Building Long-Term Partnership by South Asian Media Net

SAFMA Pak-Afghan Dialogue

Building Long-Term Partnership

Contents Together we stand President Asif Ali Zardari

Spirit of understanding President Hamid Karzai

Pursuing Partnership Imtiaz Alam, Secretary General, SAFMA

Shunning Differences Amanullah Paiman, Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan

Inaugural Session Building Long-term Partnership Fresh start Mustansar Javed

Evolving a regional approach Imtiaz Alam, Secretary General, SAFMA

Heralding new era Ms Fehmida Mirza

Politics in command Governor Pakhtoonkhwa Owais Ahmed Ghani

Respond to people Mr Aftab Ahmed Khan Sherpao

Looking forward Mr Amanullah Paiman

Towards a joint strategy Senator Afrasiab Khattak

Fighting for survival Mr. Qamar Zaman Kaira

Committee I Security, Peace and Terrorism

Committee II Economic Cooperation

Committee III Media, Culture, Education and Parliamentary Cooperation

Committee IV Overall Relationship and Measures to Build Long-Term Partnership

Concluding Session The Way Forward Recipe for ills Mr Faisal Karim Kundi

Moving forward Dr Farooq Sattar

Focusing the roots Mr Zafar Iqbal Jhagra

Sincerity required Azam Khan Swati, Minister for Science and Technology

Governments must heed Mr Abdul Sattar Khawasi

Pak-Afghan Islamabad declaration SAFMA Pak-Afghan Dialogue Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference-I, 31st March-1st April, 2009

President Asif Ali Zardari, Amanullah Paiman (Head of the Afghan delegation), at the centre, President SAFMA Afghanistan Ehsanullah Arianzai and SAFMA Secretary General Imtiaz Alam standing as national anthems were played before the ceremony at the Presidency

Delegates of the Conference standing for national anthems at the Presidency

Together we stand

welcome you all to the dialogue on building long-term partnership between Pakistan and Afghanistan. I compliment SAFMA and its Secretary General Imtiaz Alam and my good friend Nusrat Javeed for taking a timely initiative. I appreciate all efforts for promoting understanding and cooperation in the region. I particularly welcome our guests from Afghanistan. Khush-Aamdeed, welcome to Pakistan!

President Asif Ali Zardari

Over the next two days, you will be discussing how Afghanistan and Pakistan could build a long-term partnership. I wish you success in your deliberations. Our democratic government has a long-term vision of peace and stability for the whole region. We are looking beyond the present phase of struggle against terrorism. The relations between our two countries have been transformed since the formation of a democratic government in Pakistan. We are satisfied with the ongoing engagements between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In September last, [Afghanistan's] President [Hamid] Karzai very kindly attended my inauguration as the President of Pakistan. It happened for the first time in the history of Pakistan and Afghanistan, so I thanked him. In

December, we again met in Istanbul on the occasion of the Second Summit in Turkey. I visited Kabul in January. During my visit to Afghanistan, a joint declaration on 'Directions in Bilateral Cooperation' was concluded. Afghanistan and Pakistan face the common challenge of fighting terrorism and extremism. Together we must meet the challenge. We are determined to reverse the tide of terrorism. The strategic review by the USA has endorsed the need for a regional approach and a comprehensive strategy that also includes economic development as a key element. This is a welcome development. We should recognise that terrorism has roots across the region. A regional strategy, therefore, needs to be developed. The countries in the region must work together to halt the free flow of weapons, drugs and black money through verifiable means and based on consensus. I hope you will discuss all these issues during your deliberations over the next two days. I also hope you will make recommendations for building a long-term partnership between our two countries. The people of Afghanistan and Pakistan are of the same stock. We share the same

history and understanding and we intend to share a common future. The idea is to tell our children and our friends, who are removed from the reality of life, how we could do better for each other. Afghanistan and Pakistan have immense potential to develop and become vehicles for promotion of regional trade and economic development. But due to problems like terrorism and extremism the potential remains untapped and we have to go around the world with a begging bowl whereas the world should be coming to us seeking transit trade through Afghanistan and Pakistan. We could be feeding the largest economies in the region, just between you and us. We could be feeding the region's largest economies, which are China and India, by benefitting from the wealth that is bottled up in the Central Asian countries or in Persia.

would like to warn those friends in Pakistan against underestimating the threat; do not think whatever has happened to your neighbour can never happen to you. It is our responsibility to make sure you are safe so that our future remains safe. We have seen the winds of this aggressive mindset flow from your mountains into our plains. It is unfortunate that the land of Sufis and saints is seeing violence like what happened in Lahore. This is a message, this is a signal that things are changing and we have to stand together to fight the threat. I am thankful to you all for being here and I wish you good luck. I assure you that a democratic Pakistan will always be a friend of Afghanistan. Long live PakAfghan friendship!

It is time to look inwards and have a dialogue within ourselves. Is this the future and the world we want to leave behind? I went to Afghanistan for the first time in 1967. In those days Afghanistan was Dubai of this region. I remember that all sorts of nationalities were there, but when I went to Afghanistan recently, my heart bled. I feel and fear that it could happen across the border on this side. I

Pakistani and Afghan delegates

Spirit of understanding Message of Hamid Karzai, President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the occasion of Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference-I, Islamabad.

t is a profound pleasure that the friendship and brotherhood between two brotherly Islamic countries â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Afghanistan and Pakistan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; are strengthening. Almost two years ago the Joint Peace Jirga between Afghanistan and Pakistan had taken an immense step for brotherhood and now the first international conference between parliamentarians, social organisations and editors of both countries is taking place for further strengthened relations. I am hopeful that this conference fortifies the ties, strengthens the spirit of understanding between the two countries and prepares the opportunities for further meetings. I entirely believe that with improvement of relations between the two countries it will have a positive impact on economic, social and cultural livelihood of the people of both countries. Terrorism, which has created problems for the people in the region, can be defeated by cooperation and a joint war against terrorism and in this way peace could be maintained in both countries. I express my gratitude to His Excellency Asif Ali Zardari, President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and Pakistani authorities for their hospitality extended towards the Afghan delegation to Pakistan. I appreciate the initiative and efforts of South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA) for providing such valuable opportunity. President Hamid Karzai

On this occasion, I pray for the success and contentment of both delegations and the participants.

Imtiaz Alam, Secretary General, SAFMA

Pursuing Partnership

his first Pak-Afghan Parliamentary Conference is taking place in Islamabad. We hope the proceedings of this conference will help, in line with the Grand Jirga, in pushing the peace process forward and strengthening our historical relations with the brotherly country and people of Afghanistan in the developing regional scenario. I am confident that the President of Pakistan's heart and mind is with peace within Pakistan, peace with Afghanistan and peace with all neighbours. After assuming the office of the President of Pakistan, he committed himself to promoting peace in the region. You may recall that at the inaugural ceremony of his Presidency he invited President Hamid Karzai as a special guest, sending a message of solidarity to the people of Afghanistan to forget about the past and that under the new democratic leadership of our country, Pakistan would go all its way to strengthen its historical bonds and relationships with the people of Afghanistan and the Afghan government. Afghanistan is going to its second elections in August and we hope that the people of Afghanistan will bring democratic leadership.

We hope that this conference will focus on Pak-Afghan relationship for establishing a long-term partnership, from security to economic cooperation and trade to education and health and cooperation in the media, culture and various other sectors. We are people of the same mettle, same DNA perhaps, of the same racial, religious and cultural makeup and we hope that we understand each other and this conference will help in building understanding between the two parliaments and the political parties from across various divides. We have invited to this conference all political parties represented in both the parliaments. I am thankful to the leaders of various parties who have nominated their delegations to participate in the two-day proceedings. I am thankful to President Zardari for taking a personal interest in facilitating our endeavours and nominating Pakistan People's Party's (PPP's) eight-member delegation for this conference. We will have a lot of deliberations during the next two days that should create better understanding among the elected representatives of the people.

Shunning differences

am really honoured to be here. I would like to take this opportunity to convey the wishes and gratitude of the members of the Afghan Parliament to you. We relish good memories of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto who did a lot for democracy and peace in the region. We also share your grief about the recent incidents of terrorism in Pakistan. It is our belief that we are all afflicted by terrorism in this region â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it is not only the problem of my country or yours, but it is our problem. The Afghan government wants both Pakistan and Afghanistan to unite and fight this menace. We parliamentarians are here so that we can work together with our Pakistani brethren and find a solution to help achieve a lasting peace. The only people taking advantage of the differences between Pakistan and Afghanistan are our enemies and the terrorists. We have only lost because of these differences amongst our countries. I am very sad that we are fighting each other verbally and diplomatically. We need to end this. We want Pakistan to help us. I am very sad that the Grand Jirga has not helped us much either. Parliamentarians should devise a strategy to make sure that the relations between the two neighbours â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Afghanistan and Pakistan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; should move towards a positive path. I am very thankful to SAFMA for initiating such a platform for peace. We Afghan people will always remember the help that Pakistan provided to us during the jihad. We now want to have good relations with Pakistan again. I would like to thank President Zardari for inviting our delegation here. We do not want to go back empty-handed. Let's not let our enemies play us against each other. Let's pledge to stand united in the face of adverse enemies and make South Asia a peaceful region.

Amanullah Paiman Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan

Inaugural Session Building Long-term Partnership

SAFMA Secretary General, Imtiaz Alam, former Interior Minister Aftab Ahmed Sherpao, Governor Pakhtoonkhwa Owais Ghani, Speaker of Pakistan's National Assembly Fehmida Mirza, Head of Afghan Delegation Amanullah Paiman, SAFMA Afghanistan President Ehsanullah Arianzai, Senator Afrasiab Khattak

Day I of the Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference-I

Welcome Address Mustansar Javed

Fresh start

welcome you all to the first Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference. I wish you all have a comfortable stay in our country and this conference proves to be fruitful for all delegates.

Yesterday, we all were reminded that we live in a dangerous and violent world. The Lahore terror attack is a tragedy. It is a tragedy for us, for our country and for the people all over the world who love peace and freedom. At this juncture, it is indeed a huge moment for all of us to have gathered here for this Pak-Afghan conference that is a step in the right direction: a step to leave behind any differences in the past and pursue the much needed partnership against the elements that are threatening both the countries. The destabilising forces have successfully aligned their interests in both

Pakistan and Afghanistan and are operating in tandem. To turn around the setbacks of the past for both the countries, and by extension for the neighbouring countries in the region, the roots of mutual suspicion and distrust need to be addressed and a new chapter in Pakistan-Afghanistan relations be opened. With this, the prospects for both countries appear to be brighter than ever. It is indeed to this end that both the countries' governments must interact and join forces to deal with the insurgency problem. Save for those who jeopardise the interests of both the countries, significant parts of Pak-Afghan populace are keen on the formation of new and constructive mutual relationships. It is through this effort that we are keen on demonstrating our firm commitment to establish normalised and respectable mutual relations with each other. By all

Imtiaz Alam addressing the first Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference

Evolving a regional approach

t is a great honour for me to welcome the 52-member Afghan delegation that represents the lower and the upper houses of Afghanistan. I welcome the delegation from Pakistan – the ANP delegation led by Haji Adeel, the PPP delegation headed by Mumtaz Alam Gillani and Farhatullah Babar, the PML-N delegation headed by Zafar Iqbal Jhagra, the PML-Q delegation led by Senator Azeem, and the MQM delegation headed by Farooq Sattar, MNA. There are other intellectuals and experts from Pakhtoonkhwa and Afghanistan who will be joining our deliberations. I am thankful to all friends and delegates who have come from all over Pakistan. There are other delegates from Balochistan and Pakhtoonkhwa to strengthen this process. I also welcome the governor of Pakhtoonkhwa. You are aware that SAFMA is a mainstream body of the media in the region associated with SAARC. It is working for peace, harmony and understanding within South Asia. We have taken note of the grand jirga which was organised during the previous regime. It was a welcome development to engage people from grassroots and leaders of various groups, ethnicities and tribes. The jirga was held first in Kabul then in Islamabad and it issued guiding principles, declarations and a line of action for the cooperative process to bring peace to this troubled region.

We are holding this conference at a time when the new American administration under the leadership of Mr Barack Obama is reviewing its Pak-Afghan policy in consultation with, as it is claimed, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other stakeholders. We take a note of, and appreciate, the creation of the contact group under the UN auspices, which will include not only the five permanent members of the Security Council but also other countries of the region like China, Russia and Iran. We also appreciate that the international community is taking note of developing a regional consensus on the situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan, especially Pakistan's north-western region and Afghanistan's south-eastern region. We have seen during the last six or seven years that instead of coming to an end, the “war on terror” has expanded to the wider regions though Afghanistan has had two elections and the next elections are scheduled in August 2009. When you arrived yesterday, you must have heard that Lahore was attacked by terrorists. Just three days before the attack, a mosque was attacked in Khyber Agency and 70 people offering their prayers were killed. We see that no part of Pakistan or Afghanistan is safe from these terrorists. We have seen through our

experience that simply war, coercion or force cannot solve the problems faced today by Afghanistan or Pakistan. But at the same time, we see that not much is being done to address the causes behind the uncertainty, tension and conflict. We also see that various powers and countries are working at cross-purposes. This is why we say that unless there is a regional consensus and the countries do not fully cooperate for bringing lasting stability to Afghanistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), this region will not see peace.

In fact, the situation in Pakistan and Afghanistan is mutually dependent and the peace and future of the whole region is critically linked to the stability in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Whoever thinks that at the cost of burning Afghanistan, there can be peace in Pakistan, is wrong. Whoever thinks that by pushing out terrorists and extremists, Afghanistan can be safe, is also wrong. Pakistan has strong armed forces and security agencies capable of handling this menace. We hope they deliver and bring peace and extend the writ of the state.

We know that there are genuine security interests of Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, China, Russia and the international community in the stability of Afghanistan. We have seen that when the Shanghai group met recently, it also addressed the Afghan situation and crises. So our emphasis in this conference is on the need to bring all stakeholders on board. If Iran, Russia and Central Asian states feel threatened by the prolonged presence of NATO forces, they will not wholeheartedly support the process. If Pakistan feels that its strategic interests are being undermined by the international community, it will not be fully on board as we have already seen. China which is on its way to becoming a major investor in Afghanistan and Pakistan, has its own concerns because of the infiltration taking place in Sinkiang.

What the citizens of Pakistan are demanding is that the writ of the state must not be compromised under the coercion of arms and violence; the system of government and constitutional rule must not be tempered with at the demands of those who use weapons and violence as happened in Swat.

Thus Afghanistan's situation brings all the big stakeholders on international and regional scene into focus. We understand that this conference will focus just not on the immediate challenges imposed by terrorism, but also on the long-term strategy to make both Pakistan and Afghanistan sustainable, economically and otherwise. The north-western regions of Pakistan and south-eastern regions of Afghanistan are the centre of the entire trouble that have been ignored for too long and allowed to slip into the hands of anarchists. We understand that America's interests are confined to Al Qaeda or those groups who have international reach. In the new policy, there is a flexibility for those groups who might be threatening our people but not America. Even if that goal is achieved, our region will remain vulnerable to terrorism and religious extremism. We share the concerns of the UN that the territory of any country must not be used for terror against other countries. As Pakistan claims its sovereignty, is proud of it and is determined to defend it, it must also ensure that its territory is not used for cross-border terrorism in Afghanistan or elsewhere. Similarly, Afghanistan must ensure that its territory is not used against Pakistan or any other country in the region.

We have the best of minds from Afghanistan and Pakistan here at this conference. We will be focusing on the issues much more in detail in the four committees on security and terrorism, economic cooperation, parliamentary cooperation, and long-term partnership between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pak-Afghan relations have seen their ups and downs. Pakistan must detach itself from who comes to power in Afghanistan or what is the nature of government there. Only the Afghan people can decide their own form of government and destiny. Similarly as we respect the Afghanistan's people's right to decide their destiny, we want the Pakistani people's will to be respected through Parliament by all the institutions of the state and the international community. We have now a new democratically elected government in Pakistan. We are encouraged by the stance of the new government on fighting terrorism. We hope Afghanistan will get a stable representative democratic government after the August elections. We hope that the jirga process started by the previous government will continue with greater vigour after the elections. The jirga should become the centre of policy-making and confidence-building and collective action.

Fehmida Mirza, Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, addressing the delegates

Heralding new era Ms Fehmida Mirza

t gives me great pleasure to address this illustrious gathering of fellow parliamentarians, noted scholars, and leading media personalities. I would like to take this opportunity to wholeheartedly welcome our worthy Afghan guests, our brothers from across the border. Your presence here speaks about close and growing bonds of friendship and respect between our nations. We are united by history and geography, we share the same faith and culture and speak a common language on both sides of the border. Ours destinies are intertwined; it is imperative for our countries to work together with mutual trust and confidence. There will surely be times when our views, our approaches to certain issues will differ. The two democratic governments' mandate provides strength and courage to hold discussions with an open mind and accommodate each-other's points of view. The establishment of a democratic government in Pakistan heralded a new era of cooperation with Afghanistan. Constructive engagement on political, military and development issues has resulted in a steadily strengthening environment of mutual respect.

The ties between Afghanistan and are rooted in history. Far more recently, when the time came to celebrate the historic restoration of true democracy in Pakistan, President Karzai – representing the Afghan people – was the only foreign head of State invited to attend the swearing-in ceremony of President Zardari in September 2008. Since then the two sides have communicated and met regularly. This camaraderie has culminated into significant agreements codified by documents like the historic “Declaration on Future Directions of Bilateral Cooperation”, signed during President Zardari's visit to Kabul on January 7, 2009. The decision to constitute a Joint Ministerial Commission led by the Foreign Ministers of both countries is a big step towards enhancing bilateral cooperation. In October last year, Islamabad hosted the Joint Peace Jirga to promote better communication. I sincerely hope that the jirga will play an even larger role in our bilateral relations in the future. The Parliament of Pakistan, after the longest in-camera session in its history, passed a unanimous resolution condemning all forms of terrorism and pledging its commitment to peace and stability in the region. I hope the Afghan Parliament will work in the same direction.

I consider these actions a fitting tribute to the unwritten covenant made between Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto and President Hamid Karzai in their last meeting on December 27, 2007. Just hours before Mohtarma was martyred, the two leaders had resolved to work together for our common peace, development and stability.

I also acknowledge and applaud the role played by forums like SAFMA. . The fact that SAFMA has consistently enabled the visionary souls of the SAARC region to sit together in spite of any mutual misgivings clearly indicates the vitality of this platform. I, therefore, congratulate the SAFMA Secretary General and all others concerned for providing us with yet another opportunity, and I hope this organisation will continue to build bridges and bring our two sides even closer.

While concluding his best-seller on Pak-Afghan turmoil, 'Descent into Chaos', learned scholar and journalist Ahmed Rashid wrote: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Solutions do not come easily in such a region that was traumatised well before 9/11. But the peoples and regimes of this region have to understand that unless they themselves move their nations towards greater democracy, the chaos that presently surrounds them will, in time overwhelm them. If we can better understand what has happened before, what has gone wrong, and what needs to go right, then we can better face up to our collective future.â&#x20AC;? There is no doubt that democracy is the antidote to the ills brought on by decades of repression and oppression. However, it must be supplemented by development and modernisation, which are usually lacking in newly liberated countries.

I sincerely hope our media will follow the same path and act as a mediator, a problem-solver and a medium of bilateral communication. In the absence of strong and meaningful international support, the fragile democracies of Pakistan and Afghanistan have remained under constant threat â&#x20AC;&#x201D; from within and without.

Journalists from Pakistan and Afghanistan

We must vow to eradicate the threats confronting our peoples. We must give them the choice to pursue an honourable and legitimate livelihood instead of being exploited in the name of bigoted interpretations of religion and deliberately skewed notions of jihad. We must uphold their freedoms of expression, faith and fellowship. We must promote the true face of Islam as a message of hope and peace. We must ensure that every boy and girl attends school, so that they realise their true potential and help create a society based on the human and Islamic values of gender sensitivity, mutual respect and a progressive disposition.

As democratic leaders, we have to create these choices and our international friends should help us achieve this target. The importance of cooperation and understanding cannot be overstated. At the end of the day, the blood being spilled comes from our people. We must open channels and create opportunities between our two sides and within our respective societies. Women have long remained neglected and have suffered silently. Their voices must be heard. They must be included at every tier of decision-making and given due representation in all peace and functional jirgas. We must enhance bilateral ties by encouraging opinion makers, the media and prominent personalities from both countries to regularly hold meetings, remove mistrust and build confidence. Above all, we have to enable the parliamentarians of the two countries to have an effective and permanent mechanism of meaningful consultation on every important issue. For this, I suggest setting up a permanent body, which may be called a Parliamentary Jirga or a Joint Parliamentary Commission, and I invite

Mr. Younus Qanouni, President of the Wolesi Jirga, to join me in framing its modalities and scope. I also invite him to visit Pakistan along with a parliamentary delegation at his earliest convenience. With this proposal, I also call upon you â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the true representatives of our two people to seize this opportunity. Help us usher in a new era in our history and change the destinies of this region. The streets of Kabul and Islamabad have seen enough blood. Let us fill them with hope and prosperity. Let our children lead a life of bright prospects and new beginnings. Let our women be equal partners in progress. We are entering a critical phase. It is time for new ideas. It is time for outsidethe-box initiatives. It is time for bold commitment. And it is time for honesty. There has been enough pain. It is time for reconciliation and healing. Let us do it together. We are entering a critical phase. It is time for new ideas. It is time for outside-the-box initiatives. It is time for bold commitment. And it is time for honesty. There has been enough pain. It is time for reconciliation and healing. Let us do it together.

Samiullah Khan, Azma Bokhari and Herma Alkozai

Governor Pakhtoonkhwa Owais Ahmed Ghani addressing the delegates

Politics in command Mr Owais Ahmed Ghani

t is indeed a privilege and pleasure to welcome our brothers and sisters from Afghanistan. We are very happy to have them with us today. For this good deed, I must thank SAFMA which has made it possible. SAFMA has also earned our gratitude for bringing together parliamentarians, media persons, intellectuals and officials of both nations at this very crucial juncture to consider, discuss and debate the critical challenges and issues that confront both Pakistan and Afghanistan. Our two nations have a shared history, culture and beliefs of which we all are very well aware and which do not need any elaboration. There is also no need to elaborate on the misery and pain, trials and tribulations which have affected both nations over the past thirty years; one way or the other each one of us has been scarred and wounded by three decades of conflict and violence in this region. We share the same pains and sorrows, which have brought much tragedy to our lives and to our nations. But by far, the most painful aspect of these thirty years has been the way this prolonged conflict has brutalised our societies and has all but dismantled and destroyed time honoured traditions, codes of conduct and human values that sustained our societies. Today the honour and respect accorded to women, the mercy and love for children, the respect and deference accorded to the elderly has all but dissolved in the rivers of blood that has been shed. Today even our mosques which were places of peace and sanctuary are now being violated in this all consuming conflict.

While these past thirty years had been one long nightmare for us all, some signs are emerging it may be approaching its end. We perceive an awakening in the global community that the policies and approaches being followed in the Afghan conflict are not yielding the desired results and there is need for a comprehensive review. Pakistan has all along been repeating that there cannot be a pure military approach to the problem in Afghanistan which is essentially political in nature. Therefore there is a need for a parallel political strategy. History bears testimony that there has never been a pure military solution in this region because the proud Afghan nation has never tolerated foreign military presence on its soil for long. However, while advocating a political approach, Pakistan has also emphasised that Afghanistan is for the Afghans and any political solution has to be an Afghan solution, evolved by the Afghans themselves. The global community can and should only help in facilitating such a process. In the past, Pakistan's stance was somehow misunderstood and misinterpreted. But today, it is a matter of satisfaction for us and a vindication of our point of view that the global community has come to the same realisation by stating that it is an unwinnable war and is stressing a political approach. It is a small first step on a difficult journey but given our sincerity and determination, there is no reason we cannot achieve peace and prosperity for our respective nations.

We all know our shared history, culture and traditions and there is much that can be built on these shared values. I feel that a great future awaits us two peoples provided we can cooperate to lay the foundations of greater cooperation especially in the economic sector to exploit the emerging opportunities in this region. It was in the Pak-Afghan Joint Peace Jirga in Kabul in 2006 when I was sitting next to His Excellency Mr Younis Qanooni, the chairman of Afghan National Parliament. I vividly recall His Excellency's comments to the effect that the Afghans had reached the conclusion that solutions could not be reached through military means alone. And Pakistan and Afghanistan had for too long focused on a geo-political approach and that it was about time that both nations focused on a geo-economic approach on which to build their future relationship. I totally agree and support this approach. In fact, it was during the same jirga that the then president of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, had also dwelt at some length on the same approach and indicated some directions in this respect. In this connection, some experts in Pakistan have now been advocating a few proposals which I would like to place before this gathering for debate and deliberations. The features of these ideas already exist in some informal form on the ground which can be utilised to build a formal and legal system to benefit

both nations. As you know, on a daily basis, thousands of people cross the international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan without any documentation under the traditional easement rights which exist between both nations. While there are talks of people-to-people approach between the two countries, it is a fact that the relationship between people of both countries is very wide and extensive. It has to be given a legal form. There is a proposal that the visa regime between the two countries should be eased and replaced with a system called visa-on-arrival. There is also a proposal of free trade between the two countries. As many of you are well aware, there already exists a large informal trade between the two countries. These are the two ideas that people proposed on which a very wide range of economic cooperation can be built between the two nations which will benefit both people. Pakistan and Afghanistan share a long history. There have been ups and downs in this shared history. We must respect history and learn from it but we must not be prisoners of history. We need to rise above past histories, break new ground, move boldly in a new direction and work together to build a peaceful, secure and prosperous future for our respective nations.

PML-Q Senator Tariq Azeem and PPP's Farhatullah Babar

Respond to people Mr Aftab Ahmed Khan Sherpao

wo years ago the Grand Jirga took place in Kabul. Many of the people present there are here today and I would like to thank them all. After that Jirga, holding this conference now would definitely pave the way for better relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The important points that have been raised here would lead to a better understanding of the situation between the two neighbours. I was talking with Mr Paiman before this conference and he told me he knew more about Peshawar than Kabul. It highlights our connection. I would raise only those issues that are the most important in bridging the gaps between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In the last 30 years during which hundreds of thousands of Afghan refugees have come to Pakistan, there have been no untoward incidents. This conference is an evidence of the good relations between the two countries and we must strengthen them further. When two countries try to strengthen their relations, they build on commonalities. If we look at our neighbour, Afghanistan, we see a lot of similarities such as religion, culture, language and history. We may have some differences between us, but the commonalities would help us rise above our suspicions and other problems. SAFMA has played a very important role in the normalisation of relations between India and Pakistan and it can again play a very important role in bridging the differences between Afghanistan and Pakistan. If you understand the pain we have been through, you will also understand who is benefitting from this animosity between us. Peace and stability in Afghanistan is good for Pakistan and vice versa. If there is no peace in this region, there will be no peace and development in any country of the South Asian region. We have to make peace our target. After the Soviet invasion, the Afghans went through a lot of bloodshed, so peace is very important to them as well. The people of both countries think the same way and they both want peace. The governments will only succeed if they do what the people want.

Aftab Ahmed Khan Sherpao Leader of Grand Jirga from Pakistan and former Minister of Interior

The issues raised at the Grand Jirga should be raised here as well and if we reach a consensus it would be quite good. The media should play a positive role in both countries and should not play in the hands of anti-peace elements present on both sides of the border. The international community should also support peace in both countries and it must understand that for lasting peace in the world, peace in Afghanistan and Pakistan is of utmost importance.

Looking forward Mr Amanullah Paiman

ou all know that we (Afghanistan and Pakistan) have many similarities such as religion, culture and history. Some problems have only recently propped up between us. The question is why these problems have come up when we have had religious, cultural and historical relations for many years and the whole world has been proud of our relations. Unfortunately, the border between us that was a sign of peace and stability in the past has become a bone of contention between both states and is being used for terrorism. Here I would like to thank the Pakistani government and the entire nation for their efforts and timely support to millions of Afghan refugees, especially during jihad; such examples are very few in world history. Now we have to build up new relations, forgetting all problems and difficulties of the past. We will be answerable to our next generations about how we tackled these issues. I would also like to make it clear that the current situation, presence of international coalition forces and existence of terrorism in both countries is due to lack of proper leadership and wrong approaches. I observed in the Grand Jirga that certain Afghan representatives who had important role in the Islamic government and were able to manage these relations well were unfortunately ignored. Also there were a number of Pakistani representatives who dit not pay any importance to Afghanistan and

were negative minded. From Badakshan to Kandahar, Hirat to Hairatan and Hairatan to Eastern Afghanistan all are looking for friendly and brotherly relations with Pakistan. Therefore we selected such delegates as were looking forward to talk truly and honestly for improving the relations. Those who are killing the innocent people and children of both nations are the enemy of not only Afghanistan, Pakistan but also of Islam and the world as no religious permits killing innocent people. Therefore, we have to close our borders on such elements that recently killed about 130 school students in Baghlan and some students in Swat and elsewhere. For strengthening and improving our relations we have to make our media understand that it should discourage provocations that may cause conflict between the two countries. At the end, I would like to thank SAFMA. It should continue such efforts and interactions regularly because they are useful in reducing tension and improving relations.

Amanullah Paiman Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan

Towards a joint strategy Senator Afrasiab Khattak

Senator Afrasiab Khattak Awami National Party, Pakhtoonkhwa

irst of all I want to congratulate SAFMA for holding this important conference. Inclusion of Afghanistan in SAARC is a historical development. It has not only completed SAARC as a South Asian identity but has also created new potential for closer relationship between South Asia and Central Asia.

not limited to Afghanistan only; it is a regional problem and has been acknowledged as such by the international community. The significance of this conference is to prepare joint strategies by the civil societies and prepare proposals for the governments to meet this challenge. Yesterday's barbaric attack on our police in Lahore has provided a context to this conference. It has underlined the grim reality of the terrorist threat to both countries.

I am also very happy to see mainstream media of both Afghanistan and Pakistan here. Taking this opportunity, I want to request them to create better understanding between two counties and its peoples. Unfortunately, so far, they have not been able to grow out of the Cold War mindset. In the last few years, I have not seen anything in mainstream Pakistani media which is positive about Afghanistan. The only news I see are attacks by Taliban, bomb explosions and suicide attacks. But we have not heard anything about young democracy in Afghanistan and its new parliament, which is asserting itself. For example, some months back, Afghan parliament censured a minister and the president had to sack him. I think it was very important news but most of our media blacked it out. So I hope we will change this tradition. It was only in Cold War that these two countries were hostile to each other.

Last night we met President Zardari and he was quite categorical about his commitment to peace in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Our civil society people express similar thoughts. But in spite of such goodwill, there are serious problems. Thus, we have to identify forces which are out to subvert this process. As civil society people, we are not here to justify wrong policies of our governments. We need to critically evaluate the situation.

I want to share with you my appreciation of the situation. We are meeting under circumstances when conflict in Afghanistan is

Our esteemed guest Mr Paiman pointed out the important problem of the refugees and the IDPs. As the summer approaches, we need to be prepared for more IDPs since there will likely be an escalation in fighting in FATA. Our province particularly has faced this situation. We are a province without much economic resources. But we had to face the massive problem of IDPs which can escalate further if there are new tensions on the border of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is a serious problem which should be addressed and the international community's help should be sought in this matter.

Fighting for survival Mr. Qamar Zaman Kaira

et me first extend the warmest of welcomes to our guests, the Afghan delegates, who come with the noble objective of putting forward new ideas and creating new ways to build a strong, sustainable and meaningful partnership with Pakistan. By extending its peace agenda to Pak-Afghan relations, SAFMA has taken another significant step towards building regional partnerships to foster peace and collective progress. The South and West Asian region is bearing witness to dramatic shifts and changes that will have profound implications for both Pakistan and Afghanistan in the short run and the long run. The long and often difficult history of Pak-Afghan relations has seen common challenges as well as mutually beneficial opportunities. Our histories tied in a complex knot, our two countries have been at the centre of the international politics that

have impacted South Asia since the last century. Today, Pakistan and Afghanistan face a common enemy that upholds violent extremism as an ideology and uses bloody terrorism as a means to its destructive goals. Both our territories have been violated by terrorist forces, our citizens and our forces targeted, and our economies struggling under the stress of the sustained onslaught. We are paying the price for short-sighted policies implemented and pursued in the past by illegitimate regimes, who created these policies to perpetuate their own rule. The damage of these policies was further exacerbated by the international community's blatant neglect of the region after having used it for their war. This was the seed of the chaos that our two nations are left to fight today.

Qamar Zaman Kaira Federal Minister for Information and Broadcasting

Muhammad Almas Zahid, Muhammad Daoud Sultanzoi, Faizullah Zaki and Engineer Muhammad Asim

The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) has never supported this policy towards Afghanistan. Afghanistan is our neighbour and its stability, prosperity and progress are in our best interests. Our two nations must work for each other's development; our stability is intertwined. Our very survival hinges upon the elimination of terrorism. In both Delegates at the dinner hosted by Federal Minister for our countries, there is widespread Information and Broadcasting Qamar Zaman Kaira support for dialogue with those elements willing to abandon violence. Pakistan Parliamentary Resolution also calls for dialogue which, along with development and deterrence, is the key to resolving the issue of terrorism. That said, we must and will draw lines when confronted by elements that seek to spread terror and challenge the writ of our states.

for peace stem from our commitment to strengthening the architecture of our peoples' development in both Afghanistan and Pakistan, that we may move forward on the path of prosperity. Terrorism undermines our efforts to socially and economically empower our people, and this cannot be allowed. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting extends its logistic support to any initiative that aims to institutionalise multi-dimensional interaction between the people of our countries. SAFMA is invited to formulate any such operational methodology and to propose a plan to enhance the professional interaction of journalists across the Pak-Afghan border. Indeed, the deliberations of this conference in Islamabad, and later in Kabul, can help lay the groundwork for a collective response in the new, emerging paradigm in our region. I wish you every success in your efforts to build a partnership for a secure, stable and prosperous future in our region.

The ability of terrorist forces to maintain a presence in the region, while operating transnationally, calls for a coordinated response to the threat. Internal challenges must be addressed, but the entire region must jointly address the issue of terrorism. This is swiftly becoming an inescapable fact. Pakistan continues to stress and pursue regional cooperation on our western and eastern borders to this very end. It has become abundantly apparent that neither warmongering nor finger-pointing serves the interest of peace. In dealing with a common enemy, no country can afford to ignore the significance of regional partnership All our domestic and international efforts

Murtaza Solangi, Agha Nasir, Afrasiab Khattak, Ashfaq Gondal, Ch Manzoor, Rahimullah Yousafzai, Munnoo Bhai and Ghazi Salahuddin with other guests

Committee I Security, Peace and Terrorism Chairs: Gen (Retd.) Talat Masood (Pakistan) Mr Faizullah Zaki (Afghanistan) Rapporteur: Zebunnisa Burki Members Shukria Barakzai, Aqab Malik, Khurram Javed Qazi Manzoor Gichki, Arif Kozai, Gul Bacha Hashim Baber, Zahid Kazmi, Haji Adeel Brig Mahmood Shah, Bismillah Kakar, Ismail Yoon, Haji Almas Zaki: Distinguished guests, I congratulate you for beginning this initiative which includes parliamentarians, civil society, and experts. We had the honour of being received and hosted by Mr Zardari, as well as Ms Fehmdia Mirza. We already have many shared initiatives; we should be more focused on where to go from here.

Gen Talat Masood: Security threats in Pakistan and Afghanistan are so paramount that their entire destinies are hostage to the security situation in the region. Both countries are joined together by religion, geography ethnicity. As our destinies are shared, the fact is that if there is instability in Afghanistan, there is instability in Pakistan and vice versa. If Afghanistan prospers, there is positive fallout in Pakistan and vice versa. We see no reason why both countries should not have a shared vision, including shared intelligence, operational plans. We do not have a shared vision; sometimes our intelligence is not shared, we don't have enough confidence in each other to do that. I think we really need a joint â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and realistic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; approach. The consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the way the jihad took place and weakened the state of Afghanistan have completely shattered state structures, traditions, norms and binds on both sides. We have to recreate these bonds so that life can go back to normalcy. How do we bring about peace while these insurgencies and interventions by the US and NATO are going on? As per the new US policy, there will be an increase in troop strength, which will probably also mean an increase in the activities of the insurgents.

Members of Committee I

What are the alternatives? One has been that there should be a dialogue with those so called reconcilable militants. We have to see if it is feasible to engage in dialogue and whether there should be other modes of dialogue. Is it possible that if we speak to the reconcilable (so-called moderate Taliban) they might lose their support within the Taliban? There is a blame game going on: we hear from Afghanistan that Pakistan is supporting groups inimical to Afghanistan and vice versa. We also have to discuss how to bring about peace and security through economic programmes. How can culture solidify relations between the countries?

but we can surely influence their opinion because we are the ones on whom they are trying to impose their will. I think we should not underestimate our own selves. Mr Yoon: Wherever there is poverty, there are more Taliban. Where there is education and development there are less Taliban. As for madrassas, there are more madrassas in Pakistan than Afghanistan, and most students are Afghans. Nothing can be done without coordination between the two countries' intelligence agencies. The local administration on both sides should coordinate. In Pashtun culture the traditional elders have gone down and religious elders have come up. In Pakistan the local people got up and said no to the Taliban, the government should support them. Also economic interests should be given priority. Mr Yoon (in response to a question): In reality, where there is education, there are less Taliban and less opium production.

Mr Imtiaz Alam making a point

Questions from the Afghan delegates: What is the situation of security? How do we view the power of the Taliban and the US? Gulbashah Majidi: Firstly, what we discussed in the jirga has not been implemented. How will this be implemented? Second, NATO or the US are not in control and we cannot say much about them since they are not here. Gen Talat Masood: We are only making recommendations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we are not implementers. We can only recommend to the governments. You are parliamentarians and your voices can be heard. Our opinion should be sent across in both the countries. Second, obviously NATO is not under our control

Zainul Abedin Farid: The first condition is to promote trust between the two sides, and this can only happen if the thought process is the same. We should discuss our faith and see if there are any differences, and then confront the reality. The positives need to be identified. Reconciliation is in fact a harmony between people. What happened in Pakistan? Why did the people go towards the Taliban? Senator Abdul Raheem Khan: The actual thing is that we have to find reason; diplomacy will not get us anywhere. Substantive talk is needed â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we need to see reality and look at those who have declared war against us. These people are a reality. Both governments should decide that they will not allow bases on their soil from where people can attack across the border. We should make sure that conditions are created to allow US exit. But we also have to be careful not to surrender the state to terrorists (eg, Swat). Gen Talat Masood: Afghanistan and Pakistan should not give bases to terrorists so that they can create problems for either country or community. The problem is: how do we eliminate these sanctuaries because the state has no capacity to do so?

Zahid Kazmi: I think we ought to open up the NATO's mandate and see if they are authorised to operate outside Europe. It is a fact that NATO is trying to impose its will. If they leave Afghanistan, what will be the consequence? To my understanding there will be chaos. We need to strengthen our own selves before they leave. Before 9/11 we had good relations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; I think that Afghanistan thinks that Pakistan is abetting the Taliban. We need to mutually understand each other. PPP MNA: Somebody is trying to destabilise this whole region and we need to identify who it is. Afghanistan is capable of creating its own institutions while NATO wants to create the Afghanistan state itself. In Pakistan there is a judicial vacuum; people don't get justice and that is why they get involved in terrorism. Hashim Baber: We people, in both countries, are faced with an insurgency to a level where military action and the local police are indispensable and must go hand in hand. In counter insurgency, never has the military succeeded alone. In Pakistan, we do not help train police or indigenous forces or local intelligence to cope with this. On the other hand, we have great hopes that since the NATO are training the Afghan police and military, once the military take over the fight they will be able to handle it. Pakistan must come to the realisation that it is a genuine and regional fight because even India and Central Asia is involved. How to eliminate sanctuaries? Unless indigenous forces are trained and have enough intelligence with the help of people only then can these be eliminated. Aqab Malik: There is no cohesive strategy among Pakistanis, we are confused, we have to know where we are going in the future. How do we then consider what the Taliban is? We have to see that there are foreign elements in both countries. The Taliban represent a considerable strength, do we kill them all off? The Americans have realised that this is not a winnable war. We have to see what is common between us and them and how far do we take it? Let them play the real game of politics within a democratic structure. Shakir: How do we know the actual facts from both sides? People to people contact should be strengthened. Khurram Javed Qazi: Poverty is a major factor. We need to address that factor. The Afghan national security forces cost an estimated 3.5 billion per year. A

multilateral support fund needs to be established to fund them. Gen Talat Masood: When you don't engage in dialogue then military intervention becomes clear. First priority is always security. Haji Almas: I am so happy that finally the two governments have realised that we have to cooperate. As you know governments might change but nations stay. We lost so many Afghans during the jihad. You must also agree that you were also a target of the Russians and that the Afghans sacrificed for you too. Yesterday we were blaming each other that Taliban is only in Afghanistan but now Pakistan is also calling them a real threat. And I am sure very soon we will reach an agreement as to who is supporting them. We have realised that the threat is on both sides. We can work together in close contact through the security

General (R) Talat Masood and Faizullah Zaki chairing Committee I

committees of both sides. Mr Manzoor Gichki: We have to involve other countries like India, Russia, China and Iran to help us to resolve this problem. Munawwar Nizami: Whatever strategy the US announces, we support it; we are weak and need them. We know all about the terrorists but don't have the capacity to handle them. Peace can be seen in long and short terms. Education is long term. In the short term we want the mohajirs back because they are helping the terrorists. If Pakistan cannot fight these people how can Afghanistan? I wonder why Pakistan with such a huge army cannot fight these people. We expect sincerity from Pakistan. If we all say we cannot fight them, where will we go? Arif Kozai: We should talk about reality and not politics. We suspect that all these 22

Taliban are helped by Pakistan. You yourself have admitted that you have bases and sometimes you negotiate with them and have agreements. If we resolve this, it would be historic. We have lost hope â&#x20AC;&#x201C; if you cannot defeat them, how can we? What help can you give us? International forces say they will help. At least between us and the Taliban can you bring about an agreement? If you pressurise them, you will also get rid of them in your country. You should come out and not have any hidden agendas. The Afghan muhajireen should participate in the coming elections. There are so many Afghans in Pakistani jails. Please free them, they are usually held without charges. Amin Khattak: We have been separated and that is how it all started. We should stop supplying rulers to Afghanistan. People know who created the Taliban; all these countries have special representatives and they are talking about our area. We should all get together and be very sincere with each other since they have their own agendas. Shukria Barakzai Female MP: I disagree with people who say that lack of development etc lead to the Taliban; in Pakistan, how much territory is under your own (state) control? The Taliban today are a threat to both Pakistan and Afghanistan. We cannot ignore them anymore, but they need rights too. And some places in Pakistan are being ignored (neglected) and you need to bring them into the mainstream. If we want to solve the problem the two governments need to talk. Bring the tribal elders to those places which are targets, they need to be part of the decision making. Pak was acting as big brother to Afghanistan, which we cannot take. Regional cooperation is needed and we should not be part of â&#x20AC;&#x153;big policiesâ&#x20AC;?. The border area is neither under your control nor ours. Gul Bacha: No one implemented what was said at the jirga. The only talib at fault is the one connected with Al Qaeda. Haji Adeel: The writ of the state is non-existent in FATA. It needs to be restored and I hope it will be. Delegates from both Pakistan and Afghanistan thought that the two counties were facing the gravest threat of terrorism and extremism which is causing immense harm to their national interest and creating instability, death and destruction. Unless very strong measures are taken to counter wave these forces, it will not be possible to achieve stability in the region. The two sides also agree that the governments of both countries should engage in dialogue with those insurgents who are prepared to give up their arms and integrate them in the political life of their countries. 23

Note: The issue of drone attacks was also raised during deliberations, but the Afghan delegation pointed out that since it only affected Pakistan, the issue has best be negotiated in a bilateral way with the US. Recommendations 1. There must be greater levels of coordination between the security agencies of the two countries. The necessary level of cooperation is not there at the present. 2. Trade, commerce and economic interaction should be increased between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The greater the economic activity, the less there are chances of militancy. This should also be accompanied by further strengthening cultural links. 3. The quality of police efficiency and response to terrorism needs a lot of improvement. Police force in both countries requires training of a higher order to successfully meet the challenge of terrorism. There has to be greater synergy between the police and the security forces to achieve better performance in counter terrorism. 4. The involvement of regional countries Iran, India, Russia, China and the Gulf States will be helpful in stabilising the region. If they contribute in a positive sense, it would assist counter terrorism efforts. The inclusion of the Gulf States will be very useful. 5. The military operations must avoid collateral damage. 6. The governments and intelligence agencies of Pakistan and Afghanistan must cooperate so that all negative perceptions of each other are removed. 7. The good relations that exist between the two countries should be further strengthened. 8. Cultivation, processing and trafficking of narcotics is one of the main sources of funding for the militants. Efforts must be made to tackle this issue. In the past all measures failed due to lack of substantial alternatives provided to the farmers. This needs to be resolved. 9. There should be cooperation between the security committees of parliaments of both countries. 10. The contact group under UN auspices should make long term commitments for sustaining Afghanistan's security forces and to help improve Pakistan's military/intelligence capabilities to fight terrorism, while recognising its legitimate national security interest. 11. The Jirga process should continue.

Committee II

Economic Cooperation Chairs: Dr Shahid Kardar (Pakistan) Daoud Sultanzoy (Afghanistan) Rapporteur: Khalid Hussain Members: Samiullah Khan Engineer Khyal Mohammad Mohammad Teerawal Baz Mohammad Jwazjani Al-Haj Bidar Zazia Al-Haj Raees Abdul Baqi â&#x20AC;&#x153;Malikzadaâ&#x20AC;? Izharulhaq Ahady Ashfaq Saleem Mirza The agenda was open and the delegates took full advantage of the liberal opportunity to discuss a number of issues on the table. The spirit of the discussions was defined by a consensus that the two countries must aim for a joint economic market in the future. The meeting began by acknowledging the ubiquitous security context that affects everything in the Pak-Afghan region. The Afghan delegates posited a

symbiotic relationship between the security context and the economy; when the former suffered so did the latter, but equally, a robust economy inevitably improves the security. The committee delegates agreed that trade was a good basis upon which to construct a foundation of confidence, and that investment and security were inextricably related. They also stressed the importance of creating a level-playing field for all trade related issues. Shahid Kardar proposed a few key areas to focus upon, including communications, trade, services, foreign investment, human resource development, education and health. The Afghan delegates also proposed a number of topics for discussion, including issues related to customs and tariffs. Exports from Afghanistan are seasonal and often perishable, and thus hard-hit by an inefficient transfer process, causing significant trade losses. Ways in which the trade deficit of Afghanistan could be addressed through investment and services were also discussed. It was agreed that fiscal and monetary policies requires harmonisation via institutional mechanisms which would address anomalies, macro-economic imbalances and structural disharmonies. Shahid Kardar: Free trade addresses many of these issues. We can do that under South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA). It will take care of a number of issues including customs and tariffs and related issues. As far as procedures go,

Deliberations on how to increase economic cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Afghanistan has far stricter ones than Pakistan. Afghanistan will have to do much more than Pakistan will.

are now offering. There is also a challenge to the Afghan corridor, for Pakistan denies its linkages with Central Asia.

As for addressing trade deficit, what can we do? The transit agreements we had are based only on one-way transit. If Afghan businessmen suffer because of problems with Pakistani bureaucracy, the Parliament can issue a decree to address these.

Examples include transit, the monopoly, there are some agencies whether you use them in Karachi or Chaman, and you pay them even if you do not use them. These practices do not follow the agreements in place. There are problems on both sides.

For the creation of a foundation for good future of trade, it should not only be at a bilateral level but new links with Iran should also be developed. So beyond reciprocity, we are asking Pakistan for better terms. Our businessmen are used to this route and they do not want to go through the alternatives. If your trade encounters any difficulties in Afghanistan or Central Asia, let us know and we will do all we can to facilitate.

Ashfaq Saleem Mirza: The other issue of concern to our importers is that every container is opened and often damaged, which causes unreasonable expense and irredeemable loss. This is something that can be prevented.

Our problems are lingering from the 1970s; even SAFTA has not been implemented. For example Afghani trucks cannot come to Pakistan but Pakistani ones can come to Afghanistan. These issues must be addressed not only to improve trade but to build an environment of safety and confidence. We cannot sign treaties or agreements, but we can make a solid bid to establish confidence. We can agree to implementing past agreements and we can pledge to promote improved relations. Wheat imports from Chahbahar challenge the domination of Pakistani supplies.

Iran and Chahbahar is providing land for Afghan businesses. Pakistan should also consider this. Otherwise it will trigger a shift and the Pakistanis would be well advised to heed these warning flags. Ashfaq Saleem Mirza: A joint commission should be established. Shahid Kardar: Maybe we need a formal body to deal with these issues on a more regular basis. It appears that even the meetings with the finance minister do not take place regularly. Sixty percent of all these issues have already been discussed and agreed upon.

Ashfaq Saleem Mirza: You earlier said your exports were mostly perishables suffering because of problems in Pakistan. In the second part you have focused on imports only. Can you point out the bottlenecks in the standing trade agreements? Shahid Kardar: We talked about Afghan trade and we must. It is important to understand what the proposals are. There are many re-exports like auto parts. Tariff issues are resolved in SAFTA. We can move swiftly on that and then we can take up other things. Afghan trade was the issue of most concern to the Afghan delegation. The context of our talks is to make our recommendation on a mutual and just foundation that will enhance our trade relations and conducive to improvements in other relations. If there is a different regime in Afghanistan then the trade might be shifted towards Iran. So Pakistan must compete with the facilities others in the region

Daoud Sultanzoi and Shahid Kardar chaired Committee II

We should say that there is a body already in place. It must be institutionalised. Cigarettes, edible oils and auto parts are the only three items on the Afghan Transit Agreement. The problem lies with the practices. Afghans agree we have to develop a regular mechanism at a more practical level to ensure frequent meetings. We need to improve the existing systems as well. Pakistani policies encouraged the apple producers in Pakistan to invest heavily, then Pakistan went to China and elsewhere and Afghan apples are rotting. Fruits and vegetables are bought in season, stored in chillers here and then re-exported out of season. This is causing poverty. We need to address these issues. The issue on tariffs can be addressed in SAFTA. There is a twofold solution. First issue is tariffs. We are suffering from a dangerous situation. Everything has been dismantled in Afghanistan, while the systems are in place in Pakistan. We have lost hundreds of small factories. The first step in solving the problem has been taken; we are here. Confidence must be the foundation. What we have at hand is our transit. Afghanistan has fruits and vegetables. 240 million dollar worth of Afghan carpets are sold through Pakistan. There are several things we can do as a group to build confidence that would solve some 80% of our problems. The first is implementing agreements negotiated earlier. The second may be out of our domain: halting the purchase of material at high season and then reselling.

uncompetitive. Ashfaq Saleem Mirza: China has been dumping in Pakistan and our industry is under great pressure. Domination of rupee happens because most Afghan businessmen are based in Pakistan (Peshawar, Quetta). Pakistani currency is being encouraged for greater use in some border areas. In the shoe industry alone 15,000 shoemakers and 2,500 small factories and shops went out of business. There is little that Pakistan can do to discourage the use of its currency by people inside Afghanistan. It only reflects the relations of trade and the flow of resources into those areas. It is simply convenient for people to do so, and they do it. Building greater capacity is the answer for Afghanistan. Education, training for human resources improvement is another area that Pakistan can help Afghanistan with. Instead of blaming one another, we should join fiscal policies for both the Afghani and the Rupee to check illegal transfers. Shahid Kardar: I am a great believer in the idea that Pakistan and Afghanistan should be joint economic partners. Wheat is one example.

Apple tariff incentives changed resulting in high poverty and psychologically devastating impacts on Afghan farmers, which are counterproductive to good neighbourly relations. Daoud Sultanzoi: You were host to half our nation but now we are looking for goodwill. Whatever happened should be considered an aberration and we should continue on the old path of friendship. Afghanistan wants to be the bridge for Pakistan to Central Asia but there must be reciprocity. We need to control the greed on both sides of our border. If we want to build industry in our border areas, you start dumping the same material in that area rendering us

Members of Committee II

Recommendations 1. More regular exchange between different representative bodies on both sides with proper institutionalisation. 2. Visa regime to be improved and relaxed for visitors, workers, professionals and businessmen. 3. The Joint Economic Council (JEC) has already been established, however, it needs to meet more regularly and its effectiveness enhanced to cover areas relating to implementation of Agreements both with respect to official procedures and mechanisms and practices. 4. Finalise and approve at the state level agreements already reached between Afghanistan and Pakistan. 5. Implement Agreements at the ECO level, at SAARC level. 6. For trade facilitation we recommend improvement in custom procedures to facilitate security, reliability and efficiency in the movement of goods between the two countries thereby reducing costs of business. 7. Investment is an important confidence building measure and an essential vehicle for cooperation, understanding and economic development. To this end the Afghan Parliament has already initiated progressive laws to attract for investment. Additional incentives to be

jointly crafted by both governments. Investments by Pakistani entrepreneurs can be induced to help develop small scale industry, public-private partnerships for infrastructure development creating livelihood opportunities for Afghanis with different skills. 8. The economic and finance committees of the two parliaments should meet with greater regularly to drive the process of cooperation ensuring faster and effective implementation. 9. Negotiate and implement a water sharing treaty so that both countries could plan economic utility in their respective jurisdictions over shared sources. 10. Joint strategy on drugs and narcotics must be developed. 11. Pakistan should encourage and support capacity building of Afghan youth in professional disciplines and technical skills identified by Afghanistan to underpin their economic development. In particular technical and vocational training will help augment employment prospects and earnings of migrant Afghan workers and thereby the prosperity. (Pakistan gave 1,000 scholarships turned down by Mr. Karzai, India has 7,000 students. He had no right. We must work on this as Pakistan is a natural destination for Afghan students.) 12. Move towards a joint economic market in future with a clear plan and timeline.

Committee III Media, Culture, Education and Parliamentary Cooperation Chairs: Dr Sarfaraz Khan (Pakistan) Engineer M Asim (Afghanistan) Rapporteur: Rasheed Khalid Members Ahmad Farid Haidery, Cultural AttachĂŠ, Afghan Embassy Akram Shah Mahmood PKMAP, Ashfaq Ahmad, SANA, Barhamnnd Tangi PPP, Din Mohammad Azeemi, MP Farzana Ali, Aaj TV, Shahabuddin, Aaj TV, Ghazi Salahuddin Habibullah Rafi (Afghan Academy of Sciences) Islamuddin Sajid, ExpressNews TV, Peshawar M Baqir Sharifi, Senator, Afghanistan Mahmood Ali, VOA, Najiba Sharif, MP Afghanistan Prof Shahjahan, Dean, Peshawar University, Qadria Ibrahim Yazdan Parast, MP Afghanistan

Qazi Nazeer Ahmad Hanfi, MP Afghanistan Rahimullah Yousufzai, BBC, Peshawar, Shafiq, MP Suleman Laiq, former PDPA Minister, advisor, UNAMA Tanzeela Mazhar, PTV, Umar Farooq Azma Bokhari, MPA, Punjab Zulfiqar Baloch, MP Asim: Collaboration between educational institutions, including higher education ones, and exploring possibilities to promote cooperation between educational centres. How to promote collaboration between media, educational and cultural institutions? Upon the foundation of existing and signed pacts like Turkey's and SAFMA's initiatives, the two countries can make headway. The media does not enjoy significant links across the two countries. Afghan channels have at times been forbidden from working in Pakistan. Little heed is paid to the preservation of our heritage and culture. Were such a focus to exist, it would bolster the promotion of tourism in both countries. Universities in Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar and Islamabad also have no collaborative links. Crossborder scholarships should be established.

Members of Committee III

Najiba Shairf: There should be a joint commission for culture, and cooperative ventures in media (electronic and print) and universities. The Pushto language should be promoted to create unity across the border. A website devoted to PakAfghan issues would allow people from both countries to interact. Anjum Rashid: SAFMA already has such a facility. More interaction between the civil society of both countries should be encouraged. Nazeer Ahmad: Every issue and problem can be resolved through dialogue. Academics, representative of the ulema and engineers should visit each other's countries. Senator Baqir Sharifi: Madrassas are producing terrorists and must be reformed. We should collaborate in administering and overseeing them, and review their syllabi. Madrassas in the two countries could benefit from having joint syllabi. Maulvi Deen Muhammad Azimi: People to people ties are important. Education ministries in the two countries can play a great role by promoting exchange programmes, and this cultural development may have a positive spillover into the political field. Pakistan has made some progress in education and should help Afghanistan do the same. The ulema should also play a positive role.

and decide the truth for ourselves. Dr Sarfaraz: SAFMA could do something to work against bans on media. Some Afghan channels show Urdu, even Punjabi news and dramas. The hostile programmes could be curtailed. Pakistan has already conducted a study on hate-material in textbooks. Afghanistan could benefit from such a study, and perhaps it could be conducted jointly. Anjum Rashid: Analysis of terrorism is a common interest. A common or scholarly work on this topic will get sponsorship and will be beneficial. Azma Bokhari: Unless terrorism is dealt with, we cannot make any change. Islam does not, for example, forbid the education for women. Dr Shahjahan: A meeting of VCs on educational collaboration should be held. Peshawar University is ready to host such a meeting. PU has a radio station and TV studios and can provide training. Bahramnand Khan Tangi: The media should play a positive and constructive role to ameliorate mistrust between our two countries. Shamim Shahid: Urbanisation tarnished our culture.

Habibullah Rafi: We can cooperate in many fields. We should have joint studies and surveys. A Pushto Academy of Peshawar held a session in Barha Gali where the delegation from the Pushto Academy in Kabul agreed upon a common script which was implemented later on. Ahmad Farid: A Pak-Afghan Media Association was created but was swiftly forgotten. There is no ban on Pakistani channels in Afghanistan. Our ambassador was kidnapped six months ago. It is the responsibility of the media to highlight this issue. Former information minister Durrani promised a TV transmitter for Qandhar it has not yet been provided. Suleman Laiq: We should see the syllabi and product of this curriculum. Curriculum should be reviewed. We must no longer ignore religious education. Madrassa syllabi are ruining our students. The Rehman Baba shrine was a beacon of knowledge but was attacked by the misguided. We learnt that the Pakistani government had earlier imposed a ban on Afghan TV Channels. We should demand the free exchange of information and protest any policies that run counter to this principle. Let us hear every voice 29

Mrs Qadria Yazdan with Dr Sarfaraz Khan

Ghazi Salahuddin: We must endeavour to establish links with non-Pashtun regions of Pakistan. Negative propaganda must be tackled in an environment which fosters rational debate. The imagined relationship between conservatism

Recommendations:

and Islam must be broken. Civil society should coordinate better, for progressives and liberals lack the coordination that terrorists unfortunately enjoy.

Joint promotion of Pashto language and literature by Pashto Academies of the two countries.

Parliamentary Committees Culture ·

Formation of Joint Parliamentary Committee for peace and Friendship. Joint Commission of the respective Ministries of Education, Culture and Information and Parliamentary Committees to look into the following:

Education · ·

· · ·

Formal relationship between academies of sciences of both the countries. Convening of the meeting of VCs of universities of Pakistan and Afghanistan to initiate cooperation. Peshawar University VC has offered to host such a meeting. Joint research projects, seminars, conferences in the field of curriculum development and purging the existing syllabi of hate material and to curb terrorism. Not to ignore religious/madrassa education and reforming it. Exchange of students, faculty members, ulema. Allocation of seats for students of both countries in each others academia.

· · · ·

Respective Ministries of Cultural should initiate negotiations to enter into cultural pacts. Establishment of Pak-Afghan Cultural and Friendship Centres. Exchange of cultural troupes. Cooperation in preserving and promoting national heritage of the two countries, especially museums.

Media · Curbing hostile propaganda against each others in public and private sectors' print and electronic media. · Revival of Pak-Afghan working journalists union. · Cooperation between press clubs of both countries. · Lifting curbs on all TV channels in both countries. · Facilitating safe access of journalists to report events in both the countries. · Cooperation between publishing houses. · Facilitating easy access to newspapers and journals to citizens of both countries.

Committee IV Overall Relationship and Measures to Build Long-Term Partnership Chairs: Dr Azmat Hayat (Pakistan) Maulvi Ataullah Ludin (Afghanistan) Rapporteur: Mehmal Sarfraz Members Senator Afrasiab Khattak, ANP, Yasir Halim Baizai, Asad Afridi Aliya Qazizade Qardash, Qazi Surraya Ahmad Yar Dr SC. Phil Kabir Ranjbar, Majnoon Gulab Abdul Hameed Mubarez, Mukhtar Khan Yousafzai M Akram Zaki, M Abdul Khabir, Mukhtar Bacha Juma Khan Sufi Dr Azmat Hayat: First I will discuss the proposals that I have brought with me.

Deliberating on overall relationship and measures to build long-term partnership

Dr Azmat Hayat: I will first discuss the proposals I have brought with me. There are two things vital for a lasting relationship: 1) Education 2) Economy Education: 15% of seats in all provinces are reserved for Afghan students, and have been since the days of Zia. It is a long-term investment. We have found people in Afghanistan to be responsive to this initiative; they have forged affiliations with our educational institutes. If we allotted even 10% of the seats, it would still prove beneficial. Unfortunately, their status as foreign students bogs down the admission process. In Zia's time, the process was much simpler due to direct admission. This practice should be reinstituted. We should give them a special student status. There are many Afghans who want to study in Pakistan.

Economy: Our economies are integrated. Afghanistan is a large economic market for Pakistan. Although only Torkham and Chaman are registered,, even the official trade across the border is valued at Rs 1 billion Pak, and Rs 7-8million Afghan but the value of the unofficial trade is far greater, and exceeds that of Pak- Iran or Pak- India trade. This should be properly channelled. As it stands today, skilled workers go through back channels. When Iran gave them access, Afghan businessmen said they preferred to transit via Pakistan. The government should move to facilitate this. Long-term: 1) From Quetta-Kandhar, Kandhar-Herat and plain areas, we can facilitate train lines and invest to bolster Afghan economic prosperity. 2) We should set up electric networks from Tajikistan to Pakistan. Ajeegar in Bamiyan is the richest iron ore mine in the world. From Kabul to Karachi, we can set up small foundries which will have no ill effect on Karachi Steel Mills. 3) The Logar Copper mines are, again, among the richest in content. 4) We should either allot quotas for Afghans in our Cadet Colleges, or set them up in Afghanistan itself. 5) We must not neglect the Northern areas.

Maulvi Ataullah Ludin: We should divide our goals and plans into two categories: short-term and long-term. To strengthen and maintain a good relationship between our two countries, the media must play a role and take a positive approach. I appreciate what Ms Fehmida Mirza said regarding the establishment of parliamentary committees. We must ensure that Pakistani and Afghan parliamentarians are on friendly terms. In the spirit of expanding the burgeoning friendship between the people of our two countries, I support the suggestion of Governor Owais Ghani: to change the visa requirements from both sides to an 'on-arrival visa'. There should also be more intelligence sharing between the two countries. Cross-border infiltration destabilizes and hurts both Pakistan and Afghanistan; it is to our mutual benefit to share all our intelligence in that regard. We take the peace Jirga very seriously, and we expect our Pakistani brothers will do so as well. We must work hard to realise the decisions taken there. To achieve our short term goals, we must bring attention to the two million refugees in Pakistan. Afrasiab Khattak: Abdul Khaliq Farahi, the ambassador designate of Afghanistan who was kidnapped, should be recovered. Dr SC Phil: I interfered because the purpose of this committee is to discuss the strategic aspects which will bring about long-term friendship between

Members of Committee IV

these two countries. What are the obstacles that have arisen? The first issue is of friendship and peaceful coexistence. We need to find and weed out the root causes of the strain on this cross-border relationship. The other approach is to work to establish inter-parliamentary relationships so that we can sort out any issues through our respective Mps. Abdul Khabir: I agree with my colleague's statement. The main function of this committee is to discuss the general relationship between the two countries. We need a comprehensive strategy that embodies all our principle , through which we can strengthen our relationship. We must overcome the trust deficit. We must bridge the gap created between the governments and the peoples. We should also incorporate multiple aspects into this endeavour, which forges ties between our government institutions, our businessmen and our peoples. Our intelligence services should cooperate. A good, transparent and comprehensive mechanism should be constructed that will bring both countries together in the struggle against terrorism. A sustainable relationship between the different institutions can lead a broad-based, long-term relationship. Workshops and seminars for better mutual understanding should be conducted. Friendship associations shuld be forged between experts, lawyers and scholars, as this can play a fundamental role in the fulfilment of our goals and objectives. Abdul Hameed Mubarez: Both sides should be unsatisfied with what has so far been done. The current situation has gotten so dire, it raises a question about the sustainability and the very existence of our two countries. An

alliance between them is the key to addressing this problem. There is lack of confidence. As Governor Ghani said, we should learn from history and not be its prisoners. Things have changed. We are in a defensive position now. I should be very explicit and frank: we cannot harm Pakistan and Pakistan cannot make us its fifth province. Rather than fostering animosity, we need to cooperate. We must find an approach to solve our issues. There is a need for change. The media can play a vital role in this. I agree with Mr Khattak's view that the media can put a very negative spin on events. Mutual interaction is really necessary and can be more fruitful. In spite of our history and proximity, we still have problems in understating this nation. We are very pleased to have Mr Zardari as the president of Pakistan, as he has taken initiatives to bring peace to the region. We we were very pleased with the introduction of the name Pakhtoonkhwa, as opposed to 'Subah Sarhad'. Both countries have democratic governments, which is another step in the right direction. Now both governments can talk on behalf of their people. A door of understating has opened between the two nations. Economy can play a fundamental role. If we develop the economic links, it will be to our mutual benefit. I believe that we have a great deal in common, such as culture, religion, etc. I am heartbroken s about the events unfolding in Swat right now. In the history of both nations, jirgas have played a very important role and we should be very frank in our interactions. My recommendation is that the media play a positive role in a stronger relationship between the two countries. I am really happy about the spirit of cooperation between the two governments.

Maulvi Ataullah Ludin with Senator Afrasiab Khattak and other members of Committee IV

M Akram Zaki: I have heard my colleagues from both Pak and Afghanistan. I agree that the mandate of this committee is to talk about the broad aspects of the relationship, as there are three other committees discussing different things. One cause of friction between us is the danger of terrorism. Our task is to focus on the changed mindset. We had very close relations when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. Pakistan provided help above and beyond its resources. Unfortunately, certain developments that were a bi-product of the same struggle derailed the continuation of that cooperative relationship. After that, other countries' interests got involved. Now that we have an elected government and now that our media has taken the initiative to normalise the

relationship, we should capitalize on this positive step. Once we take this fundamental decision, we can take cooperation to institutional levels. There have already been great initiatives at the presidential level. President Zardari invited Karzai here for his inauguration. They have also signed a declaration of future cooperation. Now the parliamentarians are getting together and Ms Fehmida Mirza has made some good suggestions. This parliamentary commission can divide itself into sub-sections and then work accordingly. We need to find ways to establish intelligence exchanges and fight terrorism, to cooperate in the field of education and liberalise trade. SAFMA will provide us with a good platform from which to co-opt the media's cooperation. We recognise a positive change in the relationship. Afghanistan is technically a landlocked country, but if we are friends, it has access to oceans. Central Asia is an energy-surplus region and its energy is landlocked. If Pakistan and Afghanistan cooperate, we can become a corridor of energy. Since both Afghanistan and Pakistan are in SAARC, the energy requirement of India can be addressed, which will improve relations between Pakistan and India. If we work together, the problem of terrorism can be solved. Joint economic plans can be taken together. In 1993 the first foreign ministers conference was held in Quetta. The plan was to have railroads and

Dr. Azmat Hayat from Pakistan and Maulvi Ataullah Ludin from Afghanistan

pipelines through Gwadar port. Apart from bilateral ties, we should work together at the ECO and SAARC level. We can become a hub of prosperity. NWFP, Balochistan and Afghanistan are rich in mineral resources. We should change our mentality from that of warriors to one geared towards peaceful development. There are two models in the world: the failed American model which relies on force, and the Chinese model which focused inwards. We should follow the Chinese model for a peaceful rise to greatness. Education is very necessary. Our people are very hardworking, but they need training. If we train them, they will produce results. We must develop control of cyber space where our ideas are projected. Then, we can all have prosperous and peaceful lives. We must make an active decision to let go the unpleasantness of things past, remember good things and move ahead; then create mutually beneficial institutions. Dr Azmat Hayat: The bedroom is in Afghanistan, the toilet is in Pakistan, the mullah in Waziristan, the people following him in Pakistan. Since we have a porous border, we cannot stop such movement. There is nothing better than having strong ties in the economic and education sectors. A delegate: First of all, we have to accept that Afghanistan is an independent country. Whatever positive events happen in Afghanistan should be reflected in the media of Pakistan. Afghanistan has long been a friend of Pakistan whenever Pakistan faced an outside threat â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in 1965, the Afghanistan government assured Pakistan that there was no threat from their side of the border. Obama has expressed a lot in his speech but the Pakistani media focused only on two things: $ 1.5 billion assistance and that the Afghan government is corrupt. There are different elements in Afghanistan that are supporting terrorists or are in favour of them. Those who say that there is unrest in this region because Nato came to Afghanistan should realise that this is not true. Afghan foreign policy should not be created by the intelligence agencies but by the parliament and politicians. Asad Afridi: 1) Controversial issues between the two countries should not be given any attention. 2) There should be a Pak-Afghan People's Friendship Forum. 3) Both countries' basic issue (bone of contention) is the existence of FATA. Before 9/11, there was a genial atmosphere for such people in Fata. They were shifted here. FATA is the focus of all international community too. Regionally, internationally and locally we have to make a policy for a reform agenda in FATA. Shariat is not the answer.

4) War-economy has been given a very big hold in this region. Real development programmes should be brought there instead. We need to plan for this and ask international stakeholders for assistance. Mukhtar Bacha: Strategy is important; details can be sorted out later. Attitudes have to be taken first. Pakistan's map cannot be changed, we need to realise this. We cannot go to the Middle East, Afghanistan cannot go to Europe. Durand line's issue is unnecessary; economy will decide it in future. In economy, we need human resource and transit. Recommendations 1) The two sides should agree to work together to fight terrorism. 2) There are certain elements in both countries that are supporting terrorism and causing instability. The governments of both countries should jointly take steps to tackle them. 3) For lasting cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan, there should be cooperation in the education sector. Pakistan should offer its educational institutions for Afghan students on a priority basis and their admission process should be made easier. 4) Stress should be laid on greater economic cooperation between the two countries for the benefit of their people. 5) General visa rules should be relaxed and visas should be issued on

arrival. 6) Joint Parliamentary Committees to be formed to seek cooperation in resolving the grave challenges facing both countries. 7) Follow up on the decisions of peace jirgas in both countries. 8) As far as peaceful coexistence is concerned, both countries should respect sovereignty of each other and not interfere in any policy or security matters. 9) Expansion of people-to-people interaction should be strengthened. Efforts should be made to set up a Pak-Afghan people's forum to improve ties between the people and civil society. 10) Measures to stop drug trade should be taken. 11) Replace war economy with real development programmes geared towards peace. 12) A special development package focusing on the problems facing the people should be initiated for areas on both sides of the Pak-Afghan border, including FATA, to serve as an incentive for peace. 13) Media should play a positive role for the betterment of relations between the two countries. 14) Both countries should facilitate the honourable return of the Afghan refugees to Afghanistan. As long as they are required to stay in Pakistan, they should be assisted in peace and with honour, in line with the international conventions.

Concluding Session The Way Forward

Mr. Najm-ud-din Khan, Abdul Sattar Khawasi, Ehsanullah Arianzai, Azam Khan Swati, Dr Farooq Sattar, Mrs Qadria Yazdan and Azma Bokhari

Recipe for ills Mr Faisal Karim Kundi We are united in history and geography; we share the same faith and culture; we even speak a common language on both sides of the borderline. The establishment of a democratic government in Pakistan has heralded a new era of cooperation and understanding with Afghanistan. Constructive engagement on political issues, military intelligence and development tracks has resulted in fostering a perpetually strengthening environment of mutual respect. Similarly, I also consider the role of forums like SAFMA of prime importance. The fact that SAFMA has consistently enabled the visionary souls of the SAARC region to sit together despite all odds and mutual misgivings clearly indicates the vitality of this platform. I, therefore, congratulate SAFMA's Secretary General and all concerned for providing us yet another opportunity and hope that this organisation will continue to build bridges, fill in the existing gaps and bring our two sides further closer.

Faisal Karim Kundi Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan

t is my pleasure to address this illustrious gathering of fellow parliamentarians, noted scholars and leading personalities from the world of media. I would particularly like to avail this opportunity to wholeheartedly welcome our worthy guests from the brotherly country of Afghanistan. Your presence here is evidence of the close and growing bonds of friendship and respect between the two nations.

There is no doubt that democracy is the recipe for the ills brought by decades of repression and oppression. However, we must also not forget that with democracy there has to be a forceful support of development and modernisation, which is usually lacking in the newly liberated countries. We have to open channels between our two sides and within our respective societies by mingling our people. Women have long remained neglected and have suffered silently. Now is the time that their voices must be heard loud and clear. They must be included in each and every tier of decision-making by giving them their due representation in all peace and functional jirgas. It is time for new ideas, it is time for bold commitment and it is time for honesty. There has been enough pain. It is time for reconciliation.

Moving forward Dr Farooq Sattar faced with, which is the scourge of extremism and fanaticism. The challenge and the threat is none other than terrorism. I would like to thank and congratulate SAFMA on this bold endeavour. I am confident that the deliberations and the discussions in this conference and the declaration at the end of this conference will be a very valuable input for the parliamentarians and the policy-makers on the two sides to develop a regional rather than a country-specific approach to deal with this menace of extremism and terrorism. Dialogues are based on real politic needs. It is achievable for us long term neighbours to become long term partners if we sincerely believe in moving forward. The extreme distrust has to be done away with, we need to bury the past and make a departure from our past. The mindset has to be changed. Unfortunately, the stark reality is that the region has become a focus of the global war on terror and has become a source of terror. The region and its people have become the worst affected. The need for a joint, united strategy cannot be emphasised enough. The time is now. The international community has also realised this. The US has a special envoy as well as a European Union envoy for Pakistan and Afghanistan. We have people like Imtiaz Alam who can become our envoy in the region to develop a longterm sustainable partnership. SAFMA has played a crucial role in the region, especially for Indo-Pak relations. After Mumbai attack, there was a lot of hype and jingoism, but Mr Alam was able to save the sanctity of that process and the leaders of both sides had to retreat on their hostile attitudes. Dr Farooq Sattar MQM

t is indeed a matter of my privilege to be amongst a galaxy of parliamentarians, editors and experts from both Afghanistan and Pakistan. I have come here to show my solidarity with the process that SAFMA has finally initiated between the two countries. The holding of this important conference is a very noble idea indeed. An all-sided partnership between these two countries is much needed, much awaited and a practical step that will go a long way in enabling the people as the governments of our two countries to combat the biggest ever challenge that we are commonly

We cannot afford to be hostile to each other or become traditional rivals. We are neighbours and we need to stand united in the aftermath of 9/11. No country has the capacity to defeat this Frankenstein's monster; it will have to be a concerted effort on the part of all the countries in this region, especially Afghanistan and Pakistan. We can bring change and we must aim for peace.

Focusing the roots Mr Zafar Iqbal Jhagra

global problem that must be addressed globally. If we take a close look at the complex, evolving paradigm that has existed in and between our two countries over the past decade, we can see a new regional environment emerging, especially between Pakistan and Afghanistan, with the following prominent features: First, there exists strong popular support for peace and friendly relations between the countries Second, within the region and without, there is a powerful emerging consensus that the use of force cannot be a panacea to overcome or curb terrorism. Third, and most important, is the fact that terrorism is no longer a regional issue, and that South Asia's goals of peace, stability, growth and prosperity are no longer internal challenges. There seems to be a dawning realisation that all politics in the modern world is global. Regarding Pak-Afghan relations, I must stress the urgent need for the leadership on both sides to take stock of the new political environment and respect each other's national interests and sentiments, and the powerful demand of their people for peace and for normal relations with one another. Zafar Iqbal Jhagra PML-N

commend SAFMA for organising this conference on issues of such vital importance for peace and stability in Pakistan, Afghanistan, the region as a whole and the international community.

Pakistan has always considered Afghanistan united by brotherhood as well as borders, and believes that a stable Afghanistan is essential for peace and stability between the two countries and in the region. Our region has become the hub of diplomatic activity, much of which is engaged in accusing Pakistan and Afghanistan for the rise of terrorism which is, in truth, a

A more important factor which must be addressed is the presence of US and NATO forces in Afghanistan. There is little doubt that so long as foreign troops remain stationed in Afghanistan, relations between the Pakistan and Afghanistan will continue to suffer. Another key factor in curbing terrorism is to focus on the root-causes rather than solely on the symptoms. The most prominent of these root-causes are poverty and illiteracy. Last but not the least, we must move to implement the joint resolution passed unanimously by the parliament of Pakistan, in which emphasis has been laid on dialogue with genuine stakeholders and in the pursuit of an independent foreign policy.

Sincerity required Azam Khan Swati Minister for Science and Technology

t is a profound moment that great honourable Afghans are here. My heart bleeds when I see what is happening in this region. We need to find the root cause of this situation and it is heartbreaking to see that we still have not been able to find a solution. Solution doesn't lie in the presence of NATO forces and Americans in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It cannot be resolved with the drones and 1.5 billion dollars. The forum is a defining moment in bringing the two brothers closer because there cannot be any peace in Pakistan unless there is sovereign, peaceful and independent Afghanistan. We are interlinked together. We can enjoy that peace by bringing the Muslim countries together. Unless Muslim countries are sincere in bringing peace to Afghanistan, we will have many problems in Pakistan and rest of the region. Since the issue has become regional and international, let us bring all regional forces including India and China on board as well. Let us find a roadmap as to how we can stop the killing of innocent citizens. We need to build your trust in a way that can really deliver what you have proposed on this forum. (His ideas represent his party, JUI-F, not the government.)

Abdul Sattar Khawasi, Ehsanullah Arianzai, Azam Khan Swati, Dr Farooq Sattar and Mrs Qadria Yazdan

Governments must heed Mr Abdul Sattar Khawasi Afghanistan and Pakistan always defend and support one another in every difficulty and solve one another's problems as their own problem. Now, presence of the international forces in Afghanistan is under the resolution of United Nations Secretary Council and their main motive is to restore peace and security. Afghanistan wants peace and security within and in its neighbourhood and expects the neighbouring countries to support us in promoting peace and security inside Afghanistan which will have positive impact on them. Here I would emphasise that we (Afghanistan and Pakistan) are Muslim states and feel the problems and pain of one another. Pakistan should support peace and security in Afghanistan because a stable Afghanistan means a stable Pakistan and peace and security in the region is important for both states. I would like to thank SAFMA for organising this event. SAFMA should continue such arranging mutual gatherings because these can play a significant role in promoting understanding in the region. Now the question is that whether governments will respect the resolutions passed in this conference or in the upcoming conference in Kabul regarding peace and security. The important question that comes to mind is that whether we will be able to come to a consensus that is binding on us and is respected by the governments. But I am hopeful that if we continue these interactions, they will help us solve our problems and guide the governments to follow suit. Here I want to share some suggestions from our side: 1. 2. 3. Abdul Sattar Khawasi, member of Wolesi Jirga

Parliamentarians must continue such interactions in future. Beside SAFMA conferences and efforts, both sides' parliaments have to make some forums to improve long term relations. Parliament's commissions should monitor the war on terror.

I would like to thank SAFMA and hope that it will continue its efforts to build bridges between the two sides.

Senator Abdur Rahim Mandokhel, Pakhtoonkhwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP) Yesterday I was asked by a journalist, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you think these Pak-Afghan jirgas are meaningful?â&#x20AC;? He pointed out that two previous jirgas had not produced any results. I told him that the continuation of frequent meetings of parliamentarians, intellectuals and journalists of Pakistan and Afghanistan for the sake of peace by itself is a very big achievement. Whether the recommendations and efforts made here are implemented or not is not the question. It is more important that such exercises remove many social, cultural and political barriers. At least we all agree that terrorists are the common enemies of Pakistan and Afghanistan and that their sanctuaries and hideouts should be removed once and for all. Many stakeholders stress that dialogue should be held with the extremists and all issues should be resolved through political means. We are not against the process of dialogue. The second paragraph of the Afghanistan declaration mentions in clear words that all outstanding issues including terrorism should

be resolved through dialogue and peaceful means, but my question is: dialogue with whom? The enemy (militants) does not want dialogue on the basic principles. Instead the militants want that the prevailing political setups in Pakistan and Afghanistan should be replaced by their ideological versions and that they should be given the opportunity to rule. We want terrorism to end first and then a dialogue should be held. Terrorism and dialogue cannot go together; dialogue in the past with terrorists further strengthened them. Do you think that talks can be meaningful if one party requests the other that schools should not be destroyed, people should not be tortured to death, and violence must stop? I don't think so because it means that a criminal is requested not to indulge in crimes. If dialogue is the only way of bringing peace it should aim to focus on political matters. A suicide bomber attacked people in a mosque while offering prayers in Khyber agency. Innocent people were killed there. Such activities in FATA and adjoining areas have destroyed peace of its inhabitants but we will have to work together to restore peace and bring back normalcy to the region. Lip-service is not enough. We gather and talk seriously in events like this one organised by SAFMA but later on we forget our responsibilities. Everyone should play his/her due role to bring peace and prosperity for the people of Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Zain-ul-Abddin Farid, Abdul Hameed Mubarez, Ehsanullah Arianzai, Mrs. Najiba Sharif, Afrasiab Khattak and Abdur Rahim Mandokhel

Afrasiab Khattak SAFMA did a wonderful job by bringing representatives of Pakistan and Afghanistan on a table and by providing them an opportunity to explain their perspectives on a wide range of issue. We can differ on issues but these disagreements are part of democracy. In Pakistan, people have now realised that the major problem faced by the country is terrorism and militancy. Earlier we in Pakistan considered it an Afghan problem but with growing militancy and acts of violence in Pakistan, now people have realised that it is not only the problem of Afghans but Pakistan is also caught in the quagmire. This conference made one thing very clear, which is that majority of the political parties in Pakistan have a common view on militancy and they condemn it in all its forms. They stress that the problem should be resolved once and for all. We are meeting under the banner of SAFMA at a crucial moment. Faced with war-like situation, the importance of this mega event helped us find common partners and friends to evolve and develop an understanding on issues of common interest. I am really impressed to see a huge participation of media persons and parliamentarians here, this was not the case during the Aman Jirga held in Afghanistan and the mini-jirga in Islamabad. Problems cannot be solved in a day. We hope that such sessions and events frequently continue so that our countries can find out ways to resolve all problems and we are able to reach our goal of establishing peace. We are living in a global village and we wish and demand peace for the entire world. There are people in Pakistan, both inside and outside the government, who never agreed with extremists

and always opposed them. Unfortunately, militants have established parallel governments in FATA and now spread their influence to the rest of the country. This issue needs a concrete solution. Zainul Abedin Farid I want to thank SAFMA for giving us an opportunity to speak our minds. History reveals that the people of Afghanistan and Pakistan are peace loving. They have always had respect for each other. Due to state policies and a trust deficit on the state level, these countries are passing through difficult times. We are here to find ways and means on how to win the confidence of each other and remove misunderstandings. When the Russians occupied our country, the Afghans sacrificed their lives and Pakistan provided shelter to the refugees, thus both the countries protected each other. Today both countries need to respect each other's laws and with mutual understanding resolve all their bilateral issues. We need to make an effort to achieve this goal. We should help each other in the field of education, technology, agriculture and health.

Maulvi Ataullah Ludin, Ismail Yoon , Daoud Sultanzoi and Faizullah Zaki

Pak-Afghan Islamabad declaration SAFMA Pak-Afghan Dialogue Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Editors Conference-I, 31st March-1st April, 2009

e the members of two parliaments, representing all parties in our respective parliaments, independent MPs, prominent experts and leading journalists from Pakistan and Afghanistan having met at Islamabad from March 31 to April 1st, 2009, at â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Journalists Conference-I: Building Long-term Partnershipâ&#x20AC;?, hosted by South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA), have arrived at the following broader understanding: Preamble: a.

Concerned about the growing threats from religious extremism and terrorism to our people, their culture, faith, society, national heritage, institutions and nation states and its serious ramifications for the region as a whole and the world at large; b. Realising the urgent need to overcome the trust deficit by relying on historic fraternal relationship among our peoples and noble practices of good neighbourliness; c. Appreciating the sacrifices the peoples of Pakistan and Afghanistan have rendered while confronting the menace of terrorism; d. Realising the mistakes and excesses committed while tackling the phenomenon of terrorism, the collateral damages and one-sidedness of the tendency to solely rely on a military solution to an essentially sociopolitical conflict; e. Underlining the necessity of bringing people on board to win the noble cause for peace, it is essential to win the hearts and minds of the people and support of intelligentsia, ulema and all genuine political forces, neutralise all those sections of society and groups who went astray and are ready to adopt peaceful means to pursue their legitimate goals while isolating and targeting only those not ready to abandon violent means; f. Taking note of the process of review of the war on terror by the new US administration in consultation with the directly affected countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan) with the hope that this process will continue and fully take into account the considerations and national

interests of Pakistan and Afghanistan in due consultation with the elected representatives of the two countries and on the basis of fundamental understanding reached between Pakistan and Afghanistan a regional consensus will be built by accommodating the genuine concerns of neighbouring states and regions, especially China, Iran, Central Asian Republics, Russia and India, leading towards a global understanding, especially with the member countries of ISAF, under the UN auspices through a representative contact group; g. Emphasising the need to overcome misunderstandings and lacunas in institutional collaboration between the two countries while promoting mutually beneficial all-sided cooperation and fighting terrorism; h. Stressing the need of comprehensive economic, cultural and political cooperation to promote investment, trade, social services, physical infrastructure and development of human resources on an equitable and mutually beneficial basis in a level-playing field for both sides; i. Aspiring to move towards a customs, tariffs and monetary union in the context of creating a Bilateral Free Trade Area and moving towards a South Asian Union through the SAARC process; j. Applauding the Grand Peace Jirga process to bring the two peoples closer, the Ankara process, the Trilateral Mechanism and the UN process to bring peace and tranquillity to the region; We agree on: i) Deepening the fraternal and mutually beneficial relationship between the peoples and the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan while adhering to the principles of good neighbourly relations, respecting each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, promoting an equitable all-sided cooperation in all fields; ii) Strengthening each other's democratic institutions, democratic values, rule of law and constitutional frameworks while respecting universally recognised fundamental human and civil rights, including women rights; iii) Promoting people to people contacts and friendship;

iv)

Abiding by international covenants, bilateral contracts and fulfilling regional and international responsibilities to promote peace and cooperation which is in the interest of our two peoples; Rejecting violence and authoritarian practices and respecting pluralism and tolerance.

j) k) l)

We agree to pursue the following agenda: I. Overall partnership: a) The two sides should evolve a comprehensive strategy to work together in their common struggle against terrorism which is essential for the survival of the two nation sates. b) There are certain apologists in both countries who cover up or divert attention from the principal threat to our societies from terrorism; they should be persuaded not to lend a supporting hand to those who want to spread anarchy and violence to achieve their nefarious designs; c) Both countries must follow the principles of peaceful co-existence and should respect each other's sovereignty and not to interfere in the internal matters of the other side. d) Greater emphasis should be laid on mutually beneficial economic cooperation by moving towards a customs, tariff, fiscal and monetary union to create a Bilateral Free Trade Area to the mutual benefit of the two neighbours and moving towards creating a South Asian Union in the context of SAARC. e) For lasting cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan, there should be cooperation in the social sectors. Pakistan should offer a reasonable quota for Afghan students and their admission process should be made easier on the basis of merit. Similarly, health services should be promoted in the backward regions of the two countries by providing education and training to doctors and paramedics, medicines and equipments. f) The visa regime should not restrict the free movement of people. g) Joint parliamentary committees and forums may be formed to promote parliamentary cooperation in various fields, including security, economy, culture, women and foreign affairs. h) The Peace Jirga process must continue while engaging the genuine representatives from the grassroots level in both countries and giving due credence to their role and recommendations. i) Expansion of people-to-people interaction should be encouraged. Efforts should be made to set up a Pak-Afghan people's forum to

m) n)

improve ties between the people and civil society. Strict measures should be taken to stop drug production and trafficking while providing provisions of alternative cash crops to the farmers. Replace war economy with real development programmes geared towards poverty alleviation and peace. A special development package should be initiated focusing on the problems facing the people on both sides of the Pak-Afghan border, including FATA, to serve as an incentive for peace. Media should be persuaded to voluntarily play a positive role for the betterment of relations between the two countries. Both countries should facilitate the honourable return of the Afghan refugees to Afghanistan. As long as they are to stay in Pakistan, they should be assisted with honour and in line with the international conventions.

II. Security and Peace a. The two counties must agree on a comprehensive strategy to counter terrorism and take strong measures against terrorist outfits and their hideouts and engage those defiant elements who are prepared to give up their arms and integrate with the mainstream of political life. b. The security agencies of the two countries must develop greater level of coordination and cooperation instead of shifting their burden on each other. c. The quality of police efficiency and response to terrorism needs a lot of improvement. Police force in both countries requires training of a higher order to successfully meet the challenge of terrorism. There has to be a greater synergy between the police and the security forces to achieve better performance in counter terrorism. d. The necessity to develop regional consensus among Iran, India, Russia, China and the Gulf states for the stabilisation of the region can't be ignored. They must join forces with Pakistan and Afghanistan to bring peace and stability. e. Military operations alone cannot bring political settlement to the conflict; they must be preceded by diplomatic efforts and help reach peaceful settlement of the conflict while avoiding collateral damage. f. Cultivation, processing and trafficking of narcotics is a major source of funding for the militants. Efforts must be made to tackle this menace by providing substantial alternative to the farmers. g. The contact group under UN auspices should make long term commitments to sustain Afghanistan's security forces and help

improve Pakistan's military/intelligence capabilities to fight terrorism while recognising its legitimate national security interests. III. Economic Cooperation: a. The two countries must aim for a Bilateral Free Trade Area by developing a customs, tariff, fiscal and monetary union to overcome inefficiency, delays, waste, smuggling, dumping and double taxation. Ways could be found to address trade deficit of Afghanistan through investment and services. Reciprocal treatment of truckers of both countries should be ensured. b. Regular exchanges should take place between different representative trade bodies and finance ministries through appropriate mechanisms. c. Afghanistan is landlocked and a comprehensive transit agreement is needed to address the concerns of each side, excluding political mileage or smuggling of foreign goods. d. The Joint Economic Council (JEC) should meet regularly and made effective. e. Ratification of agreements already reached between Afghanistan and Pakistan in the area of trade and fiscal spheres. f. Implementation of agreements reached at the ECO and SAARC levels. g. Investment, being an effective tool of cooperation, needs to be promoted for mutually beneficial economic development and the two governments should jointly offer additional incentives for investment that can propel small scale industry, public-private partnerships in physical infrastructure while creating job opportunities for the people. h. The economic and finance committees of the two parliaments should meet with greater regularity to boost economic cooperation. i. Pakistan should encourage and support capacity building of Afghan youths in professional disciplines and technical skills identified by Afghanistan to underpin their economic development. In particular technical and vocational training will help augment employment prospects and earnings of migrant Afghan workers. IV. Media, Culture, Education and Parliamentary Cooperation: a) A Joint Commission of the ministries of education, culture, tourism, information and parliamentary affairs should guide and coordinate efforts in the fields of education, culture, tourism, information and parliamentary affairs. b) Formal relationship should be encouraged between the academies of sciences of both the countries by convening the meeting of VCs of

c) d)

Pakistan and Afghanistan to initiate cooperation. Joint research projects should be undertaken in the field of curriculum development and purging the existing syllabi of hate material in both public and private educational institutions while not ignoring reforms in religious/madrassa education. Exchange of students, faculty members and ulema. Joint promotion of Pashto language and literature by Pashto Academies of the two countries. Respective ministries of culture and tourism should initiate negotiations to enter into cultural treaty. To begin with, establishment of Pak-Afghan Cultural and Friendship Centres in Peshawar and Kabul. Promote exchange of cultural troupes and cooperation in preserving national heritage of the two countries, especially museums. Persuading media through media bodies to avoid negative propaganda against one another. Promote journalist exchanges through press clubs on both sides. Lifting of curbs on all TV channels in both countries. Facilitating and ensuring safe access of journalists to report events in both the countries, especially in the conflict ridden areas. Encourage cooperation among publishing houses. Facilitate easy access to newspapers and journals to citizens of both countries.

The delegates to the Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Journalists Conference-I lauded the efforts of SAFMA in facilitating the interaction among the major stakeholders of the two countries and accepted SAFMA's invitation to the Second Pak-Afghan Parliamentarians, Experts and Journalists Conference in Kabul that may be held in October/November, 2009. (Participants: Pakistan People's Party, Pakistan Muslim League-N, Pakistan Muslim League-Q, Awami National Party, Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Jamaiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (F), Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party, Pakistan People's Party (Sherpao) ______ Hezib-i-Islami, Jameyat-i-Islami, People Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Khalq Group, Parcham Group), Junbish-iIslami, Independents)