Discovery №8 (август 2012) PDF by boob coob

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XO~I1Th

11 IIOJIHOCThiO pa3p11COBaHHhie

COCTaBhl.

C~eJiaTh Bh!BO~.

C HaqaJIOM XXI BeKa rpa¢¢rrm oKoHqaTeJihHO BhilliJIO 113 rro~rrOJihH. B 2006 ro~y

eCJII1 6hi IIO.HBI1JII1Ch Ha qacTHOlli1JII1 ro-

cy~apCTBeHHOll C06CTBeHHOCTI1 6e3 rrpe~ BaprrTeJihHOro pa3pellleHrrH BJia~eJihQa.

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

,[(JUI TOfO 'IT06hi IIOCTp011Th CaMh!H rrepBb!H ropo,[(, niO,[(JIM Tpe6osanocb crrepsa rrpotiHO oceCTh Ha 3eM ne- He rrpocTo c,[(enaTh 3eMne,[(enl1e OCHOBOH csoero CJ!lleCTBOBaHI1Jl, HO 11 Hay'li1ThCJI B03,[(enbiBaTb O,[(HI1 11 Te )l(e yqacTKI1 113 ro,[(a B ro,[(. 3epHa, 6porneHHhre pyKoH ,[(pesHeHIIII1X ceJITenew, yrran11 B rrno,[(opo,[(HewrnyiO rroqsy, C03,[(aHHYIO rrp11po,[(OH Ha rrpocTopax OT C11HaJI ,[(O Me)l(,[(ype'lhJI, s 30He, KOTopyiO yqeHhre Ha3hiBa!OT <<IInO,[(OpO,[(Hh!M rronyMeCJIQeM>,>. ,[(a6hi 3a !lii1TI1Th IInO,[(hl CBOI1X Tpy,[(OB OT Ha6erOB KO'leBHI1KOB, 3eMne,[(enhQbl IIp11HJini1Cb B03BO,[(I1Tb yKperrneHI1Jl KaMeHHhre cTeHhi. TaK B03HI1Knl1 rrepsbre ropo,[(a. 3a CTeHaMI1 xpaHI1ni1Ch 3aiiaCbl IIIIIeH11Qhl, CTaBIIII1e rrepBb!M Kaiii1TanOM 'lenoBe'leCTBa, cenl1ni1Ch peMeCneHH11K11, IIOJIBnJini1Ch nl0,[(11, yrrpaBnJl!O!lll1e 3T11M CnO)I(Hb!M OpraHI13MOM, -

rrpaBI1Tenl1, )l(peQbl.

CaMhiH ,[(peBHI1H 113 ropo,[(OB, o KOTopoM 113BecT, HO cero,[(HJI 11CTOp11KaM 11 apxeonoraM, -

I1ep11xoH,

:-il-oceiielilie-iia-C:es-epe -11i~eiic-r<oif il-ic.fhr-Hir~ -Me»<~}r '

peKow I1op,[(aH 11 MepTBhiM MopeM. ,[(ecJITh ThiCJI'l neT Ha3a,[(, KOr,[(a 6onhrnaJI qacTb qenoseqecTsa ,[(06bmana ce6e III1IliY OXOTOH 11 co611paTenbCTBOM, aHa En11)1(HeM BocToKe TOnhKO IIOJIBI1ni1Ch rrepsbre, rrp11MI1TI1BHhre eme 3eMne,[(enhQhl 11 CKOTOBO,[(hl, )1(11Tenl1

I1ep11xoHa oropo,[(l1nl1 rrpocTpaHCTBO B

CTeHOH, CnO)I(eHHOH 113 113BeCTHJIKOBhiX sanyHOB.

reKTapa

I1ep11XOHQhi, KaK 11 see 11x cospeMeHHI1KI1, He 3Hanl1 MeTannoB - a ,[(nJI TOrO, 'IT06b! rrony'li1Th 6nOKI1 CTpO11TenhHoro MaTep11ana, cKopee scero, pacKanJinl1 113secTHJIK OrHeM 11 pe3KO oxna)l(,[(anl1, BhiJII1BaJI Ha Hero BO,[(y, a IIOTOM Bblrpe6anl1 pacKpOIIII1BIIII1HCJI KaMeHb. K CTeHe IIp11MbiKana KpyrnaJI6aiiiHJI Bb!COTOH OKOno

8,5 MeTpa

ITO BCeH BI1,[(11MOCTI1, O,[(HOBpeMeHHO

cny)I(I1BIIIaJI Ha6niO,[(aTenhHOH Bh!IIIKOH, MeCTOM C06paHI1H 11 COKpOBI1!liHI111eH.

HOBeHIIII1e 11CCne,[(O-

BaHI1Jl PoJI 1I11paHa 11 P3Ha EapKaJI, rrpose,[(eHHhre B 2011 ro,[(y, IIOKa3anl1, 'ITO OKHO B yQeneBIIIeH 'laCTI1 6aiiiHI1 Op11eHT11pOBaHO Ha BOCXO,[( COnHQa B ,[(eHh neTHero conHQeCTOJIHI1JI. TaK 'ITO, sepoJITHO, 3TO CTpoeHI1e 11CIIOnHJinO 11 HeKyiO CaKpanhHYIO ponb.

BoKpyz cmeHbl6bllz npopbzm o6opoHume.JLbHbzii poe. BnoCJzeocmeuu ezo 3anol!HUJ!U eoooii U3 ucmottHUKa, cHa6JICaemezo zopoo, aHa cllyttaii, ecJlu ucmottHUK uccJZKHem, JICumeJlu coeJlaJ!U 6acceiiH OJ!Jl xpaHeHUJl ooJICoeeoii eoobz. HacKOJlbKO JICe CUJlbHoii 6bzlla onacHocmb, ttmo6bz 3acmaeumb cmpoumb maKue yKpenl!eHuJZ! IIocne,[(osasrnl1e seKa M11pHOH )1(113HI1 paccna611n11 o611TaTenei1 I1ep11xoHa. K Hatiany

VII

ThiCJI'leneTI1JI

,[(0 H. 3. Moryq11e 6aiiiHI111 CTeHbl IIOCTeiieHHO 3aCbiiian CTp011TenhHh!H Mycop, OT 6hinOH o6opOHI1TenhHOH MO!lll1 He OCTanOCh 11 cne,[(a. I1 B KOHQe KOHQOB ropO,[( nan. KTO 6bini13TI13aXBaT'li1KI1- Hei13BeCTHO, HO OHI1

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

OTCTpOMJIM Ha pyHHax eBOM yKpeiTJieHMH. MepHxOH

e Tex ITOP He pa3

ITepexo,~:~MJI

M3 pyK B pyKM M, eJIOBHO

<l>eHMKe, eHOBa M eHOBa B03pOJK,[IaJie.H ll3 ITeiTJia. CaMaH M3BeeTHaH MeTopMH B3HTMH MepHxoHa eBH3aHa e BOikKOM espeeB- KO'IeBHMKOB, B03fJiaBJI.He-

nPOL\BETABWV1C1 C VII n o VI TbiC51YEJ1ETV1E ,[\0 H. 3. , YATAJl-

XIOIOK HE VIMEJl YflVIL\ - V1 CYV1TAETC51 COBPEMEHHbiMVI YYEHbiMVI IOPO,QOM

ITo moM ttmo-mo npou3outJlo. TopoiJ, cyiJR no 6CeMy, He 6biJl3axBatteH BHeutHUM BpazoM, HO Bee xpaMbl u pocKOutHble iJoMa 3Hamu BOKpyz nllOUlaiJu oKa3aJlUCb pa3pyuteHbl. IIpuiJJl 6 ynaiJoK, T.J.aiiomo 6blll 3a6pouteH eUle 3a 6 mblCJltt Jlem iJo H. 3.

MbiX MMeyeoM HaBMHOM. JiereH,~:~y o6 «HepHxoHeKMX

JlVIWb V1 3 YBAlKEHV151

Tpy6aX» , KOr,[la eTeHbl ropo,~:~a He Bbi,LiepJKaJIM 3BYKOB

K BEJ1V1YV1HE HACEJ1E-

Cne,~:~yiO!l\MM Ha IThe,~:~eeTane ,~:~pesHoeTM oKa3biBaeTeH

6oeBbiX pOlKKOB espeH:eKOH apMHll, 3Ha!OT, ITOJKaJiyH,

HV151

ell\e o,~:~Horypel.\KOe IToeeneHMe, 'llaTaJI-XJOJOK, 'IbM py-

see . Ho 3TO, KOHe'IHO JKe, nereH,~:~a. BepoHTHO, KO'IeB-

MHhi Haxo,~:~.HTeH B 50 KMJIOMeTpax OT ropo,~:~a KoHhH . Bo

HMKaM ITOMorno 3eMJieTp.HeeHMe, pa3pynmsrnee o6o-

speMeHa pael.\BeTa B 'llaTan-XJOJOKe Hae'IMThiBanoeb

poHMTeJihHhie eTeHhi. EeTh ,~:~aJKe sepeHH, 'ITO HaBMH

,[10

10 Tb!CH'I lKMTeJieH -

soo6Il\e He oeaJK,~:~an ropo,~:~, a ITpHrnen Ty,~:~a yJKe IToene

HO OH OCTaBaJie.H Beero Jlllillb

HeMMOBepHO pa3poerueJ1e.H HeOJIMTM'IeeKOH

,~:~epeBHeH, o6MTaTeJIM KOTOpOH Tee-

ITpHpO,LIHOH KaTaeTpOhi.

HllJIMeh B ITOXOlKMX Ha KOpaJIJIOBhie pHhi ITOeTpoH:Kax e e,~:~MHeTBeHHhiM

DOJIHhiU DOPH,li;OK

OTBepeTMeM B Kpbiiile. 3TH OTBepeTMH

HeeKOJihKO MOJIOJKe MepHxoHa

6b!Jill OKHaMM ,[IJIH eBeTa M B03,[1y-

ropo,~:~'llaH:oHJO , pyHHhi KOTopo-

xa M O,[IHOBpeMeHHO ,[IBepHMll.

ro JieJKaT ITpHMepHO B 40 KllJIOMe-

)I(MTeJIM 3a6HpaJIMeh ITO JieCT-

Tpax OT ropo,~:~a ,ll;mip6aKbip Ha 10ro-soeToKe

HMI..\e HaBepx, IIlJ!ll ITO KpbiiilaM

Typl.\Hll. 0H He MMeJI 3all\MTHOH eTeHbl, HO OeTaBaJie.H

,LIOMOB M crryeKaJIMeh B HYJKHoe ITOMell\eHMe - TaKJKe ITO JieeTHMI..\e.

HaeeJieHHbiM B Te'IeHMe Tpex Tble.H'I JieT. B OTJ!ll'Ille OT MepHXOHa, 'llaHOHIO 3aeTpaHBaJie.H ITO CTpOrMM ITpa-

III Thie.H'IeJieTMM ,~:~o H. 3. B ,ll;peBHeM MHpe Ha'IaJI-

BMJiaM. KaMeHHhie eTeHhi ,LIOMOB B03BO,LIMJIMeh ITapaJI-

e.H HaeTOH!l\llH yp6aHMeTM'IeeKMH 6yM: 3HaMeHMThiH

3,[1aHM51 qepe,LIOBaJIMeb B ruaxMaT-

BaBMJIOH, MoxeH,~:~JKo- ,ll;apo B ,[IOJIMHe MH,~:~a, ITepBbie

JieJibHO

eoee,~:~eKMM ,

HOM ITOpH,~:~Ke. B ropo,~:~e 6biJI xpaMOBhiH 1..\eHTp e 6onee

ropo,~:~a KMTaH B03HMKJIM MMeHHO Tor,~:~a. IIepeeeJIH-

poeKOIIlHb!Mll eoopyJKeHM51Mll M 'ITO-TO BpO,Lie rJiaBHOH

JIMeh 3a ropo,[leKMe eTeHbl JIIO,[Ill He TOJibKO ll3 eoo6yJKe TOr ,[Ia ropo,~:~a eTaJIM

ITJIO!l\a,[IM. 3aTeM Bee pa,LIMKaJihHO ITepeCTpOHJIM: eTa-

paJKeHMH 6e30ITaeHOeTM -

pbie 3,[1aHMH 3aehiiiaJIM 3eMJieH, ITpespaTMB MX B ITO,[I-

1..\eHTpaMM 3KOHOMMKM, BJiaeTM M peJIMrM03HOH lKM3-

BaJibl, a esepxy B03BeJIM

DISCOVERY

6onee KPYITHhie ,~:~oMa .

AsryCT

2012

Hll, MeKyeeTB M peMeeeJI.

I111MeHHO TOf,l(a 3apO,lii1JII1Ch ,1\Ba OCHOBHh!X rrp11H-

KOJihQO 3,l(aHI1H C Kp11Bh!MI1 YJIOqKaM11 MOryT 0Kpy)!{I1Th

J.II1IIa ropO,liCKOfO IIJiaH11pOBaHI151. ITepBb!HI13 HI1X -

BTOpOH CTeHOH, 11 eCJII1 ropO,ll rrpO,liOJI)!{aeT paCTI1, TO

pa,lll1aJihHO-KOJihl.leBoi1: BOKpyr HeKoero 51,1\pa (xpa-

BTopy!O CTeHy OKpy)!{aeT TpeTbe KOJihQO IIOCTpOeK

Mosoro KOMIIJieKca, ,1\BOpQa BO)!{,l(eH, yKperrJieHHOH

11 TaK ,l(aJiee. TaK cTp011JIC51 He TOJihKO rnyMepcKI1H Yp,

Q11Ta,l(eJI11)B03HI1KaeTXaOTI1qecKOeCKOIIJieHI1e,l(OMOB

HO 11 MOCKBa: Ha KapTe BI1,1\HO, KaK OT KpeMJieBCKI1X

IIOIIpOII.Ie, KOTOphie CTp051T KTO BO qTQ ropa3,1(. ilOTOM

CTeH paCXO,I\51TC51 KOJihQa 3aCTpOHKl1 pa3HOfO B03paCTa.

KAPeBHI1M ropoAaM

no onpeAeneHI110 aMepi1KaHCKOro 11CTOPI1Ka nbi011Ca MaM<jJOpAa. ropOAa- 3TO MeCTa «MaKCI1MallbHOrO COCpeAOTO~eHI151 BllaCTI1, Kani1Tana 11 KYllbTYPbl B coo61l(eCTBe».

B cospeMeHHOM

M11pe AJ151

TOrO, ~T06bl HaCeJleHHbll1 nyHKT np113HaJ111 rOpOAOM, Tpe6yeTC51 COOT-

10 OTJ111~1111

KOHI..\eHTpal..\1151 OTHOCI1TeJlbHO 60JlbWOrO ~11CJla Jli0Ael1 Ha orpaHI1-

•

BblpalKeHHOe C0411allbHOe HepaBeHCTBO;

~eHHOM y~aCTKe;

Hanpi1Mep, HaceneHHbll1 nyHKT c~I1TaeTC51 ropoAOM,

ecn11 B HeM npOJKI1BaeT He MeHee

12 TbiC51~

ropOAOB OT KpynHbiX nocellKOB:

•

BeTCTBI1e onpeAeneHHbiM KPI1Tepi151M .

B Pocc1111,

Hellb351 nOAXOA11Tb c cospeMeHHbiMI1 Tpe6o-

saHI151MI1, no3TOMY 6pi1TaHCKI11111CTOPI1K IOPAOH Yal1nA npeAllOJKI111

~enoseK, np11~eM

75%

•

HaCelleHI151 He AOJllKHbl 6b1Tb 3aH51Tbl B CellbCKOM X035111CTBe . 3BaHI151 ropOAa He Jli1WaiOT, AaJKe eCJ111 KOJ111~eCTBO lKI1Tenel1 onyCTI1TC51 Hl1lKe

B APYrl1x CTpaHax nOAXOA ell(e 11116epa11bHee: 250 ~ellOBeK 11 eCTb nO~Ta, C~I1TaeTC51 ropOAOM. A B YraHAe ropOAaMI1 MOryT CTaTb noCelleHI151 C ~11CJ10M lKI1Tellei160llee 1QQ ~ellOBeK, eCJ111 OHI1 51BJ15110TC51 4eHTPOM KaKol1 yrOAHO Ae51TellbHOCTI1. B nepeHaceneHHOI1 SlnOHI111

~11HOBHI1KOB,

Kynl\OB 11 T. n.;

•

3KOHOMI1~eCKI1e 113Jli1WKI111 11X np11CBOeHI1e ropOACKOI1 BJlaCTbiO;

•

pa3BI1TI1e TO~HbiX HayK, 11X npi1MeHeHI1e B 6biTY 11 CellbCKOM

KPI1TI1~ecKOI1 ~epTbl .

B ,lJ,aHI111 HaCeneHHbll1 nyHKT, rAe lKI1BYT 6011ee

Ha1111~11e lKI1Tenel1, He 3aH51TbiX B CellbCKOM X035111CTBe: lKpel\OB, peMeClleHHI1KOB,

Ha1111~11e

ni1CbMeHHOCT11;

X035111CTBe; •

MOHyMeHTallbHOe CTp011TellbCTBO- xpaMbl, 6aWHI1, BOAOnpOBOAbl 11 T. n.;

KPI1Tepl111 caMble JKeCTKI1e: ropOAOM C~I1TaeTC51 HaceneHHbll1 nyHKT

•

Ha1111~11e 11CKyCCTBa;

C ~11ClleHHOCTbiO lKI1Tenel1 6011ee

•

TOprOBble CB51311 C APYri1MI1 CTpaHaM11;

•

Teppi1TOpl1allbHa51 061l(HOCTb: lKI1Telll1 BCeX npo<jleCCI11111 KllaCCOB

50 TbiC51~ ~ellOBeK, 60% KOTOpbiX 3aH51Tbl He B cenbCKOM X035111CTBe. OOH npeAnaraeT c~I1TaTb ropoAOM noceneHI1e, rAe JKI1BeT 6onee 20 TbiC51~ ~enoseK .

oco3HaiOTce651ropolKaHaMI1 .

100-499

10-24 ~

< 10

BPEMROCHOBAH~RrOPOAA

paHee VTbiC . AD H. 3.

V-1 TbiC . AD H. 3.

• ,!)

X-V BeKa AD H. 3 . V-1 BeKa AD H. 3.

An~ rDPDADB, cyU1eCTBYI01111-1 X B HaWI-1 AHI-1 , KDill-14eCTBD HaCelleHI-1~ yKa3aHD Ha I-110Jlb 2012 rDAa. Ail~ nDri-16WI-1X ropDADB B CKD6KaX

np1-1BeAeHa AaTa , KDrAa ropDA fiblll pa3pyweH 1-1111-1 nDKI-1HyT. 'li-1CileHHDCTb HaCelleHI-1~ yKa3aHa Ha MDMeHT Hai-1BbiCWerD paCLjBeTa ropDAa .

H3C'IMTbiB39TCSI60nee 600 ropOAOB, KOTOpble C nonHbiM npaBOM MOlKHO H3383Tb .uu,~ISitt'IIIUI. ECTb CP9AM HMX M CBOM SlpKMe 3B93Abl- ropOAS, OCHOB3HHbl9 AO HS'Iana H3W9M 3pbl. ECnM no~unTII\,.,r._ HS Kapry, OHM OnOSICbiBSIOT 3eMniO WMpOKMM KOnbi.40M. 50nbWMHCTBO 1.13 HMX nOSIBMnOCb HS

nno-

~Afi!PIIIIAHibiX39MnSIX BAenbrax peK, caMble HPKMe npMMepbl- MeJKAype'lbe, K~~tra.:t, AOnMHa MHAa, Er~~tner.

B03HMKnM Ha nepece'leHMM roproBbiX nyre.:t - Ha SnMJKHeM BocroKe, AHaronMMCKOM nonyocrpoae Eaponbl. Ho ecrb 1.1 MCKniO'IeHMH- AP9BHMe ropoAa Me3oaMepMKM, KOTOPble B03BOAMnMCb, cyAH

~sceMy, a <<Mecrax cMnbl», onpeAenHeMbiX lKP914SMM. SonbWMHcrao AP9BHMX ropoAOB 6blnM ocraaneHbl y lKMTen\MM B CMny T9X MnM MHbiX npM'IMH

1.13 HMX np01.4B9TSIOT M CerOAHSI •

•

'lafiOHIO

(Ill B. AO H. 3.)

I!)

,D,yp-WappyK~H

H~H~:~:· :~. .) 3

(VII B. AOH . 3.) , .

6~6n/,D,)I(y6ei11lb

3 6 Awwyp (XIV B.) P L-11lb

BaBL-lllOH •

B. AOH .

YpyK (VI B. AO H. 3.) ~ Yp (VB. AO H.

3.)

3.)~

BTOpOH ITpHHQMIT ITpHMeHHJICH ITpli BOCCTaHOBJieHlili BaBMJIOHa BO BpeMeHa ITpaBJieHMH HaByxo,lloHocopa

II M B03Be,lleHMM CaHKT-IleTep6ypra. B

3TOM

3ATOHYBIIIUH IIIE,li;EBP OKoHqaTeJibHhiM

TOp)!(eCTBOM

ITPMHI.IMITOB

ITO,llaMa cTaJia AneKcaH,llpHH EmiTeTcKaH -

fMITropo,11,

cnyqae ropo,11 ITJiaHHpyeTCH 3apaHee: HaMeqaiOTCH

ocHoBaHHhiH B 332 ro,11y .110 H. 3. AneKcaH,llpOM Ma-

wHpOKMe ynMQhi, ITepeceKaiOII.IMe ,11pyr ,11pyra ITO.ll

Ke,liOHCKMM He,llaJieKo OT ,lleJibThi HMna. B 3Toi1 MecT-

ITpHMb!M yrJIOM If Be,llyll.IMe K KJIIOqeBb!M COOpy)!(e-

HOCTM 6JiafO,llapH CeBepHbiM BeTpaM ,lla)!(e JieTOM 6hiJI

HliHM; BbiCOTa 3,llaHMH perJiaMeHTHpyeTCH, If TOJ!bKO

3,110p0Bb!H KJIMMaT, a OCTpOB <f>apoc 3all.IMII.IaJI IT OpT OT

B rny6MHe KBapTaJIOB 3aCTpOHII.IliKii MoryT IT03BOJIMTb

6yph. ApxHTeKTop ,[(MHOKpaT Po,liOCCKMH ITPOJIO)!(MJI

ce6e HeKOTOpbie BOJ!bHOCTM.

,liBe rnaBHbie ynMQhi wHpHHOH O,liMH ITJieTp ( oKoJio

IlpHMOYfOJ!bHaH ITJiaHHpOBKa ,liOCTiifJia COBep-

30 MeTpOB), ITepeceKa!Oil.IMeCH ITO,ll ITpHMbiM yrJIOM,

WeHCTBa B rpeqeCKOH rMITITO,llaMOBOH CMCTeMe, CJIO-

M pa3,lleJIMJI rop0,11 Ha ITHTb KBapTaJIOB. IJ;apCKMH KBap-

)!(MBIUeHCH OKOJIO 480 ro,11a .110 H. 3. Pa3pa6oTaJI ee

TaJI, 3aHMMaBwMi1 qeTBepTb AneKcaH,llpHH, He 6hiJI

<l>MJIOCO<l> [MITITO,llaM Ii3 MMJieTa, KOTOpb!H He ITpOCTO

Harnyxo OTropo)!(eH OT oCTaJibHhiX. JiereH,llapHbie

KpoHJI ropo,11 Ha ITpHMoyroJibHbie qacTM, a ITpe,llycMa-

6M6JIMOTeKa If aKa,lleMMH HaXO,llliJIMCb MMeHHO TaM.

TpHBaJI B HeM KBapTaJibl ,liJIH pa3Hb!X Bli,liOB ,lleHTeJib-

AneKcaH,llpHiicKMH IT OPT pa3,lleJIHJICH Ha ,liBe qacTM

HOCTii. fopO,liCKOHQeHTp C xpaMaMM M ITJIOII.Ia,llh!O ,liJIH

,llaM6oi1, coe,liMHHIOII.Ieii <!>a poe c MaTepHKOM. B Boc-

HapO,liHOfO co6paHMH ( aropOH) BITMChiBaJIM B ITpHMO-

ToqHoii qacTM paciToJiaraJIMCh ropo,llcKoii M QapcKMH

yrOJibHYIO CeTKY M OpHeHTiipOBaJIM ITO HaiTpaBJieHMIO

ITOpTbl, ITO ,11pyry10 CTOpOHY ,llaM6bi -

QeHTpaJibHOH ynMQhi. EcnM rnaBHhiX ynMI.I B ropo,11ax

CTaHb. Ilocpe,llli <f>apoca CTOHJI AJieKCaH,llpHHCKMH

BOeHHaH ITpH-

6b!JIO ,liBe, OHM ITepeceKaJIMCb B BM,lle ITpaBMJ!bHOfO

MaHK Bb!COTOH OT 120,110 140 MeTpOB (TOqHbiX ,llaH-

KpecTa, YITHpaHCb KOHQaMM B BOpOTa MJIM ITOpT.

HbiX HeT), B03Be,lleHHhiH CocTpaToM KHM.liCKMM.

He Bee zpettecKue zopooa 6blJlU BbzcmpoeHbl no 3mou uoeaJlbHOU cxeMe. B AcpuHax OHa, HanpuMep, He npuJ/CUJlaCb. Tepooom cpaBHUBa!l nllaH AcpuH c KOJlecoM: 3m om zopoo pa3pacma!lCJl no c!lezKa ucKaJ!CeHHOMY u33a pe!lbecpa paoUaJlbHO-KOJlbl{eBOMY npUHl{Uny 60Kpyz azopbz u AKpono!lJl.

QeHTp - BeJIMKOJieiTHhiH, pocKowHo OT,lleJiaHHhiH Ce-

ErMITeTCKMH KBapTaJI MMeJI cBoii peJIMrM03HhiH

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

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DISCOVERY

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B Pocc.11.11 Ha

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25% HaCeJieH.HH .

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2015 ro,11y B M.Hpe 6y,11eT 6o20 ropO,liOB C HaCeJieH.HeM CBbiille 10 MI1JIJI.HOHOB

CTpalliHa: H.H IIOTepH CTaTyca CTOJI.Hl\bl , H.H yTpaTa 3KO-

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Jiee

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rrepb He IIp.HBO,liHT K IIOJIHOMY OIIYCTOilleH.HIO ropO,liOB .

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6- 9

B MocKBY .HJI.H B3HT.He EepJI.HHa He rroMelllaJI.H ropo,11aM

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K.He KaK ,[()!(aKa pTa .HJI.H P.HO-,lle- )KaHeftpo. ropo,llaM.H

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

M.HJIJI.HOHOB '-leJIOBeK, Ta -

c MMJIJIHOHHhiM HaceJieHMeM Mrro,11asHo HMKoro He Y.liMTOJihKO S KHTae MX OKOJIO 90, S I1H,lll1l1 -

seiiiiiMX .lll1PHJKa6Jieti. )l{HJIMilla TaKara o6pa311a

54.

6y,11yT y,lleplKHSaTbCH ,liSl1faTeJIHMl1 Ha O,liHOM MeCTe,

2% IIJIOil.la,liH

HerrpephiBHO IIOJiyqaJI ClifHaJihl OIIpe,lleJieHMH KOOp-

cyiiiM, 3aHMMaeMoi1 ropo,llaMH. Cpe,liH5UI IIJIOTHOCTh

,liHHaT CO CIIYTHMKOS. 3HeprMIO 6y,11yT o6ecrreqMsaTb

SMIIIh -

llOJIOSMHa qeJioseqeCTsa CKOIIMJiaCh Ha

46 qeJIOSeK Ha KSa,llpaTHhiH KMJIO-

COJIHeqHhie 6aTapeH , IIOKphiBaiOIIIMe sepXHIOIO qaCTh

25 pa3. B oco-

lKHJIMilla, l1 MOIIIHhie TepMOIIaphl Ha Ka6eJie, KOTOphie

6eHHO IIJIOTHO 3aCeJieHHhiX ropO,llaX IIOJIOlKeHMe l1 TOfO

MoryT qeprraTh 3HepmiO M3 pa3Hl111hi TeMrrepaTyp Ha

xyJKe: MOCKSMqaM 1Ipl1XO,lll1TCH TeCHHThCH ITO 10 ThJCJiq

pa3Hh!X ShiCOTaX. 3TO He <PaHTaCTMKa: rrepSbie rrpo-

HaCeJieHMH 3eMJil1-

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29 650 qeJIOSeK!

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KOHI.Ie

XIX

seKa JIIO.liM orraca-

M KypCHPYIOIIIMH MelK.liY HHMM S03.11YIII-

JIMCh, qTQ ThiCJiqli JIOIIIa,lleH 3aSaJIHT

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see rop0,11a HaS030M, HO IIOHSJieHHe

pa3sHTHH co6hiTMH. HMKTO, pa3yMeeT-

asTOM06MJieH peiiiMJIO 3TY rrpo6JieMy.

cH, He rrpe,liJiaraeT IIO,liSeiiiHSaTb S S03-

.llyXe Tpa,lll1lll10HHhie ,liOMa l13 6eTOHa:

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pe% H,lleT o6 o6TeKaeMhiX JKHJIMillaX,

H36asHT ropoJKaH OT 3a6oT M pa,liM-

C03,llaHHhiX Ha 6a3e TeXHOJIOfl1l1 HO-

KaJihHO yJiyqiiiaT Haiiiy lKl13Hh. D

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DISCOVERY

,[(eJIO, KOHe'IHO, He B TOM, 'ITO HMeHHO B rop0,11ax ITO-

3KOHOMHKH 6hma HMeHHO ,11epeBHJI.

JIBI1JII1Cb rrepBbie B Esporre o6Il\eCTBeHHhie qacbi -

a6COJIIOTHOe 60Jibllli1HCTBO BCero cpe,IIHeBeKOBOfO

Hei1 o6HTaJio

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JIIO,lla - HO XO,IIOM BpeMeHH yrrpaBJIJIJIH Te, KTO rrpeJK,lle

Tepp11TOp11JIX, orpaHH'IeHHbiX ropO,IICKHMH CTeHaMH,

oropO,IIHJI MeCTO CBOero o6HTaHHJI Bb!COKOM CTeHoi.f:

BCIO 3TY ,1\0JiryiO 3ITOXY TBOpHJiaCh 11CTOp11JI -

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KaK lKI13Hh ceJibCKOM EBpOIThl B006Il\e MaJIO MeHJIJiaCb

pJIX 11 ropoJKaHe. Konh cKopo rrpHHJITO scex JIIO,llei.f

C TetieHHeM BpeMeHH, XOTJI OCHOBOM cpe,IIHeBeKOBOM

Cpe,IIHHX BeKOB ,lleJIHTb Ha TeX, KTO MOJIHTCJI, BOIOeT

AsryCT

2012

M pa6oTaeT, ropO)I(aH CJiet~yeT OTHeCTM K IlOCJie,'IHeMy

3axa6hi- ITO,'IXO):IRII.IMe ,'leKopaQMM ):IJIR ITOITYJIRpHbiX

M3 3TMX COCJIOBMi1:. Ho Me)l(,'ly CeJibCKI1M Tpy)l(eHI1KOM

KapTHH o Cpet~HMX BeKax. Coopy)l(eHI1e KpeiTOCTM

11 ropO,'ICKI1M peMeCJieHHI1KOM - rrporraCTb, HeCMOTpR

HaqaJII1 ellle BeCTfOTbl B V CTOJieTI1M, ee ITpO,'IOJI)I(aJIM

):ja)l(e Ha TO, qTo Hepe,'IKO 3TO MOr 6b!Tb 0):111H 11 TOT )l(e

CTpoMTh Bee Cpet~HeBeKOBbe, ITocne qero, KaK BO):IMTCR,

qenoBeK. l1 3TY rpaH):11103HYIO pa3HI11.1Y eBporreiiQhl

3a6pomnM. ,[(o KapKaccoHQeB

OII.IYII.IaJII1 y)l(e Herrocpet~CTBeHHO B Cpet~H11e BeKa.

t~OIIIJIM

XIX

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HMR KOTOpbiX ITpMrJiaCMJII13HaMeHI1TOf0 peCTaBpaTO-

CKI1i1 CTaBI1JI 3HaK paBeHCTBa Me)l(t~Y KYJihTypoi111 ro-

pa-Ky):leCHI1Ka 3)1(eHa BMOJIJie-ne-,[(IOKa- a OH BCe-

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CTeH, JII0):111 CTaHOBRTCR 11Hb!MI1. B KOHQe KOHQOB OH

KpeiTOCTM C06CTBeHHhie poMaHTI1qeCKMe ,'IOMbiCJibl

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

3.l(aHI1e CTpac6yprcKoro co6opa ,1\0Jiro ocTaBaJIOCb O,l(HI1M 113 CaMbiX Bb!COKI1X COOpy)l(eHI1H M11pa 11 200 JieT -

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rrpoCTpaHCTBO oqeHb

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DISCOVERY

ABryCT

2012

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

HeBeKOBhiM )!(HTeJUIM, HO 3TO He TaK. BaHH Ka)!(,llb!H ,lleHb OHH, KOHe'IHO, He IIpHHHMaJIH, HO pa3 B He,lleJIIO

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3TH rop,llble JIIO,liH,

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CTI-1 - nOAPAlKAil YCnOBHOMY 113biKY CPEAHEBEKOBO~ KHI-llKHO~ 1-lnn/OMI-1-

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DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

,ll;pym:e -

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DISCOVERY

MamqecKoe, pa3HO-

Jia rrpOCJiaBHThC.H TeM, 'ITO CaMOBOJihHO pa3BeJia He-

l.IBeTHoe EOJihliiOe .H6JIOKO. fop0,11, KOTOpbiH HeH3-

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AsryCT

2012

Bh!COKHX 3,llaHHH. l13 6JieCT.HIQeif ITpa3,11HHqHOH CKOp-

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA Knaccos BHYTPH o~Horo parroHa ~enaeT ropo~cKyiO )I{H3Hh HaCbi~eHHOH H HHTepeCHOH. 3TO xopOIIIO, fOBOpHT OHa, KOr~a Ha YHH'-Ie MHOfO pa3Hh!X HIO~err B pa3HOe BpeM.H cyTOK, OHH CMe!OTC.H, ITh!OT KOcpe, pa60Ta!OT, ryn.HIOT , )I{HBYT- B O~HOM H TOM )l{e MeCTe. Be~h 3TO ropo~. OT~enhHhie

B HeM cne~yeT oxpaH.HTh He

rraM.HTHHKH CTapHHhl, a CaMy ropO~CKy!O

TKaHh. Cero~H.H 3Ta MhiCnh Ka)l{eTC.H oqesH~Horr HO ITOHBeKa

Ha3a~

OHa I1p0113Bena peBOHIO'-IHIO.

A K 1980-M ITO~ BHH.HHHeM H~err ,[l;)l{eK06C pO~HHC.H <<HOBhlll yp6aHH3M>> -

~BH)I{eHHe, OTCTaHBaBlllee

KOHlleiT'-IHIO Tpa~HliHOHHoro ropo~a. c orroporr Ha y3eHhKHe ynoqKn, yiOTHhie 6ynhBapbi, He6onhll1He KBapTanhi, OTKphiToro H ~py)l{eni06Horo K rrelllexo-

~aM . HOBbie yp6aHHCThl ITOIThiTanHCh C03~aTh ryMaHHCTJ1qecKy!O paMKY

~n.H

3BOH!Ol.IHI1 MerarrOHHCOB.

B 3TO )l{e speM.H B ropo~a Haqana B03Bpa~aThC.H

rrpnpo~a .

l1 ~a)l{e

6onhllle -

rrpnpo~a. a He CTpora.H

reoMeTpH.H cTana coaBTopoM HOBhiX rrpoeKTOB. OT

CH~Hei1CKoi1 orrephi MopHa YT30Ha, B 3aCThiBIIIHX rrapycax KOTOpOH qJ1Ta!OTC.H oqepTaHH.H ~peBHHX OKaMeHeHOCTeH, ~0 OHHMITHHCKOfO «l1TJ1qhero rHe3~a:» B ITeKHHe -

apxnTeKTOphi qeprraiOT B~oxHoBeHHe

B rrpHpO~HhiX cpopMaX, C03~aBa.H He TOHhKO OT~enh Hhle 3~aHH.H, HO 11 l.leHhie ropo~a. fiepBblll B MHpe 3KO-

ropo~ CTpOHTC.H cero~H.H B 06be~HHeHHhiX Apa6cKHX 3MHpaTax. OH Ha3biBaeTc.H Mac~ap -

a asTopoM

rrpoeKTa cTan ascTpanHe'-1 Kpnc Eocc. 3~ech cMoryT pa3MeCTHThC.H 50 Th!C.Hq )I{HTenerr- H ITOHTOpbl TbiC.HqH rrpe~rrpH.HTHll , KOTOphie 6y~yT I1pOH3BO~HTh ycnyrn H 3KonornqecKH qncTbie rrpo~yKThi. B Mac~ape

ITO.HB.HTC.H reOTepManbHa.H 3neKTpOCTaH'-IH.H

H cpoToranhBaHnqecKHe Mo~ynn Ha Kphilllax ~OMOB, Ha ynn1..1ax ero 6y~eT ~YTh crrel.IHanhHO opraHH30saHHhii16pH3, a 3a 3eneHbiMI1 HaCa)l{~eHH.HMH 6y~eT yxa)I{HBaTh oco6a.H cncTeMa, yMeiO~a.H o6pa~aTh BO~Y

HeCKOHhKO pa3.

HaM BCeM, KOHeqHO )l{e, He TeprrHTC.H IT06hiBaTh TaM,

ITO~HBHThC.H Ha 113.H~Hble , ITOXO)I{He Ha l.IBeTbl H cppyKThl, cpopMbl H3 BTOpHqHo rrepepa6oTaHHOH ~peBeCHHhl H ~pyr11x MaTepnanos, ~o6biThiX rryTeM pecarrKnHH1 3.[\AH\IIE <tlE,[IE-

TeKTypHOfO MO~epHH3Ma OKa3aHHCh B Hey~o6HOM

PAnbHOIO CY.[\A -

rrono)l{eHHH paCKa.HBllleroc.H Canhepn. fopo~a OTKa-

BOITHO~eHHeM rnaBHOH H~eH HhiHeliiHeH 1..1HBHHH3a-

OCKAPA H\11MEC1EPA

3hiBanHCh 6biTh CTPYKTypHposaHHhiMH rrperrapaTa-

'-11111 -

B oPA3\11n\11A

MH- OHH XOTenH )!{11Th, KaK BC.HKOe )1{!1BOe cy~eCTBO .

c o6nTaeMhiMH 6onhliiHMH .H6noKaMH Mac~ap cMo-

2. noniOoOBATbCf1

l1 c 3THM qTQ-TO HY)I{HO 6bmo ~enaTh.

ra. O~HaKo Mac~ap y)l{e cero~H.H Ka)l{eTc.H yTorrnerr,

0.[\HA \113 nOCTPOEK

MAC.[\APOM - 3KOIOPO.[\OM B APAB\11C1-

B 1961 ro~y BhlliiHa B CBeT KHHra ,[l;)l{eHH ,[l;)l{e-

11~e11 TOTanhHOH3KOnOrHqHOCTH. B KOp311HKe

TpHTC.H HeBH~aHHhiM 3K30TJ1qecKHM ITHO~OM, KOTOpblll HeiTOH.HTHO, C KaKOfO KOHI..Ia rrpo6oBaTh. ATTpaKI..IHOH

CKOC1 nYCTbiHE -

K06C <<CMepTb H )I{H3Hh 60HhliiHX aMepHKaHCKHX

HeBH~aHHorr ~e~pocTH B Apasni1cKoi1 rrycThiHe- BKyc

nOKA MO>KHO n\11Wb

ropo~OB:»,

3TOfO cppyKTa OCTaHeTC.H He3HaKOMhiM 6onhliiHHCTBY

HA KOMnbiOTEPHbiX

yTOITH.HX c e~HHoo6pa3HhiM rrnaHnposaHHeM. ,ll;)l{e-

)I{HTenerr Halllerr rrnaHeThi, ee 6onhliiHX 11 ManhiX ropo-

Ko6c BH~HT ~OCTOHHCTBO ropo~a B ero ecTeCTBeHHOM

~os. Mhi rrpn6hiBaeM K HOBO MY 6epery yTorrHH - HO,

\11nniOCTPAI..\\11f1X

DISCOVERY

ITOCTaBHBIIJa.H KpeCT Ha

MO~epHHCTCKHX

pa3H006pa3HH. 0TKa3hiBa.HCh OT H~eH 30HHpOBaHH.H,

6hiTh MO)I{eT, YBH~eHHhie TaM ~HKOBHHKH Hall~JT CBOe

OHa HaCTaHBaeT Ha TOM , qTo TOHhKO CMellleHHe cpyHK-

rrpHMeHeHHe H B yp6aHHCTHqecKOH3BOHIO'-IHH y)l{e cy-

'-IHll , 3~aHHH, rrpe~CTaBHTenerr pa3Hh!X COI..IHanhHhiX

~eCTBYIO~HX ropo~OB 11 HX 6y~y~HX COCe~err? C

AsryCT

2012

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

ECJm: cerOAHJIIIIH11e ropOAa KpeiiKO CTOJIT Ha 3eMJie, TO B HeAaJieKOM 6yAyiD;eM, IIOXO:>Ke, MHOrMe 113 HI1X 6yAyT Apei1:<]_)oBaTh B OKeaHe. fl1raHTCKI1e aBTOHOMHhie KQBqerl1 B CTI1Jie xaii-TeK -

OA11H 113 OCTpoyM-

HbiX Bap11aHTOB perneHI15I IIp06JieMhl rrepeHaCeJieHI15I JIJiaHeThl.

BllaAI-1Ml-1p CAHHI!1KOB B 2003 ro,11y aMep11K3HCKI1H rrpe,11rrp11HI1MaTeJib Hop-

HbiH OCTpOB CT3H,l13pT-AHJieH,l1 p33MepoM B IIOJI-

MaH H11KCOH o6HapO,l10B3JI IIJI3Hbl ITO CTp011TeJibCTBY

MaHX3TTeHa, co6paHHhiH 113 coTeH ThiOPI3aJlii1JlleH-

l\11KJIOIII1qecKoro ropo,11a-Kopa6JI.H Freedom Ship ,l1JII1-

HhiX OT KOpp031111 CT3JibHbiX IIOHTOHOB.

Hoi11400 MeTpOB 11 BO,l10113MeJlleHI1eM 2,7 MI1JIJII10H3

XoT.H 11M.H BepHa B BhiKJia,l1Kax H11KCOHa He yrroMI1-

TOHH, CIIOC06HOfO IIp11H.HTb H3 6opT OKOJIO 85 Tbi-

HaeTC.H, cxo,l1CTBO Me)l{.l1Y CTaH,11apT-AflneH.l1 11 Freedom

c.Hq o611TaTenei1. KaK yTsep)I{,113JI H11KCOH, 6yThiJIKa

Ship oqesi1,11HO. KaK 11 ero JII1TepaTypHbiH rrpe,l1Teqa,

IIIaMrraHcKoro <<B,11osa KJI11KO>> 6y,11eT pa3611Ta o 6opT

Freedom Ship .HBJI.HeTc.H rroHTOHHhiM coopy)l{eHI1eM,

rrepsoro 113 II.HTI1 Freedom Ship B ,l1eKa6pe 2006 ro,11a.

co6paHHbiM 113 520 repMeTHqHbiX CT3JibHbiX MO,l1yJiefl. 21-3T3)1{H3.H IIaJiy6Ha.H H3,11CTpOHK3 KOpa6JI.H ,11JI11HOH 1000, IIII1p11HOH200 11 BbiCOTOH100 MeTpOB rrpe,11CT3B-

KOPA6Jih-UPU3PAK

DISCOVERY

JI.HeT co6ofl H3CTO.HJlii1H ropO,l1CKOH KB3pT3JI C)1{11JibiMI1

l1,11e.H 0 rrepee3,11e Ha IIOCTO.HHHOe MeCTO )1{11TeJibCTB3

arrapTaMeHT3MI1, 60JibHI1l\eH, IIIKOJI3MI1 11 KOJIJie,l1)1{eM,

B OKeaHCKI1e rrpOCTOpbl He HOBa. E111e B 1895 ro,11y 113-

CIIOpT33JI3MI1, 3JIJie.HMI1, TOprOBbiM 1..\eHTpOM, peCTO-

IIO,l1 rrepa )KJOJI.H BepHa BhiiiieJI poMaH «IInasyq11fl

paH3MI1, B3JieTHOH IIOJIOCOH ,11J111HOH 1160 MeTpOB,

OCTpOB>>, B KOTOpOM IIO,l1p06HO OIII1C3H 11CKYCCTBeH-

IIp11q3JIOM ,11JI.H .HXT 11 Tp3B.HHbiM IIOJieM ,11JI.H fOJibcpa.

AsryCT

2012

BITpO'IeM, ITepe'IHCJUITb 'ly):leCa, KOTOpbie HHKCOH

TeJih Edda Fides C KaiOTaMH Ha 600 MeCT.¥1 BCe-TaKH

o6e1.1.1aJI ITOTeHI-IHaJibHhiM o6rrTaTeJIJIM ITJiasyqero ro-

MaCCOBb!Mll TaKHe

cy,~:~a

He CTaHyT.

pot~a, MO)I{HO ):IOJiro. Ho 3a'leM? Bet~h ITpoeKT Freedom

3KCIIepTbl ITOJiaraiOT, 'ITO <iJJIOTeJIH HOBOfO ITOKO-

Ship ):laBHO <<YTOHYJI>>, XOTJI ero OCHOBaTeJib ):10 CHX

JieHHJI 6yt:~YT BbiiiOJIHJITbCJI ITO t:IBYXKOPITYCHOH CXeMe

ITop yTsep)l{):laeT o6paTHoe.

SWATH (small waterplane area twin hull -

B 2004 rot~y HHKCOH 3aiTycTHJI <<YTKY>> o JIK06hi y)l{e

,~:~syx

KOpiTyCHoe CYt:IHO C MaJIOH ITJIOI.I.1a,':lhl0 BaTepJIHHllll),

Bet:~yl.l.1eMCJI cTporrTeJihCTBe Kopa6JIJI. ITo ero yTBep)l{-

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,~:~eHHJIM, c6opKa Freedom Ship B aKBaToprrrr o,~:~Horo H3

,~:~epwKOM Kpw,~:~oM. B SWATH Ha,~:~so,~:~HaJI ITJiaT¢opMa

ITOpTOB fOHJ:~ypaca CHJiaMH 15 Tb!CJI'I pa60'IHX HHH-

yCTaHaBJIHBaeTcJI Ha ropH30HTaJibHhiX mrapoo6pa3-

)I{eHepOB t:~OJI)I{Ha 6biJia 3aHJITh ,~:~sa ro,~:~a. E1.1.1e qepe3

HhiX ITOITJiaBKaX C ITOM01.1.1bl0 BepTHKaJibHbiX OITOp.

fO,l:l HaMe'laJIOCb 3aBepiiiHTb MOHTa)l{ 6opTOBbiX CHCTeM

Cy,~:~a 3TOrO TWIT a CTa6HJibHbl ,':la)l{e ITpH3KCTpeMaJibHOH

rr BHYTpeHHIOIO oT,~:~eJIKY ITOMe1.1.1eHHH. Ha ITOBepKy oKa-

BOJIHe, a ITJIOCKaJI BepXHJIJI ITaJiy6a IT03BOJIJieT HCIIOJib-

3aJIOCh, 'ITO B fOH,l:lypace, He HMeiOI.I.1eM C06CTBeHHOfO

30BaTb ITpOCTpaHCTBO C MaKCHMaJibHOH OT,':Ia'leH.

cy):IOCTpOeHHJI, 0 6ecrrpeQe,~:~eHTHO CJIO)I{HOH C TeXHH-

ITprr sceH: BHernHeH: ITOXO)I{eCTH SWATH ITPHH-

'IeCKOH TO'IKH3peHHJl <<CTpOHKe BeKa1> HHKTO He CJibi-

QHITHaJihHO OTJIH'IaiOTCJl OT 3aKpeiTJieHHbiX Ha

IllaJI. HHKTO ,':la)l{e He BH,':IeJI pa60'IHX qepTe)l{eH cy,~:~Ha.

ITOJIYITOrpy)I{HbiX ITJiaT<lJOpM, 6y,~:~y'IH ITpH 3TOM Ha-

ITo MHeHHIO ITaTpH <l>prr,~:~MaHa, 6hmrnero HH)I{e-

MHOfO ,l:IOpO)I{e B ITpOeKTHpOBaHHH ll ITOCTpOHKe.

Hepa KOMITaHHH Google, a HbiHe -

,':~He

rJiaBbi Hay'IHO-

CKopee scero, wMeHHO QeHosoH: ¢aKTop rr ITpocToTa

rrccJie,~:~oBaTeJihCKoro QeHTpa Seasteading Institute

CTaJIH pernai01.1.1HMH ,':IJIJI JIITOHCKHX y'leHhiX IT pH Bbl-

(w BHyKa H06eJieBCKOrO JiaypeaTa ITO 3KOHOMHKe

6ope TeXHOJIOrHH ,':IJ!Jl B03Be,l:leHHJl rwraHTCKHX ITJia-

MwJITOHa <l>pw,~:~MaHa), 3TH X qepTe)l{eH He cyl.l.1eCTByeT

syqwx aswaTepMwHaJIOB B paMKax ITpoeKTa TRAM

B ITpwpo,~:~e, a BCJI3ITOITeJI c Freedom Ship oT Ha'laJia ,~:~o

(Technological research association mega-float).

KOHQa -

Hey,~:~asrnaJicJI ¢wHaHcosaJI a¢epa.

ITpw'lwHa CTpeMJieHHJI JIITOHQeB B MopcKwe ,~:~aJiw

<l>pw,~:~MaH yTsep)l{t:~aeT, 'ITO peaJIH30BaTh ITpoeKT

Jie)I{HT Ha ITOBepXHOCTH: OCTpOBa 3a):lhiXaiOTCJI OT

,~:~e

ITO C03,':1aHHIO o<iJrnopHOH KOJIOHHH MO)I{HO B ,~:~eCJITKH

<lJwQHTa 3eMJIH. PeaJiw3aQwJI ITpoeKTa TRAM Ha'laJiaCh

pa3 ,~:~ewesJie. ,ll;JIJI3Toro ,~:~ocTaTO'IHO KYITHTh roTOBhiH

B 1995 ro,~:~y B TOKHHCKOM 3aJIHBe Ha MeJIKOBO,l:lbe 6JIH3

KPYH3HhiH JiaH:Hep, oCHa1.1.1eHHhiH sceM Heo6xo,~:~wMhiM ,':IJIJI aBTOHOMHOfO ITJiaBaHHJI, ll OT'IaJIHTb OT 6epera. EoJiee Toro, )l{eJiai01.1.1He ITOKHHYTh rpernHyiO 3eMJIIO ll

HaBcer,~:~a

3MHrpwpoBaTh B OTKpb!TOe MOpe ,':laBHO

MOfJIH C,l:leJiaTb 3TO.

C BU,IJ;OM HA MOPE C Ha'laJIOM OCBOeHHJI rneJib<lJOBbiX He<iJTera30BbiX paHOHOB B KOHQe 1970-X ,l:I06biBai01.1.1HM KOMITaHHJIM ITpwrnJIOCh pernaTh HeiTpoCTyiO

3a,~:~aqy

opraHH3a-

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o6opy,~:~oBaHHJI yCTaHaBJIHBaJIH )l{llJihie Ha):ICTpOHKH. B cpasHeHww c o6bi'IHhiMH cy,~:~aMw ITJiaT¢opMbi 6oJiee yCToH'IHBhi K CHJihHOH BOJIHe w o6eciTe'lwBa-

COnHEY HbiE nAHEnVI ,

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300 MeTpOB, Ha KOTOpOM 6hiJIH ITpOBe,':leHhl 3KCITepH-

ll OITpOKHHYJIH 2500-TOHHbiH HOpBe)I{CKHH <iJJIOTeJib

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OT ITJiaT<iJopM OTKa3aJIHCb B ITOJ!b3Y He,~:~oporwx ITepe-

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FREEDOM SHIP 3nEKTPVIYECTBOM , OnPECHVITEnbHbllli 3ABO):l nVITbEBOIIi BO):lOIIi , A nnAHTAI..IVIVI- CBE-

ITocJie 3Toro K Mera¢JioyTy ITpHCThiKOBaJiw e1.1.1e ITJITh Mo,~:~yJieH:, yseJIH'IHB t:~JIHHY ,~:~o 1200 MeTpoB. TecTrrpoBaHwe KOHCTPYKI-IHH, 3aHJIBrnee

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>KVIMVI <t:>PYKTAMVI

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ITpaKTH'IeCKH He OTJIH'IaeTCJI OT Ha3eMHbiX aHaJIOfOB.

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA BHE3EMHA.H QHBHJIH3AI.VI.H BrrpoqeM, Ha poJih ¢yH,t~aMeHTa ,t~JIJI 6y,t~yl.llero rrJiaByqero ropo,t~a HeyCTOllqi1Bbie IIOHTOHbl He fO,[IJITCJI. A BOT KPYI13Hhie JiaH:Hepbi 11JII16ap)l{11, cqi1TaeTy6e)l{.!leHHhiH JII16epTap11aHeQ IT11Tep TI1Jih, 3a Hei1MeHI1eM Jiyqrnero 11 Ha rrepBoe BpeMJI -

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rrepBoro qacTHoro KOCMI1qecKoro rrepe-

B03qi1Ka SpaceX, ,t~aBHO o,t~ep)I{11M 11,11eeH: co3,t~aHI1JI He3aBI1CI1Moro

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B oKeaHe, BhiiiOJIHJIIOJllero

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xo,t~I1TCJI B CIIOKOHHOM rJiy6oKOBO,!IHOM paHOHe Me)l{,t~y 135-155° 3aiia,!IHOH ,!IOJifOThl 1135-42° CeBepHOH IIII1p0Thl. To eCTh B QeHTpe 3HaMeHI1TOro TI1XOOKeaHcKoro <<MyCOpOBOpOTa», KOJIOCCaJibHOfO - IIJIOJlla,[lb!O 6oJiee 700 TbiCJiq KBa,t~paTHbiX KI1JIOMeTpOB -

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Ma!OT 3aJIBKI1 OT COI1CKaTeJieH. EoJiee 800 KOMIIaHI1H

f0BOH 30Hhi CiliA 6113HeC-11HKy6aTop rro,t~6araMCKI1M

113 52 CTpaH y)l{e OCTaBI1JII1 Ha CaHTe BJueseed CBOI1

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pe3IOMe. 113 HI1X 20% 11Me!OT aMep11KaHCKI1e a,t~peca.

JieH, He 11Mei0Jlii1X B03MO)I{HOCTI1 IIOJIYqi1Tb pa6oqy10

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Technology. BHernHe Clubstead rroxo)l{ Ha o6bJqHhie rroJiyrrorpy)I{Hbie IIJiaT¢opMbl C BepT11KaJibHbiMI1 OIIOpaMI1-

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DISCOVERY

AsryCT 2012

3,5 MllJIJillOHa 20-30 JieT.

CTBO Clubstead ropa3tiO 6moKe K KapKaCHoii cTpyK-

l\llOHHhiX 3aTpaTaX MeHee

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HAH~3KOA

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY

ABryCT

2012

3A CY<!JPA>KV1CTCKV1E Y6E>K,ll,EHV1S1 nAHKXEPCT HE PA3 APECTOBbiBAnV1 V1 OTnPABnS1nV1 B TIOPbMY

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DISCOVERY

ABryCT

2012

Ha TeaTpaJihHhiX 6aJIKOHaX IIO):IHHMaJiaCh ):10 38 rpa):lyCOB.

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TYP~CT~YECK~XTPEHAOB H OBOii13EnAHA~~

Kl1Bl1aHbl.

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

M ECTO HA KAPTE ACDP~KA

1. BYnKAH HbMPArOHrO, AEMOKPATM"'ECKASI PECnY&nMKA KOHrO MECTO: «TapeJIKa>> KI1ITHII1ei1 JiaBbJ. HCTOPHSI: ByJIKaH Hb11paroHro- O,I\11H 113 caMhiX aKTI1BHhiX Ha rrJiaHeTe. C KOHl\a XIX BeKa 3,!\eCh 3apemcTp11poBaHo 6oJiee 30 113Bep)l(eHI1H, ITOCJie,I\Hee 113 KOTOpbiX rrp01130UJJIO B 2002 ro,11y, KOf,I\a JiaBa, crrycKaHCb ITO CKJIOHaM CO CKOpOCTb!O 100 KMj'-1, Bbl)l(fJia '-!eTBepTb fOMbl - ropo,11a CMI1JIJII10HHbiM HaceJieHI1eM - 11 ,1\0UJJia ,110 o3epa K11sy. Bcero Ha C'-leTy Hb11paroHro 11 coce,I~Hero BYJIKaHa HhHMJiampa ITO'-ITI1 ITOJIOBI1Ha BCeX 113Bep)l(eHI1H, 3aqmKC11pOBaHHbiX Ha acpp11KaHCKOM KOHTI1HeHTe. B KpaTepe Hb11paroHro ecTb 03epo ropH'-IeH JiaBhl, KOTOpaH ITO'-ITI1 HI1KOf,I\a He 3aTBep,IIeBaeT. liOCJie OTKpbiTI1H 3,!\eCb Hal\110HaJibHOro rrapKa B 2010 ro,11y Ha sepUI11HY BYJIKaHa pa3 B He,I~eJIIO ,IIOrrycKaiOTCH TYPI1CTI1'-!ecKI1e rpyrrrrhJ.

<J>AKT: 06ll1eCTBeHHO-ITOJII1TI1'-IeCKaH o6CTaHOBKa B CTpaHe HeCTa611JibHa,

DISCOVERY

AsryCT 2012

11 rryTeUJeCTBOBaTh 3,!\eCh JIY'-Illle B KOMITaHI111 Ha,IIe)I(Hb!X COIIpOBO)I(,IIa!Oii111X.

AEMOKPATW-iECKASI PECnY5/U1KA KOHrO roM a

•

K.,Hwaca

B AOPOrY: IIepeJieT MocKBa K11HUJaca, Brussels Airlines (qepe3 EpiOcceJih), OT 63 560 py6. IIepeJieT K11HUJaca foMa, Stellar Airways, CAA Compagnie ·~ Africaine d'Aviation, 1..\eHbi- rro 3arrpocy. ~

BH3A: OT 15 ,I\Hei1, OT $50. BA>KHO: fopa3,IIO rrpoll1e ,1106paTbCH ,110 Hb11paroHro 113 K11raJI11, CTOJII1l\hi coce,I\Hei1 PyaH,I\hi, rro xopoUieMy UJocce (181 KM). BaM ITOHa,I\0611TCH pyaH,I\11HCKaH MYJihTI1BI13a (oT 3 ,1\HeH:, OT $15).

nErKIAM HA nOAbEM ABAHTIOPIACTAM nOCBSilUAETCSI: HE06bl"iHbiE YrOnKIA nnAHETbl lA KAK TYAA A06PATbCSI, "iT06bl YBIAAETb BCE CBOIAMIA rnA3AMIA. POCCII1SI

2. AOM KY3HE1.4A KMPMnnOBA, KYHAPA, CBEPAnOBCKASI O&n. MECTO:

«I1pHHI1qHhiH ,1IOM11K» Ha YpaJie.

~CTOP~SI: HaiTpaBJIHHCh ITO BepxoTypcKoMy TpaKTY 113 EKaTe-

CI>AKT:

p11H6ypra B HeBhHHCK, Ha Bbe3,!\e B ,11epesyrnKy KyHapa cJie,l\yeT

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•

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Ha):l ero yKparneHI1eM IToqTI1 15 JieT, c 1956,1101970 ro,11a . .[l;eKop sechMa

B AOPOrY:

3KJieKTI1qeH: COBeTCK11H rep6 , KpaCHhie

pHH6ypr, <<A3pOcpJIOT1>, «TpaHC33pO >>,

IIepeJieT MocKBa -

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<<BHM-3B113», «YpaJibCKHe 3BI13JIHHI1H>>,

CJiaBy 0KTH6pH COCe,l(CTBYIOT C llepKOB-

S7, OT 10 770 py6.

HOH CI1MBOJII1KOH, cJioBaMI1 113 «IIycTb BCer,!la 6y,11eT COJIHI.Ie >> 11 cpaHT3CTYJqecKH-

HAB~rAU~SI: l13 EKaTepHH6ypra 80 KM

MH I.IBeTaMH. TeM He MeHee BCe B l.leJIOM

Ha cesep, B cTopoHy BepxHeH: ITbiiiiMhi,

BhirJIH.l\HT coseprneHHO opraHI1qHo.

ITO ,l\Opore MeCTHOfO 3HaqeHHH.

EBPOnA

Kasana

3.0CTPOBTACOC,rPE~MR MECTO:

CanoH .. K,.•

MpaMopHbiH oCTpoB B 3rei1cKoM Mope.

HCTOPHSI: Kort~a-To

oCTpoB Tacoc 6hiJI ITPOI-IBeTaiOI.Qefl He-

33BI1CI1MOi1 ,'leMOKp3TI1qecKOH pecrry6JI11KOH C o6nmpHbiMI1

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AKT:

paCKOITK3X, paBHO K3K 11 CT3TYI1113 MpaMopa, KOTOpb!H ):I06bi-

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CTI1qecKoe BITeqaTJieHI1e 11 .HBJI.HeTC.H O):IHOH 113 fJI3BHbiX CT3Tefl ):IOX0):\3 OCTpOBI1T.HH.

B AOPOrY:

B 2009 rot~y HeiTo):laJieKy oT ITpeKpacHbiX

KI1, Astra Airlines, <~A3po¢noT», <<BI1M-

ITJI.H)I(efl, TaHHhiX ITei.Qep 11 yiOTHhiX 6yxT

ABI1a>>, OT

IlepeneT MocKBa -

CanoHI1-

550 py6.

Tacoca Ha rny611He OKOJIO 100 M 6hiJII1 o6Hapy)l(eHbi ITpeKpaCHo coxpaHI1Bnmec.H

HABHrA~HSI: l13 CanoHI1KOB 153 KM

OCT3TKI1 ,'lpeBHero rop0,'\3. Cy):I.H ITO BCeMy,

H3 BOCTOK ):10 ropO,'IK3 KaBaJia ITO Tpacce

fJI3BHbiH xpaM, H3ITOMI1H3IOI.Q11H a<lJI1H-

E90. JJ:anee ITapoMoM ):IO Tacoca, €9,2.

CKI1H Ilap<!JeHOH, T3K)I(e 6hiJI ITOCTpOeH 113 llleHreH, OT 3 t~Hefl, 1365 py6.

MeCTHOfO MpaMOpa. 3TO co6hiTI1e ITOtj-

BH3A:

XJieCTHYJIO 11HTepec He TOJibKO K OCTpOBy,

ITJIIOC ycnyr11 BI130BOfO UeHTpa OT 700 py6.

DISCOVERY

ABryCT

2012

--------------------------------------------------------------------------6JU1>KHillr11 BOCTOK

4. MACKAY, CYnTAHAT OMAH MECTO:

•

CaMbiH6biCTpopacTyiiiHH ropo,11 Ha BocToKe.

MacKaT

VICTOPVISI:

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EJIH)I(HeM BocToKe, MO)I(eT rroxsaCTaThCJI 6oraTOHHCTOpHei1. Ellie

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rrocTb, BOpOTa KOTOpofl 3aiiHpaJIHCb C 3aXO,liOM COJIHQa. 3,lleCb

HaXO,liJITCJI B 300 M OT Hero, qyTb

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•

JieTHJI 6Jiaro,11apJ1 MOIIIHOMY 3KOHOMHqeCKOMY pOCTY ropO,ll rrpespaTHJICJI B O,liHH

Cl»AKT:

l13 CaMbiX KpaCHBbiX l1 COBpeMeHHbiX

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CTaphie sopOTa MacKaTa. B HHx pac-

Jiy,

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B AOPOrY:

IlepeJieT MocKBa - MacKaT,

Emirates (qepe3 )J;y6ai1), OT

21 900 py6.

6ypHoro pacQBeTa MacKaTa Ha py6e)l(e

XX H XXI seKOB. Ha caMOM )l(e ,11eJie 3TO

BVI3A: 0T 7 ,liHefl, OT 1750 py6.

IOfO-BOCTOl.IHASI A3~SI

5. XPAM nYPA-TAHAX-nOT, &AnM, MHAOHE3MSI MECTO: XpaM Ha cKaJie B Mope. VICTOPVISI: JiereHt~a o6 ocHoBaHHJil HHt~YHCTCKoro MOHaCThipH Ilypa-TaHax-JloT KpacHBa, snpoqeM, KaK 6oJihiiii1HCTBO JiereHt~. B XV seKe MOHax H11papTXa npHIIIeJI CIOt~a, set~OMhiM TaHHCTBeHHhiM JiyqoM, KOTOpb!M 611JI 113 CKaJibl B OKeaHe. Jlyq CJii.HJI 113 TOrO MeCTa, OTKyt~a BhiTeKaJI pyqeif npeCHOM BOt\hl, 11 Ha :':JTOM CKaJie H11papTXa OCHOBaJI xpaM. 11cTOqHJiiK cy~eCTsyeT 11 cerot~HH , y MeCTHhiX )I{Ji!TeJieif OH (qJi!TaeTC.H l.leJie6HbiM. OKoJio 30 JieT Ha3at~ xpaM et~sa He nom6 - BOJ!Hhl CTOJ!h OCHOBaTeJibHO not~ MhiJIJil OCHOBaHHe CKaJihl, qTQ OHa CTaJia pa3pyiiiaThCH. EJiarot~ap.H qacTHhiM JiiHBeCTOpaM 113 5InOHI111, BJIO)I{JiiBIIIJiiM B peKOHCTpyKI.IJii!O 6oJiee 100 MJiiJIJIJiiOHOB t\OJIJiapOB, xpaM yt~aJIOCh CIIaCTJil. CbAKT: IlOCKOJihKY xpaM t~eMCTBYIO~Ji!M , BXOt\Ji!Th B Hero MOryT TOJihKO sepyiO-

DISCOVERY

AsryCT 2012

~HAOHE3~SI

A>KaKapTa

•

AeHnacap

~11e. Ho seeM rocT.HM t~03BOJI.HeTCH BhinHTh BOt\hl 113 CB.H~eHHOrO Ji!CTOqHJi!Ka.

B AOPOrY: ITepeJieT MoCKsa - L(eHnacap, Emirates 11 Garuda Indonesia (qepe3 L(y6aif Ji!,[()l{aKapTy), OT 41350 py6. HABVIrA~VISI: 113 ,UeHnacapa asTOM06HJieM oKoJio 20 KM Ha cesepo-3anat~.

BVI3A: ,Uo 30 t~Heif npe6hiBaHHH He Tpe6yeTCH.

DISCOVERY

CaMo reorpacpnqecKoe rroJIO)I(eHHe ropo-

CTOHJia, H cero,LIHH B ee rrpoxna,LIHbiX 3a-

,[la H3,LipeBJie 11rpano eMy Ha pyKy. ITepBbie

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5 Tbi-

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AOCbE DISCOVERY OCAAA POAOCA 1522 rOAA-

TpeTb5l nonbiTKa soi-1cK OcMaHcKoi-1 VIMnepVIVI 3asoesaTb

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30 TbiC5lY YeJlOBeK. B KOHL\e KOHL\OB , VI3MyYeHHble AilVITeJlbHOi-1 OCaAOi-1, 20 AeKa6p5l 1522 rDAa POAOCL\bl KanVITYilVIpOBaJlVI. 0cTaBWVIeC5l B )I(VIBbiX 3a~VITHVIKVI OCTpOBa CMOfJlVI 6ecnpen5lTCTBeHHO ero nOKVIHYTb.

DISCOVERY OTKPbiTbl~ M~P

BKyCOBhiX OTTeHKOB HaBeBaiOT Mh!CJII1

ro 6a3apa. He cqecTh KpacoqHhrx orrl1ca-

0 HeTOpOIIJII1BOM Tparre3e 3a 11HTepeCHOM

HI1M 11 cpaBHeHI1M B CKa3KaX 11 paCCKa3aX

6ece,11oM:, KOr,l1a o6e,11aiOII111e rronyne)J{aT

rryTeiiieCTBeHHI1KOB, HO, KaK fOBOpHT My-

Ha MHfKI1X ITO,l1YIIIKaX. 0,11HaKO 0611JI11e

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B3phiBHOM

TeMrrepaMeHTe

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B MapMap11ce CTOI1T o6H3aTeJihHO. YpiOK,

HaiiOMHI1T 0 3HaMeHI1TOM, 6oraTOM Kpa-

Kypara, 113IOM, 11H)J{11p, rpeQK11e opex11,

coqHhiMI1 cpaBHeHI1HMI1 BOCTOqHOM BeJie-

)J{apeHh!M <l>YH.l1yK, apaXI1C, 4>11CTaiiiKI1 -

peqi1BOCTI1, B KOTOpOif, CJIOBHO B rraTOKe,

see 6oraTCTBa BocToKa Bhi MO)J{eTe rrorrpo-

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CaMOe 11HTepeCHOe Ha BOCTOqHOM pb!H-

cKoro QeHTpa, HaM,l111Te ManeHhKI1M ce-

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CHaqana rrpo,11aBell 3a HeCKOJihKO ceKyH.l1

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oQeHI1BaeT rroKyrraTeJIH - orrpe,11enHeT ero

o6pa311e HaQ110HaJihHOM: KYXHI1. ITepBoe,

HaQ110HaJihHOCTh, B03paCT, COQ11aJihHOe

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nETPA B MV1HV1ATIOPE 2. MY>KYV1Hbl , TKYlllV1E KOBPbl, Y>KE HE PE,QKOCTb HA YJ1V1UAX MAPMAPV1CA. OAHAKO KOBPOTKAYECTBO no-nPE>KHEMY CYV1TAETCS1 >KEHCKV1M PEMECJlOM 3. BO BPEMS1 PACKOnOK HA TEPPV1TOPV1V1

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DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

H cospeMeHHhie TKa'IHXH.

Y py'IHhiX KOB-

pos pHCYHKI1 HI1KOf,!la He IIOBTOpHIOTCH, TO eCTh, rrp11o6peTaH TaKoe 113,!\eJme, Bhi CTaHOBI1TeCh

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y3JIOB B MI1HYTY

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90 °C, 11 KOKOHhl

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llAP AJIJIEJibHbiU MUP ECJII1 Bhl 3aXOTI1Te OCMOTpeTh 113pe3aHHOe 6yxTaMI1 11 naryHaM11 rro6epe)l{he MapMap11Ca CO CTOpOHhl MOpH, TO OKa)l{eTeCh B palO.

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HaBCTpeqy HOBhiM

rrp11KJIIO'IeHI1HM. B oKpecTHOCTHX MapMap11ca pacrrono)l{eHo OKOJIO

50 CaM06biTHhiX ,!lepesyrneK.

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DISCOVERY OTKPbiTbl~ M~P

B 3TOM MeCTe eBoepiiieHHO He oll(yll(a-

OpxaHI1e rroepe,1111 3a1111Ba HeOJKI1,llaHHO

B HeeK011hKI1X KI1110MeTpax OT OpxaHI1e

eiiih TeqeHI1JI speMeHI1. ,[1;1111HHaJI 11 y3KaJI

BbipaCTaeT OCTpOB, yseHqaHHhiH pa3Ba-

11eJK11T ,11epeBHJI TyprJT. OT ee QeHTpa

raBaHb 11,11ea11bHO IIO,liXO,lll111a ,li11Jl pa3Me-

1111HaMJ1 CTap11HHOfO 3aMKa, -

3TO Bee,

K MOp!O Be,lleTTpOIII1HKa, rreT11JIIOII(aJI epe-

Il(eHJ1Jl aHTJ1qHoi1 KperroeTI1: see Kopa6-

qTo oeTa11oeb oT aHTJ1qHoro ropo,11a EI1-

,1111 BhieOKI1X eTpoi1HhiX 3BKa1111IITOB. OT 11x

1111, 11.liYliii1e eiO,lla, 6hi1111 KaK Ha 11a,liOHI1.

6aeeoea.

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Booa 6 6yxme Bcezoa cnmwii1ta5l, Cll06Ho 3epKaJlbHa5lZJlaob, aMeJICoy meM 3oecb ecmb 6eCbMa CUJlbHble noo600Hbie metteHU5l. 0Humo u HaHecJlu nectta11y10 Kocy npom5lJICeHHocmb10 oKoJlo 600 Mempo6, no Komopoii Jl1065lm zyll5lmb omobixaww,ue. Buo5l, KaK no Booe aKu nocyxy xooflm Jl100U, noHuMaeUlb, ttmo :Jmo maKa5l UlymKa npupoobl, 110 ow,yw,eHue ttyoa Bee pa6HO ocmaemcfl.

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Hoe ,11epeso 3TI1X MeeT -

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IV-II

BeKaMI1 ,110 H. 3. Bhi611Thie rrpJIMO

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11eTop11JI. ,[J;a11eKo 11 pJI.liOM.

J1IO,lll1 poJK,11a1111eh 11 yM11pa1111, 11106111111 11 CTpa,11a1111, pa,liOBa11J1eb 11 rpyeTJ11111. ,[J;peBHI1e KaMHI1 6bi1111 TOr,lla, eeTh eeflqae, YBI1,liJIT Haiiii1X rroTOMKOB 11 rro,11a pJIT 11M OKA3ABWV1Cb B MAPMAPV1CE, HEnV1WAC1TE CE6~ YAOBOnbCTBV1~ HACnAAV1TbC~ BO BPEM~ MOPCKV1X nPOIYnOK KPACV1BbiMV1 BV1AAMV1

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

n05EPE)I(b~

B03MOJKHOeTh rrp11KOeHyTheJI K 11eTOp1111, rroqysCTBOBaTh ee ,llhiXaHJ1e.

DISCOVERY no3HaBaR Mll1p , 'leflOBeK 111CnOflb3yeT BCe opraHbl 'IYBCTB- 111 BKYC He 111CKfl/O'IeHII1e. Hanii1TKII1, e,lla 111 npii1CnOC06neHII1R /],J1R ee npll1rOTOBfleHII1R CnOC06Hbl ,llaTb nii1UJY He TOflbKO JKeny,llKy, HO 111 yMy.

PEUEnTbl nOA PYKOH MTa11h51HCKa51 rracTa - rrpaKTI1'1eCKI1 6ecrrpOHrph!IIIHb!H sapHaHT yromeHI151 .l\1151 11106oro co6hiTI151: seqepHHKH, poMaHTH'IecKoro y)!(HHa H11H rrpoCTo ceMeifHoro o6e,l\a. TeM 6o11ee 'ITO crroco6os ee rrpHroTOB11eHI151 cymecTsyeT se11HKoe MHO)!(eCTBO. MTa11b51HCKa51

nPABHnbHASI CS»OPMA

L •

<t>opMa rmpaMH.l\hi xoporna He T011hKO ,l\1151 B03Be,l\emm rpaH,l\H03HhiX coopy)!(eHHH, KaK B )J;peBHeM EmiiTe, -

eif OT,l\aiOT rrpe,l\IIO'ITeHHe H COBpeMeHHhie rrpOH3BO,l\HTe11H 'la51.

IIHpaMH.l\KH - 11HHOBaQ110HHhiH <PopMaT rraKeTHpoBaHHoro 'la51: rrp03pa'1HhiH Hei1:1IOH, B OT11H'IHe OT 6yMa)!(Hb!X rraKeTHKOB, 6epe)!(H0 coxpaH51eT BKYC HaiiHTKa, a IIHpaMJ1,1\a11bHa51 <l>opMa II03B01151eT 'laiO 11Y'IIIIe 3aBapHTbC5111 B II011HOH Mepe paCKpb!Th BKYCOBb!e OTTeHKH. B K01111eKQHH 11HCTOBoro 'la51 TESS B rraKeTHKax-rrHpaMH,l\Kax rrpe,l\cTaB11eHo see MHoroo6pa3He BKYCOB, cpe,l\H KOTOpb!X II051BH11HCb HOBHHKH: Ceylon Paradise - qepHb!H Bh!COKOropHb!H QeH1IOHCKHH qaif, Green Way - H3hiCKaHHhiH KHTaifcKwif 3e11eHhiH qaif H Earl Grey Secret - HaChi!lleHHhiH qepHbiH qaif c Qe,l\poH: QHTpycoBhiX H apoMaToM 6epraMoTa.

nP03PA~H~ETEXHOnOrHH 3K0110rH'IHOCTh

•

11 YHKQHOHa11hHbiH

KOMrraHH51 Barilla pa3pa6oTa-

,l\113aHH CTa11H K11IO'IeBb!MH IIOH51TH51MH,

11a Y.li06Hoe HHTepaKTHBHOe

orrpe,l\e115110ll.IHMH COBpeMeHHYIO 6b!TO-

IIpH110)!(eHHe iPasta, KOTOpoe

BYIO TeXHHKy. IIpoH3BO.l\HTe11H cTpeM51TC51

ceifqac ,1\0CTYIIHO Ha HTa11h51H-

K C03,1\aHHIO rrpH60pOB, MaKCHMa11hHO

CKOM, aHr11HHCKOM H pyccKOM

OTBe'laiOil.IHX 3THM Tpe6osaHI151M. E11aro-

513hiKax, - Terreph o611a,l\a-

,l\ap51 CO'IeTaHHIO BhiCOKOKa'leCTBeHHOrO

Te1111 M06H11bHh!X ycTpOHCTB

TepMOCTOHKOfO CTeKJia HeMeQKOH <PwpMbl

Apple, HHTepecyromwec51

Schott Duran H Hep)!(aBeromeH: CTa11H BO,l\a

HTa11h51HCKoi1: KYXHeif, cMoryT

B qaifHHKe VITEK VT -1172 He rrpHo6peTaeT

B 111060if MOMeHT o6paTHTh-

HHKaKHX IIOCTOpOHHHX rrpHBKyCOB. CbeM-

C51 K o6IIIHpHOH K01111eKQHH

Hb!H <l>H11bTp MO)!(HO Mh!Th spy'IHYIO H11H

peQeiiTOB rraCThi OT rne<P-

B rrocy,l\OMOe'IHOH MaiiiHHe. 3a 6e3orrac-

rrosapos Barilla.

HOCTb IIpH6opa OTBe'laeT cepTH<l>HliHpOBaHHh!H KOHTp01111ep aHr11HHCKOH <l>HpMbl Otter: qaifHHK aBTOMaTH'IeCKH OTK11IO'IHTC51 rrpH 3aKHIIaHHH H11H rrpH OTCJTCTBHH BO,l\hl.

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

PO>KAEHHbiH B AOMir1Hir1KAHE 0,11HHM H3 HaH6onee nonymipHbiX BO BCeM MHpe COU:HaJihHhiX TaHu;eB Hap51.l1Y C Ky6HHCKOH CaJihCOH MO)I(HO C'IHTaTh ,l10Ml1HHKaHCKYIO 6a'laTy. "l£yBCTBeHHhiH, He)I(HhiH TaHeu; KaK HeJib351 JIY'Iille Bnl1CbJBaeTC51 B aTMOccpepy )l(l13Hl1 3TOH CTpaHbl -

COJI-

He'IHOH,HeToponJIHBOH,6e33a6oTHOH. 0KYHYThC51 B npoHHKHOBeHHhie pHTMhl 6a'laThl CMOfJIH fOCTH Be'lepa, KOTOpbiH He TaK ,11aBHO npoweJI B MocKBe B 6ape Barbados,- 3HaMeHHThiH ,l10Ml1HHKaHCKI1H 6peH,l1 TeMHoro poMa Brugal npe,l1cTaBHJI

>Kir1BASI nErEHAA "'EXIr11r1

•

fOCT51M 3KCKJII03l1BHYIO JIHMHTH-

11CTopH51 nHBa Velkopopovicky Kozel Ha'laJiach B 1870 ro,11y,

poBaHHYIO cepHIO Brugal1888, no-

Kor,11a B He6oJihWOM cene BeJihKe-IIonoBHu;e Heno,l1aJieKy

csmu;eHHYIO ro,11y C03,11aHH51 6peH,l1a.

OT II pam npOMhiWJieHHHK paHTHWeK PHHrxocpcpep KynHJI

TaK )l(e KaK H 6a'laTa, 3TOT Bhi,l1ep-

CTapHHHYIO nHBOBapHIO. 3M6JieMOH nHBa CTaJIO l1306pa)l(eHHe

)l(aHHhiH pOM, o6Jia,l1aiOil\l1H M51fKI1M

K03Jia, ,11ep)l(all\ero nHBHYIO KPY)I(Ky, a xoTR6hi O.l1HH )I(HBOH

H npRHhiM BKycoM, HenoBTOpHMhiM

CHMBOJI qeruCKoro 6peH,l1a Tpa.l1HU:HOHHO o6HTaeT Ha TeppHTo-

apOMaTOM I151pKI1Ml1 cppyKTOBhiMH

pHH 3aBO,l1a. Ha cerO,l1H51lUHI1H ,l1eHh 3TO nHBO -

HOTaMH, BOnJIOTHJI B ce6e n03TH'I-

JII06HMhiX B "l£eXHI1l1 CaMbiX l13BeCTHhiX 3a npe,l1eJiaMH CTpaHbl.

0,11HO l13 CaMhiX

HYIO H )l(l13HeJII06HBYIO aTMoccpepy

liMBO Velkopopovicky Kozel TeMHoe sapHTCR no cneu;HaJihHOMY

,[(oMHHHKaHCKOH Pecny6JIHKH.

peu;emy l13 oco6ofi CMeCH HeCKOJihKHX COpTOB COJIO,lja: CBeTJIOfO, 6asapCKoro, )l()l(eHoro H KapaMeJihHoro. Enaro,11ap51 3TOMY

~PE3MEPHOEYnOTPE6nEH~EAnKOrOn~ BPEA~TBAWEMY3AOPOBb~

OHO npHo6peTaeT CBOH C,l1ep)l(aHHhiH, HO HaChiil\eHHhiH apoMaT, HaTypaJibHhiH TeMHhiH U:BeT l1 6oraTbiH 6apxaTHCThiH BKyc.

nPEAYnPDKAAEM 0 BPEAE ~PE3MEPHOrO nOTPE6nEH~~ n~BA

HAYKA BKYCA Kor,11a IIeTp I B 'IHCJie npo'IHX HoswecTB crreu;HaJihHhiM yKa3oM BBeJI o6bJ'IaH nHTh KOcpe, 3K30TH'IeCKI1H HanHTOK HeMHOrHM npHweJIC51 no ,11ywe H ell\e ,l10Jiro 6hiJI He B 'IeeTH y pyccKoro ,l1BOp51HCTBa. JIHillh nocJie BOHHhl 1812 ro,11a CHTyau;H51l13MeHHJiaCb: pyccKHe ocpHu;epbi, no6bmaswHe B Espone, pacrrpo6osaJIH apOM3THhiH HanHTOK, l1 MO,lja Ha Hero CTaJia 6biCTp0 pacnpoCTpaH51ThC51. Cero,l1H51 Kocpe c Y.l10BOJihCTBHeM nhiOT Ml1JIJII10Hhl HalUHX COOTe'leCTBeHHHKOB, l1 Bhi6op BB03l1MhiX 3epeH nopa3HTeJihHO BeJIHK. 0.11HH H3 cTapefiwHx esponewCKHX KOcpei1HhiX 6peH,l10B- KOMnaHH51 Tchibo. TpH rJiaBHhiX npHHU:Hna COCTaBJI51IOT OCHOBY npOI13BO,l1CTBa KOcpe Tchibo Exclusive: oT6opHa51 BhiCOKoropHaR apa6HKa, HH,l1HBH.l1YaJihHa51 06)1(apKa pa3HhiX napTI1M3epeH l1 cneu;HaJihHa51 BaKyyMHa51 ynaKOBKa C KJianaHOM, KOTOpbiM nOMOraeT 3epHaM ,ljhiillaTh, 6naro,11ap51 'leMy Kocpe ,l10Jiro coxpaHReT cse)l(eCTh H apoMaT.

DISCOVERY rOPOA

PA30MKHYTb KOnbU.O KaK 11 Apyrwe Merarronwchi MHpa, MoCKBa BeKaMH rroCTyrraTeJihHO rrpwpaCTana B pa3Mepax, ocsawBaJI BCe HOBbie IIpOCTpaHCTBa. fOA Ha3aA, B cepeAHHe HIOJIJI 2011-ro, pOCCHHCKaJI CTOJIHll;a BHe3aiiHO yBeJiwqwJiaCb B ABa CIIOJIOBHHOH pa3a, IIOAHJIBIIIHCh B peHTHHre KpyrrHeHIIIHX ropOAOB MHpa C OAHHHaAu;aTOrO cpa3y Ha IIIeCTOe MeCTO. qeM 3TO AJIJI Hee o6epHeTCJI?

Ha3BaHHe CTaJIO HeOcpH'-\HaJibHhiM HMeHeM

CTOJIH'-\hi H ITpespaTHTh EeJioKaMeHHYJO

Taro BHYIIIHTeJihHoro KycKa 3eMJIH, KOTO-

B COBeprneHHO HOBhiH, HeBH~aHHhiH ~oce

MocKBa, 1937-ii. IloyMhiTOH~O)I(~eMITJio

pbiH pocqepKOM IT epa ro~ Ha3a~ ITpHpe3aJIH

Jie ropo~. He CTOJihKO H~eOJIOrHH pa~H -

llla~H Csep~JIOBa ~BH)I(eTC.H Ka6pHoJieT. 3a

K CTOJIH'-\e. CpaBHeHHe COBeTCKOrO XOJICTa

CKOJihKO

pycosoJioca.H ~esyrnKa. 0Ha

C COBpeMeHHOH ~eHCTBHTeJibHOCThJO MHO-

6JieM.

BHHMaTeJibHO CMOTpHT BITepe~: TpacpHK Ha

rHM ITOKa3aJIOCh 3JI060~HeBHhiM. 1930-e

yp6aHHCTOB H CHTH-MeHe~)l(epOB ceifqac.

OxoTHOM p.H~Y ITO TeM speMeHaM ITJIOTHhiH

cTaJIH B CoseTCKOM Co103e 3IToxoii 6oJih-

H ~OBOJihHO xaOTH'IeCKHH , ITO MOCTOBOH

IIIHx CTpOeK H

era pyJieM -

rpaH~H03Hh!X

~JI51

perneHH51 HaCyi.I.IHhiX ITp0-

B o6I.l.leM-TO Tex )l(e, 'ITO 6eciTOK051T

ECJIH B 1926 ro~y )I(HTeJieH CTOJIH'-\hl

ITpOeKTOB.

6hiJIO 'IyTh 60Jihiiie ~BYX MHJIJIHOHOB, TO K 1939-My- y)l(e CBhJIIIe 'IeTbipex. HOBbi-

~BH)I(YTC51 aBT06yChl, qep-

MHOrHe H3 HHX pO)I(~aJIHCh ITO MaHOBe-

HbJe «3I1Chi1>, ITernexo~hJ... 3TOT 3ITH30~.

HHJO BJiaCTHOH pyKH. I1 MHo me KOCHYJIHCh

MH MOCKBH'IaMH CTaHOBHJIHCh B OCHOBHOM

6y~TO BhiXBa'IeHHhiH H3 ITOTOKa ITOBCe-

MocKBhi. Haii~yTc.H B aHHaJiax HCTopHH

Te, KTO ITpHe3)1(aJI B CTOJIH'-\Y H3

~HeBHOCTH 6hiCTpbiM B3rJI5l~OM cpoTope-

CTaJIHHCKOrO yp6aHH3Ma H Te ITpOeKThl,

crraca.HCh OT rOJIO~a H MaCCOBOH KOJIJieK-

ITOpTepa, CTaJI CJO)I(eTOM KapTHHhi IOpH.H

aBTOpbl KOTOpblX CTpeMHJIHCh H3MeHHTh

THBH3al\HH. MHOrHe H3 HHX, oco6eHHO

IlwMeHOBa «Hosa.H MocKBa*. Cero~H513TO

CKJia~hmasrnyJOc.H

)l(eHI.l.IHHhl, )I(HJIH Ha HeJieraJibHOM ITOJIO-

BITepeMeiiiKY

DISCOVERY

AsryCT

2012

seKaMH

CTPYKTYPY

~epeBeHb,

1935 fO.liY feHITJJaH HaqepTHJI ell.le

)l(eHIU1:- y pO,liCTBeHHYIKOB YIJIYI HaHHMa-

ITPO.liOJJ)I(aThCJI 6ecKoHeqHo. «B MocKBe,

HbiH B

JICb s ,liOMpa6oTHYII.Ihl. HH ITOJIBHBumilcJI

KpOMe HeCKOJibKYIX ,llparOQeHHbiX ITaMJIT-

O,!IHY OKpy)I(HOCTb (B peaJJbHOCTb OHa BO-

YIMeHHO TOf,lla YIHCTYITYT ITpOITYICKYI, HYI

HYIKOB 6biJIOH apXHTeKTypbl, HeT TBep,llbiX

ITJIOTHJJaCb TOJibKO B Hallie BpeMJI, B BH,lle

,lla)l(e yrp03a TiopeMHoro cpoKa 3a yKpbi-

OCHOB; OHa BCJI HarpOMO)I(,lleHa B 6eCITO-

TpeTbero TpaHcrropTHoro KOJJbQa), IT03)1(e

BaTeJJbCTBO <<HeJJeraJJOK>> He MOfJIYI OCTa-

pll,liKe H6e3 oiTpe,lleJJeHHoii QeJJH>>,- 3aJI-

CTPYKTYPY 3aKpeiTHJIH KOJihQeBaJI JIHHHJI

HOBYITb 3TOT ITOTOK.

BHJJ asaHrap,liHCT Jle Kop6103he, KOTOpblH

MeTpOITOJIHTeHa M MKA,ll;.

pa60TaJI Ha,ll ITJiaHOM ITepeyCTpOHCTBa

Ebzcmpo pacmyU(uii zopoa caM ce6Jl nocma6Ull 6 mynwc. MocK6a 6nep6ble 6 c6oeii ucmopuu ucnbzmaJLa Kpu3uc poem a. He no6eJICaeHHblU moz(}a, cezo(}HJ! OH o6epHyllCJ! Zlly6oKOU yp6aHUCmUifCCKOU (}enpeccueu.

«HosaJI MocKBa~>

ITOITblTKa BbJ-

1930-1933 fO,llaX.

psaTbCJI H3 ITopoqHoro Kpyra. TeiTepb

Ho ero ycHJJHJI He HaiUJJH ITOHHMaHHJI

MocKBa ,liOTJIHYJiacb,liO rpaHMI.Ihi c KaJiy)I(-

COBeTCKOH CTOJIYII.Ibl B

y pyKOBO,liCTBa CTpaHbl. CTOJIYII.IY BHOBb

CKOH o6naCTb!O, BhmycTHB B !Oro-3aiTa,liHOM

peiUHJJH B3JITb B KOJJbQo: yTsep)l(,lleH-

HaiTpaBJieHYIYI mraHTCKYIH ITpOTy6epaHeQ .liBYX HOBbiX a,liMYIHYICTpaTHBHbiX OKpyroB, HOBOMOCKOBCKOfO Yl TpOHQKOfO, ITO ITJIO-

C CaMOfO HaqaJJa CBOeH YICTOpHH, C TOfO MOMeHTa,

KOr,lla

ll.la,!IH ITpeBhiiUa!Oll.IYIH ITpe)I(HYIH ropO,liCKOH

BJJa,liHMHpO-Cy3,llaJJb-

KOHTYP B ,liBa c ITOJIOBHHOii pa3a. CMeJibiH

CKYIH KHJI3b IOpHii ,ll;onropyKHH BTopr-

ITOJieTa,liMYIHYICTpaTHBHOH Mb!CJIYI- HO He-

cJI so BJJa,lleHHJI nereH,llapHoro 6oJipHHa

c6biBIUaJICll YICTOpHll CTaJIYIHCKOH MoCKBbl

KyqKH, qTo6hi BhiCTpOHTb Ha MeCTe ero

3HaeT M ell.le

yca,llh6hl.llepeBJIHHYIO KpeiTOCTh, MocKs a

6onee cMeJihie ITJiaHhl.

ApxHTeKTop-MeqTaTeJih HHKOJiaii Jla-

1930 fO,lly ITpe,liJIO)I(YIJI He CTeC-

pa3BHBaJJaCb ITO O,!IHOMY CQeHapH!O. IIo-

.liOBCKHii B

CJie,liCTBYill Ka)l(,liOfO HOBOfO ,lleMorpaqm-

HllTb 60JibiUe CTOJIYII.IY TeCHbiMYI o6pyqaMH

qecKOfO B3JieTa paCXO,liYIJIYICb ITO Hell, KaK

M ITpespaTHTb ee B ITapa6ony, B ITO,llo6He

Kpym ITO BO,lle: HepOBHbiH TpeyrOJJbHYIK

rpaH,liYI03HOH KOMeTbl, ll,llpOM KOTOpOH

KpeMJJeBCKHx cTeH, oqepTaHHJI KHTaii-

OCTaHeTCll YICTOpHqecKYIH QeHTp, a XBOCT

ropo,lla, KOJJhl.IO Eenoro ropo,11a, Ca,llosoe

ITPOTJIHeTCJI Ha cesepo-3aiTa,ll. B KaqecTBe

KOJJbQO ... Yp6aHHCTHqecKHe oKpy)I(HOCTH

ocM Jla,!IOBCKHM 6bma Bbi6paHa TsepcKaJI

HaHYI3biBaJIYICb O,liHa 3a ,llpyroil, KaK KOJib-

YJIHQa -

l.la B ,lleTCKOH ITHpaMH,liKe. B ITepBOH ITOJIO-

MHOfOKpaTHO HaiTHCaJI CJIOBO <<ITOJIYITYIKa>>.

B,liOJib Hee Ha CBOYIX 3CKH3aX OH

XX CTOJJeTYill CTaJIO ITOHJITHO: TaKOe

CaM a ITapa6ona 6hiJia ITpoBo3rJiaiUeHa ITpo-

HaHH3biBaHHe Ha e,liHHbiH QeHTp He MO)I(eT

MbiiUJieHHOii 30HOH, ycTpeMJieHHOH B .liBYX

BYIHe

DISCOVERY rOPOA HarrpasneHHHX,BOKpyrHeepacrronarannch arp030Hhl, a

Me)l{,t~y

HHMH 11 ITORI1TJilqecKI1M

nyqoM - )1{11flb!e pai.fOHhl. B KOHI..Ie KOHQOB OCh <<ITORI1TI1KI1>> ,!IOfl)I{Ha 6bina ,!IOTHHYTbCH ,110 J1eHI1Hrpa,t~a , a TsepcKaH -

coe,t~I1-

HI1ThCH c HeBCKI1M rrpocrreKTOM .

BhirnH,t~I1T cpaHTacmqHo -

HO cero,t~

HH, ITO)I{anyi1, rrapa6on11qecK11i1 cpaHTa3M H11KOnaH Jla,t~OBCKOfO MOf 6hi CTaTh rrpo11 3 Be,t~eHI1eM

)l{aHpa

srronHe

B cpasHeHI111

peani1CTI1qecKoro c

JOro-3arra,t~HhiM

CQeHap11eM. J1a,t~OBCKI1M Bbi6pan BeKTOp, 11Me!Oll.\11M 6onhiiiOM ITOTeHQ11an 11MeHHO K yp6aHI1CTI1qecKOMY pa3BI1THJO: ,t~Opora, orr11caHHaH Pa,t~I1Il.leBhiM, K

XX BeKy cTana

O,!IHI1M 113 rnaBHhiX rryTei.f pOCTa MOCKOB-

CKOM arnoMepa111111. Kp11TI1KI1 HhiHeiiiHero !Of0 - 3aiTa,[IHOfO Mapiiia 3aHBRHJOT: rrp11pe3aHHhiM B rrpOIIIROM ro,t~y K CTOR11Qe yqaCTOK -

0,!111H 113 CaMhiX He3aCeneHHhiX

B IIo,t~MOCKOBhe. Ha 3TI1X 3eMnHx rrpO)I{I1saeT BCero 200 ThJCflq «HOBhiX MOCKBI1qei.f>> , a 113 OTHOCI1TenhHO KpyrrHhiX ropO,!IOB 3,[1eCb TORhKO II(ep611HKa 11 Tp011QK . BCITOM11Ha!OT 11 0 TOM , qTO rrepBbiM IIIaroM,

c,t~enaHHhiM

Ha rryTI1 I1HTerpa111111

«MOCKOBCKOe speM51- 6e3

6naroAap51 YeMy MOJKHO

Hoe HanpasneHiile, BbiCTpo-

«HOBhiX MOCKBI1qei.f >> B CTOnl1qHyJO )1{113Hh,

ABaAL(aTiil BOCeMb»,- wy-

6blnO He TOnbKO pa3rpy3111Tb

li!Tb rpaHAIII03Hbli1 As opel.(

6bin He CTp011TenhHhiM 11 He 11HcppacTpyK-

T51T, rn51A51 Ha HOBYIO KaPTY

nepeHaceneHHwepai1oHw,

CoseTOB np51MO HanpOTIIIB

rypHbiM- a <<ITp11ITI1CHOM>>: pacrrpocTpaHe-

cTonlill.(bl, ee o6111TaTen111 .

HO Iii BbiCTpOIIITb 6yKBanbHO

rnaBHOro 3AaHiil51 MrY,

HHe CTORJilqHhiX RhfOT Ha HaceneHI1e HOBhiX

HanpasneHiile pa3Bii!Tiil51 Ha

B YIIICTOM none nOMne3Hble

nepeHeCTiil CIOAa JKe CoBMIIIH

Tepp11TOp11i1. 3a O)l{eCTOqeHHOM Kp11TI1KOM

IOr0-3anaA y MHOrliiX Bbl-

aHCaM6nlil- HOBOe nlill.(O

111[.\K ... YJKe K 1959 rOAY

OCTaeTCH He3aMeTHO, qTO rrpoeKT << HOBOM

3biBaeT HeAOyMeHiile B CB513111

COBeTCKOi1 CTOnlill.(bl. [.\eH-

3TOT npoeKT 6bln CBepHYT,

MocKBhi» oKa3ancH 6onee ,t~anhHOBI1,!1HhiM,

C OTCYTCTBiileM liiCTOpliiYe-

TPOM rpaAOCTPOIIITenbHOi1

TOplKeCTBeHHble lKiilnble

qeM B03pa)l{eHI1H ero rrpOTI1BHI1KOB.

CKIIIX npeAnOCblnOK. 0AHaKO

KOMn03Iill.(lillil 6bln npOB03-

AOMa, npeAHa3HaYaBWiileC51

aBTOpbl <<HOBOi1 MOCKBbl»-

rnaweH As opel.( CoseTOB

BbiCWIIIM QJYHKL(IiiOHepaM,

IIpe,t~naraH rrp11coe,t~11HHTh K cTon11Qe ni1IIIh ee Heocp11Q11anhHhie CITYTHI1KI1, oT-

He nepBble, KTO npeAnOJKiiln

(OH, KaK Mbi3HaeM, TaK Iii He

nepeAaHbiYHIIIBepCIIITeTCKOi1

rrpaBHhie TOqKI1 MaHTHI1KOBhiX M11rpaQ11M,

ABiilraTbC51 B 3TY CTOpOHy.

6bln nocTpoeH), a OT Hero

npo<jleccype, HO MOCKOB-

Kp11T11K11 ITO,t~pa3yMeBaJOT : Cyll.\eCTBOBaHI1e B MOCKBe e,t~I1HOfO QeHTpa, OT KOTOporo yp-

Ha nnaHe wen Clil5ll011.\lili1 nyY

CKiili110r0-3anaA OCTanC51 1113-

pa3Bii!Tiil51 6bln HaMe-

napaAHOi1 MarliiCTpanlil-

nl06neHHOi1 nnOil.\aAKOi1

YeH ell.\e B 3HaMeHIIITOM

KOMCOMOnbCKiili1 npocneKT.

rpaAOCTpOIIITenbHbiX liiHHOBa-

CH BO BCe CTOpOHhl paBHOMepHO, KaK

CTanliiHCKOM reHnnaHe

Era ypasHosew111sana

l.(lili1 - OT 3KCnepliiMeHTOB

neHI1e B 3aKoHe IIaCKanH, 6y,t~eT seqHhiM.

IOro-3anaAHbli1 seKTOP

An 51

6aHI1CTI1qecKI1M 11MITYRhC pacrrpoCTpaHHeT,t~aB

He MeHee TOplKeCTBeHHa51

Maceo sora cTpOIIITenbCTBa

Hoy <<Hosoi1 MocKBhi>> ,t~pyraH Qenh -

IOro-3anaAHOe Hanpasne-

xopAa Apyroro npocneKTa,

s I.JepeMywKax AO On111Mn111i1-

Ha,t~yBaTb yp6aHI1CTI1qeCKI1M rry3hlpb ,!10

Hille CTanO eAIIIHCTBeHHbiM

noMOHOCOBCKOrO .

CKOi1 AepeBHiillil KOMnneKCa

6eCKOHeqHOCTI1, a pa30MKHYTh rroqTJil Tbi-

3AaH111i11t1HCTIIITYTa 611100pra-

CHqeneTHee KORhQO, C03,[1aB anbTepHaTI1BHhie QeHTpbl rrp11TH)I{eHI1H.

1935 roAa.

6onee TOro,

pa3pbiBOM B era paAiilanb-

CTanliiHCKiili1 nnaH,

HO-KOnbl.(esoi1 CTPYKType .

XOTb Iii He 6bln peanlii30BaH

HliiYeCKOi1 Xli!Miillil, KOTOpble

B OCHOBY Bbl6opa nerno TO

B nonHoi1 Mepe, npoAonJKan

IIIX apXIIITeKTOp, i0p111i1 nna-

JKe 06CT051TenbCTBO, YTO

pyKOBOAIIITb rpaAOCTpOIIITe-

TO HOB, ynOA06Iiln ABOi1HOi1

111 cei1Yac : 3TO HanpasneHiile

n51Miillil nocne CMepTiil BOJKA51 .

cnlilpanlil MoneKynbl AHK.

Ho B TOM, qTO paCII.\errneHI1e CTOnl1qHOrO

6blnO CaMbiM HeOCBOeH-

B HaYane xpyll.\eBCKOi13pbl

CerOAH51 pa3Bii!Tiile MocKBbl

H,t~pa - OCHOBHaH Qenh rrpeo6pa30BaHI1M,

HbiM Iii He3aCTpOeHHbiM

npeAnonaranocb npOAOn-

Ha IOr0-3anaA rOTOBIIITC51

COMHeBaThCH He rrp11XO,!II1TCH. Ecn11 Jla-

1113 BCeX CTOnliiYHbiX OKpaliiH,

JKaTb OCBaliiBaTb IOr0-3anaA-

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,!IOBCKHM Ha3Haql1n ITORI1TI1KY ,!IBI1)1{Yll.\eM

QqepTaHHH

c11noi1

100

DISCOVERY

AsrycT

2012

6y,t~yll.\ero <<Hosoi1 Mo-

CKBhi >> ITOKa HaMeqeHbl RI1Illh rryHKT11pOM.

pa3BI1TI1H

csoero

cyrrepropo,t~a,

rr~eonom <<Hosoii MocKBhi1> srr~.HT B Heii

pore. Ha cTaHL\11.HX IIJ;ep6rrHKa 11 JleCHoii

~aHI1eM «EOJihiilOfO I1ap11)1{a1>, <<EOJihiilOH

OCHOBY HOBh!X l\eHTpOB IIp11T.H)I{eHI1.H. ITo-

fopo~OK o6el.l\a!OT BhiCTp011Th HOBbie

EapceJIOHhl>> , «EOJihiilOfO TOKI10 >>,- CBOI1

CeJIOK KOMMyHapKa IIp11MeT MHOflfe <Pe~e

BOK3aJibl, a

paJibHb!e opraHhi snacrrr, a Tp011l\K cTaHeT

)l(eJie3HO~Op0)1{HYJO

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MocKOBCKI1H

ITo rryTrr ~el\eHTpanrr 3 al\HH ~OJI)I{Hhi IIOHTH H CTpOHTeJIH ~opor -

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pe3yJihTaTa , qT06hi B qaChl II11K 3JieKTprrq-

KaKoii oHa 6y~eT? CKOJihKO HOBhiX o6rrTaTeneii rrprrcoe~rr

aBTOM06HJihHhiX, HO H )l(eJie3HhiX. Ha3hiBa.H HOBhiH rpa~OCTpOHTeJihHhiH KOH-

HI1TC.H K TeM

Typ He TOJihKO <<HOBOH >>, HO H «EOJihiilOH

IIpOL\eHTaM

MocKBOH1>, cTonwma.H M3pH.H cpaBHHBaeT

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B «HOBOH MOCKBe >> TO)I{e IIO.HB.HTC.H - TaK,

CKOpOCTHOfO TpaMBa.H -

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5- 7

rreprro~rrqHoCThJO

pa3

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MaJI03Ta)I{Hh!X

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11JII1 rrpe~rrOqTyT

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Cero~H.H y MocKBhi ecTh peanhHhiH IIlaHc

o~HaKo

MeTpo B CKOJIKOBO 11 rrocenoK PyMHHL\eBo ,

BblpBaTbC.H 113 MHOfOBeKOBOfO KOJihl\a -

11 6e3 Toro rreperpy)l{eHHa.H rro~3eMKa He

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sopOTaM. K

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2017

l\1111 B rrocenKe KoMMyHapKa, -

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3~eCh

OCHOBHh!M

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qTo 3TOT rrpoeKT He

DISCOVERY POCCMSI

••

MEW.EPCKASI AOPOrA ~IQ] ~BaH

KOHOBAilOB

~ Coljl~~ TEP-OfAH~H

,[(peBHI1e KperroCTI1 11 xpaMbi, JieHI1BOe TeqeHI1e Bo11r11, rrpe,ZJ;rrp1111Mqi1Bbie KJIIU:bl, MHOfOHaiJ;I10HaJibHOe COCe,ZJ;CTBO 11, KOHeqHQ )l{e, BeJI11q11e IIp11pO,ll;bl -

6e3 BCero 3TOf0 He rrpe,ZJ;CTaBI1Tb Harny CTpaHy. Ha He60JibiiiOM

rro pocc11ikK11M MepKaM paccT051HI111 OT H11)1{Hero Hosropo,ZJ;a ,ZJ;O Kac11Mosa MO)I{HO HaHTI1 BCe 3TO -

102

DISCOVERY

AsrycT 2012

11 ,ZJ;a)l{e 60Jihiiie.

JleTOM PoccHR CTaHOBHTCR ropa3):IO rrpn-

KJIHMaT-KOHTpOJI51 <!>HJibTpyeT yJIHqHbiM

seTJmsee K rryTeiJJeCTBeHHHKaM. HeT HH

CMOr H C03):1aeT rrp1151THYIO rrpoxJia):ly B ca-

cypOBbiX MOp030B, HH OCeHHei.f pacrryTH-

JIOHe, lllYM IJJOCCe rroqTH He OIL\YIL\aeTC51

L\bl, HH pa3JIHBOB peK, Ka)J{):IYIO BeCHy rrpe-

BHYTPH - CJihiiJJHO JIHIJJh ycrroKansaiOmee

BpamaiOIL\HX pO):IHbie rrpOCTOpbl B XOTb

ypqaHHe ):IH3eJibHOfO MOTOpa. IloKa MaiJJI1-

H BeJIWieCTBeHHbie, HO COBepllleHHO He-

Ha rrpo6npaeTC51 CKB03h 3aTophi, rracca)J{H-

rrpOXO):IHMhie rrei13a)J{H. CoJIHL\e cTpeMHT-

pbi MOryT yCTpOHTb 11MI1pOBH3HpOBaH-

CR IlO):IOJibiJJe 3a):lep)J{aTbC51 Ha):l rOpH30H-

HbiM KI1HOCeaHC -

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H 3KpaH, OTKH):IhiBaiOIL\HMC51 C IlOTOJIKa.

H ):laTh B03MO)J{HOCTb OCMOTpeTb

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BCe HHTepeCHOe, qTO BCTpeqaeTC51 B ITYTH .

Ho BOT IlO):IMOCKOBHbie rrepeneCKI1 CMe-

.ll:a)J{e 6ecKpai1HHe pOCCHMCKHe paCCT051-

HHJIHCb ITOJI51MI1 BJia):II1M11pCKOfO Kpa51,

HH51 B JieTHHe MeC51L(bl Ka)J{yTC51 KOpoqe -

Mapeso YTPeHHI1X cyMepeK pacceRJIOCh,

oco6eHHO ):IJIR Tex. s %eM pacrropR)J{eHHH

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s KOMITJieKTaL\HH Overland.

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B CTOpOHe OT MarHCTpaJibHbiX ):IOpor pyc-

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BOTH BCR ero 6hiJia51 ponh.

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Ta ):IJIR rracca)J{Hpos. CncTeMa pa3):1eJibHoro

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Haqane

XIX

B XVII seKe ero

CTOJieTHR ):IJIR H11)J{Hero

103

DISCOVERY POCCMH

B CTpaHe .HpMapKa, a ):leKa6pHCThl If BOBCe IIJiaHHpOBaJIJil rrepeHeCTJil CJO):Ia CTOJIHI.Iy,0):\HaKO BpOBeHb C t:IBYM.H rJiaBHhiMJil ropo):laMJil JiiMIIepHH OH TaK Jil He CTaJI.

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IIpH'IaJIHBaJOT

KPYH3Hhie TeiiJIOXO):Ihi -

BOJI)I{CKJile

HO TYPHCThi Ha

YJIHllaX He CJIHIIIKOM-TO 3aMeTHhi. Mo)l{eT, ):leJIO B TOM, 'ITO C 1959-ro Jil ):10 KOHI.Ia COBeTCKOH IIOpbl fOpbKHH OCTaBaJIC.H <<3aKpb!Th!M>> ropot:~OM. A MO)I{eT, rrpHe3)1{He IIpOCTO Tep.H!OTC.H B TOJIIIe )I{JiiTeJieH, KOTOpb!X TYT 6oJibiiie MHJIJIHOHa. 3TO )I{JiiBOH ro-

pot:~, o'IeHh yxo)l{eHHhiH, COJIHe'IHhiH, c KoJioccaJihHhiMH 3CTaKa):laMH, OIIyTaHHhiMJil cepe6p.HHOH CeTbJO TpaMBaHHhiX JIJiiHJiiH. MOCKOBCKOe IIIOCCe IIpHBeJIO HaC Ha JieBhiH 6eper sepHyJiacb

Tyt:~a, rt:~e Kort:~a-To pa3-

HH)I{eropot:~cKa.H

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THIIIHHa, BJia)I{Ha.H

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pa . MHOfJiiM OH HaiiOMHHaeT IIHTepCKHH

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rrpoxJiat:~a

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t:~pyroro 3t:~eiiiHero

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Ho.H6pe HhiHeiiiHero rot:~a HJil)l{e-

ropot:~cKHe BJiaCTH o6e111a10T rrposecTH JiiCTOpH'IeCKJiiH KapHaBaJI- KaK BO <jlpaH-

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***

HH)I{eropot:~cKa.H HCTOpHH. CTapbiH ropot:~

Ha MecTe, rrpe)l{t:~e 'I eM ee caMy o6e3rJiaBHJIH

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ro, Ha CMeHy IIIHpOKJiiM IIpOCIIeKTaM IIpH-

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t:~yMaJIJil Jii3Ba.HTh rraM.HTHJiiK co6CTBeHHOH

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Jil

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BHet:~OpO)I{HJiiKOB

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KpaCHhiH

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Hbie BJiaCTJil Ha'IaJIJil cpaBHJiiBaTb C)KaHHOH

qyscTBOBaJI 3):1ecb ce6H HeyJOTHO. Xopoiiia.H

104

DISCOVERY

AsrycT

2012

/ /

o63opHOCTh, KaMepa 3aJ:~Hero XOJ:~a, nepeJ:~足 HI1e 11 3aJ:jHI1e rrapKTpOHI1KI1 -

He 6yJ:~h 11X,

cpe/:111

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611Jih yBepeHHO 6epeT KPYThie ITOJ:I'heMhi

3aTeHJII1BOll pe3b6ofl:, HaCTOH11.111M J:jpe-

11 crryCKI1 - a 11X B H11)!(HeM XOTh OT6aBJIHll.

BeCHhiM Kpy)!(eBOM, CTapblll J:jepeBHHHhlll

CJieJ:~yH 113m6aM O'IepeJ:~HOH yJio'fKI1, Mhi

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1938

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105

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108

DISCOVERY

AsrycT

2012

• I

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111

112

DISCOVERY CI>AYHA

DISCOVERY

AsryCT 2012

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114

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116

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117

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