Waste Management Solutions by Solmax

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Covering the world. Protecting the Earth.

SOLMAX.COM

CANADA - MALAYSIA - CHILE - CHINA - SOUTH AFRICA - FRANCE - INDIA

Waste Waste is a by-product and “necessary evil” of most human and industrialization activity on earth today that cannot be avoided. While managing and containing waste might not have been a major concern a few centuries ago, the ever increasing world population has led to the need for stringent regulations and effective waste management. The World Bank conservatively estimates current global waste generation at 1.3 billion tons per year of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) alone, which is expected to increase to approximately 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025. In 1976, the US adopted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) which emphasized on waste reduction through recycling and waste management. It was recognized however that waste could not be completely eradicated and as such, amongst the regulations stipulated in this act was the mandatory use of geomembranes for waste containment. Polyethelene geomembranes are the prime choice for regulators as well as landfill designers today as evidenced by its worldwide acceptance1 for applications such as:

Municipal Waste Landfills

Hazardous Waste Landfills Industrial Waste Landfills Landfill Capping

Koerner, R.M., & Koerner, J.R. (2007). GRI’s Second Worldwide Survey of Solid Waste Landfill Liner and Cover Systems. GRI Report #34, Geosynthetic Institute, Folsom, PA, USA.

For over 3 decades, Solmax has been heavily involved in all spheres of activities for waste containment, from design and regulations to installation and manufacturing. This experience has led Solmax to become one of the worldwide industry leaders in the polyethylene geomembrane manufacturing.

CON

The ever increasing world population has led to the need for stringent regulations and effective waste management.

PROTECTION

MANAGEMENT

NTAINMENT

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill In municipal waste, you can find anything from plastic films and un-recyclable packaging to food waste, yard waste and containers. This waste needs to be properly managed. Of all the solid waste management methods available till date, modern engineered landfilling constitutes the safest and most economical solution. Disposal of solid waste in landfills involves burying the waste in a secured fashion, constituting the most common practice worldwide. Modern landfills are highly engineered endeavors. Specifically designed to prevent contamination of the environment, they are usually constructed out of numerous dimensioned layers of geosynthetics and natural soils, each performing a specific function within the containment area.

Out of the many types of synthetic hydraulic barriers available today, polyethylene geomembranes definitely make up the prime alternative for waste containment applications. Polyethylene geomembranes are engineered to withstand deterioration with proven durability for long term use in both buried and UV exposed conditions2.

As a leading polyethylene geomembrane manufacturer, Solmax offers a wide range of products that meets or exceeds international standards, designer’s specifications as well as governmental and municipal regulations across the world Solmax’s geomembranes offer the following advantages:

Excellent chemical resistance High mechanical strength Great UV resistance Proven durability Reduced thermal linear expansion

Elevated coefficient of friction Effective electro-conductivity for leak detection Required flexibility Exceptionally low impermeability

Solmax also has a competent, experienced and well qualified technical team to assist clients in choosing the optimal product for their application.

Waste

Aggregate Layer

Composite Hydraulic Barrier

Leachate level

Drainage

Geomembrane

Puncture Protection

Geotextile

Waterproo�ing

Low Permeability Soil Liner

Leachate Flow Path

Waterproo�ing & Bearing Capacity

Typical Composite Single-lined Landfill Basal Cross-Section.

Koerner, R.M., Koerner, G.R. & Hsuan, Y.G. (2012). Lifetime Prediction of Laboratory UV Exposed Geomembrane: Part I – Using a Correlation Factor. GRI Report #42, Geosynthetic Institute, Folsom, PA, USA.

Hazardous waste landfills Some types of waste exhibit properties such as reactivity, corrosiveness or toxicity which pose a serious threat to the environment if not properly managed.

Most industrialized countries have developed regulations in a manner to dispose of these materials in a secured hazardous landfill that is designed with doublelining system which is now the standard in most countries. HDPE geomembrane provides a pivotal function for an effective double-lining system design due to its numerous distinct advantages.

Solmax has a rich history in the containment of hazardous waste. With over 30 years of experience in this industry, Solmax has developed technical expertise that has allowed it to innovate and produce the most efficient geomembranes available today. Its liners are sure to meet the project’s needs as Solmax offers products with properties such as:

Excellent chemical resistance High mechanical strength Great UV resistance Proven durability Reduced thermal linear expansion

Elevated coefficient of friction Effective electro-conductivity for leak detection Required flexibility Exceptionally low impermeability

This experience has also allowed Solmax to have one of the most qualified technical team in the industry. Its technical experts can assist designers and regulators in choosing the optimal product for their needs.

Waste

Aggregate Layer

Primary Drainage

Leachate level

Composite Hydraulic Barrier

Geotextile Primary Geomembrane Geocomposite

Puncture Protection Waterproo�ing

Secondary Drainage

Secondary Geomembrane

Waterproo�ing

Low Permeability Soil Liner

Leachate Flow Path

Waterproo�ing & Bearing Capacity

Typical Composite Double-lined Landfill Basal Cross-Section. 7

Industrial Waste Landfills Industrial waste is an unavoidable by-product of factories, mills, power plants and mines. It has existed since the outset of industrial revolution. Industrial waste may come in many forms such as slag, ash, sludge and liquid solution. All of these residues need to be disposed of in such a way that it does not represent a threat to the environment. While historically disposed in wetlands or abandoned mines, regulations today require most of these residues to be contained in an engineered landfill.

Whether it’s with a single composite lined or a double lined leachate collection & recovery system, HDPE geomembrane is the prime choice for designers and regulators worldwide for containing this type of waste. As such, Solmax offers one of the most extensive range of products for this application that is sure to meet a project’s needs. Solmax, supplies geomembranes with the following advantages:

Excellent chemical resistance High mechanical strength Great UV resistance Proven durability Reduced thermal linear expansion

Elevated coefficient of friction Effective electro-conductivity for leak detection Required flexibility Exceptionally low impermeability

Solmax’s qualified technical team, composed of chemical and civil engineers, is there to assist any designer or regulator in choosing the optimal product for their needs.

Landfill Capping Of all the transport media of waste, water constitutes the most dangerous and insidious one as it will leach out contaminants (leachate) and carry them in suspension or in solution through the tiniest fissures.

This is the reason behind the concept of solid waste landfill dry-tombing which consists of extracting all free liquids from a contained heap. Landfills need to be capped such that all liquids may be extracted as recharge from rain prevents efficient extraction.

Capping will also prevent gases such as methane to escape from the landfill. Modern landfills are designed with elements of drainage as well as water barriers, both beneath and above the waste. Of all types of hydraulic barriers available to engineers, polyethylene geomembranes constitute the most reliable and cost effective technology.

Solmax offers a wide selection of geomembranes including LLDPE geomembranes which are the prime choice for designers for capping applications. Solmax’s geomembranes offer advantages such as:

Excellent chemical resistance High mechanical strength Great UV resistance Proven durability Reduced thermal linear expansion

Elevated coefficient of friction Effective electro-conductivity for leak detection Required flexibility Exceptionally low impermeability

Solmax’s technical experience for this application will allow it to support design teams in choosing the optimal material for their project.

Vegetative Cover

Geotextile

Aggregate Layer

Geotextile Geomembrane Geotextile

Erosion Control

Aggregate Layer

Separation

Waste

Drainage

Puncture Protection

Leachate Flow Path

Biogas Flow Path

Waterproo�ing Puncture Protection

Gas Collection & Operational Layer

Typical Permanent Landfill Closure Cross-Section.

Solmax is present worldwide, Some of our projects IESI - Seneca Meadows LF- Expansion

Location: Waterloo, USA Surface Area: 157,935 m2 / 1,700,000 ft2

Location: England Surface Area: 600,000 m2 6,458,350 ft2

Colmenar Viejo Landfill

Kodiak Landfill

Location: Seattle WA Surface Area: 697,844 m2 / 7,511,523 ft2

Lexington Landfill capping

Location: Lexington, NE Surface Area: 800,344 m2 / 8,614,823 ft2

Salina Landfill Cap

Location: Kansas, USA Surface Area: 156,623 m2 / 1,685,874 ft2

Annual Contract with Waste Management

Location: USA Surface Area: 475,000 m2 / 5,111,000 ft2

Lycoming Landfill

Location: Lycoming, USA Surface Area: 130,064 m2 / 1,400,000 ft2

VIRIDOR annual national contract

Location: Madrid, Spain Surface Area: 150,325 m2 1,618,083 ft2

St-NicĂŠphore Landfill

Location: Canada Surface Area: 233,000 m2 / 2,507,989 ft2

Landfill producing Bio-energy

Location: Ste-Sophie, Canada Surface Area: 402,000 m2 / 4,323,520 ft2

Fajardo Landfill

Location: Fajardo Puerto Rico Surface Area: 65,032 m2 700,000 ft2

Ghabawi Landfill

Location: Amman, Jordan Surface Area: 479,186 m2 5 156 041 ft2

Bellville South Landfill

Location: Bellville, South Africa 214,100 m2/ 2,304,550 ft2

Régie D’enfouissement de Paris (REP) REP Bouqueval, REP Fuju et REP Claye Souilly Location: Paris, France Surface Area: 370,000 m2/ 3,982,650 ft2

EMCO Energy Ash Cell

Beijing Tongzhou

Location: India Surface Area: 115,000 m2 1,237,849 ft2

Location: Beijing, China Surface Area: 114,500 m2/ 1,232,450 ft2

Shanxi Taiyuan

Location: Taiyuan, China Surface Area: 147,460 m2 1,587,250 ft2

Japan Landfill

Location: Japan Surface Area: 294,560 m2 3,170,614 ft2

Longquanshan Landfill

Location: China Surface Area: 450,000 m2 4,843,755 ft2

Landfill of China's largest city Chongqing Location: Chongqing, China Surface Area: 195,000 m2 2,098,200 ft2

Doha Airport Landfill

Location: Doha, Qatar Surface Area: 800,000 m2 8,611,100 ft2

Ho Chi Minh Landfill

Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill

Mare Chicose

Mauritius 170,000 m2/ 1,829,850 ft2

Vissershok Landfill site

Location: Vietnam Surface Area: 174,825 m2 1,881,799 ft2

Location: Selangor, Malaysia Surface Area: 198,777 m2 2,139,616 ft2

Location: Cape Town, South Africa Surface Area : 153,400 m2 1,651,200 ft2

Portsmith landfill

Upgrading Sanitary Landfill in Bukit Kalam, Labuan ‐ Capping Location: Labuan, Malaysia Surface Area: 53,360 m2 574,362 ft2

Boral Landfill Cell 2L & 2M

Location: Victoria, Australia Surface Area: 173,000 m2 1,862,155 ft2

Location: Portsmith, Australia Surface Area: 170,000 m2 1,830,000 ft2

Kate Valley Landfill

Location: Cantebury Region, New Zealand Surface Area: 62,800 m2 / 675,973 ft2 13

SOLMAX Solmax is a worldwide leader in PE Geomembranes manufacturing, PVC pannel fabrication and offers both containment and fluid transportation solutions including HDPE pipes, valves, fittings and accessories. Manufactured from Canada, Malaysia and Chile, its products are sold in over 60 countries and are used by the biggest names in the mining, petroleum, waste management, water, and civil engineering sectors. Solmax products are vital in protecting soils from contamination in applications as critical as the landfills of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most populated cities to the tailings or heap leach pads of mines operating in environmentally fragile ecosystems.

LEADER

PROTECTION 14

vision:

Covering the world. Protecting the Earth.

Mission: Solmax offers synthetic products used for separation and / or containment of solids and fluids in soil protection and water management applications. Intended for the construction, civil engineering and environment fields, Solmax’s products aim to improve the quality of life of individuals as well as our society’s well-being.

QUALITY

PE LINERS Polyethylene geomembranes represent the most utilized geomembranes in the world. HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polyethylene) represent over 80% of all geomembranes used for the various containment applications. Polyethylene is the most common plastic and has an excellent chemical resistance, meaning that it is not attacked by strong acids or bases. For these reasons, it is a prime choice for most designers.

Asperity Level Asperity (mils) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 GRI-GM 13 Standard Standart 16

XRT

Whether it’s because of available space or existing terrain, for some projects a higher friction angle is required. For this reason, Solmax has developed two new textured finishes. Upgrading Solmax’s textured finish to a RT (Rough Texture) or XRT (Extra Rough Texture) allows its geomenbranes to reach some of the highest friction angles on the market.

Please contact Solmax’s technical team for any additional information required.

HDPE SERIES HDPE geomembranes are the most commonly used liners for containment. They offer high mechanical strength properties as well as very high chemical resistance. Solmax has been manufacturing HDPE geomembranes for over 15 years and offers a standard product that meets or exceeds all the minimum requirements of the GRI-GM 13* specification developed by the GRI and that is recognized across the world as the basic specification for critical containment applications.

LLDPE SERIES LLDPE geomembranes have become increasingly popular in recent years. While being a little less resistant to mechanical and chemical stress than HDPE liners of the same thickness, they still offer good chemical and mechanical resistance. The main attribute of LLDPE making it more and more popular is its high flexibility allowing the liner to drape around any protrusions and imperfections of the existing terrain much better than with the stiffer HDPE geomembranes. Solmax manufactures a standard LLDPE geomembrane that meets or exceeds the GRI-GM 17* specifications, which are recognized as the worldwide standard for containment with LLDPE geomembranes.

* www.geosynthetic-institute.org

HDPE SERIES ROLL WIDTH 6.8 - 8.0 m (22.3 - 26.2 feet)

THICKNESS

0.5 - 3 mm (20 - 120 mils)

STANDARD FINISH SMOOTH TEXTURED (ST, DT, RT, XRT) PRIME FINISH REFLECTIVE COLORED CONDUCTIVE

LLDPE SERIES ROLL WIDTH 6.8 - 8.0 m (22.3 - 26.2 feet)

THICKNESS

0.5 - 2.5 mm (20 - 100 mils)

STANDARD FINISH SMOOTH TEXTURED (ST, DT, RT, XRT) PRIME FINISH REFLECTIVE COLORED CONDUCTIVE

PLEASE CONTACT YOUR SALES REPRESENTATIVE FOR MORE INFORMATION

Solmax Premium HD Series Adding to its current line-up of geomembranes that do not only meet but exceed industry standards, Solmax introduces the PREMIUM HD SERIES, durable high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane. The specially engineered formulation helps improve the materialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mechanical properties and enhance the endurance properties namely Stress Crack Resistance (SCR), Standard as well as High Pressure Oxidative Induction Time (OIT), thermal and UV resistance.

Outstanding Durability

Better Stress Cracking Sensitivity SCR (HR)

GRIGM 13

1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0

300

GRI-GM 13 Standard SCR Values Comparison

400

Solmax Standard

1 000

Solmax Premium HD

Based on test method ASTM D-5397

Asperity Level

PREMIUM HD SERIES ROLL WIDTH 6.8 - 8.0 m (22.3 - 26.2 feet)

THICKNESS

1.0 - 2.5 mm (40 - 100 mils)

STANDARD FINISH SMOOTH TEXTURED (ST, DT)

Premium HD

PRIME FINISH REFLECTIVE COLORED CONDUCTIVE

ADVANTAGES Improved OIT Improved HP-OIT Improved resistance to Stress Crack (SCR) Improved UV Resistance

Greater Asperity Height Greater Puncture resistance Greater Elongation at break

PLEASE CONTACT YOUR SALES REPRESENTATIVE FOR MORE INFORMATION

SOLMAX REFLECTIVE LINER SERIES Solmax Reflective Liner material is a 3 layer co-extruded geomembrane. The product core and inferior layer remain black which doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t affect any technical properties of the liner. By changing the composition of the superior layer with the addition of a pure white pigment composed of UV additives, Solmax created a product that offers additional on-site benefits suitable for various applications.

Advantages Geomembranes were created to contain solids and fluids for very long periods. As such, they need to have high endurance properties. One of the best additives for plastics to resist to UV degradation is carbon black. However, this results in having black geomembranes. Black geomembranes will get very hot when exposed to sunlight because they absorb sunlight radiation. Therefore, they will have more expansion / contraction due to temperature variations.

Solmax innovated in developing a new reflective geomembrane. While having obvious aesthetic advantages, the reflective liner will also reflect the sunlight and reduce the temperature of the geomembrane. This reduction in temperature will reduce the expansion / contraction of the geomembrane which will allow for an easier installation and reduce wrinkles in the liner. For composite liner systems, reducing the wrinkles will increase the intimate contact between the liner and the low permeability sub layer which will lead to a more efficient impermeable systems. It will also slow down the aging process and increase its service life. Another advantage of reflective geomembrane is the contrast between the white surface layer and the black core of the liner. This allows to easily visually identify holes as they will be more apparent than on traditional black geomembranes. While reflective geomembranes seem to only offer aesthetical advantages, as expressed above, significant benefits result from using reflective geomembranes over traditional black geomembranes.

HDPE GMB Liner

HDPE GMB Liner Temperature, LT (°C)

Textured Black

Smooth Black

Grey/White

White

Smooth Black

White

δ Temperature (°C) from Smooth Black HDPE GMB Liner

-3

-24

6.8 - 8.0 m (22.3 - 26.2 feet)

THICKNESS

STANDARD FINISH SMOOTH

TEXTURED (ST, DT, RT, XRT)

PRIME FINISH CONDUCTIVE

The reflective characteristic is a prime finish available on all Solmax series.

-18

ROLL WIDTH

1.0 - 2.5 mm (40 - 100 mils)

SURFACE Ambient Air Temperature, AAT (°C)

REFLECTIVE LINERS

-8

(Data after Cadwallader, Cranston and Peggs 1993)

HDPE GMB C Liner (X 10-5 / °C)

Black

White

ΔT (°C)

67 - 25 = 42

43 - 17 = 26

L (mm)

100 x 103 3

100 x 10

ΔL (mm)

630 mm

δ ΔL

390 mm -240 mm

38% Reduction for δ ΔL!... Resulting in potential significant reduction of wrinkles!

PLEASE CONTACT YOUR SALES REPRESENTATIVE FOR MORE INFORMATION

solmax conductive liner The new Solmax Conductive Liner is an electrically conductive geomembrane that once installed can be rigorously spark-tested for ruptures and leaks. Incorporating electrically reactive carbon black and the highest quality HDPE & LLDPE resins, Solmax Conductive Liner, is a product whose specifications meets or exceeds the international GRI-GM standards and can be spark-tested on its entire installed surface.

CONTROL METHOD As per ASTM D7240, the spark testing process can be used with the Solmax Conductive Liner to test for damages or leaks. Using a conductive pad linked to a portable holiday detector, electrical induction to the Solmax Conductive Liner is performed to charge the undersurface of the liner. An operator can then sweep the exposed layer of the liner for leaks using a brush or conductive wand. As soon as a leak is detected, an alarm will be heard and a visible spark will be seen, therefore instantly guiding the operator to where a repair or patch must be done.

Advantages

CONDUCTIVE LINER

Spark testing an area lined with Solmaxâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Conductive Liner is not only safe but more efficient to detect potential leaks. Normally difficult to reach test areas such as slopes, penetrations/construction details, wrinkles, and liquid collection sumps can now be easily spark tested.

Less failures at the quality control level due to defective seams and visually undetectable holes. Allows to identify holes as small as pinholes

ROLL WIDTH 6.8 - 8.0 m (22.3 - 26.2 feet)

THICKNESS

1.0 - 2.5 mm (40 - 100 mils)

STANDARD FINISH SMOOTH

TEXTURED (ST, RT, XRT)

PRIME FINISH REFLECTIVE COLORED

PLEASE CONTACT YOUR SALES REPRESENTATIVE FOR MORE INFORMATION

Technical Services Over the years, Solmax has developed an expertise in all fields of research relating to the geomembrane industry. Our team includes civil engineers specializing in geosynthetics installation and design, as well as chemical process engineers and polymer scientists who can adapt our products to the evolving needs of the mining industry. Our technical team can provide support to all clients and consultants in optimizing the use of geomembranes for specific applications.

Customer Service Quality customer service is at the very heart of Solmaxâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s core values. Be it for logistical support or after-sale service, our qualified and experienced customer service team can meet all your needs, in over 60 countries.

Sales Solmax has an experienced and qualified sales team able to meet the diverse needs of its clients around the world. Its sales representatives are familiar with international and regional regulations; and thus, can provide the optimal products for your projects, at the best offering and on schedule, anywhere in the world.

Solmax’s Standard PE Geomembrane Series For information on other series, please contact your local representative.

Property

Test Method

Unit

HDPE series

Smooth

LLDPE series

Textured

Smooth

Textured

Physical Thickness (min avg.)

ASTM D-5199

Sheet Density

ASTM D-1505

Tensile Properties (min avg.)

ASTM D-6693

Mechanical Strength at Yield

Elongation at Yield Strength at Break

Elongation at Break

mm (mils)

0.5 - 3 (20 - 120)

0.75 - 3 (30 - 120)

0.5 - 2.5 (20 - 100)

0.75 - 2.5 (30 - 100)

kN/m (ppi)

7 - 44 (40 - 252)

11.5 - 44 (66 - 252)

N/A

700

150

g/cm

≥ 0.940

kN/m (ppi)

13 - 80 (76 - 456) N/A

≥ 0.940

11.5 - 44 (66 - 252)

N/A

13 - 66 (76 - 380) 800

210 - 1,050 (1,200 - 6,000)

≤ 0.939

N/A

9 - 26 (45 - 150) 250 - 400

315 - 1,050 (1,800 - 6,000)

2% Modulus (max)

ASTM D-5323

kN/m (ppi)

Puncture Resistance

ASTM D-4833

N (lbf)

160 - 960 (36 - 216)

265 - 800 (60 - 180)

124 - 620 (28 - 140)

150 - 500 (33 - 110)

2.0 - 3.0

min

N/A

N/A 80

Tear Resistance

Multi-Axial Tensile (min)

Endurance

Carbon Black Content

Carbon Black Dispersion

OIT - Standard (avg.)

HPOIT (avg.)

Stress crack resistance

Oven Aging - % retained after 90 days

OIT - Standard (min. avg.)

ASTM D-1004

ASTM D-5617

ASTM D-4218

N (lbf) %

ASTM D-5596