i¾m oIagkh: j<lajd .ekSu iy m%:udOdr ye¢kaùu YS% ,xldj f,dj i¾m oIagkhkaf.kaa ñh hkakkaf.a by<u wkqmd;hla we;s rgj,a w;=ßka tlls. úIiys; i¾mhl= oIag l< muKska úI YÍr .;ùula isÿ fkdfõ. kQ;k ffjoH ks¾foaYh jkafka úI YÍr .; ù frda. ,laIK u;=jQ úg muKla m%;súI tkak; ,ndÈh hq;= njh. tu frda. ,laIK u;= fkdjqjfyd;a fjk;a ´kEu i;l= imd lE úg lrkq ,nk m%;sldr muKla lsÍu iEfya.
ish¨ i¾mfhda oIag fkdlr;s ish¨u i¾mfhda úI iys; fkdfj;s úI iys; i¾mhl= oIag l< muKska oIagkh udrdka;sl fkdfõ Ys% ,xldfõ iEu frday,lskau mdfya i¾m m%;súI tkak; ,nd .; yelsh. tajdfha ld¾hh uKav,h tys Ndú;h .ek ukd m<mqreoaola ,nd we;. uE; ld,Skj YS% ,xldfõ i¾m oIagkh iy úI YÍr .; ùfï m%;sM,hka ms<sn| isÿ lrk ,o m¾fhaIK j,g wkqj i¾m oIagkhkag ,nd fok m%;sldrhkays .=Kd;aul j¾Okhla we;s ù ;sfí. id¾:l iy wdrlaIdldÍ m%;súI ,nd§u bka m%Odk fõ.
úI iys; i¾mhska f.dvìu, ñßÈh iy uqyqfoa jik i¾m úfYaI tlish y;rla ^104& YS% ,xldfõ y÷kdf.k we;. ñka nyq;rh úI rys; fú; iq¿;rhla muKla úI iys; i¾mhska fõ, fndfyda úg udrdka;sl úI iys;h. we;eï úg uOHia: fyda uo úI iys;h. YS% ,xldfõ i¾m oIagkfhka isÿjk urK ish,a,gu mdfya fya;=jkafka f.dvìu jik W.% úI iys; i¾m úfYaI yh fokd w;=ßkaa y;rfofkl=f.ka isÿjk oIagkhkaf.ks. fudjqka kï ;s;a fmd<Õd ^Russell’s viper), kd.hd ^cobra&, uÕurejd ^common krait& iy l=Klgqjd ^humpnosed pit viper& fõ. fmdf<dx lrj,d ^Ceylon krait& udrdka;sl úI iys; jqjo fudjqkaf.a oIagkhka b;du;a úr,h. je<sfmd<Õd ^saw-scaled viper& b;d úI iys; jqjo oIagkhkaf.ka urK isÿ jQ njg YS% ,xldfõ jd¾;d ù fkdue;. l=Klgqjd ^hump-nosed pit viper& oIagkhka l,d;=rlska isÿ jqjo YÍrfha ish¨u moaO;sj, ixl+,;d we;s úh yels neúka j¾;udkfha W.% úI iys; i¾mfhl= f,i i,lhs. j.=j 1 i¾mhkaf.a úoHd;aul kdu iy idudkH jHjydrfha Ndú;d jk ku fmkakqï lrhs. YS% ,xldfõ fjr< wdikak uqyqÈka uqyqÿ i¾mhska úfYaI myf<djla ^15& muK ±kg y÷kdf.k we;. fudjqka ish,a,u W.% úI iys; jk kuq;a oIagkhka úr,h. oIag l,o we;eï úg úI YÍr .; fkdfõ. jd,lalähd ^hook-nosed sea snake Enhydrina schistosa& 1
W.% úI iys; l,mq yd fudah wdYs%;j yuqjk i¾mfhls . Tjqkaf.a úI YÍr .; ùu udxY fmaYS j,g ydkslr w;r urKhg mjd fya;= úh yel. uOHia: jYfhka úI iys; ^j.=j 2& i¾mfhl= f,i y÷kdf.k we;af;a m<d fmd<Õd ^green pit viper& muKs. m<d fmd<Õl= oIaG lsÍu ksid lsisÿ frda.sfhl= ñh.sh njla fuf;la jd¾;d ù fkdue;. u| jYfhka úI iys; i¾m úfYaI ^j.=j 3& oIagkh ksid ie,lsh hq;= frda. ,laIK u;= fkdfõ. fï .Khg b;d úI iys; f,i idjoHj kï ord we;s udms,do ^cat snake& we;=,;a fjhs. fudjqkaf.a úI o< Wvqylafla w. msysgd we;s fyhska ñksia isrerg myiqfjka úI we;=¿ lsÍfï yelshdjla fudjqkg ke;. tlS i¾mhska oIaG lsÍu ksid oIag lrk ,o ia:dkfha fõokdj iy bÈóu we;sjk kuq;a urK isÿ jQ njlao jd¾;d ù fkdue;.
i¾m oIagkhka j,lajd .ekSu lDIs ìï, j.d ìï, f.dúfmd<j,a wd§ ñksia jdihka wdYs%;j i¾mhka nyq, jYfhka olakg ,efí. i¾m oIagkhkag f.dÿre ùfï wjodkula we;s mqoa.,hka úiska i¾m oIagkhka j<lajd .ekSfï ls%hdud¾.hka wkq.ukh lsÍu uÕska i¾m oIagkhka wju lr.; yel. ta i|yd my; ls%hdud¾. ks¾foaY flf¾. 1. fndfyda i¾m oIagkhka isÿjkafka mdoj,gh. i¾mhska .ejfik m%foaY wdYs%;j jev lsÍfï§ fyda weú§fï§ j<¨lr olajd È. we÷ï mdúÉÑ lrkak. mdo iy m;=,a wdjrKh jk mßÈ mdjyka m<¢kak. Wig ;Kfld< jeã we;s m%foaY, ñá m÷rej,ska jeiS we;s ia:dk, le,E ueÈka jegqkq wä mdrj,a, wiajkq lmk ld,j,§ iy j,a me, fk,k ld,j,§ lDIsld¾ñl bvï, i¾mhska iq,n jYfhka .ejfik ia:dkhkah. 2. rd;S% ld,fha§ i¾mhska mE.Sfuka je<lSug úÿ,s mkaoï t<shla /f.k hkak. 3. i¾mhska isák m%foaYj, weúÈk úg§ fldagqjla mdúÉÑ lrkak. Tn hk wä mdfrys we;s ;Kfld< j,g iy ñá m÷re j,g fldagqfjka myr t,a, lrkak . th i¾mhka m,jd yeÍug fya;= fõ. 4. i¾mhskag idudkHfhka iq<fÕys we;sjk Yío fkdwefik kuqÿ fmdf<dfjys we;sjk ishqï lïmk mjd ±fka. tu ksid fmdf<dfjys lñmkh we;sjk whqßka .uka lsÍfuka Tfí meñKSu .ek i¾mhdg ±k .ekSug bv yßkak. 5. wmßlaIdldÍ f,i fõ yqUiaj,g, .ia fnKj,g, yd ,S fldgka hgg w; fkdoukak. ñksia jdihka bj;a l, hq;=h. fõ yqUia yd .ia fnK úkdY fldgka, .,a f.dvj,a wdÈh o bj;a l, hq;=h. wdÈha bj;a lsÍug wjYH jqjfyd;a tu ;ekaj, neúka m%fõiïjkak. 2
>Kj me,Eá jeã we;s jÿ,aj,g wjg i¾mhska isák fujeks ;eka l, hq;=h. lvd jegqKq .ia, or Tn jev lrk úg fldgka .,a i¾mhska ieÕù isàug bv we;s
6. l=Uqre jemsÍfï§ ,sheÈ wdYs%;j úfYaIfhkau ;s;a fmd<Õd ^Russell’s viper& .ejish yels neúka m%fõiïjkak. 7. i¾mhka f.dÿre jYfhka .kakd óhka, f.ïnka, lgqiaika jeks i;=ka fnda ùug bv we;s li, f.dvj,a bj;a lr ldKq moaO;s we;=¿ wjg mßirh msßisÿj ;nd .kak. 8. óhka fnda ùug bv we;s neúka ksfjia ;=< ù .nvd fkdlrkak. T;k ,o meÿre ;=< i¾mhka ieÕù isáh yels neúka tajd fmdf<dj u; fkd;nd jy,fha t,a,d ;nkak. 9. i¾mhska .ek ukd ±kqula we;a;ka muKla i¾mhska we;s lsÍu iy yeisrùu l, hq;= fõ. we;eï úgl ñh.shdla fuka isák i¾mfhl=g mjd m%dKh ;sìh yels neúka b;d m%fõYfuka yeisrúh hq;=h. ñh.sh i¾mfhl=f.ka mjd m%;Sl ls%hdjla jYfhka oIagkhla isÿúh yelsh.
i¾m oIagkh i|yd m%:udOdr i¾mfhl= úiska oIag l, úg id¾:l m%:udOdr ,nd Èh hq;=h. tuÕska mgl j,g we;=¿ jQ úI me;sÍu yd tuÕska we;sjk ixl+,;d je,elaùu fyda wju lsÍu isÿfõ. jerÈ m%:udOdr ksid ydks isÿúh yelsh. my; ±lafjk ir,, m%dfhda.sl M,odhs yd wdrlaId iys; m%:udOdr l%u i¾m oIagkhl§ ks¾foaY flf¾. 1. i¾mfhl= oIag l< úg m<uqj we;sjk m%;sls%hdj kï frda.shd ;=, yg.kakd urK ìhhs. tu ìh ;=rka lsÍu w;HjYHh. ta i|yd Okd;aulj iy úYajdifhka hq;=j frda.shdf.a ìh myka jk f;la my; i|yka lreKq tlska tl frda.shdg myod fokak. i¾mhska jeâ fokd úI iys; fkdfõ. i¾mhd úI iys; jQj;a fndfyda úg Tjqkg úI YÍr .; lsÍug wjldY fkd,efí. Tjqkaf.a o, myr je§ ;sîu muKla úI we;=¿ jQ njg idlaIshla fkdfõ. úI YÍr .; ù ;snqKo thg iïmQ¾K iqjh ,nd Èh yels id¾:l m%;sldr l%u furg frday,a j, we;. 2. i¾m oIagkhg ,la jQ mqoa.,hd yd oIagkh isÿ jQ ia:dkh ^WodyrK- w;, ll=,& fkdfi,ajk fia ;eìh hq;=h. ula ksido h;a imd lk ,o ia:dkh fi,ùu YÍr .; jQ úI YÍrh mqrd me;sÍu blauka lrhs. tu ksid frda.shdg weúof.k hdug bv fkd§ Tijd f.khdu jvd;a iqÿiq fõ. fkdfi,ajk fia ;eîu úI YÍrfha me;sÍ hdu wju lsÍug fukau fõokdj wju lsÍugo bjy,a fjhs. oIagkh isÿ jQ ia:dkh fkdfi,afjk mßÈ m;=re lene,a,la jeks fkdkefuk iDcq fohla ;nd ,sys,aj fj,Su iqÿiq fõ . 3
3. i¾mhd oIag lrkq ,enQ ia:dkh f;; frÈ lene,a,lska uDÿj msi ±óu fyda inka yd c,h fhdod .ksñka uDÿj msßisÿ lsÍu iu u;=msg mej;sh yels úI bj;a lsÍug odhl fjhs. ;Èka msßue§u fyda fia§u úI me;sÍu blauka lsÍug fya;= fõ. 4. úI iys; i¾mfhl= oIag l, miq tu ia:dkh idudkHfhka bÈfuhs. bÈóu ksid f;rmSulg ,laùu je<elaùu i|yd uqÿ, md i,U, j<¨, kQ,a, we÷ï hkdÈh yels blaukska bj;a l, hq;= fjhs. 5. fõokdj iukh lsÍug merisgfuda,a fm;s folla Ndú;d lsÍu wdrlaId iys;h. 6. frda.shd yels blaukska frday,la lrd /f.k hd hq;=h. oIagkh isÿ jQ wjia:dj yd mßirh ksjerÈj úia;r lsÍfuka i¾mhd y÷kd .ekSu iy m%;HlaI m%;sldr ,nd§ug WmldÍ fõ. oIagkh l, i¾mhd mK msáka fyda urKhg m;a lr frda.shd iuÕ frday,g f.k hdu ;jÿrg;a wjYH fkdfõ. ñh .sh iy ñh fkd.sh i¾mhka b;d wdrlaIdldÍj yeisrúh hq;=h.
i¾mhl= oIag l< úg § Tn fkdl< hq;= foa 1. oIag l< ia:dkh lemSu fyda uqLh ;nd bÍu fkdl< hq;=hs. i¾mhska úI we;=¿ lrk úg§ b;d .eUqrg th úÈk fyhska tu úI uqLh ;nd bÍfuka bj;a l< fkdyelsh. m<mqreÿ ke;s ;eke;a;ka tu ia:dkh lemSug hdfï§ reêr kd,, iakdhq iy udxY fmaYs hkdÈhg ydks isÿfõ. tuÕska f,a .e,Sfuka yd wdidokhg ,laùfuka wkjYH .eg¿ mek ke.Sug bv we;. 2. i¾m úIg m%:udOdr §fï§ wf;ys fyda ll=f,ys f,a .uk k;r jk fia má ne£u fkdl< hq;=hs. 3. fldkaäia iaMál ^fmdgEishï m¾ueka.fkaÜ& ;=jd,h isÿ jQ ia:dkfha fkd;eìh hq;=h. tuÕska mgl úkdY ùfï wjodkula we;. 4. kdih ;=<ska f;,a jeks foa fyda kdifhka we;=,a lrkq ,nk kiak jeks m%;sldr l%u Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h. tuÕska fmKy¨ wdidok yd iaÓr ìysßùu we;s úh yel. 5. uOHidr i¾m úI YÍrfha me;sÍu blauka lrk fyhska mdkh lsÍug ,nd fkdfokak. 6. fmdgEishï ,jK nyq, jYfhka we;s ;eô,s, l=reïnd yd m<;=re hqI jeks oE, ,nd §fuka j<lskak. tlS Èhr uÕska i¾m úI ksid jl=.vqj,g isÿ úh yels ydks ;jÿrg;a jeä fjhs. 7. weiams%ka fõokd kdYlh Ndú;d lsÍu wdudYh ;=<ska f,a .e,Sula isÿ ùfï wjodku jeä lrjhs. tfyhska weiams%ka fõokdkdYlhla f,i Ndú;d lsÍu iqÿiq fkdfõ. úfYaIfhka ;s;a fmd<fÕl= oIaG lsÍfuka miq fuh isys ;nd .; hq;=h. 8. l,n,hg m;a ù frda.shdg wys;lr lsisjla fkdlrkak.
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j.=j 1: YS% ,xldfõ f.dvìu jik W.% úI we;s i¾mhska
úoHd;aul kduh
bx.S%is kduh
isxy, kduh
fou< kduh
khd khd (Naja naja)
Cobra
khd kd.hd
Naga pambu Nalla pambu
nx.dreia isre,shia (Bungarus caeruleus)
Common krait
f;,a lrj,d uÕurejd ynr,hd udú,d
Yennai pambu Yennai viriyan Yettadi Viriyan
nx.dreia is,kslia (Bungarus ceylonicus)
Ceylon krait
ÿkq lrj,d fmdf<dx lrj,d uqÿ lrj,d
Yennai viriyan Yettadi Viriyan
vefndahd ri,s (Daboia russelii)
Russell’s viper
odr fmd<Õd ;s;a fmd<Õd
Kannardi viriyan
tlsia leßfkagiaa (Echis carinatus)
Saw-scaled viper
je,s fmd<Õd
Surattai pambu Pal surattai
ysmakdf,a úfYaI (Hypnale spp.)
Hump nosed viper
fmdf<dka;e,siaid l=Klgqjd
Konal mookupudayan Kopi viriyan
j.=j 2: YS% ,xldfõ f.dvìu jik uOHia: úI iys; i¾mhska
úoHd;aul kduh
bx.S%is kduh
isxy, kduh
fou< kduh
g%hsfußiqria g%hsf.dfkdfi*ame,ia (Trimeresurus trigonocephalus)
Green pit viper
m<dfmd<Õd
Pachai viriyan Kopi viriyan
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j.=j 3: YS% ,xldfõ f.dvìu jik uo úI iys; i¾mhska iuyrla
úoHd;aul kduh
bx.S%is kduh
isxy, kduh
fndhs.d úfYaI (Boiga sp.)
Cat snake
udms,d
fou< kduh
le,sfhdmsia fu,kQreia Sri Lankan coral fom;a l¨jd isxy,hia snake (Calliophis melanurus sinhaleus) weyegq,a,d úfYaI (Ahaetulla sp.)
weyegq,a,d weia.=,a,d fyKl|hd
Whip snakes Vine snakes
i¾nria ßkafldmaia Dog-faced ßkafldmaia snake (Cerberus rhynchops rhynchops)
water l=Kq Èh l¨jd oshnrshd
ls%fidafm,shd úfYaI (Chrysopelea sp.)
fmd,au,a lrj,d Flying snake Golden and Black tree snake
ne,fkda*sia is,fkkaisia (Balanophis ceylonensis)
Blossom krait
Kankuthi pambu
Tanni pambu
Parrakum pambu
ksyd¨jd u,a lrj,d
History Compiled by the SLMA Expert Committee on Snakebite First published by the Sri Lanka Medical Association in 1994 Revised 2007; 2013 This Sinhala translation 2014 is compatible with the revised English version of 2013. Edited by Malik Fernando Colombo September 2014
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