South Dakota Farm & Ranch April 2018

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FEELING THE STING FROM LOW HONEY PRODUCTION

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Make a difference this Earth Day. On Earth Day and every day, the routine choices we make affect our planet, so here are some simple tips for choosing wisely: • Reduce, reuse and recycle at home, at work and at school.

• Shop for used goods, or look for items made from recycled materials.

• Buy in bulk or multi-packs to cut down on packaging waste.

• Look for Energy Star® and WaterSense® labels on products like appliances and plumbing fixtures.

• Cut down on plastic bags by carrying your own reusable shopping bags to the store.

• Properly dispose of recyclable items, electronics and potentially hazardous materials.

• Always turn off lights and appliances when you leave a room.

• Unplug your mobile phone charger when it’s not in use.

• Walk, ride your bike or use public transportation whenever possible.

• Choose locally and organically produced foods.

• Turn off the water while brushing your teeth or shaving.

• Don’t top off your gas tank, as this lets harmful chemicals enter the air.

• Go to www.epa.gov/earthday to find local volunteer opportunities and to learn more about steps you can take to protect our planet.

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Bulk Feed and Fuel Delivery

On the cover Feeling the Sting From Low Honey Production

Full line of Fencing Products

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Hubbard Feed & Full Line of Crystalyx Products

A comb is pulled out of a box from a beehive in this file photo. (Republic file photo)

Featured Stories

Biodiesel Fuel For Farm Success

Near-Record Year For Farm Loans

8

Herbicide Considerations For Cover Crop Planting

10

SDSU Extension Research Growing Early Maturing Soybeans

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Feed at Night Calve During the Day

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Need to Know For S.D. Livestock Producers

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No production plants, but SD Soybean says biodiesel still fuel for

farm success

By Jake Shama For South Dakota Farm & Ranch

E

ven without any registered biodiesel production plants in the state, South Dakota Soybean officials marked National Biodiesel Day by considering how the fuel has benefited South Dakotans.

“Using biodiesel on my operation is a win-win situation because it’s a home-grown product,” said Centerville farmer Tim Ostrem, a director for the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council. “As soybean farmers, not only are we able to promote our own product, but we can also reap the benefits of using it on our own farm operations.”

National Biodiesel Day was on March 18, the birthdate of the inventor of diesel engines, Rudolph Diesel. According to Sarah Tveidt, communication director for the South Dakota Soybean Association and SDSRPC, the day has been celebrated for almost two decades.

According to SDSA, Americans used 12.9 billion gallons of biodiesel, and Tveidt said 52 percent of biodiesel is made from soybean oil. The fuel uses about 5.6 billion pounds of soybean oil every year.

Processing soybeans produces both meal and oil, so producers can sell oil without cutting into their current profits, and it cuts the price of soybean meal by $21 per ton, Tveidt said. And she said there are plenty of other benefits, including: ·· Increasing soybean oil prices by $0.11 per pound ·· Adding $0.63 to the value of every soybean bushel ·· Burning more cleanly, reducing greenhouse gases equal to removing 25.3 million passenger vehicles from the road ·· Supporting nearly 64,000 jobs, $2.5 billion in wages and an overall economic impact of almost $11.5 billion SDSA and SDSRPC contribute to biodiesel research, but there are still no biodiesel production facilities registered as members of the National Biodiesel Board. For comparison, there are nine member facilities in Iowa, one in North Dakota and none in Nebraska.

Soybeans in a field.

However, South Dakota soybean processors do contribute soybean oil to create the fuel, and Ostrem said there are other benefits for South Dakotans.

“It’s a clean-burning, renewable fuel that adds value to South Dakota soybean growers’ bottom line,” Ostrem said.

Ostrem started using biodiesel when he joined the South Dakota Soybean Research & Promotion Council board of directors, and he said the transition to using the fuel on his farm “couldn’t have gone smoother.”

“I haven’t experienced any performance issues with it. I would definitely recommend the product to other farmers,” Ostrem said.

Along with using biodiesel himself, Ostrem said he celebrates National Biodiesel Day all year long by promoting its benefits to other farmers and residents across the state. 

APRIL 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 5

Beekeepers

A hive containing multiple boxes of combs. (Republic file photo)

feeling the sting from low honey

production

By Jake Shama For South Dakota Farm & Ranch

T

oo much rain and unhealthy bees caused big problems for honey producers in eastern South Dakota last year, according to a co-owner of the nation’s largest bee farm.

“Because the weather was so rainy, they didn’t get a lot of flight time,” said Bret Adee, co-owner of South Dakota-based Adee Honey Farms.

Honey production in 2017 from South Dakota producers with five or more colonies totaled 14.5 million pounds, down 27 percent from 2016, according to the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Adee said the drop was so sharp this year because 2016 was an “exceptional year” for honey producers.

A honeybee sits atop a canola blossom.

6 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH APRIL 2018

“The weather was perfect in ’16, and the bees were a lot healthier in ’16, too,” Adee said. “’16 is one of those years you dream about having.”

Adee Honey Farms is based in Bruce, South Dakota, near Brookings. But the company operates in eight states and has hives across eastern South Dakota, including in Kimball, where the landscape was a little different. Adee said the year started off too dry in Kimball, but fall rains helped increase production west of the James River.

That pattern held true West River, too.

S.D. State Apiarist Bob Reiners said drought conditions hurt crops well into summer.

“One producer from Winner told me that if I would have told him that he was going to make any honey as of July 1 that he would have called me a liar,” Reiners said. “Luckily, they received some rain and were able to make some honey in July and August.”

South Dakota has long been a top honey producer. Erik Gerlach, state statistician in NASS’s South Dakota field office, said the state has ranked in the top five of honey producing states since 1987. It ranked second in the nation last year behind North Dakota.

According to NASS, there were 255,000 honey producing colonies in South Dakota during 2017, down 9 percent from 2016. The average yield was 57 pounds per colony, a drop of 14 pounds from 2016.

While the numbers constitute significant drops in production, Gerlach said year-to-year fluctuations are common.

“Weather, parasites, pathogens, colony collapse disorder, available land for pollination, etc. are all factors that impact honey production in a given year,” Gerlach said.

Nationwide, honey production from operations with five or more hives only fell by 9 percent, as gains in states like California, Idaho, Oregon and Washington offset losses in both Dakotas, Gerlach said.

Prices, on the other hand, rose by 8.5 percent in 2017. They averaged $1.91 per pound, up from $1.76 a year earlier. Total value of honey produced in 2017 was $27.8 million, down 21 percent from 2016.

Unfortunately, high prices don’t help much if beekeepers have no honey to sell.

“Beekeepers benefit from the higher prices, but if you don’t have much crop to sell, it can only help so much,” Reiners said.

Reiners said beekeepers have struggled for years with loss of habitat, so this bad year could compound the problem. But Adee is still hopeful for better years to come.

“Hope springs eternal in agriculture,” Adee said. “You can always hope.”

And for anyone in agriculture, Adee said attracting bees with clover or alfalfa is a great option to make any operation more successful.

“Keeping bees on their farm probably gives them more gain than anything else they can do,” Adee said. “A lot of the crops get increased yields by having the bees around.” 

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USDA announces a

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ASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) recently announced another year of high activity in its farm loan programs. Hard-working farm families across the country accessed nearly $6 billion in new credit, either directly or guaranteed through commercial lenders in 2017. At year end, FSA was assisting more than 120,000 family farmers with loans totaling just over $25 billion.

“FSA loan funds have been in high demand the last few years,” said Dr. Robert Johansson, Acting Deputy Under Secretary for the Farm Production and Conservation mission area. “We provide opportunities to qualified small, beginning and underserved farmers who are unable to obtain commercial credit, to help them get started, gain access to land and grow their operations. Family farmers across America also come to us for credit when they face challenges to stay in business. We’re proud to support rural prosperity by providing credit to those who need it most.”

FSA provides a variety of loan assistance, including direct and guaranteed farm ownership loans, operating loans and even direct Micro Loans up to $50,000 and EZ Guarantees up to $100,000 with streamlined application processes.

More than 25,000 direct and guaranteed FSA loans went to beginning or underserved farmers and ranchers. Over 4,200 beginning 8 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH APRIL 2018

farmers received direct farm ownership loans from FSA to make their first land purchase. And of the approximately 6,500 Microloans made in the last fiscal year, three-quarters (almost 4,900) went to beginning farmers, 1,000 went to women and 400 to veterans.

FSA’s direct farm loans are unique in that the agency provides technical assistance in addition to credit. Consistent with efforts to continually improve technical assistance, today FSA announced the publication of two booklets that will serve as important informational tools and resources for existing and prospective farm loan borrowers.

Your FSA Farm Loan Compass booklet was recently developed specifically for farmers and ranchers who have an existing farm loan with FSA. It provides detailed guidance outlining borrower responsibilities and the servicing options that FSA offers. It also addresses common questions borrowers may have as they navigate through loan program requirements and the financial concepts involved.

Originally published in 2012, Your Guide to FSA Farm Loans was designed for new loan customers. It provides information about the various types of farm loans available and guides new borrowers through the application process. The revised version addresses program changes and includes new loan offerings, like the popular Microloan program that was rolled out after the publication of the original Guide.

“Your FSA Farm Loan Compass” and “Your Guide to FSA Farm Loans” are available on the FSA website at www.fsa.usda.gov/dafl. Farmers and ranchers are encouraged to download and share them with others in their community who may require assistance in understanding FSA’s loans and servicing processes. For additional information about FSA farm loans, please contact your loan officer or other FSA staff at your local office. To find your local FSA office, visit http://offices.usda.gov.  — Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture

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APRIL 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 9

Herbicide Considerations

for Cover Crop Planting in 2018

B

ROOKINGS — Long residual pre-emergent or early post-emergent herbicides may cause stand reduction or complete failure of cover crops.

“Growers need to consider the rotational restrictions and intervals of herbicides before application,” explained Gared Shaffer, SDSU Extension Weeds Field Specialist. “This can become a larger issue if the cover crop will be grazed.”

Rotational restrictions can be found on most herbicide labels under the title of similar wording to “rotational crop restrictions” or “rotational crop guidelines.” Specific guidelines, usually found under “forage restrictions,” must be followed for cover crops that are grown for feeding livestock whether for grazing or forage.

Shaffer added that depending on efficacy of the herbicide, residual can both affect in-season and/or post-harvest cover crop establishment.

Crop rotational interval A few chemical companies add common cover crops and rotation intervals to their labels. If a cover crop is not listed on the label, it then falls into the “other” category.

Most corn, soybean and small grains herbicide labels do not have rotational intervals for non-harvested or harvested cover crops.

A crop rotation interval is the required time between application time and the time of next planting.

The crop rotation interval is required for two main reasons, Shaffer explained. First, a rotation interval ensures potential herbicide residues in the soil will not affect plant establishment. And, it ensures there are no unsafe levels of herbicide in plant tissues.

“If a producer does not intend to harvest the cover crop, the rotation interval requirement is not a legal requirement, but if the producer plans on harvesting the cover crop the label restrictions must be followed,” Shaffer said.

For example, if a producer grows wheat and applies an herbicide with plant back restriction of six months for cover crops. If the grower goes ahead and plants cover crops for non-forage use five months after application, the producer would be fully responsible for any damage that occurs to planted cover crop as a result of residual herbicide.  — Source: SDSU Extension

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Farm & Crop Insurance

SDSU Extension research looks at growing

B

ROOKINGS — One management strategy soybean growers can implement to reduce risk associated with Mother Nature is to grow soybeans with varying maturity ratings.

“With this approach, producers are not ‘putting all their eggs in the same basket’ so to speak,” said David Karki, SDSU Extension Agronomy Field Specialist.

He further explained that planting soybeans other than recommended maturity group for the region, especially early maturing varieties, allows producers to start harvest earlier in the fall and continue field activities such as establishing cover crops and/or timely winter wheat planting.

“Throughout recent growing seasons, growers have commented that early soybeans have performed equally well in terms of yield, if not better, than soybeans with recommended maturity ratings,” Karki said.

What SDSU Extension Research Has to Say In collaboration with interested growers and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU, SDSU Extension established a small plot trial during the 2017 growing season at two locations in Northeast South Dakota.

The first location was at the SDSU Northeast Research Station near South Shore. The second was in a Clark County soybean grower’s field near the town of Henry.

The trial used two early varieties (rated 0.2 and 0.3) and two recommended varieties (rated 0.9 and 1.0) provided by Mycogen Seeds.

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The test plots were 10-feet-by-40-feet plots with four replications for each planting date.

Due to consistent rainfall in the second half of September harvesting was delayed more than normal and was only completed October 3, 2017.

The results show that yields, even though numerically quite different, were not statistically significant at the Henry location, especially for the early planting date.

“This could be due to weed pressure and population loss as a result of heavy rainfall in late June,” said Anthony Bly, SDSU Extension Soils Field Specialist.

He explained that this site received nine inches of rain in three days the last week of June, which flooded almost half of the early planted plots.

Some early flooded plot yields were not as consistent at harvest compared to the non-flooded plots.

Therefore, the yields from flooded plots were not used while running statistics which may have contributed to large Least Significant Difference.

This resulted in difficulty to statistically distinguish mean yields for the maturity ratings used in the study.

At the Northeast Research Station, yields from the earliest maturing soybean variety (i.e. 0.2) were significantly different from the other three soybean varieties for both plating dates.

“These results suggest that planting soybean varieties that are earlier than half the maturity point than recommended for the region did not result in equal or higher yields in 2017 growing season,” Karki said.

This research group plans to continue this study in the 2018 growing season. The study was funded by South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council.  — Source: SDSU Extension

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FEED AT NIGHT, calve during the day

B

ROOKINGS — Does feeding time influence the time of calving? To answer this question, SDSU Extension Cow/Calf Field Specialists Adele Harty and Taylor Grussing look to research data.

“Yes, feeding affects time of calving,” Harty said. “Feeding cows later in the day and evening will increase the number of calves born during daylight hours, when it is easier for livestock producers to watch them more closely.”

Gus Konefal, a rancher from Manitoba, Canada first developed this feeding method after he discovered 80 percent of his cows calved between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. when they were fed later in the day.

Konefal’s method included a twice a day feeding, with first feeding between 11a.m. and noon and second feeding between 9:30 p.m. to 10 p.m.

Supporting Research Similar research was conducted at Iowa State University.

“This research used the Konefal feeding system, but only feeding one time per day at 4 p.m., starting two weeks prior to the expected start of calving,” Grussing said.

The result? Eighty-two percent cows calved between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. with 91 percent of the calves born before 11 p.m.

“Only 9 percent of calves were born outside the window when traditional calf checks are performed,” Harty said.

When heifers were separated from the data set and analyzed, 90 percent calved in this same time frame.

A survey collected from 15 beef producers in Iowa and Missouri also reported that when they fed once daily between, 5 p.m. and 10 p.m., the result was 85 percent of cows calving between 5 a.m. and midnight.

Compare this data to cows from herds not on the Konefel feeding system.

That data showed an equal distribution of cows calving during the night as during the day, a 50/50 split.

Researchers at USDA-ARS at Miles City, Montana completed at threeyear study evaluating differences in feeding time on calving time.

“The numbers were not as dramatic as Konefel and Iowa State data,” Grussing said. “However, there was a consistent 10 to 20 percent decrease in the number of cows calving between 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. in the late fed cows compared to the early fed cows.”

Cows feed on a farm east of Wessington Springs (Republic file photo)

Management Considerations If you’re a cattle producer who would like to see more calves born during daylight hours, below are some points to consider when implementing the Konefal calving method.

1. Research indicated for this method to be most effective, evening feedings should be implemented one month prior to the scheduled start of calving. If feeding times are changed closer to calving, this will result in a more calves born during the day than morning feeding.

2. Iowa State University data advises staying as close to the same feeding schedule and feed amount as possible each day. Deviating more than 15 minutes, or providing too much feed, will yield less desirable results.

3. Maintain regular night checks. Konefal calving may simply mean that there will be less work to be done between checks due to fewer calves born during the night.

4.

The Konefal calving method works best in a drylot situation where all feed is provided. Desired effect in a grazing situation may not be seen unless supplemental hay or timing of grazing can be regulated.

5.

Weather can play a role in effectiveness. Before or during storms, cattle may not come to the bunk to eat and may be more likely to calve at night.

6. Additional research indicates that a first calf heifer who calves during the day will tend to calve during the day the remainder of her productive years.  — Source: SDSU Extension APRIL 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13

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Consumers and packers demanding BQA Certification:

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B

ROOKINGS — As of Jan. 1, 2019, one of the nation’s largest processors of U.S. beef, Tyson Foods, will require that all beef they purchase is sourced from Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) certified producers. Additionally, by Jan. 1, 2020, all cattle transporters hauling to Tyson Foods’ harvest facilities will need BQA Transportation (BQAT) certification.

“Consumers care about how the food they eat is raised and this impacts their purchasing decisions,” said Heidi Carroll, SDSU Extension Livestock Stewardship Associate and the new South Dakota BQA Coordinator.

Tyson Foods, which processes 25 percent of all U.S. beef, is following the lead of their foodservice customers. Carroll explained that some retail outlets and restaurants, like Wendy’s, will only buy beef sourced from BQA certified farms and ranches.

Although livestock producers raise their livestock in a responsible, humane way that may meet BQA standards, without the certification, Carroll said livestock producers could miss out on marketing opportunities. Below, she outlines the necessary steps livestock producers need to take to become certified or re-certified in these quality assurance programs.

Changes to BQA certification in S.D. If a livestock operation is currently BQA certified, they need to know that when their certification expires, the certification process has changed.

“It’s no longer as simple as filling out a renewal form,” Carroll said.

To recertify, or to certify, all livestock producers need to take a BQA class online or in person. These changes to the South Dakota BQA Program took effect this year (March 1, 2018) as program management transitioned to SDSU Extension.

Other changes and updates include: · SDSU Extension will manage the South Dakota BQA program and a BQA Advisory Board will provide program guidance as needed. · The Level 2 Critical Management Plan is no longer required for South Dakota BQA certification. · Feedyards may choose to complete a BQA Feedyard Assessment as one step to become eligible for listing on the national Feedyard Assessment Database. · All BQA certifications will be issued by the National Beef Quality Assurance program. No separate South Dakota certificates or numbers will be issued. · A South Dakota BQA Trainer program will be implemented.

Veterinarians practicing in South Dakota and SDSU Extension Professionals on the Beef and Dairy Teams are eligible to become South Dakota BQA Trainers. · The BQA Transportation (BQAT) certification is available online. · According to the National BQA and National Dairy FARM (Farmers Assuring Responsible Management) programs, dairies participating in FARM are “BQA Equivalent.” However, no National BQA certification number will be assigned to the dairy’s herdsman, manager, or owner without directly contacting the South Dakota BQA Coordinator and providing a copy of the current FARM Animal Care Evaluation Report. Only one person per dairy will receive a BQA certification. Other employees are encouraged to complete one of the other BQA or Dairy Animal Care & Quality Assurance (DACQA) training options available.

“Producers should be aware that limited in-person trainings will be offered in South Dakota for either BQA or BQA Transportation (BQAT)

MORE ON PAGE 16 APRIL 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 15

FROM PAGE 15 certifications,” Carroll said. “The best option is to complete the online course.”

Cost of certification Each of the certifications (BQA, BQAT, DACQA, and BQA Trainer) and the on-farm assessment programs (National Feedyard Assessment Database, and FARM Evaluation) are valid for three years.

All online certification courses (BQA, BQAT, and DACQA) are available at no cost and can be completed at the producer’s convenience, 24/7 at www.bqa.org.

In-person certification courses (BQA and BQAT) have a fee of $50 per person. Discounts are available for operations certifying multiple individuals.

Veterinarians interested in becoming a South Dakota BQA Trainer should contact Carroll at heidi.carroll@sdstate.edu. The Trainer certification fee is $25. Trainer certification courses will be available later during the summer of 2018.

Feedyards that desire to be listed on the National Feedyard Assessment Database need to complete several steps and work with the South Dakota BQA Coordinator to finish the submission process. Feedyards will need to complete a BQA Feedyard Assessment, or equivalent assessment, once every three years as one of the criteria. These assessments may be selfassessed by a feedyard staff member at no cost, or the feedyard can ask Carroll to conduct the assessment for a fee of $150 per site.

Dairies that want to have a FARM Animal Care Evaluation completed can either work with their processor or contact Carroll. Most processors and co-ops are conducting FARM Evaluations for their members. Carroll is also available for $150 per site.

To check your individual certification status or with questions on any quality assurance programs, Carroll can be contacted at heidi.carroll@sdstate.edu.

Producers interested in completing a BQA Feedyard Assessment or FARM Animal Care Evaluation can also contact Carroll directly to schedule a site visit.  — Source: SDSU Extension

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ASHINGTON — U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue is encouraging dairy producers to consider enrolling in the new and improved Margin Protection Program for Dairy (MPP-Dairy), which will provide better protections for dairy producers from shifting milk and feed prices. With changes authorized under the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) has set the enrollment period to run from April 9, 2018 to June 1, 2018.

“We recognize the financial hardships many of our nation’s dairy producers are experiencing right now. Folks are losing their contracts and they are getting anxious about getting their bills paid while they watch their milk check come in lower and lower each month. The Bipartisan Budget Act provided some much-needed incentives for dairy producers to make cost-effective decisions to strengthen their farms, mitigate risk, and conserve their natural resources,” said Secretary Perdue. “This includes our support of America’s dairy farms. We encourage dairy producers to review the provisions of the updated program, which Congress shaped with their feedback. Those changes are now in effect, and I’d ask any producers who are interested to contact their local USDA service centers.”

About the Program: The program protects dairy producers by paying them when the difference between the national all-milk price and the national average feed cost (the margin) falls below a certain dollar amount elected by the producer.

Changes include: · Calculations of the margin period is monthly rather than bi-monthly. · Covered production is increased to 5 million pounds on the Tier 1 premium schedule, and premium rates for Tier 1 are substantially lowered.

18 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH APRIL 2018

· An exemption from paying an administrative fee for limited resource, beginning, veteran, and disadvantaged producers. Dairy operators enrolled in the previous 2018 enrollment period that qualify for this exemption under the new provisions may request a refund.

Dairy operations must make a new coverage election for 2018, even if you enrolled during the previous 2018 signup period. Coverage elections made for 2018 will be retroactive to January 1, 2018. All dairy operations desiring coverage must sign up during the enrollment period and submit an appropriate form (CCC-782) and dairy operations may still “opt out” by not submitting a form. All outstanding balances for 2017 and prior years must be paid in full before 2018 coverage is approved.

Dairy producers can participate in FSA’s MPP-Dairy or the Risk Management Agency’s Livestock Gross Margin Insurance Plan for Dairy Cattle (LGM-Dairy), but not both. During the 2018 enrollment period, only producers with an active LGM-Dairy policy who have targeted marketings insured in 2018 months will be allowed to enroll in MPPDairy by June 1, 2018; however, their coverage will start only after active target marketings conclude under LGM-Dairy.

USDA has a web tool to help producers determine the level of coverage under the MPP-Dairy that will provide them with the strongest safety net under a variety of conditions. The online resource, which will be updated and available by April 9 at www.fsa.usda.gov/mpptool, allows dairy farmers to quickly and easily combine unique operation data and other key variables to calculate their coverage needs based on price projections. Producers can also review historical data or estimate future coverage based on data projections. The secure site can be accessed via computer, smartphone, tablet or any other platform.

USDA is mailing postcards advising dairy producers of the changes.

For more information, visit www.fsa.usda.gov/dairy or contact your local USDA service center.  — Source: US Department of Agriculture

APRIL 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 19

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