HAIIIOHAIIbHA AKAAEMUI HAYK YKPAIHI4
HAqIOHAIbHA EIEJTIOTEKA yKPAIHH
BEPHAACbKofo
iITeHi B. I.
MAKEIIOHCEKA AKAAEMUI HAYK I MI4CTETITB HAIII4OHANHA AKMEMI4JA HA HAYKI4TE HA YKPAI4HA HAI{4O}IATIHA EI4ErrrrorEKA HA vKpAI4i{A (8.
MAKEAOHCITA AKAAEMI4JA HA HAYKI4TE
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HAYIIEH 3EOPHI,IK Epoj
Kris
5
2011
Kuen 201
1
Bru{arla PI{CTOBCKA-JOCHOOBCKA,
rpot}.A-p,
Hrcrrryr
sa naqraonaana uc"rop4i a
(Crouje, Perry6nm<a Mareqounja)
MmpArtrtr{TE HA MAr$AOIrru4 KOH yKpAr,rHA (xpono.iloruxa H TunoJrorrrrca cmuqa)
Mnrpaqunre
KaKo lrcropr{cxu npoqec Bo pix}Br.rroKor Ha MaKe.[oHcKHor HapoA, I{'M MACOBI{IL OT rcU NPII(I}IIIIT I,I BO IO}I HITCOKI{ CC O'tsI4BEUIC,
HE3EIBHCHO AAJM CC NOEIHI{EqHI,I
ce pa3f,Ile.4/BaarBo rlcropllcKl'I xollteKcr. Haqrrmre Ha ceJlerf,eTo ce pa3Jrr,6yBar[ c[opeA
BpeMerpaerf,ero Ha rrpecrojor, cnopeA 6pojuocra, crropeA Teprrropr{jara Ha IpI'IABL yBalbero, cuope.q creleHoT Ha opraHIl3l{paHocra rr cnopea 0oprr,raJrHo-rrpaBrrara crpaHa. Tunot na npeceloara, ocBeH oA np,.mHr{Te, MOTI,BET* }I HaCOKaTa Ha
lElEr(er.ero, Moxe Aa 6uge,qeQHHrpaH cnopeA pa3Hr,r Kprrrepnyuur, Iloce6en npo6nerra npe,rcraryrareprropnjaJrHuor rpr{mutr 3aoApe.ryBarre rm npecel6ar4 naurrparudaraMoxe,{a ce KapaKreprcrpamro auarpeuruo (ro iaro*re rucrojara seuja) 3alBIIcu oA nosefte
r[arropu
r
IIILI Ha4nopernHo paceJryBane (na"mop oa rpanruure). OA acnem Ha opraHrcr{pasocra Ha npecen6rrre (ocBerr cnoHT?urure), no parrul ueplro.wr u oA pa3.lrtlqru{ [pusriltrr, THe ce maBHo oprarrr{3HpaHr'r: Bo eojun, npn oeraacrn }r xyMaHHrapHH Kpr{3r.r, npu ocMr{cneH}r xeuorpaScru pa3MecryBarrasapmuoApeAenn notlmr{Kr{ r.r cJr. Bo raa cuncla e BaxHo r,r npauliliero sa Qoprraamro-npaBnara paMKa Bo roja ce o,qBr{Ba eAHo ABr.Dr(e6e, oAHocHo AIUIE e neram{o nm{ rreJlefturHo.
Mrrparylcxrre crlAr{n lroBp3aHn co orceJryBarsero ila Makerorrllrre 6une npe,&rer ua Hlrrâ&#x201A;¬pec Ha l{crpa)lryBarxl oA pa3HH HayIHI'I .urcEIHnuHI{. flpecerOlrre, nax, na MatceAoruprre mon !&pamra, rIaro qecro ce pa3DIeArBaHI{ Bo Korrercr rn rraefyce6nu're rtcropncxu H
rqrnrypHlr penawilH oAHocnre co Pycrara Huuepnja cenax 6une npe4r"rer H rra oMgnHr{ cry&rtt, na H Ha eAelr 3Haqaerr uoce6en uouorpaScxu rpyr 2. 3a nac onojnar ceeuavajHn
rT au ac B p ax u I{ o B c xu, MaxedoucKomouceJteHuwmeo-cocmojduunepcreqpru1uso He)oaomo npoyvysaba Bo.-!p., rr.teiyxapoaeu Hayqeu co6rp llcenennr.*oa Maqosnja oa nojanaraao,ueuec" Cronjq 2001,
p
I
j-16.
2.4. ,lr e K c a H ,[ a M a K o B c x a, Marcedo*cK*orn nonr 60 yxpauua, Cronj e, I 995 . EunarepaJrrrara MameIoHcxo-yrpalrucKa uayvua copa6orka ce o4nr{Ba oI ZA02 raln11a urr pa6mara ua nose(erpluuen rr,reryaxaaerrrcx[ npoeKr, Kar(o u Ha IloBelte uaxeAoucxo-yKpaEHcrn uaytur'r co6upu I{ 3aeAHI{tIKI'I ny6nuxaqa}r. 3acorperrteurre MaKeAoHcro-yrpauxcru peaal-1ulr:
olerceu j
Axa4.
ceMeHo saq oHr.r uqeH Ko,yxpauncro-uareAon"*rr.yrrypro-IrcropgcKg
npcru. Bo: <.(euoau Hayre.MucKara
40
t
HayKa
ro perry6ngxa MareAonnja, Cronje, 2002,72_76.
vlnpaqunre
Ha MaKeAoHUr.rre KoH yKparrHa o,u
Kpajor na
xtx
u uoqeroKor Ha XX sex. Bo
o6ua Aa uanpanrue cy6ltttrlnpaH npeRIeA Ha HaBeAerr{re ABHxe}ba Hr{3 r{cropr4cKxre eranu Ha HlrBHoro o.uBr{Bruse, 6es oure.[ Ha ApxaBHlror cyBepeHlrrer ].t rpaHnurre Bo xou npanafane
.roere seujn Hr.r ucroprjara, tH rrpocJre.qyBaMe Bo xpoHoJrotuKa parlrxa Ha MaKe.[oHcKo_ yKpa[Hcr(ure peJrau]r]r, co noce6eu ocBpr Ha HHBnara u.rnolorr.rja.
l Xpouonorrrara flcropncKa paMra Ha Mnrpauulrre oA MaxeaoHuja roH yxpalrua ro :aQaka yrure cpe.(HoBeKoBr[ror fleprroA, ao BneryBanero Ha Mareaonnja ,o iyp.*uru Hunep{a (1395). ,{pxannme r,r rproBc*nre apcxu noueiy Bn:aHrnja u Kuiscroro
KHexencrso ce 3acr.r;reHu DraBHo
KoH cpea[Hara Ha IX u so X BeN, Kora uMa H BoeH pyc6]r npoAop Ha Ealranol Ho ce BpIrreJIa H pa3MeHa Ha croKfl [peKy [pficraHr.rrurara eo Conyn r l{aprrpaa 3. A nom'lruqxl{or acneKr Hapenarrr.rure Bo cpeauoBexonjero ce DreAa ruraBHo HI,B ABA NYH}CTA: UPIOBHI{ MYICYIYI I{ .IIBOPCK}r BPCKH. BO rOHrErCr HA MHTPAqN,ITC KOH
Yrpauua,oco6eHoe:uavajHooAerLercia6partrraKoucrarrrmr
iKapnlrlMero:rraja(g60/l)no
raj Xa:apr.rre (ao ceBepor4croqsrre o6nacrn na I{pHoro Mope, no ru:aHrr{cKoro ynoplture Xepcon), uo 3anoBe.u Ha Bu3aHrrrcrlror uap Mluaxl III. Ho noce6no Nrecro Bo oBr{e peJraum{ 3a3eMa qr.rHor Ha noKpcryBar6ero ua pycure (ggg), r.BBprueHo npeKy OxpuAcrara apxuenrcxonr{a / narpajapruuja, na Kneacra pycuja c6 xo 1037 .oArru ,L Haofa so upxoaHarajypucarxunja Ha oxpnAcrfl.ror rarpajapx. Bo roj nepuoa ce auauajnN E .u,Bopcxl.rre npcxa nouefy MaKeAoHcKar a yuaacruja wa uapor carr,ryu"rr r KrencxaPycnja, no BpeMero rra KHe:orBla.uNlrup (97g-1015) H Ha uapor carvrym (97 6-1 0 I 4)' Mery gpyroro, pe3yrrar Ha meryce6Hnor AoroBop e r uerepruor 6par a. Ha BlaArunp co oxpufanrarq nepojarno oa Canymoruor Anop Kaxo onoarna pu**u ,u MaxeAoncKo-yKpalrHcxr{re peJraq}r[ e ceKaKo H KynrypHoro alrjanre oA MaxeAoruja xox r,arcrnjara
yKpauHcxl{re KyJrryp}il{ }I nyxoBHr.me ueHTpr Bo reKol. Ha ueJrr.roB neproA. Taxoa e cnyvajor
co MaKe.rloHcKure rorpaQu ao Yrpanua (oa oxpHa u
crera lopa). Ha trp., ce 3Bae Aexa npBara aflcllIa ro Knpulorcr(ara upKBa Bo Kuen e:orpa$ucaHa ao XII aeK o,u MaKe.[oHcKH sorpaQu. Tyxa ce npercraBeHu rzrJrepuja uaxe.{oncxr.r creruu (Knpfln H Memrurja, Klurrlexl JosaH MaxeAoHcKrI, JocraQ Conyucxu H .qp.), na 3aroa oBaa ancara oa HapoAor e HapeqeHa MarceditcxtQ
3M n
san
5.
I ag 6 o u
o B cxu,
K
YrpaiHcrro-uaxeroucxufi
lvlaxedoHcKo-yipauHcKume GpcKu ao cpeduuont ee,(. Bo..
s6ipnrx. Br.rnlcr 2. Yrcpauncxo-lraxe,4oncru s6opnux, Epoj 2.
Hayr<onuft
Kr{is, 2006. Kues, 2006, 18.
rBu4u:
E.naxe
P
ncroBc
yKpar{Hcrr.r KynrypHu npcxu
cronje.2005,3. cn.:
K
(X-XX
u, MaxedouujauvxpauuaHktceKoaume.Bo: <Mare.{oscxo-
eex). Mare4oncrro-yxpaiHcrri 3s's3KH
(X-Xx crolirre)>. II,
Iperop Pocrr(o acxvr.HexoaKr,6eaeuxusant$aumucKume
npuHq$u aoP.va{a(d9SSdocpeduuamaxaXlleex),<<lnautao>,49,1:2.Cronje2005:VtujaBeres, Kyttmont Ha cgemume Eopuc u l-te6 oo KHtme1ilQma mpadu4uja (npu,toa koil paclemJtylahemo Ha uaxedoucxo-yrcpauHcKume
ucmopucKu, dlxoouu u KHuilce?Hu spcxu).Bo: VxpaiHcr,xo-rraareroHcrrufi uayronr.rri s6ipulrx. Bunycrc 3. YrpanHcxo-ruaxeaoHcr(H r6oprrux, Epoj 3. Kr.rin, 200g. Kraes.
2008, 29-30. 5
Baa
xe
P
ra
c
r
o B c K x. lulaxedotruja u
Vxpauo uus cexoeume, 33.
4t
It 1) Bo
nepnoamHaBla,ueerbsro xaTypcmral4unepuja" najnpnunce rneAaarMl{rpal[ryrrâ&#x201A;¬
3a BpeMe Ha cr{JrHara ocMaIrJII{cKa ueHTp:IIIHa
Bocram{e
rrracr
(XV-XVIII ner). ,{o Kapnouororo
M}rrpaqr{oHr{Te AsIDKersa He 6HJre MacoBHH, 3aM}IHyBaJIe noeAnHII}r EnI{ [oMaJIH
rpynn 6, 3a pa3nr{ra oA Toa Kora no Kapnomororo Bocral&Ie ce orceJryBaar KoII ceBep loroJreMrt rvracr xpucrnjaHcKo r{aceJrenue. Bo mj rorrrerm 3aloqHyBa u ucropnjara na lroMacoBugro pacenyBaltre oa Mareaorrda ro Yxpanua. Taa ane.Iarrlra u cnewQn'rna ucropncra nojaBa ce o.u{rpyBaIla Bo ABe eralu. Hueuo, tro nopa3or Ha Ancrp4ia no Ancrpo' rypcxara oojxa (1683-1699) suauureneu 6poj MareAour{n ce rroBJIeKrIe co aBcrp}IcKara rojcxa xou Bojronrura u Yrrapuja. Ilouoqxa,uen oA HrB flpucrrrHaJle Bo Yxparura n co AosBoJra oA pycKara uapuqa ce HaceJIIrJIe lto reKor ua ,{nenap. OA onue 6arrancru AoceJreHnqlr BJracrlrre Soprvrupane noce6un [oJI(oBLI cocraBenl{ oA 6alrancrure flpaBocnanur,r AoceJreHr,rqu uro rpe6arro Aa ce noArorByraar 3a rpercrojxrre 6op6u co Typuuja. Tara 6rur ipoprr.rupau r noce6ruror MaxeAoucxn xycapcrll no.ur (Mareaoucxifi rycapcrifi nonerifi rroJrKb, 10. V 1759 - 28. VI 1773)T IIIro LIMrur orony 4.000 aojHuqu I'I 8. o{uuepu, nog KoMaHra Ha reuepa.nor Hnau Xoprar Bo odjanewrre crMcoI{H LIMa EoAaroIpI 3a npunatril{rprre rtrr1o Bo 1756 roalrra 6nrre Bo cocraBolr Ha troJIIC,r Ha Jonau (l{ran) IIIenr( no Yrpanua. 3a nac e 3uaqaeH oAroBopor Ha rrpalualbero ro rpaQam <C raroft naquefi> u cror,r: (MareAoscrofi Hdr{lrofi), rrrro [pgrcraByBa eAHa oA flopaHure erHonAemuQr'lxawul uaMareAomryrre.
Hcrorpeuexo co HaceJryBaliero Ha oBI{e MaKeAoHcKI{ AoceJIeHI'rqI,I Bo noeEa clyx6a, Aoafane n mrerr,r 6poj rproBru Ir Apym. Ororry cperumara na XVIII uer ro rpanm HexEII ce cnoMerryBaar rrMr,rrsara xa Cmaeou oA OxpuA, llnau,{r.nrrrrpuer Crarescrraj oa Crouje, emlcrouor Erlperrl Jarxosd-Teroeq, Haxo Eoxrx oa Crpyuuua, Cmjan llerpoe oa Conyt
r{ru., a i[opurpanara oMeJIHa <lprra oUIIITIIHa 6rura paroooAella or cBemreHuKor Xncrur[op ,fir{MrrrpoB
oA
MaxeAoruaju
e.
6.{ n e x c a HA a p M ar I( o B cxu, MaxedoHeKuotttnonK60 Yxpaaxa, ll-20' Cnopea Marro*crlr, Mlrrpauucxr,r Epr,rAB[rxyBarla I(oH ceBep no oroj nepnon ce pa3n[IryBaar: ol l37l ,qo 1689 roauxa u oa 1689 ao rpajor na XVIII aex. 7 Hrr,raa cnoj ne'rar, yurQopMa, MatceAoucKr.r rp6
r.r
arr,r6leu co
rarapcrtr Iur]rr co
ABe
BKpcreH[
co artr6neM Ha JraB, sei{eH or CreMrmrpar[r.rjara na X. Xer[apoar.rv (rc 177 6 roauxa). lloAouHa ce yKt,ruaxu HapoAuog]rlrre uM]rrba Ha noaxosure a 6I{JIc rIpcLIMeHyBaHx cflopeA rRandirre(t273). Mareaoncxr{or rroJrl( 6ul uueuynas raro ArexcaHApHcI(H nolr (A n e x-
xouja.
Ilomor uual rp6
H .rl a p M a t r o E c K I,t, Maxedoucxuom norv 60 Vxpauua, 25TlT9; C n na o M n a A e n o a' c x u, Muepa4ujama ua Maxedou4ume eo Vueapuia u Yrcpauua (1689*177j). Bo: Yrpaiucrrouareroucrxnft uayxoanfi r6ipnur. Brrrycr 3, l7A-179). s Co {apcxa rpaMora oA ll. I 1752 rnluua My ce Ao3BoJIyBa ua o{uUepo'r Huau Xopuar Aa soprrruparorruulcuEfleiua,ql,rcrrauorronra(AaercaH.(ap MatxoaCxu,Marcedoucxuomnotx
ca
eo Vxpauua,177). e A r e r c a H A a p T p a a H o B c x u, Ilpecmoiom u wKotysatuemo ua aat<edoHcK*mq u flarrcaucrama unmenueeuyuja ao Pycuja. Bo: <Eaaranot u Pycr.rja: omllToro u cneqxQrrnoro ao
j
r{cropucrrorr.rrryJrrypH}torpa3Bltroo,Crouje,2010,77-78),Cn.:Currto MnaAeHoBcKI't' Muepa4ujama ua Maxedox4ume eo Vuzapuja a Vxpauna (l 689-1 773),1 79. Cnopea OHLIuIqeHKo, npg3lrMr.rrlara co 3aBpuerout4 o6cKu 14 e6cku co rlrm{qlrfl t,t ga MaKoAoHIII,ITe I{ 3a Yxparu4lte u oco6euo xaj uaceleuuero oA 3anaAurror.{er ua Yrpaurq oA Ko}I Aen oA HaceJleuuero HeIoftlItr
[poMruaJroBoMarrcIoucxr{Te3errajfi(Axa,u.orercnj ceMeaosqq onuruqenr<o,YrpaunfioMaKerorIcKH r(yJrrypHo-I,Icropucxu upcxr'r, 69).
42
Bo nepuoAor oA XVI Ao XVIII oer rpe6a ga ce r{craxHar H qecr[re npecrou Ha pa3HH cBellrreHr{ nrlua oA Maxe4ouuja Bo rorallIHara Pycra Hnanepuja. l4ueno, Bo HoBr4Te IICTOpIICKI{ oKoJIHocTH
rlo TypcK}ITa ocnojyaana, KOta npaBocnaBHr4Te HapoAa r{
UpKBr4
BHTIHO OCt4pOMarUyBaaT
nopaAr.l HAJTOXeHUTe UproBHO_MaHaCT[pCKrr .[aBaqKra, a ee(e :ajaxuarara Pyclrja lr Pycxara rpaBocJraBHa qpxBa ce flocraBura KaKo HrrBeH 3arrJrHTHlrK. la6enexnlrslr ce qecrr..r [aryBa]r,a i4 Ha MoJII{Tenu oA pa3HH Magacruprr t,t upKBH oA Marenouuja. HltsHara r,rIaBHa ue,r 6ula 6apan,ero $ruancracra [ol{orr, rTa no11argo ce 3aApxvBane It Bo yKpariHcxr4Te UeHTplr HepuNroo, Kuen, HeNua ra Ap. O6n.ruo Ao6unale .rapoBgr{ rpaMor}r u nrarepnjalua rrolrour, perynr{pagu co yKa3 oA pycxuor BraAeren. Ilpra oBHe [aryBarba Ha par3Hr.r apx[epelr lr epe[ o,& /Iyeue3ara Ha Oxpr.rAcxara apxuenncxouuja, 6pojHu 6ulre LI3aMtfiyBaltara Bo norpara:a npu6exlrrrrre ao Pyurja ua nexou o6pa:oeauu .lrHr{HocTr{, DraBHo upronnu nyfe 10. 2) [ar'rNenero Ha MaxeAouu]Ire KoH Yrpalrna npoAonxyBa rr Bo TeKor na XIX sex [r roqeroKor HaXX uex, oAHocHo Bo npepo46eucxuor neprroA Kora Bo el(or qa Har{r{ogarlHoro 6yleme pr pa3BHroK Ha cnoBeHcraoro, pycnja H rroKouxperuo yxpauna crarryBaar [ocaKyBaHrI ,{ecrIrHaI{HIr. 3anovHyaa 3acrJrego nptlcycrBo Ha MnaAu Maxenonur no mtalxgprre yHl,IBep3flTercrrr uenTpu, co ueJI ,{a ce go6ue o6pa:oBag}re. Cryaernr u cserrrreHH itl{ua 3aMHl{ynane (opratru3I{paHo IdrH caMor.rHrzqnjaruano) 3apa4r.r ru6oJryBarbe Bo TAMOIIIHI,ITC IIEHTPH HNIT OTTAMY NPOAOJTiI(YBANC BO HEKOH OA PYCKHTC
YqI{IHIIIHIi I{CHTPI,I.
OA meAtra roqxa Ha opraHl.I3l{paHocra, nocJreAHoso 6uro oBo3MoxeHo }r rrorrr4xHaro o.u Pycxara I4unepuja, xojaruro BoAeHa oA cBorrre uurepecr.r 4a ro:ajaxHe cBoero rroJu4rr.rqKo nlujanue na Eaaxanor, oA cpeAr.iHara wa 19 BeK 3a[orrHyBa mlaH[paga aKT[rBHocr 3a rrpr{BneKyBar[e cTyAeHrH.
Bo 1844 roAlIHa 6wto 4oHeceHo pelueHl{e 3a ruKorryBarr,e Ha r\{Jra.[r{Hrln, uo Ogecrara a co }ntfleparopcxu Yxa: oA 2 I AexetrnpH 1 g56 ro4una Aypu 6}rna rpeABr4.qe}ra I{ floMolx 3a MJIaAI4T9 Croee]ru og Eauxanol 3a uro 6rllre saAorxeHx y[paB[TeJIr{Te rIa Knencxnol oAecruor n XapKoBcKHo'r yve6en onpyr. Baxsara rorurr4Ka 3a rrpnBnex-yBarbe lpoAoJrxr{na Hrr3 pa3HH $Oprvu. Bo cpeAnnara ua 60-re roArlHr ce @opuuparuu ceruranapr{a,
4o6pomopuu KoMprrerrr no Klree u no Oaeca. Oco6eHa axruBHocr npoiaslrJro OAecxoro 6garornopuo,{pyrrrrno cn. KupHn u Mero4uj Sopnnpano no rHnunjarnna Ha Xr.rrpono. Kaxo HaA.neNut sa co6lrpame n ucnpa*arre Ha MnaAlrHurl oA MaxeAoruuja ce npojasyraar .{rrlrr.fiap M}maAr'ruos [r KoHcraltrrls Po6en. Bo 1865/66 roAr{Ha e peryJ]trpaH crarycor Ha Huroraescxara rurana:nja n Hoaopycncx[or yHr4Bep3r4rer Bo OAeca xaxo ueHrpu 3a uxoJryBarbe Ha MnaAnuur4 oA jyxnocroBeHcxr.{Te :enju (ruxonyBau,ero ro rpo.qonxyBafle r{ uenrpr)rr. Haxo HajroreMuor 6poj oa oBr{e 3aMHHyBaH,a ce npaBeJre opraHrr3i{pano, t{MirJro it HHAlrBHlIyaJrnn uunql.rjar}rBa 3a urxoJryBa}Le, $r.rnaucupault oA nouMorHrrre cenrejcrna. Epojor Ha pa3Htrre npo$lr-rrr.r Ha MaKeAoHcKrr fiHTeneKryaJrrr[1 14
Bo Apyru
it'A
re KcaHAap 1'paj auo
I
B
cKr,r. flpecmajonuaepxrepejcm^omou
epejcnusomo ua
Oxptrdcxama apxuenucxonuja (Xl''l-Xl.III aex) eo oddeauu T,xpantHcKu LleHmpu Ha fiponamyeabe 3a Pycuia u ua epaftan ema aasad, s6.'. <Yxpaincrxo-rntaxegoucr,xuil Havrgauil rfiipnlrx. Br.rnycr 3, 259-276: i d em, lTpecmojom u tuxotyedtuemo rfi xaxedoucrcama u 1anxaucxatna uume,tuzen4uja
Pycuja.78-80. Ir C u l B a H a C lr g p o o B c x a-9 y n o B c x a" flpocoemxo-xy:Tmyp'ume npunt.tKu 60 Maxedouujaao l9 oex, Cxonie.2009. 88-94. ao
43
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66 {6 46
sc
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s0
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n6
t06 ro6
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i26
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n6 n6
I?IT} Myw
- @off
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aa6
66 ra0 s0 46 s6 s6 8r6 dra
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s6
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ta6
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66
s6 s6 666
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Crmcory.r Ha trpurra,UruUr{Te Ea llleBflkeBuor
rroJrrc
Bo yKparna, 1756 ro,rUnra
(cuopea: Arelaanaap Manoacru, Maxegoncrum nonx ao Yrpauna, Crouje, 1995, I 84-l 85)
44
aejuu ruro ro (ao)oooprynaJre cBoero o6pa:onanlre Ha BHcoKr{re ruroau ro Yxpauna e 3ua.uEte.nen 12. Epauor ua cryterrrcKara Mr{rpaw{ja Bo yxpar.rHa 3aMlrpa lro 1 876 roruma, Kora ce rJrera HaMTIJIeH r.rHTeH3IlrreT [OpaAX He[OBOJrHara nOJIHT]ItIKI4Te O.IHOCH nOUery TypCXa'ra U Pycrara tr{Muepr{a. Kou rpajor na 19 aer, mora npepox6errcKr,ror flpouec .qo6ma nouepasen r.rrrreH3r{rer, HacraHyBa Hoaata tpasa Ha opraHr.r3rrpaHnor r.r rroMacoBeu Boopyxen orflop, [oruTr{rrKure HacraHr{ uaofaar Anperffen oApa3 r{ so AejcrByBarbero Ha Mare.4oxcxara eurrpaur,rj a no Yrpanna. Bo reror ua cnojor upecroj roJreM AeJr o.{ Maxe.qosryrre, [IaBHo r{rrreJreKry:u[rn, pa3Br{BaJre r{ (yJrrypHa I,r noJrr{rl{tlKa axrrrBHocr (Kpcre Mucrpxon, flrnau'rpuja r{ynoncrn, Harie Arift{on, A-p laBpr.u KoxcraHrnnonrv u ap.). Hu op., P. Pycyreuuru, 3aeAxo co K. Il. Mucupros la O. ]Inxoror(cxu), npanar oOnryr oa Qoprurparre rcron na MareAoHcxoro HaycHo-rrrparypHo ApyrapcrBo u ao OAeca ( I 905). Bo I 900 r. no KueB, roroa r{ Bo OAeca, r(yJrrypHo-Haru.roHrurHrlr
ce Qopunpaar TajHr.r MaKeAoHcKo-oApr,rHcKn Kpyxoqu, Qaru{ama na Maxeroncxara peBoJryunoHepua opranu:au4ia 6une r[opur.rparur u so Kuen H so OAeca. A naareAoncxure roJrour{r{ Ha eM}rrpaxTlr pa3BrrBaar xr{Ba rroJrarlrvra H Kynry?na
aejnocr, uur pa:ru {opmn
caMoopranl{3rnpane (acowjalpr}r, neqar H .upyra ny6uruucrma), no u nogKperrrr{ axr[lll sa 4ejcmyoarre ua uefynapo4nara jannocr 3a [o3rrrlrBHo pernaBarbe Ha Mare.[oucroro Ha
HaIIHoHaJIHo
npauarue
13.
Onoj nepuon ce ogrturqfBa I{ co pa3Hr.r aruIrru Ha rrH^qrrBHAtaJILpI, Kot{ oA cBoe r.rMe I{JII,I o,4 HMero Ha oApeAeHa rpyna MaregoHrlu [ar]tsane u upecrojyBâ&#x201A;¬ure Bo rorauurara Pycra t2flpulrepu:re ce 6pojun:.{luraramp floureopmee-Eeponcru (1840-1907) se rrrKoJryBarr Bo ,{yxoauara araaenanja so OAeca (1858*1860); Asapeja flerroar.{ (1837-1897) yqen Bo Pruu.mencxnor nuqej no OAeca (185,t-1860); Koucrastrrg flgrrosru (1824-1898) mrrJroMrlparl cJroBeucra rfrlolornja ua flerep6ypurKr{or yur4Bep3n'rer r<aj Hslaar,rn Hnauosrrq Cpesrieecxlt, a Wr{pa Bo Oaeca (1898), Eopr.lc flpoercru (1879-1961) oaapuu.u MeALIIII{Ha Ha I,lonopycucxNm )'Hr.rBep3rrrsr Bo O1eca; Bnaanvlrp Pyueaoa (1870-1939) ce luKonyBan eo Kt,teB, a ro 3aapluurl MeAuuuucxuor rlaxymer so Mocrsa u OAeca; E$per'r Kapaaos (1852-1927) 3aBpIIIHJI rolacuqHa nnr.rHasujaro Oaeca(1872), a noroa uoneucrai[unolorujaxaHoBopycucrr4or ynrsep:utvr (1 874); Jocr,rt! Koaaveeyren ua,$xosuaraara4eulrjauoKrea (1864-1868); Beqjaunu Ma.ryKoscxu(1847* 1878) ce ramurar uo Xepcoscxa'ra.D0/xoBHaceMl,ruapr.rja n no saoprunn V raac (1866-1869). I{apeoua Mr,rra,u'ltrosa, (eprara na.{urtratpaja Muna.u[uos, 3aMnHara Ha uKoJryBa$,e eo 1866 roAI,tHa H ro raapuura JleoarrroBcKrior flaucson ao Kues. Bo Oreca u eo Kuer upecrojynaar (Ha uar xou Pyc{a)
Koncran'rus MnnaArsos (1830-1862) u Pajxo Xuusniloa (1839-1877), ce ulKonyBaar ( I 8l 8-l 876) r Ilaranaru 3orparfcxu ( 1 82G-I906), ppneror Tpajxo Krrrauuen (1858-1927) nrH. (I- a u e T o 4 o p o a c r u,I(ynnrypuo-npoceemuu uqxedoucxoyKpauHeku donupu (O6ud sa noqetfiHa pacaemtysatuel, 16.: MaxeaoHcro-y(pallHcxn KyJnypHH npcu(noXIX nen), II, Cxouje,2AA4,147-148; C r,rnr an a C nAop o s c x a-q yn o B c K 4
Mlrrporolrlrrne llapremj 3orpaScxu
lfpoceemuo-t<ynmyp*urnenpwuKueoMarcedouujaeol9eex,ST-96;AleRcaHAap Tpajau o B c K u, Ilpecmojorn u utKonyeabemo ua aaxedouc*ama u 6atxaucxama.uumetueeu4uja eo Pycuja,77-91). !3 5 r ax e P u
cr o B c r u,,{tu*umpujaVynoecxu (1878*1940) u Marcedoncxoruo HayuHanumepatnypuo dpyeapcmoo ao llempoepad,ll, Cxonje, 1978. [orunnqxl{re nopaxr,r Ha MaxeAouuu're oco6euo 3arrec"ryBtulT Bo nepr{oAor npeA Eanxancxrate nojun, Kora cragyBa }BBoceH pacll4qor Iia Typcxaml4uuepr.rjau nenonolnrrarraefynapoauacrryawrj4 ro xojace naccryaanrsara noAen6aua Mar(eAoHcro,loT crHoKyJrrypeH
[pofiop. 45
Hnanep4f a oapaAu 6apame noJrrrrnqra noagpurxa u
aru{ia Bo BpcKa co oclo6o.ryra*ero n {opuuparero cnoja gpxara. Taxos e npruepor xa gzurox6lrre uahtcanlaMaxoscK[ 852-1925), arrmarpr.rjapmucxrr arrrrBgc! co croneuorfrucxa opuelnaru.{a n co nep6a pycKa noAAprtrKa, roj ceonre nocern xa Pycr{a ru Koprlcren ra 6aparre pycKa noMoru. Toj ornaryra.rr ro roBoA rlpocJlaBara na l0O0-roamlHr{Hara oA cMp6a na Cn. Meroaqia (1885) so c.-rlerep6ypruual2uaj6unnpm,reu nrruqHo oApycKrorqapAlexcanaap III (I
BO
ao {apcmo Celo, uocej(u u uol6a oA HaceJreHr,rero Bo 3anaAr{Hor Aen na Maxegour.rja. CleAruror AeH ce cperrltu co rpoQor HmarneB, a ABa AeHa fioAorsra orlraryaan ao Ogeia. IIo noeoA [pocJraBara, IraK, r{a 9O0-roxruxr,rrara oA norpcryBarlero Ha pycme mro ce oApxryBalla Bo Kner (1 888), Ha cecrloBeHcrnor co6np oa Mareaonnja 6un npncyreH caMo
Maxoscrn. Ha napa6po4or <Prqap> ua p. ,{nenap Maxoscr[ oApxaJr rorop, no xoj no6apa.n pycxa
nnrepreuuuja sa ocno6o,qmane na Maxegouaja ra. Bo HaseAelil{or rrepfio,q ce pir3BlrBa rr rproBcKa copa6orra co Yrparna. Ha upmlep, no3lrarox) rproBcKo ceuejcrno Po6eruu o4 Oxpna (xon uuale enavajnr no3r{qurr Bo noJurr{qxo-e(oHoMcxuor }r rlproBHo-npocBerHr.ror xuBor so Mare,{oxnja) 15, so XIX sex EMzUro pa3rparrera Mpexa Ha rproBcKr{ onrprrrrl u i[rurujaan so I{apnrpaa }r Bo pa3H[ eBpo[cKrr rproBcxH rIeHTpr{ @uena, Eerrpag, Tpcr, 3a.uap, capaero, csrtrroB u cl.), na rpryBaJre rr co OAeca.
***
Bo o6xa m ce uocranu mamlr[nkarr{cra cxrtrIa Ha rr.[roBrcre Murparyil.r sa MaxeAom[rre
ron Yrpaun4 nr
HMaMe npeABr.rA BpeMerpae*mo (rpancorpajnn, nonrorpajun x tpajnu) n r[pexaexrnocra (erurorparHg ]r nonroplnrn). Bo oAnoc Ha Mr,rrpaurr.rre Br{AeH}r Bo
acTopr{cK{ KoHreKc! Ho oA acfier(T Ha qeJrTa, ce paStrr{rryBaaT DTaBHO HeKOnKy T}rnoB}r: qpr(oBHH Mr{cur.r (ao pauxure ua Busaunrcrara H*ruepnja, ao rrepuoAo.r Ha Car'ryuonmo I-{apcrno u no rper',rero ua TypcraraHuuepxja-npel r.l uo yxr{HyBanero Ha Oxpuacrara apxrerucrcormj a) ; . eryKar${ja (3aMrrr{yBiube Ha ruroJryaa}be Bo yKpar{Hcrme uerupu);.
'
r TproBcKrI BpCrU (ro pasxr.r nep[orr{ Ha }rcmpujara, noA pa3n[rlHu orornocrr); r Boeror aHraxMarfir ([p., MaxeAoucxllor non( ao yrparra);
r
uHlulBu.ryanm{ 6ercma HJII.I er3r{Jr (Maregomsrre npe6eruyazure oa 6es6e,&roc}rrr qpr{rrr{tfl{, a HeperKo ITpomHeHrutrme ce 3anrfiryBaJre na xeroja o6pasonHa rurcrr{ryryja 3a
ta roo6es6eAar crojm npecroj). Mrrparwnt, DIeAaITH o,u acneKr
Ha lrcropucK]r npouec rtrTo rpae oA mruunjannoro orceJryBa6e Aorpajuoto uaceJryBane I,I troma! AoxnByBrure rr{noJrorurutpanci}oprraau*r. osa e oco6euo Blr[,rnBo Bo npuMepr.rre co penorarrrn na npecmjor, rrpu urm [orreru[or MorEB, [pmuuara I{ naMepara ce B}rAornMerryBaar H HrrBHr{or rpaex npectoj cytrrfl{HcKn
j
ra E u a a u a P u c r o B c K a - J o c u r[ o r c x a, Aenohuozpaeuvecrue meKcmd KaK ,<ynbnWarcanvecrue uuduramopw, t6.:Mvpowu nr.repmypa B KonrtKcre rcyJrbrrypu, florpanrruge flpoqeccbl B nrreparypâ&#x201A;¬ u tryrlbrype. C6opnur crrrefi uo Marep]raJraM Mer(AyHaporHo[ nayqnofi rourfepeuunu, EocB{rrleHuofi I25-rgraro co ru.s poxAerru.s Bacunu., Kauencxoro (17-19 anpem
2009 r.), Ilepur, 2009,167-171. rrAn e ( c a H.itap Tp aj an o B c K li, Ilprcoeuo-yuwruut*ume onwnuflu oo Maxedouuja. Ilpunoe xou ucmopujama ua uarcedoucxutne qpKos*o-yvwrtu*u ontilmtt*u od uusnomo oc*oeahe
do 70-me eoduuu uaXIX eex,Cr<onje, 1988.
46
ro MenyBa Kaparffepor. Cuerg{OrseH rrpm'{ep npercraByBa orceJryBrurero Ha MaKeAoHcKoro HaceneHxe oA 3auaromor Ael sa Maxerorud a rro 3a.q/trryBamero na KaplortroBoro BocraHne (1689). Oeoj npoqec co lpoAoJlxr{renen r{ rpoMeHrrnB Kaparff€p, EpercraByBa Er,DKerLe Ha
flo HrrBHoro HaceJr}tsarbe Bo Ynrapujarue 3a[oqHyBaar xr{Bor. Hmnoro npeceJryBarLe ao Yrpauua e co qen Aa ce opraHr,r3r.rpa BoeHa KpaHHa Iu:ro rpe6alo HoBoAoceJIeHoTo HaceJreEr.re o4 xpncrujaHcKuor rrpaBocJraBeH Ea-rrxan 4aja 6pamr. Taxa, Ael o,q 6eralurre, quutrrro Ha[y[rrenr,r r{Morr{ Bo Marce.qonuja HaceJIeHI{ero xarco 6eralcxarpr,rsa. Aa 3apa6oryBaar 3a
IIoAoItr{a rH Hacenyraar a.n6arrcKme AoceJIeHIfrS,r raKo KoJroHrBarop}r, co AoceJryBarbero Bo
Yrpaura craxynaar KonoHltaroplr na ryfa Bcyuuocr irrnrpa{I{rlTe, ct$arerur xaxo
serr.rja.
rpy[r.r HaceJrenr{e, 3anoqH,tsaaT oApaamsHr.r rlpHrrrrHrir: 6*6e.rurocna crrryawrja, Hacr.rnHH HaceJryBarba, BoeHa ABr.DKeEe Ha rroeAr{Hrlr.r rdlrr
cnyrx64 nonrruuKH oAJD.Kr.r, eKoHoMcKa rrpru{yAa, eAyKarr,rBHr.r HaKaAeMcKr{[o6ynn fuaGma na npo$ecuouamra cneruajanxocr), Jrr,rqxu n ceuejnu [prrruHr.r. Tuuorornjara Ha eAHa rrrurpaqr,rja Bo roJreMa Mepa ce panJrr,rKyBa H cnopeA neplro.[oT Kora ce o,[BuBaJra, [pr{ szlM,tr{IBaria r{ npaltana nonpraru co ner<oja q.Jrr}?Ha HJrr{ rproncxa aejuoc! ua ce ogamaar upecenGra oA MeuaH KapaKTep. Mmpary{cxr,rre npoqecu Bo ueJr.ilia ce HcKlyqHTerHo KoMlrrlexcrru n co cBor.r BHarperuHr.r cnequSuxu, a I€Ko pe3yJrrar Ha I4cropucKr{Te rlpl4Jil{xn ce Aoouna croxeHa rHrloJlorllxa cxuua. ,{ypn u mora cJreAr{Me HaBEIyM Ecr rrilr ABrorerbq rlre ce pagJrar(yBaar Bo o,uAeJrHr{re I{cropI,IcKLI erarrH. Ha npmaep, u,lcujam raj Xa:aprre (86011) u noxpcryaarrero na Kuencra Pycu$a so 988 ro4nna (rcora Oxpllrcxirra apxlrermcrorr{a rua caMocroeH sraryc rr KynrypHo nirnjaxne) oyIIITI,IHcKT{ ce pasnuIqFBaar o.q naryBarrara Ha cBerrrrexr rurqa oA Maregomrja
m QnnancrrcKa [oMorrr xaj pycxuor BJraAereJr (no npeue sa oclaoesa Qruaucucra r crarycxa [o3nquja Ha OxpuAcxara apxrernrcxonuja), a coceMa e pa3r[qHa cocroj6ara rora 6aparrara crau,tsaar rroJrr{rr{qxr{ H co ueJr 4a ce o6uonu Oxpu.ucxara KaKo MoJrr,rrenu
apxr.renacxorulja.
CleActaeno, npecer6rrre ua Mare4ouqn rou Yxpauna ce pa3HoBr.IrHLr u rrlnorycnojnu, Ho ce KaparTepr{3r,rpaar co oAAenHH naj:acranenn rlrrroBr,r Mrrrpaqnx, uecro ueiyce6uo rroBp3aHlr. flocoseur.me flepproAr.r Ha pa3ABr.rxyBarre Ha MareAonqare xox Yxparma ce pa3m{I(yBaar rr,reiycedno Bp3 ocHoBa Ha o[ruTecrBeHo-noJrHTrfqKaTa KoHcreJraUlrja ua qHoc-r.rre, trpu rtrTo ce MeHyBa [puq]il{ara, ueJrra lI npoQrulor xa rtllrrparror. Ha roj Haqrr! cJIeAHMe rI{rIoJIoIIrKH [poMe]il,I Ha Mr.rrpauHLITe r.I MoxeMe ga s6opyraue 3a AoMrrHaHTHr4 Br{roBI,I [peceJl6u no o44emtrre rrepuoAn.
Biliana RISTOVSKA-YOSIFOVSKA (Skopje, Republic of Macedonia)
MIGRATIONS OF MACEDONIANS TOIVARDS UKRAINE (chronology and tlpology map)
The chronological historical Aame ofthe migrations from Macedonia towards Ukaine last since the medieval time, up to the time when Macedonia became part a of the Ottoman Empire (1395). The second phase covers the period of the ottomuo *lr, so it could be analyznd in the period of the powerful Ottoman central authority (l5rr'-1g'i centuries) and during the revival period (l9e and beginning of 20m century). Themigrations ofMacedonianstowards Ukaine were various and complex, charac tenzed by most dominant types ofmigration, often mutual connected: church missions, education,
trade connections, military missions, individual exile. The periods of migration are differentiating between each other according to the social-poliiical relations lhat change the reason, aim and profile of the migrant. we follow chan!;es of the type of migration, speaking about dominant types in certain periods.