Summary of Form and Space

BAI 1212: Architectural Design and Theory I Student: SOK MUYGECH Lecturer: Eng Rinbo Submission Date: 10th April 2010

SUMMARY Chapter 3 Form and Space In this chapter, there are several remarkable points which are mainly focused in architectural context. To begin with form and space, it is one of the important factors in architecture since there are many points regarding this section. For instance, positive and negative shapes which are regarded as figure while negative portion is formed as background. Moreover, at the particular point between mass and space and its symbiotic relationship have play a vital role in defining the form of space. Another point is defining space which is all about the connection between the building itself and its surrounding, meaning that a structure can be defined as a point on the ground or a volume of space ,for instance, an L-shaped and U-shaped configuration of vertical planes which show the interaction between introverted and extroverted field. Furthermore, opening and view are used as a connection between interior and exterior environment. In fact, window and door are not only used for interacting with the outside views and entrance but also for allowing daylight to enter the room. Different types and sizes of opening are used to serve different purposes as well. Final point is light which an essential factor to be considered is also. Light is not only indicates the shape, colors and texture of form in the space but it also reflects the pattern of the objects on another surface. However, we use shading devices to control heat and glare.

Figure 1 Positive and Negative shape

Figure 4 Opening and View

Figure 2 One point on the ground

Figure 3 An U-shaped configuration

Figure 5 Light and Shading device

BAI 1212: Architectural Design and Theory I Student: SOK MUYGECH Lecturer: Eng Rinbo Submission Date: 10th April 2010

SUMMARY Chapter 4: Spatial Organization In this chapter, 5 main types of organization, which are used in organizing spatial field, have been introduced.

They are centralized organization, linear organization, radial organization, clustered organization and grid organization. First of all, centralized organization is the combination of a group of secondary spaces around it. It may create a geometrically regular or symmetrical composition. Secondly, linear organization is the combination of a series of space and it usually is the repetition of forms. Another kind of organization is radial organization which consists of a central space from which a number of linear organizations extend in a radial manner. In short, it focuses inward on its central space. It is also known as an extroverted plan which generally is regular in form. Thirdly, clustered organization is proximity of space which shares the same function or shape. Last but not least is grid organization which is the combination of forms and spaces whose positions in space and relationship with one another are regulated by a three-dimensioned grid pattern or field.

Figure 4 Centralized Organization

Figure 4 Cluster Organization

Figure 5 Linear Organization

Figure 6 Redial Organization

Figure 5 Grid Organization

BAI 1212: Architectural Design and Theory I Student: SOK MUYGECH Lecturer: Eng Rinbo Submission Date: 10th April 2010

SUMMARY Chapter 7: Principles there are four principles, which are frequently used in architecture context, which are axis, hierarchy, datum and rhythm. Regarding axis, it is a line about which form and spaces can be arranged in a regular or irregular manner.

The three particular-ending-elements can be a point in space, vertical planes or well-defined spaces. Moreover, an axis can also define a symmetrical or assymetrical compostion and topography. Second principle is hierarchy which refers to the importance order of form and space as well as its function, formality and symbol in the organization. there are three ways of using hierachy which are exceptional size, an unique shape and a strategic location. the third principle is datum, meaning a line, plane or volume to which other elements in a compostion related. finally, it is rhythm which refers to any movement characterized by a patterned recurrent of element at regular or irregular intercals. rhythm usually uses repetition composition. Moreover, complex rhythm makes the differences between major and minor points.More importantly, rhythm can be organized in all kinds of organzations.

Figure 7 Axis

Figure 8 Axis in topography

Figure 4 Hierarchy in height

Figure 5 Datum

Figure 9 Hierarchy in space

Figure 6 Rhythm