WELLNESS RESORT, TEHRI, UTTRAKHAND
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for The award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
Submitted by SONAL 2015BARC045
10TH SEMESTER YEAR: 2020
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, BHOPAL
Declaration
I Sonal, Scholar No. 2015BARC045 hereby declare that, the thesis titled Wellness resort, Tehri, Uttarakhand, submitted by me in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Architecture at School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal, India, is a record of bonafide work carried out by me. The design work presented and submitted herewith is my original work and I take sole responsibility for its authenticity. The matter/result embodied in this thesis has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
Sonal Date: 20.07.2020
Certificate
This is to certify that the student Ms. Sonal No. 2015BARC045 has worked under my guidance in preparing this thesis titled Wellness Resort, Tehri, Uttarakhand.
RECOMMENDED
_________________
Dr. Sandeep Sankat
ACCEPTED
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Prof. Piyush Hajela Head, Department of Architecture
July, 2020, Bhopal
Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude to all the people who have supported and helped me throughout this journey of completing my thesis. I am deeply grateful to my guide, Dr. Sandeep Sankat for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. Without his support and guidance this journey wouldn’t be the same. I am deeply grateful to my family, my friends Aashna Aggarwal, Srimayee Krishna, Stuti Bharadwaj, Arushi Singhal, Gaurav Yadav and Kislay Komal and my talented juniors Tushar, Abhinav, Navya, Pranjal, Nandini and Shally for being my strength and source of inspiration and constantly helping me throughout. I am thankful to H.O.D. of Architecture Prof. Piyush Hajela and thesis coordinators for their help and guidance.
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Abstract
My personal fascination with nature and the opportunity to learn from it has inspired this thesis project. To create a space that allows human to have a deep intrinsic connection with the surrounding environment. This project tries to investigate how architecture can create spaces that encourage and induces healing. The project also draws ideas from local architecture of the region. This thesis focuses on how architecture can bridge the gap or enhance the human and nature bond thereby provide a healing environment. The design uses nature as a therapy through architecture with the implementation of biophilic design as the concept. The project explores the role of built environment in therapy. This thesis is intended to help an individual to find a better way of living.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION
2
1.1. BACKGROUND
2
1.1.1. What is wellness?
2
1.1.2. Wellness tourism
2
1.1.3. Yoga & Ayurveda
2
1.1.4. What is a wellness resort?
3
1.1.5. Why people go there?
3
1.1.6. Difference between a wellness resort and other resorts
4
1.2. PROJECT BRIEF
5
1.3. WHY A WELLNESS RESORT?
6
1.4. AIM
6
1.5. OBJECTIVES
6
1.6. METHODOLOGY
7
2. LITERATURE STUDY
8
2.1. INTRODUCTION- WHAT IS HEALING?
8
2.2. HEALING SPACES
8
2.3. HEALING AND HEALTH OR WELLNESS RESORT -NEED TO STUDY
8
2.4. BIOPHILIA AND WELLBEING
9
2.5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN SENSES AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
10
2.6. LOCAL ARCHITECTURE - KOTI BANAL (PLACE BASED VERNACULAR DIMENSION) 11 3. SITE ANALYSIS
14
3.1. SITE LOCATION -TEHRI GARHWAL
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3.2. SITE CONNECTIVITY
16
3.3. CONTEXT AND SITE CHARACTER
17
3.3.1. Population and Communities
17
3.3.2. Seismology and geology
18
3
3.3.3. Landslide susceptibility
19
3.3.4. Geology
19
3.3.5. Soil typology
19
3.3.6. landslide control techniques
20
3.3.7. Building bye- laws
21
3.3.8. Site topography
23
3.3.9. Existing Vegetation
26
3.3.10. Design considerations on slope
27
3.4 CLIMATE ANALYSIS
28
3.4.1. Temperature
28
3.4.2. Rainfall
29
3.4.3. Snowfall
30
3.4.4. Cloud & humidity
30
3.4.5. Sun path diagram and shadow analysis
31
3.4.6. Sun hours & sun days
31
3.4.7. Wind direction
32
3.4.8. Inferences and design strategies
33
3.4.9. Building facade Roof: ”
35
3.4.10. Climate analysis inference map
36
4. CASE STUDIES
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4.1 TAJ RISHIKESH, UTTARAKHAND
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4.1.1 Location
37
4.1.2 Objective of case study
37
4.1.3 Project overview
38
landscape elements
41
4.2 AYURVEDA GRAM ,BANGALORE
50
4.2.1. Location
50
4.2.2. Objective and validity of the case study
50
4.3.3. Project overview
52
4
Literature case study
62
4.3. SHREYAS RETREAT, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
62
4.3.1. Location
62
4.3.3. Project overview- About the site
63
4.4. VEDIC VILLAGE, KOLKATA
73
4.4.1. Location
73
4.4.2. Objective of case study
73
4.4.3. Project overview
74
4.5. Comparative analysis
78
5. Area programme and data collection
79
6. Concept development
85
Biophilic design
87
Principles of biophilic design
87
7. Design development
91
Site plan
91
Main entry block
92
Elevations of main entry block
96
Residential area plan
98
Site sections
99
Room layouts
100
Premium rooms
100
villas
101
Suites
102
Deluxe rooms
103
Therapy areas
104
Panchakarma therapy
105
Naturopathy and Hydrotherapy
105
Bibliography
107
ANNEXURE I – DESIGN PRESENTATION
108
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ANNEXURE II – COMMENTS
109
ANNEXURE III – SIMILARITY REPORT
110
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Dimensions of wellness ............................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: Dimensions of Biophilic design ...................................................................................10 Figure 3: Detail of a typical Kothi house ....................................................................................12 Figure 4: View of a two storied and one storied house ..............................................................13 Figure 5: Map of India ...............................................................................................................14 Figure 6: view of Tehri lake area ...............................................................................................15 Figure 7: View of Old Tehri submerged .....................................................................................15 Figure 8: Connectivity Map........................................................................................................16 Figure 9: Site location ...............................................................................................................16 Figure 10: Site Surroundings.....................................................................................................17 Figure 11: Major Landmarks .....................................................................................................17 Figure 12: Seismic zone map ....................................................................................................18 Figure 13: Geology Map............................................................................................................19 Figure 14: Landslide susceptibility map .....................................................................................19 Figure 15: Types of Retaining walls ..........................................................................................20 Figure 16: Benching of slope & drainage...................................................................................21 Figure 17: Maximum height of building ......................................................................................21 Figure 18: Site setbacks............................................................................................................22 Figure 19: Site topography Map ................................................................................................23 Figure 20: Slope aspect Map ....................................................................................................23 Figure 21: Slope percentage Map .............................................................................................24 Figure 22: Vegetation, Hydrology, site topography mapping .....................................................25 Figure 23: Design considerations on slope................................................................................27 Figure 24: Koppen Classification Map of India ..........................................................................28 Figure 25: Temperature Graph..................................................................................................29 Figure 26: Rainfall graph ...........................................................................................................29 Figure 27: Snowfall data ...........................................................................................................30 Figure 28: Cloud and Humidity data ..........................................................................................30 Figure 29: Sun path Diagrams ..................................................................................................31 Figure 30: Sun hours and sun days...........................................................................................32 Figure 31: Wind wheel ..............................................................................................................32 Figure 32: wind direction ...........................................................................................................32 Figure 33: Sun shadow analysis ...............................................................................................33 Figure 34: South Facing slope ..................................................................................................33 7
Figure 35: Clustered design ......................................................................................................33 Figure 36: street width...............................................................................................................34 Figure 37: reflective surfaces ....................................................................................................34 Figure 38: Sunspaces ...............................................................................................................34 Figure 39: compact form ...........................................................................................................34 Figure 40: Skylight ....................................................................................................................34 Figure 41: south facing living areas ...........................................................................................34 Figure 42: climate analysis inference map ................................................................................36 Figure 43: Location on India Map ..............................................................................................37 Figure 44: location of resort in Rishikesh...................................................................................38 Figure 45: Site zoning, Taj, Rishikesh .......................................................................................39 Figure 46: Site topography ........................................................................................................39 Figure 47: Site Plan, Taj, Rishikesh ..........................................................................................40 Figure 48: Materials ..................................................................................................................41 Figure 49: Use of local techniques ............................................................................................41 Figure 50: Stone steps, trees were conserved, pebbles ............................................................41 Figure 51: stone seating’s and stone wall..................................................................................42 Figure 52: Lush green garden space and pathways ..................................................................42 Figure 53: grass, pebbles and stone .........................................................................................42 Figure 54: Zoning of main block ................................................................................................43 Figure 55: Plan..........................................................................................................................43 Figure 56: Front elevation .........................................................................................................43 Figure 57: service entry and basement parking .........................................................................43 Figure 58: Pick and drop service and LT panel in the basement ...............................................44 Figure 59: Lift, ramp and staff entry...........................................................................................44 Figure 60: Open air restaurant ..................................................................................................44 Figure 61: Courtyard, baggage scanning, sunspaces ...............................................................45 Figure 62: banquet, lockers, staff dinning and resting rooms.....................................................45 Figure 63: room layout and views .............................................................................................46 Figure 64: Spa zoning ...............................................................................................................47 Figure 65: schematic section of spa ..........................................................................................47 Figure 66: Use of skylights for light ...........................................................................................48 Figure 67: Gym, Yoga pavilion, waiting area .............................................................................48 Figure 68: relaxing zone, therapy room view and layout............................................................48 Figure 69: Open shower and kids play area ..............................................................................49 Figure 70: pizza bar layout and view .........................................................................................49 Figure 71: location and connectivity ..........................................................................................50 8
Figure 72: Site plan. Ayurvedagram ..........................................................................................51 Figure 73: Elements of traditional Kerala homes .......................................................................53 Figure 74: Site zoning ...............................................................................................................55 Figure 75: layout plan and views from exterior and interior .......................................................56 Figure 76: layout plan, exterior view, poultry farm .....................................................................56 Figure 77: layout plan, gym, silent zone ....................................................................................57 Figure 78: layout of library and OAT..........................................................................................57 Figure 79: Table tennis, reading area, amphitheater .................................................................57 Figure 80: view of courtyard and exterior ..................................................................................58 Figure 81: Layout plan ..............................................................................................................58 Figure 82: Layout of restaurant and hall ....................................................................................58 Figure 83: view of restaurant and hall .......................................................................................58 Figure 84: Layout plan, view of courtyard, yoga hall, room and corridor ....................................59 Figure 85: layout and view of room ...........................................................................................59 Figure 86: layout of heritage rooms and suites ..........................................................................59 Figure 87: view of exterior, view of open garden, bathroom, room ............................................60 Figure 88: Location and connectivity .........................................................................................62 Figure 89: Site plan, Shreyas Retreat .......................................................................................63 Figure 90: Various elements of design ......................................................................................64 Figure 91: View of Machan and tented room .............................................................................65 Figure 92: Site zoning ...............................................................................................................66 Figure 93: Area and connectivity of spaces ...............................................................................66 Figure 94: Spa block plans ........................................................................................................67 Figure 95: Spa sections ............................................................................................................67 Figure 96: views of spa block ....................................................................................................68 Figure 97: form development ....................................................................................................68 Figure 98: view of therapy room and salon................................................................................69 Figure 99: view of curio shop and massage room .....................................................................69 Figure 100: view of paved walkways, bio- swales, unpaved walkways and steps......................70 Figure 101: view of semi-open yoga pavilion, indoor yoga hall and amphitheatre .....................70 Figure 102: view of meditation pods, machans..........................................................................71 Figure 103: view of bedroom, poolside area, bathroom .............................................................71 Figure 104: room layout ............................................................................................................71 Figure 105: view of living area, bathroom, bedroom ..................................................................72 Figure 106: room layout- garden cottage...................................................................................72 Figure 107: view of open bath, room and outside seating .........................................................72 Figure 108: Location of Vedic village .........................................................................................73 9
Figure 109: Site plan .................................................................................................................73 Figure 110: view of earth villas ..................................................................................................75 Figure 111: view of lake ............................................................................................................75 Figure 112: view of pool ............................................................................................................75 Figure 113: view of entrance .....................................................................................................75 Figure 114: site circulation ........................................................................................................76 Figure 115: plan of entry block ..................................................................................................77 Figure 116: view of entry block and restaurants ........................................................................77 Figure 117: area percentage division ........................................................................................81 Figure 118: intangible aspect of wellness ..................................................................................85 Figure 119: tangible aspect of wellness ....................................................................................86 Figure 120: various elements of nature used in design .............................................................88 Figure 121: view of meditation pod............................................................................................89 Figure 122: view of pool ............................................................................................................89 Figure 123: view from infinity pool .............................................................................................89 Figure 124: view from villa ........................................................................................................89 Figure 125: view of room interior ...............................................................................................89 Figure 126: public fire place ......................................................................................................89 Figure 127: initial site zoning .....................................................................................................90 Figure 128:Ground floor plan ....................................................................................................92 Figure 129: Parking plan ...........................................................................................................93 Figure 130: service floor plan ....................................................................................................94 Figure 131: first floor plan .........................................................................................................95 Figure 132: south/ front elevation ..............................................................................................96 Figure 133: east side elevation .................................................................................................96 Figure 134: plan of premium room block .................................................................................100 Figure 135: front elevation ......................................................................................................100 Figure 136: section .................................................................................................................100 Figure 137: plan of villas .........................................................................................................101 Figure 138: front elevation ......................................................................................................101 Figure 139: section .................................................................................................................101 Figure 140: plan of suites cluster ............................................................................................102 Figure 141: front elevation ......................................................................................................102 Figure 142: section .................................................................................................................102 Figure 143: plan and elevation ................................................................................................103 Figure 144: Section .................................................................................................................104 Figure 145: upper level plan ....................................................................................................105 10
Figure 146: Plans at lower level ..............................................................................................106
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Relation between sense and built environment ...........................................................11 Table 2: Schedule at Ayurveda gram ........................................................................................53
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.1. What is wellness? An act of practicing healthy habits on daily basis to attain a better physical and mental outcome.
WHO defines health as: “As a complete state of physical, mental and social well- being.”
Figure 1: Dimensions of wellness
(Source: Author)
1.1.2. Wellness tourism “Wellness Tourism is a term used to describe the rapidly growing practice of travelling across international borders to seek Wellness & Medical services. India attracts patients from all over the world. The indigenous or traditional healthcare practices like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy, and Yoga provide uniqueness. According to a study, the global wellness tourism industry is estimated at $439 billion, representing 14 percent of all tourism spending. India holds an advantage as a Wellness Tourism destination” 1.1.3. Yoga & Ayurveda “India’s wellness offerings include yoga, meditation and Ayurveda, these things are really resonating with people. People in the West have a lot of interest in the Indian system of medicine such as Ayurveda and yoga. Yoga & meditation helps people to detoxify themselves and be in a state of mindfulness. Visitors coming to India for wellness-based trips, often spend a fair amount of time visiting here, learning about the ancient arts of yoga and meditation, as well as Ayurveda. Thus, it is providing an opportunity to earn a good amount of foreign exchange.”
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1.1.4. What is a wellness resort? A wellness resort is combination of various recreational activities where people come for relaxation. To undergo various types of treatments to relax, refresh and rejuvenate their mind and bodies. They are the luxury resort that offer wellness facilities such as a spa, fitness Centre, mediation and yoga area etc.
1.1.5. Why people go there? An ancient tradition Since ancient time people use to visit to mountains or forest in search of their soul or to meditate A break from reality A retreat usually a place to take a break from your busy schedule or overcome some kind of mental stress. The place like these help people to develop new hobbies which they can practice back home
A place to seek comfort It is place where you can seek comfort and take consultation from health experts. Whether through yoga or meditation, stress management etc. A variety of pursuits There is a misconception that wellness resort are only the places for silence and peace and are boring but there are variety of options like physical exercise, cooking session, music sessions
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1.1.6. Difference between a wellness resort and other resorts Quality vs. Quantity “The main difference between the two is that wellness resort is intimate and personalized, focusing on your individual needs and goals. Other resort is there to cater for a greater number, providing as much all-round wellness as possible. Guided by wellness experts, a wellness resort aims to help individuals with tailored treatments. At other resort, the aim is to provide a healthy and happy experience to lots of customers with more generalized treatments.” Luxury accommodation On a wellness resort, the focus is your personal healing and renewal, and the accommodation will mirror that. Offering the most healing experience possible, a wellness resort may see you retreating to your own secluded private villa, whilst other resort will typically confine you to a luxurious, but encompassed hotel room.
Healthy cuisine & personalized nutrition “On a wellness resort, a personalized diet will be tailored to your personal goals and body’s needs, following professional consultations and evaluations. Ensuring that you are achieving the best result for your body, individual diet plans will vary, depending on your weight, stress-levels, emotional stability and so on. Other resort will have multiple restaurants that serve a choice of meals from set dining menus, with small changes being made only for specific dietary requirements.” Professional wellness guidance Whilst a wellness resort offers the continued presence and guidance of wellness experts through a focused programme, other resort leaves you largely to your own devices and preferences. A wellness resort has much consistent guidance to achieve a particular health goal.
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1.2. PROJECT BRIEF The proposed project is a wellness resort that provides an extensive range of treatments with world class amenities would be a suitable project. Offering a unique blend of traditional skills and practices passed on by generations with modern high-end luxury, this project comes as a perennial choice for an enriching holiday with benefits of Ayurveda, yoga and meditation. Offering a unique Ayurveda experience to its guests from pan India and across the world, the retreat provides perfect location. The Ayurveda Centre will have trained doctors and therapists who provide the right treatments and services whereas the Yoga Centre is perfect for practicing various postures and breathing exercises. This resort will provide indoor and outdoor recreational activities. PROPOSED SPORTS, ADVENTURE, LEISURE & ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE THE AREA • Powered Paragliding • Sky Bridge • Jet skiing • Iconic Statues • Cycling on Rough Terrain • Camping along the Lake • Rejuvenation and Wellness Spas • Nature Parks • Yoga/ Meditation Centers • Home Stays • Nature trails • Art & Craft Haat EXISTING TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AT TEHRI LAKE • Rajiv Gandhi Adventure Academy • Floating Jetties and Associated Infrastructure including speed boats, parasailing dock, paras-ail and 02 Water Taxies • Vehicle Barge About the project - proposed wellness resort Authorities: State Infrastructure & Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd. (SIIDCUL), Uttarakhand tourist development board Applicable bylaws: SIDA (UBBL-2016) Uttarakhand Project cost: 100.5 crore
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Room tariffs: 12,000- 20,000 INR/ day/ room Category:5-star resort Project requirements – 100 key resort • Deluxe room- 50 keys, premium rooms- 30 keys, family suites- 20 keys •Restaurants (including kitchen and storage) – 30 Pax • Yoga and meditation hall (2 halls)- 75 Pax • Pool with natural surroundings • Multipurpose hall – 200 pax • Gym, spa, stem, sauna and jacuzzi • Fitness and gaming zone •Panchakarma, naturopathy and treatment Centre- 4 nos.
1.3. WHY A WELLNESS RESORT? Wellbeing is fast becoming one of the hottest buzzwords in design. can we truly design buildings and places that bring out the best in people? Wellbeing requires an ongoing partnership, something that happens in concert between people and place. Some of these partnerships are physical and ecological, such as access to healthy food, and being in nature, while others are social and psychological, such as community and having positive emotions. I have explored these psychological parameters in my seminar and used those elements in my design.
1.4. AIM The main aim of this project is to design a wellness resort based on the context to provide a retreat for the people
1.5. OBJECTIVES • • • •
To study analyse the functioning of wellness resort. To provide a healing and healthy environment to have unique user experience. To design a therapy to renew the ancient science of Ayurveda and yoga augmented with a delicate blend of international spa therapies, luxury and tourism. To design landscape and outdoor activities to engage people and sooth their mind and body.
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1.6. METHODOLOGY
Literature study
Site study
Case study
Background study, data collection, project requirements
Site analysis
Case study releveant to project and comparitive analysis
Inferences
Concept developement
Pre-liminary design stage
Design development Final design
(Source: Author)
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2. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1. INTRODUCTION- WHAT IS HEALING? As defined by World health organization healing is “state of complete physical, mental and social well- being”. Healing is a process of revitalizing the human being. It is many times confused with medical healing but the person who is suffering from any kind of disease does not only requires healing. Sometimes the disease can be psychological too like stress, depression. Such type of a people also requires a healing environment to overcome it.
2.2. HEALING SPACES Dr. Esther M. Stenberg define healing spaces in her book “healing spaces- The science of place and well-being” to the spaces within our lives that speak to inner peace and wellbeing. Healing is a psychological process it not only involves medication but the spaces also. Living in a dark, cramped, crowed place where noise is constant and in isolation will make one feel stressed. This slows down the healing process. Whenever you are under course of healing your physical surroundings can change the way you feel. Just as healing is a process so is sense of place. Our perception of place changes with the physical elements of the space. She also defines healing spaces as the place that will provide rejuvenation and health, a place which should be quite different from traditional places. There is a need for such land marks which not only provides you medical treatment but mental and psychological treat too.
2.3. HEALING AND HEALTH OR WELLNESS RESORT -NEED TO STUDY Wellness is practiced since ancient times when people use to go to mountains to meditate and perform yoga. In ancient Hindu culture rishi muni also use to travel to the forest area for Dhyana and meditation. Since then nature is being used a healing element and it draws people to it. Practice of healing through nature brings focus on the senses of human beings and elements of Ayurveda like air, water, earth etc. India is also famous for its traditional Ayurveda techniques and yoga and meditation. Every year man people travel around the world for medical tourism some for taking a
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break from reality, some for treatment of physical disease and some for combating the mental stress and anxiety. The need to this study lies in the fact of understanding the psychological needs of people and how architecture can fill the gap and create a space where the mind and body can relax, pain in mind and body is no more felt, space that can create a happy atmosphere and soothe the soul.
2.4. BIOPHILIA AND WELLBEING Biophilic design is the intrinsic human tendency to relate to natural environment and process known as biophilia in the designing of built environment. (Wilson and Kellert 1993). From a research done by Kellert in 2005, Having contact to nature was found to improve the healing from severe illness whether having a direct or indirect contact with nature. Also, the people who stay near open and green spaces were found to have less social and health problems. like having a natural lighting in the office environment trends to improve the performance of the employees. Contact with nature has been linked to cognitive functioning on tasks requiring concentration and memory. The human brain responds functionally to sensory patterns and cues emanating from the natural environment.
He identified the two-basic dimension of biophilic design. First one is organic or naturalistic dimension which indicates the forms and shapes in nature that directly, indirectly and symbolically reflects the human relation to the nature. Direct contact relates to unstructured contact with the already existing natural environment such as plant, animals, daylight etc.
Indirect contacts relate to when there is human involvement
required to enhance the interaction between nature and human such as some artificial water pond or fountain. Symbolic aspects relate to symbolic representation of nature into the environment without having contact with nature. The second dimension of biophilic design is vernacular or place based. Which mean that the building should relate to the ecology and culture of the place. Which included spirit or sense of a place.
Benefits of biophilic design are that it requires continuous and sustained connection with nature. It focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that has over time improved people’s health and wellbeing. It initiates an emotional connection to a setting or a place.
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It initiates a positive interaction between people and nature that leads to a sense of responsibility for the human and natural communities.
First dimension
Organic or naturalistic
Second dimension
Place based vernacular dimension
Biophillic design
Figure 2: Dimensions of Biophilic design
(Source: Author)
2.5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN SENSES AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT There are various elements that influences or promotes healing in human beings which are perceived through sensory organs such as eyes, nose, ears and hands. Human perceives their surrounding environment through various senses like sight, hearing, touch and smell. These sensory factors are the major elements of built environment to provide or create a stress releasing or healing spaces. Because these are the most important factors in any built environment and when designed properly based on these factors can result in healing and a better user experience. So, these elements should be deeply understood in relation to the built environment which can be used in the design of healing spaces.
Principles
Human senes
Elements/ applications
Elements of built environment
WELLNESS RESORT, TEHRI, UTTRAKHAND
Outcomes
Healing/ wellness
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Table 1: Relation between sense and built environment
senses sight sound
Elements of built environment related to them Landscape, views, colors, light
smell
Falling water, birds chirping, sound of insects Aroma gardens
touch
Materials and texture
(Source: Author)
2.6. LOCAL ARCHITECTURE - KOTI BANAL (PLACE BASED VERNACULAR DIMENSION) “The region in the Himalayan states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh (Northern India) exhibits an elaborate tradition of constructing multi-storeyed houses. In the Rajgarhi area of Uttarkashi district (Uttarakhand) a large number of intact buildings of the distinct construction type known as Koti Banal can be found. Koti Banal is the name of a village in the Yamuna Valley which represents the traditional knowledge and understanding of earthquake effects on buildings and their earthquake resistant design.” The buildings are mostly found in the northern part of the state of Uttarakhand and southern part of the state of Himachal Pradesh.
Architectural aspects
The buildings are mostly erected separately without any building in the immediate vicinity. Especially those located in the villages are built closer. Typical distance from a neighbouring building is 2-4 m
Built character
The buildings are generally very simple and rectangular in plan with length and width varying between 4 and 8 meters. Typical plan shapes of a single- and a two-unit construction, respectively. Internal walls only exist in the 2-unit buildings separating the main living area on each floor at the buildings rear side from a vestibule at the front
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Wooden cantilevered balconies ” The upper floors additionally, have external balconies (wooden veranda) which are constructed with a wooden railing running around the whole building. The balconies are supported by cantilevering wooden logs of the flooring system.”
Raised platforms ” Generally, the buildings rest upon a raised and elaborated stone-filled platform out of dry-stone masonry which is the continuation of the foundation trench made of field and rubble stones. The height of the platform varies between 2 and 4 m above the ground.
In the lower part, the walls consist of a wooden cribbage configuration with orthogonally arranged wooden logs interconnected at the junctions by wooden pins/tenons (Gujja Khoonta). For the two bottommost layers single wooden logs while for the upper layers double wooden logs are used”
Figure 3: Detail of a typical Kothi house
(Source: Internet)
Structural system ” The thickness of the walls is determined by the thickness of the two-parallel arranged wooden logs which is mostly between 50 and 60 cm.
The structure is further reinforced by wooden beams which are perpendicular attached to the wooden logs at the middle of the walls connecting two parallel outer walls. These beams provide
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the joists supporting the floorboards of each story.
The walls parallel to the floor beams are supported in out of plane action by providing a large timber log, longer than the building dimension and having holes at the two ends. A vertical member (shear key) having length equal to several storey heights, is inserted into the hole which provides support to the walls in out-of-plane direction”
Figure 4: View of a two storied and one storied house
(Source: Internet)
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3. SITE ANALYSIS 3.1. SITE LOCATION -TEHRI GARHWAL ” Tehri Garhwal District is located at the western boundary of Uttarakhand. Located on the external range of the Middle Himalaya Mountains, Tehri Garhwal encompasses low lying peaks rising closely with the plains of the Northern India. Tehri garhwal district lies between the latitude of 30° 3’ n to 30° 53’ n and 77°56’E to 79° 04’ E longitude. River Bhagirathi divides the district roughly in to two parts. The districts bordering Tehri Garhwal are Uttarkashi in the north, Garhwal in the south, Rudraprayag in east and Dehradun in west”
Madan Negi
” The proposed site is located in New Tehri in Madan Negi which is a small town located on other side of the lake. Very close to Rishikesh, which is known as “Yoga Capital of the World”, also attracts pilgrims across the country. The site overviews one of the largest lakes. The site is in the close proximity to the one of the Asia’s largest earthen Dam i.e. Tehri Dam, which itself attracts tourists across the globe. The site is accessible by three modes of transport, i.e. Road, Boat &Ropeway. The ropeway connecting one bank to the other of Tehri Lake. In the vicinity there is an adventure sports academy offering various courses”
(Source: Internet) Figure 5: Map of India
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Tehri lake and Tehri dam The Tehri Lake is Asia’s largest manmade lake, which is 260 meters deep. It is a manmade reservoir built at the back of the tallest dam in India at a height of 261 meter and the Fourth tallest dam in the world. The dam creates a reservoir of 2.6 cubic kilometres with a surface area of 52 square kilometres. The Lake has tremendous potential to become a National hub for eco-tourism and adventure tourism including water sports activities. New tehri and Old tehri ” Tehri was a small town situated on the confluence of Bhagirathi and Bhilangna Rivers in
Uttarakhand. This town got submerged in the water to create a large catchment area and this way the town of Old Tehri became The Tehri Lake, Asia’s largest man-made lake. The town of Tehri was evacuated to make space for the Tehri dam, and the population has been shifted to the town of New Tehri. It is a planned new town situated at a height of about 1550 m above sea level”
Figure 6: view of Tehri lake area
Figure 7: View of Old Tehri submerged
(Source: Internet)
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3.2. SITE CONNECTIVITY
Figure 8: Connectivity Map
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author) Figure 9: Site location
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3.3. CONTEXT AND SITE CHARACTER 3.3.1. Population and Communities ” In 2011, Tehri Garhwal had population of 618,931 of which male and female were 297,986 and
320,945 respectively. In 2001 census, Tehri Garhwal had a population of 604,747 of which males were 295,168 and remaining 309,579 were females.
Uttarakhand has been blessed with a rich culture. From ghagra dresses of women to the delicious Phaanu dish and from Langvir Nritya to the Jhodas folk songs, everything binds the people here. The beliefs and lifestyles of Kumaoni and Garhwali people dominate the culture. Apart from these two prominent ethnic groups, the place is a home for Jaunsari, Buksha, Tharu, Bhotia and Raji ethnic groups. Most people of Uttarakhand prefer to stay in stale roofed houses and terraced fields.”
Site surroundings and major landmarks
Figure 10: Site Surroundings
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author) Figure 11: Major Landmarks
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3.3.2. Seismology and geology Slope The reservoir is bounded by moderate to steep slopes which support settlements, forest land, crop land, etc. This area is represented by cliffs, ridges, spurs, deeply dissected valleys, welldeveloped terraces and abrupt sharp slopes. Ridges and spurs are occupied by dense to sparse forests. Moderate slopes are generally supported by agricultural lands, plantation and settlements.
Drainage
The area is drained by a typical mountainous drainage pattern such as parallel, sub-parallel and sub-dendrite patterns.
Reservoir
The huge reservoir is filled during monsoon season and dries out substantially in the summer season.
Figure 12: Seismic zone map
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(Source: Internet)
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3.3.3. Landslide susceptibility The Tehri reservoir rim area is located in the highly undulating terrain of the Lesser Himalaya.
The reservoir rim area refers to the area bounding the reservoir. The area around the lake is vulnerable to landslides due to the sliding foothills into water. Regular heavy rainfall makes the hill slopes weaker.
The site lies in moderated risk of landslide. Thus, landslide preventions are required.
Figure 13: Geology Map Figure 14: Landslide susceptibility map
3.3.4. Geology
The olive green and grey phyllites interbedded and finely interbedded with metasiltstone and very fine grained wackes, with local metavolcanics, constitute the Chandpur formation. The lithology of Chandpur formation represents mildly metamorphosed flysch, but it is certainly not turbidite. 3.3.5. Soil typology
Lower slope (600- 1000m) are occupied by a mixture of alluvial soil with boulders of varying dimensions. Recent alluvium and loose boulders are more prone to mass movement owing to less compaction and high moisture. Old alluvial deposit seen as terraces in different levels adjoining the river courses on either side particularly on the left side are more stable because of high compaction and high friction.
Soil bearing capacity of alluvial soil, loam, sandy loam (clay and 40-70 % sand) is 80- 160 KN/ m3
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3.3.6. landslide control techniques Retaining wall
Retaining wall is provided to the downside of the road. They used for support artificial cutting or slope. They are constructed on valley side of road. Breast wall
Breast walls are constructed on hill side and retaining walls are constructed on valley side of road. Breast walls are designed keeping in view surcharge loading. Breast wall are made to retain the natural slope. Timber crib, dry stone masonry walls may be provided for hill slope angle less than 30⁰ and, height less than 4 m in low volume roads. These are not suitable for terrace development because of short life. Cement masonry, RCC walls, Gabion walls shall be considered for high volume roads, high cut slopes and terraces. These are also suitable for hill slope angles from 30⁰ to 60⁰, where higher walls are needed.
(Source: Internet) Figure 15: Types of Retaining walls
Benching of slope
This method involves straight slopes separated by near horizontal bench. Benching increases stability of slopes by dividing the long slope into segments or smaller slopes connected by benches, the proper width of bench shall be estimated by analysis of stability of slopes for a given soil.
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Surface drainage
Control of surface water consists of two main parts: a) the collection of run-offs at the uphill boundary of any unstable area,
b) maximizing run-off from the unstable area and controlling and collecting the run-off. Catch water or interceptor drains, side drains and cross-drains constitute some of the important types of drains used in a system of surface drainage.
Figure 16: Benching of slope & drainage
(Source: Internet)
3.3.7. Building bye- laws Building category: resort (hilly region, commercial)
F.A.R = 0.90
Maximum ground coverage: 30%
Site area= 105,739 sq. m (26.12 acre)
Permissible ground coverage = 31, 721. 7 sq.
Maximum built up area= 95,165.1 sq. m
Setbacks for plot area above 3000 sq. m on hilly area
Figure 17: Maximum height of building
(Source: Author)
Front: 9m, Back: 6m, side1: 6m, side 2: 6m
Minimum approach roach width = 7.5 m
The maximum permissible height [including stilts]
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1.5 X total of width of road + front setback or upto 6.00 mt. eaves level, (whichever is more).
The maximum height of the building shall be 12.0 mt. or four floors.
or the maximum height of the building shall be as allowed by the F.A.R.
Figure 18: Site setbacks
Source: Internet)
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3.3.8. Site topography
Figure 19: Site topography Map
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author) Figure 20: Slope aspect Map
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Figure 21: Slope percentage Map
(Source: Author)
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Figure 22: Vegetation, Hydrology, site topography mapping
(Source: Author)
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3.3.9. Existing Vegetation
chir forest: In both Garhwal and Kumaun, chir pine is abundant. These forests ordinarily extend on the southern aspects from 1,000 m. to 2,150 m. and on the northern aspects from 900 m. to 2,000 m. throughout the district, growing best in the valleys of the Bhillangana river and its tributaries.
Cheedh,Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii)
Chir pine is a large evergreen tree. This large pine native to the Himalayas is an important forestry tree in Asia. Trees Knowing the Species up to 55 m in height and 3.5 m in girth. The chir is tapped for resin and its wood is used for building purposes. The seed also yields oil and, when baked, it becomes edible. The dry leaves are- utilised for manuring.
Shisham, Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia Sissoo)
Dalbergia sissoo is a medium to large tree of about 10 to 15 m metres high in dry areas, and up to 30 m in wet areas. It is a deciduous tree. Common Uses: Fine furniture, musical instruments, veneer, turned and other specialty wood objects. Tree Size: 100 ft (30 m) tall, 2-4 ft (.6-1.2 m) trunk diameter, 2-3 meter in foilage diameter. Indian Rosewood holds many medicinal properties. Rosewood oil stimulates new cell growth, regenerate tissues, and heps minimize lines and wrinkles. It helps balance both dry and oily skin. It can prove useful against acne.
Banyan tree
The mulberry family (Moraceae) native to the Indian subcontinent. The banyan reaches a height up to 30 metres (100 feet) and spreads laterally indefinitely. Various parts of this plant are considered medicinal. The bark of this therapeutically valuable tree is attributed with tonic, astringent,cooling and diuretic properties in Ayurveda. The banyan tree have religious as well as spiritual imporatnce in Indian culture.
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3.3.10. Design considerations on slope
Figure 23: Design considerations on slope
(Source: Internet)
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3.4 CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Figure 24: Koppen Classification Map of India
(Source: Internet)
Köppen climate classification- humid sub-tropical climate
C: Temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C, and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C but greater than –3 °C
w: Precipitation in driest month of the winter half of the year less than one-tenth of the amount in the wettest month of the summer half
b: temperature of each of four warmest months 10 °C or above but warmest month less than 22 °C
3.4.1. Temperature minimum temperature (December 2019): 5⁰ maximum temperature (June 2019): 34⁰
coldest months
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January (Max: 14⁰, Avg:10⁰, Min: 6⁰) February (Max: 15⁰, Avg:11⁰, Min: 7⁰) November (Max: 20⁰, Avg:16⁰, Min: 11⁰) December (Max: 15⁰, Avg:11⁰, Min: 5⁰) Warmest months May (Max: 30⁰, Avg:26⁰, Min: 17⁰) June (Max: 34⁰, Avg:30⁰, Min: 21⁰) July (Max: 27⁰, Avg:25⁰, Min: 20⁰)
Figure 25: Temperature Graph
(Source: Internet)
3.4.2. Rainfall
Figure 26: Rainfall graph
(Source: Internet)
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maximum rainfall: 566.6 mm (31 days in August) Minimum rainfall: 3.4 mm (7 days in November) maximum rainfall in month of July, August, September (Monsoon Season) least rainfall in month of November
3.4.3. Snowfall 13.2 cm in February for 2 days 9.2 cm in January for 1 day
Figure 27: Snowfall data
(Source: Internet)
3.4.4. Cloud & humidity Maximum humidity in august (83%), September (83%), July (73%) Maximum cloud percentage in August (62%)
(Source: Internet Figure 28: Cloud and Humidity data
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3.4.5. Sun path diagram and shadow analysis
(Source: Internet) Figure 29: Sun path Diagrams
3.4.6. Sun hours & sun days Minimum amount of sunlight received in months of January, February, August and September due to winters and in monsoon due to sky covered with clouds.
Maximum amount of sunlight in winters is received in months of November and December.
summer months of April, May and June also receives maximum sun.
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Figure 30: Sun hours and sun days
(Source: Internet)
3.4.7. Wind direction
The predominant wind direction is from north- north east to south west
Figure 31: Wind wheel
Figure 32: wind direction
(Source: Internet)
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Figure 33: Sun shadow analysis
(Source: Author)
3.4.8. Inferences and design strategies Location: In cold weather, warmth of building is mandatory. building block should be located on the south facing slope of a hill to have natural and direct sunlight throughout the day. Open spaces and built forms: Building blocks in cold weather conditions should be clustered together to minimize exposure to cold winds. Building can be located on the leeward site of site which will naturally acts as wind break
Figure 35: Clustered design
(Source: Internet)
Figure 34: South Facing slope
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Open space should be designed such that they allow the huge amount of sun rays into the buildings .They can be treated with a hard and reflective surface so that they reflect solar radiation onto the building.
Figure 37: reflective surfaces Figure 36: street width
Figure 38: Sunspaces
Figure 39: compact form
(Source: Internet)
Street width and orientation: the orientation of lanes should be east-west to permit maximum amount of sun into the building. The street should be designed wide enough so that the building does not shade each other by maintaining a proper solar spacing between built blocks. Compact form can reduce exposure to cold. The building should be designed such that the form is compact having small opening to prevent heat loss during cold harsh weather conditions.
(Source: Internet) Figure 41: south facing living areas
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Figure 40: Skylight
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Windows facing the south sun to allow maximum heat gain from south sun and to maintain comfort level of the user. Also, the north side can be insulated to prevent the heat loss. Living areas which are used actively should be located on the south or southwest side whereas the service areas or the store can be located on the other side or back side. Air-lock lobbies at entry of the building reduce heat loss and maintain the comfort level. The heat generated in kitchen can be used to heat up the room during winter season or chimneys could be provided.
Low on a south-facing slope to increase solar radiation; low enough to give wind protection but high enough to avoid cold air collection at the bottom of the valley. Valley winds blows uphill during the day. At night the wind blows down the valley. Surface perpendicular to the sun rays receives most radiations per unit surface area. Steeper slope generally receives more sun than flat surfaces.
3.4.9. Building facade Roof:
”False ceilings are a regular roof feature of houses in cold climates. One can also use internal insulation such as polyurethane foam (PUF), thermocol, wood wool, etc. An aluminium foil is generally used between the insulation layer and the roof to reduce heat loss to the exterior. A sufficiently sloping roof enables quick drainage of rain water and snow. A solar air collector can be incorporated on the south facing slope of the roof and hot air from it can be used for space heating purposes. Skylights on the roofs admit heat as well as light in winters. The skylights can be provided with shutters to avoid over heating in summers.” Walls: ”Walls should be of low U-value to resist heat loss. The south-facing walls (exposed to solar radiation) could be of high thermal capacity (such as Trombe wall) to store day time heat for later use. The walls should also be insulated. The insulation should have sufficient vapor barrier (such as two coats of bitumen, 300 to 600gauge polyethylene sheet or aluminium foil) on the warm side to avoid condensation. Hollow and lightweight concrete blocks are also quite suitable. On the windward or north side, a cavity wall type of construction may be adopted.
Fenestration:
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maximum window area on the southern side of the building to facilitate direct heat gain. They should be sealed and preferably double glazed. Double glazing helps to avoid heat losses during winter nights. However, care should be taken to prevent condensation in the air space between the panes. Movable shades should be provided to prevent overheating in summers.”
Colour and texture: ” The external surfaces of the walls should be dark in colour for high absorptivity to facilitate heat gains.”
3.4.10. Climate analysis inference map
Figure 42: climate analysis inference map
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(Source: Author)
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4. CASE STUDIES 4.1 TAJ RISHIKESH, UTTARAKHAND 4.1.1 Location “Taj Rishikesh Resort and Spa, Uttarakhand, which sits by the banks of the majestic Ganga and is placed right in the foothills of the Himalayas. 30 kilometres away from the world renowned spiritual & yoga capital of Rishikesh, in an introverted gentle village called Singthali, this nest of utter, gentle calm is where life takes a restful pause to meditate on things far more profound than the worldly.”
4.1.2 Objective of case study •
To understand the planning and layout of a resort on contours.
•
To understand the use of local material and architecture style.
•
To understand the functioning of 5-star spa resort.
•
To understand the services on contour site.
Figure 43: Location on India Map
(Source: Internet)
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(Source: Internet) Figure 44: location of resort in Rishikesh
(Source: Internet)
4.1.3 Project overview A gateway location to the Char Dham pilgrimage sites of Kedarnath, Badrinath and also Hemkunt Sahib. 80 rooms have panoramic views of the Ganges with its white sandy beach: Deluxe Room King Bed, Deluxe Rooms Twin bed, Premium Villa King Bed, Premium Villa Twin Bed, Junior Suite King Bed, Gangotri Villa King Bed
Rock Flour On top of the retreat, the Rock Flour with its al fresco stands like a sentinel welcoming you into its airy environs and serving up the world. All 2300 square feet of it, with provincial design flourishes, double-height ceiling and interior inspirations taken from the region’s local landmarks.
Panorama Bar Designed and built like an easy and eminently lived-in living room of a country estate, it is stocked up with the best company one can get. Plush deep sofas, a fireplace. Pebble Beach – Open-air Pizza bar The open-air Pizza bar where you soak in the sight and sounds of the gurgling Ganges a few hundred feet away, overlooks a gorgeous pebble beach. In proximity to pool and entertainment areas
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Sports Lawn (Max Capacity: 150) 1560 sq. ft. Banquet Hall with a 600 sq. ft. Pre function Area banquet hall Max Capacity: 70 A 145 square meters banquet hall, an open-air breakout area Dimension: B- 27 Ft, L: 55 Ft | Area: 145 Sq Mt | Height: 18 ft
Figure 45: Site zoning, Taj, Rishikesh
Site topography no visibility from road only roof is visible as you enter the premises from the approach road
Figure 46: Site topography
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(Source: Author)
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Figure 47: Site Plan, Taj, Rishikesh
(Source: Author)
The resort is having a scattered planning and is done in such a way so that every rooms get the view of river Ganga. The trees on site were conserved during the construction A main spinal roads take you gradually down to the pebble beach. The road is branched into room cluster which are linearly arrange along the contours keeping in mind the topography of the site. The service area is located at the top and the S.T.P is located at the lowest of point site. The site is broadly divided into 5 zones containing service zone, entrance block- welcome house, residential areas- villas, health areas- gym, spa and salon and entertainment zone- swimming pool, kids play area etc.
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construction details and materials
Figure 48: Materials
Figure 49: Use of local techniques
(Source: Author)
Local material was used during construction like use of locally available stone, wood, roof tiles. The elements of local architecture were used in design like slope roof, raised platforms, wooden bands, cantilevered balconies. The planning of resort is also done in such a way that resembles to a typical village on hills as it is scattered and has main entry block at the highest point similar to the village pattern in hills having temple or social gathering space at the topmost point. landscape elements
Figure 50: Stone steps, trees were conserved, pebbles WELLNESS RESORT, TEHRI, UTTRAKHAND
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Figure 51: stone seating’s and stone wall
Use of various landscape elements was made in design. The site is having a lot of lush green stepped landscape terraces with in between green pockets. Elements like stone seating, fire places, pebble walkways, planters and trees compliment the stone and wood adding more of a naturalistic dimension to the design.
Figure 52: Lush green garden space and pathways
Figure 53: grass, pebbles and stone
(Source: Author)
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Welcome house
Figure 54: Zoning of main block
(Source: Author)
Figure 56: Front elevation
Figure 55: Plan
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author) Figure 57: service entry and basement parking
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Figure 58: Pick and drop service and LT panel in the basement
Figure 59: Lift, ramp and staff entry
Figure 60: Open air restaurant
(Source: Author)
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Figure 61: Courtyard, baggage scanning, sunspaces
Figure 62: banquet, lockers, staff dinning and resting rooms
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Rooms typology
Figure 63: room layout and views
(Source: Author)
There are total 79 rooms and 1 villa for the manager of the resort. The rooms include Deluxe room (king, queen and twin bed) 35 sq. m area located in the main building and having balcony seating area. Premium rooms (40 sq. m) having king bed with a luxurious bathroom and shower area and a private sitout space The Junior suite (48 sq. m) having a large bedroom space and a bathroom with bath tub. The villa king bedrooms have a separate living area, bedroom and bathroom
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Jiva Spa
spread over 1858 sq. m •
Gym
•
Salon
•
Separate treatment room for male and female
•
Massage room
•
Waiting area
•
Wellness manager room
•
Service room
•
Reception
•
yoga pavilion
the jiva spa is very well know brand in terms of wellness. The whole structure of spa is earth berms with a yoga pavilion at top and entry from top and bottom as well. There are lots of skylight used to provide natural light. The spa at entry has gymnasium, salon, wellness manager room, waiting areas, separate therapy rooms for male and female. Although changing rooms were missing. There is one panchakarma therapy room with dhroni table
Figure 64: Spa zoning
Figure 65: schematic section of spa
(Source: Author)
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Figure 66: Use of skylights for light
Figure 67: Gym, Yoga pavilion, waiting area
Figure 68: relaxing zone, therapy room view and layout
(Source: Author)
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Entertainment areas
Figure 69: Open shower and kids play area
pizza bar restaurant with live kitchen
Figure 70: pizza bar layout and view
(Source: Author)
Inferences •
Building blocks are aligned along the natural contours.
•
Natural terrain and trees were maintained during the designing.
•
Segregation of public, semi-public and private activities.
•
Use of different levels to enter and exit on the site.
•
Yoga and therapy areas are facing east
•
Building blocks are arranged such that each of them gets the view of Ganges.
•
Spa and therapy areas are earth bermed
•
Massage room has no natural ventilation. It should have natural ventilation and views.
•
Provision of thermostat for controlling temperature
•
Fire place is provided for cold days & place for bonfire
•
Use of local material and depiction of local architecture and elements in the design.
•
Spa and therapy areas are located nearer to private space.
•
Entertainment zone and infinity pool is located at lower end of the site.
•
Use of lightwells to incorporate daylighting
•
South facing windows with large openings and balconies to keep the room warm
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4.2 AYURVEDA GRAM, BANGALORE 4.2.1. Location Hemandanahalli, Samethanahalli Post, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Connectivity Nearest railway station: Whitefield railway station 7.5 km Nearest metro station: Baiyappanahalli metro station 20.8 km Nearest bus stop: BMTC bus stop-6 21.8 km Nearest airport: Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru 43 km Surrounding land use and character of urban form: predominantly agriculture land
Figure 71: location and connectivity
(Source: Author)
4.2.2. Objective and validity of the case study To understand the spaces in a wellness resort
To study the functional spaces as per users
Understanding the site layout of a wellness resort
To understand the various types of therapies and their spatial requirements.
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Figure 72: Site plan. Ayurvedagram
(Source: Author)
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4.3.3. Project overview ” Taking you back by over 75 years – to Kerala’s antique Nalukettus, Kovilakams (Palace), Manas & Illams- the traditional homes of Kerala.They have carefully transplanted the ethereal homes of Kerala’s high and mighty, brick by brick, woodwork and all, to Bangalore to recreate the royalty of Kerala for a unique experience”
The site surrounded by lush landscaping from the time we enter ayurvedagram which gives a very tranquil and serene feeling to the guest.
The site is located away from the main town, surrounded by predominantly agriculture lands.Away from hustle- bustle of city. A perfect location for healing
About the site Site area: 7 acres (28, 328 sq. m) Architect: Ar. Cyrain, cochin Age operation: Since 2000 Built up area: 8000 sq. m F.A.R: 0.3 Period of construction -2000 Predominant use - heritage wellness resort 4-star ayurvedic health resort Backed by: Kerala Ayurveda gram limited (kal) Treatment at Ayurveda gram
Arthritis, Depression, Diabetes, Infertility and impotence, Lower back ache, Obesity, Constipation, Digestive disorders, Hair care, Headache, Hyperacidity, Hypertension, Psoriasis, Respiratory disorder, Sinusitis, Skin care, Spondylosis, Ulcers
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Table 2: Schedule at Ayurveda gram
Concept of design and climate considerations Kerala’s antique Nalukettus, Kovilakams (Palace), Manas & Illams- the traditional homes of Kerala, use of courtyards and water tanks, east facing entrance
Figure 73: Elements of traditional Kerala homes
(Source: Author)
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Construction and structural detail
landscape elements
(Source: Author)
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Zoning
It is linear and balanced and compliments the overall form of the site.
It is planned based on the concept of Kerala architecture.
The entire master planning is open and the built form is spread across the site the layout of the site is neither compact nor loose.
The site surrounded by lush landscaping from the time we enter Ayurveda gram which gives a very tranquil and serene feeling top the guest.
All the areas are well integrated with perfect spatial co-ordination and segregation as public, semipublic and private zones. Hence overall zoning functions seamlessly.
It has a sense of openness in terms of layout planning. The vastness of spatial organization in terms of the built form creates the perfect sense of visual regeneration as the user engages and integrates more with the surroundings landscapes and atmosphere.
Figure 74: Site zoning
(Source: Author)
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ARANMULA PALACE (250 SQ.M) Reception and administration areas are combined together since they are the mostly visitors, restrict movement and endures privacy. The waiting area is semi open for natural ventilation and fresh air.
Figure 75: layout plan and views from exterior and interior
Administration block admin block is a small building with pitched roof having 3 offices. It has a water pond in front and a poultry farm nearby.
Figure 76: layout plan, exterior view, poultry farm
(Source: Author)
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Recreational block
Figure 77: layout plan, gym, silent zone
Oat and library Amphitheatre Located in the main arterial region of the resort, this place witnesses’ regular cultural programmes and other activities of traditional beauty. It can hold 200 persons at a time.
Library The resort has a well stacked library with a view of the amphitheatre. It is also accompanied by a seating area. The Library is filled with about 500 books Figure 78: layout of library and OAT
Indoor games Indoor games include table tennis, caroms, chess, cards etc. It is naturally lit and ventilated.
Figure 79: Table tennis, reading area, amphitheater
(Source: Author)
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Treatment centre
Figure 80: view of courtyard and exterior Figure 81: Layout plan
It has room facing the courtyard. the traditional naturopathy treatments are used using traditional machine for steam 4- male, 4- female Restaurant and conference hall Capacity: 64 people (2 seated-15nos, 4-seater -8 no 6-seater – 2 nos. Conference hall with seating capacity for 75 executives
Figure 82: Layout of restaurant and hall
Figure 83: view of restaurant and hall
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(Source: Author)
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Classic room and yoga hall Total no. of classic rooms: 11, yoga hall: 20 capacity
Figure 84: Layout plan, view of courtyard, yoga hall, room and corridor
Rooms for elderly and especially abled
Figure 85: layout and view of room
heritage rooms (18 rooms) and 2 suites
Figure 86: layout of heritage rooms and suites
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(Source: Author)
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Figure 87: view of exterior, view of open garden, bathroom, room
(Source: Author)
There are only two exclusive suite cottages present within the resort An L-shaped house with one arm as the foyer supported on high ornate pillars and ornate ceilings This house also has a ‘padipura’ – A typical styled entrance. This suite has a private living room, a bedroom and a foyer and it is an independent home surrounded by a compound wall.
The heritage category of rooms reveals more character in addition to all the facilities of the classic rooms like double beds,reading writing tables,private garden,site-out and a bathroom. Some heritage rooms have an open to sky shower areas within the room.
There are totally 11 rooms classified as classic within the resort The classic rooms are well laid out with double beds, reading area. Each classic room has an attached bathroom with covered showers area.
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Inferences •Segregation of public, semi- public and private spaces in a resort. •Yoga and meditation hall should be semi- open for fresh air •Separate consultation room near the rooms for elders and especially abled with washroom designed taking in considerations the universal design •Gaming zones, badminton court and reading area is provided for the entertainment of guests. Amphitheatre act as central open space for gatherings and activities. •Use of ramps to make the building universally accessible. •Restricting vehicular movement to the entry and pedestrian movement inside the site through walkways shaded by trees
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Literature case study 4.3. SHREYAS RETREAT, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA 4.3.1. Location Santoshima Farm,Gollahalli Gate, Nelamangala, Bangalore India Connectivity Nearest railway station: KSR central railway station 34 km Nearest airport: Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru 48 km (1 hr)
4.3.2. Objective and validity of case study •
To understand the spatial and function layout of the health spaces in a wellness resort.
•
To understand the services in a health resort.
•
To understand the horizontal and vertical circulation pattern.
(Source: Author) Figure 88: Location and connectivity
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4.3.3. Project overview- About the site
Shreyas yoga retreat represents simple luxury, elegance and a secluded heaven of tranquillity. Set in 25 acres of greenery a maximum of 25 guests are cared by the staff, teachers and therapists who all practice yoga as a part of their daily lives. Shreyas endeavours to guide people on the journey of self-discovery by providing a space for reflection and introspection, yogic processes to heal and strengthen the body. The rejuvenation spa has been rated as one of the finest spas in India.
The site lies on the state highway 74 and has its access through the road adjacent to the resort. The resort is surrounded by agriculture fields and a village. It provides a livelihood to the villagers as they work in its healing and Ayurveda gardens. The natural trees inside the resort has been preserved. The resort has two entries. One for the guest and other for services.
Figure 89: Site plan, Shreyas Retreat
(Source: Internet)
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The design With only 12 accommodations spread over 25 acres of landscaped greenery, water bodies and organic gardens are able to commune with nature and benefits from its healing powers the whole design, the materials and the construction techniques are done in a way that evokes the human mind and puts it into a very tranquil state. The resort provides an environment which helps in rejuvenating wellness for its guest both mentally and physically. The architecture and the interior are a confluence of traditional and the modern; the tiled roof, antique doorway and stone pillars give way to contemporary interiors and state of art facilities. The room are well ventilated and well lit, with large windows that combine the nature with built mass. The 3-poolside cottage overlook the signature antique and pillared entrance of the resort. The garden ‘tented’ cottages are provided with a canopied roof the main block is of double floor height and has a central open courtyard with the swimming pool in the Canter stating the ultimate freshness of the guest’s health.
Figure 90: Various elements of design
(Source: Internet)
Structure
There has been a varied use of materials in the resort. In the garden cottage, the walls are made of brick but the roofing is done by a tensile material giving it a tent like appearance. The pillared entrance used both wood and stone on which creepers are laid to provide shade. There has been use of vernacular materials like bamboo and thatch as well in the construction of yoga or recreational activity decks. Glass is used as material to provide transparency between the interiors and nature.
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Figure 91: View of Machan and tented room
(Source: Internet)
Layout
The service and the staff areas have separate entrance than the guest entry. Admin block, meditation block and yoga block, treatment facility has been given different units. Cottages are placed wherever the tree cover is minimum to avoid cutting of the trees. Use of water swells for rain water harvesting.
Circulation
There are two entries to the resort. Paved and mud pathways has been provided throughout. It not only used as circulation path but also helps in providing and healing and serene environment. Bridges are used over the water swells for the movement over the water body. The circulation pattern is also designed keeping in mind the natural trees.
Services
For services separate service entry has been designed. The LT panels and the transformer yard are placed next to the service entry. For water drainage, Channelized drains are place next to the building blocks. There is no AHU units as separate air conditioner have been provided in each unit. Stores and kitchen are located next to each other. There has been use of water swells for storm water drainage. The staff and guest areas have been kept separate.
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Figure 92: Site zoning
(Source: Internet)
Figure 93: Area and connectivity of spaces
(Source: Internet)
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ANAHA SPA
Figure 94: Spa block plans
Figure 95: Spa sections
(Source: Internet)
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Figure 96: views of spa block
form development
Figure 97: form development
(Source: Internet)
spa block- design features •
Ayurveda panchakarma therapy rooms with steam rooms
•
rooms for western massage
•
Mud bath and mud therapy room.
•
Thai massage room.
•
Naturopathy are with separate rooms for hydrotherapy, acupressure and acupuncture.
•
the area of each room is 600 square feet with the views of the lush green landscaped
garden. •
two indoor Yoga pavilions are present on first floor.
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•
Gym.
•
Juice Bar.
•
Salon.
•
There is a Boutique which provide clothing
Areas for Ayurveda and Wellness. •
Herbal medicinal garden with fresh ingredients used in our scrubs and masks.
•
Changing rooms are present separately for men and women with showers, steam, sauna
facilities and Jacuzzi. •
Semi open seating and waiting areas spaces and zone for meditation.
Figure 98: view of therapy room and salon
Figure 99: view of curio shop and massage room
(Source: Internet)
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landscape
The landscape was designed to work with natural systems and processes with water as the starting point for master planning and design. A series of detention, retention ponds along with bio-swales were created that additionally served as opportunities for outdoor activities for yoga and recreation. Pavilion and deck were created for the guests near the ponds and in the landscape. The site was a coconut plantation that was suffering from an irreversible disease. Indigenous techniques were applied to improve the soil health and a variety of native trees, shrubs and grasses were planted to enhance the biodiversity.
Figure 100: view of paved walkways, bio- swales, unpaved walkways and steps
(Source: Internet)
Yoga and Meditation Hall
Yoga hall is located in middle of lush green area to have maximum views designed in such a way so that you can feel the nature while doing yoga or meditation. Hearing the sound of birds and the coconut trees. Early morning session at this place can take your mindfulness to next level.
Figure 101: view of semi-open yoga pavilion, indoor yoga hall and amphitheatre
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Machans and Meditation Huts there are meditation hut for private meditation in peace and silence and also have a private sitout ( Machan)
Figure 102: view of meditation pods, machans
Rooms
Poolside cottage - 3 nos. The pool facing villas having the view of pool in between and a central court with a outdoor jacuzzi as well.
Figure 103: view of bedroom, poolside area, bathroom
(Source: Internet)
3-bedroom cottage - 1 nos. The cottage is for large group of people or families. The cottage has one master bedroom and two small bedrooms with attached toilet and a common living area having the view of green landscape outside.
Figure 104: room layout
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Figure 105: view of living area, bathroom, bedroom
(Source: Internet)
Garden cottage- 8 nos. The garden cottage is located in a middle of a garden surfaced with a tented roof having a open air bathroom and a private outdoor seating area.
Figure 106: room layout- garden cottage
Figure 107: view of open bath, room and outside seating
Inferences •
Minimum impact on natural surrounding and preservation of natural trees.
•
Segregation of private and public areas.
•
Separate private yoga area and mediation cots
•
Covered and semi open yoga areas are also provided
•
Use of water harvesting to collect water on site which acts a water element also.
•
Separate massage room for couples, Ayurveda and western massage
•
Open bath is provided in garden cottage. The garden cottage has tent roof which is
translucent so not suitable and is also not soundproof
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4.4. VEDIC VILLAGE, KOLKATA 4.4.1. Location Rajarhat in neighbourhood of Kolkata, located in Indian state of West Bengal. Lying just on the periphery of the planned New Town, Kolkata.
SITE AREA: 18 acres.
4.4.2. Objective of case study •
To analyse and study site circulation.
•
Various elements of the health resort.
•
To understand the various materials of the theme.
•
To analyse the spatial layout of the resort.
Figure 108: Location of Vedic village
Figure 109: Site plan
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(Source: Internet)
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4.4.3. Project overview Vedic Village is an agrarian community of like-minded people living in rural and organic landscape. It consists of 200 acres of land area developed as organic farms. Besides the farms, which are individually owned but centrally managed, the centre comprises of a resort and nature health care centre. It also has a club for activities and games. These facilities are open to the farm owners, tourists living in the resort as well as external members of the club. The place is experiential in nature rather than consumptive.
Concept Built horizontally in the authentic architecture of “Bengal village”. Wholistic retreat with abundance of greenery away from the hustle of city, scenic waterfront, breath-taking landscape in the lap of nature. Vedic village spa & resort is located Vedic village, which is an agrarian community of like-minded people living in rural and organic landscape. It consists of 200 acres of land area developed as organic farms.
Features •Water bodies
• bonfires
•Spa •Green pasture
•boating
• kayaking •organic meals
•adventure
Spaces A hierarchy of open spaces for community and individual gathering and recreation are being planned. The scales are being drawn from the traditional village open squares. The major open space is planned immediately in front of the main entry. This is a large space with a lake forming the backdrop. In front is a plaza with amphitheatre and pavilions. This will hold craft melas, traditional dance and music festivals and other events to attract the tourists as well as local residents of Calcutta. Planning & architecture • Organic, natural lifestyle The village is aimed at the city folks who need a refuge away from the noise and pollution of the city. It is also an effort to create an environment that is in sync with nature as opposed to the synthetic and concrete environment prevalent in the city. It is a place where one experiences nature and works and lives with it. A place where one can see the trees change their character with the changing season, hear the birds, feel the wind and experience the outdoors. In short, all that is amiss in the day-to-day hectic and synthetic life that we lead at an everyday level. The Vedic village is to be an environment where one lives with nature without damaging it. One lives in an Eco-friendly environment.
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Water as an element The site rainwater is being channelized into a network of ponds and lakes. It is being used as a design element with leisure activities planned around it. A major water body along the main road is being isolated and treated as a perennial lake for boating.
Open spaces A hierarchy of open spaces for community and individual gathering and recreation are being planned. The scales are being drawn from the traditional village open squares. The major open space is planned immediately in front of the main entry. This is a large space with a lake forming the backdrop. In front is a plaza with amphitheatre and pavilions. This will hold craft melas, traditional dance and music festivals and other events to attract the tourists as well as local residents of Calcutta.
The farms The farms are to be owned personally but farmed communally. Approximately one - third of the site flanking the main road consists of a rural house while the balance two - thirds is farmland. One fifth of the site is a water body.
Earth villas Another part of the village is built by traditional craftsmen - in Earth. They have used “Wattle and
Daub” technique by
Figure 111: view of lake
Figure 110: view of earth villas
Figure 112: view of pool
Figure 113: view of entrance
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Figure 114: site circulation
(Source: Internet)
Circulation and Access
The resort is located inside the architectural village setting and is accessible through the main interior roads. There are two main entries to the resort, one for the direct access to the main resort and other for the access to the banquet halls. Separate parking has been provided for both of these entries. Proper corridors have been provided for the interior circulation which leads to all the major blocks and rooms. Staff circulations has been kept separate to the guest circulation. Corridors are provided in long straight stretches and for the area next to the lakes, Paved stone walkways have been provided. Separate blocks for the admin and health area have been provided.
Inferences from case study Use of water as element of design, separate entry and exit for the resort and spa area and service entry. Public areas are easily accessible by the guest and located in between. All the rooms are linearly arranged around a central courtyard or lake. Planning is a little scattered considering the movement pattern of guest and services. For this purpose, some rooms and villas are provided with a sperate kitchen area.
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Figure 115: plan of entry block
Figure 116: view of entry block and restaurants
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4.5. Comparative analysis
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5. Area programme and data collection Table 3: guest analysis
Table 4: rooms typology
Table 5: size of bed
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Table 6: size of rooms
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Site area= 26.12 acres= 105, 739 sq. m Ground coverage= 30%= 31,721.7 sq. m F.A. R= 0.90 Maximum permissible built up area= 95,165.1 sq. m
Water calculations Water requirement for room (3210 l per bed) = 320 x 100 = 32000 L Restaurant = 70 x 90 = 6300 Staff water usage= 45 x 200 = 9000 Total water requirement = 47,3000 L/ day Capacity of water tank (for 2 days) = 946 KL =(60% U.G.T, 40 % O.H.T) Waste water= 80 % of water usage = 378,400 l Sewage treatment plant requirement = 120% of waste water= 454, 080 L
Figure 117: area percentage division
(Source: Author)
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Area calculation
spaces Entrance gurad room parking entrance block entrance foyer/drop off valet station baggage scanning bell boy station reception waiting lobby( including lounge) washroom entrance block front office genral manager office accounts manager office food & beverage manager office sales manager office house keeping manager office chief engineeres room wellness and spa manager front office residential areas deluxe rooms( 25 king + 25 queen) premium rooms/villas (25 king + 5 twin) family suites( 20 suites) staff quarters( 80 people) residential areas back office staff chaging room,locker,washroom staff dinning and kitchen general adminstrative office cash office sales & purchase office IT office personnel manager office security office including ( CCTV hub) staff training room engineering and mechanical area back office therapy areas entrance lobby
standards
proposed
2.25 sq. m/person 1.5 ECS
5
1 sq. m/person 2 10 sq. m 3.7 sq.m 0.3-0.5 sq.m /room 0.9 sq. m/ guest room 23.2 sq m
100 2 10 3.7 50
15 15 15 15 15 15 15
no. of staff
remarks
2 as per coverd area
90 23.2 278.9 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 105
as/ case study
1 2 1 2
50 seats 3 M& 3 F
1 person each
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2-3% accessible 35
1790.9
42 82 15 sq. m/ person
1254.2 1652.72 1200 5897.82
0.55-0.9 sq. m /room 1 sq. m/person 0.3-0.5 sq. m /room 6 sq. m/unit 0.2-0.4 sq. m/room 6 sq. m/unit 15 10 sq. m/unit 1 sq. m/person 0.3-0.5 sq. m/room
90 100 50 12 40 12 15 50 25 50 444
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1 accessible room 1 staff per room
100 staff 10 person 2 person
10 2
2 person 1 person 5person 25 person
2 1 5 1 2
30
82
reception doctor/consultation room staff room washrooms pharmacy/ medical store waiting lounge changing room/ locker and bathrooms steam bath sauna western massage room(4) panchakarma treatment room (4) juice bar salon curio shop
93 including lounge
3 F, 2 M
three meal restaurant-(60) coffee shop/ juice and mocktail bar (30) three meal restaurant-(30) restaurants kitchen (area/ seat) goods receipts empties waste/refuse
1.9 per person
84
1.9 per person 11 11
100 128 128 12.6 28 12
28
naturopathy treatment section consultation room hydrotherpay room acupressure room acupuncture room therapy areas common activity area mediatation hall yoga hall gym reading room/library swimming pool filtration room changing rooms kids pool area kids play area gaming zone amphitheater multipurpose hall(banquet) bonfire place jogging/ cycling track entertainment areas food and beverage area
20 12 57.5 38 30 30
11 11 11
1.1 sq. m/person 1.1 sq. m/person 185
1.9 per person
as/case study as/case study as/case study
1 1
1 as/case study as/case study
as/case study
4 4 1 2 1
12 12 12 12 758.1
as/ case study as/ case study as/ case study as/ case study
1 1 1 1
82.5 82.5 200 20 150
75 pax 75 pax
1 1 1
70 25
as/case study as/case study as/ case study
as/ case study as/case study as/case study
150 1.5 sq. m/ person
300 50
100 200 pax as/case study
1130
1.5 sq. m/person
90
special health cuisine
45 lounge 51 garhwal cuisine 186 Total no. of seats= 520(restaurant + banquet + rooms+ lounge) 0.04-0.06 18.8 0.04-0.06 18.8 0.03-0.05 23.5
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1.5 sq. m/person 1.7 sq. m /person
83
1
office-store manager 0.02-0.03 supplies/waste disposal 0.13-0.20 pre-cooling room 0.02-0.04 cold meat store 0.03-0.05 dairy products store 0.02-0.03 cold vegies/fruit store 0.03-0.05 deep freeze room 0.03-0.04 cold meals/pastry store 0.02-0.03 chilled goods storage 0.16-0.21 dry goods 0.10-0.12 veg. store 0.04-0.06 daily supples 0.02-0.03 ambient storage 0.16-0.21 vegetable prep. 0.04-0.06 meal prep. 0.03-0.05 hot meals 0.15-0.21 cold meals 0.07-0.11 passteries 0.06-0.09 container washing 0.03-0.5 office-kitcehen manager 0.02-0.03 kitchen area 0.40-0.60 dishwasher 0.08-0.10 waiter's equip. 0.10-0.15 staff wahing &wc 0.28-0.30 kitchen total= services water supply 320 l/ bed sewage disposal 120% of waste water housekeeping services(laundary& store) 0.9-1.3 sq. m/room covered area 20 % for circulation total parking car parking 28 sq. m for covered total built up area
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14.1
1
9.4 141 10.4 13.5 14.1 9.4 1 47 18.8 9.4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
18.8 14.1 70.5 32.9 28.2 14.1 9.4 37.6 47 131.6 752.4 capacity capacity
946 kl 454,080 l
130 9687.22 2012 11699.22 3248 14947.22
5
116 ecs total no. of staff
84
82
6. Concept development Wellness comprises of social mental and physical bell being of a person. The environment, space as well as the surrounding people plays a important role in a social and mental well-being of a person. There are certain intangible aspects of wellness used in the design like providing social gathering spaces like bonfire, cooking sessions, music pavilions. And considering the nutrition aspect a restaurant for special health cuisine is being provided. The tangible aspect of wellness is related to the built environment and the human sense like for smell scented plants are used in landscape, use of natural material for touch, providing maximum views for vision and introducing elements of sound like water channels and fountains.
Figure 118: intangible aspect of wellness
(Source: Author)
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Figure 119: tangible aspect of wellness
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Biophilic design Indirect- Contact with nature which require human inputs to survive. ex. potted plant, water fountain Direct -Direct contact with self-sustaining features daylight, plants, animals and habitat second dimension- place based vernacular dimension Defined landscape and building that connects to the culture and ecology of a locality or geographic area Sense and spirit of a place
use of local materials and techniques
Principles of biophilic design
NATURE IN THE SPACE Visual Connection with Nature- Plants, nature, flowers and trees
Non-Visual Connection with Nature- sound, aroma or texture of outside into indoors
Non-Rhythmic Sensual Stimuli- stimulating and energizing like swaying of grass, movement of water, sound of birds and insects
Thermal / Airflow Variability- balconies, windows, natural ventilation, operable louvers and windows.
Presence of Water- water fountains, ponds, pools, falling water, still water
Dynamic and Diffused Light- light wells, fenestrations, skylights and operable windows and blinds Connection to Natural Systems- nature’s trail, aroma garden, organic farming and herbal garden.
NATURAL ANALOGUES Biomorphic Forms and Patterns- organic shapes, natural colors, spirals, curves
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Material Connection to Nature- natural stone, wood, stale tile roofs
Complexity and Order- planning and clusters of room
NATURE OF THE SPACE
Prospect- views, open floor plans, elevated planes, transparent materials. Refuge – protect, canopy beds, gazebos, arcades, walkways and porches. Mystery- labyrinths, winding paths, hidden views, nature’s trails
Risk / Peril- heights, projections and cantilevers, double height spaces
Elements of nature
Figure 120: various elements of nature used in design
(Source: Author)
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Conceptual sketches
Figure 122: view of pool
Figure 123: view from infinity pool
Figure 125: view of room interior
Figure 121: view of meditation pod
Figure 124: view from villa
Figure 126: public fire place
(Source: Author)
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Site synthesis- site zoning
(Source: Author) Figure 127: initial site zoning
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7. Design development Site plan
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Main entry block
Figure 128:Ground floor plan
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Figure 129: Parking plan
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Figure 130: service floor plan
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Figure 131: first floor plan
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Elevations of main entry block
Figure 133: east side elevation
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Figure 132: south/ front elevation
96
Sections of main entry block
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Residential area plan
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Site sections
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Room layouts Premium rooms
Figure 134: plan of premium room block
Figure 135: front elevation
Figure 136: section
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villas
Figure 137: plan of villas
Figure 139: section
Figure 138: front elevation
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Suites
Figure 140: plan of suites cluster
Figure 141: front elevation
Figure 142: section
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Deluxe rooms
Figure 143: plan and elevation
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Figure 144: Section
Therapy areas
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Panchakarma therapy
Naturopathy and Hydrotherapy
Figure 145: upper level plan
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Figure 146: Plans at lower level
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https://www.siidcul.com/ Uttarakhand Tourism| Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/ WHITE, E. T. (1983). Site Diagramming Information for Architectural Design.
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