Transit Oriented Development at Bandra - Undergrad architectural thesis

Transit Oriented Development,

at Bandra.

- sneha mahajan

“ A developed country isn’t a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the rich use public transportation.”

- Gustavo Petro

Mumbai -

Mumbai is 5th densely populated city in the world; having population density of 32,303 people per sqkm.

With higher population density comes the need for more extensive public transport around the city.

And one of the many problems about our public transport is the area planning around these transit stations.

Transit Oriented Development TOD, or transit-oriented development, means integrated urban places designed to bring people, activities, buildings, and public space together, with easy walking and cycling connection between them and near-excellent transit service to the rest of the city. It means inclusive access for all to local and citywide opportunities and resources by the most efficient and healthful combination of mobility modes, at the lowest financial and environmental cost. Inclusive TOD is a necessary foundation for long-term sustainability, equity, shared prosperity, and civil peace in cities.

Transit Oriented Development

Encourages Non Motorised Modes and Public Transport

Reduces need of motorised private transport

TOD Principles

Advantages • Reduce dependence on driving • Allow residents to live, work and play in the same area.

• Reduce the area’s carbon footprint and negative impact on the environment • Stimulate the local economy • Provide access to better entertainment or recreational services • Provide access to better jobs • Revitalise Urban areas.

• Planned and non-crowded movement of people around the station • Increased foot traffic and customers for area businesses

Variants of TOD

Aim To design a transit supportive framework between existing Railway station and upcoming Metro station by integrating high density mixed land use and modal interchange within walkable distance of each other.

Objective • To integrate compact, high raised mixed land use development and multi modal interchange with railway and metro.

• To propose a connection between Railway and Metro and proposed project through Skywalk.

• To design streets safe for pedestrian and bicycle travel around the station area.

Limitations TOD Typologies, (ITDP, 2017)

• Although TOD consists of planning of Residential zone too, due to academic restrictions, I’ve not designed that component.

Source – Times of India https://timesofindia.indiatimes.co m/city/mumbai Using this information, this land is proposed to be developed into a Bandra East Station Plaza.

Bandra – Site Analysis

•

The site is located in Bandra east within 500m radius from the Bandra Railway and Metro(upcoming)Station.

•

This is adjoining BKC (Bandra Kurla Complex) which is the most premium office location in Mumbai.

•

The site in under RLDA and follows the rules of Mumbai DCR.

•

Site Area – 37,227 m2

Metro

Bandra – Site Analysis

Figure Ground

Noise Map

Vegetation cover

Site Contours Key Distances 8 km

5 km

1.2 km

Services on Site International Airport Domestic Airport Bandra Junction

2 km

2 km

Bandra-Worli Sea link

•

BKC

• 0.15 km

Bandra Suburban Railway Station

The site is surrounded by a open water drain on three of its sides which connects to the mithi river below.

Water pipelines are laid on two sides of the site as shown in the figure.

Land Use = Commercial FSI NonCRZ 84% 4 FSI

CRZ

16% 2 FSI

• The site is fairly levelled and rectangular in shape.

Site Photographs

View of the site from the main road entry

View from the skywalk of the drain

View of the private road

View of the drain

Design Brief -

The Connection

Skywalk connecting Metro, Railway, the Centre.

Pedestrian Zone Vehicular Zone

Bus Drop Off Rickshaw Drop Off

Cycle track The Road

Lighting Street Furniture

TOD

The Commercial Centre Site area- 37,227 m2 Builtup area-1,17,282 m2

Services

Treat the open drain

Parking

AHU rooms

Restaurants

AC Chiller Plant

Book Stores

Sewage treatment plant

Administrative area

Exhibition centre

Substation

Smoking area

Art Gallery

DG set room

Green Leisure Spaces

Day care centre

Water tanks (UGT,OHT)

Informal Desk Spaces

Gym

Fire Exits

Quiet rooms

Indoor Play area

Lockers

Archade

Cafeteria

Multiplex 6950

Special Communal Areas

Food Court 7000

Flea market area

Private Offices

Shopping centre 17,550

Seating Spaces

Meeting Rooms

Recreational Ground 9,310

Amphitheatre

Coworking Spaces

Offices 1,05,492 m2

Design Development and Concept Horizontal Zoning •

Architecture + Urbanism

•

People Centric Design

•

A Site specific design

•

Climate responsive – Low

The shopping centre So that its more connected the local people around and the transit

Form The height on southern side helping most of the structure to be in shadow

Office Giving them the view and height and away from the crowd

energy use

Concept – R I V E R – Connectivity

South

• River is one of the nature’s way of transporting.

Bandra Character

• An important characteristic of River i.e. Connectivity is used in the design.

•

• Connectivity between different spaces within and around.

•

• The form is inspired from the way a river flows down a mountain.

Vertical Zoning

All the railings used in structure resemble the old Bandra houses, The sloping roof shape is incorporated in the skywalk connecting the old Bandra station and the new development showing a transition.

Offices Recreational Multiplex , Food court Urban Haat

Shopping centre

Parking

Design Development

. Connectivity for ALL (Inclusive design)

Connectivity through Ramps

Ramp Connecting level 0 to level 1

A community space ramp wrapping the structure from Ground level to level 3.

Ramp Connecting level 1 to level 2

Climate Analysis

• The site is located in Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

• It falls under Hot and Humid region.

• The mean average is 27.2 °C and average precipitation is 242.2 cm

Sun-Path Diagram From the sun-path we can understand that the region experiences hot climate most of the year and maximum heat the southern side.

Climate responsive design (Solar) The building is oriented in such a way that south faรงade keeps the front portion is shade.

The South faรงade receiving the most solar radiation.

Resulting in the this part in shade.

Climate responsive design (Wind) The top region is designed to be non-air conditioned. It’s the open recreational ground area and open markets. Hence, adequate wind is achieved in the region.

Achieving wind flow through the green terraces in between two offices towers.

Shadow Analysis

January

September

March

November

May

Daylight Analysis

Design • Main TOD Centre- Plans

- sneha mahajan

Site View

Vehicular entry to the centre Skywalk entry/exit to/from the centre Exit ways from Station Pedestrian entry to the centre

Site Plan

Bandra East Bus Terminus Residential slums

Railway Station

Station Plaza Commercial zone

Skywalk

TOD Center

Metro Station

Existing Site plan

Mithi River

Proposed Site plan

TOD centre view

Basement Plan

Ground Floor Plan

Urban Bazaar

Peripheral recreational space besides treated Stormwater drain

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Direct connection between ground and second floor which further connect to Skywalk

Direct connection between ground and second floor which further connect to Skywalk

Direct connection between ground and second floor which further connect to Skywalk

Third Floor

Fourth Floor – Offices Canteen

Office Lobby Space with Semi-Open Garden

5th Floor – Offices canteen

OFFICE TYPOLOGIES Co-working office spaces • Ideal from Small companies and Startups

6th Floor - Offices

Work area Informal areas Conference Rooms

Open Floor plan office spaces • Ideal from big companies

Special Communal spaces

Office Lobby Space with Semi-Open Garden

7th floor

8th floor

9th floor

10th floor

Office Space

11th floor

12th floor

13th floor

14th floor

Office Space

15th floor

16th floor

Offices View

Walkthrough

Design • TOD Centre- Sections & Elevations

- sneha mahajan

Central Atrium

Section AA’

Shopping centre Parking Multiplex Offices

Green Roof

Offices Elevation

Section BB’

Food Court Parking Multiplex Offices

Green Terraces Lift

View from Recreational Ground

Section CC’

Shopping centre Parking Recreational Activities

View from Green terrace

Section DD’

Shopping centre Parking Food Court Offices

Recreational Activities

View of Central Atrium

View of Green Roof

Elevations

West Elevation

South Elevation

East Elevation

North Elevation

North Side Elevation

South side elevation

West side Elevation

East side Elevation

Design • Street design • Skywalk • Construction Details

- sneha mahajan

Street Plan Rickshaw Stand

Bus Stop

Typology 1

Bandra East Station Plaza

Typology 2

Garden

Street sectional view – Typology 1 - Central two way street – 39m wide

1.5m Pedestrian zone

2m Buffer/ Street furniture

4m Cycle track

4.6m Bus-stop zone

3.4m Bus Parking

15.5m ( 3.75m one lane) Road/Crossing

7m Rickshaw zone

1.5m Buffer

2.5m Pedestrian zone

2.5m Pedestrian zone

1.5m Buffer/ Street furniture

3m Cycle Track

1m Buffer

3.75m Road

3.75m Road

1.5m Buffer

2.5m Pedestrian

Street sectional view- Typology 2- Central two way street- 20m

3m Pedestrian zone

9m Vehicular/Cycle road

3m

Street sectional view- Typology 3- Commercial shared street – 15m

Skywalk Plan

Bandra Railway Station

1m

8m

Bandra Metro Station

TOD Center

4.8m

6.8m

Skywalk detail

5.2m

Timber Post section

9m

8m

Skywalk

Methods Used In Building To Cool The Structure 1. VEGETATIVE COOLING • Trees and vegetation shade buildings and surfaces, while water evaporating through their leaves lowers nearby air temperatures.

• Shaded walls and surfaces may be 11–25°C (20– 45°F) cooler than unshaded surfaces. Temperatures under a canopy of shade trees may be reduced 1– 5°C (2–9°F) compared to open terrain, and 11–17°C (20–30°F) compared to parking lots.

(The central region is designed to keep it green and allow wind flow through it.

Alternative terraces for each office floor as a recreational semi-open space.)

(On this southern façade, deep projection made into green terraces.) (terrace pockets and a green border is designed to allow the creepers to grow and shade the façade.

Terrace garden on northern side on every alternate floor.

Methods Used In Building To Cool The Structure 2. SHADING DEVICES • Intercepting sunlight before it reaches the walls and glazing of a building dramatically reduces the amount of heat entering that building.

• External shading devices can reduce solar heat gain through glazing by up to 80%. By designing shading devices according to the sun’s seasonal path, both summer shading and winter solar gain can be achieved in climates with seasonal variations.

Horizontal vegetative overhangs on the southern façade, far spaced vertical fins are for aesthetic appeal.

Vertical close spaced fins on eastern and western façade for solar protection

Methods Used In Building To Cool The Structure 3. GREEN ROOF • Reduced energy use: Green roofs remove heat from the air through the process of evapotranspiration, and also act as insulators for buildings, reducing the energy needed to provide cooling and heating

Envelope Detail

Green Roof Details

Atrium Long span Roof The Roof is mostly Flat with some slope to allow to the rain water to flow.

The roof is centrally supported by a 2m dia concrete Column.

The roof span ranges from 25 to 35.

Silicone-pointed glazing - This provides an uninterrupted surface between Aluminium rafters and makes rainwater runs off more quickly and takes dirt with it.

• Joints between the steel grid shell elements are welded, making use of parting plates to assist with fabrication tolerances, as can be seen in the photograph.

• • • •

Cross section detail Roof Plan

Waffle slab

It is a RCC construction and a combination of normal beam(smaller span) and waffle slabs(longer span up to 24m) are used.

The design guide lines are considered according to the image on top.

And shown below is one of the sections of the structure to show a typical waffle slab.

FSI Calculations Area

Built-up (m2)

Level 1 - Retail

13,300

Level 2 - Retail

6200

Level 3 – Multiplex + Food court

13,365

Level 4 – food court + Indoor games

960+1670

Site Area

37,227 m2

Level 5 – gym/day care + Office

1667+6776

Non CRZ area

70% that has FSI of 4 = 1,04,235

Level 6 – Art Gallery + Office

1340+6513

Level 7 – Exhibition Centre + Office

1371+6446

CRZ area

30% that has FSI of 2 = 22,336

Level 8 – Book store + Office

1116+6438

Total Built-up allowed

1,26,571 m2

Level 9 – Restaurant + Office

1091+6261

Total Built-up provided

1,17,282 m2

Level 10 – Restaurant + Office

750+5992

Provided Recreational Open Ground

9,310 m2

Level 11– Office

5506

Level 12– Office

5895

Level 13– Office

6781

Level 14– Office

6164

Level 15– Office

5974

Level 16– Office

5703

Total provided Built-up

1,17,282

Occupancy

Toilet requirement

Water requirement

Area

Rule

Number

Area

Male

urinal

Female

Area

(Domestic)

(Flushing)

Retail Ground Floor

3m2 per person

4400

Retail Ground Floor

7

12

16

Retail Ground Floor

34,710

69420

Retail First Floor

6m2 per person

1033

Retail First Floor

12

24

24

Multiplex

625

1250

Multiplex

Per seat

690

Multiplex

2

10

6

Food Court

5000

2000

Food Court

Per seat

1,268

Food Court

13

20

24

Recreational Block

10, 000

20,000

Recreational Block

---

1222

Recreational Block

14

30

24

Offices

2,53,750

1,91,000

Offices

10m2 per person

7,445

Offices(per floor)

8

12

12

Total

3,03,525

2,83,670

Water Tank size UGT (2x15x10)m-domestic, ( 2x14x10)m- flushing,(2x15x10)m Firefighting tank

OHT (50%) – ( 1.5x10x10) domestic, (1.5x10x9.3) flushing, (1.5x4.5x7.3)m Firefighting tank

Air Conditioning

Solar Panels

• A centralised water cooled system is used in the structure. As it’s at massive scale and water recovered from STP and rainwater can be used for the cooling towers.

Electricity requirement 10 watts per sq ft = 1474570 sq ft x 10 = 14745.7 KW

• Total area to be air conditioned = 80% of BUA = 1,09,593 m2.= 1179649.23 sq ft.

100% backup required.

• Cooling load = 1179650/150= 7864 TR + additional Standby TR = 8000TR

Per year consumption= 861,14,888 Kwh

• Chiller Plant configuration ➢ Retail – 2045TR –1000TR x 2 nos.

•

➢ Multiplex – 200TR- 1 no.

Using Revit software following data for the design is found assuming the highlighted terrace will be used for solar panel installation.

➢ Offices – 5800 TR = 850TR x 7 nos. ➢Size of one centrifugal chiller - 3x12m • Water requirement for the cooling tower – 6lt/hr/day x 16 hours x 8000TR = 7,68,000 lt per day. (this water will be used from the water recovered from STP.

STP and Rain Water Harvesting • STP calculations • 80% of the water consumed can be used by STP = 4,69,756 lt • Another 80% of the water that goes into STP is recovered for final use = 3,75,805 lt • 3,75,804 lt = 375 m3. This would need 400 m3 of STP area.

•Rainwater harvesting •Rainfall- 2353mm •Approx Roof area – 19000 m2 •Harvested Water- 4,47,07,000 lt.

• Size of STP= 3x 13x 10m