LOCATION
CITY PROFILE Potsdam is a city of palaces and gardens, of the media industry and science and research. It is a city with a history of more than a 1000 years (the first reference to it being in 993), marked by its association with Prussian kings and German emperors, and linked to the ‘Day of Potsdam’ and the ‘Potsdam Agreement’(App,2013) Potsdam’s characteristics are defined by the harmony between its Prussian-influenced World Cultural Heritage, and a future-oriented economy and science, as well as by its role as the state capital of Brandenburg, and its unique situation on the water and within the region of the Berlin metropolis.
PLAN
INTRODUCTION In 1990, UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) officially recognised the palaces and parks of Potsdam and Berlin, as part of the World Heritage.With 500 ha of parks and 150 buildings constructed between 1730 and 1916, Potsdam's complex of palaces and parks forms an artistic whole, whose eclectic nature reinforces its sense of uniqueness. It extends into the district of BerlinZehlendorf, (Centre 1999).The protected area of the World Heritage Site covers the palace and park of Babelsberg, as well as the ‘New Garden’ situated to the west of the Heiligen See lake, with the Marmorpalais and the Cacilienhof palace where the Potsdam Agree 1945(Unesco.de 2015).
http://dipmat.univpm.it/rtn/meetings/potsdam/maps.html
500 ha parks 150 buildings
1730-1916 built
HISTORY
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Prussian kings and later, the German emperors of the house of Hohenzollern, transformed the natural landscape into a cultural landscape: an ensemble of palaces of various styles and parks.
IN 1745-1747
King Friedrich II (“Frederick the Great”) Summer palace of Friedrich II Small Rococo palace of Sanssouci was built
IN 1713
King Friedrich Wilhelm I choose Potsdam as his summer residence and extended the carefully planned town with the Dutch Quarter.
IN 1763(after the Seven Year War) Sanssouci Palace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P1190390_ Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg
Friedrich II built a palace on peacok island near new garden.
Palace in the west of Park Sanssouci Under King Fridrich II Palace for the king's guests Now part of University of Potsdam
IN 1787-1797
Fridrich III altered the wilderness of the island into an English park and had the new Kavalierhaus built in the Neo-Gothic style Schloss Pfaueninsel
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schloss_Pfaueninsel.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Palace_(Potsdam)
New Palace
The most spectacular alterations and extensions of the parks and palaces, and their composition into a cultural landscape, was planned and carried out by the succeeding king Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1795-1861).
IN 1826-1829
The park was expanded to the south; the architect Carl Friedrich Schinkel erected the little Classical Charlottenhof Palace, and Peter Josef LennĂŠ the surrounding romantic park.
1845-1848/1851-1864
By 1860 the Roman themes of Schinkel and Persius, the Orangery and the Friedenskirche (Church of Peace) had been added
Charlottenhof Palace
IN 1914-1917 The latest royal contribution to this cultural landscape was the building of the Cecilienhof Palace in the New Garden. It was designed in the unpretentious English Country House style for Emperor Wilhelm II In summer 1945 it was the meeting place of the victorious powers of the Second World War. Here the Potsdam Agreement was signed, that for decades divided Europe into two parts
SANSSOUCI PALACE German:Schloss Sanssouci former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, in Potsdam It is often counted among the German rivals of Versailles. ARCHITECT:Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff TIME:1745--1747 AIM: fulfill King Frederick's need for a private residence where he could relax away from the pomp and ceremony of the Berlin court. MEANING OF NAME: it is a French phrase (sans souci), which translates as "without concerns", meaning "no worries" or "carefree", symbolising that the palace was a place for relaxation rather than a seat of power. ARCHITECTURE STYLE:Sanssouci is in the more intimate Rococo style and is far smaller than its French Baroque counterpart, LOCATION: north of the Sanssouci Park
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanssouci#Architecture
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Orangerieschloss _2010.jpg
Orangery Palace
http://labitacoradeunviajero.blogspot.co.uk/2012_05_01_archive. html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Peace_(Sanssouci)
Friedenskirche Palace
Cecilienhof Palace
EVLOTUION PROCESS Sanssouci is little more than a large, single-story villa—more like the Chateau de Marly than Versailles. Containing just ten principal rooms, it was built on the brow of a terraced hill at the centre of the park. The influence of King Frederick's personal taste in the design and decoration of the palace was so great that its style is characterised as "Frederician Rococo", and his feelings for the palace were so strong that he conceived it as "a place that would die with him"Because of a disagreement about the site of the palace in the park, Knobelsdorff was fired in 1746. Jan Bouman, a Dutch architect, finished the project. During the 19th century, the palace became a residence of Frederick William IV. He employed the architect Ludwig Persius to restore and enlarge the palace, while Ferdinand von Arnim was charged with improving the grounds and thus the view from the palace. The town of Potsdam, with its palaces, was a favourite place of residence for the German imperial family until the fall of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1918. After World War II, the palace became a tourist attraction in East Germany. Following German reunification in 1990, Frederick's body was returned to the palace and buried in a new tomb overlooking the gardens he had created. Sanssouci and its extensive gardens became a World Heritage Site in 1990 under the protection of UNESCO; These palaces are now visited by more than two million people a year from all over the world.
DESIGN CONCEPT
harmony between man and nature
plan&evevation
This concept of a grand palace designed to impress has led to the comparison of the palaces of Potsdam to Versailles, with Sanssouci being thrust into the role of one of the Trianons. Sanssouci was not an afterthought to escape the larger palace, for the simple reason that the larger palace did not exist at the time of Sanssouci's conception. It is true, however, that Sanssouci was intended to be a private place of retreat rather than display of power, strength and architectural merit.Sanssouci was designed to be a whole unto itself.
ARCHITECTURE external form The palace has a single-storey principal block with two flanking side wings. The building occupies almost the entire upper terrace. The potential monotony of the facade is broken by a central bow, its dome rising above the hipped roof, with the name of the palace. By contrast, the north entrance façade is more restrained. Segmented colonnades of 88 Corinthian columns—two deep—curve outwards from the palace building to enclose the semicircular cour d'honneur. As on the south side, a balustrade with sandstone vases decorates the roof of the main corps de logis.
internal form Sanssouci conforms to the principles of pleasure house, whose rooms lie on one floor, so that the garden can be reached easily from them. The Rococo style of art emerged in France in the early 18th century as a continuation of the Baroque style, but in contrast with the heavier themes and darker colours of the Baroque, the Rococo was characterized by an opulence, grace, playfulness, and lightness. ey also revolve around natural and exterior settings; this again suited Frederick’s ideal of nature and design being in complete harmony.
Rohttp://www.occidentalenclave.org/viewto pic.php?f=34&t=786coco style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanssouci#Architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanssouci#Architecture
The kitchen was moved into the east wing A Trellised Pavilion at Sanssouci The west wing became accommodation fo guests.
The Flute Concert at Sanssouci.
Rococo style
TERRACED GARDENS The panoramic vista of the garden of Sanssouci is the result of Frederick the Great's decision to create a terraced vineyard on the south slope of the hills of Bornstedt. On 10 August 1744, Frederick ordered the bare hillside to be transformed into terraced vineyards. Three wide terraces were created, with convex centres to maximise the sun light.On the partitions of the supporting walls, the brickwork is pierced by 168 glazed niches
http://www.german-way.com/travel-and-tourism/germany-for-tourists/city-guidesgermany/berlin-and-potsdam/potsdam-and-sanssouci/
Terraced Garden (north-led)
Below the hill, a Baroque ornamental garden, modelled on the parterre at Versailles, was constructed in 1745. The Great Fountain was built at the centre of this garden in 1748. Frederick never saw the fountain playing because the engineers employed in the construction had little understanding of the hydraulics involved. From 1750, marble statues were placed around the basin of the fountain. This again was a feature copied from Versailles: figures of Venus, Mercury, Apollo, Diana, Juno, Jupiter, Mars and Nearby was a kitchen garden, which Frederick William I had laid out sometime prior to 1715. In his plans for the grounds, Frederick attached great importance on the combination of both an ornamental and a practical garden, thus demonstrating his belief that art and nature should be united.
Versailes,France
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_de_Versailles_-_Gesamtplan_von_ Delagrife_1746.jpg
Versaile Plan
Great Fountain(south-led)
http://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/library_ online_ebooks/ml_gothein_history_garden_art_design/ gardens_falkenlust__germany_schwetzingen
http://www.samsungblueprint.com/375
Bird View
SANSSOUCI PARK Baroque Landscape using geometric shapes, usually circles, rectangles, and triangles be designed with irregular patterns made of swirls and curved lines, so that when the garden is viewed from the top, it can look like a larger-than-life maze or an emblem usually require large areas of land that can accommodate their artistic and dramatic landscapes
English Landscape The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape.
The construction of Sanssouci Palace and Gardens began with the vineyarded terraces and original palace at the eastern end of the Park The main avenue is the park's main axis and it stretches over 2 Km from the Obelisk Gate in the east to the New Palace in the west. It is 26 feet wide lined by several rows of trees.
Main Avenue&Axis
The New Palace was added 20 years after the construction of the summer retreat. Contrary to the humble Schloss Sanssouci, this palace was built purely to show off their power. In the era of Frederick the Great’s successors, the baroque garden was no longer in fashion. The (English-garden type of) landscaped garden gained in popularity. However, even Frederick the Great himself deviated from the typical, aestheticallyshaped baroque garden, himself combining beauty with utility when shaping the larger grounds of Park Sanssouci. This demonstrates his belief that nature and art can be united.
New Palace
Cultural Landscape
Chinese House
defined by the World Heritage Committee, is the "cultural properties [that] represent the combined works of nature
EVALUATION & SIGNIFICANCE----World Heritage of Palace of Sanssouci CRITERION1
Park Plan
The property nominated should represent a masterpiece of human creative genius
masterpieces of architecture and landscape design follow on from one another. They represent mutually contradictory styles generally regarded as incapable of reconciliation, but this in no way disturbs the harmony of a progressively perceived overall composition."
CRITERION2 The property should exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture, monumental arts or city-planning and landscape design
"Potsdam-Sanssouci incorporates a large number of influences from Italy, England, Flanders, Paris and Dresden. The palace and park are a synthesis of artistic styles but in turn they were also models which had a significant effect on the development of the monumental arts and the design of open spaces
CRITERION3 the property should be an outstanding example of a type of building or an architectural ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history
"Like Versailles, Potsdam-Sanssouci offers from a European perspective an outstanding example of architectural creation and landscape architecture against the intellectual background of the monarchical idea of the state." Sanssouci Palace and Gardens serve as an excellent example of how power and wealth were represented in eighteenth and nineteenth century European landscapes. Not only does the site represent power and wealth from different eras it also serves as a great educational tool. The continuous growth of Sanssouci for over a century and a half provides examples of how design styles and periods advanced and changed through time
REFERENCE
[1]Centre, U. 1999. Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532 [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. [2]Unesco.de, 2015. Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin [Online]. Available at: http://www.unesco.de/en/kultur/welterbe/welterbe-deutschland/palaces-and-parks-ofpotsdam-and-berlin.html [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. [3]App Benjamin 2003. “The future of the past: challenges for Heritage tourism”. 15 April, p. 18th International Tourism Students’ Conference. 4.Federubio, 2013. potsdam present. [online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/federubio/postdam-present?qid=a5157c9c-7cdd414e-9102-c3d2cc493a39&v=qf1&b=&from_search=21 [Accessed: 30 March 2015]. 5.Gardenvisit.com, 2015. Schwetzingen and Falkenlust and Baroque garden design in Central Germany [Online]. Available at: http://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/library_ online_ebooks/ml_gothein_history_garden_art_design/gardens_falkenlust__germany_ schwetzingen [Accessed: 2 April 2015]. 6.Woudstra, R. 2015. Observing Berlin's Built Environment [Online]. Available at: https:// buildberlin.wordpress.com/ [Accessed: 3 April 2015].
With its 500 hectares of extensive parks and its 150 buildings, which were created during the time span from 1730 to 1916, the total environment of the palaces and parks of Potsdam form a cultural treasure. Added to this, as an integrated component of the entire ensemble, is the memorial area lying within Berlin territory. Together, the castles, churches, and parks form a significant site of the World Cultural Heritage, and give visitors the opportunity to experience Prussian and German -------Oberschmidt,2003