Pikitu Wellbeing - Papakainga Design

PIKITŪ WELLBEING PAPAKĀINGA DESIGN

S O F I A F O URMA N UNI T E C

S T UDI O 6 2 2 5 B A CHE LO R O F L A N D S C A P E A R C H I T E C T U R E

K o TA I N U I t e w aka , K o WA I K ATO t e a w a, K o W H A R E P U H U N GA te mau n g a , K o R AU K AWA te i w i K o PI K I T U t e ma rae te ka i ng a -tutur u, K o N G AT I H U R I te h a p u

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CONTENTS VISION FOR PIKITU

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CONTEXT

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CHARACTER OF SITE

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LANDFORM

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LAND USE CAPABILITIES

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DRAINAGE PATTERNS

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LANDCOVER

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WIDER LANDSCAPE CONNECTIONS

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SUSTAINABILITY AND CO-HOUSING

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MANGATAWA PAPAKAINGA

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EARTH-SONG ECO VILLAGE, SWANSON

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DELHI VILLAGE, WHANGANUI

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STRATEGY

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DESIGN RATIONALE

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MASTERPLAN

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CIRCULATION PLAN

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PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND COMMUNAL PLAN

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STRUCTURE PLANTING PLAN

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ON SITE WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

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HOUSING PLAN

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PERSPECTIVES

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SECTIONAL ELEVATIONS

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REFERENCES

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VISION FOR PIKIT的 At the forefront of the vision for the Pikitu Marae Papakainga development is the concept of orangatanga that promotes the health and well-being of the community. Not limited to personal health, orangatanga also encompasses care for the land. As such, the design must address the health of the people, land and Marae in a cohesive and integrated manner. Through considerate design, the notion of mauritanga will encourage the life force of the Marae to develop and flourish while resources offered by the land will be managed sustainably for future generations and enhanced where possible. Cultural resilience allows the Whanau at Pikitu Marae to move into the future without forgetting the history and legacy of their ancestors.

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CONTEXT Pikit큰 Marae is situated in Waotu block in the central North Island region of Waikato. It is located in the rural landscape away from main town centers of Tokoroa and Potaruru. West of the Marae is Lake Arapuni at the banks of which many sites of previous Maori habitation have been discovered.

Pikit큰 Marae is the centre of the universe for Ngati Huri; the central core around which all community life and interaction spans. It is their ancestral home and storehouse of memories both past, present and future.

Archaeological sites of significance

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CHARACTER OF SITE Pikit큰 Marae is situated within a rural, rolling, agricultural landscape characterised by cultivated farmland and dairy pasture. This highly modified landscape of hills, mountains and valleys is sparsely populated by humans, intersected by streams fed by the Waikato River, and peppered with remnants of native forest.

Among the rolling slopes, eroded sections of landscape either man made to give way to roads or ones that lack the reinforcing structure of tree roots juxtapose the rolling landform.

The site is culturally, ecologically, socially and agriculturally important to Ngati Huri. It is their traditional land which their ancestors used to inhabit, so unmodified remnants of forest are traces of their cultural history before the landscape was widely cleared for forestry and farming.

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8

Scale 1:5000

LANDFORM Pikit큰 Marae 20 degrees and above 15-20 degrees 15 degrees and below Roads

The Marae sits on the elevation of 255m on a natural highpoint, overlooking the surrounding landscape. At the north, east and south of the Marae the landform slopes gently which is a suitable slope for development and for pedestrian and vehicular travel. The western slope from the Marae is steep towards the stream providing opportunities for re-vegetation to stabilise slopes and filtrate surface runoff passing through it.

Above 15 degrees is unsuitable for comfortable and accessible pedestrian movement and requires extensive landscaping if it is to be used for building sites, therefore these areas were discounted from development.

All slopes above 20 degrees are set aside for planting to prevent erosion at these slopes. This slope is not suitable for people, animals or vehicles.

Streams

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Scale 1:5000

LAND USE CAPABILITIES Pikit큰 Marae

Land Use Capability is an analysis of the soil. The classes inform what the land is suitable for and whether it is susceptible to erosion.

4e4 4e4 + 6s1

e- erosion susceptibility, deposition or the effects of past erosion damage first limits production.

6e5

s- soil physical or chemical properties in the rooting zone such as shallowness, stoniness, low moisture holding capacity, low fertility (which is difficult to correct), salinity, or toxicity first limits production.

6s1

4- Land with moderate limitations for arable use, but suitable for occasional cropping, pasture or forestry.

6- Non-arable land with moderate limitations for use under perennial vegetation such as pasture or forest.

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Scale 1:5000

DRAINAGE PATTERNS Pikit큰 Marae

The site is located within the Waipa Catchment that is part of the broader Waikato Catchment area.

Major overland flow path

This drainage analysis indicates the depressions in the land where water accumulates; the destinations for overland water flows.

Minor overland flow path Impervious surfaces Permeable land Contours

The highest rate of flow is at the stream (major overland flow path, flow accumulation 500+), the light blue (minor overland flow path, flow accumulation 100-500) denotes where overland water flows to.

These flow paths help identify where riparian planting would be necessary. Furthermore the flow accumulation analysis advises where to avoid development to prevent house flooding thus opening opportunities for planting in these areas. Contamination carried by overland flows from the agricultural landscape can affect these low elevation areas so no edible crops should be planted in these parts of the landscape.

Stream

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Scale 1:5000

LANDCOVE R Pikit큰 Marae Indigenous forest Hardwoods Exotic and harvested forest Riparian planting

Patches of various vegetation cover the land around Pikitu Marae including indigenous forest, exotic forest, riparian planting, shelterbelts and scattered trees.

Where possible a riparian buffer of 100m should be planted bordering each side of the steam to create ecological corridors. These form connected habitats for avi-fauna that is vital in this fragmented landscape to achieve fauna abundance at the Papakainga development site. Scattered trees also serve as feeding spots for native birds.

Riparian planting is essential for stream health as it improves the quality of the stream through cooling, shading and filtering run off that travels to the stream. This is particularly important in an agricultural landscape as the runoff holds many stream pollutants such as manure, pesticides and fertilizers.

Other vegetation Vegetation remnant from 1996 Stream Proposed re-vegetation

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Scale 1:5000

WIDER LANDSCAPE CONNECTIONS The Pikitu Marae sits within a culturally and archaeologically rich landscape that was widely populated by Maori in the past. Evidence of this was discovered through remnants of previous Pa sites, particularly on the banks of Lake Arapuni which was used as a food source and means of transport by the local people.

Cave art and burial grounds are also recorded in the area.

The east direction is culturally significant to Ngati Huri. This is where the entrance to the site is located and where Ngati Huri want their Papakainga development to be located. There are some obstructions to this view and site constraints that must be addressed.

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SUSTAINABLITY AND CO-HOUSING COVENANT NORTHBROOK

VILLAGE

OF

• Community center and communal buildings at entrance of the site.

• Productive village; produce their own organic food including fruit, veges, herbs and berries. Diversity of crops.

• Shared housing.

• Chickens, ducks, rabbits, goats and honeybees for eggs, manure (which is used on the garden), milk and honey.

• Compact but scattered design.

• Angles of buildings create interesting outdoor spaces or pockets that are private.

• Separate roads for housing and community buildings although these are connected via path network for pedestrians.

• Composting food, garden and green waste as well as “brown” waste (cardboard etc).

• Reduction of “food miles” due to growing their own food, eating and purchasing locally and seasonally.

• Line drying clothing.

• Edible forest.

• All open land used to grow crops not grass.

Covenant Village of Northbrook CREEKSIDE COMMONS • Community area at center of the site with houses extending from it.

• All areas are accessible through a network of paths.

• Wetland and riparian vegetation.

• Car free village.

• Nature integrated into the design.

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URBAN HOMESTEAD, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

• Collect rainwater for use in the garden and around home.

• Solar panels for energy.

• Grey-water reused in the landscape.

MANGATAWA PAPAKAINGA

• Built in the cultural landscape of traditional Maori land, in close proximity of the Marae.

• Community facilities and sports field.

• Access to high amenity views. Development has minimal impact on existing view-lines.

• Pedestrian links to wider existing green spaces and public areas.

• Gateway entrance.

• Spine road leading directly to the Marae.

• Co-housing and stand-alone detached housing variations.

• Community network; sense of community and social engagement achieved through spaces left aside for playing, living, learning, and celebrating.

• Passive and active recreation opportunities: for example community gardens and the tamariki play space.

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Earthsong Eco-Neighbourhood

Site Design

EARTHSON G ECO-VILLAGE, SWANSON

• Parks, gardens, pond, orchard, rainwater tanks, clustered homes to facilitate community.

At Earthsong, living space for people takes precedence over the needs of cars.

• Car free design to ensure resident safety within village.

• “Training ground for like-minded individuals who come for eco-living courses or ideally both.”

A variety of house sizes: 2‐3 bedroom terrace houses

Pedestrian paths & swales

Rainwater tanks

1‐2 bedroom apartments including mobility access units

Orchard & pond

• Eco-friendly or natural materials were used in the building of the homes and around the garden.

Future development lot for workplaces

• Houses orientated towards the sun.

• Social systems reinforce ideas and the way of living; communal encouragement of living in a sustainable way.

• Village includes small gathering nodes with a large community center that holds the common house and common green open space.

Native bush & Permeable Orchard and meadow Orchard and paving

• Residents are always practicing sustainable management principles in day to day lives.

Orchard and pond

• Paths throughout the village serve as links and play spaces to encourage community interaction between residents.

• Each house has a private garden space at the back of it.

DIY workshop One driveable path for heavy deliveries and Carparks & emergencies carports

‘Common house’ (amenities building)

• “Education and public awareness of sustainability by demonstrating and promoting innovative community design.”

Cars are parked at the edge of the site leaving the rest of the neighbourhood safe and peaceful, and freeing up space for living and growing areas.

A network of pedestrian paths link houses and double as a place for neighbours to chat and children to play safely. All paths have gentle gradients to allow full accessibility for all.

Secondary paths lead to clusters of houses and gathering nodes, giving a sense of belonging and identity within the larger neighbourhood.

Each house has a community side with entrance and kitchen overlooking the path and shared common space, and a more private side opening onto an individual garden area, so that residents

(above) Earthsong houses and open space

Earthsong Eco Neighbourhood

• Communal gardens, orchard, gathering places are shared by the residents and are maintained and used by everyone; they belong to everyone.

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Swanson Road entrance

gathering places, orchard and shared facilities are used and loved by all residents.

At the heart of the neighbourhood is the common house and common green, providing space and facilities for planned and informal activities for all residents.

Water systems, houses and garden areas all embody permaculture principles of sustainable living by design based on nature’s systems.

Located directly adjacent to the commercial and community centre of Ranui, residents can walk to shops, medical centre, library, schools, train and buses.

drains

DELHI VILLAGE, WHANGANUI

22,006

20,801

line of stum ps

LOT 1 803m 2

125

36,511

22,009

15,709

LOT 2 806m 2

125

125

0

,35

common area

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LOT 3 791m2

new walking track

(below) Surrounding landscape and development

existing shed 22,9

relocated shed on new foundations

00

23,7

25,000

LOT 4 814m2

120

50

carport shed

22,8

00

35,5

88

barn

power pole

FM EO

0 6,15

LOT 5 815m2

LIN

re-used existing milk shed - 4 No. covered carparks

existing barn to be demolished

15,8

existing shed to be relocated

• Integrated grey-water system and bore water.

bridge

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• Surrounded by rolling rural landscape.

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• Subdivided rural land.

120

34,2

• Co-housing arrangement.

3,970

17,824

37,511

• Environmentally friendly community.

S PA AR OC

R AC

macrocarpas to be taken down

• Houses clustered together. The remaining land used for orchards, gardens, growing trees for firewood, grazing sheep and chickens.

planting - to be determined

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14,7

existing loop power pole

visitor park

new part of drive to elm ridge - 4m wide

79

24,8

common area

22,002

negotable site boundary existing chook house to be demolished

existing concrete pad to be demolished

ORCHARD

18,289

outdoor area

14,301 6,966

shed

new entrance feature/ hard surfaced area

LOT 7 760m2 120 house

• Low density housing.

LOT 6 1,160m2

chook house

LOT 8 758m2

existing pool

concrete pad

LOT 9 809m2

power pole

existing pool relocate to new common area

power pole

• Communal swimming pool and open community space.

existing fence line to be adjusted

ELM RIDGE 120

pump shed + tank

widen existing drive to 5.5m overall width existing drive to be re-used

power pole

existing trees 5,923

449

5,473

power pole

• Staged development.

38,303

• Steep land re-clad in native forest.

power pole bore

culvert

• Variations in house designs.

concrete pad

water cha

nnel

• As the houses are being built, the orchard and other landscaping work is being done to prepare the site.

power pole 115

E

NU

VE IA

HL

DE

N

LOT 10 893m2

LOT1 DP 87569 66 DEHLI AVENUE 12.8910ha

Site - Stage 1 Notes:

1:500

Client:

Project No.:

Project:

Date:

Drawing Title:

Whanganui Co-Housing Project

Revised Site Plan - Stage 1

Delhi Avenue

Wanganui

W100

9/12/11

Drawing No.:

Scale: Rev.:

CD 0.3

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(above) Stage 1 plan for Delhi Village

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as shown on A2

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STRATEGY

Pikitu Marae and the associated communal buildings and spaces are to be combined together to create a communal hub or area where all residents will go to interact. This area must be accessible and in short walking distance from the homes. Commercial ventures are to be set separately from the Papakainga development however still within a short walking or driving distance for convenience and to reduce “work miles�.

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DESIGN RATIONALE • To propose a sustainable development that attempts to create a balance between communal, cultural, environmental and economic goals of Ngati Huri by integrating them into a community orientated system.

• Create a community hub that contains all community based activities and services that acts as the destination for the residents and encourages social interaction.

• The design of the units and homesteads must facilitate communal living through shared outdoor space but include private areas for the comfort of residents.

• The health of the ecosystem including streams and existing patches of vegetation should be maintained and where possible enhanced to increase the fauna and flora diversity in the area. This can be achieved through active riparian planting, food gardens and green stormwater filtration all of which create habitats for both native and exotic birds and insects.

• Areas that are unsuitable for development due to slope or water accumulation is to be excluded from development of buildings. These areas may be planted to stabilise slopes and to soak up water.

• Commercial proposals must be away from the living space of the Papakainga but still accessible by foot. This area must be public, thus not requiring a formal welcome for all visitors that come into public space daily. Furthermore the separation of working and living space means that the Pikitu community space will be regarded “home” not “work” which will contribute to positive use of the space by residents.

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Scale 1:2000

MASTERPLAN Riparian planting Shelterbelt and medicinal forest

NOTES 1. Welcoming grounds, open space for gatherings or events.

2. Nursery shop: Outside Papakainga, accessible to residents.

Flax weaving gardens

3. Community space, star gazing, tamariki play space.

Rainwater filtration gardens

4. Education space: L-shape design to create an outdoor learning space. Situated close to the Marae, riparian forest and the gardens so these can be easily integrated into the education of the students.

Kumara mounds

5. Healthcare: Close to resident parking.

Communal food gardens

6. Mix-use community building: Can be used as a community gathering place when the Marae is in use.

Orchard Nursery Cemetery

7.Re-vegetated steep slopes to prevent erosion of these areas.

8. Wharemoi: Retain its current use for visitors.

9. Wharekai: Retain current use.

10. Covered waste/compost/recycling area.

STAGE 1 1. Riparian planting

Open space Parking Vehicle access Pedestrian access

2. Rain garden installation 3. Grey and black water systems

The design focuses on encouraging communal, sustainable and traditional living practices through a central community hub radiating from the Pikit큰 Marae. The Marae becomes the destination and the resident; watching over social interactions, learning, living, entertaining and playing.

This community hub includes Pikit큰 Marae, Wharemoi, Wharekai, education buildings, mix-use building, healthcare clinic, communal gardens, kumara mounds, orchard, weaving and medicinal gardens, cemetery, as well as an open communal outdoor space.

The main axial road and adjoining green space extending towards the Marae serves as an open community place and provides a visual link to the culturally significant eastern view from the Marae.

As the visitor or resident travels up the main road up to the Marae, they are greeted with the view of the Marae.

The road stops before the Marae at a carpark from which a formal welcoming can commence if required.

Residents can travel up the main road that breaks off to shared driveways that lead up to the individual units and homesteads. They may park their car closer to the community hub in the resident parking or park it at their property.

There is a path network that links all homes to the community space and to the important wider connections such as Jim Barnett Reserve and the stream west of Pikitu Marae.

The open community is free from light pollution to allow for night star gazing from the elevated location on which the Marae stands. This can be a community activity or integrated with education.

4. Road and path network STAGE 2 1. Units 2. Landscaping (communal gardens) STAGE 3

Community buildings

1.Additional community buildings 2.Homesteads

Pikit큰 Marae

3. Nursery and shop 25

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Scale 1:2000

CIR CULATION PLAN Roads

ROAD

Pedestrian and bike access only

The tree layout of the road encompasses a single site entrance from which shared driveways extend up to the houses.

The main trunk road leads to the main destination, the community hub including the Marae with visitor parking and space to turn around at the end. It stops before the Marae to allow for a ceremonial welcoming from there.

Driveways are purposefully narrow to slow traffic although this can be increased to allow for on street parking for a high volume of guests.

Private driveways up to the houses allow for guest parking with extra space in front of the garages for guest parking.

Permeable paving should be used for the roads if possible to reduce runoff.

To allow for future expansion of the Papakainga development, there are no obstructions at the end of each cul-de-sac. From here, roads can be expanded north or south to accommodate more homes.

PATHWAYS Units are close to the Marae, it would take a person under 3 minutes at a leisurely walking speed of 3km/h to arrive at the Marae.

Homesteads are a little bit further away and will take under 5 minutes at the same speed.

Connector pathways lead to the community area, around the cemetery and to the riparian forest and Jim Barnett Reserve and other existing connections.

The driveways and roads are shared areas for both pedestrian, vehicles and bikes. The walkways/paths are for bike and pedestrian use only.

Permeable paving for paths is recommended that is compact (not loose gravel) for better grip down slopes.

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Scale 1:2000

PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND COMMUNAL PLAN Communal Private Public

Due to the fact that a Papakainga is a communal or cohousing living arrangement, most of the site is communal.

All gardens and planting within the Papakainga development and roads leading to the houses are for communal use.

The main spine road to the Marae is for public use. From the public carpark in front of the Marae the guests can be formally welcomed to the site therefore can regard all the communal areas accessible to them too after the welcoming.

The nursery shop and associated carpark is for public use. It is separate from the Papakainga development to encourage the public to visit it.

All riparian forests are accessible to the public.

Houses and their decks, driveways and garages are in private ownership. These areas are for each resident to maintain themselves.

The Marae and adjoining buildings are communal to the residents but private for visitors until they are welcomed on to the site.

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Scale 1:2000

STRUCTURE PLANTING PLAN Riparian planting Shelterbelt and food/medicinal forest Flax weaving gardens

RIPARIAN PLANTING

NURSERY

Border the stream. 100m buffer on each stream (50m each side) for the filtration of water passing through to the stream and for the shading of the stream. Both low and high plants, mostly native (where possible), diversity of plants is encouraged. As a 100m buffer it serves as an ecological corridor for birds and other wildlife thus the variation of flora is essential to provide different food sources and habitats.

A place allocated for the growing and propagating different plants to be sold in the nursery store.

Rainwater filtration gardens

SHELTERBELT AND FOOD/MEDICINAL FOREST

Kumara mounds

Located on the south western side of the site to block prevailing winds. The shelter bordering the road serve as physical and noise buffers from road traffic. Can incorporate native trees as shelters and medicinal plants as the sub-canopy or ground level planting.

Food gardens Orchard Nursery Open space

OPEN SPACE Used for active and passive recreation, events, formal welcomes and community or educational activities.

FLAX WEAVING GARDENS Border the detention basin soaking up water when necessary and serving as feeding spots for birds. Flax varieties should include weaving flax to encourage weaving and moko extraction by the residents to keep the art alive. The row of planting also hides the view of the road from the homestead residents.

RAINWATER FILTRATION GARDENS Consist of a variety of rain garden plants such as Cordyline and Phormium that can tolerate a large amount of water and can take up overland water.

KUMARA MOUNDS Communal project. Can be used in education of traditional methods. Children should be encouraged to help in this garden.

FOOD GARDENS Include fruit, vegetables, herbs and berries. Community garden that (if maintained well) can feed the whole Papakainga and help save residents some money on groceries.

ORCHARD Consists of different varieties of fruit trees for the feeding of the residents and potentially can be expanded to sell produce.

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Scale 1:2000

ON SITE WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN Stormwater flow path Rain garden Detention planting Black water piping Leach field Stream

STORMWATER The roads and carparks are sloped to channel runoff water towards the raingarden where it is then filtered.

Roads are made out of permeable paving where possible to minimise the amount of runoff.

A detention dry basin weaves across the low point/ditch in the landscape to soak up water during storm events because this was analysed as an area where water accumulates.

GREY-WATER Grey water is all water from the household except the toilet and water from the kitchen sink which is proposed to be reused indoors for flushing toilets and used for garden irrigation (rain garden). The benefits of this is the reduction of pressure on the septic tanks. This system also encourages eco-friendly product use in homes because the chemicals in the grey-water that ends up in the landscape can have a damaging effect on the environment.

BLACK-WATER Septic tanks from the houses pipe under the rain garden and lead to a leach field. These pipes do not spill into the rain garden and they are closed off from the public for safety reasons.

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Scale 1:2000

HOUSING PLAN HOUSE FEATURES • Solar energy panels on the roofs to capture the suns energy to use for heating water and power.

On-site sensor outdoor lighting via solar power.

• Houses to be installed with rainwater catchment infrastructure to capture rain water that then can be reused in the garden.

• Houses can be built with green roofs to utilize the benefits of reduced energy use that this green infrastructure provides.

• Main compost at Wharekai although homes have compost bins too. Compost used in the communal garden.

• Houses can have carvings decorating them to link back to the cultural history of the site and link to the Marae.

• Each house has a north facing private deck and garage for one car.

• Variation in housing placement to accommodate different needs. For example some have larger open areas around them where others have more driveway space to park on.

• Scattered design to prevent the shadow of one building covering the other.

• Open space around homesteads is intended for tamariki play areas closer to home.

10 units 14 Homesteads

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View 1

PERSPECTIVES

View 2

View 3

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View 2

View looking out from the Marae 39

SECTIONAL ELEVATIONS

Riparian planting

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Shelterbelt integrated into a food forest

Community hub

Residential units

Residential homesteads

Nursery

Riparian planting

Scale 1:2000

Scale 1:2000

Open space

Residential living area

Rain gardens

Scale 1:2000 41

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REFERENC ES

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SOFIA FOURMAN ID 1412846 UNI T E C I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y