Research edition 6 by SIUE

-t'

ffiu@H Sixth Edition

Summer 1.994

letler lrom the President

lnfoduction by the Groduote Deon

Artides

A change in the ecosystem: An SIUE professor studies the effects of the Great Flood of '93 From the Petri dish to the patient.. .Are grown-to-order bone implants in our future?

Their research accomplishments enrich their teaching, say NEH Fellows SIUE Conhact Archaeology staff seeks to preserve our historic and prehistoric heritage

Project CARING works to break the cycle of poverty in St. Louis area

Reseorrh Bdels

Students become modern-day explorers of rivers

SIUE helps East St. Louis families with nursing and dental services

Lost in a WWII bombing raid: musical score is unearthed and revived

"LITE" the way for students to take "STEPS" in science education

Stock market confusing? SIUE professor analyzes the New York Stock Exchange

Turkey provides rich experience for Fulbright recipient

An integrated design-aid tool is developed for Flexible Assembly Systems

list of tunders

Supporting agencies of research and projects at SIUE during the past three years

Diredory

President of Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE),

I am proud to be associated with the caliber of scholars and teachers

working on research and creative endeavors here at the University.

letter from the President

The role of these scholarly pursuits in education is important to

enriching our students'learning and our faculty's teaching. This sixth edition of Research 8 Creatiae Actiaities spotlights a sampling of the scholarly activity

occurring at SIUE. The activities discussed are varied and support SIUE's mission in many ways. For example, Project CARING responds to regional needs by helping

children and families in the St. Louis metropolitan area break the cycle of poverty. In additioru our National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Fellows show how their research enriches their teaching. The first section of Research & Creatiae Actiuities focuses on these

important projects and research: examining the impact of the Flood of 1993, developing a revolutionary process for growing human bone, and exploring early civilizations through archaeological discoveries, as well as presenting Project CARING and our NEH Fellows. An overview of more work in "Research Briefs" includes our most recent Fulbright scholar and activity in science education. A new section lists agencies funding much of the research

and creative activities occurring at SIUE

these groups are some of SIUE's

partners in the education process. We are pleased that you have shown a continuing interest inResearch â&#x201A;Źt Creatiae Actiaities and hope

you enjoy learning about SIUE in this sixth edition.

If you or your associates share interests with the University's scholars, please contact us through the directory at the end of this publication. The SIUE community welcomes your comments or inquiries. As the new president, I look forward to hearing from you.

Nancy Belck President

Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville

esearch at universities usually is valued because the new

I ll I tI la\!

knowledge it creates helps society solve problems by, for example, finding cures to diseases or inventing new technolo-

gi"r. R"r"*ch and creative activities, however, play an equally

important role in teaching and educating our students' The quality of

information taught to our students depends upon the currency of the knowledge generated by faculty scholarship. When an intellectually vibrant faculty engage students in the process of learning, excellence in education is the result. The Graduate School at Southern Illinois

University at Edwardsville is pleased to present examples of the faculty's research and scholarship. As with the preceding five issues, this edition of Research

Creatiae Actiaities provides a sampling of just a few of the scholarly

projects being conducted at SIUE. These activities range from exploring the process of human bone regeneration to designing new and more effective ways of teaching science in the secondary schools, and from

finding ways to help East St. Louis Community Nursing Services clients to discovering a lost work of music. We invite you to explore the interesting and vital work that occurs at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. We hope you

will enjoy

getting to know some of SIUE's Scholars through this edition of Research

Creatiae Actiaities. We have

provided an in-depth look at

five research areas and a section giving a sampling of some of the other scholarly endeavors of members of the University community.

Stephen Hansen

Acting Dean Graduate Studies and Research Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville

lnttodudion

CHANGE IN

An SIUE ptofessor studies the effects of the Greot

tlood of '93

THE

arian Smith doesn't consider the flooding during the summer of 7993 a natural disaster. The associate professor of biology at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE) agrees

with many environmentalists who view the disaster as man-made. "Man's intervention in the vast Mississippi River Valley system has contributed to the most extensive flooding in memory," Professor Smith said. "We will see another flood if we rebuild the same levees in the same places."

Bohonfu derunens

But even if the levees are not rebuilt, it probably will be too late for the plant species that Professor Smith has been studying since 7989. Boltonia decurrens, a perennial member of the Asteraceae and indigenous to the Illinois River floodplain, has been declining in number for the past 50 years. This decline, according to previous studies of the plant, is the result of a decrease in suitable habitat for B. decurrens due to extensive farming in the watershed and the levee systems developed

in the floodplain. Professor Smith has located B. decurrens, commonly known as the Decurrent False Aster, in seven counties in Illinois and only one in Missouri. In 1988, the species was placed on the threatened list by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

"Maintaining bio-diversity is critical to the health of the planet," Professor Smith explains. Native species like this plant are

TCOSYSTEM

"allpart of an ecosystem-an integral part. If any portion of an ecosystem changes, we don't know what will happen to it in the future." Thus, even if B. decurrens becomes extinct, it is important to know how it became extinct to help protect other native species and to study the impact this extinction will have on the ecosystem. Currently, 365 species of plants are endangered or threatened in Illinois. According to Professor Smith, despite the tragedy of loss of life and property, the flood of 1993 may provide the motivation needed for a reevaluation of the costs of our interference with natural flood patterns. It also provides a unique opportunity to assess the role of the levee system in the disappearance, since 1900, of floodplain taxa. Restoration and mitigation plans have been fashioned for threatened wetland species, but the recent failure of hundreds of miles of earthen levees reveals that any recovery plan conceived under the present system may be futile, with protection illusory. By assessing the impact of this widespread, prolonged flooding on the B, decurrens, Professor Smith will provide information that can be utilized to formulate an amended recovery plan to enable government agencies to make scientifically valid recommendations and optimize site management. Professor Smith's previous studies of B. decurrens and its habitat have enabled her to document the plant's basic biology and physiology, characteristics of existing and historic sites in Illinois and Missouri, and composition of vegetation at those sites. Assisting her in those studies have been a number of undergraduate and graduate students, 17 of whom have presented papers based on work accomplished in Professor Smith's laboratory. As the Department of Biological Sciences' biology-education specialist, Professor Smith also sees her research reach-

ing beyond the university level. "Four of my former students now have positions in local high schools as biology teachers. Because they have all conducted research as students, I feel this is an important step toward forming a network of research-oriented

teachers in the secondary schools," Professor

Smith said. She adds, "I look forward to having their students work in mylabl" In her role as teacher and scientist, Professor Smith also considers herself a positive role model for women students and pre-college teachers who are interested in becoming involved in scientific research. For example, in a recent research proposal, Professor Smith requested a specific, Iightweight canoe because "if women students are to be given a realistic opportunity to conduct research, equipment must be available that they can handle." Because much of the field work involves water and sediment core sampling taken from areas containing 5 to 10 feet of backwater in flooded woodland adjacent to the river, women students will find this stable,lightweight canoe to be a research necessity, enabling them to "get their feet wet" with B. decurrens research. Professor Smith and her students established permanent transects and quadrats on three B. decurrens sites in summer 7992.The following fall, all plants of B. decurrens at two sites were tagged, rosettes counted, and herbivore damage noted. Professor Smith then planned to return to the sites during the summer of 7993 to study the effect of herbivory on rosette/seed survival. However, all the tagged sites were in the areas where the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers had conjoined. "The timing of the flood was very bad for this particular plant," Professor Smith explained. "It is usually flowering in late summer, but most plants were destroyed by the flood and, therefore, no seeds will be produced for next year." At one point during the summer's flooding, Professor Smith witnessed its devastation herself. "I was observing some plants which were under three feet of ground water at a site near Lock and Dam #26 in Alton, and they looked to be doing fine," she said. The species is known to be extremely tolerant of long periods under water. However, according to Professor Smith, six hours later the levee broke and the plants became buried under tons of silt and sand. "They were all gone in a matter of hours," Professor Smith said. "And that was

one of the largest populations in existence. There is little or no chance of regeneration in that area. It's still under 18 to 30 inches of silt." Funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Professor Smith is now assessing exactly what will happen to B. decurrens in the aftermath of such extensive flooding. Her early observations in the fall of7993 indicate that the entire population of B. decurrens that she had been tracking has been reduced to about ten percent of the 1992population. "The plant is in extreme danger of immediate extinction," Professor Smith said. The long-term goals of Professor

Smith's current study include understanding the population dynamics of B. decurrens and the relationship between extensive flooding and population flux. While most of her previously studied sites seem to have been severely damaged

by the flooding, Professor Smith hopes to monitor the areas periodically for such changes as water level and turbidity. She also is using seed traps to collect and identify any floating seeds that could serve to reestablish B. decurrens and its competitors in7994. "A few plants are still left in the northern area of the river system, but all of the plants in the Mississippi system are gone," Professor Smith said. With mixed emotions about redistributing a species now so genetically limited, she is looking to the next five years and planning for a study to monitor the appearance of new populations of the species and the extinction of old ones and to establish baseline site and population data.

llorion Smith

With colleagues in the biology department, Professor Smith hopes to create a simulation model of B. decurrens,which also could be used for other species, and predict the length of time to its probable extinction-a length of time that could be significantly reduced by another "natural"

By Pomelo Vos, Asislonl lo

fte

Direclor, (orporole Wriling Progrom, SIUI Deporlmeil of [nglhh.

disaster. Residences, businesses, farmland, and the ecosystem all must be components in any future levee protection plan. Professor Smith's study of this slice of the ecosystem should help formulate that plan.

FROM THE PETRI

Are Eown-to-order bone implonts in our future?

" lsteoporosis reseurch ond lreolmenl

hwe

focused primarily on halting

or slowing bone the

loss. Discovering

right combination of growth

foclors...could resuh in o prescriplion

for osleoporosis."

DISH TO THE PATIENT...

n his search for a solution to the problem of bone loss in humans, Professor William Whitson has found clues, encouragement, and research materials in a surprising variety of places. "I knew nothing about how to grow a bone cell in1982," said this professor in the Department of Growth, Development, and Structure, who joined the faculty of Southern Illinois University's School of Dental Medicine in1971. Today, Professor Whitson says supplying tissue-matched living bone for implantation into patients who need it "would be the ultimate." A grant from The Procter & Gamble Company's International Program for Animal Alternatives promises to bring that goal closer by providing the technical support his labor-intensive research demands. The research won approval from Procter & Gamble because the company's grant program encourages investigators to employ laboratory testing methods whenever possible rather than using live animals in their siudies. Professor Whitson's bone cell culhrre system produces laboratorygrown bone that closely mimics the makeup and behavior of living bone in animals and humans. Therefore, the system holds promise as a medium for testing how living bone may respond to experimental substances and procedures. During a sabbatical year of postdoctoral study in the National Institute of Dental Research's NIDR) Laboratory of Biological Structure, Professor Whitsonis work wis driven by his curiosity about how some bones repair themselves and why others do not. He began to collect the clues that would eventually enable him to grow delicate, flexible sheets of living bone in his laboratory. "At NIDR I met potential collaborators who really knew what they were doing, and I learned about the availability of bovine bone protein antibodies for use with bovine bone cells. Because of the homology between bovine and human bone proteins, bovine bone cells and these antibodies are particuIarly well-suited to investigations into the behavior of human bone cells," said Professor Whitson. "When I left NIDR after my 1980-81 sabbatical, the intramural

program director, Dr. Marie Nylen, told me I would be well served to go in the direction my research has taken." Future victims of degenerative or accidental bone loss, people born with bone deformities, and patients who want to be sure the medicines they take for other probIems will not adversely affect their bones are among those who will be well-served by Professor Whitson's pioneering research. "While attending a meeting in1'982,1 was invited to a private cocktail par$," said Professor Whitson. "There I met a professor from the University of Connecticut who has since become head of bone research for a major pharmaceutical house. My graduate student and I talked to him about how to isolate and grow bone cells. By 1984,we grew them well enough to publish an article inthelournal of CeIl Biology, and,by 1985, we finally could grow the cells relatively

routinely." One of the biggest challenges in trying to grow bone in the laboratory is to isolate the right kind of cells with which to workreal bone cells. Depending on the source of the cells available to the researcher, a sample may contain not only bone cells, but also blood vessels, connective tissue cells, fragments of cartilage, or immature precursor cells that could develop into fat or muscle or bone. Professor Whitson attributes much of his progress to his business relationship a former biology teacher, Mr. Dutch Meyr, who now raises cattle and sells meat in southeastern Missouri. The man operates his own slaughterhouse and regularly

with

discovers among the cows being processed

few that are carrying unborn calves. These fetal calves provide an accidental, but rich, source of the bovine cells that allow Professor Whitson to obtain his best results. "l've been working with Dutch for about 10 years. Availability of a reliable a

source of fresh, suitable cells is the biggest problem most researchers face. I can call him up today and tomorrow he will have what I need. That's the secret." Obtaining fresh cells and hurrying

them into the laboratory require Professor Whitson to spend half a day on the road, starting first thing in the morning. "You can

still obtain living cells from bone that has been kept refrigerated overnight. However, it's my experience that the results are much better if I can extract the cells within eight hours," he said. With a gestational period of nine months, calves provide sizable, hard bones at a fetal age of five or six months because they are born with legs that are ready to support them so they can eat. Thin shavings of bone, one-half millimeter to a millimeter thick, are placed in a digestion medium Professor Whitson developed. "The medium digests some of the matrix and loosens up the cells. After they pop off the bone surface we collect them in a centrifuge, then spread them out immediately on glass cover slips that are about two inches by three inches. We've gone through a whole host of studies over the years to come up with the right growth medium in which to place the cells at this point," he added. During active bone formation, the growth medium is changed twice a day-a labor-intensive process. "Some of my colleagues at prestigious research institutions laugh at me, tell me I'm a$azy fool, for the amount of effort I put into this stage of the work. Yet I'm managing to grow sheets of bone and they're not." A week of consistent effort in the laboratory yields a solid sheet of cells across the cover slip, which can then be placed in a larger Petri dish that holds a generous supply of growth medium.

"In about seven to ten days, with

By adapting his current methods to the growth of human bone, Professor Whitson hopes eventually to produce the implantable, tissue-matched living material he now refers to as "the ultimate." But working with human bone cells presents additional challenges. Once again, availability of fresh specimens that have been properly handled and that can be quickly processed is critical. An agreement with an orthopedic surgeon who performs knee replacements provides Professor Whitson with healthy, mature, living bone, which the surgeon must trim away to accommodate the prosthesis the patient is receiving. Once again, biological material that normally would be a waste product of a necessary procedure becomes the donor tissue for these cell studies. "We've been able to get human bone cells to release from that bone, grow them, and produce a mineralized matrix," said Professor Whitson. "But the interesting thing we have found is that these old bone cells still respond to growth factors. It turns out that in the adult the cells just aren't seeing the level of growth factor that a rapidly growing child produces. The reason young bones repair so much faster-the reason their cells grow faster and respond more quicklyis that the level of growth factor circulating in their blood stream is higher. Once you get the cells isolated from the surgical source, they respond quite well, they remember. That's why I'm so interested in these growth factors. We don't know exactly which com-

stimulation and feeding, we get a sheet of bone that goes through what we would typically see as bone development, including mineralization, in an animal or a human," Professor Whitson said. In recommending this system for funding by a gerontological foundation, Larry W. Fisher, a research chemist with

bination might be important in helping these old human cells remember how to grow." This interest in growth factors is only one of several potentially rewarding distractions Professor Whitson has encountered in the pursuit of his basic research goals. While sheets of laboratory-grown bone could solve

NIDR, wrote: The fetal bovine culture system established by Professor Whitson is the best normal cell model for the study of bone cell development, bone matrix synthesis, and mineralization. The rapidity of culture growth, the volume of matrix synthesized, and the degree of mineralization achieved using this system are remarkable . . . . Professor Whitson has recognized that the isolation procedures now used to obtain adult human bone cells are quite inefficient and yield inadequate cell populations.

some bone-loss health problems, one of the most debilitating and expensive diseases our aging society faces cannot be cured by surgically patching the damage. In osteoporosis, bone formation fails to keep pace with the natural process of bone resorption or destruction. Osteoporosis research and treatment have focused primarily on halting or slowing bone loss. Diicovering the right combination of growth factors to stimulate bone formation without harming other organs or upsetting other body systems could result in a prescription for osteoporosis. Patients whose brittle bones break easily or fail to heal after frachrres might be

Williun

Whitson

able to recover and return home instead of requiring constant care and losing their

independence.

Although supplying laboratory-grown, tissue-matched bone for implantation on demand in patients who need it is Professor Whitson's ultimate dream, his shorter-term goal is to grow new bone from a patient's own cells. It is now possible for a person who needs reconstructive surgery of the jaw, for instance, to be his or her own donor. Unfortunately, borrowing a significant amount of bone from the hip to be used as filler or scaffolding in another area of the body not only subjects the patient to a longer anesthesia and surgery, but also leaves two surgical sites that must heal.

And mature bone cannot be shaped to fit where it is needed. "A board-certified oral surgeon with

The loboralory-grown bone is some-

whot flexible and ahout lwice the thkkness of

sheet of paper.This

bone hos been growing 8-l

0 days.

By Georgio Voils, Resources Anolysl,

0ffice of Reseorch ond Proiecls, SIUE

Groduole Sthool.

large practice in New England visited here as a speaker recently," said Professor Whitson. "He gets frustrated over problems he can't handle, over the limitations on what he can do with the materials available to him. In order to build up the jaw a cancer patient has lost, this surgeon might need to take half of the ridge of the patient's hip. "Consequently, if you show a sheet of this laboratory-grown bone to any surgeon/ you have him in the palm of your hand," said Professor Whitson. The laboratorygrown bone, carefully peeled from the glass cover slip at the right stage of development, is somewhat flexible and about twice the thickness of a sheet of paper. A surgeon can fold it, cut it, punch holes in it, shape it, and adapt it to the needs of each individual patient. "Three weeks before your implantation, the surgeon would extract the smallest possible bone biopsy from the hip, perhaps, give it to a lab such as ours, and we would grow what you need. During surgery/ you would have your own bone put back in, just like giving your own blood ahead of time," said Professor Whitson. Not only does progress in Professor Whitson's research bring him closer to his own goals, but also it promises to advance the research of investigators with related interests and, thus, is attracting national attention. For example, Dr. Lyndon Cooper, a prosthodontist at the dental school at the University of North Carolina, is comparing the molecular biology of long bones to that

of the jaw bone; he has found distinctions between the bone matrices formed in those two areas. His work is revealing some basic differences between bones that perform

different functions. In addition, Dr. Sam Lynch and Dr.

Will Giannobile, researchers at Harvard University, are formulating different combinations of growth factors and measuring their effects on bone. They are searching for the proper combination and concentration to stimulate the smallest biopsy possible to grow the maximum amount of new bone. Also, Professor Whitson has collaborated with Dr. Don Chase and Dr. David Gerard of the University of Tennessee's oral surgery department to determine the practicality of shipping bone cells between the laboratory that grows them and the surgical facility where they might be implanted. The turnover rate of bone in adult minipigs being studied at the University of Tennessee is identical to the rate at which old bone is replaced periodically by new bone in humans. [The minipig is a shain of pig specifically bred to be small enough as an adult to house and handle easily in the laboratory. Miniature strains of the pig occur naturally in the wild as well.l Successful implantation of laboratory-grown bone in minipigs would allow surgeons to predict how quickly laboratory-grown bone would establish itself in humans. "Dr. Gerard has shipped fresh bone samples to me on ice by overnight express," said Professor Whitson. "I've been able to prepare them exactly as I do the bovine cells, grow sheets of bone, and ship them back to Tennessee. At this point we're just testing how successfully we can send viable material between our locations." Pharmaceutical companies view the bone culture system as an ideal testing ground to determine whether new drugs have beneficial or detrimental effects on bone. For example, the CEO of a small biotechnology company, who recently visited Professor Whitson's laboratory, would like to know how bone cells are likely to react to a new version of a dental product his company markets. In the past, such substances might have been tested in rats; in the future, better predictions of the substances' suitability for use by humans may be possible because, as Professor says, "Iwant to find out what makes the cell tick."

Whitson

THEIR RESTARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS ENRICH THEIR TEACHING

t takes time to accomplish research goals and to prepare teaching activities for classes, with research and teaching going hand in hand. To obtain an academic year dedicated to one's research, Iaculty often apply to highly-competitive fellowship programs. Two faculty members at Southern Illinois

University at Edwardsville (SIUE) who applied to the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Fellowship program survived the competitive process and received this prestigious award within the past few years. Suzanne Jacobitti, professor in the

Department of Political Sciences, received a fellowship during academic year 1990-91for her project, "Hannah Arendt and Liberal Political Theory." Stella Revard, professor in the Department of English Language and Literature, received a fellowship during academic year 7993-94 for her project, "The Tangles of Neaera's Hair: Milton and NeoLatin Poetry." Both professors also have had portions of their research supported by SIUE Graduate School research funding. In addition, the Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs supplemented the fellowship money up to the scholars' salaries so that these two researchers did not lose salary by accepting the honor of the fellowship. National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Fellowships, according to the governmental guidelines, "provide opportunities for individuals to pursue advanced work that will enhance their capacities as teachers, scholars, or interpreters of the humanities and that will enable them to make significant contributions to thought and knowledge in the humanities. . . .These awards enable

individuals to devote extended

periods

of uninterrupted time to investigation, reflection, and writing." Established by Congress in 1965 to support research, education, and public projects in the humanities, NEH supports the humanities and, through stiff competition, "strives to support only projects of compelling quality and importance." Evaluation criteria are based on (1) the significance of

the contribution that the proposed project

will make to thought and knowledge in the

Two SlUt plofessors ore

field of the project and to the humanities generally; (2) the quality or the promise of quality of the applicant's work as a teacher, scholar, or interpreter of the humanities; (3) the conception, definition, organization, and description of the proposed projecf and (4) the likelihood that the applicant will com-

owurded the l'lotionol Endowment for the

Humonilies Fellowship

plete the project. An average of 1.,014 proposals per year have been submitted to the NEH Fellowship program the past few years, with 102 offers of fellowships extended for the 1994-95 academic year. During her research year using the NEH Fellowship, Professor Revard, SIUE's first Outstanding Scholar Award recipient in 1988, examined how the Renaissance world of classical imitation-and specifically how the Latin poetry of Renaissance writers such as Pontano, Marullo, Flaminio, and Secundus-shaped the verse of the young John Milton as he worked to develop his own distinctive voice in ode, in eclogue, and in pastoral drama. As her work continues, Professor Revard will demonstrate how these Renaissance poets taught Milton through their example to use classical imitation as a vehicle to express his views about poetry, politics, and religion and so helped him to achieve the unique balance of contemporary and classical aspects that marks the poetry of his 1645 volume. Professor Revard said the book she will write based on this research "will fill a real need for little has been done in the area recently." Her previousbook about Milton received the prestigious Hanford Award from the Milton Society of America fol the most distinguished book about Milton published in 1980. In additio4 she iereived this award for the most distinguished article about Milton published in 1988. As only one of three scholars who has received both awards, Professor Revard certainly is a leading Miltonist, nationally and internationally. Professor Revard has received research support in the past from NEH, the Folger Shakespeare Library, and the Huntington ,

Llbrary, as well as from SIUE. She said, "I q

believe very strongly that SIUE must continue to encourage scholars as well as teachersfor good scholarship and good teaching go hand in hand. We must particularly see to it that both young and established teachers are encouraged to continue their scholarly interests that brought them into the profession." Professor Revard remembers her early encouragement from Nicholas Joost, who was Head of Humanities when she first came to SIUE in 7961. "He saw to it that I had released time for research so that I could begin to bring my scholarship to publication. If that encouragement had not been forthcoming, I do not think I would have achieved what I have." Professor Revard spent most of her fellowship year doing her research in England, where Milton lived and wrote. During fall semester 1993, she also spent

know l'm

o much hetler leother

resuh of

my rcseorch.'-

Suzonne lacobifti

time at the Folger Library in Washington, DC, and presented papers at the Newberry Library in Chicago and at the Milton Conference in Tennessee. Professor Revard said she first encountered Milton's workduring her first year of college'at Hunter College in New York' "Milton is one of the two gpeatest poets in English literature, alongiwith Shakespeare/ although Shakespeare gets more attention. Milton has been my principal interest-ofresearch area since graduate school and is also the area of my greatest expertise." Professor Revard is no stranger to

NEH support for her work.In 1975, with the encouragement and assistance from a Graduate School staff member, she applied for and received an NEH sunrner feilowship that allowed her to begin a study of Pindar and Renaissance poetry, followed by an NEH Fellowship in 1985 and support to participate in a seminar in Rome in 1990 on "Rome from 1485-1527." Discussing the Pindar project she just completed, Professor Revard said that the NEH Fellowships helped considerably, but "the generous support from the Graduate School, as well as released time for research granted me by the Department of English, the School of Humanities, and the provost helped me bring this very difficult project to completion."

While working on this Project on Pindar, Professor Revard also did work on Renaissance Latin poets that "convinced me that work was needed on Milton's relationship to Continental writers of the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries who wrote in Latin." About two years ago, Professor Revard began collecting her research materials for her work and future book about Milton's relationship to their work. Of course, at SIUE Professor Revard teaches Milton. "My students-particularly the English majors and graduate studentsare interested in the research I do on Milton and, whenever I can, I work research I'm doing into my classes. Quite a few of my articles have begun as questions raised by students in my classes. No matter how specialized my research may seem at first, I try to relate it in the final analysis to solving problems in the literature I teach." Barbara Quinn Schmidt, chairperson of the Department of English Language and Literature when Professor Revard held her fellowship, echoed how this research affects teaching. "Professor Revard's research is rooted in materials useful for teaching in her dasses. Onestudeni who returned to do a graduate'degree after law'school is looking forward to taking a class with her once again becaqse he finds the rigor of her thought both personally challenging and a clear sign of 'how much more there is to learn." Professor Schmidt said that the NEH Fellowship is inspiring to younger faculty and that prospective students and faculty are drawn to a university that receives awards of this caliber. "I believe receiving an NEH is a great morale booster for the recipient and a motivation of the highest order to completing the work " Professor Schmidt said. "Professor Revard is a model for lifetime dedication to the profession," Professor Schmidt added. Professor Jacobitti said that her fellowship year working on Arendt's political thought "allowed me time which is of the essence in my type of research. I had the whole year off to do this work and made progress on my book on Arendt." Currently, her book is in its second draft.

Hannah Arendt, according to Professor Jacobitti, was a German Jewish immigrant intellectual who came to the United States during World War II. She was a student of Heidegger, a major philosopher of the twentieth century. Arendt's political thought is now considered by some scholars to be on a par with that of such nineteenth-century thinkers as Hegel and John Stuart Mill. "I was astonished that I got the fellowship. People here at SIUE have had bad luck getting an NEH," Professor jacobitti said' Professor jacobitti had been producing a series of articles and papers about her research on Arendt, but had had no time to delve deeply into her project. "I wouldn't be where I am with my research and the book

without this fellowship." Professor Jacobitti spent most of her fellowship year at home doing research and writing, although she did explore Arendt's papers in the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. The prestige of an NEH FellowshiP has also helped her in her work. Professor Jacobitti feels that the fellowship improved her confidence and competitiveness, thus allowing her to obtain more feedback on her research at pertinent conventions. She now personally knows other Arendt scholars across the country.

"The fact that I've become more professionally active has helped me in my work," Professor Jacobitti said. She has presented about six papers since receiving her fellowship and has also been invited to write an article in an important edition to commemorate Arendt's death. In addition to the work on her book, she has published several articles based on her fellowship-year research. Don McCabe, chairperson of the Department of Political Science, said Professor Jacobitti's colleagues in the department "are extremely proud of the unquestionable

recognition which the NEH grant gave to Professor Jacobitti's scholarship. More important, we-and her students-are fortunate to be able to share in that scholarship." Professor jacobitti also has been able to incorporate Arendt's work into her own classes. She said that Hannah Arendt's analyses of previous political thinkers is "rea7ly enriching my teaching."

Research on Arendt fits into the history

of political theory. "Although she's getting attention, her work-rooted as it is in German philosophy-often appears strange to mainstream American political theorists," Professor ]acobitti said. Professor ]acobitti's goal is to understand Arendt's complex work and present her as someone whom "mainstream political theorists should engage more than theY do now'" In addition, Professor McCabe said, "Hannah Arendt had unique insights on many of history's greatest political thinkers. Professor Jacobitti's research on those insights has honed her own considerable skills as a teacher of the history of political

thought." Professor Jacobitti has been working on Arendt's political thought since 1983. She has received travel support and summer research support from the SIUE Graduate School for her Arendt research, in addition to a sabbatical year. "We [scholars] always worry that there is the temptation to cut research funds. I know I'm a much better teacher as a result of my research. Having time to do research is really valuable to improving what I do in the classroom." She also added that she has "certainly gotten excellent support" from her department chairs and colleagues and from the School of Social Sciences. As for the National Endowment for the Humanities, Professor ]acobitti said, "I have very positive thoughts about NEH. I hope they keep going." Samuel C. Pearson, dean of the School of Social Sciences since before Professor jacobitti received her fellowship, agrees with Professor Jacobitti's thoughts about NEH. He said, "NEH FellowshiPs make a significant contribution to faculty scholarship at SIUE. These intensely competitive awards provide recognition for important scholarship already accomplished by our faculty and provide the time necessary for research that enriches scholarship and

..good xholarchip ond good

teoching

hond

in hond."-

Stella Revord

By Lillion 0'Neol Monning, Proiecl

(oordinolor, Office of Reseorth ond Propcls, SlUt Groduole School.

classroom teaching."

National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships have helped these two SIUE faculty members professionally and personally in their work in and out of the classroom.

SIUE CONTRACT AR(llAEOLOGY STAFF STIKS PRESERVE OUR

SIUE Arthoeology

stoll

ottempl lo pteserve out heritoge through reseotdr,

servke, ond educotion

HISTORIC AND PREHISTORI( HERITAGE

he Office of Contract Archaeology staff worry about endangered areas

related to prehistoric and historic sites. According to William I. Woods, associate professor and director of this Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE) group/ areas are constantly being lost as our burgeoning population paves, builds,

and swarms over more and more acres. "Cahokia Mounds is the only part of the settlement area under state ownership and therefore protected from informational loss," Professor Woods explained. All these archaeological staff are active members of professional archaeological organizations that attempt, among other professional concerns, to deal with this loss of resources.

largest archaeological group in the Midwestat peak times employing as many as 80 people-works on a variety of grants and contracts, which amounted to more than $2.6 million during fiscal year 1994. Several key staff members-Dr. George R. Holley, Ms. Christy Wells, and Dr. John E. Kellycoordinate these projects. An example of their smooth coordination is the biggest archaeological project in the Midwest, and possibly in the United States, in terms of people, dollars, and area involved-the Scott Joint-Use Project. Dr. Holley said the area, covering3,7}} acres, "has yielded a significant database regarding the prehistoric and early historic occupation of the uplands." Although for most of the prehistoric period, according to Dr. Holley, local Native Americans were mobile hunters and gatherers, sedentary villages appeared 1,600 years ago and continued until the area was

largely abandoned by ca. A.D. 1400. Resettlement occurred when early EuroAmerican pioneers established farmsteads

during the

Left

to right: (hristy Welk,

lohn Kelly, Williom

oods, and

George Holley ore in fronl

llur dock l,llo u nd (f o r egr ound)

ond

lvlonk's l,llound.

Often the only time we have a chance to discover our area's heritage is before a new highway or building is constructed because lllinois law requires an archaeological survey of every site before new construction begins. This construction law is just one reason SIUE's archaeology staff is in demand for their expert services. In addition to conducting this archaeological research, Professor Woods' group undertakes service and educational functions within the University and for a variety of public agencies and private firms. This

1820s.

As part of this Scott project, the identified prehistoric and historic sites will be excavated before they are disturbed by any construction, Dr. Holley said. Initial funding for this project was through the Illinois Department of Transportation CIDOT), with an anticipated project budget exceeding $3 million over the next five years. An important plus of the project is the opportunity to bring in new people "through the system" of working in archaeology. Not only do these inexperienced people often develop a professional expertise in their area of interest, but also many enroll in the SIUE master's-degree programs in environmental studies

or geography. In addition to this important dig, IDOT funds a number of other projects as well. SIUE archaeologists conducted 24 projects alone in Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Randolph, Clinton, Bond, and Washington counties in one recent year. Dr. Kelly explained that such projects begin with a survey of the area covered by the highway work to determine the works impact on cultural resources, both historic and prehistoric.

hnlracl

Archaeology teoms at work

on exmvotions ot the

sile

of the new

museum st fuhokia Mounds.

"Such surveys indicate whether it is necessary to recommend additional tests; and the tests, in turn, indicate whether extensive excavations should take place," Dr. Kelly said. Two recent highway projects especially interested Dr. Kelly. The Illinois Route 3 project between the towns of Columbia and Waterloo revealed that "the present Route 3 approximately corresponds to the historic Kaskaskia Trail and is significant in terms of understanding early historic settlement patterns." A project to widen Interstate 55-70 through East St. Louis revealed intact

orehistoric sites.

Oth.,

such archaeological projects are

in archaeology. This school explores facets of living patterns and social interactions. "The explorations provide a wide range of in{ormation, including details such as those showing that the Cahokians practiced landscaping, actually leveling a large area for ceremonial and/or sporting events rather than just making use of a naturally occurring ievel site," Dr. Holley exPlained. The field school with an educational focus promotes the teaching of archaeology. The students are active teachers learning how to present archaeology to their own students, to promote preservation of archaeological sites, and to encourage the appreciation of cultural sites. Ms. Wells said that in

questions about Cahokia Mounds. Students include those from SIUE and from other

this school "practical demonstrations are invaluable." For example, she said the students created a stratified archaeological site in an already disturbed area and reconstructed a small mound. To the surprise of these students, this mound was constructed rather quickly as they discovered that they could easily carry baskets containing 40 pounds of dirt. This first-hand knowledge of early life gives these teachers valuable information to use when they return to teach their own students. As any member of the Contract Archaeology staff will tell you, we live in one of the most important resource areas in the United States for prehistory, with Cahokia Mounds representing the largest prehistoric settlement of the United States

universities, as well as some non-affiliated people who simply have an abiding interest

and the most dense occupation associated with maize agriculture. It is the first and

tunded by engineering firms, developers, and cities. Ms. Wells said, "These provide an opportunity to see what was going on outside of main settlement areas such as Cahokia Mounds-where the people were living, what they were doing, when they occupied what terrain-all of this before and after the span of the Cahokia Mounds." This well-known Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is where the group's education and research interests interact most closely, especially with the field schools, which have been held there since 1988 and cover research as well as educational topics.

The field school with the research aspect is designed to answer specific

only example of prehistoric urbanism in the United States. This area also includes the

first permanent European Settlement on the Mississippi, the Village of Cahokia tn1,699 (often referred to as French Cahokia), as well as other historic sites of interest.

This entire region provides this expert staff with what they need in order to learn so much about historic and prehistoric life; they find the remains of prehistoric villagesincluding houses, storage buildings, and cooking facilities-and evidence of ceremo-

nial buildings and practices. With this evidence, they can determine the environment, diet, stylistic behavior, social organization, and trading patterns. Of importance, the group stresses, is that much information can be obtained with minimal destruction of resources. These archaeological resources are, of course/ non-renewable, although our present civilization provides such resources

for archaeologists in the distant future' Professor Woods and his staff have been invited, due to their research interests and expertise , toBelize,Italy, Mexico, and Russia and to the state of Mississippi. For example, methods used at Cahokia Mounds

were applied to an archaeological site in Italy. Each staff member has engaged in research in other states and countries, thus providing each person with a broad base of experience and expertise. And these archaeology group members lhe staff wilh uvailoble

some

of the artifatls

for viewing at the Cuhokis

Mounds museum. fhese artifocts

were found in lhe lvlounds' area

And, despite more than 100 Years of research in this region, staff members note that much is still unknown. Concentration often is placed on the big sites, such as Cahokia Mounds, but there is an entire settlement system that interacts with the larger sites. Staff members reiterate that it is important to deal with the evolution of the settlement system through time and to understand how the small sites fit in with the larger ones. The potential for discovering

Adminislrolive Asistont, 0f f ice

more about the settlement system makes each contract and its site so important. This archaeological group's research

of Reseorrh ond Proiecb, SlUE

deals with understanding what these prehis-

Groduole School.

toric people were doing for a living and their

By Jeon Wllimonn, Relired

interactions with the larger settlement systems, all changing constantly throughout time. Often a resource for visiting scholars, this staff possesses an in-depth exposure to "Mississippian" culture, on which many other scholars rely.

do not simply stay on site collecting information. They give public lectures at other universities, local schools, archaeological societies, museums, and service organizations. They also have made presentations at international, national, and regional professional meetings, and published papers in professional journals. The enthusiasm of Professor Woods and his staff is apparent no matter what they are doing. The SIUE Office of Contract Archaeology does more than just worry about endangered prehistoric and historic sites. Professor Woods plans for ever more projects for Contract Archaeology, not only for the benefit of his staff and the University, but also for the exciting information awaiting recovery by these appreciative experts.

PROJECT CARING WORKS TO BREAI( THE flCtE OF

hildren living in poverty are children at risk. Imperiled by poor health, inadequate education, neglect, and the perpetuation of an environment of poverty, they risk failing in life. Varied social and educational programs exist to minimize the effects of this environment on children, but too frequently these programs are fragmented, inaccessible, or bureaucratic. So the children these programs are designed to assist slip through the cracks. Project CARING, an acronym for Children at Risk: Initiating New Gateways, is designed to provide a"safety net" for children at risk and their families in two selected neighborhoods in the metropolitan St. Louis area-so no child will slip through these cracks in the system. Project CARING is one of only 17 urban community programs funded in the nation by the U.S. Department of Education. Project CARING's three-year grant, totalling more than $2 million, combines the efforts of a consortium of concerned groups to provide assistance for children from birth through

the ninth grade. The consortium consists of Southern

Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE), Saint Louis University (SLU), Lessie Bates Davis Neighborhood House in East St. Louis, Hoyleton Youth and Family Services, the Lansdowne Improvement Association, the Stevens Community Support Council, the Southwestern Illinois Leadership Council, and the cities and school districts of St. Louis, MO, and East St. Louis, IL. Representatives of these consortium members participate in the steering committees for the East St. Louis and St. Louis project. The project focuses on the Lansdowne and Washington Park neighborhoods in southwestern Illinois and the Stevens Middle School area in north St. Louis. "Project CARING is part of the longterm solution to poverty," Donald Baden said. Director of Project CARING, Dr. Baden is a professor of curriculum and instruction and associate dean of the School of

Education at SIUE. The consortium members combine health care, academic support to encourage competence in school, and family services

POVERTY IN THE

ST. IOUIS AREA

into one comprehensive program to help children create and accomplish educational goals and, ultimately, successfully enter the

work force. Professor Baden said many of the services encompassed by Project CARING

already existed, but were not coordinated. "What is necessary to end poverty is a very broad scope of intervention; CARING is part of that intervention." For children at risk to receive the education they need and deserve to ensure a good future, they must have a positive environment. CARING uses schools as focal points of activity, and involves all the students, not just a few. This approach offers a holistic environmental change. This change was positively emphasized during a news feature about a St. Louis "CARING school," as it was called, during the KTVI-Channel 2 newscast at 6 p.m. one Friday in March 1994. This feature by Betsey Bruce, the station's education reporter, stated that 350 families were involved in and had been helped by this "CARING school." For example, according to the story, teachers become more involved in identifying students with potential problems affecting their schoolwork because the teachers now work more closely with the Project CARING social work staff, who then help these students and their families solve problems from health care to day care. In addition, after-school programs keep the children busy until the staff watches them walk home. This news feature reflected the optimistic attitudes of all the people involved in this Project CARING school, from students to parents and from social work staff to the principal. Changes within the schools, such as this news feature showed, include parental involvement, student interns from SIUE and SLU, school-business partnerships in which successful business leaders introduce children to community workplaces, and new programs such as one-on-one

Proiecl GRING helps in the

metropoliton

Sl. louis oteu

mentoring relationships. "Attendance in the schools is still poor," Professor Baden said, "but students are responding well to the mentor programs." Low attendance is not the only problem Project CARING faces. Professor Baden said changes within the school districts have

District. In spring 1994, a health fair held at Lansdowne school enabled the ninth graders there to interact with and learn from health agencies involved in drug programs, AIDS prevention, and other wellness efforts. Project CARING's goal is to ensure that

Donold Baden wilh

o Proiect

come slowly. "It's difficult to change from

1ARING student

a reactive method of administration to one that is proactive," he said. One reason for reticence within the school districts is lack of trust. Professor Baden said the neighborhoods involved in Project CARING have been subjected to outside intervention before, only to have their hopes dashed when the money ran out. Project CARING staff want to initiate programs involving and coordinated by

Wondo F. Holl, Adiunct Forulty,

lewis ond 0ork (ommunily (ollege, ond tormer Stoff Asistont to

fte

Deon, 0ffice o{ Reseorch ond Proiecls,

SluI Groduole

School.

local residents. By providing comprehensive and family-oriented relationships with residents, CARING staff expect to establish CARING's efforts well enough so that programs will continue without outside intervention when the grant ends. For example, a family recreation program begun at the Lansdowne Community Center allows families "to interact together, to study together, and to attend classes of common interest," Professor Baden said. To reach its goal of changing environmental structure within these school districts, Project CARING also helps integrate existing social programs in district neighborhoods. By involving education students from SIUE, social work interns from SLU, and nursing students from SIUE, Project CARING services reach residents who might otherwise lack access to them. "The social and health programs are going very well," Professor Baden said. For example, during Project CARING's first year, more than 200 students received a full range of immunizations, dental screenings, and blood and other medical tests at clinics set up in the Lansdowne gymnasium. These clinics were conducted by nurses and dentists from SIUE, social workers, and staff from the Southern Illinois Health Care Foundation and the East Side Health

children at risk interact continuously with these programs from birth through the ninth grade. This period in children's lives is crucial to their success in high school and in breaking the cycle of poverty prevalent in their neighborhoods. For example, inadequate health care for children at risk diminishes their ability to learn and achieve many goals. To ensure the success of the social and health programs, Project CARING professionals are also investigating the establishment of a computerized social network with area social service providers. While CARING professionals develop ongoing relationships with families and

provide some direct services, their main function is to teach family members about other available social services. Professor Baden said involvement in the target neighborhoods offers opportunities not only for the schools and residents, but also for SIUE and SLU students and faculty through all the components of the Programeducation, health, and social services. The work eventually will generate new information that can be used by faculty and students conducting research in areas such as health education, policy analysis, political science, and psychology. But mainly, Project CARING offers the university communities the challenge to become more involved in the Metropolitan St.

Louis area.

"The challenge is enormous, but we are having an impact," Professor Baden said. "Poverty devastates lives, but the cycle of poverty can be broken. By developing a network of comprehensive programs that focus on the child within the family context, we can change the futures of children at risk. "Kids are kids," Professor Baden said. "Children in these neighborhoods face more hardships than many other children, but none of them wants to fail. They just need a

fighting chance." Project CARING gives them that chance.

STUDENTS BE(OlJlI MODIRN-DAY EXPTORERS

obert Williams, professor of curriculum and instruction in the SIUE School of Education, helps show sfudents the many ways to explore a river. Professor Williams is the project director of the "Rivers Curriculum Project," an endeavor more far-reaching than the bodies of water it attempts to explain. The Rivers Project currently involves science, social science, and English teachers and students at more than 300 schools in 23 states.

With scientific literacy of future ultimate goal of the of the rivers was project, the study historical, social extended to include and/or economic implications of the state of the rivers. The multifacetted nature of this project extends to many endeavors, including SOILED NET, a telecommunication network linking all participating schools with each other generations as the

and with the project headquarters, providing a technological framework

for many of the project's activities; Meanderings, a publication devoted

to student writings on their "river

OF RIVERS

experiences"; and development of a sequential rivers' curriculum. Although the top priority is to improve student understanding of river-related science concepts and facts, the data collected by these "river

watchers" will be instrumental in solving environmental problems and will contribute significantly to scientific and historical inquiry. For example, a cooperative effort is underway with the Illinois Natural History Survey and the University of

Illinois' Water Resources Center to help monitor theZebraMussel, a mollusc transported from Europe in 1,986, as it enters the Midwest; many major freshwater bodies in North America have been severely damaged by theZebraMussel. The scope and intent of this project has attracted a great deal of regional and national attention. Awards thus far include Take Pride in America from the Illinois Department of Conservation and the Department of the Interior, Energy Achievement from the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Youth Award and Excellence in Group Project, Keep

America Beautiful, Chevron Conservation Award, and

Outstanding Achievement from the Renewable Natural Resources Foundation. Professor Williams and Cindy Bidlack, a teacher from ]erseyville High School who is serving as project coordinator, have received funding from a variety of sources for the Rivers Project: National Science Foundation, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Illinois State Board of Education, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Illinois Board

RobertWillioms

of Higher Education, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Ameritech.

SIUE tlEI.PS EAST ST. LOUIS FAMILIES WITH NURSING AND IUE's commitment to serving its region has taken many shapes; however, in East St. Louis the strength o{ its commitment is defined by the East St. Louis Center. The Center offers resources in education, the arts, social and community services, and for some, most importantly, in health care. Affordable dental and medical care are available at the Center to all East St. Louis residents.

Community Nursing Services (CNS), a nurse-managed center staffed by the SIUE School of Nursing, provides affordable Lauri

Monti,

and

(harlyn Woods,

{aculty and staff at

CNS.

Alphanso f rottmun (helow)

health care screening, assessment, counseling, education/ case management, and referral to all age groups. Staff work closely with community nurses, physicians, social services, and other health care agencies to assist clients and their families. Services are provided both onsite and offsite in the community. CNS has developed a client base of approximately 1,700 persons, including

DtNTAI. SERVICTS

children, family members, and elderly in Housing Authority buildings. Nursing services to children, particularly those affiliated with Head Start, are a critical aspect of the center's work. Ninety-two percent of its clients are children under 12 years of age who might otherwise have difficulty getting good health care. Joyce Haynie serves as CNS's director o{ clinical services, and Lauri Monti is the director for program development. Ruth Gresley directed the recent grant for the clinic from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Dental Clinic is managed by the Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine. The school provides comprehensive dental care for patients at the East St. Louis facility. The clinic provides an additional learning experience for predoctoral students, who spend part of their fourth year treating patients. Directed by Dr. Alphonso Trottman, the clinic had about 5,000 patient visits during 7993 and processed 864 new patients. The School of Dental Medicine also provides advanced education in general dentistry (AEGD), a two-year certificate program, at the East St. Louis facility' The program is designed to train graduate dentists to provide care for patients in hospitals and to advance their skills in treating medically-compromised patients and patients with special needs. This program is directed by Dr. Robert Braun. Faculty associated with the program are specialists and generalists from the clinical departments of the School of Dental Medicine, V.A. Medical Center-St. Louis, and Scott Air Force Base Medical Center.

I.OST

IN WWII BOMBING RAID: MUSICAI. S(ORE IS UNIARIHTD AND REVIVED

he Library of Congress in Washington,

DC, holds many rare items. During the early 1980s, while Allan Ho was a doctoral student at the University of Kentucky, he unearthed one of these items which, until then, was presumed no longer in existence. His discovery was a copy of an original score by Wilhelm Stenhammar, Phno Concerto N0. L, which was considered lost in a World War II bombing raid. kofessor Ho's finding and subsequent rn'ork on the score have produced lasting impressions on the music world. With the assistance of SIUE funding, Professor Ho, now an associate professor in the SIUE Department of Music, and two graduate students spent eight months tvpesetting the entire score in the music computer lab. Their product received its premiere recording on the BIS label by the Malmo (Sweden) Symphony Orchestra and

The re-emergence of this concerto is

winning accolades throughout the music world. Upon reviewing the European repremiere, Hans Wolf writes, "It would not be surprising if Wilhelm Stenhammar's First Piano Concerto now began a second triumphal progress one hundred years after its birth and its immediate success in the great music cities of the continent..." (Dagens Nyheter;May 2,1992). It is also not surprising that Professor Ho's diligent efforts made this rebirth possible.

will be published by Nordiska Musikforlaget :ur7994.

The composer, Wilhelm Stenhammar, is considered one of the leading Scandinavian composers of the turn of the century. This concerto, Professor Ho maintains, "is the most important nineteenth-century Scandinavian piano concerto next to Edvard Grieg's."

-..@irh: Allan Ho with Sonia Nkhok

(hft)

and

Anne Brkkeen (middle), groduate ossistonts who helped with his work.

"LIIE"

THE \lIlAY FOR STUDENTS

IO IAKI

ssociate Professor Virginia Bryan of the SIUE Department of Chemistry

Virginia Bryan with student (ohove)

Luke Snell (stonding ohove right)

wilh nnslruclion

st udenls.

DavidWinnett ftelow)

and Associate Professor David Winnett of the SIUE Department of Curriculum and Instruction are taking "steps" toward improving scientific literacy and brightening the "lites" on creating better science and math teachers. LITES (Leaders in Teaching Elementary Science) involves an ongoing collaboration between these SIUE professors and Educational Service Center, Region #16. The program's goal is to increase the skills of K-6 instructors in teaching math, science, and iechnology. Participating teachers are immersed in recent advances in chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. They also explore the uses of the Math and Science Hands-On (MASH) Kit, an activitybased kit for the classroom. The program is being funded by a $1 million, three-year grant from the National Science Foundation. Throughout the second

and third years of the LITES project, exem-

plary area educational leaders are identified and used as science resource specialists for

their districts. Professor Luke Snell of the SIUE Construction Department joined Professors Bryan and Winnett in the development of the STEPS program. STEPS (Science,

"STIPS'IN

SCIENCI EDUCATION

Technology, and Engineering Problem Solving) is designed to increase the middle school student's knowledge and experience in science, mathematics, and technology. After expanding the knowledge base of middle school educators in science and math technology, the teachers can then encourage students' problem-solving abilities through the methodologies of engineering. With funding from the Illinois State Board of Education, STEPS allows students to appty technology in real situations and make adjustments to their research based on the limits and accountability of their own technology. Students use estimating, predicting, measuring, and comparing skills in solving real problems.

STOCK IIIARKTT CONTUSING? THIS PROFESSOR ANAI-YZES

oncerning the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), why would an NYSE specialist voluntarily stop an order? This question is one aspect that Roy A. Fletcher, assistant professor of finance at SIUE, is investigating in his comparison of the benefits of computerized trading systems to floor trading systems. The latter system's human element, including Stopped Orders, has helped investors save money. As Professor Fletcher explains, there are two prices for any security on the stock narket-the bid (selling) price and the asking buying) price. For example, if the price to is 40 and the price to buy is 40 7 / 4, the 'ell difference, the bid-ask spread, is part of the nansaction cost, the profit to the specialist. It you tell your broker to buy 1,000 shares, r-ou will pay 401. /4 and must wait until the specialist raises the bid price to make a profit. If this stock specialist, using his/her erperience and knowledge of the market, thinks the buying price may go down during the day, saving you money, this specialist can stop part or all of your order for 1,000 shares. Thus, the specialist risks his/her profit with this Stopped Order while guaranteeing that you will not pay more than 40 1 /4 per share. Professor Fletcher said the specialist's experience allows "the specialist to offer some services currently unavailable in existing computerized systems." His research

IHI

NIW YORI( STOCI( IXCHANGE

suggests that increased competition among alternative systems of exchange is a major factor in a specialist stopping an order. According to NYSE reports, Stopped Orders saved public investors $290 million in the year 1990 and at least $298 million in 1991. However, these savings represent foregone profits for the NYSE specialist.

Professor Fletcher argues his hypothesis

that "specialists are willing to stop orders and guarantee no worse a price since they are able to predict stock price movements over relatively short intervals." As he explains, the predictive ability is derived from the specialist's unique market position and serves to reduce the risk of making a market. The competition for order flow among alternative systems of exchange exerts pressure on the specialist to effectively lower transaction costs for the public. This translates into smaller profits for the specialist, but commensurate with the risk. Thus, supported by SIUE funding, Professor Fletcher's research addresses how the system of exchange will work in the future in the United States, which also will affect the worldwide market, and to what extent the increased competition affects the liquidity of our markets in this broader context.

Roy Fletcher

IUR|(EY PROVIDIS RI(H EXPERIENCE FOR FUTBRIGHT RECIPITNT omposition specialist Linda Laube, associate professor of English language and literature at SIUE, helps students learn the intricacies of writing and how to teach it. Beginning in September Igg2,Professor Laube taught a group of students in a situation different from her normal SIUE classroom because she received a Fulbright Scholar Program award to be a senior lecturer in a unique

M.A. program at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey, for one year. The Fulbright Scholar Program is sponsored by the ]. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board and the United States Information Agency OSIA). Professor Laube was one of approximately 1,800 U.S. grantees who traveled abroad for the 7992-93 academic year under the Fulbright Scholar Program, which is designed to increase understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries.

Joining three other Fulbright awardees, Professor Laube taught linguistics and English language teaching methods and supervised several theses. During her intensive year, she taught teachers of English not

only from Turkey but also from Azerbaijan and from Kazakhstan, all of whom were sponsored by USIA and the Turkish Fulbright Commission. One self-paying American student joined the group to create "one of the most motivated and enthusiastic groups of students" with whom Professor Laube has ever worked. Professor Laube said, "The experience only whetted my appetite for more." In fact, she received a Malone Faculty Fellowship sponsored by the National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations to participate in a two-week study trip to the United Arab Emirates and Oman from December 29, 1993, through January 15, 1994, thus expanding her teaching perspectives

even more.

AN INIEGRATED DESIGN-AID TOOI. 15 DEVILOPID FOR FI.EXIBI.E

n this hightech world, consumers want the latest products at the earliest

possible time. Because of this demand, many companies producing automobiles, electronic components, computers, and electric consumer products are designing or implementing flexible assembly systems (FASs). A growing number of product variations, shorter product life cycles, the need to react flexibly to short-term variations of demand, and a highly-competitive market necessitate more flexible production means. Design aids for FASs, however, have not been investigated sufficiently. Flexible and powerful design methods are needed to retain an overview of complex interdependencies among the various elements of FASs and to provide quickly a small number of good design alternatives. Heungsoon Felix Lee, assistant professor in the SIUE Department of Mechanical

Felix Lee

ASSililBTY SYSTEI'IS

and Industrial Engineering, and Kathryn E. Stecke of the School of Business Administration at the University of Michigan are

reacting to this need. Funded by a three-year

grant from the National Science Foundation, Professors Lee and Stecke are developing and testing an integrated design-aid tool for FASs to provide a small number of costeffective design alternatives quickly at the early design stage. The end product of this design-aid tool will be software that will implement their methodologY. This research could have a substantial economic impact. According to Professor Lee, the benefits of their proposed tool could be enormous in terms of reduction of design lead-time, budgetary savings, and better system performance.

SUPPORTING AGEl{CITS OF RISEAR(ll AND PROIE(TS

AI SIUE DURING IHT PAST THREE YEARS Federol

Illinois Power

Corporation for Public Broadcasting Fulbright-Hays National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities National Institute of Dental Research National Science Foundation National Science Foundation/The Curators of the University of Missouri National Science Foundation/Southern Illinois University at Carbondale National Science Foundation/University of Michigan National Writing Project

Juneau Associates, Inc.

Scott

Air Force Base

Small Business Administration U.S. Bureau of Mines U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Department of the Army U.S. Department of Education U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Health and Human

Maritz Marketing Research, Inc. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Company Milam Recycling and Disposal Nubreed, Inc. P.H. Wells and Associates, Inc. PRC, Inc.

Philadelphia Stock Exchange Pulitzer Publishing Company Profile Publications, Inc. Ralston Purina Company Research Corporation Schutt Manufacturing Southwestern Bell Corporation Strategic Marketing Research and Planning Stealth Technologies, Inc. Thompson and Mitchell Thouvenot, Wade & Moerchen, Inc.

Timken Company Union Electric Washington County Water Company Wehran Envirotech

Services/Washington University

Affairs Wildlife Service

U.S. Department of Veterans

Locol

U.S. Fish and

Alton Alton Alton Alton

toundotions The G.A. Jr. and Kathryn M. Buder Foundation Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, St. Louis Chapter Edward Chase Garvey Memorial Foundation Danforth Foundation Kellogg Foundation Research and Education Foundation of the American Association of Endodontists

Business/lnduslry Abbott Laboratories Ael Aero Corporation Andrews Environmental Engineering, Inc. Anheuser Busch, Inc. B elleuille N ews-D emocr at Booker Associates Clay Win{ield D.B.A. Hunter Pointe

Development Corporation Consolidation Coal Company Crescent Diversified Limited

D&L Landfill, Inc. Falcon Associates, Inc. Fleishman-Hillard, Inc. Freeman United Coal Mining Company Fuji Photo Film Fulf ord Construction, Inc. Globescope Publications, Inc.

Gundlach Machine Company Hurst-Rosche, Inc.

Illinois Bell

Community School District

#11

Park and Recreation Department

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City City City City City City City City City

Community Counseling Center, Alton East St. Louis Community Development Block Grant Office East St. Louis Community Fund, Inc. East-West Gateway Coordinating Council Education Service Center 16 Edwardsville-Glen Carbon Area United Way Fosterburg Water District Fraternal Order of Eagles

Granite City Fire Department

Commerce Clearing House Inc. and the Society

Greater Alton-Twin Rivers Growth Association

for Human Resource Management Cooperative Collection Management Coordinating Committee Council for International Exchange of Scholars Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce

Hillsboro Area Hospital Jerseyville School District The Housing Authority of the City of East St. Louis

Kaskaskia Water District Leadership Council of Southwestern Illinois Lessie Bates Davis Neighborhood House

Madison County Arts Council Madison County Community Development Madison County Employment and Training Department Madison County, Illinois Board Madison County, 708 Board Montgomery County, Illinois Board

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Authority

St. Clafu County Intergovernmental

Grants Department St. Joseph Health Center and St. Joseph

Hospital West Staunton Community Memorial Hospital Taylorville Community School District #3

Tri-Cities Area United Way

Tri-City Regional Port Authority Village of Alhambra Village of Aviston Village of Glen Carbon

and Industry Deutscher Akademischer-Austauschdienst Girls, Inc. Higher Education Center Hoyleton Youth and Family Services Illinois Council on Economic Education

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Missouri

State of

Tony Henson United Way of Greater St. Louis Stote

Illinois Illinois Illinois Illinois Illinois Illinois

Arts Council

Attorney General's Office Board of Higher Education Coalition Against Sexual Assault Coalition for Community Services

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Higher Education Lewis and Clark Community College Northern Illinois University Southern Illinois University at Carbondale/ Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs

Illinois Illinois Abandoned Mines State Universities Civil Service System University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Chicago State of

State of