Fig 17: Francis Duffy’s Theory Of Workspaces

3. Support spaces

Support spaces in workplace are typically used for secondary activities such as filing documents or taking a break. There are twelve generic types of support space, each supporting different type of activities.

 Filing space: An open or enclosed support space for the storage of frequently used files and documents

 Storage space: An open or enclosed support space for the storage of commonly used office supplies required.

 Print and copy area: An open or enclosed support space with facilities for printing, scanning, faxing and copying  Mail area: An open or semi-open support space where employees can pick up or deliver their mail.  Pantry area: An open or enclosed support space where employees can get refreshments and supplies for visitor hospitality are kept.  Break area: A semi-open or enclosed support space where employees can take a break from their monotonous work  Locker area: An open or semi-open support space where employees can keep their personal belongings  Smoking room: An enclosed support space where employees can smoke a cigarette.  Library: A semi-open or enclosed support space for reading of books, reports, journals and magazines  Games room: An enclosed support space where employees can play games (e.g. computer games, pool, darts, crosswords)  Waiting area: An open or semi-open support space where visitors can be received and can wait for their appointment during interview.  Circulation space: Support space which is required for circulation on office floors, linking all major functions of the workplace.

3.4 Francis Duffy’s Theory

In 1990s, space planning in offices used to be mainly based on hierarchy and organizational structure, with less concern to work processes.

Duffys research led him to derive two key variables “interaction and autonomy” that regulate the nature of work in any organization.

Combination of these variables outlined four basic modes as Hives, Celles,

Dens, and Clubs. They are individual, group , concentrated and transnational processing.

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Fig No.17 Francis Duffy’s Theory Of Workplaces

Source: Francis Duffy’s Theory Of Workplaces, 1998

 Hives: “low level of interaction and low autonomy”

Used in- data entry, telesales, call centers, banking operation

 Cell: “Individual Concentrated Work and Less Interaction” Used in- lawyers, accountant, and management consultants

 Den: ”Highly Interactive Group Work but Low Autonomy”

Used in- advertising , media service workplace

 Clubs: “ Highly Interactive and Highly Autonomous Used in- co-working spaces, North European office

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