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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the course of the documentation I Soham rakshit of 5th number of people have assisted and guided Me. I am grateful to Dr.K.S.PratapKumar(IAS),DIRECTOR,NIFT, Hyderabad for his outstanding support. i would like to thank Mr. E. VenkatReddy ,REGISTRAR, NIFT,Hyderabadfor his encouragement. A sincere thanks to our head of department and mentor Mr AvinashRaipally(Associate professor & Centre Co ordinator of Accessory Design). I would like to thank the entire faculty-Nift Hyderabad for their support. I would also like to thank the officials staff of our Resource centre who provide me resource to complete this document A special thanks to my all classmates whose support makes this document complete.
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WHAT IS IT? Within the design world social design is sometimes defined as a design process that contributes to improving human well-being and livelihood. The agenda of social design is inspired by the idea that designers and creative professionals have a responsibility and are able to cause real change in the world through good design. Design thinker Papanek writes about responsible design. Designers can contribute to designing more ecological products by carefully selecting the materials they use. Papanek also remarks on designing for people's needs rather than their wants. Responsible design includes many directions and one of these is design for the Third World. Designers have responsibility over the choices they make in design processes.
Social design thinking within the design world joins developing human and social capital with new products and processes that are profitable. Profitability and ownership of the processes are the cornerstones of sustainability that underpins human well-being. Another author that contributes to the development of this definition of social design is Victor Margolin. He writes in "The Politics of the Artificial" about the "designer's ability to envision and give form on material and immaterial products that can address human problems on broad scale and contribute to social well-being." This ideology is something that social design is built on. In this view social design is an activity that should not be framed with connotations of charity, aid donations, help etc. It is not voluntary work but it should be seen as professional contribution that plays a part in local economic development or livelihood.
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Design, if it is to be ecologically responsible and socially responsive, must be revolutionary and radical in the truest sense. It must dedicate itself to... maximum diversity with minimum inventory... or doing the most with the least. -Victor Papanek
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Strategic thinking
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Another starting point for outlining social design is strategic thinking of design. Creating policies and implementing them on civil level. The two poles: tradition and the market economy can, in one of the models for social design, be placed in interaction, rather than in competition, with each other. An author that has to be mentioned here is Jacque Fresco and his Venus Project. He proposes that the future of the social systems needs to be designed by the scientific method. Social design can then be seen as a process that leads to human capabilities that in turn contributes to their well-being. As Amartya Sen writes, poverty is seen as deprivation of capabilities. By focussing on capabilities, rather than e.g. income, Amartya Sen suggests that development within various social aspects of life can contribute to general development. Understanding and using social design processes can contribute to the improvement of livelihood.
Designing systems Another dimension of social design focuses on designing systems that join the elements of communication, new product development and the environment. It is argued that no single area of design is, by itself, sufficient to drive sustainable social development. What is needed is a system of design, one that encompasses all of the areas of design, towards an open system with multiple, self-adjusting and complementary actors that aim for a vision of a loosely defined common set of goals.
Social world The term social design is also increasingly used to describe design of the social world. This definition implicates a perception of a man-made reality, which consequently can only be changed by man, and is changed by man all the time. In this view social design is inescapable, it is there whether people are aware of it or not. The social reality is created as a result of the sum of all our individual actions. There is an emerging discussion of this concept of social design, which encompasses all other definitions of the term.
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"Design has a social function and its true purpose is to improve people's lives." -Nokia Design Manifesto
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THE SCOPE AND PROBLEM AREAS
EDUCATION: literacy, educational resources, education for all AID: emergency relief, medical and humanitarian aid POVERTY: extreme poverty, urban poverty, homeless COMMUNITY: gender and race equality, community development and welfare, sports ENVIRONMENT: habitats, sustainable development, biodiversity, water, climate change, natural disaster reduction COMMUNICATION: freedom of expression, access and understanding of media and the internet, media development ARTS & CULTURE: protection of cultural diversity, art as empowerment PEACE: human rights, genocide, conflict resolution WELL-BEING: health, disease, disability
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IMPACTS HAPPENING
Papanek's 3rd World Bike Cart
Designed primarily to be easy to make from existing infrastructure (loads of bicycles-to-thirdworld-countries programs exist, ensuring part supply, and the presence of basic welding technology), whilst not relying on non-existant infrastructure (electricity, gasoline, car parts, etc), the cart is changeable and adaptable, can go both directions, be hand or foot powered, and even attached into a small daisy chain. designed under victor papaneks direction, by students in sweden, sometime before 1984.
Children’s eye care for visionspring A scalable system for providing vision exams and eyeglasses to families in poor, remote communities VisionSpring, a New York-based social enterprise with operations throughout the developing world, supplies tens of thousands of people with affordable eyeglasses—and creates sustainable jobs in the process. Historically, its clients have been older adults who need glasses in order to 9
continue their work as tailors, jewelers, farmers, and more. But a recent grant from USAID enabled VisionSpring to broaden its scope to serve children and adolescents, too
In home sanitation solution for WSUP and unilever
A collaborative R&D effort for a portable toilet and collection service for low-income families in Kumasi, Ghana Some 1 billion city dwellers worldwide lack adequate sanitation facilities in their homes. The reasons they don’t add a bathroom vary from too-cramped living quarters to inadequate resources. Unilever, a multinational maker of consumer products, and WSUP, a nonprofit, tri-sector partnership working to improve access to safe, affordable water and sanitation, were looking for ways to overcome these barriers. They asked IDEO to help determine the best approach to developing new products and services for the urban poor. We chose Kumasi, Ghana, a city of 2.5 million people with less than 20 percent of the population having access to in-home sanitation, as our test market. In Kumasi, many people walk, sometimes long distances, to a public toilet. Others resort to “flying toilets” (plastic bags that get thrown outside after use).
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Ripple effect: access to safe drinking water
Seeding innovation in the water sector Some 1.2 billion people worldwide are drinking unsafe water. Although many organizations purify water at a community scale, people spend significant time and effort to transport it — and it often becomes contaminated during the trip. From retrieval to consumption, water’s journey is complex and provides ample opportunities for improvement. Acumen Fund and IDEO, with backing from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, joined forces to tackle the issues of water transport and storage. The Ripple Effect project aims to improve access to safe drinking water for the world’s poorest and most under-served people; to stimulate innovation among local water providers; and to build the capacity for future development in the water sector.
Aquaduct concept vehicle
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Using pedal power to alleviate developing world water issues The Aquaduct vehicle seeks to address the two main challenges with water in the developing world: sanitation and transportation. Water-related diseases kill thousands of people each day. Moreover, water sources in developing areas can be miles from home, requiring women to walk these distances daily carrying heavy water vessels. The Aquaduct is designed to enable a person to sanitize and transport water simultaneously, potentially lessening the physical strain of the task and freeing up more time for work, education, or family. As the rider pedals, a pump attached to the pedal crank draws water from a large holding tank, through a filter, to a smaller, clean tank. A clutch engages and disengages the drive belt from the pedal crank, enabling the rider to filter the water while traveling or while stationary. The clean tank is removable and closed for contamination-free home storage and use.
ďƒ˜ Story-telling on Wheels
Enterprising Schools, an initiative of Gray Matters Capital Foundation, is sponsored a challenge, focused on increasing the access of low-cost and appropriate learning tools for affordable private schools in India and worldwide.
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Mobile Puppet Theatre teaches crafts and storytelling while highlighting social issues. A proposed puppet van which circulates schools and collaborates with local teachers to provide classes on puppet-making, discussion of social issues, story-telling based on those issues and performance of resulting stories. Given our topic is focused on learning English, the performances would follow suit – perhaps with translation if shown to the wider community.
ďƒ˜ Hippo Roller Rollable Water Basin
Millions of people worldwide are forced to walk long distances on a daily basis to collect their potable water requirements. Traditional methods of collecting water include the use of 20-liter (5gallon) buckets, which are laboriously carried on the head. This method is very time and energy consuming, can cause injuries, and discourages regular access to safe sites of drinking water.
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Organization: project H design
ďƒ˜ Embrace Non-Electric Infant Warmer The ChallengeD2M employed Embrace’s existing Phase Change Material (PCM) technology to develop a nonelectric infant warmer that can be used in rural India. The non-electric heater had to raise the temperature of the PCM such that 90% of the wax melted, and the PCM could not be overheated.
The Results The D2M design team utilized gravity to create a natural flow of melting wax away from the heat source. This simple and affordable solution enabled all of the wax to melt without overheating. D2M also developed an alternative wax case design that quadrupled the amount of PCM, which increased the warming potential to 16 hours. Organization- D2M (design to matter)
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One Laptop Per Child
Xo laptop Education means a chance for a better life. But for the majority of the children in the developing world, access to education remains difficult. Nicholas Negroponte created the One Laptop Per Child foundation and worked with fuseproject to create a low-cost laptop specifically adapted to children and their environment. We provided strategic solutions to the making of the XO (also dubbed the $100 laptop), which led to the unique configuration and innovations that make the XO a true industry game changer.
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The design intent was to make the XO immediately recognizable as a child's product, but not like a toy: the XO's look and feel is of a high-quality tool for education. Specific friendly design elements such as the soft edges, rubber keyboard, or turning the burdensome collaborative Wi-Fi antennas into whimsical rabbit ears, adds a childlike feel to the laptop. We also designed the XO icon with it's color permutations that allows for 400 easily recognizable versions of the product, and permeated both product and user interface. The shared vision between fuseproject and OLPC resulted in close to a million laptops ordered and headed for the hands of children worldwide. Making a cheap laptop is pretty easy, but making one with advanced, well-integrated technologies that can function under extreme conditions is another story. To build a machine with those criteria and to build it without compromise necessitates innovative thinking and strategic design. OLPC entrusted fuseproject to do just that: develop a low cost, child-centric laptop that would be anything but cheap.
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ďƒ˜ City of New York NYC Helmet We were commissioned by the City of New York to create a product and brand that appeals to the new generation of bikers, would provide safety both in a context of a free bike program, and of a policy to promote cycling in the City.
The NYC Helmet is designed with every rider, every season, and a greener environment in mind. As unique and dynamic as the City of New York itself, the NYC Helmet is an innovative modular system consisting of two components: a protective polystyrene inner shell and a soft fabric outer cover with integrated straps. This design allows its owner to customize and personalize the outer cover, which easily separates from the protective shell for easy storage and cleaning.
ďƒ˜ Leverage freedom chair
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Mobility beyond pavement Wheelchairs bring the gift of mobility to millions of disabled individuals, until rough terrain gets in the way. What if we could give people even more flexibility regardless of nature’s conditions? Continuum helped MIT’s Mobility Lab envision the next generation of the Leveraged Freedom Chair, a high-performance version that is funding the original prototype designed to help the disabled in developing countries.
With variable speed controls just like high or low gears on a mountain bike, the new off-road chair was impactful from the start. It moved 34% faster on flat ground and got 53% higher torque on rough terrain. Most importantly, it delivered a newfound sense of emotional independence. The award-winning wheelchair is actively being developed in the United States and will soon offer incredible opportunities for active people with disabilities, allowing them to go places they never thought possible.
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ďƒ˜ Haley house
Complete nourishment Haley House is a small Boston non-profit with a big mission. Since their start as a soup kitchen in 1966, they have evolved to tackle nourishment of the underprivileged from every angle – body, mind and spirit. Their holistic approach now incorporates a variety of programs focusing on education, affordable housing, job training and healthful eating. Relying almost entirely on volunteers, Haley House has very limited fundraising and marketing efforts. While compelling to all that understood the full reach of their various programs, Haley House needed to reach a wider audience and extend its impact.
As we began to understand the intricacies of Haley House, we found that there was indeed one over-arching mission that tied all their programs together. By telling the larger story we could create more impact by conveying the full reach of Haley House. The new site helps draw in more volunteers and funds. Additional sponsorship opportunities like hiring from the training program and ordering catering are raising awareness of the innovative Haley House social business model while garnering support to help grow future programs and initiatives.
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Sachet Syringe Every year 1.3 million people around the world die from the reuse of syringes within a healthcare environment. The reason? Cost. Within India alone, there are approximately 4.5 billion injections given annually. 63% of these are administered in an unsafe manner, either through syringe reuse, needle-stick injuries, or improper disposal. Oliver Blanchard, from University of Plymouth in the UK, designed a safer, low cost approach to administering vaccines. Oliver prototyped his design and interviewed health professionals to refine his approach to the very familiar ergonomics of administering injections.
Bucket Washing Machine
Even though almost half of India’s population is able to afford a washing machine, only 8% of all Indian households own one. Available solutions require electricity, require too much space, or leave clothes too wet. Nektar Solomon, from Design Academy Eindhoven in the Netherlands, presented a jugaad-inspired clothes-washing solution for rural families assembled from low cost, readily available components. Nektar’s inspiration came from her personal experiences living in India.
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Cerebral Palsy Chair (Indian Grand Prize Winner)
An estimated 200 babies are born with cerebral palsy every day in India. Because the resulting disabilities vary so widely, wheelchair-type devices are insufficient for most children and do little to improve motor skills. Pragya Singh from the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad designed an inexpensive, locally manufacturable chair that facilitates posture changes from sitting to standing to walking and improves motor development for children with cerebral palsy. Pragya designed an assembly that uses low cost, common parts that wouldn’t require mass manufacturing.
Water-Filtering Washing Machine
It’s estimated that only 20% of homes in major urban areas receive water on demand 24 hours a day. The rest receives it once a day, on alternate days, weekly, or erratically. Washing clothes accounts for up to 22% of home water use. Prasun Chokshi from IIT Kharagpur designed a way to conserve millions of liters of water each year with washing machine with a smart filtering and water recycling system. Prasun probed deep into the engineering issues for the necessary components of the system. Prasun Chokshi created a washing machine that filters and treats greywater to produce dramatic water and cost savings
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Battery-assisted Bicycle 70% of India’s population lives in rural villages. However 74% of India’s workforce is engaged in non-agricultural work. The need for mid-range mobility, beyond what can be covered on foot or by bicycle, is growing fast. Rakesh Sinha, MIT Institute of Design in Pune, created a battery-assisted bicycle to boost the mobility of millions, connecting them jobs and family. Rakesh also showed how the bike’s main components (battery, flywheel, dynamo) could be sold as an add-on kit to existing
bicycles.
India is the world’s second largest producer of bicycles. Rakesh Sinha used a battery/dynamo/flywheel combination to boost the mobility of India’s rural and urban working class.
Bamboo Treadle Pump
The Bamboo Treadle Pump allows poor farmers to access groundwater during the dry season. The treadles and support structure are made of bamboo or other inexpensive, locally available materials. The pump, which consists of two metal cylinders with pistons that are operated by a natural walking motion on two treadles, can be manufactured locally by metalworking shops. Over 1.7 million have been sold in Bangladesh and elsewhere, generating $1.4 billion in net farmer income in Bangladesh alone. 22
ďƒ˜ Water Storage System
The low-cost, non-evaporative Water Storage System captures and stores monsoon rainwater, making water available for domestic and small plot micro-irrigation during India’s long dry season. For many small farmers, there is either too much water during the rainy season or an acute water shortage during the dry season, when there not only is no water available for irrigation, but drinking-water wells run dry, requiring emergency drinking-water supplies. By providing a 10,000liter plastic storage bag and enclosing it in a hand-dug pit, this system is one-fifth the cost of existing ferro-cement tanks. Designer: International Development Enterprises (IDE) India Manufacturer: Local workshops India, 2006
ďƒ˜ Solar Aid
Approximately 10% of the world population has a disabling hearing impairment, and 80% of them live in developing countries. The most expensive part of a hearing aid is the battery, which needs
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to be continually replaced. The Solar Aid solar-powered hearing-aid battery recharger, developed in Botswana, helps those with hearing disabilities afford to continue in school and participate in economy activity. More than 7,000 units are in use in South America, Central America, Africa, and Asia. And because batteries are generally expensive everywhere, Godisa intends to make this affordable technology widely available not just in the developing countries but also in the United States and Europe.
ďƒ˜ U-Haul Emergency Response Conversion Kit It’s a conversion kit designed for American Red Cross that quickly converts a U-Haul rental truck into temporary Emergency Response Vehicle when a catastrophe happens. The converted vehicle can be used on disaster relief operations to provide stationary feedings and distribution of food and water.
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Credits- Pengtao Yu – Art Center College of Design
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Rickshaw Lighting
By March 2011, Rickshaw Bank has outreached 5000 nos. of poor and marginalized people from different parts of Assam. Apart from physical outreach, the organisation has worked quite a lot with the members and grass-root staff to *enhance the operational framework of the project especially on social aspect. Besides, a reflective study was also made to understand the effect of the project over the members’ livelihood. Besides, the DeepBahan rickshaw, CRD has outreached 150 youths for promotion of its newly-designed Momo Cart, Vegetable Cart, Garbage Cart, Dog Van, School Van and many more. All these new carts have got good response from the youths groups.
Spiral Pine Needle Cookstove Challenge In Uttrakand, India, wood fuel is a scarce commodity, as it is illegal to cut branches from the government-owned pine trees. The large volume of needles fallen from these trees present environmental hazards and increase the risk of forest fires; however, these pine needles have great potential as a highly combustible alternative fuel.
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ďƒ˜ Knee joint device
3,000 patients have been fit with ReMotion's JaipurKnee 79% of these patients are still wearing their prostheses,as compared to 65% 2 in a patient followup study conducted on a previous knee model used by the Jaipur Foot Organization 95% of patients report no failures in their JaipurKnees
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ďƒ˜ jaundice treatment for low-resource settings
Jaundice is the #1 reason why newborns are admitted to hospitals worldwide. About 3 in 5 children have some degree of jaundice. For approximately 12% of babies, the condition is severe and requires treatment. Without timely treatment, a baby with severe jaundice may sustain brain damage or die. With experts at Stanford University School of Medicine, we estimate that every year, over 6 million babies with severe jaundice are not receiving adequate treatment.
Tests at Stanford School of Medicine show Brilliance to perform on par or better than state-of-theart phototherapy devices. ďƒ˜
Minimal Maintenance
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Brilliance LEDs last 16-25x longer than compact fluorescent tube lights commonly used in phototherapy devices in low-resource hospitals. With Brilliance, hospitals can save over $200 per year on costly bulb replacements.
Energy Efficient
Brilliance consumes half the power of compact fluorescent tube lights. In case of blackout, it can be run off a battery back-up (the size of a car battery) for up to 8 hours.
Adjustable & Easy to Use
Brilliance is designed for versatility of use, as dictated by medical staff in over forty hospitals. It meets UNICEF phototherapy specifications and can be used with hospital beds, bassinets and other treatment surfaces.
Access for Agriculture: providing information to isolated rural farmers Of over the 4 billion people who now survive on less than a $4 per a day, 800 million earn their primary livelihood from small farms. Living in remote rural areas, they generally have no way of obtaining information on the latest farming practices. Yet, access to appropriate information could comfortably double or triple incomes in many of these rural farming households.
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OTHER PROJECTS:
Flour Power
Affordable in-home human powered grain mills to finely grind flour in East Africa
Hairzingers
Simple tool to facilitate the beading process for women working in cooperatives in China
Moringa Sheller
A device that shells moringa seeds, a high value crop with income generating potential in Ghana
Rickshaw Lighting
Low cost, pedal-powered lighting for the Rickshaw Bank in Assam, India
Straw Chopper
Chopping straw to use as a substrate for growing mushrooms growers and supplement income in Assam, India
Toilet Seat
Improved design for locally manufacturable urine separating toilet seats in Ghana
Bamboo Pencil Maker
Process for easy manufacturing of bamboo pencils that are comparable to pencils made from wood.
Chlorine Generation
Using locally run electrolysis for a do-it-yourself approach to chlorine generation
Plastic Bottle Recycling
Device that granulates and cleans used plastic bottles into reusable flakes
Portable Bicilavadora
Pedal-powered washing machine that easily transports from house to house.
Spiral Pine Needle Cookstove
Cookstove for burning pine needles as an alternative fuel source in India
Vegetable Cutter
Mechanized device for dicing large volumes of potatoes for an orphanage in Peru. 30
Cell Phone Enabled Baby Scale
Integrated solution for for tracking infant health parameters in General Practicioner clinics in Pakistan
Chlorine Dispenser
Point-of-collection chlorine dispenser for rural communal water sources in western Kenya
Hydropower Lantern
Self-powered portable hydro-powered lantern for the Peruvian highlands
Plastic Bag Recycling
A simple device to turn waste plastic bags into plastic yarn
Soil Block Maker
Utilization of vibration for the compression of soil and cement into bricks
Solar Water Heater
Affordable solar water heater for high altitude deserts
Bamboo Pencil Maker
Device for cutting and slotting bamboo pencil shafts
Integrated Food Vendor Multi-system mobile food cart for Indian street vendors Cart Mobile Maize Sheller
Bicycle-based system for on-farm shelling of corn
Mobile Stove Monitoring Kit
(MOSMO) Portable cookstove emissions test kit designer for field applications
Peanut Oil Press
Portable, pedal-powered peanut oil expeller
Portable Solar Cooker
Portable solar parabolic concentrator designed with nomadic peoples of the high-altitude regions of central Tibet
WHO ALL ARE DOING IT?
Social Design Network is itself a collaborative project undertaken by the global design and merchandise company Felissimo and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, better known as UNESCO. Design 21 believes the real beauty of design lies in its potential to improve life. That potential first manifests itself as a series of decisions that result in a series of consequences. The practice of social design considers these decisions on a greater scale, understanding that each step in the design process is a choice that ripples out into our communities, our world and our lives. These choices are the result of informed ideas, greater awareness, larger conversations and, most importantly, the desire to do good. Social design is design for everyone's sake.
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change happens when people design better, together. DESIGN 21 is a resource to make that collaborative change happen: a freelance designer shares ideas with a green business, an arts non-profit connects with a governmental outreach program, a researcher in England brainstorms with an industrial designer in India.
“In the end, good design is the result of good decisions. Fueling informed choices by fostering relationships and conversation is what the Social Design Network is all about. So engage with the power of design and connect to create change.”
United Social Themes Partnering with UNESCO means being an active contributor to the goals of the United Nations. To help us do that, we’ve adopted UNESCO’s social themes to better define areas we can aid through social design. Think about how your causes or your projects fit into the following:
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CONCLUSION
It’s a fact that 90% of people on Earth don’t benefit from design. That’s because they lack the means to purchase the most basic goods and many lack access to food, clean water, and shelter. What does it mean to design for this massive but radically different audience? Yes it requires a similar massive and radical effort to bring a change. Aware to sensitivity, design gaps, problems, challenges and providing solutions to fulfill “needs”.
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Unfortunately the efforts taken are still meager and not long lasting. Developing nations like india should majorly focus on basic problems withing the mass population. Social design brings people together, hopefully for the greater good, but this is not always the case. By taking the extra step when designing the things that make up our world, we can influence society as a whole for the better, and anyone and everyone will benefit. Social design is a blueprint for the way a community of people could exist. It is a conglomeration of ideas(made by the people) that can make life for all people in a community or nation happier and healthier. social design opens doors for positive change. now all we need are some social designers.
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