Transportation Newsletter - Spring 2013 by Smith Moore Leatherwood

SPRING 2013

Attorneys at Law

TRANSPORTATION NEWSLETTER

Inside This Issue P. 2

Does Your At-Will Employment Policy Violate the National Labor Relations Act?

P. 4

Team Updates

P. 6

Wrongful Death Changes in SC: Reallocation for Setoff and Pre-impact Fear as an Element of Survival Damages

P. 7

Two Cases Change Thoughts on SC Financial Responsibility Act

Cargo Losses: Who Must Pay? Ɛ ũƵƐƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ ŬŶŽǁƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ Đƚ͕ ϰϵ h͘^͘ ͘ Α ϭϰϳϬϲ Ğƚ ƐĞƋ͕͘ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ŐŽǀĞƌŶƐ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŵŽƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝů ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ͕ ŝŵƉŽƐĞƐ ŶĞĂƌ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽŶ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ DŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ Ă ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁĂƐ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŽǀĞ ŽŶůǇ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ǁĂƐ ƚĞŶĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ŐŽŽĚ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ǁĂƐ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƐƵīĞƌĞĚ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƌĞŐŝŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ĨŽƌĞ͕ ŽŌĞŶ ůĞĂĚƐ ƚŽ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĞǀĞŶ ǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂƌƌǇ ŝƐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ŐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞͶŽƌ ĞǀĞŶ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂů ŶĂů ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽŝŶŐͶŽĨ Ă ƚŚŝƌĚ ƉĂƌƚǇ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞƐĞ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ƌĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŽ Ě ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͍

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&ŝƌƐƚ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůůŽǁƐ Ă ͞ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕͟ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ Žƌ Ă ͞ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͟ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ĂĐƚƵĂůůǇ ŚĂƐ ĐƵƐƚŽĚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĐĐƵƌƐ͘ ϰϵ h͘^͘ ͘ Α ϭϰϳϬϲ;ďͿ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͛Ɛ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŝƐ ƌĞĂůůǇ ĂŶ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŝƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ǁŚŽ ŚĂĚ ĐƵƐƚŽĚǇ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ƉĂŝĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ ƉůƵƐ ĞǆƉĞŶƐĞƐ ŝŶĐƵƌƌĞĚ ĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐ ĂŶǇ ůĂǁƐƵŝƚ ĮůĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůǇ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂŝƌůǇ ŶĂƌƌŽǁ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘

^ŵŝƚŚ DŽŽƌĞ >ĞĂƚŚĞƌǁŽŽĚ͛Ɛ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ EĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌ ŝƐ EŽǁ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ KŶůŝŶĞ

/Ŷ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ Žƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽĞƌ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ƚƌŝĐŬŝĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘ KĨ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶǇ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ ƌĞůŝĞĨ ǀĂƌŝĞƐ ŐƌĞĂƚůǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŽ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ DĂŶǇ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ Ă ŵĞĂŶƐ ŽĨ ƐŚŝŌŝŶŐ Ă ůŽƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚǇ ǁŚŽ͕ ŝŶ ĞƋƵŝƚǇ͕ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞĂƌ ŝƚ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ŝŶ ŵĂŶǇ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ Ă ƉĂƌƚǇ ǁŚŽ ŝƐ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞůǇ Žƌ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌŝůǇ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ĐĂŶ ƐĞĞŬ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶ ĂĐƟǀĞ͕ ƉƌŝŵĂƌǇ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ͘ See, e.g., Lyons & Sons, Inc. v. N.C. State Bd. of Educ͕͘ Ϯϯϴ E͘ ͘ Ϯϰ ;ϭϵϱϯͿ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ Ă ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐŽƵůĚ ƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ Ă ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ Žƌ Ă ƚŚŝĞĨ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ

dŽ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĞĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ĞŵĂŝů ŐĞŽƌŐĞ͘ŶĞůƐŽŶΛƐŵŝƚŚŵŽŽƌĞůĂǁ͘ĐŽŵ ǁŝƚŚ ͞^ĂǀĞ Ă dƌĞĞ͟ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ůŝŶĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ǇŽƵƌ ŶĂŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďŽĚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŵĂŝů͘

dŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ũŽŝŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘

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ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ŝƐ ƚƌƵůǇ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŵĞƐŚĞƐ ǁĞůů ǁŝƚŚ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͛Ɛ ŶĞĂƌ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ůŽŽŬ ƚŽ ŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞ ŝƚ Žƌ ƐĞǀĞƌĞůǇ ůŝŵŝƚ ŝƚƐ ƐĐŽƉĞ͕ ƐĞĞ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ Vermeer Carolina’s Inc. v. Wood/Chuck Chipper Corp.͕ ϱϭϴ ^͘ ͘ϮĚ ϯϬϭ ;^͘ ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϭϵϵϵͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ĂƉƉůǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ Žƌ ŝƚƐ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂĐƚƵĂůůǇ ǁĂƐ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ďƵƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚǇ͛Ɛ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĂůƐŽ ũŽŝŶƚůǇ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ :ŽŝŶƚ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ŽŌĞŶ ƉƌŽǀĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĚŝĸĐƵůƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ Ăƚ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ƌŝŐŚƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŽŶĞ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĞǀĞƌǇ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŚĂƐ ŶŽǁ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ƐŽŵĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͘ DŽƐƚ ĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇ͕ Ă ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ hŶŝĨŽƌŵ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŵŽŶŐ :ŽŝŶƚ dŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ Đƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐ Đƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ Ă ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶũƵƌĞĚ ƉĂƌƚǇ ǁŚŽůĞ ďǇ ƉĂǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ Ă ƉƌŽ ƌĂƚĂ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ƉĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ Žƌ ŵŽƌĞ ũŽŝŶƚ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ŝŶ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ Ă ƚƌƵĐŬ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ Ă ƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ ĂƵƚŽŵŽďŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂƌĞ ďŽƚŚ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƚŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŽƵůĚ ƐĞĞŬ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŝƚ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ĨŽƌ

ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŽŵŽďŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͘ Ƶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ŝƚƐ ĚƌĂǁďĂĐŬƐ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŝůů ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ŽŶůǇ Ă ƉƌŽ ƌĂƚĂ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŝƚ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƚĞĚ Ă ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŚĂƐ ŶŽ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚ ŝŶ ƚŽƌƚ͕ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĂƐ Ă ũŽŝŶƚ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽŬĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ Đƚ͘ North American Van Lines, Inc. v. Pinkerton Security Systems., Inc., ϴϵ &͘ϯĚ ϰϱϮ ;ϳƚŚ ŝƌ͘ ϭϵϵϲͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ƚŚĞ ďĞƐƚ ŽƉƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ Ăƚ ůĞĂƐƚ Ă ƉĂƌƟĂů ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞǇ ŵĂǇ ďĞĂƌ ƐŽŵĞ ĨĂƵůƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ dŚĞ ŚĂƌƐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŽĨ EŽƌƚŚ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ sĂŶ >ŝŶĞƐ ĐĂƐĞ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ^ĞǀĞŶƚŚ ŝƌĐƵŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶǇ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĞƋƵŝƚǇ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ŝƚ͕ ĞǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ Đƚ ĂƌĞ ŝŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ͘ Holcomb v. Holcomb͕ ϳϬ E͘ ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϰϳϭ ;ϭϵϴϰͿ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇ͕ ĞǀĞŶ ƚŚĞ ^ĞǀĞŶƚŚ ŝƌĐƵŝƚ ŚĂƐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ŽĨ North American Van Lines ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƌĞŵĞĚŝĞƐ ŵĂǇ ĂƉƉůǇ ĞǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌǇ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ͘ See Sompo Japan Ins., Inc. v. Nippon Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd.͕ ϱϮϮ &͘ϯĚ ϳϳϲ ;ϳƚŚ ŝƌ͘ ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ

ŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉůĞĂĚŝŶŐ Ă ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŝŶ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͘ >ĂƐƚůǇ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ďƌŽŬĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐĂŶ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůůǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ƉĂǇ ĐĂƌŐŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ŝŶ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͛Ɛ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ƉƵƌƐƵĞ ůĞŐĂůůǇ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂů ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ǁŝůů ŽŌĞŶ ĂůůŽǁ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƐŝĚĞƐƚĞƉ ŵĂŶǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌǇ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ Žƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽďƚĂŝŶ Ă ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ͕ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌƐ ǁŚŽ ƉĂǇ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŵƵƐƚ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ Ăůů ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƚͲĨĂƵůƚ ƚŚŝƌĚ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ƐŚŝŌƐ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚǇ ǁŚŽ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞĂƌ ŝƚ͘ Ɛ ĂůǁĂǇƐ͕ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞ ŽĨ ǇŽƵƌ ůĞŐĂů ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ǁŝůů ůĞĂǀĞ ǇŽƵ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘

Does Your At-Will Employment Policy Violate the National Labor Relations Act? /Ŷ ŵŽƐƚ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ ĂďƐĞŶƚ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ǁŝůů ŽĨ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ͞ĂƚͲǁŝůů͟ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚǇ͕ Ăƚ ĂŶǇ ƟŵĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŶŽƟĐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĂŶǇ ;ůĂǁĨƵůͿ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ Žƌ ĨŽƌ ŶŽ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ Ăƚ Ăůů͘ dŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ŝƐ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŇĞǆŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ƉĂƌƚǇ͗ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƉƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƐƵŝƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ǁŚĞŶ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶŽ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŽ ũƵƐƟĨǇ ƚŚĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ͞ĨŽƌ ĐĂƵƐĞ͟ ƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ

ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ Žƌ ŵŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͘ dŽ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƵůůǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ͕ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐ ƌŽƵƟŶĞůǇ ŝƐƐƵĞ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƵŶůĞƐƐ ƚŚĞǇ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ͘ tƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƌĞĂĸƌŵŝŶŐ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ͞ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͟ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶĂů ůĂǁ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ ďǇ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ƚŽ ĂƌŐƵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŚĂŶĚďŽŽŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚͲůŝŬĞ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ůŝŵŝƟŶŐ͕ ƚŽ ŽŶĞ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ Žƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ͘

Ƶƚ ĂŶ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ůĂǁ ũƵĚŐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ Ă ƌƵůŝŶŐ ŝŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ϮϬϭϮ ŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƐŝŐŶ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ Đƚ ;͞E>Z ͟Ϳ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ŶĞǀĞƌ ƚŽ ĂĐƚ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŽŶĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͘ dŚĞ ŽīĞŶĚŝŶŐ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͗ ͞/ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĂŵĞŶĚĞĚ͕ ŵŽĚŝĮĞĚ Žƌ ĂůƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶǇ ǁĂǇ͘͟ American Red Cross Arizona Blood Services Region, ĂƐĞ ϮϴͲ ͲϮϯϰϰϯ͕ : ;^&ͿͲϬϰͲϭϮ ; >: ĚĂƚĞĚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ hŶƟů ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ ŽŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϯϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͕ ǁŚĞŶ ƚǁŽ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ǁĞƌĞ

Ϭϴϲϳϵϵ͕ ĚǀŝĐĞ DĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵ ĚĂƚĞĚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϯϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘ /Ŷ ŚŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽǀĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ǁƌŽƚĞ͗

ŝƐƐƵĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĂƌĚ͛Ɛ ĂĐƟŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ƵŶĐůĞĂƌ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞ American Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ƐŝŐŶĂůĞĚ ƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ Ă ŶĞǁ ĂƐƐĂƵůƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ďǇ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ͕ ƵŶŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͕ ŵŝƐƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ E>Z ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ͘

Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂĨĠ͕ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ Đƚ͕ ƚŚŽƵŐŚ ďŽƚŚ ǁĞƌĞ ĂĐĐƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŽǀĞƌůǇ ďƌŽĂĚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĐŚŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ͛ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ E>Z ͲƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ZŽĐŚĂ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐĂŝĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶůǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͶŶŽƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ Žƌ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌƐͶŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶǇ ƚǇƉĞ ŽĨ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽŶůǇ ŝŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ dŚĞ Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐĂŝĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŶŽ ĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ ŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ĨĂǀŽƌ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͛Ɛ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ͕ ƵŶůŝŬĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ the American Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ǁĂƐ ƉŚƌĂƐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ǁĂŝǀĞƌ ŽĨ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘

tĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĞĚ ŚĂŶĚďŽŽŬ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůǇ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ͛Ɛ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚŝƐ Žƌ ŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĨƌĂŝŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ Žƌ ƚŽ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶǇ ǁĂǇ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐŝŵƉůǇ ƉƌŽŚŝďŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƉůŽǇĞƌ͛Ɛ ŽǁŶ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ͘ /ŶĚĞĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƉůŽǇĞƌ͛Ɛ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵŽĚŝĨǇ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƵƐ ĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŵŽĚŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲ ǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ͲďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƌĂƟĮĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶǇ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůǇ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůǇ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƐĞůĞĐƚ Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞͲďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůǇ ĨŽƌ Ă ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͘

'ĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ͕ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞƐ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϴ;ĂͿ;ϭͿ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Đƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ Ă ǁŽƌŬ ƌƵůĞ Žƌ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ͞ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůǇ ƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŚŝůů ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͟ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ E>Z ƵƐĞƐ Ă ƚǁŽͲƐƚĞƉ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ Ă ǁŽƌŬ ƌƵůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶ ĞīĞĐƚ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ Ă ƌƵůĞ ŝƐ ƵŶůĂǁĨƵů ŝĨ ŝƚ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ Id. ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ŶŽŶĞƚŚĞůĞƐƐ ďĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŽ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ dŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƵƐĞĚ &ŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ĐŽŶĮƌŵ Đƚ ƵƉŽŶ Ă ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ͗ ;ϭͿ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŝƐ ĨĂŝƌůǇ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ĂƐ ŶŽ ŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ĞǆŝƐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůǇ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ŐŽ͗ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŚŝďŝƚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͖ ;ϮͿ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ǁĂƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ƵŶŝŽŶ ŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐ ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͖ Žƌ ;ϯͿ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ŝƐ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ ŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ ǁŝůů ŵĂǇ ďĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƩŽƌŶĞǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽ ůŽŶŐ Lutheran Heritage Village-Livonia, ϯϰϯ ĐĂƵƐĞ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŶŽƟĐĞ Ăƚ ĂŶǇ ĂƐ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ E>Z ϲϰϲ͕ ϲϰϲͲϰϳ ;ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ŵŽƐƚ ƟŵĞ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ Žƌ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶǇ͘ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƟŽŶĂůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ American EŽƚŚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ,ĂŶĚďŽŽŬ Žƌ ŝŶ ĂŶǇ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĂůƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶǇ Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ Ă ƐƚƌĞƚĐŚͶƚŚĂƚ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ Žƌ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ ƐŚĂůů ůŝŵŝƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞŶ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ͛Ɛ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ŶĞǀĞƌ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ EŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌ͕ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͕ Žƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ŵŝŐŚƚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂůƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽĨ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ĂŶǇ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚŝƐ Žƌ ŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉͶƵŶƟů ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŶŐ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘ ,ƵŵĂŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͛Ɛ ƚǁŽ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ĨŽƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞǀŝĞǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ͕ ĂŶǇ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĂĸƌŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ Žƌ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞǇ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂĚ ůŝŬĞ ǁĂŝǀĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ǁĂƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ Ăƚ ƌŝƐŬ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ KŶůǇ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ ŽƵďƚƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ ďǇ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚ Ă ǀŝŽůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͘ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶǇ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƵůƟŶŐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶǇ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ American Red dŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͛Ɛ ŽĸĐĞ ǁƌŽƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŶ ŽŶůǇ ŝŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ ƌŽƐƐ͕ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ SWH ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ ZŽĐŚĂ ŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĚͬďͬĂ Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂĨĠ͘ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŶŽƌ ƌĞƐƚĂƵƌĂŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌ ^ĞĞ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂƐĞ ϯϮͲ Ͳ 3

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Team Leader

Georgia | North Carolina | South Carolina

The Road Ahead • Rob Moseley will be indoctrinated (and hopefully hazed) at his first meeting of the ATRI Research Advisory Committee April 2-3rd. • April 9-11th marks the Marsh Fleet Solutions meeting in Orlando. Rob will be speaking on top issues facing truckers including company policies and preparing for litigation. • Rob is the lunch speaker for the May meeting of the Charleston Motor Carriers Association. Rob speaking over lunch -- hmm. • Rob is cleaning out his barn to allow for the reception for his daughter's wedding in May. All of his man toys must go! If he gets all his work done and meets the approval of the women in his house, he might be able to go to the TLA Annual Meeting in Napa May 1-4th and then on to the ATA Leadership meeting in Palm Desert from May 5-8th. • Rob will be in the deep south speaking at the CCJ Symposium May 20-22th. At least he won't need an interpreter there. • Kurt Rozelsky is on the boot camp trail again with trucking boot camps in Dallas (May 7th), Chicago (May 8th), Orlando (June 4th) and Atlanta (June 5th). This boot camp format came about because, as Kurt would say, when you put the boot camps on with this crowd of lawyers, you can't stay in one place too long. • Rob will attend the SCTA meeting and Board of Directors meeting at Myrtle Beach, June 6-8th. • Kurt is table break-out leader at the inaugural DRI "Defending Trucking Litigation: A Primer for Young Lawyers" on June 7th in Chicago. Kurt a mentor for young, impressionable lawyers? Who would have thought that? • Fredric will attend the Conference of Freight Counsel meeting in DC June 15-17th.

Making Tracks • Rob testified on behalf of the SC Trucking Association regarding a proposed regulation promulgated by the SC Department of Employment and Workforce relating to independent contractors. • On January 10th, Rob attended the Legislative Committee Meeting of the NC Trucking Association in Greensboro to discuss the upcoming legislative agenda in relation to independent contractors. • Rob Moseley and Fredric Marcinak attended the Conference of Freight Counsel meeting on January 13-14th in Dallas, TX. • Marc Tucker, Joseph Rohe and Rob Moseley attended the Chicago Regional Meeting of the Transportation Lawyers Association in Chicago on January 25th. • Kurt presented at the South Carolina Bar Trucking Law Conference in Columbia, SC on February 21st on "Motions in Limine in Trucking Cases." • Rob taught Transportation Contracts presented by the SMC3 Academy in Atlanta on February 26th. The next installment will be in Chicago on October 2nd. Joseph attended and said, "with enough caffeine, even transportation contracts can be exciting." • Fredric attended the Specialized Carriers and Riggers Association Symposium Feb 26th to Mar 1st in Orlando. • Kurt headlined a panel discussion entitled "Tips for Defending the Truck Driver and Safety Director" at ABA Transportation Megaconference XI in New Orleans on March 7th. Jack Riordan also attended the Conference and provided "support" to Kurt during their time in the Big Easy. • Kurt was on the boot camp trail again with trucking boot camps in Phoenix (March 13th) and Denver (March 14th). • Rob spoke to an enthused group of cargo aficionados at the TIDA cargo skills meeting in Atlanta on March 20th. • Rob spoke on the perils of the Independent Contractor relationship at the Truckload Carriers meeting on March 6th in Las Vegas. • March 25th is the SCTA Truckpac Golf Tournament in Myrtle Beach. It is a pleasurable experience if you don't have to watch Rob play. Sign up and support the industry.

Wrongful Death Changes in SC: Reallocation for Setoff and Pre-impact Fear as an Element of Survival Damages dŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ^ƵƉƌĞŵĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŶŽǀĞů ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ͞ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ͟ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŐŶŝǌĂďůĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ ƐĞƚŽī ŝŶ Rutland v. ^͘ ͘ ĞƉ͛ƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϬͲ ϭϳϴϲϬϲ ;^͘ ͘ ĮůĞĚ EŽǀ͘ ϳ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŬŝůůĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ ƐŚĞ ǁĂƐ ƉĂƌƟĂůůǇ ĞũĞĐƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƌŽůůĞĚ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ Śŝƚ Ă ƉƵĚĚůĞ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŽĂĚǁĂǇ ĂŶĚ ůŽƐƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ;͞^ Kd͟Ϳ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ĮůĞĚ Ă ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͕ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů DŽƚŽƌƐ ;͞'D͟Ϳ͘ EŽ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ǁĂƐ ĞǀĞƌ ĮůĞĚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚǇ͘ WƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ƚƌŝĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ ΨϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͛Ɛ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƩůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ 'D ĨŽƌ ΨϮϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ;ǁŝƚŚ Ψϭϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďƵƚ ƵŶĮůĞĚ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĐůĂŝŵ͕ ĂŶĚ Ψϭϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ĨŽƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚͿͶĨŽƌ Ă ƚŽƚĂů ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ΨϯϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ͘ ƚ ƚƌŝĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ũƵƌǇ ĨŽƵŶĚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ^ Kd ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĚĞĚ ΨϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŝŶ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ͘ WƵƌƐƵĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁĞůůͲ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ůĂǁ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ŶŽŶͲƐĞƩůŝŶŐ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ ŝƐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĚŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ƉĂŝĚ ďǇ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ ǁŚŽ ƐĞƩůĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ^ Kd ŵĂĚĞ Ă ŵŽƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐĞƚŽīͶĂƌŐƵŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůǇ ƌĞĂƉƉŽƌƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ Ă ƉƵƚĂƟǀĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĐůĂŝŵ ĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ͕ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ǌĞƌŽ ǀĞƌĚŝĐƚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ^ Kd͘ KŶ ĂƉƉĞĂů͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĨĂŝůĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ

ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͘ /Ŷ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞ ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŐŶŝǌĂďůĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ŽŶůǇ Ă ƌĞĐŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ĨĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ

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Parties defending wrongful death claims must preserve the right to argue that any prior settlements were misallocated toward the weaker of the two claims.

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ĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĂƐ ƉƌŽŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ŵƵƐƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĨĞůƚ ƚŚĞŵ ĂƐ ǁĞůů͘ dŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĨƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ͛Ɛ ƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇ ĂƐ ƚŽ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ͘ KĨ ŶŽƚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƚ ĂůƐŽ ƐƚĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶǇ ƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇ ĂƐ ƚŽ Ž ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ Ă ƉƵůƐĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚͶŝŶ ĂŶĚ ŽĨ Ĩ ŝƚƐĞůĨͶ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ Ğ Ɛ Ƶ Ɖ Ɖ Ž ƌ ƚ ŝ Ŷ Ő ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĨƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ǁĂƐ ĂƐ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ

ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐƐƵĞ ĨŽƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĂǇ͘ ,ĂǀŝŶŐ ĨŽƵŶĚ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŽŵĞ ĞĂƐĞ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͘ /Ŷ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƐŽ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŶŽƚĞĚ ŝƚƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ĨŽƌ ƉĞƌŵŝƫŶŐ ĚŽƵďůĞ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ Žƌ ǁŝŶĚĨĂůůƐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ŝŶũƵƌĞĚ ƉĂƌƚǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ŽƵƌƚͶĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ĚŝƐƐĞŶƚĞĚͶƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůǇ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ďĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ĂďƐĞŶƚ ƐŽŵĞ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĨƌĂƵĚ Žƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŝŶƟī͘ EŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ďĞŝŶŐ͕ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ƌĞĂĚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ƉůĂŝŶƟī ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞƐ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƉŽƌƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ Ă ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞůŝĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƐŝĚĞ͕ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĂƌŐƵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶǇ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŵŝƐĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂŬĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ĂƉƉůǇ ǁŚĞŶ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐůĂŝŵĂŶƚƐ͘ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĂƩĂĐŬƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŵĂĚĞ ŽŶ ĚŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶĂƚĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵ ĐůĂŝŵƐ͘

Two Cases Change Thoughts on SC Financial Responsibility Act tŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ĨĞǁ ŵŽŶƚŚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ŽƵƌƚ ŽĨ ƉƉĞĂůƐ ŚĂƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ƚǁŽ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ &ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ Đƚ ;͞&Z ͟Ϳ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĐůĂƌŝĨǇŝŶŐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ƚŽ ĚƌŝǀĞƌƐ ŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͘

ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ͛Ɛ ĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚ͘ /Ŷ ƐŽ ŚŽůĚŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞĚ Ă ĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ŝŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͟ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ͘͟

In Lincoln General Ins. Co. v. Progressive Northern Ins. Co., EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϭͲϭϵϲϯϰϳ ;^͘ ͘ ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ĮůĞĚ :ĂŶ͘ Ϯ͕ ϮϬϭϯͿ͕ Ă ĐĂƐĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂŶ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞǀĞƌƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ͛Ɛ ŐƌĂŶƚ ŽĨ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ĂŶ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚͶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ͶƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŽƵůĚ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ ďĞ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůǇ͕ ǁŚĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞƐ Ă ŶĂŵĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ƉƵƌƐƵĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͕ ŶŽ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝƐ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŝŶũƵƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƟĞƐͶ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘

^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚůǇ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ͞΀ƌ΁ĞĂƐŽŶĂďůĞ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟǀĞ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ĂƐ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŵŽƚŽƌ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͘͟ ^ĞĞ WĞŶŶ͘ EĂƚ͛ů DƵƚ͘ ĂƐ͘ Ins. Co. v. Parker, ϮϴϮ ^͘ ͘ ϱϰϲ͕ ϯϮϬ ^͘ ͘ϮĚ ϰϱϴ ; ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϭϵϴϰͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ͞ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͟ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ͕ ďƵƚ ŽŶůǇ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘ ŽŶǀĞƌƐĞůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŝŶ >ŝŶĐŽůŶ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů ŚĂƐ ĐůĂƌŝĮĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ͞ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ͟ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ΀^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͛Ɛ΁ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕͟ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞͶǁŚĞƌĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇ ĚƌĂŌĞĚͶ ǁŝůů ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ Ăůů ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ůŽƐƐ͘

>ŝŶĐŽůŶ 'ĞŶĞƌĂůͶŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƵŶŝŶƐƵƌĞĚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŽĐĐƵƉĂŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ƐƚƌƵĐŬ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŚŽ ǁĞƌĞ ƵŶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĂďůǇ ŶŽƚ Ăƚ ĨĂƵůƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚͶĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ŶŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐƟůů ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ;ΨϮϱ͕ϬϬϬͬΨϱϬ͕ϬϬϬͬΨϮϱ͕ϬϬϬͿ͘ ƚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŽŶůǇ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘ KŶ ĂƉƉĞĂů͕ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ &Z ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ĂƉƉůǇ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ Ăůů ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ǁŚĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ĂŶ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͘ Ɛ ŶŽƚĞĚ ĂďŽǀĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉĞůůĂƚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚ

Note: dŽ ƚĂŬĞ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ EĂŵĞĚ ƌŝǀĞƌ ǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͘ In Thalia S. ǀ͘ Progressive Select Ins. Ž͕͘ EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϭͲϭϵϱϱϰϲ ;^͘ ͘ ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ĮůĞĚ EŽǀ͘ Ϯϴ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ͕ Thalia

S.͕ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĨŽƌŵ ƚŽ ^ ͛Ɛ &Z ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ŝŶ ^ ͘ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŵƵƐƚ ĂīŽƌĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ^͘ ͘ K EE͘ Α ϱϲͲϵͲϯϱϭ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶŽŶͲƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚƐ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ďŽĚŝůǇ ŝŶũƵƌǇ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ǁŚŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ĂŶĚ ƐƵĐŚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ Ă ͞ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌǇ ůĂǁ͟ ĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝƐ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ ƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůǇ ŽǀĞƌůŽŽŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚĞĚ ĐŽĚĞ ƐĞĐƟŽŶͶĂƉƚůǇ ƟƚůĞĚ ͞ ĞƉŽƐŝƚ ŽĨ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ďǇ ŽǁŶĞƌ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͖ ƐƵƐƉĞŶƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ůŝĐĞŶƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƟĐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞŽĨ͟ͶĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ Ă ŶŽŶͲƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ ƵŶƟů ĂŶĚ ƵŶůĞƐƐ ŚĞ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ͞Ă ŵŽƚŽƌ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ^ƚĂƚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ͙ƌĞƐƵůƚ΀Ɛ΁ ŝŶ ďŽĚŝůǇ ŝŶũƵƌǇ Žƌ ĚĞĂƚŚ Žƌ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ ŽĨ ĂŶǇ ŽŶĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ƚǁŽ ŚƵŶĚƌĞĚ ĚŽůůĂƌƐ Žƌ ŵŽƌĞ͘͟ Ɛ ƐƵĐŚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ϱϲͲϵͲϯϱϭ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ Ă ͞ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌǇ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ Žƌ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ůĂǁ͟ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚͲŽĨͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐ ŽŶůǇ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ǀĞŶƵĞ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌǇ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ůĂǁ͕ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ǁĂƐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ Ă ŵĂƩĞƌ ŽĨ ůĂǁ͘

Transportation Industry Team tĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ďŽƚŚ ůĂƌŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŵĂůů ƚƌƵĐŬŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ĂƐ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ ŽŶ ďĞŚĂůĨ ŽĨ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƐ ƐĞůĨͲŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ Įƌŵ ŚĂƐ ƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŶǇ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂƐ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů ŽƵŶƐĞů ĨŽƌ Ă ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞĚ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ŝŶ Ăůů ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ůĂǁ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĞƌ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ;/ Ϳ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽƌ ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĂƌĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ WƵďůŝĐ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƌƌĂǇ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ Įƌŵ ĐůŝĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶ ĂŌĞƌͲŚŽƵƌƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŝƐ ƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ďǇ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĐůŝĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƵƌŐĞŶƚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ Ă ĐĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͘

Georgia | North Carolina | South Carolina Smith Moore Leatherwood LLP | Attorneys at Law | www.smithmoorelaw.com

Smith Moore Leatherwood LLP ƩŽƌŶĞǇƐ Ăƚ >Ăǁ dŚĞ >ĞĂƚŚĞƌǁŽŽĚ WůĂǌĂ ϯϬϬ ĂƐƚ DĐ ĞĞ ǀĞŶƵĞ͕ ^ƵŝƚĞ ϱϬϬ 'ƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĞ͕ ^ ϮϵϲϬϭ

d͗ ;ϴϲϰͿ ϮϰϮͲϲϰϰϬ &͗ ;ϴϲϰͿ ϮϰϬͲϮϰϳϰ ǁǁǁ͘ƐŵŝƚŚŵŽŽƌĞůĂǁ͘ĐŽŵ