Lung Cancer Awareness Campaign

C NCER AWARENESS CAMPAIGN LUNG CANCER INFORMATION YOU NEED TO KNOW TO STAY HEALTHY AND PREVENT LUNG CANCER.

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CONTENTS ABOUT US

FREQUENCY

RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS

CHECK-UPS

HEALTHY CHOICES

SOURCES

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SolaVieve, in partnership with the World Health Innovation Summit (WHIS), has created this cancer awareness campaign, which aims to increase public visibility and awareness of cancer prevention.

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FREQUENCY FIND OUT HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED BY LUNG CANCER.

LUNG CANCER IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH AMONG MEN AND THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE AMONG WOMEN WORLDWIDE.

CANCER MORTALITY IS A SIGNIFICANT BARRIER TO INCREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY WORLDWIDE. LUNG CANCER IS THE OVERALL LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH (18.0% OF THE TOTAL CANCER DEATHS): IT’S THE LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH AMONG MEN AND THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH IN WOMEN.

2,206,771 NEW LUNG CANCERS WERE DIAGNOSED IN 2020 WORLDWIDE.

DURING 2020, 1,796,144 PEOPLE DIED WORLDWIDE FROM LUNG CANCER. PREVENTION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS ARE ESSENTIAL.

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FREQUENCY FIND OUT HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED BY LUNG CANCER.

CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY VARY BY COUNTRY.

IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES, SMOKING BECAME ESTABLISHED FIRST AMONG MEN, WHICH INCREASED LUNG CANCER CASES. IN MANY OTHER COUNTRIES, THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF LUNG CANCER IS ALSO DUE TO HIGH OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND EXPOSURE TO OTHER INHALANTS.

ACCO R DI N G TO T H E M O S T RECENT STATISTICS, MORE MEN THAN WOMEN DIE FROM LUNG CANCER.

YES, LUNG CANCER IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH IN MEN, BEING IN 2020 21.5%, WHILE IN WOMEN THE PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS REACHED 13.7% IN THE WORLD.

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RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS I HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING A PERSISTENT COUGH, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, AND RECURRING INFECTIONS, SUCH AS BRONCHITIS AND PNEUMONIA. ARE THEY SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER?

IN THE EARLY STAGES OF LUNG CANCER, THERE ARE USUALLY NO SYMPTOMS., BUT THEY DEVELOP AS THE CANCER ADVANCES. THE MAIN SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER INCLUDE:

I H AV E N E V E R S M O K E D A CIGARETTE; IS THERE STILL A CHANCE THAT I COULD GET LUNG CANCER?

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A COUGH THAT DOESN’T GO AWAY AFTER TWO OR THREE WEEKS, OR A LONG-STANDING COUGH THAT GETS WORSE

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CHEST INFECTIONS THAT PERSIST

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AN ACHE OR PAIN WHEN BREATHING OR CO U G H I N G , CO U G H I N G U P B LO O D , A N D PERSISTENT BREATHLESSNESS

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CONSTANT FATIGUE OR LACK OF ENERGY, LOSS OF APPETITE, OR UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS.

10% TO 20% OF LUNG CANCERS OCCUR IN PEOPLE WHO HAVE NEVER SMOKED, WITH A MUCH HIGHER INCIDENCE IN WOMEN THAN MEN, ESPECIALLY IN COUNTRIES WHERE CIGARET TE SMOKING IS COMMON.

DID YOU KNOW? ESTABLISHED CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER IN NEVER-SMOKERS ARE EXPOSURE TO: •

RADON: A RADIOACTIVE GAS FOUND IN OLD BUILDINGS, FROM HOUSES TO SCHOOLS AND WORKPLACES.

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SECOND-HAND SMOKE.

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ASBESTOS: MINERALS USED FOR INSULATORS, WHICH CAN BE USED IN CLOTH, PAPER, CEMENT, PLASTIC, AND OTHER MATERIALS TO MAKE THEM STRONGER. IONIZING RADIATION FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN RADON.

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INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY THE COMBUSTION OF COAL OR OTHER SOLID FUEL.

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RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS I AM AN ACTIVE SMOKER; I HAVE A HIGHER CHANCE OF GETTING LUNG CANCER.

I N G E R M A N Y , AC T I V E S M O K I N G H A S B E E N ATTRIBUTED TO THE LUNG CANCER CASES OF ABOUT 90% OF MEN AND AT LEAST 60% OF WOMEN. ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC), THERE ARE AT LEAST 55 SUBSTANCES IN CIGARETTE SMOKE THAT CAN LEAD TO CANCER. TOBACCO IS ONE OF THE MOST POTENT CANCER-CAUSING AGENTS.

W H AT A R E L E S S C O M M O N SIGNS OF LUNG CANCER?

KEEP A LOOKOUT FOR LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER: •

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CHANGES IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE FINGERS, SUCH AS FINGERS BECOMING MORE CURVED OR THEIR ENDS INCREASING IN SIZE DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING (DYSPHAGIA) OR PAIN WHEN SWALLOWING WHEEZING, A HOARSE VOICE, SWELLING OF THE FAC E O R N EC K , P E R S I S T E N T C H E S T O R SHOULDER PAIN

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CHECK-UPS INFORMATION ON PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS AND SCREENING METHODOLOGIES FOR LUNG CANCER.

CURRENTLY, WHAT ARE THE LUNG CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES IN THE UK, GERMANY, AND INDIA?

CURRENTLY, THERE IS NO NATIONAL SCREENING PROGRAM FOR LUNG CANCER IN THE UK, GERMANY, OR INDIA:

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF LUNG CANCERS FOUND THROUGH SCREENING ARE DISCOVERED DURING THE EARLY STAGE?

NHS ENGLAND IS LOOKING AT USING LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (LDCT) SCANS AS A POSSIBLE SCREENING TEST FOR LUNG CANCER FOR CURRENT OR FORMER SMOKERS

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IN GERMANY, AN LDCT IS CURRENTLY NOT PART OF THE SCOPE OF STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI)

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IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUCH AS INDIA, THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE INTRODUCTION OF POPULATION-BASED SCREENING FOR LUNG CANCER IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

LUNG CANCER SCREENING FINDS 80% OF LUNG CANCERS AT AN EARLY STAGE WHEN THEY ARE MORE TREATABLE. THE MAIN BENEFIT OF LUNG CANCER SCREENING IS THE PREVENTION OF DEATH FROM LUNG CANCER BY DETECTING IT EARLY.

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CHECK-UPS INFORMATION ON PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS AND SCREENING METHODOLOGIES FOR LUNG CANCER.

BLOOD TESTS CAN DETECT LUNG CANCER.

NEW RESEARCH IN THE UK SUGGESTS THAT A ROUTINE BLOOD TEST COULD HELP FIND CANCERS EARLY. EVEN SLIGHTLY RAISED PLATELET (CELLS IN THE BLOOD THAT HELP STOP BLEEDING) LEVELS CAN BE A SIGN OF CANCER. YOUR DOCTOR SHOULD BE ABLE TO ASSESS THIS.

LUNG CANCER SCREENING IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR EVERYONE.

IT IS ONLY RECOMMENDED FOR ADULTS WHO ARE AT HIGHER RISK FOR DEVELOPING THE DISEASE AND WHO HAVE NO PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS THAT COULD LIMIT THEIR LIFE EXPECTANCY OR INTERFERE WITH POTENTIAL TREATMENT.

DID YOU KNOW? THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY RECOMMENDS ANNUAL LUNG CANCER SCREENING FOR PEOPLE WHO: •

ARE BETWEEN 55 TO 74 YEARS OLD AND ARE IN REASONABLY GOOD HEALTH.

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CURRENTLY SMOKE OR HAVE QUIT WITHIN THE PAST 15 YEARS.

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RECEIVE SMOKING CESSATION COUNSELLING IF THEY ARE CURRENT SMOKERS.

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HAVE MADE AN INFORMED DECISION ABOUT THE BENEFITS, LIMITATIONS, AND RISKS OF SCREENING WITH LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (LDCT) SCANS.

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HAVE ACCESS TO A HIGH-VOLUME, HIGH-QUALITY LUNG CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM AND TREATMENT CENTRES.

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HEALTHY CHOICES TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE TO PREVENT LUNG CANCER

REDUCE TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AND SMOKING CESSATION REMAIN THE MOST SIGNIFICANT LONG-TERM I N T E R V E N T IO N S TO D E C R E A S E MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM LUNG CANCER.

REDUCED TOBACCO CONSUMPTION HAS LED TO A DECLINE IN THE OVERALL AGE-ADJUSTED LUNG CANCER MORTALITY RATE AMONG MEN SINCE THE MID-1980S. THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF SMOKING CESSATION DEPENDS ON THE DURATION AND INTENSITY OF PRIOR SMOKING AND UPON THE TIME SINCE CESSATION. IN PERSISTENT SMOKERS (PEOPLE WHO HAVE SMOKED MORE THAN 100 CIGARETTES AND CONTINUE TO SMOKE EVERY DAY) A 30%-60% REDUCTION IN LUNG CANCER MORTALITY RISK HAS BEEN NOTED AFTER 10 YEARS OF CESSATION.

MAINTAINING A HEALTHY AND NUTRITIOUS DIET REDUCES THE RISK OF GETTING LUNG CANCER.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED LUNG CANCER RISK IN CURRENT SMOKERS. THE INGESTION OF CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES IN PARTICULAR, SUCH AS BROCCOLI, CAULIFLOWER, AND CABBAGE, HAS BEEN SEEN TO INVERSELY AFFECT LUNG CANCER RISK

HANDS ON!

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HEALTHY CHOICES TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE TO PREVENT LUNG CANCER

HIGHER LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROTECT AGAINST LUNG CANCER.

THE OVER ALL E VIDENCE TO SUPPORT THIS STATEMENT HAS BEEN MIXED, BUT SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE MORE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE HAVE A LOWER RISK OF DEVELOPING LUNG CANCER THAN THOSE WHO ARE MORE SEDENTARY, EVEN AFTER ADJUSTMENTS FOR CIGARETTE SMOKING.

R E D U C I N G E X P O S U R E TO R ADON GAS CAN PRE VENT LUNG CANCER OCCURRENCE.

RADON IS PRESENT IN NEARLY ALL AIR, MEANING EVERYONE BREATHES IN RADON EVERY DAY, USUALLY ONLY IN VERY SMALL AMOUNTS. RADON CAN ENTER HOMES THROUGH CRACKS IN THE FLOORS, WALLS, OR FOUNDATIONS AND COLLECT INDOORS. IT CAN ALSO BE RELEASED FROM BUILDING MATERIALS OR FROM PRIVATE WELL WATER. CHECKING FOR RADON AT HOME IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO PREVENT LUNG CANCER.

BE HEALTHY

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SOURCES 1/2 LUNG CANCER AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

BREAST CANCER. (N.D.). KREBS - STARTSEITE ZENTRUM FÜR KREBSREGISTERDATEN. https://www.krebsdaten.de/Krebs/EN/Content/Cancer_sites/Breast_cancer/breast_cancer_node.html GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER. (N.D.). PUBMED CENTRAL (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724220/ KASHYAP, SURENDER & SOLANKI, ANJALI. (2014). LUNG CANCER SCREENING IN INDIA: A LONG WAY TO GO. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES. 54. 145-146 LUNG CANCER - SYMPTOMS. (2017, OCTOBER 23). NHS.UK. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lung-cancer/symptoms/ LUNG CANCER PREVENTION (PDQ®) - PDQ CANCER INFORMATION SUMMARIES - NCBI BOOKSHELF. (2021, JULY 8). NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66017/ LUNG CANCER SCREENING USING LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. (N.D.). IQWIG. https://www.iqwig.de/en/presse/press-releases/press-releases-detailpage_15552.html RADON AND CANCER. (N.D.). NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet#howis-the-general-population-exposed-to-radon RESULTS FROM A ROUTINE BLOOD TEST COULD HELP IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER. (2021, JULY 29). NIHR EVIDENCE. https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/results-from-a-routine-blood-test-could-help-in-early-detection-ofcancer/ SCREENING FOR LUNG CANCER WITH CT SCANS. (2010, NOVEMBER 5). HARVARD HEALTH. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/screening-for-lung-cancer-with-ct-scans-20101104754 SCREENING. (N.D.). CANCER RESEARCH UK. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/lung-cancer/getting-diagnosed/screening SUNG, H, FERLAY, J, SIEGEL, RL, LAVERSANNE, M, SOERJOMATARAM, I, JEMAL, A, BRAY, F. (2020).

GLOBAL CANCER STATISTICS. GLOBOCAN ESTIMATES OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE FOR 36 CANCERS IN 185 COUNTRIES. CA CANCER J CLIN. 2021: 71: 209- 249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

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SOURCES 2/2 LUNG CANCER AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

TINDLE HA; STEVENSON DUNCAN M; GREEVY RA; VASAN RS; KUNDU S; MASSION PP; FREIBERG MS; (N.D.). LIFETIME SMOKING HISTORY AND RISK OF LUNG CANCER: RESULTS FROM THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29788259/ TOBACCO SMOKE CARCINOGENS AND LUNG CANCER. (1999 JUL 21). HECHT SS J NATL CANCER INST.; 91(14):1194-210 TORRE L.A., SIEGEL R.L., JEMAL A. (2016) LUNG CANCER STATISTICS. IN: AHMAD A., GADGEEL S. (EDS) LUNG CANCER AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, VOL 893. SPRINGER, CHAM. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24223-1 WAKELEE HA, CHANG ET, GOMEZ SL, KEEGAN TH, FESKANICH D, CLARKE CA, HOLMBERG L, YONG LC, KOLONEL LN, GOULD MK, WEST DW. (2007 FEB 10). J CLIN ONCOL. 25(5):472-8 WHAT TO EXPECT FROM A LUNG CANCER SCREENING. (2020, APRIL 15). AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/saved-by-the-scan/ resources/what-to-expect-from-lung-cancer-screening WHO SHOULD BE SCREENED FOR LUNG CANCER? (2021, JUNE 30). CENTRES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/screening.htm

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