Pasar Badung Discovery Research

Pasar Badung.

It’s not just a market.

Pasar Badung It’s not only about market. It’s about neighbourhood!

A collaboration between Somia Customer Experience, Somia Design Studio and ARCC (Architecture Research Consultancy & Construction)

crafted in a magical island of Bali, Indonesia 2016

Background

Introduction What’s this This is a compilation of insights collected from ethnographic research done in Pasar Badung, the oldest traditional market in Bali, Indonesia. This report is intended to provide context, information, and inspirations that can be used by the government and other development agencies towards revitalizing and improving the Pasar Badung site and experience.

This report lays out our observation and interviews with the people at Pasar Badung, combined with desk review, done between August - September 2016. Pasar Badung has long history and complex challenges, and as we attempt to capture them here, we are well aware that there is a lot more to explore and cover to create a full comprehensive solution,

Where Pasar Badung Located in Jalan Gajah Mada, a heritage area in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.

Right beside it is Pasar Kumbasari, another traditional market selling mainly art and crafts

Pictures Pasar Badung last building. (up right) http://static.republika.co.id/uploads/images/inpicture_slide/suasana-aktivitas-transaksi-jual-beli-di-lapak-dagangan-darurat-_160406194500-742.jpg,

History Pasar Badung was built in 1977 in a heritage area well-known as a trading center in the past.

The building was located next to a river ‘tukad badung’ that was used as a path for Dutch expedition moving from Denpasar to Pemecutan during the war “Puputan Badung”.1 As a traditional market, Pasar Badung has existed since the Badung kingdom era where local merchants, China, Arab and India lived. The area is thus well known as “Pecinan Gadjah Mada”.2

Pictures: 1.

Jalan Gadjah mada in the old times http://dikutabali.com/bagaimana-bali-tempo-dulu-wisata-bali-tempo-dulu/ 2.

Pasar Badung in the past. http://koleksitempodoeloe.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/bali-tempo-doeloe-masih-di-jaman.html 3.

Pasar Badung old building. http://xn----htb4afwjg.xn--p1ai/denpasar-indonesia.php Notes 1.

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http://www.sejarahbali.com/detail.php?id=36 http://heritage.denpasarkota.go.id/index.php/baca-berita/12681/Gadjah-Madakoma-Kawasa-Heritage-dan-Multikultur

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The Fire In the last 41 years, Pasar Badung has caught on three major fire accidents in 1975, 2000 and February 2016. The last fire caused major destruction to the market and shut down the market activities completely, such that the sellers have to be relocated temporarily to other locations.2 After the painful accident, the sellers face significant decrease in their customer base and this impacts their economy and welfare.

Notes: 1. http://metrobali.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Pasar-Badung-Kebakaran.jpg 2. http://www.nusabali.com/berita/2981/pasar-badung-ludes-terbakar Pictures http://metrobali.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Pasar-Badung-Kebakaran.jpg, http://metrobali.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Pasar-

The Brief In an attempt to redevelop the Pasar Badung, the city planning office of Denpasar has called out public competition “Pasar Badung Master Plan Competition�, with two main goals.

1. Building redesign Pasar Badung long history of fire accidents become the main background urged the government to assign a national standard building for the new Pasar Badung building. With Balinese traditional architecture concept as the design guidelines, Bebadungan style, the future design is projecting to be Denpasar city icon. The new development also should integrate Pasar Badung with the surrounding area such as Pasar Kumbasari, Tukad Badung river, Gajah Mada pedestrian, village temples and kiosk on Jalan Sulawesi.

Jalan Gajah Mada with mixed architecture style.

Pasar Badung is located on the perimeter of Tukad Badung river.

2. Inclusion into city tour The government would like to enhance the experience of Pasar Badung for tourists and to include it as part of city tour destination, as it has high potential for economic development.

Research Objectives This research aims to uncover the life at Pasar Badung, its current practice and the space requirements, as a foundation for the development of urban planning, architecture, and service design for the market.

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Who are the stakeholders and the people driving the activities in Pasar Badung?

What are their frustrations? What are the gaps between the desired and existing experience?

How is the flow of activities? What are the space requirements?

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Human-Centered Design In this project, we use human-centered design approach. Human-centered design is a way to approach design and problem solving by putting the human perspectives at the core. It starts with the people we are designing for and ends with new solutions that are created to suit their needs.

This report covers the research part of the project, covering quick ethnography in the market and surrounding area. We spent several days (on different time frame) to observe and interview people on the field.

Observation

Actively observing the people, their movements, activities, use of space, extreme behavior, and workarounds done to the space.

Interview

Intercept interview gathering insights on their motivations, habits, expectations, frustrations, through personal stories.

Life at Pasar Badung

Pasar Badung in numbers

2015 3000/months

2014 1500-2000/months

tourist visitor

Notes: http://traveling.bisnis.com/read/20160121/85/511538/turis-asing-kini-gemar-melancong-ke-pasar-tradisional

313 sellers 392 courtyard sellers

Pasar Kumbasari 1 floor relocation st

1.698 sellers Consist of

270 kiosks 1428 stalls

Pasar Badung 12.700 m2

Pasar Kumbasari 7.000 m2 Pasar Payuk 2.400 m2 Notes: http://denpasarkota.go.id/assets_subdomain/32/download/Dokumen%20Sayembara%20Masterplan%20Kawasan%20Pasar%20Badung_497308.pdf

The people Being one of the biggest market both in terms of size and product offering, Pasar Badung becomes the go-to market for people from the nearby as well as people from other areas. The visitors are not limited to the locals, but also foreign tourists.

Who are these people? What do they do? How do they interact with one another?

Market Organization Finance staff

PASAR BADUNG

Market chief

Lease collector Day

Local market Security staff Stalls merchant Parking staff Cleaning staff Quick Shopper

Suun Courtyard seller Regular shopper

Explorer

Tourist

Night

The Market.

Market Chief - responsible for the market in overall - supervise market staff (finance, lease collectors, security, parking, cleaning) - report to head of market association

Courtyard Sellers - hog a space at the courtyard (outdoor) - no rent, contributes retribution - operates during evening time (5pm-5am)

Stall Merchants - have a permanent indoor shop / stall space - pays monthly rental for the kiosk - operates during day time (7am-5pm) - help sellers and buyers to carry and transport goods - guide tourists to go around and bargain - general helper for anyone who needs help - works on three-shifts “Suun� (traditional porter)

Pictures http://static.republika.co.id/uploads/images/inpicture_slide/suasana-aktivitas-transaksi-jual-b eli-di-lapak-dagangan-darurat-_160406194500-742.jpg,

Explorers - visit to observe and experience local culture - no specific intention to shop - guided as part of tour, guided by ‘suun’, or independently on their own

Regular shoppers

- adhoc, shop to find something - know what to look for / specific item - smaller amount

Quick shoppers

- shop everyday - every 2 days - loyal to specific sellers - shop to market after work or early morning

The Visitors.

24 hours operation

Morning hectic (3-6am) Cleaning activities typically happen during this time, to collect garbage, sweeping and mopping the wet area.

Shop and stall merchants also unload their good during this time and set up their shops.

Afternoon hectic (4-5pm) The courtyard is used as parking space in the morning and for sellers in the evening, and the transition happens between 4-5pm. The market staff uses a loudspeaker to chase away vehicles to empty the space for the courtyard sellers to set up.

Afternoon hectic when courtyard sellers are setting up their stalls once the courtyard, which is used as parking space in the morning, is cleared out of vehicles.

Insights

The situation on Gang C (C Alley), Pasar Kumbasari

1 Simple hope.

As the basic needs are not met yet, all the people at the market hope for is a proper infrastructure.

- Circulation management - Waste management - Drainage and water resources

Pasar Kumbasari main circulation during market transition

Circulation management One of the biggest frustrations in the market is on crowd and circulation management. There is no separation for people walking, unloading of goods, and vehicles to pass through. This results in congestions, disturbing the buying-selling activities.

“It’s very crowded and missing public transportation.

There’s no signage at all” - foreign tourist

How might we split the circulation of people walking, goods loading/ unloading, vehicles, and garbage truck, such that it is convenient for different stakeholders without affecting the transaction activities?

“It’s a little bit crowded. It’s annoying if we have to make ways for cars and motorcycles passing by when we are shopping.” - regular shopper

Flow Map

people

loading

car

motorcycle

stall

The existing circulation.

With only one street, all types of circulation mixed in narrow space creating crowded situation every day.

The situation in the afternoon when the courtyard seller start to open their stall.

Beside as the main circulation, The street is also used for motorcycling parking.

Waste management The market produces huge number of waste and garbage every day, yet there is no system to manage it effectively. The stall owners prepare their goods (sorting, cutting, cleaning, etc.) within their stalls, and as this garbage is open and does not get cleared right away, it makes the market look dirty and create unpleasant smell.

“The most difficult things in take care traditional market is the waste.

It’s very crucial� - night market chief

How might we efficiently collect and transport the garbage to reduce their exposure (in terms of both sight and smell) to the visitors?

Pasar Badung temporary garbage collection station.

Every day minimum 3 trucks are needed to pick up the trash from the market to the final disposal.

Drainage and water resources There is no proper drainage in the wet area (stalls selling fresh meats and fish), resulting in water puddle around the area, with unpleasant smell. In addition, there is limited water resource spots that are accessible to different merchants to clean the fresh produce and equipments.

“For the new building we hope for good water resource management, that meets the right standard. Good drainage.� - day market chief

How might we create a dedicated space for water resources and drainage in the wet area such that the merchants can clean their fresh produce and equipment quickly as and when needed?

Communal washing station used by the sellers to wash their working tools.

2 Implicit norms.

The way market and the people within it interact with each other follow certain implicit norms and tradition.

Some needs to be preserved to keep the cultural tradition, while some needs to be made more explicit to improve the experience.

- Fair competition - Market transition rituals - Invisible helper

Pasar Kumbasari parking area situation during the night market

Fair competition The sellers see the market as a place where they earn their living, together. Even though there are dozens of sellers selling the same things, they compete fairly. They believe that everybody has their own fortune, an old Indonesian belief that they still hold true. This belief and behavior creates a friendly atmosphere in the market, and needs to be preserved in this modern world.

“We compete but fairly, everybody has their own fortune” - kiosk merchant

“Everybody in this market is like a family” - courtyard seller

How might we preserve this culture of friendly ambience as the market infrastructure is being modernised?

The flower sellers have a conversation and open their stall near each others on Pasar Badung courtyard.

Market rituals There are some rituals that mostly only the people in the market are aware of. For instance, the transformation from parking area in the courtyard to a night market, which happens at every 4-5pm. However, such rituals are not explicit and not known by other people who do not come to the market regularly. This causes chaos, and imposes daily challenge for the market operation.

“The troubled time is during the transition from morning to night market.

We should organize the parking.� - market chief

How might we make market rituals (such as transformation from carpark into night market) more explicit for everybody so that people know what is expected from them to avoid chaos?

The security and parking staff manage the parking area shifting when the night market preparation.

‘Suun’ the invisible helper The market management does not cover ‘suun’ (traditional porter) as part of their responsibilities, as if their existence is not formalized. However, ‘suun’ plays a key role in the market ecosystem. They help carry goods for the buyers, sellers, and even be a tour guide for tourists. There is no explicit rule on their rates. People pay them voluntarily.

“ The fee depends on the people. I don’t set the price. People pay based on their empathy” -suun “I

learn english from listening to the tourist.” - suun

How might we better empower ‘suun’ to support the market activities so that they can earn better income?

“ We don’t

set the fee.. Tourist sometimes give tips or the seller usually share the profit if we can sell some things.” - suun

3 Making things work.

Limited resources don’t make people stop. They invent creative ways to tackle the constraints and fulfill their needs.

- Stall renting for storage - Neighbourhood storage renting - Display everywhere - Motorcycle overloading - Quick shopping

Stall renting for storage The sellers often need to store their goods in the market, so that they are easily accessible when needed. However, the market does not provide a special storage space. As such, several sellers team up to rent another stall and use it as storage in the market.

“ If the room is big, we share the storage with other sellers.� - courtyard seller

How might we incorporate proper storage space for sellers to rent?

Neighbourhood storage renting Sellers who cannot satisfy their storage needs with the stalls inside the market, seek out for alternative solutions. Spotting this gap, people in the neighbourhood rent their houses to be used as storage spaces. This big demand has turned the surrounding houses into 3 stories of storage facilities.

“ We don’t provide storage. We just specify the opening and closing time and all the goods should be loaded matching that time.� - market chief

How might we better integrate these neighbourhood storage into the market ecosystem to make it easier for future sellers to find storage space when they need it?

Display everywhere Display is an important thing for the sellers to attract buyers. Thus, they carefully arrange their products, each having their own strategy. To maximize exposure, they utilize any part of the stall, such as pillars, walls, or even extending their stalls out to the corridor. They would put up and pack them back in everyday.

“ The ritual to open the kiosk starts by arranging the products out for display.� - kiosk merchant

How might we create stall module that maximizes the exposure of goods display to the customers?

Motorcycle overloading Motorcycle is the main transportation for most of people in Bali. In the market, it is used to transport goods (and often, in large quantity). To accommodate more load, the owners attach additional features to their motorcycles to maximize the amount of goods they can carry.

“ The goods and stuff are carried

to home. We use motorcycle to avoid ‘mini pick-ups’ renting.” - seller courtyard

How might we design additional compartment attached to the motorcycles that is flexible and is able to contain large quantity of goods, while ensuring safety of the riders?

Quick shopping Customers wearing helmets to shop - this is not a rare scene in the market, especially in late afternoon. They usually do quick shopping on their way home after work. It is perhaps a similar behavior to shopping in convenient stores, just that this happens in the traditional market.

“ I can do quick shopping because I’m loyal

to specific seller so that i don’t

need to bargain anymore and just need to mention the things i want to buy.” quick shopper

How might we enable quick shopping for customers who do not have much time to wander around?

Conclusion

The government vision stated on Tukad Badung river wall near Pasar Badung: “Let’s make Denpasar glow Clean - Healthy - Shady - Beautiful”

Sum up.

Split different types of circulation.

Reduce exposure with garbage during collection and transportation.

Create a dedicated space for water resources and drainage in the wet area.

Preserve friendly culture inside modern infrastructure.

Explicit market transformation for everybody.

Empower ‘suun’ to support the market activities.

Integrate neighbourhood storage into the market ecosystem.

Incorporate proper storage space for sellers to rent.

Create stall module that maximizes the exposure of goods display.

Design additional safe compartment attached to the motorcycles for loading.

Enable customers to wander around quickly for shopping.

1 Simple hope.

2 Implicit norms.

3 Making things work.

Opportunities: Modern infrastructure while preserving traditional feel; with smart features to support daily activities