Air Final Journal 727876 by SIYU SHEN

STUDIO AIR SEMESTER 2,2016 TUTOR :CAITLYN PARRY

STUDENT :SIYU SHEN 727876

a r

CONTENTS A A.0 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7

CONCEPTUALISATION

INRODUCTION DESIGN FUTURING DESIGN COMPUTATION COMPOSITION/ GENERATION CONCLUSION LEARNING OUTCOMES APPENDIX REFERENCES

2-3 6-11 12-21 22-33 34-35 36-37 38-41 42-43

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INTRODUCTION

|| SIYU SHEN || YEAR 2, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS,MAJOR IN ARCHITECTURE || MAINLAND, CHINA

My interest outsides of Architecture is travelling and photography. I love appreciating different styles of architecture and design since when I was a child. Architecture is my dreamy major since high school.Because it combines sicence and arts.It gave me a sense of mysterious. However,to me, actually this is a challenging field because neither my family nor I have design career or educational background. Yet, although I know nothing about â&#x20AC;&#x153;architectureâ&#x20AC;?. In my previous semesters I have done studios and other subjects mainly through hand drawings. Digital design and fabrication was the first subject to touch the digital design. Therefore, I am really looking forward to develop my skills in computation further and experience the benefits and capabilities. I strive to utilize digital technology to enrich my understanding of architecture, the creativity of design today and the future.

CONCEPTUALISATION

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D E S I G N

F U T U R I N G

CONCEPTUALISATION

DESIGN FUTURING IS REQUIRES HAVING A CLEAR SENSE OF WHAT DESIGN NEEDS TO BE MOBILIZED FOR OR AGAINST. EVEN MORE SIGNIFICANTLY, IT MEANS CHANGING OUR THINKING, THEN HOW AND WHAT WE DESIGN.” -TONY FRY

What is meant by design? What considers being a successful design? Design does not only come from what we see, but what we understand. As mentioned by Tony Fry in his book “ Design Futuring”, “whenever we bring something into being we also destroy something…” Design is solving problem. Currently, because of technology, we used to create an easy, convenient way of living with a short vision of addressing our needs. There are various problems, like over population. However, architects and designers need to not only design for themselves, but for the people and for our mother Earth. Perhas one of the best gifts Antonelli can imagine designers giving to the future of the human race is a greater capacity for empathy:’ A future left in the hands of a designer would be a future of compassion and of elegance with a certain degree of sadness because I think that most designer know where we’re headed.But there is also hope.We chould design a much sweeter ending for ourselves, and think respondibily of the species that will survive the human race.’ Design performs such as an important role in altering mind and cultivating behavior that it can actually make a difference and secure a future. However, in order to play the role effectively, design needs to undertake changes as well regarding design ethics and sustainability. Fry mentioned three main problems of current design: 1. No interfere to multi-graish renders a large amount of design stylized. 2. Most design are focus on economic profit rather than sustainment- orient.3. we should see man-made ecology. Fry talks about design futuring as reestablishment of design ethics and understanding of design as a world-changing force. In Australia, we strive to achieve 6 green star rating. It has become a symbol of sustainability. Before starting Studio Air, we should redefine the design. Following are two precedents, which can be considered as design futuring projects through their ways of criticizing the current system in place while inspiring a new way of design thinking.

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MUNICH OLYMPIC PARK

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CASE STUDY 1

PROJECT:1972 SUMMER OLYMPIC MUNICH OLYMPIC PARK LOCATION:MUNICH,GERMANY ARCHITECT :FREI OTTO

The 1972 Munich Olympic Park is a project of undulating mesh of acrylic panels suspended in tension by interconnecting steel cables and masts. The design strategy for the stadium sits somewhere between Gaudi’s hanging model for a chapel, and the advanced high-tech options of today, demonstrating the portability of parametric approaches to translating ideas to outcome. The material used with an expression of rigidity, through the system as a whole was transformed into curvaceous draping surfaces which is a strong expression of freedom.

Figure 1

The idea of weightlessness in architecture, floating id inherited and developed today. In addition, large spanning, efficient spaces built with minimum materials facilitate the aesthetic appearance. Frei Otto was the hero of groundbreaking lightweight architecture. The stadium roof was the pinnacle of Frei with tensile structures, bridged to and fro like a series of dancing spider’s webs, flying weightlessly above the stadium and extruded out. He’s pursuit of light weight, lighttouch architecture had been as a real revolutionary to its time. The Olympic Stadium could also be marked as a movement to be part of nature that still continues to be a goal today and far into the future.

Figure 2

1.Mark,B.(2016),’Amtoni Gaudi and Frei Otto: Essential Precursors to the Parametricism Manifesto’,Architecture Design,86:30-35.Doi:10.002/ad.2021

CONCEPTUALISATION

-“EVERYTHING MAN IS DOING IN ARCHITECTURE IS TO TRY TO GO AGAINST NATURE’’ -”OF COURSE WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND NATURE TO KNOW HOW FAR WE HAVE TO GO AGAINST NATURE. THE SECRET, I THINK, OF THE FUTURE IS NOT DOING TOO MUCH. ALL ARCHITECTURE HAVE THE TENDENCY TO DO TOO MUCH.’’

--FREI

In addition,Frei was a such exciting player in parametric debate. He gift us his deep understanding of and engagement to the rich matrix that structure and materials make together with the physical and biotechnical foundations of the natural world. The Munchi Olympic stadium inspired numerous other project, such as Great Court Glass Ceiling at the British Museum by Norman Foster, Eden projectby Nicholas Grimshaw, Millenium Dome by Richard Rogers.

Figure 3

CONCEPTUALISATION 15

GARDENDS BY THE BAY

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CASE STUDY 2

PROJECT:MAD BEIJING 2050 LOCATION:BEIJING ARCHITECT : DATE:UNBUILT

The two glass biome conservatories of Gardens by the Bay, ‘Flower Dome ‘and ‘Cloud Firest’in Singapore is a project underlined by principles of environmental sustainability, a seemingly contradictory statement when one thinks of an enormous greenhouse. With multiple ambitious projects like Fuller’s Dome over Manhattan, ‘glass domes’ and independent ecosystems are a notorious theme in modern architecture. Operability based the form of the two conservatories, which used grid shell system and radiating arches. Computation in the design process for these structures optimizes the benefits of forms and minimizing grid shell support sizes to result in very efficient structure allowing maximum sunlight.

1.Atelier One,Gardens by the Bay,Singapore,Cooled Consevatories,Supertrees&Aerial Walkways (Instructucte Structural Awards,2013) 2. Meredith,D.(2011),’Gardens by the Bay: Ecologicallt Reflective Designry’,Architecture Design,81:108-111 3 Anna Winston, Frei Otto :a life in projects. Frei Otto: the titan of tent architecture(2015)<https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecturedesign-blog/2015/mar/11/frei-otto-the-titan-of-tent-architecture>[ Accessesd 10 Aug 2016] 18

CONCEPTUALISATION

The interior is designed to take advantage of solar energy by accumulating warm air within the structure during winter. In addition, it would separate and recirculate wasting from plants, human beings. Cooling in the summer will be facilitated through natural ventilation and evapo-perspiration from the plants. The ability of an ecological city to be self-sustainable and to reduce waste and pollution by reuse of natural resources and biodegradable waste would therefore be an essential part of a stable, ecological future. It drives a self â&#x20AC;&#x201C;sufficient life style in urban area. Some other similar projects Nine-storey Urban farm by Kono in Tokyo.

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D E S I G N

CONCEPTUALISATION

C O P U T A T I O N

“IF I KNEW WHERE WAS GOING, I WOULDN’T DO IT. WHEN I CAN PREICT OR PLAN IT,I DON’T DO IT” FANK GEHRY

“When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmic concepts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as something different, then computation can become a true method of design for architecture. The most remarkable technological transformation is the invention of electronic computers in the mid 20th century Kalay (2004) argued that computing as a form of untiring and exact calculation in fluencies the design process by allowing us to create things easily distracted. Computation plays a major role in the design process, enhancing innovation and experiment. It has brought more opportunity to redefine designing thinking and practice. Some software, like Rhino 3D modeling, Grasshopper parametric modelers helps us to design new patterns, shapes easily and creatively. There is greater potential for geometrical and formal theoretical exploration via the program’s ability to flesh out visual form based upon the complex algorithms we have not had the ability nor time to comprehend. Computation has resulted in a multi-disciplinary approach towards architectural design with the incorporation of mathematics and science, amongst others. This is where computation comes in as a necessary step in design futuring. The works here will explore how architectural computation will provide autonomy in the design of spaces in the present.

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WHITE NOISE MUSIC PAVILION

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CASE STUDY 3

PROJECT: WHITE NOISE MUSIC PAVILION LOCATION: SALZBURG,AUSTRIA ARCHITECT:SOMA TIME:2011

This pavilion project designed by Soma Architecture is located in Salzburg,Austria. It is a temporary music pavilion for the Salzburg Biennale,a festival that will take place. The biennale’s program focuses on visual art and music. To evolve the structure, a parametric a parametric model was built in grasshopper which allows a multiplicity of solutions. The structure mainly consists of simple repetitive aluminum rods. The structure comprises abounidng arches,which are constructed with multiple layers of aluminum rods. And those layers are connected o each other with circular studs. The most essential concept and program involved in this project is called Karamba plug-in.This Grasshopper plug-in can be used to advance the structural performance through a series of calculations,which means this computational approach can give people the optimized result of the structure in the real world.

Figure 1. external surface

The figure 1 shows the form of the surface from the view of outside. Each distance between each structure is different. This is because of the parametric design. In addition, the optimisation task here involved selecting the elements orientation for minimum displacement under given loads at minimum total structural weight. For example, the Figure 5 shows the irregular layout of truss diagonals emerged from a genetic algorithm that optimised for structural performance and efficiency of material. Based on rule and variation, a theme that is inherent to both architecture and music,the structure features simple repetitious elements that provoke curiosity and entices visitors to enter a mass of single sticks merge into a singular.permeable structure that changes in its apperance throughout the day,according to the different light conditions. (Figure 3)

Figure 2 interior

1.Clemens,P.(2013),’Linking Structure and Parametric Geometry’,Architecture Design,83:110-113.Doi:10.002/ ad.1564 2. ”Soma:music pavilion salzburg biennale 2011”,designboom,2011 < http://www.designboom.com/ architecture/soma-music-pavilion-salzburg-biennale-2011/ >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016]

Figure 3

Figure 4

The parameterisation of the geometry was done entirely in Grasshopper, and the solution process handled by its built-inprobabilistic optimisation engine.

the pavillon can be divided into individual segments to adapt to different locations. The numeration of construction elements are all arranged by Grasshopper. It is easy for structual enginerrs to build the pavilion.Do not need waste time to calculate and count. The pavilion’s structure creates oscillating spatial effects

Figure 5

Figure 6 grashopper 1.Clemens,P.(2013),’Linking Structure and Parametric Geometry’,Architecture Design,83:110-113.Doi:10.002/ ad.1564 2. ”Soma:music pavilion salzburg biennale 2011”,designboom,2011 < http://www.designboom.com/ architecture/soma-music-pavilion-salzburg-biennale-2011/ >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016]

CONCEPTUALISATION 25

HANGZHOU OLYMPIC SPORTS CENTER

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

CASE STUDY 4

PROJECT:HANGZHOU OLYMPIC SPORTS CENTER LOCATION:HANGZHOU,CHINA ARCHITECT :NBBJ TIME:2011

Computational design is applied in the design on Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre. The exterior geometry is very fluid and flexible. NBBJ used computational design tools during schematic design and design development to refine the competition design and explore how best to maximize the fan experience, use less material such as steel and model energy performance. It was used Rhino 3d software and grasshopper to generate the bowl’s truss configuration. The stadium exterior is made up of a series of unique repetitive truss modules, or petals, that enclose the stadium bowl. They constitute some symmetrical B-spline from list of control point that made arcs with a mirrored process.

Moreover, it used by adjusting parameters such as the number of rows, distance from the field and sightline standards, the bowl geometry takes shape. Meanwhile, by linking the steel shell and concrete bowl together, and by providing additional structure at the top of the bowl to reduce the roof cantilever, the steel and concrete systems work in unison-thus reducing overall steel use. Thus, cost of materials, energy, labor and construction time was reduced.

In addition, generative design process defined loose geometric rules; multiple variations could be created and evaluated during design development. With using grasshopper, it based on algorithm design, it requires iterations during the design process. Thus it maximizes the design quantity and quality of design outcome. Various possibility of design is discovered in short time. They are logical and acceptable rather than produce many unknown drawing costing long time.

1. ”Case Study:Computational Design of Hangzhou Tennis Center ”,acadia,2013 < http://www.arch2o.com/ case-study-computational-design-hangzhou-tennis-center/ >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016] 2. ”The Hangzhou Tennis Center ”,acadia,2011 < http://9.acadia.org/papers/T6KK2N >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016]

CONCEPTUALISATION

“2/3 less steel than a stadium of comparable size and cpacity” -NBBJ,2014

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C O M P 0 S I T I O N 30

CONCEPTUALISATION

G E N E R A T I O N

WE’ARE THE ONES WHO PUSH THE BUTTONS, WE’ARE THE ONES WHO PROVIDE THE DATA, WE ‘ARE THE ONES WHO ACTUALLY DRIVE IT.. -SAFFET KAYA BEKROGLU OF ZAHA HADID ARCHITECT

Compositional design is the composition of components and elements of a design as it literally says. However, generative design is defined as the practice of design and it allows for complexity within design because of the extended analytical abilities in use of computers . Therefore, generative design will has much more potential to provide possibilities than compositional design. The implementation of algorithmic modelling -and thinking - in the creative field has given rise to the practice of generative design: “ MODELLING OF INITAL CONDITONS OF AN OBJECT(IT ‘S ‘GENETICS’)INSTEAD OF MODELLING THE FINAL FORM.’’ The establishment of generative design has allowed the architect to become the mathematician. With a base understanding of what effect these discreet units of code will have on a digital form. Brady Peter metioned that generated designs based on a series of set rules can then be studied by architects or designs and then subjectively judged base.

CONCEPTUALISATION 31

SILK PAVILION

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CASE STUDY 5

PROJECT:SILK PAVILION TIME:2013 ARCHITECT :MIT MEDIA LAB

The images shows the dome structure that is transformed into a shorten icosahedron with computational tool that lead to 2D fabrication of a 3D structure. Tool paths are generated to enable CNC weaving of the pavilion template. The gaps on the structure are informed by environmental data and silkworm motion-range mapping.

It becomes clear that while generative design is indeed ingrained in the modern day and here to stay,it is by no means impossible to draw from methods of old in the search for innovation,

Figure 1

The project is a unique image of generative design. Through accurate testing and research, we know how silkworms interact with their surrounds. In addition, varying 3D spaces were investigated, with varying conditions. The computational form process depended totally upon the use of computational form-finding and algorithmic modeling in the creation of initial structure of various density. Through this design process, the finished pavilion could as a functional space for human use.

Figure 2

1.Neri.O,Jorge D.,Steven K,Ben, P and Elizabeth T.(2014),’Towards Robotic Swarm Printing’,Architecture Design,84:108-115.Doi:10.002/ad.1764 2. Neri.O.(2015),’Templating Design for Biology for Design’,Architecture Design,85:100-107.Doi:10.002/ad.1961 3.”Silk Pavilion”,Massachuserrs Institute of Technology,2013 < http://matter.media.mit.edu/environments/details/silk-pavillion>[ accessed 10 Aug 2016] 3,’SILK Pavilion/MIT Media Lab’,ArchDaily,2013< http://www.archdaily.com/384271/silk-pavilion-mit-media-lab>[ accessed 10 Aug 2016]. 34

CONCEPTUALISATION

The Silk Pavilion explores the digital order and natural disorder.And can be understood as reaction by MIT to the use of computational methods in design: “FORM BECOMES A MORPHOGENETIC. A PRIORI, THE FORMS CHOSEN IN ORDER TO INSTANTIATE (INCARNER) ARCHITECTUER ONLY BEING THE DEFINITION OF A STATE OF SINGULARITY IN A CONTINUUM OF PERPETUAL EVOLUTION.”

Figure 3

1.Neri.O.(2015),’Templating Design for Biology for Design’,Architecture Design,85:100-107.Doi:10.002/ad.1961 2.SILK Pavilion/MIT Media Lab’,ArchDaily,2013< http://www.archdaily.com/384271/silk-pavilion-mit-media-lab>[ accessed 10 Aug 2016]. 3. Andrew Benjamin, Writing Art And Architecture (Melbourne:re.press,2016),p.80

CONCEPTUALISATION 35

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER

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CASE STUDY 6

PROJECT: LOCATION:BEIJING,CHINA ARCHITECT :ZAHA HADID & PATRIK SCHUMACHER

Zaha hadid’s Haydar Aliyev Center in Azerbaijan, is a very velar example of computational design. And it is a wholly a generative design. Parametric design ability could deal with complex geometries.

In this case, the fluid relationship between the building and the landscape is obviously seen. Because the it is calculated precisely.

1.Patrik,S.(2009),’Parametric Patterns’,Architecture Design,79,28-41.Doi:10.002/ad.976 2. Patrik,S.(2009),’Parametricsm :A new global style for Architectuer and Urban design’,Architecture Design,79,14-231.Doi:10.002/ad.976

CONCEPTUALISATION

Behind the homogenous skin which is construction logic, technical systems are required to concern. It is multi-disciplinary engagement. In this case, a new language of architecture appeared -“columnfree”, in order to achieve this new design, innovative approach and solution such as” boot columns” and “dovetail’ tapering of the cantilever beams has been used. In addition, those complex structures highly enquire advanced computing for the continuous control and communication among tha participants for this project.

The design process of this project consisited of generative methods used in the combination of the traditional mode of sketching and physically modelling .Computation was be the ultra-precise numerical control the efficient and rational skin structure, thereby reducing any unknows. In an interviewwith Dezeen, Zaha Hadid Architect “SOMTETIMES I BELIEVE THAT THERE’S A CERTAIN RELATOINSHIP BETWEEN THE EYE AND THE HAND THAT IS IMPROVISED; THERE IS ENERFY THAT SKETCHES HAVE. IT’S NOT LIKE WE ARE RESTRICTING OURSELVES TO ONLY THE COMPUTER...IT’S MORE ABOUT THE THOUGHT AND INTENTION THAN THE TOOL FOR US’’

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CONCLUTION

After Part A Conceptualization,I have got deeper understanding on what computation and algorithm are. In terms of design futuring,it gives me a insight of what kind of era we are living in.Human are facing a series of problems.The design futuring ideas can help people with minimize the use of unrenewable resources.And ,computation is the best way to achieveing nowadays. Computation can provide much more possibilities and achieve statisfacotry outcome to deal with complex issues. In current time,parametric thinking and generative architecture shuould be stepping out form their novelty,they should be fully embraced and integrated to the design practices,procedure and teaching .

In the first three weeks, I realized tjat spftwares and computational aids will be used commonly in futureand those are really beneficial to achieve human innovative ideas. With the introduction to Grasshopper, I found it is very convenient to create geometry that previously unrealisable,The reading and learning also made me reflect myself in previous deisgn works. In addition, I realised my current skills and understanding is scarce to use computation approaches to achieve my goal. But I will try my best to build up more throughout the rest of the semester.

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APPENDIX -ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

BOX MORPH -SURFACE enquire advanced computing for the continuous control and communication among tha participants for this project.

VORNORI -MESHES

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P a

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B CONCEPTUALISATION 45

CONTENTS B B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8

CONCEPTUALISATION

RESEARCH FIELD CASE STUDY 1.0 CASE STUDY 2.0 TECHNIQUE :DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE : PROTOTYPE TECHNIQUE :PROPOSAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES APPENDIX-ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

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B 1.0 RESEARCH FIELD STRIP & FOLDING

“WITHOUT MATHEMATICS WE CANNOT PENETRATE DEEPLY INTO PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY WE CANNOT PENETRATE DEEPLY INTO MATHEMATICS. WITHOUT BOTH WE CANNOT PENETRATE DEEPLY INTO ANYTHING.” ---- LEIBNIZ

I selected this as my case study due to its porous nature.I think strip and folding has potential exploration on organic form generation. Strips and folding in digital design is not only aesthetic but a medium derived from physics and mathematics into a design solution. Seroussi Pavilion by Biothing clearly shows the material system of strips and folding. It uses adaptive mathematical logics that allows for localized differentiation where the mathematics electro-magnetic fields are used to derive the form. Electro magnetic fields(EMF) are conceptualized as primary vector points to cultivate different possibilities where attraction / and repulsion of field charges are manipulated. Using mathematical rationale,different frequencies of sine function are further incorporated to manipulate its form. Seroussi Pavilion demonstrates the possibilities of a simple and yet visually appealing structure.

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B2 CASE STUDY 1.0 BIOTHING PAVILION ITERATIONS

SPECIES 1: ADUJST ORIGINAL SLIDER AND BASE GEOMETRY

CURVE

DIVIDE

CIRCLE

SPECIES 2: ADJUST GRAPH MAPPER

SPECIES 3: APPLY POINT CHARGE AND SPIN FORCE

POINT CHARGE

MERGE FIELD

DIVIDE

FIELD LINE

RANGE DEFINITION OF DE YOUNG MUSEUM CHANGE IMAGE, AND DIVIDE SURFACE,AND THEN CONNECT TO POINTCHARGE.CICRLE GENERATE IN DIFFERENT RADIUS BASED ON THE IMAGE BRIGHTNESS AND THE IMAGE SMAPPLE DATA WILL BE CONNECT TO THE FILED LINE. SPECIES 6: IMAGE SAMPLE

CONCEPTUALISATION

SPECIES 4: SOLID

MOVE

CURVE

DIVIDE

GRAPH MAPPER

INTERPLATE

LOFT

MULTIPLACATION

PROJECT

SURFACE SPECIES 5 : CURVE ON DIFFERENT SURFACE

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B2 CASE STUDY 1.0 BIOTHING PAVILION ITERATIONS SPECIES 1 GRAPH MAPPER

SPECIES 1 GRAPH MAPPER Parabola

Square Root

SPECIES 2

Spin force

Spin force add point charge, negative charge

Spin force add more 3d point charg positive charge

SPECIES 3 Linear

Perlin+ Sine Summation Patch

SPECIES 4 SURFACE

SPECIES 5 SURFACE

CONCEPTUALISATION

Extrude

ge, Verical line ,spin force ,point charge, vector force.

CONCEPTUALISATION 55

A. This iteration apply soin aforce and point charge.It shows circulation of the fieldline. I the form of this iteration is very interst.But it is highly diffucult to relate to Merri Creek and garment.

C.There is high interactive and responsive potential for this design. This form is created from graph mapping. At a relaxed state,unlike the original pavilion,the modules cups downwards. This create much more volume for person and really freedom.

CONCEPTUALISATION

B.This species makes use of newly introduced attractor points to alter the way in which field lines can move. I think this iteration has potential. This reminds me that many strips could create volume and that could seem as a pattern.

D. The original geometry was projected onto a new introduced lofted surface. This overall form reminds me the the bone form of the back.

SELECTION CRITERIA -BUILDABLE Can the iteration be easily fabricated, or altered in order to be buildable? Unexpected results will be produced during the computation process. Some incredible forms will come out, for example, unsupported structure. Therefore, considering the possibility, the efficiency in fabricating/building process is important. -CONTEXTUAL Is the iteration contextual applicable to the design breif :garment or Merric Creek -AESTHETIC IS THE ITERATED FORM COMPLEX IN DESIGN THE OUTCOME SHOULD ATTRACT ATTENTION, IN ORDER TO BUY THE “GARMENT”.

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B2 CASE STUDY 1.0 BIOTHING PAVILION ITERATIONS

ICD/IKTE 2010 PAVILION

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B3 CASE STUDY 2.0

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 is a bending-active parametric design sits in the University of Stuttgart. This research pavilion has investigated the new possibility of structural and architecture form through computation and numeric simulation both of the structural frames and the materialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance based on the elastic properties of timber. The strips were arched in tension and the interconnection between each strip were arched in tension and the interconnection between each strip, the form becomes self- supportive due to its stiffness in structure. In the age of mass consumption and waste, this method of designing creates possibilities for the design future,that strive to minimize use of materials, ultimately reducing unwanted material.

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B3 CASE STUDY 2.0

STEP1

STEP 2

STEP 3

Create three circle

Create the arc which connect to each circle.

Apply Graph Mapper to adjust the curve in order creat undulating curve.

Curve

Divide Curve

Explode Tree

Arc 3 Points

Divide Curve

Range

CONCEPTUALISATION

STEP 4 In order to create the effect that two overlapping and undulating strips attach to each other. i create another system. That has apply different graph mapper.

Move

Loft

Graph Mapper

Multiplication Z

CONCEPTUALISATION 61

CHANGE THE POSITION OF CIRCLE

CHANGE THE GRAPH MAPPER

APPLY POINT CHARGE

APPLY SPIN FORCE AND POINT CHARGE

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CHANGE THE BASE GEOMETRY

CHANGE THE CURVE SHAPE

PATCH THE CURVE

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SELECTION CRITERIA -BUILDABLE Can the iteration be easily fabricated, or altered in order to be buildable? Unexpected results will be produced during the computation process. Some incredible forms will come out, for example, unsupported structure. Therefore, considering the possibility, the efficiency in fabricating/building process is important. -CONTEXTUAL Is the iteration contextual applicable to the design breif :garment or Merric Creek -AESTHETIC Is the iterated form complex in design. The outcome should outcome should attract attention, in order to stimulate buying inclinations.

A.I Change the original curve position. This iteration looks very continuous. The shape and the angle could looks like a person’s arm, can be consider in further design. B.This iteration creates a easy imitating frame form. It is a highly buildable form. C.Applying point charge and spin force. It looks like a person dancing. The continious line create space and volume. It could be a overall form a “garment”. But, it might be very difficult to fabricate. D. The shape of this iteration looks like the “wing”.

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B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPE 1

In order to relate to my case study 2.0 ICD/ITKE Pavilion 2010. I intend to test the performance of strips and its ability to be structurally self-supportive. First of all, I tried to test the ability that how can let two strips twist with each other without other support material. It shows that have to support by another same material of strip. And I use paper clip and eyelet kit to fix them. Secondly, I tried to use more strips to create more volume. I cut several strips and try to weave them form a vault. To create a spherical module which has triangular gaps throughout the surface. The same as the former approach, to connect the ends of every strips to fix them with eyelet kit and paper clip. However, to compare the two types of “end” approach: The paper clip is still not that fixed. The eyelet kit is not only could fix every strips but also it could allow each this pattern that combined with strips to connect. This prototype reminds me that strips could create a “pattern” and can create much more volume. For further development, I can create multiple “pattern”and connect together. Overall,after testing this material, I think I need change another hard and strong material of strips to test again, like timber veneer. Because the cardboard is very easy to be broken. In addition, timber veneer as unwanted waste material is much more relate to our brief.

CONCEPTUALISATION

This prototype shape could put on the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shoulder.

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B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPE 2

Material selection: MDF- Frame Transparent tubing- Infill MDF part controls the overall form of this prototype. It let transparent tubing could be supported each themselves but also supported on the human body. The design idea of this model is that the transparent tubing could let liquid through in. This idea could relate to the water pollution and discolouration in Merri Creek. The liquid could be colourful. For example,the alga in water is green. I intent to design a dynamic garment, water could go across through in the human body. However, there are several problem should be concerned; The â&#x20AC;&#x153;end â&#x20AC;&#x153;of the tubing , I tried several method,e.g. rubber band, cable tie and string wire. They all not working successfully. So, I designed and 3d printed one. This one is not only could plug up the liquid in order to make a circulation ofl liquid. But also fix the tubing in the frame. However, to be honest, this one is also not looking good and the size of this is not accurate. I would try best to improve in the next stage.

CONCEPTUALISATION

This prototype could wear on the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s arm.

Play with light and shadow. CONCEPTUALISATION 71

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPE 3

Conceptually, I strive to use recycled materials to do the prototype. And I searched that the Merri Creek has deforestation problem. So I tried to use rattan to do.

20 40 60 80 Minimum Radius Bending

Radius (mm)

I experiment the rattan that is a type of pipe. First of all, I test its material performance. Different size of rattan has different bending performance. And I searched that the rattan after merging into water, the curvature would be larger and also could increase the fiction of them that easy to attach to each themselves. From this prototype I tried to research the connection of the pipe strips. 1. I used cable tie first, but not that successful. Because it is too flexible cannot to fix a form. 2. I tried to design a joint that could create an opportunity that each neighbouring rattan could join together and create a form. This joint is designed and 3D printed to connect different size of rattan. Overall, I think pipe strip is very difficult to fabric.

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 73

B.6. Tehcnique:Proposal

CONC

NEED TO CONSIDER THE CONNECTION,CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURAL FORM. THE OVERALL FORM NEED TO BE FLEXIBLE AND COMFORTABLE.

FABRICATION NEED TO CONSIDER THE CLIENT WEARING FEELING. BECAUSE THE CLIENT ARE CHILDREN, CONSIDERING THE SAFETY. SO, AVOID SHARP JOINT AND CONNECTION,LIKE CLIPS,NAILS AND SO ON.

GARM

CONCEPTUALISATION

B.8. APPENDIX

CONCEPTUALISATION 81

B.6. Tehcnique:Proposal

Pollution in Merri Creek

CONCEPTUALISATION

The Merri Creek Management Committee(MCMC)identify the two most pressing issues for the Merri Creek are pollution and litter. Especially,we should be alert the water discolouration in Merri Creek. My Design Brief: -A garment that fabricated by unwanted waste and recycled material. The garment could remind people to concern pollution problem. Client: Children from Early Learning Centre

CONCEPTUALISATION 75

CEPT

MENT

THICK STRIPS TIMBER VENEER

MATERIALITY

SUSTAINABLE FOUND MATERIALS E.G. UNWANTED WASTE AND RECYCLED MATERIALS. THE MATERIAL IS COMFORTABLE IS BETTER.

PIPE

KEEP THE IDEA OF PROTOTYPE 2, TRANSPARENT TUBING

PURPOSE

TRY TO RESEARCH FOUND A MATERIAL THAT COULD BE LIQUID AND SOLID. AND THEN INJECT IN THE TUBING TO SUPPORT BY THEMSELVES. AND THE LIQUID ALSO WOULD BE COLOURFUL. EDUCATIONAL: REMIND US TO CONCERN POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND ENHANCE THE AWARENESS OF PROTECT ENVIRONMENT. UNIFORM: TO EASY RECOGNISE

CONCEPTUALISATION 77

CONCEPT FORM+GEOMETRY.

CONCEPT MATERIALITY

From the interim presentation feedback from tutor and guest tutor, perhaps try an tubes together.Or, inject something into them to keep the form. The large Mdf par intresting and have potebtial to develop. So, i searched that there is a fluid called exmaples of non-Netonian fluids. For instance, ketchup flows more easily when w with applied stress. But i still need to test it first and try to use it into my design. I al materials installation. Try to find other intreset idea. In addition, i also searched so

CONCEPTUALISATION

nd to use the small size MDF, then just weave the transparent rt is not looking good,but the inner transparent part is d â&#x20AC;&#x153;non-newtonian fluid,e.g toothpaste and paint are we press the tube harder,the viscosity of ketchup decreases lso researched other unwanted waste and recylced ome interesting form to improve my deisgn form.

CONCEPTUALISATION 79

B.7. Learning outcome

Some abilities have developed after learning and practicing of Part B. Objective 2:” devloping “an ability to generae a variety of design possibilities for a given situation” During generating multiple iterations to my reverse engineered iterations, I began using grasshopper much more comfortable.It, to large extent,improve my skill. I began exploding the potentials of attractor points, geometry etc. Objective 3:”skills in various 3D media” I experimented with a vast range of media including graphic communication through journal and sketchbook, physical modeling through prototyping and digital communication through rhino and grasshopper. Objective 7:” develop foundational understandings of computational geometry,data structures and types of programming,” Through weekly online videos and studio,I start to see the potential of digital design and further broaden the scope of development, I start to be able implement a programmatic mode of thinking into my design process.

CONCEPTUALISATION

P a

CONCEPTUALISATION

C CONCEPTUALISATION 83

C 1.1 Design Concept C 1.2.1 Design Process : Computation Design / Baseplate C 1.2.2 Design Process : Computation Design / Strips

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 85

C 1.1 Design Concept

Siyu’s Part B deisgn prototype

REFLECTION: COMMENTS / SUGGESTIONS? CHANGES: PROPOSAL, CONCEPTUAL OR TECHNIQUE For myself, from the three design prototypes in part b, I think the second one is relatively satisfy. For the feedback from tutor and gest tutor of that prototype. The Mdf part that control the transparent tubing to create a form. But I need to escape the MDF material in order to make tubing can weave by themselves. Because the Mdf part is not that good looking. Because I try to create the whole form looks like soft, as a beauty of lines. Therefore, I need to strive let “strips” can support and weave by themselves.

GROUP IDEA COLLECTION: Part C is group work. So, firstly, our group member (Siyu Shen, Aaron He, Fersula and Meina Li) briefly combined our ideas and tectonics together and discussed our further design direction. Meina’s Part B deisgn prototype

CONCEPTUAL Meina and I did “Strip” in part b research filed, while Aaron and Fersula did “Pattern” in part b. We try to combine our idea and concept together. Strip, gradation, curvature, repeating unit, colourful, elastic moving, regularity logic and intriguing. All in all, Strip is the most fundamental element applied in our garment. Through the site visit and photos researched in internet. We can see the colour in Merri Creek is quite monotonous. There are just dry branches, fallen leaves and unclean creek because government and people did not concern the environmental protection and management.

Fersula’s Part B deisgn

Therefore, we intended to make a beautiful dress that is impressively colourful to add the colour in Merri Creek. And it would be a little moving during walking, textured with lightness, half transparency and also density, intriguing looking but with regularity logic.

Aaron’s Part B deisgn prototype 86

CONCEPTUALISATION

Strip

Curvature

Pattern

Repeating

Colourful

A BloomingDress

Gradation Moving

Intriguing

CONCEPTUALISATION 87

C 1.2 Design process : computation BASEPLATE:

Pattern gradation

We intend use designed base plate to connect the strips. We decide apply Fersula â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s part B gradation polygon and selected different size of polygon to as base plate.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Base body mesh

All the polygons

Selected point on body mesh

Selected gardiant polygons

CONCEPTUALISATION 89

C 1.2 Design process : Computation design / Strips

CONCEPTUALISATION

Strips: strip layers We try to create more volume, after all, our design brief is to design a garment. Therefore, the human body should be covered. And we think overlapping layers could create much more density .In our design we try to create three layers strips. They are have different weave grade. The inner one is the most appressed layer. And the other two layers much fluffier. The outer layer has large radian to create more personal volume. In addition, the lower part of the dress would be design looks like bubble skirt. Furthermore, the whole form of the dress is gradation. The size of the lower part is bigger than upper part.

In onebunch of the 3 layers strips: 1st layer length =X 2nd layer length = X+X/4=Y 3rd layer length =Y+Y/4=Z

CONCEPTUALISATION 91

C 1.2 Design process : Computation design / Strips 1 2

Disp

Mesh evaluate Body Mesh

Front body

List item

Cu Baseplate (Polygo

Selected point on mesh Z-aix plane Point Back body

Distance Remap Numbers

Construction Domain Scale Offset

The human body be divided by two pieces (front body and back body).And we operate them seperately. Firstly, we need derive a human body mesh,and then selcted point on mesh.Secondly, we need make polygons on the body and change to different size of polygon to follow our design concept. divide the polygon curve to select point to create arc from the distance of two polygons. Fourthly, we need to lofy the curve loft the curve through apply the plane. 92

CONCEPTUALISATION

patch

urve on)

List item

Point list

Offset

Curve

Divided curve List item

List item Curve

Param viewer

Loft

Divided curve Arc 3 point

Explode Tree Plane 3pt

Move Vector 2pt

Plane offset

1.Front or back body strips and polygons. 2.Each polygons connected strips 3.Loft the arc between two polygons CONCEPTUALISATION 93

C 1.2 Design process : computation

1st layer

CONCEPTUALISATION

2nd layer

3rd layer

CONCEPTUALISATION 95

CONCEPTUALISATION

2 C 2.1 Colour Study C 2.2 Strips C 2.3 Baseplate C 2.4 Connection Research C 2.5 Assemble diagram

CONCEPTUALISATION 97

C 2.1 Colour Study

CONCEPTUALISATION

We tested all of colour of polypropylene. (White, Black, Orange, Red, Pink, Purple and Blue.) Firstly we discussed and researched colour matching online. And we found an impressive pavilion that was located in National gallery of Victoria (NGV) in 2015 Summer Architecture Commission designed by John Wardle Architects (JWA). It was used pink, orange and purple. I visited the pavilion before, also be attracted the colour matching and the shadow of the colour also is very amazing. Therefore, we chose Pink and orange as the colour. In addition, we chose white colour as the inner layer stripsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; colour, because the inner layer is the most appressed layer and the white is better to show the shadow clearly.

CONCEPTUALISATION 99

C 2.2 Strips Material Polypropylene Characteristc : Hard.( hard to break) Elastic& Plasticity&Flexible.( Can be bend and to create various shape) Three layers have different patterns: 1st layer (White colour): just a strip 2nd layer (Pink colour): gradation pattern 3rd layer (Orange): the middle of strip be cut off by single blow but do not cut entirely. In order to looks denser and interlace. Pattern Study

2nd layer ( Pink Strip) Pattern -Voronoir

2nd layer ( Pink Strip) laser cut -Voronoir gradiation

100

CONCEPTUALISATION

Problem: 1. We concerned the pattern on the second strip is quite simple. We need develop the grasshopper script. 2. The problem of laser cut. The white and orange polypropylene can be cut fully and the cut edge are all quite neat. However, the pink polypropylene cannot be cut fully. The Fablab staff said the pink colour is quite difficult to focus. In addition, another reason is the pattern on the pink strip are quite dense. Thus, due to the laser cut problem, we have to spend a lot of time to cut by knife again. Furthermore, the cut edge are quite coarse.

CONCEPTUALISATION 101

C 2.3 Baseplate

Material: Black Perspex Process: We laser cut some different size of polygons. Big polygons are hollow out in order to looks not that big because for our garment we should focus on strips rather than the baseplate. So, the base do not too observably. Some small polygons are solid.

102

CONCEPTUALISATION

Problems: 1.After we did some prototypes, we found that the holes on the baseplate are too much. And the distance are not that suitable. When we install the connection with strips, the connection and connection were crowed each other. 2.In addition, we found that, the six corners of polygon should avoid has holes. Because it would be easy to be broken.

CONCEPTUALISATION 103

C 2.4 Connection Research Eyelet:

Bolt&Nuts:

Blind Rivets:

104

CONCEPTUALISATION

Appearance Firmness Flexible Assemble

Advantage: 1.looks very neat. The colour is black. 2.Flexible. The strips can freely unfold to create a much more full form. 3.Convenience. During the process of making prototype, we can tear down them on baseplate if we want to change the strips place. The eyelet can repeat use them.. Disadvantage: 1.The eyelets always fall off, cannot fix on baseplate firmly. Because the thickness of our Eyelet is not long enough with our baseplate. 2.Easy to be broken,when we install. We need to press the eyelet down by using tool.

Appearance Firmness Flexible Assemble

Advantage: It is not only very firm but also quite flexible. The bolt and nuts are difficult to fall off. Disadvantage: The colour of the bolt and bots are silver, is not that looks good compared with eyelet. We need use screwdriver to install them on the baseplate.

Advantage: It is very firm. Do not need to consider the thickness. We can cut down the extra part. Disadvantage: The colour of the rivets is silver, not good looking. It is quite complicate to install. Not flexible, strips cannot unfold freely. Cannot tear down. Cannot change the strips place. If we made wrong place, the whole base plate is useless.

CONCEPTUALISATION 105

C 2.5 Assemble diagram

3rd layer

2nd layer

1st layer

Nut

Baseplate

Bolt

106

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 107

108

CONCEPTUALISATION

3 C3.1 Development - Pattern Strip

C3.2 Development - Baseplate C3.3 Development - Connection C3.4 Final Model Process C3.5 Final Model C3.6 Further development

CONCEPTUALISATION 109

C3.1 Development - Pattern Strip

Pattern development Surface

Populate Geometry Explode

Mesh Surfa Ruled Surface

Voronoi

Scale

Explode

Polygon center Curve

Pull

Remap Bounds

Domain

Original Pattern

Iteration :Developed Pattern 110

CONCEPTUALISATION

Seleceted pattern lines

ace

Weaverbird triangle subdivision Weaverbird picture frame

Mesh edge

Curve Face boundaries

Colour scheme development: 11mm

7mm

We discussed and ask other classmates try to find a best colour scheme. Finally, we decided apply white,pink and semi-transparent.Because we think orange colour is too eye-catching. We wish focus on pink.

Strip Head development: From the previous prototype, we aware the size of the strip head with the hole size are not that suitable. ( Some strips were stuck) So we change the strip head shape, makes the head more narrow but do not change the strip body width. The good idea is inspired by our Part B reverse engineering case study( ICD-ITKE Pavilion 2010)

11mm

7mm CONCEPTUALISATION 111

C3.2 Development - Baseplate

Because our baseplate has various size. We concerned about this issue in C2 prototype. We make some big baseplate hollow out. In our final model, we decide dig a hole on some big baseplate, because we want to stick a â&#x20AC;&#x153;strip flowerâ&#x20AC;? in the center of the plate.

112

CONCEPTUALISATION

C3.3 Development - Connection

We decide use bolts and nuts. Because we want to make our strip much denser. In C2 protype, concerd that the disadavantage of bolts and nuts. They are silver colour and our baseplate is balck colour, no that good looking .So we paint the bolt and nut to black colour. In addition, the thickness of the eyelet is not thick enough. (diagram better.) Because, in our prototype, we stick 1 strip of each layer (3 strips totally) in a hole. But, now in final model, there are 3 strips of 1st layer (5 strips totally)

CONCEPTUALISATION 113

C3.4 Final Model Process

114

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 115

C3.4Final Model Process

23mm

B’

23mm

30mm

F G 35mm

J K

L N

T 35mm

I’ H’

35mm

M’

40mm

N’

50mm 50mm

Q’ 30mm

S’

T’

35mm

U’

L’

23mm

K’

45mm

50mm

30mm

23mm

P’

F’

40mm

23mm

30mm

G’

I H

C’

E’

35mm

A’

V’

W 45mm

X Y

40mm

X’ Y’

N’ 50mm

Problems: 1. During fabric our final model, we need assemble hundreds of strips together. Importantly, the length and of strips and baseplate that place different body parts are different. We did not label on each strip and baseplate for cause of neat. Thus, we spend a lot of time to tab them by ourselves. In addition, when we join the baseplate and strips together, we also need to check and which strips located where part. In order to increase the efficiency, we draw the distribution diagram.

116

CONCEPTUALISATION

2. Our connection (bolts and nuts) still should be improved. Although we tried our best to relatively suitable size of bolts and nuts. (Not only suitable radiant, but also length of bolts) In addition, we also tried our best to screw them down tightly. However, they still would fall down sometimes especially, when people wearing them and moving. All in all, these problems from fabrication arouse the awareness for me, that design is not only creating beauty, just concern the appearance. The feasibility, durability, construction possibility and the adaptability are much more important. In conclusion, in this design and fabrication process, I realize that designing a garment through computational design, is not unrelated to architecture. On the contrary, I aware that “garment” actually is a little “architecture”. It can be wear and experience. The client and environment of site are human self. Therefore, through fabrication, we can easy to find problems and then to improve and figure out.

CONCEPTUALISATION 117

C3.5 Final Model

118

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 119

120

CONCEPTUALISATION

C3.6 Further development

Anything need to improve? 1. The overall style of our dress are smooth. The dress is to show the beauty of strips. However, the baseplate (polygon) is not that suitable. Because its geometry shape is quite rigid. If the baseplate and overall strips can unify will be better. My thought: The baseplate can be made by strips. 2. In fact, our final model are not that same as we imagine and digital model showed. Because, when the digital model be fabricated, we ignored the weight of strips and baseplates. The weight of each strips and baseplate would lead to overall dress droop. Therefore, the final dress is larger and longer than the digital model. My thought: We need to measure the weight of the polypropylenes of each strips and Perspex of each baseplate. And apply to grasshopper plug in- kangaroo to figure out. 3. Curvature is one of our concept element. But â&#x20AC;&#x153;curvatureâ&#x20AC;? is not that obvious express in our dress. Although, the dress is up small and down big. ( like a bubble dress) But still not that obvious. My thought: We can develop our dress more curvature on the basis of human body curvature.

CONCEPTUALISATION 121

C4 Learning Outcomes

Parametric design Studio Air taught me how to design through computation software especially for repetitive and complex elements, but also let me to see much more possibility design expression I can do and arouse me much more design ideas. The computation design can simulate our real life. It forces parametric design can be a powerful tool for fabrication. Fabrication Fabrication is very important part to test the feasibility of our parametric design. The computation software, to some extent, can be a useful tool to fabrication process. Prototype testing is a fundamental process in fabrication, it might change the design techniques and approaches. It can help us to find the problems we cannot see in digital model. Thus, we can solve the hiding problems. All in all, studio air allow me to experiment like I never did before. It Improve various skill: making prototype, computation software (Rhino, Grasshopper, Illustrator, InDesign, Photoshopâ&#x20AC;Ś), design thinking and so on. In addition, I would like additionally thank our tutor Caitlyn and all of my group members who assistant me in this semester study.

122

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 123

REFERENCE Patrik,S.(2009),’Parametric Patterns’,Architecture Design,79,28-41.Doi:10.002/ad.976 Patrik,S.(2009),’Parametricsm :A new global style for Architectuer and Urban design’,Architecture Design,79,14-231.Doi:10.002/ad.976 1.Neri.O,Jorge D.,Steven K,Ben, P and Elizabeth T.(2014),’Towards Robotic Swarm Printing’,Architecture Design,84:108-115.Doi:10.002/ ad.1764 Neri.O.(2015),’Templating Design for Biology for Design’,Architecture Design,85:100-107.Doi:10.002/ad.1961 3.”Silk Pavilion”,Massachuserrs Institute of Technology,2013 < http://matter.media.mit.edu/environments/details/silk-pavillion>[ accessed 10 Aug 2016] ’SILK Pavilion/MIT Media Lab’,ArchDaily,2013< http://www.archdaily.com/384271/silk-pavilion-mit-media-lab>[ accessed 10 Aug 2016]. Andrew Benjamin, Writing Art And Architecture (Melbourne:re.press,2016),p.80 ”Case Study:Computational Design of Hangzhou Tennis Center ”,acadia,2013 < http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-computationaldesign-hangzhou-tennis-center/ >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016] ”The Hangzhou Tennis Center ”,acadia,2011 < http://9.acadia.org/papers/T6KK2N >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016] Clemens,P.(2013),’Linking Structure and Parametric Geometry’,Architecture Design,83:110-113.Doi:10.002/ad.1564 ”Soma:music pavilion salzburg biennale 2011”,designboom,2011 < http://www.designboom.com/architecture/soma-music-pavilionsalzburg-biennale-2011/ >[ accessed 8 Aug 2016] Atelier One,Gardens by the Bay,Singapore,Cooled Consevatories,Supertrees&Aerial Walkways (Instructucte Structural Awards,2013) Meredith,D.(2011),’Gardens by the Bay: Ecologicallt Reflective Designry’,Architecture Design,81:108-111 Mark,B.(2016),’Amtoni Gaudi and Frei Otto: Essential Precursors to the Parametricism Manifesto’,Architecture Design,86:30-35. Doi:10.002/ad.2021 Anna Winston, Frei Otto :a life in projects. Frei Otto: the titan of tent architecture(2015)<https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2015/mar/11/ frei-otto-the-titan-of-tent-architecture>[ Accessesd 10 Aug 2016] Justin McGuirk

124

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CONCEPTUALISATION 125