Cricket UpCycle

CRICKET CYCLE Solomon Adebiyi 15118009 | AP | 23.11.2020

Online portfolio link: https://indd.adobe.com/view/fd69ae68-364e-4120-aa43-44196411bb4a

Table of content

3 | INTRO 7 | DEVELOPMENT 9 | PROPOSED DESIGN 11 | CRICKET UP-CYCLE LAB 15 | PASSIVEHAUS STRATEGY 22 | STORAGE/ HARVEST 24 | CRICKET UP-CYCLE VISITOR CENTER 2

26 | SEFAIRA ANALYSIS 28 | CONTEXT: DAYLESFORD FARM 41 | CONTEXT: HACKNEY DOWNS 44 | CRICKET UP-CYCLE LAB MINI 49 | UN SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL GOALS 52 | REFLECTION+STUDIO 2 PROPOSAL 53 | APENDIX

INTRO

Brief KARMANUTRA

To design an insect rearing farm within the context of the UK which help tackle the issue of food waste and generates a significant amount of cricket biomass for human consumption.

Good for the planet 80% of global farming land is currently used for grazing or to grow feed for livestock - that provide only 18% of our calories.

Intensive livestock farms produce more greenhouse gas emissions than transport, and heavily pollute both land and water.

Good for animals 60% of all mammals on Earth are now farmed livestock domesticated from < 20 wild species. A majority live in misery.

Tens of billions of sentient beings, with complex sensations and emotions, live and die in tiny cages and cruel production lines.

Good for all of us

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- A focus on tectonic interventions with the ecology and sustainability of our contemporary community-city-world, at different scales, in mind.

A 100g insect snack* delivers 3x the protein of a beef patty, half the fat, more essential amino acids, and 10 x the dietary fiber*.

- Contemporary design methodology; contemporary material (and immaterial) systems; and programmatic design.

Ground Insects are tasty! And we don’t need to eat them with legs or wings - any more than we eat chicken with feathers.

- The priorities that are consistent across the projects undertaken within the atelier is simply that all project propositions should be positive, restorative and equitable and these should be clearly evidenced in the ambition and testing of design research propositions.

KEY CHALLENGES

+Food waste +Food Security +Sustainability Insects offer a unique opportunity to address two of the major global challenges: protein supply and organic waste disposal.

They recycle nutrients from organic waste and bring them back into the local food value chain.

"My aim is to design an insect rearing facility that would not only up-cycle organic waste, but also enables the up-cycling of materials through construction methodology and material palette, whist generating enough protein to help tackle the incoming food scarcity."

Personal theoretical position

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Fermentation 0

C YC LE S Crops harvested One of the important cycles I considered was the relationship between an organic farm (daylsford farm) and the insect rearing facility. In order to create value and reduce waste within the cycles, insect rearing has the opportunity to feed on the wasted organic produce that would normally be thrown away due to cosmetic standards set by supermarkets.

Fruit and vegetable farmers responding to a Feedback survey reported they wasted up to 37,000 tonnes of produce every year – around 16 per cent of their crop.

Cricket Frass can be used as a dry fertilizer or as an additive for soil conditioners. Cricket Frass contains natural chitin, which is also known to trigger natural defense systems of a plant. It’s a unique fertilizer that is 100% organic, a natural food for plants and sustainable. By using this the farmers can further close the loop, crating value from an organic by product, which in turn would help increase the yield of their crops.

https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/fruitvegetables-food-waste-farms-uk-birmingham-manchesterfeedback-a8220171.html

1 Gestation

Mature adult 6

Harvested

Cricket Feed

Organic produce

Adults 5 The cycle of Cricket maturity is very important to the project, this is because the understanding is needed to know the optimal method for cricket rearing. Its importatant to note that the crickets are normally harvested before they develop thier reproductive organs (as that is just inneficient and wasted biomass) The feed requirement and moisture required is also slightly different. Two or more containers for the crickets’ home is required. One will be used for adults and the other for rearing the young.

Ten or twenty gallon aquariums with wire screened lids or plastic storage containers with lids work well.

Crops Fertiliser/ frass

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2 Egg

Nymph 4

3 Pinhead

Life Cycle

Egg

Nymph

Adult

Mating

House crickets have three stages in their life cycle: egg, nymph, and adult. They can live for over six weeks and their entire life cycle lasts two to three months depending on their surroundings.

These crickets thrive when the temperature is between 80 and 90*F.

A cricket begins its life in an egg.

After about 14 days, it will have developed into a nymph. It will break the egg capsule and dig out of the substrate.

Nymphs look like small versions of adult crickets with a few differences.

They are not as developed so initially do not have wings and females do not have ovipositors.

These young crickets often become prey for larger crickets and other insects.

Once a cricket reaches maturity its wings are fully developed and it only has two goals: eating and mating. A male will attempt to attract fertile females. Once mating has occurred, a female will spend her time finding suitable places to lay her eggs.

To attract females, male crickets chirp by scraping their wings together. After mating, a fertile female will lay eggs almost continuously. She will use her ovipositor, a tube-like organ, to deposit eggs in whatever damp substrate is available. A female can easily lay 100 eggs, and sometimes as many as 200 eggs, during her life.

In order to grow, a nymph has to shed its hard exoskeleton. This process is called molting and happens 8 to 10 times. The new exoskeleton is milky white and soft until it hardens in a few hours. A nymph will begin growing its wings after about a month.

MAN VS NATURE Technology and nature are often seen as opposing spheres, this is mostly due to the fact that technological innovation has often followed a linear cradle to grave transaction where natural recourses as often disposed in land field sites where they cause irreparable damage to the environment. Nature on the other hand follows a cradle to cradle cycle, where nutrients and energy transition through a closed loop system, where waste creates value to another element. It is possible however for technology to also follow such a cycle, This is called a circular economy.

Where materials and energy are produced through renewable methods and used and recycled creating minimal waste and adding value through out the systems. I would like to design at the intersection of the biosphere and Technosphere, where consumptions not the end but the beginning of a systems use.

PLANTS

RAW MATERIAL ORGANIC PRODUCE

DISASSEMBLY & WASTE SEPARATION

TECHNOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE NUTRIENTS

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ORGANIC- SYNTHETIC MATERIALS

MANUFACTURE

CONSUMPTION

DECOMPOSERS

PRODUCTS

PRECEDENT Space of Mind cabins Studio Puisto intends for Space of Mind to serve primarily as a remote, offgrid hideout, but they can also be built closer to home for use as an office, garden gym or spare bedroom.

The cabins have modular interiors that also allow them to be quickly and easily adapted to suit a user's changing needs. pace of Mind cabins have a lightweight, wooden structure measuring just under 10 square metres.

They are prefabricated in a factory to minimise damage to the site and ensure they can be easily transported and erected in remote locations.

Cladding options include larch wood, black tar paper, or galvanised steel with standing seams, while the foundations are made from either removable helical piers or lightweight concrete. This ensures a cabin can be adapted to suit different climates and ground conditions.

The angular form of the cabins was developed to offer an "element of surprise" while maintaining an efficient, compact shape. Its overhanging roof functions as a sheltered entrance.

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PRECEDENT 3 Pavilions Along the Seine River

The curvilinear form, reinforced by the folds of the timber and stainless-steel envelope defines a shared external space. The integration of the pavilions in the landscape oscillates between mimesis and reflection of the panorama.

This longitudinal park follows the Seine river, which becomes the focal point of the route over 2 kilometers. The buildings are cleverly inserted, woven into the orthogonal grid formed by the landscape, engaging in a precise game of inflexion and dialogue with the trees. The three constructions are spread out along the promenade according to their function. The first pavilion, situated closest to the entrance and the future tramway stop welcomes visitors; further along, the shop emerges from the trees onto the riverside path and the lastly, the public toilets stand back, located deeper in the park, behind the trees.

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https://www.archdaily.com/897296/3-pavilions-along-the-seine-river-h2o-architectes

"One of the reasons were glad to have architectural designers on board is so that you could innovate the spacial requirements of this scheme." - Justin

PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 3-5

5 2

1

INSECT REARING

INSECT REARING SLAUGHTER

LOCKER/ WASHROOM

STAGE 0-3 STAGE 3-5 SLAUGHTER+ STORAGE

CLEANING

STAGE 0-3

RECEPTION

SLAUGHTER+ STORAGE

MATERIAL TRANSPORT

The design process starts with the programmatic requirements of an insect rearing facility. This was provided by Karma Nutra's Entomologist. It is important to see the spacial relationships that are needed.

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After doing some further research on cricket rearing practice, I thought it was necessary to differentiate between the rearing areas between rearing of the young and older crickets.

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STAGE 3-5 SLAUGHTER+ STORAGE

STAGE 3-5 STAGE 0-3

STAGE 0-3

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It then became rational to transform the programme from rectangular volumes into curved and circular units, and there are a few reasons for this, Firstly it enables a better flow and access through the units mimicking the cycle of the cricket life stages. Secondly curved shapes are more organic, easier on the eyes and create a unconventional aesthetic which could add further interest for people unfamiliar to the world of insect eating. And lastly the circular design became a poetic statement as a key design driver for us to move away from linear models of technological innovation into a circular economy which i would follow not just programmability but also through material and construction methodology.

The next design development was to deconstruct and separate the zones into separate volumes this would be to enable a walk through of the stages of insect rearing, starting with the cleaning and changing, through to the different stages, then ending with the storage and slaughter/ freezing, ready for transport off site.

SLAUGHTER+ STORAGE

Tutors feedback.

Great start and strong concept drivers, however make sure you explore more than just a circular design, as it works as a diagram but might not be the most efficient shape to work with.

I then combined the material transport, cleaning and locker room into one central area which becomes a staff/ reception unit, whist the rest serve their function for the different stages of insect rearing and harvesting, it becomes a loop

Client feedback.

Justin: First impressions are its a lot bigger than what initially had in mind. However we really like the design, it visually appealing and we like the process.

Conrad: Maybe it could serve as more than a insect rearing facility, the shape and programme lends to becoming a visitor center, which can add value to the project through raising awareness for insect eating within the context of the UK. Willie: Brilliant development. Its really beautiful. I like the circular design, its really appealing to the eye, and the space use looks really practical. I'd love to have an insect rearing facility like this with the central hub at my lab. However the separate units might prove difficult to handle the sanitary aspect of the rearing operation.

After taking in all the feedback my designs development was then split between two iterations, a circular programme and a rectilinear programme. The facility was also designed to either be a simple unit/module which comprises of insect rearing shelves storage space and a freezer these are referred to as C or I units. Alternatively there is also designs for a full visitor center with a central hub and 3 orbiting modules which would produce ample cricket biomass.

PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT PT2 FREEZING STORAGE CIRCULATION STAGE 4-5

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

FREEZING

STAGE 0-3

3

FREEZING

STORAGE STAGE 4-5

1

STAGE 0-3

2

2

2

1

WC/ STAFF LOCKER RECEPTION

3

STORAGE

1

STAFF

WC/ LOCKER

STAGE 4-5 STAGE 0-3

RECEPTION 3

RECEPTION

0

CLEAN/ LOCKER Next I decided to remove the central hub for a few reasons, first being i thought it would be better for all element to follow the same construction strategy, the central hub would have needed a different design method and parts. Secondly i thought the central hub functions should be a part of the cycle not separate to it allowing for ease of operation, and finally by removing the central mass the facility fells more open to exploration and visually can be read easily.

The key iteration from this is that instead of splitting the unit by the stages of the insect life cycle, they are all included within one unit, this would allow a C unit alone to be sufficient for normal farmers. In the visitor center design the operator would start in the central hub, clean and change and then is able to repeat the process for 3 units. Having 3 orbiting modules is aspirational and if necessary you could start with one and as you earn more units can be added, making the facility scalable.

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Here we have the alternative design for an I unit, where instead of a circular flow we have a rectilinear design. The design methodology would work in the same way as the C unit and would please more conventional and practical farmers.

PROPOSSED PROGRAMME

FREEZING STAGE 4-5 CIRCULATION

STAGE 0-3

STORAGE CLEAN

LOCKER

RECEPTION Finally I ended up with the latest iteration of the Cricket Up-cycles visitor center. Whats new? The individual C unit now has a new layout, which includes a cleaning and changing room and a barrier/curtain door before you enter the rearing facility. There is now storage spaces on both sides of the unit with a central circulation space. Further more Windows! More natural light has now been integrated into the design, southern facing vertical window strips as wells as celestial northern lights to maximize the light allowed into the space. ( The crickets will be shielded within the shelves and container tub/ egg cardboard boxes). They also allow visitors to see what is happening within the insect rearing space without needing to enter.

Furthermore, the windows will be operable as part of the passive ventilation and cooling strategy.

iterative design testing of a spatial design proposition with at least three iterations.

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1

LEARNING CENTER

Also there is a central reception area where visitors arrive and would receive information and ushered to the learning center(they will not be allowed into the cricket rearing unit as it is a clean space.) The learning center is a fun and interactive zone where visitors would learn all about the project. The waste food and value of insect eating, and would allow them to try and buy cricket produce.

PROTOTYPE TYPOLOGY Three typologies were diverse from the needs to have different spacial and programmatic arrangements for different clients. Bigger corporations such as Daylseford farms would be able to utilise the visitor center. Whilst everyday farmers would order the CU lab. The mini lab was created out of the desire to have a small unit for some farmers to trail insect farming, with the ability for further extension or easy disassembly.

Cricket Up-cycle Mini • Cricket Up-cycle lab • Cricket Up-cycle Center

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The design for the C- unit is a sleek curve timber and black trim finish. The aluminum metal window and door frames playfully perforate the facade creating streams of light inside the unit.

CRICKET CYCLES KARMA NUTRA + CRICKET UP-CYCLES CRICKET UP-CYCLE LAB

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There is a simple gutter detail that collects the rain water runoff to be harvested in a storage tank, fit to be reused for cleaning and washing purposes. The Windows are designed to allow light into the space as well as to allow portal views into the insect lab. The celestial lights allow orientated to the north allow for ambient lighting within the space whist also providing a cross ventilation strategy. Solar panels are mounted on the roof which would be south facing to maximize solar gains, allowing enough renewable energy generation to power the unit. M&E is minimal, with basic lighting and a freezer.

The insect rearing farm will be made from a timber frame of responsibly sourced local plywood from Landes and spruce from Limousin, with insulation made from wood fiber. A plywood external skin spans between rib elements fabricated from plywood sections. Longitudinal stability is assured by diaphragm action. The ribs are anchored to Timber floor joists via bolted metal plates.

3504 5

300 5 A100

3 A100

1

300

4

4.5

1 : 100

2000

5 5

4

4.5

Site

4 A100

2897 3000

1

2

Section AA 1 : 50

This wooden wall is composed of external wood fiber of 22 mm, then 200 mm of cellulose wadding, and 60 mm of flexible wood fiber. Those different insulation panels give a real guarantee to optimize space.

37.4 SF

3756

1 Cleaning/Changing

2665

2130

3434

96 71

FR Z

Not Enclosed 13 m² Not Enclosed 139.7 SF

597 9

54 99

339 8

4 m² 40.1 SF

2 2 InsectInsect rearing rearing

Construction details- Roof The roof structure is a traditional framework in local wood, covered by a PVC Protan membrane.

From the outside the insulation is formed by external wood fiber 22mm, then 200mm of flexible wood fiber. This build up gives a really good thermal performance to the roof.

1 3000Cleaning/Changing 3 m²

2

3515

GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS

The Large Windows are positioned on the east and west sides, yet the curve towards the south due to the buildings curved form. The buildings overhang, protects from sumer solar gains, whist welcoming the winter sun. The specs of the window would be Wood and aluminum, Uf+076 W/m2.K triple glazing 3N2 Solar, Ug = 0.62, g = 62. Uw = 0.73 w/m2K.

Z FR

1

6514

A100

2

14 1

Clean floor plan Copy 1 1 : 50

1:50 drawings,

Section CC 1 : 50

For the foundations i finally decided on some stone piles as seen in a lot of Japanese architecture. The wood joist would be fixed on top of it.

This is easier to use natural insulation, between the joist with cellulose wadding of 160mm. This is completed with an additional vacuum insulated panel with a lambda of 0.0077W/m/K. This build up is able to resolve thermal bridging problems.

2

Section CC

INTERNORM HF200, WOOD AND ALUMINUM, UF + 0.76 Wm2.K TRIPPLE GLAZING 3N2 SOLAR, Ug + 0.62, g + 62% Uw+ 0.73 W/m2.K

300

2000

3515

5 A100

300

897

A

3756

15

6514

1 : 50

504 5

2665

2130

3434

TYPICAL DETAILS

13mm PROTAN ROOF COVERING 100 mm WOOD FIBRE (PAVATEX PAVAFLEX) intello membrane 2x 100PAVATEX WOOD FIBRE(PAVATEX PAVAFLEX) 22mm Wood fibre (PAVATEX ISOLAIR) plywood 10mm

4 A100

12MM - PLYWOOD 30mm X 2 - POREXTHERM VACUSPEED intello membrane 18mm - OSB 160mm - SUPAFIL CAVITY WALL 2x 100 - PAVATEX WOOD FIBRE(PAVATEX PAVAFLEX) OSB 9mm

6mm - ENERCIEL 13mm - PLYWOOD 60 mm WOOD FIBRE (PAVATEX PAVAFLEX) MEMBRANE- PROCLIMA INTELLO+ 200mm - SUPAFIL CAVITY WALL FIBRE(PAVATEX PAVAFLEX) 22mm Wood fibre (PAVATEX ISOLAIR) plywood 22mm

WESTERN RED CEDAR TIMBER FRAMES

This images show the structure of the units, from the timber frames joint together by the curved horizontal connectors. It is important that these units come with impeccable sustainability credentials and that it must have a secondary, offseason use. For the frame,I choose Western red cedar because it would weather well and had FSC Chain of Custody certification.

Wood connections are all M 12 bolts, with the exception of the angle brackets that attach the beam at the front of the structure. Spacer tubing is used around 12mm rods in the ridge to keep uniform spacing between the ribs.

OSB SHELVING UNITS

PLYWOOD INTERIOR+ EXTERIOR

The exterior and interior would be made of plywood, due to its alternating structure, plywood is extremely rigid and shear. As a result it is often used as bracing structure in lightweight stick frame construction. It is also used as a wind barrier layer. The exterior being plywood siding. Finally, a tension cable braces the back wall for lateral stability. The plywood floor is screwed to the floor joists that sit on used railway sleepers. I selected plywood cladding from proven sustainable sources..

The windows will be made of aluminum frames and double glazing The shelving units will also be made of OSB, cut to interlock (no special skills required) The unit will be covered by a plywood interior and exterior.

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- Its production generates 1/5th of the CO2 arising from the production of aluminium1. Under the BRE Green Guide, it is rated A+. Only 43% of PVC membrane is derived from non-renewable fossil fuel - almost all other single-ply and built-up systems contain a much higher percentage. PVC is the only roofing material that can be recycled back into roofing products.

Each module is then built atop stone pile foundations in order to have little impact on the environment.

Thermal solar panels convert solar energy into heat which is used to heat water. This type of solar panel works more efficiently the hotter it is. It is therefore an advantage to have dark surfaces that absorb as much of the heat from the sun as possible. For this purpose we recommend our black or dark grey Protan SE membrane.

PASSIVHAUS STRATEGY Key features: wood construction, miniaturization, ecological materials

The architecture of the units attempt to achieve pasivehaus standards. Over the next few pages i will document the process of how i plan to achieve this through principles of form, comfort, and reduced carbon footprint allowing the requirement of little energy to maintain a constant pleasant temperature (this is important as the crickets prefer a constant temperature of 26 °C, due to excellent insulation, air tightness and efficient heat. This means that these units can easily be powered by renewable energy sources such as solar panels.

Thermal insulation All opaque building components of the exterior envelope of the house must be very well-insulated.

For most cool-temperate climates, this means a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.15 W/(m²K) at the most, i.e. a maximum of 0.15 watts per degree of temperature difference and per square metre of exterior surface are lost

U-value floor 0.087 w/ (m2.K) primary energy demand 82 kWh/ (m2.a) U-value roof 0.105 W/ (m2.K) U4alue window 0.79 W/ (m2.K)

Airtightness of the building Uncontrolled leakage through gaps must be smaller than 0.6 of the total house volume per hour during a pressure test at 50 Pascal (both pressurised and depressurised).

Absence of thermal bridges All edges, corners, connections and penetrations must be planned and executed with great care, so that thermal bridges can be avoided. Thermal bridges which cannot be avoided must be minimised as far as possible.

Passive House windows The window frames must be well insulated and fitted with low-e glazings filled with argon or krypton to prevent heat transfer. For most cool-temperate climates, this means a U-value of 0.80 W/(m²K) or less, with g-values around 50% (g-value= total solar transmittance, proportion of the solar energy available for the room)

HIGH PERFORMANCE WINDOWS

CONTINUOUS WINDTIGHT LAYER CONTINUOUS SUPERINSULATION CONTINUOUS AIRTIGHT LAYER THERMAL BRIDGE FREE

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VENTILATION STRATEGY

Architectural design optimises passive systems to reduce the units operational energy demands for energy, heating and cooling

Cross ventilation establishes a flow of cooler outdoor air through a space.

The flow carries heat out of a building creating better circulation. Under appropriate climatic conditions, cross ventilation is a viable and energy-efficient alternative.

A successful building form for cross ventilation requires maximized exposure to the prevailing wind direction, minimizes internal obstructions between inlet and outlet, and provides for adequate outlet area. An ideal building could be an elongated rectangle with no internal divisions with no external obstructions to wind flow such as trees, bushes, or other buildings. However, proper placement of vegetation, berms, or wing walls can channel and enhance airflow at windward openings. High inlets and outlets provide structural cooling but no air movement at occupant level. However, cross ventilation through lower inlets provides occupant level air movement.

One of the most important question was "how to assure ventilation for 25 square meter, I found the Helios Who have a compact machine for small house, the KWL EC 220 PRO, who is designed for 60-160m3/h, and to be hang to the ceiling. With only 25 cm of thickness, it could be hang on a technical ceiling, at the opposite of the office, without technical room.

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I also found a grille from HELIOS (IPFKB) very useful, it is shape to have the entrance and the exit air in the same grille, and the space between both is the same than the ventilation KWL EC 22() PRO. So I had no cold duct needed in the unit.

The windows are timber frame with aluminium cladding.

overhang Passive cooling Indirect Northern light Vapour open construction

CROSS VENTILLATION IS POSSIBLE THROUGH OPERABLE WINDOWS

PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL OR PCM HAVE THE CAPACITY TO STORE AN RELEASE LARGEAMOUNTS OF ENERGY THIS ENERGY IS CALLED LATENT HEAT.

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS AND THERMAL MASS

One of the challenges i faced when trying to stick close to passive house principles was thermal mass. Because of my material choice of wood. I could not use clay concrete or heavy materials. So I've had to find a thin material, which could prove that thermal mass. So i found a PCM (Phase change material) plaster called ENERCEIL, this plaster has a capacity to absorb energy and could possess thermal mass equivalent to 40 – 55mm of concrete. So it is able to be applied on the interior walls in 6mm coating,

It is possible to model individual zones in imported geometry in order to obtain additional results such as the maximum, minimum, average and median Daylight Factor and uniformity indicators and to generate an html report including all these values.

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AIR TIGHTNESS HEATING STRATEGY Airtightness strategy is important in such a small project because there are lots of surfaces between the inside and outside air, so more heat can be loss.

As a result of more sources of air infiltration. The material that i have specified to deal with the air tightness would be PROCLIMA INTELLO+.

INTELLO work on the principle of climate-controlled membranes: the fleece membranes provide a seal against moisture in winter, whereas the molecular structure becomes more open in summer and facilitates drying out in a reliable manner.

For the solution for heating I've decided to used an iron kettle to boil water and heat the insect lab. This should be fine for such a small envelope, the kettle should be sufficient. However for the Visitor center, further thought will be needed for thermal comfort, in that scenario an installation of a heating diffuser placed in the room should provide adequate thermal comfort in winter months.

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SOLAR CELL SYSTEM DIAGRAM Mono-crystalline (black) solar panels The silicon used to make mono-crystalline solar cells has a high level of purity. The silicon is all oriented the same way in a mono-crystalline solar cell, creating one large silicon crystal.

Because of the way light interacts with a mono-crystalline silicon layer, mono-crystalline solar panels appear black in color. The process of aligning the silicon into one crystal, known as the Czochralski process, is energy-intensive and results in some wasted silicon. As a result, mono-crystalline panels cost more than polycrystalline solar panels.

Black mono-crystalline and blue polycrystalline solar panels both offer unique benefits and drawbacks. Due to their uniformity and the alignment of silicon in mono-crystalline solar cells, mono-crystalline panels tend to have a higher efficiency than polycrystalline panels. However, this higher efficiency comes with a higher price tag, as mono-crystalline solar panels are generally more expensive to produce and buy.

If efficiency is your main concern, a mono-crystalline solar setup may be your best option. Likewise, if you want the lowest price for your solar project, polycrystalline panels could work best.

SOLAR PANEL

2kW OF CLEAN FREE ON SITE ENERGY GENERATED, RENDERING THE UNIT SELF SUFFICIENT

INVERTER METER ELECTRIC BOX

Photovaltaic Solar Panels Batteries AC/DC Inverter Off grid solar system works alone without city power.

Off grid solar system mainly consists of solar panels, off grid inverter, charge controller, solar battery, etc

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https://news.energysage.com/why-are-solar-panels-blue/#:~:text=Monocrystalline%20(black)%20solar%20panels&text=Because%20of%20the%20way%20light,results%20in%20 some%20wasted%20silicon.

Timber frame construction has traditionally proven a popular choice for people interested in sustainable building for a variety of reasons, not least because of its ability to reduce environmental impacts compared with traditional concrete-based construction: less embodied energy, a lighter carbon footprint and, in its prefabricated forms, arguably less waste on site.

In Britain, timber frame manufacturing has doubled since the turn of the century, with industry turnover up 10% from 2007. Experts predict that the method will continue to grow in popularity in England and Wales, catching up on the 75% market share it currently enjoys in Scotland.

Ensuring breath-ability is crucial in a timber frame construction. Most build-ups become more breathable, i.e. more vapour open, towards the outside of the construction.

So, an airtightness and vapour control layer toward the inside and a more open breather membrane towards the outside of the build up, allows vapour and any moisture absorbed during the building phase to diffuse out of the construction.

Bio-based Renewable Materials Materials are renewable, Locally sourced, durable, and carbon sequestering.

Bio-based Renewable Materials Materials are renewable, Locally sourced, durable, and carbon sequestering.

Passive Environmental Systems Architectural design optimizes passive systems to reduce the units operational energy demands for energy, heating, and cooling

Passive Environmental Systems Architectural design optimizes passive systems to reduce the units operational energy demands for energy, heating, and cooling

Prefabrication and Shipping Prefabricated wall panels can be set in place by hand, creating a readily assembled, high performance building envelope

Prefabrication and Shipping Prefabricated wall panels can be set in place by hand, creating a readily assembled, high performance building envelope

Windows Prefabricated wall panels can be set in place by hand, creating a readily assembled, high performance building envelope

Windows

Prefabricated wall panels can be set in place by hand, creating a readily assembled, high performance building envelope

One of the biggest selling points of timber frame construction amid growing environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable https://passivehouseplus.ie/magazine/guides/the-ph-guide-to-structural-timber methods of building is that it is low-carbon – as long as the forests from which the timber comes are well-managed and replanted.

Timber frame can help to reduce the embodied energy of construction, for a couple of reasons: timber products tend to be less energy intensive to manufacture than steel or concrete, and the material itself acts as a carbon sink.

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Growing trees soak up CO2, meaning that timber products can lock in place emissions for the lifetime of the building. It is estimated that during photosynthesis, 0.9 tonnes of CO2 is stored in every cubic metre of wood. When the building is demolished, the timbers can often be very easily recycled when they go out of use – though this will depend on the specifics of the build spec.

RAINWATER HARVESTING Rainwater harvesting is also used in the building with grey water capture and use. The building uses an NC 15 UGWT tank supplied by Titan Pollution Control, with a working capacity of 15,000 litres.

Before fine-tuning your rainwater collection system for your tiny house, you will need to first crunch some numbers to determine exactly how much water your home is capable of harvesting.

The determining formula will need to be done monthly as rainfall amounts vary: catchment area (square feet) x rainfall depth (inches) x 0.623 conversion factor = harvested water (gallons).

Typical water consumption amounts in a tiny home measuring 8 feet by 24 feet would use 15 gallons of water/day, requiring four inches of rainfall/month.

The roof and gutters are going to be the main source of catching water. A 40 foot by 25 foot roof will divert close to 600 gallons of water per hour, with an inch of rainfall. If you have two downspouts off of your roof, you could easily collect 300 gallons of water from each.

26m2 x 43.30709 inches2 x 0.623

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85 x 13.2 x 0.623

700gallons per month

20 LITERS OF WATER

QUICK MATHS:

STORAGE/ HARVEST

44 x 2300 = 101,200 101,200 crickets per 40 day cycle 44 shelving boxes per unit 1 tub per box 890

900

2300 crickets per tub 1000 crickets = 420g at time of harvest. Fresh weight boxes

24

11/11/2020 15:54:21

1

101,200 / 2.8 = 36,143g of fresh weight at time of harvest

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CRICKET CYCLES KARMA NUTRA + CRICKET UP-CYCLES VISITOR CENTER

The design for the Visitor center builds on from the methodology of the Cricket Up-cycle lab. The key difference with this unit is that there is an additional reception space and learning center. These added programmes came from a conversation i had with Karma nutra, there was a desire to create a visitor center with interactive spaces for learning, whist allowing visitors to peer into the cricket lab without actually going inside.

The design keeps the sleek curve timber and black trim finish. The aluminum metal window and door frames playfully perforate the facade creating streams of light inside the unit.

There is a simple gutter detail that collects the rain water runoff to be harvested in a storage tank, fit to be reused for cleaning and washing purposes. The Windows are designed to allow light into the space as well as to allow portal views into the insect lab. The celestial lights allow orientated to the north allow for ambient lighting within the space whist also providing a cross ventilation strategy. Solar panels are mounted on the roof which would be south facing to maximize solar gains, allowing enough renewable energy generation to power the unit. M&E is minimal, with basic lighting and a freezer.

The insect rearing farm will be made from a timber frame of responsibly sourced local plywood from Landes and spruce from Limousin, with insulation made from wood fibre. A plywood external skin spans between rib elements fabricated from plywood sections. Longitudinal stability is assured by diaphragm action. The ribs are anchored to Timber floor joists via bolted metal plates.

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10400

5

4

4.5

3000 2 A103

20800

2

1 A103

2

3000

Z FR

1 Cleaning/Changing

339 8

4 m² 40.1 SF

597 9

2 Insect rearing

FR Z

Not Enclosed Not Enclosed

3

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Refer to earlier plans and sections on page 11/12

SEFAIRA ANALYSIS BASELINE (NORTH FACING)

CURVE FORM (NORTH FACING)

One of the main agenda's in this prototype is the commitment to sustainability, one way of achieving that is through reducing the buildings carbon footprint, using a fabric first approach. Sefaira is a tool used to simulate environmental performance of the proposed building in order to make better informed decisions, putting sustainability at the forefront of the design process.

One of the questions i was asked was to prove the benefit of the curved design over a rectilinear design, and through this sefaira test i was able to show that the curved design facing south, performs better than a rectilinear (baseline) for in the same orientation.

So I started by creating a baseline model with the same features as the curved model. I tested it facing north/south because principles of design state that you should have the longer side of your building north/south facing to maximise souther solar gain and you would want to minimise west and east glazing as it is more difficult to shade against.

My first baseline test showed that there was no real difference between whether the entrance was south or north facing on the rectilinear units.

Next, I ran the same analysis on the curved form. The results showed that there was a benefit in curving the form and facing it to the south, I theorise that this is because, the sides curve to face south aswell, allowing for more south facing solar gains, whists minimising east west, and northern gains.

The model was over lit however, but that could easily be dealt with some shading devices and an overhang. The UK climate is more heating dominated so thats where the focus should be.

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BASELINE (SOUTH FACING)

CURVE FORM (SOUTH FACING)

SEFAIRA ANALYSIS PT 2

Next I wanted to see analyses the effects of my proposed thermal envelop specifications.

So i figured out the u values of the wall build up 0.157 W/(m2.K) The floor 0.087 w/ (m2.K) The roof 0.105 W/ (m2.K) the triple pane glazing 0.79 W/ (m2.K) the infiltration rate/ air tightness using the Intello to make it extremely airtight and understanding that I would be using efficient lighting and an A rated freezer. By putting these values into the sefaira analysis i could see that the effects would be above the Ashrae benchmark meaning it would have a low EUI. The biggest problem seems to be the south solar gains which will be dealt with shading blinds. external walls 0.157 W/(m2.K) U-value floor 0.087 w/ (m2.K) primary energy demand 82 kWh/ (m2.a) U-value roof 0.105 W/ (m2.K) U4alue window 0.79 W/ (m2.K)

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BASELINE

PROPOSED BUILD UP

CONTEXT 1 DAYLESFORD FARMS

D A

Potential location on farm for visitor center.

MIN. 20M X 20M REQUIRED Daylseford organic farm is based in Glocestershire. The farm prides in responsible mindful farming, and hold accountability for their ethical and environmental standards. From raising animals to handling ingredients, respect of the environment is at the core of their values. Insect farming would be a great addition to their roster of animal rearing and would blend excellently into the operations and community.

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B

C I have identified 3 locations on the daylsford farm site that seem ideal for the Cricket upCycles prototype.

TYPOLOGY SELECTION

Daylsford farm provides an excellent opportunity to use the Cricket up-cycle learning center typology, this is because its a large enough organisation to afford the higher costs of the unit. They attract enough visitors to the site to be able to utilise the learning center as a means to teach more people about the world of insect farming, edible insects and waste management.

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N

PROTOTYPE ON SITE MACRO

Car parking Lorry route

The Legbar restaurant Bamford wellness spa, Cotswolds

W

E

Bamford Barn Clothing Shop Walking path to site Cricket upCycles proposed location

Having modeled the site it was important to theorize how I would like the unit to interact within the operations of the larger context of the farm. The chosen site was B on the southern location of the site. Currently not much activity is happening on that part of the site, it has good transport infrastructure, the roads are wide enough for a lorry carrying the materials to build the unit. It would be a short walk from both the cafe and the farmland and finally the are ample opportunities to park you car, although most visitors would be walking from the building complex on a guided tour.

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S

N

PROTOTYPE ON SITE MICRO The prototype will be oriented north-south with the entrance facing the south, this will allow the maximization of solar gains on the unit. The surrounding context is mostly dirt roads and grass as it is at the interface between Daylsford farms building complex and the farmland. I thought it was important for it to be in the middle as the programme and operations depend on the mediation between the organic crops and the buildings/visitors.

W

E

S

33

OPERATION CYCLE

RECEPTION CLEAN/ CHANGING ROOM CRICKET TUBS 0-3 CRICKET TUBS 4-6 CRICKET TUBS STORAGE FREEZE/ TUB CLEAN AREA LEARNING CENTER CRICKET UPCYCLE OPERATOR DAYLSFORD ORGANIC FOOD STAFF VISITORS It was important to Karma Nutra that we had an understanding of what the operational day would look like. This diagram helped me understand and communicated what i expected to be going on in the center and furthermore what architectural elements would be needed to facilitate such activities.

It is important to view this diagram in the web browser so you can navigate to the next feature. I will also add the diagrams sequence in the page below in case this does not work.

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https://indd.adobe.com/view/fd69ae68364e-4120-aa43-44196411bb4a

1

OPERATION CYCLE

2

1 Operator enters Reception area and opens up the Cricket Lab/ Visitor Center

6

3 2 Daylsford farms staff arrives with Organic waste produce

7 6 Crickets are cleaned and stored for 2-3 days without food to make sure they are ready for freezing

4 3 Operator enters Cleaning room and changes into clean Cothing

8 7 Crickets are frozen and packed to be collected and processed

5 4 Operator enters Cricket lab and feeds stag 0-3 crickets

9 8 Visitors come to tour the Center

4 Operator Proceeds to clean and feed Crickets stage 4-6

10 9 Operator entrs the learning center to teach visitors about the wonders of cricket farming and all its possibilities

10 Daylsford Farms staff coms to collect cricket Frass and to process cricket protien

36

37

38

39

40

41

DESIGN FOR DISSASEMBLY Sale to farmer

Assemble

Dissasemble

Production of new units Upgrade

Maintain

Relocate

Use

Repurpose Recycle We live In a world that is changing all the time. where flexibility Is Important. not least In the built environment. Increasingly we need structures that can go up, come down, move, be adapted, and re-thought.

But we also live in a world where the visual impact of the built environment is important. Where imaginative design and quality materials reflect our cultural values and create a special sense of place. And, above all, we have to find new ways of building that respect the need to preserve our planet for generations to come. I am proposing a building system that is uniquely able to meet these needs. It illustrates how, with imaginative designs , wood structures can be reused.

Recycling is a cornerstone of sustainable living. Yet when it comes to buildings, we usually demolish and start again from scratch.

It is true that the construction industry is getting better at recovering materials from demolition. But the fact is that the recovery, reprocessing and reconstruction operations consume large amounts of energy and materials that cannot be renewed. How much better it would be to recycle entire structures and save this wasteful reconstitution.

It is normally cheaper to commission a reused structure than a new one, especially where the original designers have thought about demountability.

CONTEXT 2 HACKNEY DOWNS

N Car parking Lorry access route

Primary school

W

E

Hackney Downs play ground/ park School playground

Walking access points

Site location

S

43

Hackney Downs was another potential site/ client proposed by KARMANUTRA. It is small organic farm in London that would like to join the pilot.With an interesting plot of land, the urban farm provides a great location to have an insect farm. It's adjacency to the road allows for ample exposure from passing drivers whist its vicinity to the schools and playground enables a chance for kids to peer through and look into the world of insect farming and eating.

"I THINK IT WILL BE GREAT TO HAVE BOTH BIG CUSTOMERS LIKE DALE IN RURAL HEARTLANDS, AND SMALL URBAN GROWERS - POSSIBLY LEADING TO US NEEDING BOTH A SIMPLE INEXPENSIVE MODEL AND A MORE AMBITIOUS DESIGN WITH POTENTIAL FOR MORE PUBLIC INTERACTION. I THINK THE SIMPLE VERSION MIGHT ALSO WANT TO ALLOW GARDEN VISITORS TO PEER INSIDE" - JUSTIN

Hackney Downs urban farms provides an opportunity to utilise the Cricket up-cycle mini lab. This is because the site requires a smaller and much more affordable unit, a bare bones approach to see and trail the appetite for cricket farming within the Hackney community.

44

PROTOTYPE ON SITE

N

W

E

S 45

CRICKET UP-CYCLES KARMANUTRA + CRICKET UP-CYCLES MICRO UNIT

46

5

4

4.5

3328

Construction details- Roof 3515

The roof structure is a traditional framework in local wood, covered by a PVC Protan membrane.

From the outside the insulation is formed by external wood fiber 22mm, then 200mm of flexible wood fiber. This build up gives a really good thermal performance to the roof.

2

2000

5

4

4.5

3000

1 Cleaning/Changing 4 m² 40.1 SF

3135

2

2 Insect rearing Not Enclosed Not Enclosed

3000

597 9

339 8

This wooden wall is composed of external wood fiber of 22 mm, then 200 mm of cellulose wadding, and 60 mm of flexible wood fiber. Those different insulation panels give a real guarantee to optimize space.

5801 FR Z

1 Cleaning/Changing

597 9

2 Insect rearing

FR Z

Not Enclosed Not Enclosed

3515

339 8

4 m² 40.1 SF

The Large Windows are positioned on the east and west sides, yet the curve towards the south due to the buildings curved form. The buildings overhang, protects from sumer solar gains, whist welcoming the winter sun. The specs of the window would be Wood and aluminum, Uf+076 W/m2.K triple glazing 3N2 Solar, Ug = 0.62, g = 62. Uw = 0.73 w/m2K.

For the foundations i finally decided on some stone piles as seen in a lot of Japanese architecture. The wood joist would be fixed on top of it.

This is easier to use natural insulation, between the joist with cellulose wadding of 160mm. This is completed with an additional vacuum insulated panel with a lambda of 0.0077W/m/K.

1

Clean floor plan 1 : 50

This build up is able to resolve thermal bridging problems.

Refer to earlier plans and sections on page 11/12

47 1

Clean floor plan

48

49

50

UN SUSTAINABLE GOAL AND CRICKET UPCYCLES

The atelier is influenced by texts responding to sustainability in the widest of terms. The RIBA sustainability guide and education toolkit and the UN Global sustainable development goals being the foundation background texts which underpin the Atelier’s theoretical-conceptual grounding. In this following section i will make references to how i believe Cricket Up-cycles addresses some of the key Global sustainable development goals

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Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision making.

The decline of global extreme poverty continues but has slowed. The deceleration indicates that the world is not on track to achieve the target of less than 3% of the world's population living in extreme poverty by 2030. Strong social protection systems and government spending on key services often help those left behind get back on their feet and escape poverty, but these services need to be brought to scale.

Cricket Upcycles Contribution The Cricket Upcycles project provides farmers an opportunity to make income through a new, low investment innovation, Knowing that Cricket protien could be one of the answers to future food scarcity, the demand will be be created to benefit from. Therefore creating a new line of work to help reduce the poverty issue. We provide training for new farmers which will improve thier livelihoods.

It is time to rethink how we grow, share and consume our food in more sustainable ways. If done right, agriculture, forestry and fisheries can provide nutritious food for all and generate decent incomes while supporting people-centred rural development and protecting the environment.

Cricket Upcycles Contribution The project creates conditions to support sustainable farming especially in urban dense areas. The design of areas for food production on a micro scale, is robust and flexible. Also it is able to intergrate within local production ecosystems as seen on Daylsford farm. The urban insect farm is capable of producing 36,143 g of fresh g of cricket fresh weight every 40 day cycle. Cricket Protien provides a nutricious protien and mineral source.

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Sustainable consumption and production is about promoting resource and energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, and providing access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all. Its implementation helps to achieve overall development plans, reduce future economic, environmental and social costs, strengthen economic competitiveness and reduce poverty.

Worldwide material consumption has expanded rapidly, as has rnaterial footprint per capita, seriously jeopardising the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 12 and the Goals more broadly. Urgent action is needed to ensure that current material needs do not lead to the overextraction of resources or to the degradation of environmental resources, and should include policies that improve resource efficiency, reduce waste and mainstream sustainability practices across all sectors of the economy.

Cricket Upcycles Contribution Firstly the selction of our food source greatly effects our planet, the amount of green house gasses emited through the processed of traditional livestock farming method is devestating.

Cricket upCycles provides a significantly better alternative. Furthermore the project is designed for dissaembly, through careful maintenance, and consideration for durability and lifecycles, the project aims to mitigate the value loss and waste production in the industry and through individual componant cradle to cradle plans. unabling the entire unit to be recycles or upcycled. The project is predominently made of renewable natural resources. Concieved of as a kit of parts and assembled by hand on site.

Climate change is now affecting every country on every continent. It is disrupting national economies and affecting lives,costing people,communities and countries dearly today and even more tomorrow. Weather patterns are changing, sea levels are rising, weather events are becoming more extreme and greenhouse gas emissions are now at their highest levels in history. Without action, the world's average surface temperature is likely to surpass a 3 degrees centigrade increase this century. The poorest and most vulnerable people are being affected the most.

Affordable, scalable solutions are now available to enable countries to leapfrog to cleaner, more resilient economies. Climate change, however, is a global challenge that does not respect national borders. It is an issue that requires solutions that need to be coordinated at the international level to help developing countries move toward a low-carbon economy.

Cricket Upcycles Contribution The CO2 impact of the project is minimal, through intergrating renewable energy produvtion, sustainable material selection and design to optimise climactic comfort with a minimum of energy consumption for heating, cooling and lighting. The project incorporates natural light, natural ventilation and careful consideration to the thermal properties of the building envelope.

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This has be a fantastic project which has organically developed and has shaped my intrest as an architect, Ireally enjoyed the live nature of this project, learning about ricket farming and th UN sustainability goals. Moving forward im undecided, i have a few things that intrest me to persue. On path is to carry on the inscet farm project to see if i can work with Karma Nutra to the realisation of the project, exploring the proposal in a real context, building mock ups and having to make decisions to develop the proposal to achieve my objectives.

Alternatively my other intrest lie with advance material technology, reaserch and fabrication methods. I would like to continue the journey i started with my dissertation on Biomimicry using studio 2 and 3 asresearch through design, and i thought it would be idea to use the insct farm typology as a vehicle for this research, as it allows me to tackle the issues of envelope thermal properties and lighting, on a small scale project.

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Appendix

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