Clevedon School
Science Department
Chemistry C2 Final Test Higher
Write all answers on lined paper. Do not write in this booklet
10
Section B – Module C2 5
Look at the table. It shows some information about materials used for making cars. material
appearance
density in g/cm3
melting point in °C
relative strength
cost per tonne in £
aluminium
shiny grey
2.7
660
240
1350
copper
shiny red/brown
8.9
1083
220
3800
glass
colourless transparent
2.5
730
100
800
perspex
colourless transparent
1.2
160
60
1290
resin
brown transparent
1.4
decomposes when heated
50
480
steel
dull grey
7.7
1510
250
440
(a) Look at the picture of a wheel rim. Which material is the best for making wheel rims? Explain your answer.
wheel rim
................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3]
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11 (b) Iron reacts with oxygen, O2, to make iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. (i)
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii)
During this reaction iron atoms are changed into iron(III) ions. Fe − 3e− ➝ Fe3+ What is the name of this process? Explain your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 7]
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12 6
This question is about reversible reactions. Ethanol, C2H6O, (alcohol) is made by reacting ethene, C2H4, with steam. A catalyst of phosphoric acid is used. ethene + steam
ethanol
(a) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. .............................................................................................................................................. [1] (b) Look at the flow chart of the process. unreacted gases recycled
300 °C a pressure of 70 atmospheres catalyst of phosphoric acid
ethene steam
gases cooled
ethanol Look at the table. It gives some information about the percentage yield of ethanol at different temperatures and pressures. percentage yield of ethanol at a pressure of temperature
20 atmospheres
40 atmospheres
60 atmospheres
80 atmospheres
100 atmospheres
250
32%
40%
43%
46%
50%
300
30%
38%
42%
44%
45%
350
28%
34%
38%
42%
43%
400
22%
28%
33%
38%
40%
What happens to the percentage yield of ethanol as the temperature increases? .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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13 (c) The conditions used in the process are • • •
300 °C a pressure of 70 atmospheres phosphoric acid catalyst.
These conditions do not give the highest possible yield of ethanol. Using ideas about rate of reaction and percentage yield, suggest why these conditions are chosen. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 5]
7
Geologists study volcanoes.
Explain why it is important that geologists study volcanoes. .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 2]
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14 8
Potassium nitrate is a fertiliser. It is made by neutralisation. Look at the word equation for neutralisation. acid + alkali
salt + water
Fertilisers such as potassium nitrate can cause eutrophication. Write down the names of the acid and alkali needed to make potassium nitrate and explain the problem of eutrophication caused by such fertilisers. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [6] [Total: 6]
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15 9
Salt is sodium chloride. Look at the diagram. It shows the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution. gas X
chlorine
concentrated sodium chloride solution carbon cathode (negative electrode)
carbon anode (positive electrode)
–ve
+ve
(a) What is gas X? .............................................................................................................................................. [1] (b) Sodium chloride solution contains the ions Na+, OH−, H+ and Cl −. Sodium hydroxide is made during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Explain how. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [2] (c) Describe how salt solution can be extracted from salt deposits by solution mining. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 5]
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89
actinium
[227] Ac*
57
lanthanum
139 La*
39
yttrium
89 Y
21
scandium
45 Sc
name
104
rutherfordium
[261] Rf
72
hafnium
178 Hf
40
zirconium
91 Zr
22
titanium
48 Ti
105
106
seaborgium
[266] Sg
[262] Db
dubnium
74
tungsten
184 W
42
molybdenum
96 Mo
24
chromium
52 Cr
73
tantalum
181 Ta
41
niobium
93 Nb
23
vanadium
51 V
atomic (proton) number
relative atomic mass atomic symbol
Key
107
bohrium
[264] Bh
75
rhenium
186 Re
43
108
hassium
[277] Hs
76
osmium
190 Os
44
ruthenium
101 Ru
[98] Tc
technetium
26
iron
56 Fe
25
manganese
55 Mn cobalt
59 Co nickel
59 Ni copper
63.5 Cu zinc
65 Zn
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
16 O
6
fluorine
19 F
7
4 He
0
109
meitnerium
[268] Mt
77
iridium
192 Ir
45
rhodium
103 Rh
27
110
darmstadtium
[271] Ds
78
platinum
195 Pt
46
palladium
106 Pd
28
111
roentgenium
[272] Rg
79
gold
197 Au
47
silver
108 Ag
29
The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.
81
thallium
204 Tl
49
indium
115 In
31
gallium
tin
82
lead
207 Pb
50
119 Sn
32
germanium
73 Ge
14
silicon
28 Si
6
83
bismuth
209 Bi
51
antimony
122 Sb
33
arsenic
75 As
15
phosphorus
31 P
7
84
polonium
[209] Po
52
tellurium
128 Te
34
selenium
79 Se
16
sulfur
32 S
8
85
astatine
[210] At
53
iodine
127 I
35
bromine
80 Br
17
chlorine
35.5 Cl
9
86
radon
[222] Rn
54
xenon
131 Xe
36
krypton
84 Kr
18
argon
40 Ar
10
neon
Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but not fully authenticated
80
mercury
201 Hg
48
cadmium
112 Cd
30
70 Ga
13
aluminium
27 Al
5
20 Ne
2 14 N
5
helium
12 C
4
1 11 B
3
hydrogen
1 H
* The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58-71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90-103) have been omitted.
88
87
[226] Ra
[223] Fr
radium
56
francium
barium
137 Ba
133 Cs
55
38
caesium
strontium
88 Sr
85 Rb
37
20
rubidium
calcium
40 Ca
39 K
19
12
potassium
magnesium
24 Mg
23 Na
11
4
sodium
beryllium
3
9 Be
7 Li
lithium
2
1
The Periodic Table of the Elements
24