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Feb. 2 - Feb. 8, 2015
Issue 57
Kysar Publishing
For Ad Rates call: (307) 655-5095 Laugh with
bkysar@sjtidbits.com
a bit
Bert and Ethel got married yesterday. He’s 98 and she’s 87. The guests didn’t throw confetti; they threw vitamin pills.
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by Janet Spencer On February 5, 1915, the first experiment sponsored by the Public Health Department in order to prove that some diseases are caused by dietary deficiencies began. Researcher Joseph Goldberger consequently proved that the skin disease pellagra is caused by poor diet. Come along with Tidbits as we consider vitamins! VITAL AMINES • In 1911, Polish scientist Casimir Funk theorized that diseases such as beriberi and scurvy were caused by a lack of substances he dubbed “vital amines.” This term was shortened to ‘vitamins.’ He was the first to prove that these illnesses were not caused by exterior factors but were simply caused by dietary deficiency. • Other researchers began isolating these vital amines, calling them simply “vital amine factor A”, “factor B” and “factor C” and so forth. The lack of factor A caused blindness; the lack of factor B caused beriberi; the lack of factor C caused scurvy; the lack of factor D caused rickets; the lack of factor E caused miscarriage, and so on. • At one time there were vitamins A through P. Subsequent research revealed many duplicates, so some were scratched from the list. That’s why there is no vitamin F today.
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Page 2
Tidbits® of Sheridan and Johnson Counties Tidbits Presents the
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HEALTH PAGE TO YOUR GOOD HEALTH By Keith Roach, M.D. Patient Fights Doctor’s Advice
DEAR DR. ROACH: I am 95 now and take no medications. My primary-care doctor wants me to take aspirin, even just the baby aspirin, twice a week. Some of the supplements I take do have blood-thinning characteristics, and for that reason I am fighting the aspirin recommendation. In general, is it OK to refuse the recommendation of one’s doctor? -- F.V. ANSWER: It is your body, and you have every right to make decisions about your treatment. However, you should be very circumspect about overruling your doctor, and you should be doing so for very good reasons. Your doctor has the obligation to tell you why he or she is recommending a treatment and what the downsides are from not taking it. You, on the other hand, are obliged to tell your doctor the truth. In your case, it sounds like you don’t want to take the aspirin because you feel the supplements you are taking have a similar effect to aspirin. Very few supplements, if any, have been studied as well as aspirin has. Aspirin has a clear risk of side effects, especially bleeding, but most evidence shows that it reduces the risk of heart attack more than it increases the risk of bleeding. It also might reduce cancer risk. The higher the risk of heart disease, the better aspirin is, in terms of risks versus benefits. At 95, your risk for heart attack is higher than a 50-year-old’s, and so it would be expected to have more benefit than harm. So while I agree with your doctor to take it, I also respect your decision not to. Be sure you discuss your supplements with your doctor. *** DEAR DR. ROACH: I have had stomach pain on my lower left side for several months. Other symptoms include occasional heartburn, bloating and almost constant burping. My doctor is treating it with metronidazole, clarithromycin and omeprazole. Could these be symptoms of stomach cancer? -- D.W. ANSWER: Abdominal pain, heartburn and belching are nonspecific symptoms that can be associated with many conditions. The most common would be GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), gastritis and stomach ulcer. The combination of medications your doctor is treating you with is for the bacteria H. pylori, which can cause gastritis and ulcers. Eradication of the infection, which is very common, can heal ulcers and relieve symptoms. H. pylori can be diagnosed definitively by a breath test or a stool test, or by biopsy of the stomach. A blood test shows evidence of old infection, but it isn’t completely accurate. Stomach cancer has vague symptoms as well, and requires a high degree of suspicion. Stomach symptoms that don’t improve with treatment, or that have worrisome features like weight loss, early satiety (the feeling of being full after eating only a small amount of food) or bleeding should cause the doctor to consider an endoscopy to look at the stomach. New onset of symptoms in someone over 55 also should be considered for endoscopy. Treatment of H. pylori may reduce future risk of gastric cancer (that’s stomach cancer). *** Dr. Roach regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but will incorporate them in the column whenever possible. Readers may email questions to ToYourGoodHealth@ med.cornell.edu. To view and order health pamphlets, visit www.rbmamall.com, or write to P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. (c) 2015 North America Synd., Inc. All Rights Reserved
VITAL AMINES, Cont’d • Later researchers found that vitamin B was actually a complex compound, and it was broken down into vitamins B1 through B14. Again, later studies showed some errors. Today we have only B1, B2, B6, and B12. • Today we know there are 13 vitamins: A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, E, K, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and folic acid. In 1933 scientists learned how to manufacture synthetic vitamins in the laboratory. ELMER’S DISCOVERY • In the early 1900s, Elmer McCollum was a researcher at the University of Wisconsin. He was trying to discover whether wheat, oats, or corn was the best feed for cows. His method was to feed three different groups of cows the three different feeds and see what happened. The wheat-fed cows went blind. The oat-fed cows gave birth to dead calves. Only the corn-fed cows were healthy. • Next McCollum switched to rats. He fed his rats a mixture of protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and fat. Then he made an important discovery: when the source of fat was butter or egg yolk, the rats remained healthy. But when he switched the fat to olive oil, the rats died. Obviously there was something essential in butter and eggs that was not present in olive oil. After much laboratory research, the substance was identified, extracted, and named vitamin A. VITAMIN A • The daily allotment of vitamin A is about .0001 ounce. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble and collect in the body tissues rather than being flushed out. These are the vitamins that can The Sheridan Group meets from 5:30 - 6:30 p.m. be overdosed. Beef liver contains 60,000 IU of on the third Thursday of each month. vitamin A in four ounces; polar bear liver, howFor meeting location and additional information, ever, is about ten times richer than that. call Dawn Sopron, licensed clinical social worker, at (307) 752-7016.
Survivors of Suicide Loss
The Buffalo Group meets the second Monday of every month from 7 - 8:30 p.m. at St. Luke's Lutheran Church, 615 N. Burritt Ave., Buffalo, WY 82834. Call Sydney Rowe, LCSW for questions at (307) 620-9995. (307) 752-7956
NOW ENROLLING ALL AGES!
CLASSIFIEDS
APPLIANCES
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HELP WANTED
Come in and meet our newest Financial Advisor,
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Cleary Building Corp. - Construction Crew - full-time positions available - apply at 2440 Heartland Drive, Sheridan
other Federal Government agency * not a deposit or other obliga -
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FOR RENT Office Space for Rent - $225 Monthly - Furnished. 307-674-4103 3 Office Spaces Available (10’x13’) with views of the Bighorns - $400 per month including utilities. 307-763-8440 HOMES FOR SALE BY OWNER
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View entire schedule - www.sheridan.edu/ce Start Date: Short Class Title: 1/12 CPR Skills Testing 1/13 CPR & First Aid Training 1/17 Depression/Moving to Growth 1/20 Financial Peace University w/Dave Ramsey’s Team 1/20 Computer Basics 101 Tongue River Community Center 1/27 Basic Computer w/ Windows 8 1/29 Aging In Place: Safer Home 1/29 Nutritional Trends: Simple foods to Lower your Blood Pressure 1/29 Aromatherapy - Buffalo 1/30 QuickBooks - Buffalo 1/31 Cloud Peak Writers Workshop: Creative Writing Tongue River Community Center
VITAMIN D • Vitamin D acts as a catalyst to produce proteins that allow minerals to move through the intestinal membrane and into the cells. Without it, the disease called rickets causes the bones to soften and bend. • The misperception persists that vitamin D is present in sunlight. Actually, vitamin D cannot be formed unless it is activated by ultraviolet light. Therefore, sunlight does not contain vitamin D; it only activates it. Cats and dogs, when they lick their fur, ingest body fat that has been irradiated on their fur. This serves as a source of vitamin D. • One school of thought holds that black skin evolved as protection against sunburn and skin cancer. However, other scientists feel that white skin evolved as a measure to allow enough ultraviolet light to pass through the skin in cold climates where people wear heavy clothing and their exposure to sunlight is limited. VITAMIN E • Vitamin E is necessary for reproduction. Many people have concluded that if a little vitamin E is necessary to reproduce, then a lot of vitamin E should really make you a Casanova. But vitamin E’s role in reproduction is merely to prevent miscarriage and has nothing to do with sex or conception. VITAMIN K • Vitamin K comes in cabbage, cauliflower, spinach and pork liver, but the vitamin is also synthesized in the intestinal tract by bacteria, no matter what you eat. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to synthesize clotting elements that circulate in the blood. Too much vitamin K can damage the liver. Taking oral antibiotics can kill the intestinal bacteria that synthesize vitamin K. VITAMIN B • Vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of red corpuscles in the blood, for normal growth, and for maintenance of healthy nerve cells. You only need .00000014 ounce of vitamin B12 each day, but a lack of that tiny amount can be fatal. It is impossible to get B12 on a strict vegetarian diet. • Scientists wondered why Hindus, who are strict vegetarians, never suffered from vitamin deficiencies while living in India, but would come down with B12 deficiencies if they emigrated to Britain. It was found that their diet in India inadvertently contained insect parts that became mixed in with the food. But in Britain, where food control laws were stricter, there were fewer microscopic insect fragments in the food. Insects are rich in vitamins, including B12. • Beriberi was a perplexing disease, causing fatigue, then death. In 1894 Christiaan Eijkman began to study it. Certain it was caused by a bacteria or virus, he tried unsuccessfully to infect chickens. One group of chickens received injections of the beriberi bacteria, and another group did not. Suddenly, both groups came down with beriberi. Just as suddenly, both groups recovered. He was mystified. • He spoke with the man who fed them. Back then, brown rice was undesirable, and white rice (which has the hull and the germ polished off) was desirable. Chickens were normally fed undesirable brown rice. But when the supply of brown rice ran out, the chickens received white rice, and they got sick. When more brown rice arrived, they recovered. Eijkman concluded that white rice contains a poison which brown rice neutralizes, not realizing that brown rice contains vitamin B1 (also called thiamine) which wasn’t isolated and named until 1926.
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Of Sheridan & Johnson Counties
Published weekly by Kysar Publishing. Call (307) 655-5095 bkysar@sjtidbits.com
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Tidbits® of Sheridan and Johnson Counties
Page 4
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Page 5
PET OF THE WEEK
Coco is our cat of the week at Second Chance Sheridan Cat Rescue! Coco is a beautiful Snowshoe Siamese who was rescued from a high-kill shelter in Wyoming. She is very sweet and would love a nice family to adopt her! For more information about Coco or any other adoptable cat, please call 307-461-9555 or visit http://sheridancatrescue.org.
Dog Training 101: Jumping Not Allowed DEAR PAW’S CORNER: My grandchildren recently got a 6-month-old puppy, a spaniel/Doberman mix. He’s rambunctious, to say the least. Are there any easy lessons to teach “Farley” not to jump up on people when they visit? -- Lanny S., via email
NIACIN • “Pellagra” is Italian for “rough skin.” It’s a disease whose first symptom is irritated skin, and it is eventually fatal if left untreated. • In the early 1900s pellagra was rampant in the deep south, and the Public Health Service hired Joseph Goldberger to find out why. His first discovery was that it was common among prisoners, children in orphanages, and patients in mental institutions. Yet he never found a single doctor, nurse, nun, or prison guard who also had the disease. • Theory held that pellagra was a contagious disease, but Goldberger became convinced that it was tied to the diet. In the Methodist Orphan Asylum in Jackson, Mississippi, one third of the children suffered from pellagra. However, all of the victims were between the ages of 6 and 12. He discovered that only the children between the ages of 1 and 5 were given milk to drink. And only the children over the age of 12 were given much meat. Between the age of 6 and 12, the orphans received no milk and little meat. They survived on grits, mush, and sow belly. And they got pellagra. • Goldberger convinced the orphanage to change the children’s diet, giving them lots of meat, milk, and eggs. Pellagra disappeared. • Wanting to be thorough, Goldberger decided that if he could cure the disease with proper diet, he ought to be able to induce it through faulty diet. At the prison farm near Jackson, he signed up 12 prisoners who were willing to go on a special diet in exchange for a pardon at the end of six months. He fed them biscuits, mush, grits, gravy, syrup, corn bread, rice, coffee and sugar. After a few weeks, the men started showing the signs of pellagra. • Goldberger went one step further to prove pellagra was not contagious. He collected 16 volunteers, including his wife and himself, who did everything to contract pellagra through injections and secretions and bodily contact with sufferers. No one got the disease. • Goldberger spent the rest of his life in the laboratory trying to discover what factor meat, milk, and egg yolks had in common. By 1926, Goldberger established that a small amount of brewer’s yeast prevented pellagra, yet he never knew why. • It was Conrad Elvehjem who discovered that pellagra is caused by a lack of the B vitamin niacin. He presented his findings in 1937, eight years after Joseph Goldberger’s death. • Goldberger is remembered as the “unsung hero of American clinical epidemiology.” Although he was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize, his discovery proved socially and politically unacceptable, and he made little progress in gaining support for the treating of pellagra during his lifetime. • Between 1906 and 1940 more than 3 million Americans were affected by pellagra with more than 100,000 deaths, yet the epidemic resolved itself after authorities decided to add niacin to bread in 1938. • Pellagra is still found today, especially in third world countries that depend primarily upon corn for their sustenance. Refugees and prisoners receiving inadequate food commonly suffer from it. Alcoholism and drug addiction can also cause pellagra, as can intestinal disorders. Untreated, the disease can kill within four or five years. • Besides meat and eggs, niacin is found in avocados, dates, tomatoes, leafy vegetables, broccoli, sweet potatoes, asparagus, nuts, whole grains, and legumes.
DEAR LANNY: Jumping up is a common issue in dogs. There definitely are ways to train Farley to not jump when visitors arrive, but for any training to work, everyone in the household needs to be on the same page so that his training is reinforced. Your best weapon in the no-jumping battle are the basic “sit” and “stay” commands. Train Farley to sit on command, and then train him to stay in the sitting position for gradually longer periods. (Get him to sit for 10 seconds at first, then extend that incrementally.) Once he understands and obeys those commands, begin training him to respond to the doorbell the way you want him to. Set up a daily session where one person (the trainer) stands with Farley on a leash, several feet back from the door, and another person (the helper) goes outside. When the helper rings the doorbell, tell Farley “sit,” then “stay.” Next, have the helper come inside; again, tell Farley to sit, then stay. Finally, bring Farley to the helper, still on the leash. Tell him to sit, then stay; the helper should not try to pet or speak to Farley during this training session. This will take a few sessions ... maybe more than a few. Repeat it daily, and have the kids do it daily, too. Whenever a real visitor comes over, repeat the commands. Remember not to scold Farley during training; stick to firm commands followed by lots of praise or a treat when he follows them. Send your questions or tips to ask@pawscorner.com. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
SCURVY • French explorer Jacques Cartier and his crew were searching for a sea passage across North America in the 1530s when they spent the winter on the St. Lawrence River, where they became icebound. By the middle of February the crew was suffering with scurvy and were so weak they could not move from their beds. 25 out of 110 crew members were dead. • Cartier, who probably had been sneaking food from a secret cache, remained in good health. He was reluctant to have much contact with the local Indians for fear they would attack the boat after seeing how weak the crew was. • Still, while Cartier was out on shore one day, he ran into an Indian named Dom Agaya. Cartier had met up with this man several days earlier and had noted that he also was suffering from the onset of scurvy. Now, however, he was completely cured. • Cartier asked him what had cured him, and the Indian showed him how to cut branches and needles from a local tree (probably a cedar tree), boil them in water, and drink the tea. • At first some of Cartier’s men refused the cure, but when one or two tried it, they immediately began feeling better. The rest of the crew soon rushed to join them, and within eight days they had consumed an entire tree and in so doing had cured themselves. • Still, although Cartier took samples of the tree with him back to France, the knowledge of the cure failed to make the rounds. Ten years later, another French expedition wintering at the same spot on the St. Lawrence seaway lost 50 of their 200 crew to scurvy. SCURVY SCALLYWAGS • In earlier centuries, scurvy was a disease that struck sailors, prisoners, armies, and besieged cities. Victims got progressively weaker and eventually died. (Continued on last page)
Tidbits® of Sheridan and Johnson Counties
Page 6
QUALITY • SERVICE • SELECTION
DESAVA’S COMFORT PLUS Furniture & Mattress Store
We’re BIGGER than we look!
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Open 10 - 5 Monday - Friday Swords Knives & More
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Wendy Greenough (307) 217-1451
Wendy Greenough-Sales Associate wendy@buffalorealty.org www.buffalorealtyllc.com 294 N Main Buffalo, WY 82834
Page 7
For Advertising Call (307) 655-5095
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SCURVY SCALLYWAGS (cont’d) • In 1737 an Austrian doctor named Kramer noticed that army soldiers often got scurvy— but the officers (who ate better food) never did. He was the first person to make the connection between diet and disease. • Soon after, a Scottish doctor named Lind proved that citrus fruits would prevent scurvy. • Captain Cook was so impressed that he took limes on his round-theworld voyage, and lost only one sailor to the disease. However, the British army remained unconvinced and didn’t start following the advice for another 40 years. • In 1794 the British Admiralty finally decided to try citrus as a preventative for scurvy. They sent an English squadron out with a full supply of lemons. When the ships touched port at Madras 23 weeks later, only one crewman had come down with scurvy— and he had traded his daily lemon juice ration for another sailor’s rum. • After it was discovered that citrus fruits could cure scurvy, every Spanish sailor bound for the Americas was supplied with 100 seeds or young seedlings to be planted in the new land. Today’s Florida groves began with trees planted in 1513 by Ponce de Leon. By 1800 scurvy was wiped out. • Because lemons were commonly called limes, English seaman eventually became known as “limeys.” • Without vitamin C, the body cannot synthesize collagen, which is the adhesive protein substance that holds cells together. Without collagen, wounds cannot heal, old scars may open, and gums rot. The victim becomes cranky, apathetic, and dizzy. Joints and muscles become sore, bones grow brittle, legs swell, and bruises appear as tiny blood vessels rupture. Death occurs when the brain, the lungs, or the digestive tract rupture.
FREMONT MOTOR FORD SHERIDAN LUBE, OIL & FILTER CHANGE
$
19
95
INCLUDES: Oil (up to 5qts), Lube, Filter, Courtesy Inspection & Top Off Fluids where necessary
10% off
Any recommended maintenance at the time of service. Good only at Fremont Motor Ford Sheridan. Cannot be used with any other special or coupons. Shop supplies and tax extra. Oil change excludes diesel engines. Expires Feb. 28, 2015.
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