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Volume 3, January 2010
fj¿u 3, ckjdrs 2010
Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum ISSN 2012-5666
MFI j,g uqo,a iemhSu uqo,a iemfhk k,h újD; lrkafka fldfykao?
fuu l,dmfha úfYaIdx. NDTF iu. iQúfYaI iïuqL idlÉPdjla
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ksjyk u; isÿjk iQlI a u uQ,HlrK n,mEu
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uQ,Huh ksIm a dokh i|yd fj<|m< m¾fhaIK
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MFI i|yd øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrKh
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Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum
ixialdrljrekaf.ka jpkhla ys;j;a mdGlhdfKks
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SLMFF ys
ksfrdaIdks ijkjvq f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh $ laIqøuq,HlrKh ms<sn`o WmfoaYl
bïrdka k*S¾ laIqøuq,HlrKh ms<sn`o WmfoaYl
m<uq yd fojk l,dm i|yd wmg ,enqKq Tnf.a woyia yd w.kd m%;sfmdaIKj,g wms fnfyúka ia ; = ; s j ka ; fjuq ' fuu la f Ia ; % f ha wNsjDoaêh Wfoid f;dr;=re oekqj;a lrk" jHdma;lrK yd úiqrejdyßk ld¾hfha kshe,S isáug th wmj ;j ¥rg;a Èßu;a lrñka fm<Uùï lf<ah' miq.sh udi lSmh ;=< úúO foaYSh yd cd;Hka ;r rgj,a j ,g wh;a la Iq ø uQ,HlrKfha fhfokakka" WmfoaYljreka " cd,hka ks h dulhs ka" uQ ,H imhk wdh;k wd§ fldgia tlu fõÈld jg f.kajd fuu lafIa;%fha we;s úúO m%Yak ms<sn| idlÉPd lr wfma w;aoelSï yqjudre lr f.k oekqu jHdma ; lr .ekS u g wmg yels úh' ;ukaf.a w;aoelSï wm yd fnod yod.;a ish¨fokdgu wms lD;{;djh m< lr isáuq' Y%S ,xld laIqø uQ,H ixiofha f;jeks l,dmh Tng bÈß m;a lr isáuq' fuu.s ka Y%S ,xldfõ la Iq ø uQ ,H wdh;kj,g uqo,a iemhSu ms<sn|j wjodkh fhduq flf¾' fuu wjia:dfõ laIqø uQ,HlrK lafIa;%fha b;d jeo.;a ud;Dldjla f,i uQ,H iemhSu y÷kajd we;s ksid laIqø uQ,H wdh;kj,g^MFI& uqq o,a iemhSf ï úúO wx. ms <s n| idlÉPd lrk w;r fkdfhla oDIaá flda K ;= < s k a tu woyia yq j udre lr.ekSug W;aid ord we;af;uq'
NDTF úiska fmd,S wkqmd;sl iSudjka y÷kajd §u fuu lafIa;%fha idlÉPd jg ,laù we;s m%Odk wx.hla njgm;a ù we;' fuu iïnkaOfhka NDTF ys Kh myiqlï ms<sn| wOHlaI;=ud jk mshodi uy;d iu. SLMFF yg iïuqL idlÉPdjla mj;ajd fuu l%shdud¾.fha miqìu ms<sn| t;=udf.a woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug yels úh' t;=udf.ka ,enQ iyfhda. hg yd iyNd.s;aj hg tu uy;dg wmf.a ia;=;sh m<lr isáuq' fuu m%ldYkhg ,sms imhd odhljQ pß; r;aj;a; uy;d" kÈrd rKndyq fukúh" ksrdþ l=ud¾ iy pkaøfiak uy;ajrekag;a wms ia;=;sjka; fjuq' úfYaIfhkau ;ukaf.a w.kd Wmfoia yd iyfhda.h wmg ,ndÿka WmfoaYl uKav,hg;a wmf.a ia;=;sh m< lr isáuq' fuhg wu;r j miq.sh udifha § SLMFF úiska fufyhjk ,o u; úpdrKfha § m%ldYkh jQ hï woyia lS mhla o wms fnodyod .ekS u g leue;af;ka isáuq' fuys m%;spdrKh oelajQjkaf.ka 44] fofkla ;dlaIK fiajd imhkakka yd 33] fokd laIqø uQ ,H wdh;kj,g wh;a wh jQy ' Tjqkaf.ka 44] fokd mjid isáfha iajfoaYSh Kh myiqlï ,nd §u i|yd jk m%fõYhka ,sys,a lsÍu hym;a fohla nj o cd;Hka ;r jHdmdr w.hkag wkqj uqo,a iemhSu i|yd jk m%fõYfhka t;rï fyd| ;;a;ajhl
fkdue;s j ;sfnk nj;a h' fï w;r 55]la mjid isáfha cd;Hka;r Kh myiqlï i|yd uqo,a ,nd§u b;d ÿ¾j, njh' ms<sfj<ska 66]" 55]" yd 55] u;= lr okajd isáfha b;sßlsÍï kshduk" úksuh md,k kshdukh yd cd;Hka;r uqo,a fhojqï wd§ lafIa;% jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;= wx. njh' tfuka u fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudjka" laIqø uQ,H wdh;k ;sridrj /£ isàu flfrys jeä ÿrg;a wmyiq ;djhg m;alrhs hkqfjka 88] woyia olajdisàu fuys jeo.;a lreKls’' fuu l,dmffha fuu l¾udka ;fha ks h uqj ka f,i ie,flk yd iuyr is oa ê wOHhkj,ska ,nd.;a wo yia o we;=<;a lr we;' l=uk NdIdjlska fyda fõjd odhl uqo,a" úuiqï" woyia" ,smsj,ska odhl ùu iy wfkl=;a lreK i|yd lreKd lr microfinance.forum@ gmail.com ,smskhg okajkak' Tn ish¨ fokdgu mS%;su;a kj jirla m%d¾:kd lrk w;r iQlaIu uQ,H lafIa;%fha kshe,S isák ieug u wfmalaIs; jk fi!Nd.Hu;a yd úYsIag jirlg wfma iqNdisß m;ka fkuq' Tfí wjxl ksfrdaIkS ijkdjvq iy bïrdka k*S¾
ó<Õ l,dmfha - laIqø uQ,H ix.ï a .a N+ñldj l=ula o@ ix.ï - Tjqkf o@ ó<Õ l,dmfhka laIqø uQ,H ix.ï yd tu ix.ï j, N+ñldj ms<sn| wms idlÉPd lsÍug leue;af;ka isáuq' tfyhska" ish¨u laIqøuq,H jD;a ;s l hka g ;a " ks h dulhka g ;a " m% j¾Olhkag iy wfkl=;a Wkkaÿjla olajk md¾Yajhkag Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï yd woyia wm fj; tjk fuka b,a,d isáuq' cd,hka hkq tla rgl fyda m%foaYlhl laIqø uQ,HlrKfha id¾:l;ajh yd ixj¾Okhg" wjYHjk b;d jeo.;au idOlhla njg m;a ù ;sfí' Yla;su;a" m%dfoaYSh iyd Èjhsk mqrd we;s laIqø
uQ,H ix.ï u.ska laIqø uQ,HlrKfha fhfokAkka yg ;ukaf.a w;aoelSï yqjudre lrf.k fmdÿ ld¾h m%ñ;Ska f.dvkÕd m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï lrejka;=< n,mEï lsÍfuka laIqø uQ,H lafIa;%j, j¾Ok hg my iq l drS ;a j iemhS u g yelsfõ'
ks¾udKhlr .; yels fõo@ tjka ix.ïj, N+ñldj l=ula o@ fïjd fuu l a f Ia ;% fha md¾Yjl rejka úis k a k.k ,o m%Yak lSmhls' tu ksid fï iïnkaO j Tfí woyiaj,g ,nk l,dmfha bv i,id §ug wms woyia lr we;af;uq'
laIqø uQ,H lafIa;%fha id¾:l pß; lSmhla f,i SEEP, BWTP, WWB, INAFI, iy mdlsia:dk cd,h kï lr yel' Y%S ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh l=ula o@ wmg;a cd,hla wjYH o@ thska ;uka f.a w;aoelSï yqjudre lr .ekSug YS% ,xldfõ MEI j,g fmdÿ fõÈldjla
lreKdlr Tnf.a woyia" fhdackd yd w;a±lSï microfinance.forum@gmail.com fj; tjkak
mqj;a jgh fuf;r mqj;a laIqø uQ,HlrKh fjkqfjka lem jQ m%:u laIøq nexl= tallhla HNB újD; lrhs'
m%:u j;djg Y%S ,xld laIqø uQ,HlrK lafIa;%fha úia;rd;aul jd¾;dj isxy, fou< yd bx.%Sis NdId j,ska ,nd.; yelsù ;sfí' fuu jd¾;d http://www. m i c r o fi n a n c e . l k / g t z p u b l i c . p h p hkq ,smskh Tiafia wka;¾cd,fhka Nd.; yel' uqøs; jd¾;d msgm;a ProMis ld¾hd,h" 16 jk uy," BiaÜ gj¾" f,dal fj<| uOHia:dkh" fld<U 01 ,smsk fhka ,nd.ekSu g mq ¿jks' ^www.microfínance.lk)
fhdod .ekSu msKsi YS% ,xldfõ b;d <Õ §u .af,dan,a g%iaÜ *hskEkai,a i¾ùiia ,sñgâ ^Global Trust Financial Services Limited) kï kj wdh;k hla ia:dms; lsÍug kshñ; h' tys l<ukdlrK wOHlaI iqika; m% kdkaÿ uy;dg wkqj uQ,H wdh;khla jYfhka l%shd lsÍu i|yd jk wkque;sh fuu wdh;kh uy nexl=fjka wfmalaId lr isà'
.ï m%foaYj, ck;djg <Õd úh yels uQ,H fiajdjka ks¾udKh lrk —mqnqÿj˜ fmdfrdkaÿjQ mrsos kdj,smsáh Pkao fldÜGdYfha l=rekaÿj;af;a HNB iQlaIu uQ,H tall msysgq ùfuka bgqlr § we;' uQ,H myiqlï ;dlaIK oekqu yd wf,ú lsÍfï ms<sfj< wd§ foaj,a .fï m%cdjg ,nd§u we;=¿ jHdma; jQ meflachla bÈßm;a lsÍu fuu uq,msÍfï W;aidyfha ixl,amh fõ'
Y%S ,xldfõ laI øq uQ,H iemhSu i|yd kj wdh;khla
uQ,dY%h -http://www. sundaytimes. lk/ 091018/FinancialTimes/ ft40.html
Y%S ,xld laIøq uQ,HlrK l¾udka;fha 2009 jd¾;dfõ isxy, yd fou< mßj¾;k msg m;a oeka ,nd.; yel'
remsh,a ì,shk tlish úismyl muK wdikakj ;lafiare lr we;s laIqø uQ,H i|yd oejeka; b,a,Sïj,g ms<sfj<la
(3 jeks msgqjg)
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Volume 3, January 2010
mqj;a jgh (2 jeks msgqfjka) laIqø uQ,H l<ukdlrK ixj¾Okh msKsi mqyqKq lrejka mqyqKq lsÍfï jevigykla 2009 fkdjeïn¾ 16 isg 21 olajd fld<U § meje;aúKs' fuu jevuq¿j" ol=Kq wdishdfõ MFI j,ska f;dard.;a iyNd.sjkakka i|yd laIqø
uQ,H lrK kdhl;aj uOHia:dkh úiska ^WWB& mj;ajkq ,eîh' Y%S ,xldfõ m%:uj;djg iudc ld¾h l<ukdlrK jevuq¿jla (Social Performa nc e
Ma na gement)
2009
fufyhjkq ,eîh' tu jevuq¿j" GTZ ProMis jHdmD;sh iy bkaÈhdfõ EDA Rural Systems (Pvt) Ltd wdh;kj, úfYaI iyfhda.h u; mj;ajkq ,eîh' tu jevuq¿jg MFI wdh;k 8lska meñKs ksfhdað;hska iy Nd.s jqy'
fkdjeï n¾ 25-28 Èkj,§ DF úiska
tf;r mqj;a .%dóka f*daka wdh;kfha fldgia fj<| m, .uk' 2006 fkdan,a idu ;Hd.hg ysñlï mE fudyuâ hqkqia úiska ks¾udKhjQ laIqø uQ ,H la f Ia ;% f ha oejeka ; wdh;k hlajk .%dóka nexl=fjka iykOdr,dNS wdh;khlajk .%dóka fg,sfldï wdh; kfha 38] fldgia ysñ wdh;kh .%dóka f*daka wdh;kh fõ' fuu wdh;khg nx.,dfoaYa rfÜ b;d fõ.fhka j¾O kh jk ñ,shk 46 cx.u mdßfNda.sl hkaf.ka ñ,shk 21l mokula we;' wdodhï w;ska n,k l,ays fuh rfÜu b;d úYd, fm!oa.,sl wdh;khls' .% dóka f*daka wdh;kfha IPO j trg b;sydifhau fm!oa.,sl nexl==jla fuhg fmr msysgqjd ;snQ jd¾;dj isõ .=Kh lska ì|fy¿ nj vld fldgia fj<| fmdf<a iNdm;s rlsí W,a ryaudka mejiSh' uQ,dY%h ( (http://www.dailymirror.lk/ DM_BLOG/Sections/frm News DetailView . aspx?ARTID=63614
SMS mdol laIøq uQ,HlrKh moaO;s hla ksrdjrKh fõ' MFI j,g ;ukaf.a iïmQ¾K l%shd ldrS;ajhg cx.u ÿrl:k yd cx.u mß.Klhla u.ska fufyhjk kj moaO;shla ksrdjrKh lr we;' ‘FrontlineSMS: Credit’ moaO;sh SMS tl;= lrk uDÿldx. iy cx.u jdksc bÈßm;a lsÍï taldnoaOj MFI j,g Kh ksl=;a lsÍu yd tu Kh fidhd ne,Sï jeks lghq;= is¥ lsrSug fuu moaO;sh ksmojd we;' th Frontline SMS kï fkdñf,a ,efnk újD; uQ,dY% uDÿ ldx.hla jk w;r ta u.ska w;ska f.k hd yels mß.Klhla yd cx.u ÿrl: khla ikaksfõok uOHia:dkhla f,i mßj¾;k l, yels h' th msysgqùfuka miq GSM reyeka rys; (wireless) ÿr l:k cd,h Tiafia m%;s,dNSka ;ukaf.a cx.u ÿr l:kh u.ska lKavdhïj,g mKsjqv ,nd .ekSug fyda heùug uÕ mEfoa'
tu fjí wvúhg wkqj" iEu úêu;a uQ,H lafIa;% fiajdjkau ÿmam;a jHjid hlhskag wlaIr 160la fyda wvq uÜg ñka ,nd§ug FRONTLINE SMS : CREDIT wruqKq fldgf.k we;' fuu; kj jHdmdrh" ksoyia yd iEu mqoa., hl=gu <Õdúh yels uQ,dY%j,ska iys; uQ,H fudähq,a fm<la f.dvkÕd tu.ska ienE ld,fha§ u cx.u f.ùï l%u ikaksfõo k lsÍug FRONTLINE SMS j.n,d.kshs' fuys ks¾ud;D jrhdf.a u;h wkqj fuu l%uh laIqø uQ,H l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;s hla fukau jegqma ,ehsia;"= laIqø rlaIK jdßl yd f.ùï /ia lsÍï yd fnod yeÍï" Kh ú;a;s yd fnod yeÍï wd§ foaj,g Frontline SMS mßj¾;kh lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' uQ,dY%h ( http://www. finextra.com/ full story. asp?id=20616
bkaoSh laIqø uQ,H wdh;k msyg s ù q u i|yd jQ Kh Ndrldr uKav,h laIqø uQ,H wdh;k 25la tlaj we,a*d kue;s Ndrldr uKav,hla msysgd we;' fuhska laIqø uQ,H lafIa;%h i|yd lem jQ yhsud¾la keue;s Kh ld¾hdxYhla msysg ùug kshñ; h' we,a*d wdh;khg kdhl;ajh BASIX wdh;kfha iNdm;s úfþ ufkdcka iyd bl=úgdia uhsfl%da *skEkaia ^Equitas Microfinance) l<ukdlrK wOHlaI mS. tka. jdiqfoajka hk uy;ajreka úiska orKq ,efí' uQ,dY%h(
http://www.dnaindia.com/ money/report_credit-bureau-for-mfis-inmaking_1296640
È<s÷ ck;dj i|yd Kh ms< n s | fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudjkag RBI tfrys fõ' laIqø uQ,H wdh;k úiska whlrk ,o widOdrK wkqcd;sl ms<sn| j bka§h uy nexl=j;a fcHIaG rcfha ks<OdÍkq;a ie,ls,su;a ù we;s w;r uy nexl=j fmd,S wkqmd;sl ms<sn| iSudjkag úreoaO;djh okajd we;' laIqø uQ,H
wdh;k úiska wh lrk ,o wê fmd<S wkqmd;slh ms<sn| m%YaKh W.% ùf.k hk w;r ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ hï hï m% foaYj, nyqúO Kh ,nd §fï wjia:djka o olakg ;sfí' laIqø uQ,H mK; iïu; j jydu laIqø uQ,H wdh;k úiska Kh ,nd§u ms<sn| wh flfrk wkqmd;slh u; iSudjka muqKqùfï wjia:dj t<öfï iïNdú;djhla ;sfí' kS;s iïmdok wud;HxYh úiska —fuu fhdð; mKf;a flgqïm; ksud fjñka mj;s' tu flgqïm; ilia lsÍfï lghq;=j, fh§ isák ks,Odßfhla mjikafka fuu mK; uÕska fmd<S wkqmd;slh ms<sn| wjYH ud¾f.damfoaYhla iemfhk n,h rchg ,efí˜ hkakh' uQ,dY%h (
http://www.dnaindia.com/ money/report_rbi-against-interest-ratecap-on-loans-to-poor_1298716
È<s÷ ck;djg uQ,Huh m%f õYhla ms<sn| wOHhk jHdmD;shla IMF úiska m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' È<s÷Ndjh wju lsÍfï wruqKska hq;a m%;sm;a;sj,g Wojq lsÍu msKsi uQ,Huh fiajdjkag <.dùu ms<sn| j o;a; /ia lsÍfï c.;a uÜgfï jHdmD;shla cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' tu jHdmD;sh hgf;a Kh myiqlï" ;ekam;=" Kh iq/l=ïm;a iy rlaIK ms<sn| j" l%udkql+, mokñka rgj,ska o;a; /ialrñka uQ,H fiajdjkag mq¿,a jYfhka <Õdùfï m%;sm;a;sj, m%uL q ;djh ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd WmldÍùug kshñ; h' uQ,dY%h( http://ae.zawya.com/Story. cfm/sidANA20091005T095448ZFLX91/ IMF%20announces%20project%20to% 20study%20financial%20access%20for% 20poor
foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r mqyqKq yd jevigyka mqyK q q :1. IMF i|yd uQ,Huh úYaf,aIKh
f;dr;=re i|yd Info@nimbusconsulting.net www.nimbuscaonsulting.net Nimbus consulting
yd .sKï q lrKh ^ud¾;= 9-11" 2010 fld<U& 2. wNHka;r md,kh yd wjodkï mokñka hq;a wNHka;r laIøq uQ,H wdh;k we.hSu yd ú.Kkh wdfhdack mqyK q q jevigyk ^ud¾;= 15-18" 2010 fld<U& 2010 fmnrjdrs 8 - 10" bkaoh s dfõoS
laIøq uQ,H iï iïfï,kh" 2010 2010 fmnrjdrs 14 - 16" fkamd,fhaoS laIøq uQ,H wdh;k i|yd wdfhdack ,nd.ekSfï iqodku" mqyK q q jevigyk 2010 fmnrjdrs 10 - 12" bkaoshdfõoS
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Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum
idlÉPd uKavmh cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqo, iu. iQúfYaI iïuqL idlÉPdjla
t,a'ta 'ta'mshodi wOHlaI - Kh myiqlï cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqo, (NDTF)
—fï ms<sn|j ñY m%;spdrhla ,eî we;s kuqÿ th t;rñ nr m;, fkdjk nj ug lsjyelsh' úfYaIfhka NDTF wruqo,a yd wvq fmd<S wkqmd;slhg l%shdlsÍfï § ;ukag ÿIalr;djhka mek kÕsk nj iuyr úYd, iQlaIu uQ,H wdh;k wmg oekqï § ;sfí˜'
rcfha wdh;khla jYfhka 1991§ msysgq jk ,o cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wr uqo, (NDTF) wOHlaI uKav,hla úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,efí' tu kñka wemldr iud.ula f,i wdis h dkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fjka (ADB) uq,HdOdr ,nd tu.ska laIqø uQ,H wdh;kj,g (MFI) fmdÿ Kh myiq lï ,nd§u msKsi 2003 § ixia:dmkh lrkq ,enqfõh' laIqø uQ,H lg hq;= j,oS iajhx md,khla fufyhjhs' Kh iy Kh fkdjk wdOdr imhñka Y% S ,xldfõ la Iq ø uQ ,H fla I ;% h ixj¾Okh ls Í u Wfoid NDTF wdh;kh b;d wk.s msgqjy,la jQfha h' laIqø uQ ,H wdh;k (MFI) fufia wdOdr ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=re j tu lafIa;%h iajlSh wNsjDoaêh ixj¾Okh lr .ekSug yels jQ w;r n,j;a yelshdjla i;= lr f.k we;' j¾; udkfha NDTF wdh;kh yjq,a ixú Odk 250la tla j lghq;= lrhs' flfia fj;;a uE;l § NDTF wdh;kh laIqø uQ,H wdh;kj,g imhk ,o fmdÿ Kh myiqlï i|yd ^ySkjk fYaIh u;& 15] la fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudjla y÷kajd § we;' wkfmalaIs ; jQ fuu mshjr bÈßm;a ù fuka Y% S ,xldfõ la I q ø uQ,HlrKfha iuyr jD;a;sl hska fuu mshjr ms<sn| j ;ukaf.a lKiai,a, m< lr isáhy' fuu lafIa;%fha j¾;udk wjYH;d yd m%Yak ms <s n|j .fõIKd;a ulj yd úi÷ï fiùu i|yd ixjdo fõÈldjla bÈßm;a lrk Y%S ,xld uQ,HlrK ixioh (SLMFF) fuu fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudjka ms<sn| we;=,dka;h oek .ekSu iïnkaOfhka cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqof,a (NDTF) Kh myiqlï ms<sn| wOHlaI mshodi uy;d iu. ms<si|rl fhfok ,oS' SLMFF: fuu fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudfõ wruqK l=ula o@ NDTF: m¾hka; Kh,dNshd i|yd jk fmd<S wkqmd;slh wvq lsÍfï rcfha m%;sm;a;shg wkqj fuu ;SrKh 2009 cQ,s udifha § .kakd ,§' wms fiajh lrkafka fuu rfÜ wka; ÿ.S ckhdg
yd laIqø jHjidhl wdh;k i|ydu h' laIqø jHjidhl jHdmdrhla fufyhjk ÿmam;a mqoa.,fhl=g laIqø uQ,H wdh;khg úYd, m%udKfha wkqmd;slhla f.ùug wmyiq h' yjq,a ixúOdk 20] iu;, fyda 30] ySkjk fYaIh u; fmd<S wkqmd;slhla whlr .ks;s' fuys taldldÍ njla fkdfmfka' iq¿ mßudKfha jHjidhl mqoa.,fhla 30]la Y=oaO w;sßla;hla fuu fmd<sh i|y du muKla Wmhd.; hq ;= j we;' ,efnk M,h ,dNhla bmehS ug ;rï m%udKj;a fkdjk fyhska ;u jHdmdrh ;sridrj mj;ajd .ekSfï§ ÿIa lr;djhkag uqyqK §ug isÿfõ' wfma wruqK jkafka m%Odk jYfhka iq¿ mßudK jHjidhlhs kag ^wfma wr uqof,a m¾hka;,dNSkag& iykhla ie, iSu h' SLMFF: NDTF ka Kh ,nd .kakd la I q ø uQ ,H wdh;kj, m% ;s p dr flfiaù o@ NDTF: fï ms<s n|j ñY m% ;spdr hla ,eî we;s kuqÿ th t;rñ nr m;, fkdjk nj ug lsjyelsh' úfYaIfhka NDTF wruqo,a yd wvq fmd<S wkqmd;sl hg l%shd lsÍfï § ;ukag ÿIalr;dj hka mek kÕsk nj iuyr úYd, laIqø uQ,H wdh;k wmg oekqï § ;sfí' flfia fj;;a fujeks iuyr laIqø uQ,H wdh;k yereKq úg wfkl=;a wh j¾Ihg 15] g;a wvq fmd<S wkqmd;sl hg ;ukaf.a Kh ,dNSka i|yd m%;suQ,H myiqlï NDTF f.ka È.gu ,nd.kS' iq¿ mßudKfha yjq,a ixúOdk yd wmg .eg¿jla ke;' wfma wruqK fu jeks .ï uÜgfï iq¿ ixúOdk jeä ÈhqKq lsÍuh' úYd, MFI wdh;k fmd<S wkqmd;sl jeä lsÍu ;ukag we;s tlu úiÿula f,i is;d lghq;= fkdl< hq;= h' ;ukaf.a fufyhqï msßjeh wvqlsÍu msKsi Tjqkag l%shdl<yelsh' fï i|yd wjYH mqyqKq lsÍu iïnkaOfhka NDTF fhka jl%j wdOdr ,nd.; yelsh'
i|yd uq, msÍï rdYShla wmg bosrsm;a lr we;' Tjqka ;ukaf.a Kh myiqlï l=uk whqßka fjkalr ls%hdlrkafka o hehs lSjd kï" m<uq Kh myiqlï NDTF wruqo,ska o fjk;a Kh ud¾. j,ska ,nd .kakd wruqo,ska B<Õ Kh myiqlï o ,nd fo;s' SLMFF : fuu fmd<S wkqmd;sl iSudj j,x.=jkafka ljod isgo@ NDTF : cQ,s 01" 2009 SLMFF : fuh wod< jkafka w¿;a Kh i|yd o ke;fyd;a w¿;a yd oeka mj;sk Kh myiqlï i|yd o @ NDTF : w¿;a Kh i|yd muKs' SLMFF: fuh wod< jkafka Tn wdh;kfhka ,nd .;a Kh i|yd muKlao@ NDTF : wfmka iemfhk uQ,H wdOdr i|yd muK hs' fuu lafIa;%fha lghq;= lrk tlu rcfha wdh;kh NDTF muK h' tfiau fmd<S wkqmd;slh wvq lsÍu rcfha m%;sm;a;shla o fõ' S L M F F : m j ;s k ; ;a ;a jhk a ie,ls,a,g .;fyd;a" 8] wdka;slhla MFI wdh;kfha ;sridr meje;aug m% udKj;a nj Tn is;kafka wehs@ NDTF : úYd, MFI wdh;kj,g fuu 8] fmd<S úia;drh wdka;slùug fya;=j Tjqka ;ukaf.a m%;s,dNSkag ,nd fok fjk;a wdOdrj, msßjeh b;d wêl h' kuq;a" th iq¿ mßudKfha .%dóh ixúOdk i|yd m%udKj;a h' MFI wdh;k ;ukaf.a Kh jevigyka ld¾hlaIu j yd M,odhS f,i ls%hdjg kexúh hq;= h' tu.ska Tjqkaf.a ls% hdkaú; msßsjeh wvq lr .ekSug yels fõ' wdikak n,mEï wêl jQj;a È.=ld,Sk j is;k l,ays iqjodhS yd ld¾hlaIu laIqø uQ,H lafIa;%hla tu.ska YS% ,xldfõ ks¾udKh fõ' ^8 jeks msgqjg&
oekgu;a iuyr MFI wdh;k wmf.a wruqo,a ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .ekSu
(MFI) laIøq uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= iÔùlrKh lsÍu
prs; r;aj;a; YS% ,xld jHdmdr ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh fuu ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKqfõ kï" laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;kh uqo,a ,nd fok b;d jeo.;a uQ,dY%hlg u. mEfohs' fuh ,nd .ekSug kï wmg kj jHjia:d wjYH ke;' oekg mj;sk jHjia:d muKla iïmQ¾Kfhkau ls%hd;aulfõ kï" YS% ,xldfõ laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;khg uqo,a ,nd§u i|yd jk oekg we;s ysÕlu b;d iq¿ m%Yakhla njg m;a fõú'˜
;uka f .a idudðlhs k a w;r la I q ø jHjidh ckkh lsÍu msKsi j.lSulska hq;= Kh ixialD;shla" wdfhdackhla iy fuu wruqo,a Kh ,nd §u i|yd idudðlhska f.ka ,nd .;a ;ekam;= laIqø uQ,H wdh;k iÔùlrKh l< hq;= j we;' YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H iNdj 76 (A) (1) (E) j.ka;sfha fr.=,disj,g wkqj 1988 wxl 30 uq,a nexl= mk; ixfYdaOkh lrk 1995 ys wxl 30 jeks nexl= ixfYdaOk mk;g wod< nexl= mk;g wkqj n,m;% fkd,;a jdKsc nexl= fkdjk" uQ,H wdh;k fkdjk" iuQmldr iñ;s fkdjk" f.dvke.s,s iñ;s fkdjk wdh;k ;ukaf.a idudð lhskaf.ka l=uk fyda mk; hgf;a we;s lrk ,ÿj ,dNdxY wruqKlska fkdue;s kï" ;ekam;= ,nd .ekSug
fyda wdfhdackh lsÍug fyda Kh ,nd §ug ,sÅ; j wkque;sh Èh yels h' fuu úêúOdk ls%hd;aulùug yelsjk fia kS;sÍ;s ie,iqï lsÍu msKsi nexl= mk;ska Yla;su;a jQ wkqnoaê; jHjia:dfjka fr.=,dis uy nexl=j úiska ilia l< hq;= h' fuu úêúOdk ilia lrk ,oafoa fr.=,dis rduqj ie,iqïlrK wjia:dfõ mj;sk wvqmdvq y÷kd .ekSug úfYaIfhka u mkjk ,§' fuu úêúOdkj,g wkqj i¾fjdaofha SEEDS wdh;kh YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ wkque;s ,smshla ,ndf.k we;s nj o l,lg fmr tjka wkque;sh i|yd w¾:p¾hd wdh;kh b,a,Sï l< nj;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H iNdj tu b,a,Su wjodkhg ,la lr we;s nj;a oek.kakg ,eî ;sfí'
fkdfhla laIqø uQ,H imhkakkag kS;Hdkql+, j ;ekam;= lsÍu .eg¿jla ù ;sfí' —fuu ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKqfõ kï" laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;kh uqo,a ,nd fok b;d jeo.;a uQ,dY%hlg u. mEfohs' fuh ,nd .ekSug kï wmg kj jHjia:d wjYH ke;' oekg mj;sk jHjia:d muKla iïmQ¾Kfhkau ls% hd;aulfõ kï" YS% ,xldfõ laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;khg uqo,a ,nd§u i|yd jk oekg we;s ysÕlu b;d iq¿ m%Yakhla njg m;a fõú'˜
prs; r;aj;a; YS% ,xld jHdmdr ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh
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Volume 3, January 2010
isoaê wOHhkh laIøq uQ,HlrKh yd ksjyk ( YS% ,xldfõ ol=Kq m<df;a laIøq uQ,HlrK jevigyk iïnkaO n,mEï ;lafiarej miq.sh Y;j¾I ld,jljdkqfõ zuQ,Huh ixj¾Ok yd wd¾Ólj¾OkZ lafIa;%fha laIqø uQ,HlrKh b;d jeo.;a u uq, msÍula úh' .ï m<d;a jf.au kd.ßl m% foaYj, o iq¿ jHjidh lghq;= fhdackd i|yd wdfhdackj,g uq, msÍfuka .u ixj¾Ok yd È<sÿNdjh wju lsÍu ;=<ska ;sridr wd¾Ól j¾Okfha ld¾hlaIu WmlrKhla f,i mq¿,a jYfhka ms<s.kakd ,§' b;d uE;l § wvq wdodhï,dNSkag hym; wruqKq fldg.;a wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok m%fõYhla f,i o" È<s÷ nj wju lsÍu" m% ñ;sßNdjfha iudk;djhg iyfhda.h oelaùu" jeämqr iudk;djhlska wdodhï fnod yeÍu i|yd Èß .ekaùu" fm! oa.,sl wxYh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍu we;=<;a iyi%fha ixj¾Ok b,lal (MDG) idOkh lsÍu msKsi b;d hym;a u.la f,i o ixj¾Ok wd¾Ól úoHd{hska laIqø uQ,HlrKh wjOdrKh lr isáhy' m%uqL;djh Èhhq;= uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i ksjykla ie,ls,a,g Ndckh jqj o ksjykla Khg ,nd .ekSu (BHH) j¾Okh lsÍfuys,d laIqø uQ,H lr Kh n,mEï we;s l< hq;= h' flfia fj;;a" ksjyka flfrys laIqø uQ,H lrKfha n,mEï ms<sn|j m¾fhaIl hska fuf;la l,a ;u Wkkaÿj fhduq lr ke;' fuu mr;rh;a iu. laIqø uQ,HlrKh yd ksjyk" laIqø uQ,H lrKfha kj;u lafIa;%hla njg m;a j we;' tfyhska laIqø uQ,HlrK jevigykaj, ksjyka j¾Okh ls Ífï YlH;djh ms <s n| we.hSug ,la lsÍu b;d jeo.;a h' YS% ,xl dfõ ol= Kq m<df;a ksjyka ;;a;ajh jeäÈhqKq lrk laIqø u Q , Hl r K je v i g y k a f l ; r ï l d¾hl a Iuoehs úYa f,a IK l s Íu j¾;udk wOHhkfha wruqKfõ' m%Odk fmf<a cd;sl ;,fha we;s laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;kj, (MFI) m%;s,dNSka 405 fofkla ms<sn| j fuu wOHhk
mokï fldg ilid we;' tkï" uQ,Huh iuqmldrj,ska iliqrejï iy Kh myiqlï iuQmldr (TCCS)" rch úiska fmdaIKh jk iuDoaê nexl= iñ;s (SBS)" w¾O rdcH wdh;kj,ska reyqK ixj¾Ok nexl=j (RDB)" rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj,ska i¾fjdaoh wd¾Ól jHjidh ixj¾Ok iñ;s (SEEDS)" fuu m¾fhaIKh wruqKq i|yd jirlg fkdjeä ld,hla laIqø uQ,HlrKh iu. idudðl;ajhla fkdue;s oekg isák .%dylhskaf.a ksjyka lKavdhïj, idfmalaI;djh (CHH) úuid n,kq ,eîh' miqj y÷kd.;a lKavdhu" ;j;a wkq lKavdhï folg tkï" BHHsG2 ^laIqø uQ,HlrKh u. idudðl;ajh 1-4 jir ;=<& f,i o ;j;a lKavdhula BHHsG3^iQlaIu uQ,HlrKh iu. idudðl;ajh jir 4 g jeä& f,i o kï flßKs' o¾Ylhka f,i jdiia:dkfha bvlv" ksjyfka ;;a;ajh yd mÈxÑ ù we;s ksjdifha j¾;udk fjf<|fmd< jákdlu wd§ hk n,mEï we.hSï lghq;= i|yd Ndckhg ,laúKs' ksjeishka fomsßi (BHHI iy CHH) i|yd ish¨u úp,Hhkaj, idudkH ix.%y n,mEï (ATE) weia;fïka;= lrk ,§' o;a; úYaf,aIK mokug wkqj laIqø uQ,H Kh myiqlï" Khg ,nd .;a ksjykaj,g ;ukaf.a ksjfia ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd hym;lau isÿlr we;s nj l;Djrhd úiska ksjdi ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ish¨u o¾Yl fhdod fidhd .kakd ,§' ^fuhg jyf,a ;;a;ajh we;=<;a fkdfõ'& tkï" jdiia:dkfha bvlv" mÈxÑ ù isák ksjdifha oekg mj;sk fjf<|fmd< w.h hkq" o¾Ylhka WodyrKhla jYfhka" BHHG3 mÈxÑ ksjil bvlv m%udKh ATE ^Y=oaO w.fha jákdlu& j¾. wä 124'4 jQ w;r fuh CHH ksjilg jvd 20'3] jeämqr nj fmkS .sfha h' fï w;r" BHHsG3 mÈxÑ ksjdij, 85'1] la ì;a;s lmrdre l<
me;s ì;a;s iys; j ;snqK o" BHHsG2 j, tfia lmrdre l< ì;a;s 71'5] o CHHs j, tu m%;sY;h 42'3] olajd o wvq ù ;snqKs' fuhg wu;r j BHHsG3 ksfjiaj, m%;sY;h 9] la yd BHHsG2 ksfjiaj, m%;sY;h 15'1] la o fmf<djg f.du fhdod ;snqKq w;r CHH j,g wh;a ksfjiaj,ska m%;sY;h 30'9] olajd f.du fhdod ;snqKs' wjidk jYfhka mÈxÑ ù isák ksjdij, fjf<|fmd< jákdlñka m%;sl%uK úYaf,aIKfhka fmkS .sfha" wdlD;sfha wfkla ish¨u úp,Hhka ksh;j mej;sfha kï" Kh myiqlïj, tall tll j¾Okh BHHsG3 ksfjiaj, jákdlñka tall 4 l jeä lsÍula we;s jk nj h' fuhg yd;amiskau fjkila f,i" Kh myiqlïj, tallhla jeäfõ kï" BHHsG2 ksfjiaj, jákdlñka 2'2 j¾Okhla muKhs olakg ,efnkafka' fuu úYaf,aIKfha mokug wkqj" laIqø uQ,H jD;a;slhska ;ukaf.a iq¿ mßudK wd¾Ól ñkqï oKavla f,i ksjdi Kh fhdackdj,g iDcqju uQ,H iemhqj o BHH ksjyka CHH yd ii|d n,kúg fuys jl%j fhfok laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;k hym;a n,mEula we;s lrhs'
fuu wOHhkfha iïmQ¾K l;Df.ka ,nd .; yel'
ta'fca'tï' pkaøodi fcHIaG l:sldpdhœ wd¾:sl wxYh reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h Chandra@econ.ruh.ac.lk
Tn ish,a,kagu m%; S u s ;a kj jirla fõjd ! 2010
jd¾;dj
ta'fca'tï' pkaøodi fcHIaG l:sldpdhœ wd¾:sl wxYh reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h —o;a; úYaf,aIK mokug wkqj iQlaIu uQ,H Kh myiqlï" Khg ,nd .;a ksjykaj,g (BHH) hym;lau isÿlr we;' ksjdifha mj;sk ;;a;ajh ^fuhg jyf,a ;;a;ajh we;=<;a fkdfõ& tkï" jdiia:dkfha bvlv" fjf<|fmd< w.h jeks ish¨u o¾Yl mÈxÑ ù isák ksjdifha oekg mj;sk ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug WmldrSúh'˜
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Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum
laIqø uQ,HlrK Ys,amSh l%u uQ,Huh ksIm a dokh i|yd fj<|m< m¾fhaIK fuys m%ldYs; woyia l;Djrhdf.a u jk w;r tajd PLAN Y%S ,xldfõ woyia ms<sìUq fkdjk nj ie,lsh hq;=hs'
koSrd rKNdyq; laIqø uQ,HlrK úfYaI×
Plan Sri lanka
—Y%S ,dxflah laIqø uQ,HlrK jD;a;slhska yd meje;ajQ wka;¾ l%shdj,sfha § wkdjr Kh jQ lreKq kï úia;rd;aul fj<| m, ksIamdok jeä ÈhqKq lr y÷kajd §u msKsi lafIa;% ks,OdÍkaf.a w;aoelSï u; jeämqru /£ isák nj;a" iólaIKhla fufyhùu fjkqjg Tjqka ;u lafIa;% ks,OdÍka iuÕ ióm iïnkaOlula we;s lr .ekSfuka ;u ld¾h uKav,fha wh" mdßfNda.sl hskaf.a wjYH;djhka yd ukdmkhka wjfndaOlr .kshs hehs wkqudkh lr .ks;s'˜
j¾;udk jHdmdr mßirfha ksIamdok pl%h mqrdu “mdßfNda mdßfNda. l s ÈYdNsuL q ùu” ùu ;rÕldÍ fj<|mf,a yqfola ;sr idr meje;aug w;HjYHù ;sfí' j¾; udkfha wjodkh fjkiaùu;a iuÕu fkdfhla Ys,amShl%u ;=<ska NdKav ksIa mdok lr tajd wf,úlrK ksIamdokh wruqKq lr.ekSu jeks ixl,am j,ska NdKav yd fiajdj, ixj¾Okhg fmr mdßfNda.slhdf.a ukdm yd wjYH;d y÷kd.;a mdßfNda.sl ÈYdNsuqL f,i úlikhù we;' fuu m%jK;dj laIqø uQ,H lafIa;%fha u u;= fjñka mj;S' fuys laIqø uQ,H wdh;k^MFI& mdß fNda.slhskag iß,kfia mdßfNda.l s hska fl a k a ø l r.;a r.; uQ ,Huh ks I a mdok ixj¾Ok lrkq ,efí' fuhg wu;r j la I q ø uQ , H wdh;k n, ls Í fï wjYH;djlao fmfkkakg we;' takï laIqø uQ,H wdh;kj, ksIamdok" mdß fNda.slhskag .e,fmk whqßka fkdue;s ùu fya;=fõka iEu jirlau mdid fndfyda fihska mdßfNda.slhskaj wysñ lr .ekSufya;=fjka mq¿jka lrug mdßfNda.slhska fjkqfjka j.lSulska lghq;=l< hq;=j we;'^HULME, 1990&' fï ksid fujeks ixl,amuh mßirhl fj<|fmd< ms<sn| m¾fhaIKhla .e, fmao@ mdßfNda.slhka wruqKq lr.;a fiajdj,s,a ,nd.; yels jdis l=ulao@ fj<|m, m¾fhaIK l%shd ud¾. yd Ys,amShl%u l=ulao@ Y%S ,dxflah mßir hl tajd flfia fhdod.; hq;= o@ fïjd fuu ,smsfha mßYS,khg ,lajk lreKq j,ska lSmhls' fj<|m, m¾fhaIK ^ MR&& laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;khl ^MFI& j¾;udk yd wkd.;fha n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yels YlH;djhla we;s mdßfNda.slhdf.a wjYH;d yd ukdmhka wjfndaO lr .ekSu msKsi ie,iqï lrk ,o l%shdud¾.hla yd th l%shdldÍ jk mßirhg;a uQ,Huh ld,hg;a wkqj l%shd lsÍu hehs fj<|m, m¾fhaIKh ks¾jpkh lr we;' ^Wright, 2000& th ls%hd;aul lrjk jD;a;slhskaf.a m%:u m%Yakhla jk" laIqø uQ,H wdh;k ;u mdßfNda.slhskag ksIamdokh flfrys j¾Okh lsrfuka we;s úh yels m%;s,dNh l=ula o@ hkakg ms<s;=r fuu ks¾jpkh imhhs' ud;Dldfõ meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj kj ksIamdok jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iïnkaOj we;s f;dr;=re oekg mj;sk ksIamdo jvd;a m%ikak ;;ajhg m;a lsÍu" yd wf,ú lsÍu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfuka mdßfNda.slhdf.a wNSlaIdj yd l,a wd§ foaj,a fj<| m, m¾fhaIKh ,nd fohs' uQ,Huh fj<|m, m¾fhaIKh ixlS¾K l%shdj,shla f,i wmg isys le|jqjo l=vd iy uOH mßudKfha laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;k^MFI& u.ska we;a; jYfhka u l<ukdlrKh l< hq;= fohla fkdjkafka h' fj<| m¾fhaIK
l%shdj,sh" fojeks fmf<a iudf,dapk fm<la ;=<ska m¾fhaIKh i|yd jk .eg¿j y÷kd .ekSfuka wdrïN fõ' fuhska fidhd .kakd foa" m¾fhaIK i|yd jk wruqKq” o;a; /ia lsÍu wkq.ukh lrk fj<|m, m¾fhaIK ie,iqu ilia lsÍug WmldÍ fõ' o;a; /ia lsÍu msKsi" wjodkhg ,la jk lKavdhï idlÉPd ^FGD& yd iy Nd.s;aj .%dóh m%fõYhka ^PRA& jeks idudkH .=Kd;aul o;a; /ia lsÍfï Ys,amSh l%u fhdod .ekSu Wkkaÿjg ,lajQ lreKla nj fuys i|yka l< hq;=h' tu ksid uQ,Huh ks ia mdok ixj¾Okh yd iïnka O f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug fujeks Wm lrK flfia l= u k wdldrfhka fhdod .efkao hkq mßYS,kh lsÍu m% fhdackhfõ' uQ,H uh .;sl yelshdjka rgd yd Wjukd jka iy mdß fNda.slhdf.a Okj;a ;rd;sru wd§ y\qkd .ekSu i|yd fhda.H ld,h" Ôú;pl%h" ld,ms<sfj< hkq PRA Wm lrK ixfYdaOkhg ,laù we;' m%cd jka ;=< f;aÍï ukdm yd wjia:djka i|yd uQ,Huh fiajdjka ;SrKh lsÍfï § .=Kdx. yd wdh;ksl fY%aKs.; lsÍfï Ys,amShl%u WmldÍfõ' fuhg wu;rj FGD/ PRA jeks Wm lrK"wruqKqj,g wkqj mqñ;sß Ndjhg wod< lreKq yd iïm;aj, mÈxÑlre jka md,kh jeksfoa y÷kd.ekSu msKsi Ndú; flf¾' wf,úlrKfha “8P” .=Kd;aul o;a; úYaf,aIK i|yd fhdod .kakd ,È' m%:u fmf<a l%shdlrùu yd HR jeks ish¨u fomd¾;fïka;=j, ksfhdað; hskaf.ka hq;a fkdfhla wx.j,ska iE¥ lKavdhulska ksIamdok ie,eiau" ñ, .Kka" uq,msßï" ia:dkh" ;;a;ajh" fN!;slk idlaIs" ck;dj yd l%shdj,sh jeks foa tu “8P” hehs kï flf¾' wdrïNl ksIamdok ixl,amh we;s úYaf,aIK m%;sM, fm<.eiqKq FGDW fhdod ixfYdaOkh lrk ,È' wjYH kï" ks¾udKh jQ ksIamdokhla we;s lr.; yels m%udKd;aul kshduk mÍlaIKh tu m¾fhaIKh W!k mQ¾K hla f,i we;súKs' fufia meyeÈ,s l< whqßka l%udkql+,j wf,ú lrk m¾fhaIKh wkq.ukhlf<a kï" MEI j,ska nyq;rfha ixlS¾K lreKq wvqlr" meyeÈ,s uQ,Huh ksIamdokh m%;sM,hfõ' flkahd" nx.,dfoaYa" W.kavdj" ol=Kq wm%sldj" iy bkaÈhdj jeks laIqø uQ,H fj<|mf<a m%uqLhka isák rgj,a we;=¿ f,dalh mqrd u we;s MFI j, fj<|m, m¾fhaIKh mq¿,a jYfhka fhdod .kq ,efí' ksoiqkla f,i nx.,dfoaYa rfÜ ASA, gekaidkshdfõ fmdaiag,a nEkala jeks MFI wdh;k MR m¾fhaIK fidhd.ekSïj,g wkqj ;u ksIamdok jeä ÈhqKq l< fyhska b;sß lsÍï iÔùlrKh" ie,lsh hq;= uÜg ug id¾:l;ajhg m;aj we;' fuhg
wu;rj" flkahdfõ Bl=úá nEkala" W.kavdfõ FINCA wdh;k ;u Kh iïnkaO ksIamdok i|yd fndfyda mdß fNda.slhskaj r|jd .ekSfï wkqmd; lhla w;aú£ we;'(wright, 1999 iy coetzee 2002) kuq;a fndfyda Y%S,dxflah laIqø uQ,HlrK jD;a;slhska yd meje;ajQ wka;¾ l%shdj,sfha § wkdjr Kh jQ lreKq kï" úia;rd;aul fj<| m, ksIamdok jeä ÈhqKq lr y÷kajd §u msKsi lafIa;% ks,OdÍkaf.a w;aoelSï u; jeämqru /£ isák nj;a" iólaIKhla fufyhùu fjkqjg Tjqka ;u l a fIa ;% k s , O d Í k a i uÕ i ó m iïnkaOlula we;s lr .ekSfuka ;u ld¾h uKa v,fha wh" mdßfNda .s l hskaf.a wjYH;djhka yd ukdmkhka wjfnda Olr .ks h s hehs wkq u dkh lr .ks;s' fuu ikao¾Nfha Y%S ,xldfõ fj<|m, m¾fhaIKh mD:Q,j fhdod fkd.ekSug we;s iï NdjH idOl mßYS,kh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk idOlhla f,i fj<|m, m¾fhaI Khl fh§fï § úfYaIfhka m%d:ñl o;a; /ia lsÍfï § isÿjk uQ,Huh msßjeh i|yka lr yel' fndfyda úg laIqø uQ,H wdh;k jeh fjk msßjeh iuÕ fj<|m, m¾ fhaIKj,ska fl<skau ,efnk m%;sM, t;rï jeo.;a fkdjk nj i,l;s' flfia fj;;a fufia woyia lsÍfuka fj<|m, m¾fhaIKhl§ ,nd.; yels È.=ld,Sk m%;s,dN ms<s.ekSug wfmd fydi;a fj;s' ksoiqkla jYfhka iD;=uh wjYH;d jhka" ;rylrejkaf.a Yla;Ska iy ÿ¾j,;d y÷kd .ekSfuka fiajd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu" uqo,a ixprKh l<ukd lsÍfï§ mdßfNda.slhskag WmldÍ jk úfYaIfhka i|ykajQ uQ,Huh ksIamd ok ms<s n| /ia l< uq,a f;dr;= rej, ish¨ ,laIK jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu jeksfoa fl,ska ,nd.; yels m% ;s ,dNj,g wu;r tajdh'flfia fj;;a" m%d:ñl o;a;j,g jvd fojeks fmf<a o;a; fhdod.ekSu b;d ld¾hlaIuj yd b;d ir,j u" /ia lsÍfï § ,dNodhs fohla jkq fyhska th hym;a fohla hehs iuyreka ;¾l l< yelsh' kuq;a fojeks fmf<a o;a;" tla;rd wkaoug tys we;=<dka;h muKla ,nd § m¾fha IK wruqKq <Õd ùuf m¾fhaIK lrejkag WmldÍ úh yels h' tu ksid fojeks fmf<a o;a;j,ska muKla /¢ isàu ks¾foaY fkdflf¾' WodyrKhla jYfhka lafIa;%fha ld¾h uKav,fha whf.ka /ialrk ,o o;a;" Tjqka mdßfNda.slhska yd flnÿ wka;¾ iïnkaO;d isÿlf<ao hkak yd fiajd jka iemhSfï § Tjqka w;ska isÿ jq w; miqùïj,g wod< f;dr;=re we;=<;a fkdfõ' tu ksid f;dard.;a yd w.;Ska j,skahq;a o;a; u.yeÍu msKsi iy úia;rd;aul ;SrK.ekSu i|yd;a m%:u o;a; yd oaú;Sh i;H lreKq yd wxl W! ^8 jeks msgqjg&
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Volume Volume 3, 2, January August 2009 2010
m%Yia; l%h s dud¾. øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrKh ^m<uq jk yd fojk fldgia& ys;j;a mdGl" fuu ,smsh øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrKh ms<n s | ,sms ud,dfõ tla fldgils' fuu ,smsh wx. 4lska hqla; h' 1..ks¾jpkh yd ;d¾lsl;ajh 2..øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;h s 3. øjYS,;d wjodkï uekSu yd ksÍlaIK lsÍu 4. øjYS,;dj l<ukd lsÍu fuu ,smsfha" m<uq yd fojk fldgia jk ks¾jpkh yd ;d¾lsl;ajh iy øjYS,;d wjodku l<ukdlrK m%;s m;a;sh kï úIhhka SLMFF j¾;udk l,dmfha olajd we;' Y%S ,xld i Q la I u u Q ,H l r K ix io h fjkqfjka fuu ,smsj,ska odhlùug tlÕ;djh m<lsÍu i|yd wjodkï l<ukdlrK lafIa;%fha m% ùKfhla jk ksrdc l= ud¾ uy;dg wms ia;; = sjka; fjuq'
^Kh iy b;sß lsÍï wdmiq ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk mdßfNda.slhskaf.a b,a¨ï" wdh;k msßjeh i|yd jk f.ùï" imhkakka yd Kh f.úh hq;= wh i|yd jk f.ùï& ffoksl iÔú mokñka w.h fldg ie,lSu
• wl¾uKH uqo,ska ,efnk" fmr bmehQ jeh wju lsÍu
• wju ixÑ; wjYH;d yd fjk;a kshduk imqrd,Su
øjYS,;d
• yÈis wjia:d Kh .ekSu yd foam< n,fhka øjYS,;djg m;a lsÍfï wu;r msßjeh uÕ yeÍu
øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrK øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrKh m%;m s ;a;h s
• ish¨u uqo,a ixrpk
• ms<. s ; yels øjYS,;d WmlrK ks¾jpk lsÍu ^ksoiqka f,i" uqo,a jYfhka fyda wf,ú l<yels iq/l=ï m;a& kshduk iSudjka øjYS,;d l%u fõoh ;SrKh lsÍfï § ie, ls,a,g .; hq;= h'
m%ñ;Ska • mj;ajd .; hq;= øjYS,;dfõ m%
øjYS,;dj hkq" fome;a;u lefmk msyshlg iudkfõ' øjYS,;dfõ wvq mdvq ksid" wdh;khla f.ùï ms<n s | ;u hq;=lï bgqlsÍug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a tys isoaëka fm<la l%shd;aul jk w;r fkdfhla fldgialrejka w;r m<uq fldgi úYajdih ke;s lrkjd;a iu.u tys miqnEfï m%udKh l=uk fyda fõjd ks¾jpkh yd ;d¾lsl;ajh th udrdka;sl úh yels h' wksla my; oelafjk tlla fyda ñY% idOl lSmhla wkq.ukh lsÍfuka wdh;khla w;sk"a øjYS,;dj ´kEjg jvd isÿ th wdh;khla f.ùï ms<sn| ;ukaf.a hq;=lï ksisf,i jqjfyd;a a hg m;a lrhs' bgq lsÍfï yelshdj øjYS,;dj hehs nxfldf,d;a ;;a;j i|yka fõ' fya;j = " wl¾uKH ù we;s uqo,a" ^a& j¾;udk uqo,a ixrpk .,d tau uQ,H myiqlï imhk yd mßmd,k ^b& uqo,a ;ekam;=j, jHdmdr jia;= msßjeh md,kh lsÍug ^c& KHg ,nd .kakd uqo,a iy fkdyels ;rug Wmhkafka ke;' ^d& øjYS,;d foam< uqo,a njg m;a tfyhska fuys we;s wNsfhda.h kï lsÍu" ´kEjg jeä yd b;d øjYS,;d wjodku hkq wju ;;a;ajhka w;r øjYS,;dj whs;slrejka" mdßfNda.slhska iy iunr j ;nd .ekSug h' flfia fjk;a fldgialrejka úiska fj;;a" ;ekam;= ;nd .; hq;= ;ks uQ,Huh wdh;khg wh;a whf.a m%Yia; uQo,a m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍu ukdmj, iDKd;aul n,mEula muKla fkdj øjYS,;dfõ we;s l< yels iïNdjH;djhls' wjodku wvq lsÍug;a wvq,dNS fuhska ld,Sk j o" msßjeh wjodku;a w;r idOdrK M,odhs;dhka o j¾;udk f.ùï tlÕ;djhla we;s lsÍu h' ms<n s | j.lSï bgql< fkdl< fojk fldgi yels ;;a;j a hla Wod fõ' hkq my; oelafjka wruqKq bgq lsÍug wjYH mshjr .ekSu o øjYS,;d wjodkï ;jÿrg;a y÷kd .ekSu iy ksÍlaIK lsÍu msKsi øjYS,;d l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;h s la ilid th iudf,dapk lrk hdka;K % hla we;=¿ l%shdYS,S iy úia;rd;aul m%fõY f,i ye¢ kafõ'
øjYS,;d wjodkï l<ukdlrKfha fhfok mqoa.,hskaf.a j.lSï yd wdh;ksl ie,iqï ks¾jpkh lsÍu'
Yia; m%udKh ^iajfoaYh S kshduk wjYH;d ie,ls,a,g .ekSu& yd wm%udoj l%shdjg uÕmdok á%.rh ^m<uqjk f,aLKh n,kak&
• ksÍlaIK l<hq;= wjYH;d we;s øjYS,;d wkqmd;slh iy tys á%.rfha ia:dkh ^m<uqjk f,aLKh n,kak&
• øjYS,;d
l<ukdlrKfha idudkH l%ufõoh" th ksÍlaIK l< hq;af;a flfia o@ uqo,a ixprK úYaf,aIKfha § fhdod .kakd ld,iSudjla iy úia;rj, ,ehsi; a =
• ,dNodhS ;;a;j a h jHdma; lsÍu msKsi uqo,a wju lsÍu i|yd wdh;kh ,eÈhdj olajk wjodkfï uÜgu fyda wdh;khla wjodkug we;s ,eÈhdj" úfYaIfhka tu m%;s m;a;sh wju yd Wmßu uq¿ uqo,a foam,j, uÜgu yd w;,Õ ;nd.; hq;= m%udKh msysgq úh hq;= h'
• uqo,a .kqfokq $ yqjudrej wkqu; lsÍu fhdod .kakdúg fiajl msßig we;s n, iSudjka
• w;sßla; uqo,a mßyrKh flfia isÿù o@ tajd i|yd <.d lafla ldg o@ iy flfrkafka flfya wdfhdack flfia isÿùo@
úh ye;ekam;= o@ yd wdÈh
• l=uk
fyda uQ,dY%hg $ WmlrKhg ;ukau wkdjrKhg m;a lsÍfï iSudj i|yd jk l=uk fyda nexl=jla fyda WmlrKhla wdfhdack l< hq;= Wmßu m%udKfha iSudjka
l%h s dYS,s øjYS,;dj l<ukdlrKh lsÍu hkq iïnkaOj" m<uq jeks mshjr" øjYS,;dj l<ukdlrKh lsÍu iy th l d , S k j • flá ld,Sk øjYS,;d wjYH;d iudf,dapkh lrk kshud ldrj msKsi Kh myiqlï <.d ks¾jpkhl, m%;sm;a;sh i|yd lr .ekSu i|yd jk ms<s.; hq;= flgqïm;la ilialsÍuh' øjYS,;dj ldrKd fyda wjia:d l=ula o iy l<ukdlrK m% f oa Y i|yka tjeks Kh myiqlï <.d lr.; jk ,ehsia;j = yd iliaúh hq;= yelsjkafka ldgo@ hk j.' hq;=lï m%;sm;a;s my; oelafõ'
ksrdca l=ud¾ laIqø uQ,HlrK WmfoaYl - bkaoh s dj —b,lal b;d mfriaifuka is;d ne,sh hq;= foaj,ah' tajd fuu fËa;%hg wk¾:odhl ks¾udK we;sl, yelsh'˜
ksrdca" laIqø uQ,HlrKh iïnkaO iajdëkj lghq;= lrk WmfoaYljrfhl= yd mqyqKqlrefjlaofõ' mqyqK lsrSïj, MBA Wmdêodrs hl=jk Tyq" ol=Kq wdishdj .sKsfldk wdishdj iy wm%sldj jeks m<d;aj, laIqø uQ,HlrK fËa;%fha lghq;= l< ^jir 10g;a jeä& w;aoelSï nyq,yelshd Tyq i;=h' Kh fY%aK. s ; lsrSu" cd;Hdka;r klafiare yd Ys,aml%u iy moaO;s jeäoshqKq lsrSu" jHdmdr ie,iqï ilialsrSu" m¾fha IK yd mqyqKqlsrSï we;=¿ fkdfhla mejreï msKsi fuu m%foaYj,g wdikakj laIqø uQ,HlrK wdh;k(MFI) 70la i|yd meñK we;' Tyq m,mqreÿ mqyqKq lrefjls' wdishdkq ixj¾ Ok nexl= wdh;kh (ADBI)f,dal nexl=j" fgdalsfhda ixj¾Ok uOH ia:dkh (TLDC) wdoS wdh;k fuhg idlaIs or;s' laIqø uQ,H lrK l,dukd lrK i|yd fkdfhla mqyqKq fudähQ,a jeäoshqKq lr we;s w;r wdishdj yd wm%sldj yryd 1500lg;a jeä laIqø uQ,H lrK jD;a;sl hslaj mqyqKq lr we;' j¾; udkfha Tyq —m%dfoa YSh foaYljrfhl=˜ jYfhka ADNI-TDLC yd laIqø uQ,H lrK —mqyqKqlrejka mqyqKq lsrSfï mqyqKqlre ÿria:j bf.kqï mdG ud,dj˜ i|yd iïnkaOù we;' bl=;ajQ ld, fhaoS Tyq bkaoshdfõ msysgd we;s— uhsfl%da-fl%äÜ fÜ%äxia bkag¾ fkaIk,aa ˜(M-CRIL) ys iuQy wdh;kj,ska tlla jk ‘EDA Rural Systems’ ys fiajh lr we;' writeniraj@gmail.com
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Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum
Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum mqj;a ix.%yfha
isxy, yd fou< mßj¾;k imhkafka:
Tng;a iyNd.s úh yelshs
GTZ PROMIS—Promotion of the Microfinance Sector www.microfinance.lk info@microfinance.lk
tjkak Tfí woyia" mqj;a" ,sms yd fhdackd Microfinance.forum@gmail.com
fj;
cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqo, iu. iQúfYaI iïuqL idlÉPdjla ^4 jk msgqfjka&
±kaùï? úuikak microfinance.forum@gmail.com
Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s wkql%ñl wxlh( ISSN 2012-5666
SLMFF: NDTF j, wkd.; ie,iqu l=ula o@ NDTF: m%;s,dNSkg a jdKscHuh fkdjk wdOdr jHdma; lsÍu i|yd MFI j,g iqjodhS fmd<S wdka;slhla wjYH jk nj wms wjfndaO lrf.k we;' fuh yqfola idudkHfhka olsk Kh ,nd §fï fhdackd l%uhla fkdfõ' MFI wdh;k fkdfhla msßjeh yd iïnkaOj mj;S' l% shdldrlï" mqyK q q lsÍï jeks fiajdjka" m%cdj iÔù lrKh lsÍfï yd lafIa;%fha ld¾h uKav,h iÔùlrKhg m;a lsÍu
YS% ,xld laIqøuq,H lKavdhu Tjqkaf.a ia;=;sh WmfoaYl uKav, idudðlhska fj; m< lrhs( pkaÿ, wfíúl%u pß; r;aj;af;a wdpd¾h¡ ve.au¾ ¨ï ÿ,dka o is,ajd ksu,a udákia wdpd¾h¡ ksu,a *¾kEksvq kSkd kdh¾ Yls, úfÊj¾Ok Sri Lanka Microfinance Forum mqj;a ix.%yfha
wka;¾.;h iïnkaO j.lSfuka WmfoaYl uKav,h ksoyia h¡ WmfoaYl uKav,fha ld¾hNdrh ixialdrljrekag woyia yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍuhs.
fujeks ÿIalr;djhkaf.ka ñ§ug wfma Kh fkdjk wdOdr jHdma; lsÍ ug wms ie,iqï lrf.k hkjd' MFI j, yelshd j¾Okh i|yd 2010 wh jefhka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla fjka lsÍu msKsi wms l,sku a weia;fïka;= lr we;' tajdf.au m%;s,dNSkf a .a l=i,;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug;a" oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd;a wfkl=;a wdOdr jev ig yka ilia lr we;'
.ï uÜgñka fiajfha kshqla; kj y j q ,a l r e i x ú Od k 2 0 0la n|jd .ekSu ,nk jif¾ b,lalhla f,i idod f.k we;' wdOdr i|yd meflachla ilia lsÍu msKsi iQlI a u uQ,HlrK cd,h iuÕ /ia ù ï mj;a j d Tjqkaf.a woyia ,nd .ekSug wms ie,iqï lr we;' fujeks Okd;aul fjkialï iys; j Y%S ,xldfõ iQlaIu uQ,H lafIa;% fha yrj;a wdh;khla ùug wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd' kqÿre wkd.;fha fujeks jHdma; jq ie,iqï legqj fjf<|fmdf<a Yla;k s a úiska fmd<S wkqmd;slh ;SrKh fõ hehs wms wfmalI a d lrkjd'
uQ,Huh ksIm a dokh i|yd fj<|m< m¾fhaIK ^iïnkaê;hs& (6 jk msgqfjka) KmQrK f,i fhdod.ekSu lsisfia;au wjYHfõ'
úuiSï: microfinance.forum@gmail.com
jeks foa jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi ;ukaf.a Kh jevigyka" l% shdms<sfj;a yd moaO;s jHdma; lsÍu i|yd Kh fkdjk uQ,Huh fiajdjka m;=rej;s'
MFIj, .= K d;a u l l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sfha (MIS) msßjeh tlaj ;j;a idOlhla tl;= ù ;sfí' fjf<|fmd< m¾fhaIKh yd ksIamdok ;ekska ;ek fjkia jQfha kï" MIS j, ia :dk S h md ßfNda .s l ldrKhla wdh;kh lg wjYH fõ' fuhg wu;r j fidhd.;a lreKq mdol l%shdldrlï yd mßmd,k l%u o fjkia úh yel' flfia fj;;a m¾fhaIKfha fidhd.;a foaj,g wkqj fujeks moaO;s yd l%s hdjka ixfYdaOkh jQjfyd;a thska m%;sM,h jkafka ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhs fiajd iemhSu h' wjidk jYfhka" kuq;a lsisfia;au wvqjla fkdue;sj" fjf<|fmd< m¾ fhaIKfha § fufyhùï i|yd MFI j, ;dlaIKsl yelshdjkao tys m%dfhda.S lrKfha iSudjka we;s lrhs' wfkl=;a ol=Kq wdishdfõ rgj,aj,g idfmalaIj Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,Huh ksIamdok ixj¾O k h ms <s n|j m% ;S ;k h , nd we;s ;dlaIK m%ùKhka b;d iSñ;
mq oa. ,hska muKla we;a f ;ah ' Wod yrKhla jYfhka" uhsfl%dafõõ iïm;a ixÑ;h hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ m%;S; k h ,ndw e ;s f iaj d imhka kka ,ehsia;= .;lr ke;' fjf<|m< m¾fha I Kfha fujeks f oa iS u djla we;slrk w;r fuu flaIa;% ;jÿrg;a jHdma;úh hq;= wjYH;dj i|yka lrhs' Y%S ,dxflah ld¾hlaIuj yd M,odhs ;djfhka hq;=j fjf<| fmd< m¾fhaIKhla l=uk wdldrfhka fufy h úh hq ;= o@ fjf< |fm d< m¾fha I Khla ms ß ueia u ls k a hq ;= j i s ÿ ú h h q ; = k ï " M F I wdh;k .eg¿ ,ehsia;=fõ wjOdkh fhdu úh hq;= foa m%uqL;djhg m;a lr b;d jeo.;a u lreKqj, m%:ufhka wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h' fujeks meyeÈ,s wjOdkh b;d Yla ;s u ;a ks¾foaY we;slsÍug WmldÍ fõ' fuhg wu;r j fjkia wdldrfhka we;s is h¨u ixú Odk d;a ul fomd¾;fïka;= yd tys l%shdldrlï we;=¿ moaO;shla;=< iïm;a ixÑ;hka ixj¾Okh lsÍug m%dfhda.sl jYfhka fjf<| fmd< m¾fhaIKhla fhoùu b;d ld¾hlaIu Ys,aml%uhls' m%dfoaYSh
uÜgfï we;s ld¾h uKa v,fhka yelshdjka ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu uQ,ia:dk ld¾hd, uÜgfï ld¾ñl m% ùKhka f.dv ke.Sug jvd" jeä M,odhs;djhla we;s lrhs' fya;=j" fiajd iemhS u jeä Èhq K q ls Íu ms Ks i wNHka;r l%shdjla f,i l%udkql+, wka ;rhl m% f oa Y uÜgfï ld¾h uKa v,h ú iska fj f<|f md< m¾fhaIKh isÿ l< yels h' fndfydaúg" fidhd.;a foa yd ks¾foaY" fjf<|fmd< m¾fha I Kfha mj;s k moaO;sfha yd l%shd ms<sfj;aj, oeä f,i fjkila fkdf.kfoa' kuq;a iq¿ jYfhka úlsrKhka yd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍï b;d wvqu úhoñka isÿl< yels h' MIS yd mdßfNda.SlrKh fyda l%shd ms<sfj;aj, jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu jeks úhoï iys; fjf<|fmd< m¾fhaIK ks ¾foa Y hka MFI úiska l%s h d;a u l ls Í fï§ ndys r uQ , Huh wdOdro fhdod.; yels h' idudkHfhka ie,lsh hq;= wkaoñka wdfhdack we;s fjf<|fmd< m¾fha I K m% f oa Y j," iQlaIu uQ,HlrKh iïnkaOj ;dla IK jeä ÈhqKq yd ld¾h uKav,fha yels h d j¾Okh iys ; fldgiaj, ie,lsh hq;= wdfhdack o we;af;ah'