C2 Final Higher

Clevedon School

Science Department

Chemistry C2 Final Test Higher

Write all answers on lined paper.

Do not write in this booklet

10

Section B – Module C2 5

Look at the table. It shows some information about materials used for making cars. material

appearance

density in g/cm3

melting point in °C

relative strength

cost per tonne in £

aluminium

shiny grey

2.7

660

240

1350

copper

shiny red/brown

8.9

1083

220

3800

glass

colourless transparent

2.5

730

100

800

perspex

colourless transparent

1.2

160

60

1290

resin

brown transparent

1.4

decomposes when heated

50

480

steel

dull grey

7.7

1510

250

440

(a) Look at the picture of a wheel rim.

Which material is the best for making wheel rims?

Explain your answer.

wheel rim

................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© OCR 2012

11 (b) Iron reacts with oxygen, O2, to make iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. (i)

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

During this reaction iron atoms are changed into iron(III) ions.

Fe − 3e− ➝ Fe3+ What is the name of this process?

Explain your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 7]

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12 6

This question is about reversible reactions.

Ethanol, C2H6O, (alcohol) is made by reacting ethene, C2H4, with steam.

A catalyst of phosphoric acid is used. ethene + steam

ethanol

(a) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. .............................................................................................................................................. [1] (b) Look at the flow chart of the process. unreacted gases recycled

300 °C a pressure of 70 atmospheres catalyst of phosphoric acid

ethene steam

gases cooled

ethanol Look at the table. It gives some information about the percentage yield of ethanol at different temperatures and pressures. percentage yield of ethanol at a pressure of temperature

20 atmospheres

40 atmospheres

60 atmospheres

80 atmospheres

100 atmospheres

250

32%

40%

43%

46%

50%

300

30%

38%

42%

44%

45%

350

28%

34%

38%

42%

43%

400

22%

28%

33%

38%

40%

What happens to the percentage yield of ethanol as the temperature increases? .............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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13 (c) The conditions used in the process are • • •

300 °C a pressure of 70 atmospheres phosphoric acid catalyst.

These conditions do not give the highest possible yield of ethanol.

Using ideas about rate of reaction and percentage yield, suggest why these conditions are chosen. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 5]

7

Geologists study volcanoes.

Explain why it is important that geologists study volcanoes. .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 2]

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14 8

Potassium nitrate is a fertiliser.

It is made by neutralisation.

Look at the word equation for neutralisation. acid + alkali

salt + water

Fertilisers such as potassium nitrate can cause eutrophication.

Write down the names of the acid and alkali needed to make potassium nitrate and explain the problem of eutrophication caused by such fertilisers.

The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [6] [Total: 6]

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15 9

Salt is sodium chloride.

Look at the diagram. It shows the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution. gas X

chlorine

concentrated sodium chloride solution carbon cathode (negative electrode)

carbon anode (positive electrode)

–ve

+ve

(a) What is gas X? .............................................................................................................................................. [1] (b) Sodium chloride solution contains the ions Na+, OH−, H+ and Cl −.

Sodium hydroxide is made during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

Explain how. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [2] (c) Describe how salt solution can be extracted from salt deposits by solution mining. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 5]

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89

actinium

[227] Ac*

57

lanthanum

139 La*

39

yttrium

89 Y

21

scandium

45 Sc

name

104

rutherfordium

[261] Rf

72

hafnium

178 Hf

40

zirconium

91 Zr

22

titanium

48 Ti

105

106

seaborgium

[266] Sg

[262] Db

dubnium

74

tungsten

184 W

42

molybdenum

96 Mo

24

chromium

52 Cr

73

tantalum

181 Ta

41

niobium

93 Nb

23

vanadium

51 V

atomic (proton) number

relative atomic mass atomic symbol

Key

107

bohrium

[264] Bh

75

rhenium

186 Re

43

108

hassium

[277] Hs

76

osmium

190 Os

44

ruthenium

101 Ru

[98] Tc

technetium

26

iron

56 Fe

25

manganese

55 Mn cobalt

59 Co nickel

59 Ni copper

63.5 Cu zinc

65 Zn

boron

carbon

nitrogen

oxygen

16 O

6

fluorine

19 F

7

4 He

0

109

meitnerium

[268] Mt

77

iridium

192 Ir

45

rhodium

103 Rh

27

110

darmstadtium

[271] Ds

78

platinum

195 Pt

46

palladium

106 Pd

28

111

roentgenium

[272] Rg

79

gold

197 Au

47

silver

108 Ag

29

The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.

81

thallium

204 Tl

49

indium

115 In

31

gallium

tin

82

lead

207 Pb

50

119 Sn

32

germanium

73 Ge

14

silicon

28 Si

6

83

bismuth

209 Bi

51

antimony

122 Sb

33

arsenic

75 As

15

phosphorus

31 P

7

84

polonium

[209] Po

52

tellurium

128 Te

34

selenium

79 Se

16

sulfur

32 S

8

85

astatine

[210] At

53

iodine

127 I

35

bromine

80 Br

17

chlorine

35.5 Cl

9

86

radon

[222] Rn

54

xenon

131 Xe

36

krypton

84 Kr

18

argon

40 Ar

10

neon

Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but not fully authenticated

80

mercury

201 Hg

48

cadmium

112 Cd

30

70 Ga

13

aluminium

27 Al

5

20 Ne

2 14 N

5

helium

12 C

4

1 11 B

3

hydrogen

1 H

* The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58-71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90-103) have been omitted.

88

87

[226] Ra

[223] Fr

radium

56

francium

barium

137 Ba

133 Cs

55

38

caesium

strontium

88 Sr

85 Rb

37

20

rubidium

calcium

40 Ca

39 K

19

12

potassium

magnesium

24 Mg

23 Na

11

4

sodium

beryllium

3

9 Be

7 Li

lithium

2

1

The Periodic Table of the Elements

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