South Dakota Farm & Ranch April 2019

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Earth Day April 22, 2019 Cause An Effect!

• Always turn off lights and appliances when you leave a room.

• Unplug your mobile phone charger when it’s not in use.

• Walk, ride your bike or use public transportation whenever possible.

• Choose locally and organically produced foods.

• Turn off the water while brushing your teeth or shaving.

• Don’t top off your gas tank, as this lets harmful chemicals enter the air.

• Go to www.epa.gov/earthday to find local volunteer opportunities and to learn more about steps you can take to protect our planet.

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Make a difference this Earth Day. On Earth Day and every day, the routine choices we make affect our planet, so here are some simple tips for choosing wisely: • Reduce, reuse and recycle at home, at work and at school.

• Shop for used goods, or look for items made from recycled materials.

• Buy in bulk or multi-packs to cut down on packaging waste.

• Look for Energy Star® and WaterSense® labels on products like appliances and plumbing fixtures.

• Cut down on plastic bags by carrying your own reusable shopping bags to the store.

• Properly dispose of recyclable items, electronics and potentially hazardous materials.

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A person looks at the flooding at 257th Street, west of 416th Avenue, in Hanson County.

(Luke Hagen / Republic)

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Features

From one producer to another

Specialty producers meet to discuss sharing knowledge

Stuck in a rut

Tips on how to deal with field ruts

Pulse, Linke elected

To serve as state FFA officers

The land is our legacy

Mitchell farmers reflect on farming & soil health

5 11 13 14

Publisher JO N I H A R M S Editor L U K E H AG EN Advertising Director LO R I E H A N S EN Layout Design DA N YO U N G South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of South Dakota, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day.

You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication and support that agriculture can offer.

To subscribe to this FREE publication, contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.

Contact Us P O B O X 1 2 8 8 • M I T C H E LL , S D 605-996-5514

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Taxes, freight, set-up, delivery, additional options or attachments not included in price. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice. ©2019 CNH Industrial Capital America LLC. All rights reserved. New Holland Agriculture is a trademark registered in the United States and many other countries, owned by or licensed to CNH Industrial N.V., its subsidiaries or affiliates. CNH Industrial Capital is a trademark in the United States and many other countries, owned by or licensed to CNH Industrial N.V., its subsidiaries or affiliates.

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Jeff Zimprich, a state conservationist with the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service, speaks to specialty food producers April 5 about conservation programs. (Ellen Bardash / Republic)

FROM ONE PRODUCER TO ANOTHER Specialty producers meet to discuss sharing knowledge

“

BY ELLEN BARDASH The Daily Republic

There’s no reason for any of us to invent the wheel again,” said South Dakota Specialty Producers Association President Don Bodensteiner, setting the tone for the group’s local foods meeting.

Bodensteiner and others who spoke during the meeting, which was held April 5 at the Davison County Fairgrounds, stressed the importance of sharing information between producers, as well as to consumers and others who might be interested in any of the state’s specialty industries, so that no one needs to learn the hard way how to do something others in the industry have already perfected.

One tool for sharing that information is the SDSPA’s new website, which launched last month and has specialized pages for 18 specialty products and the people who produce them.

“We’re trying to consolidate all this local foods information in one place,” said Chris Zdorovstov, who began working on the website last winter.

Each of the industry pages includes a map showing where producers are located, and many have supplemental information such as lists of resources or more specific details about producers, such as the individual products they offer. SDSPA members are able to have more of their contact and business information displayed on the website.

Zdorovstov encouraged growers to get in touch with SDSPA so their operations can be added to the website, which is still in its formative stages.

“Where does this content come from? Well, I can pull it out of thin air, but what I ideally want is for these industries to come together and help guide me as to what we should share with other growers,” she said.

Also discussed during the meeting were a number of grants that are available to specialty producers, such as those that are intended to help fund a project.

Cayla Holleman, a USDA rural development specialist, referred to two grants in particular that could assist specialty producers: the Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program, which provides loans of up to $50,000 to businesses with 10 or fewer employees, and the Value-Added Producer Grant (VAPG), which can fund up to 50 percent of a project that adds value to agricultural products in some way, such as selling them locally or changing their state.

Holleman said that grants awarded through VAPG are capped at $75,000 for the planning side of a project or $250,000 for the working capital side.

“If anyone has an idea that they want to run by us, we’d be happy to see if any of our programs fit,” Holleman said, noting that the local USDA office doesn’t currently know all the specifics of how the recently-passed federal farm bill will impact grant programs in South Dakota.

Jeff Zimprich, a state conservationist for the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), said that none of the conservation programs available to South Dakota producers in the past were cut by the farm bill and that NRCS hopes to continue working with specialty producers to provide planning assistance.

“Local foods is a key strategic area for us,” Zimprich said. “ … We see this as a really evolving and growing area.”  April 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 5

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RELIEF GROUPS READY FOR FARMER, COMMUNITY FLOOD REQUESTS

BY JAKE SHAMA For South Dakota Farm & Ranch

W

hile flood waters continue to impact many South Dakota farmers, agriculture and conservation groups haven’t seen an influx of relief requests yet, but they’re prepared for higher-thanusual demand.

“I do expect more applications in flooded areas,” said Jay Cobb, state conservation engineer for the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Cobb was talking about the NRCS’ Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), which

provides farmers with financial and technical assistance to create or repair conservation improvements.

Every year, the NRCS receives thousands of requests from South Dakota farmers, Cobb estimated.

So far, the agency hasn’t received more applications than usual, but

that may be because flood waters have yet to subside.

“We’re just going to have to wait for that water to recede and then go assess those damages,” Cobb said.

Continued on page 8

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The James River is flooded over Shanard Road on Tuesday in Davison County. (Matt Gade / Republic)

Continued from page 7

“Really, it’s dependent on producers coming to us and saying, ‘This is what I have out there.

What can I do to fix it?’ ” Another NRCS program, the Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP), which helps local communities protect water resources from imminent threats, has already received some traction this year. Cobb said the state office usually receives two to three requests every five years. This year,

VCH-173

two applications have already been filed, both from Bennett County.

Cobb believes programs like these are very valuable for people affected by natural disasters, as they often couldn’t afford to make the repairs on their own.

“I think it’s really stepped in there and helped a lot of producers who may not be able to fix things without that financial assistance,” Cobb said.

EQIP and EWP are just two programs available to farmers and communities affected by flooding.

The South Dakota Department of

VCH-3

An underwater road along the James River in Hutchinson County.

Agriculture released a list of services available from various agencies.

The list includes EQIP, along with free, on-site technical assistance related to natural disasters from NRCS and South Dakota’s conservation districts. Several Farm Service Agency policies were included as well, including: • Emergency loans for producers in or contiguous to a designated disaster area; • Livestock Indemnity Program, which pays 75 percent the market value of lost livestock and of average income loss;

• Emergency Conservation Program, which helps pay costs related to debris removal and repairs; • Emergency Livestock Assistance Program, which provides relief for feed loss resulting from flood or snow.

SDSU Extension also has a resource in place to help livestock owners restore lost feed. For more than 15 years, the group has operated the SDSU Extension Feed and Forage Finder page on Facebook, which South Dakota farmers use to buy and sell feed and farm equipment.

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A look eastbound as the James River has flooded 245th Street on Tuesday in North Davison County. (Matt Gade / Republic)

The page was started in response to the 2012 drought, according to SDSU Extension Beef Feedlot Management Associate Warren Rusche.

“You don’t have any feed on your farm and ranch, and there’s not a whole lot to be found within 50 to 100 miles of you either, so you have to start looking farther and farther afield,” Rusche said. “This is one resource to connect those parties.”

But like the NRCS programs, the page hasn’t been inundated with requests from flood-stricken areas. Rusche has noticed a few

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recent requests from northeastern South Dakota, but there is no active geographic hotspot using the page, nor has there been a dramatic upsurge.

However, there has been a light uptick in traffic lately, Rusche said, and he expects more producers to start using the page in the near future, especially in areas with high flooding or snow levels, like operations near Highway 34 or the southern reaches of the Missouri River.

“I don’t know if they’re quite pushing the panic button, but they are

Tim Rotert

Flooded agricultural land south of Mitchell.

(Luke Hagen / Republic)

starting to get a little more proactive and a little more active in searching out alternative feed supplies,” Rusche said.

Perhaps more impactful than the current flooding, Rusche said a cold and snowy winter may have caused many farmers to use more feed than expected and could have affected silage practices for operations south of Mitchell.

For producers who are worried about their feed levels, Rusche urged them not to discount alternative feedstuffs, like byproduct feeds

that can stretch forage stocks in short supply.

He also reminded farmers to beware of weight limits on wet roads, as trucks may need to take smaller loads per trip when moving feed into waterlogged areas. But with due diligence, the Feed and Forage Finder — or a number of other similar exchanges — can be a valuable tool.

“It’s a resource that’s available,” Rusche said. “It’s free, which is always nice, and it helps connect people who need feed to those who’ve got it.” 

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April 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 9

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10 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH April 2019

STUCK IN A RUT:

TIPS ON HOW TO DEAL WITH FIELD RUTS

B

ROOKINGS — There is no easy fix for field ruts left over from last fall, however SDSU Extension Soils Field Specialist, Anthony Bly, said there are ways to mitigate the issues associated with ruts before planting begins.

And, deep tillage is not the answer.

“It’s often assumed deep tillage is the best fix for ruts and compaction, but in this case deep tillage may be more of the culprit than the cure,” Bly said.

He explained that when soils experience compaction like we see in wheel tracks, a lasting impact is made, often resulting in a few inches to several feet of compaction in those areas.

The degree of compaction depends on many factors, including how saturated the soils were when harvest occurred. “The percent of soil pores filled with water versus air can change the level of compaction,” Bly said. “Deep ruts are usually noticed first. But, keep in mind, even shallow ruts of a few inches can cause issues with optimal seed depth during planting if they exceed planting depth.”

Before taking action, Sara Bauder, SDSU Extension Agronomy Field Specialist said it is best to survey your fields and determine if your

SDSU EXTENSION

rutted areas are severe enough to “Essentially, make the field plantable affect planting before taking action. without full-width tillage.”

Ideally, Bly said farmers should Allow soils to dry shallowly fill in the areas where ruts Before hooking up tillage occurred, rather than disturbing the equipment, it is important to allow entire soil layer down to the bottom soils to dry. of the tire rut.

“Attempting to repair ruts “Deep tillage will disturb the soil while soils are still wet may only at lower depths with excessive complicate matters,” Bauder said. moisture and may cause even more “The act of repairing ruts will work compaction damage,” Bly said. best after the top 2 to 4-inches of Keep in mind, when filling in ruts, top soil are dry. Otherwise, if soils there is likely nothing growing in the have not had the opportunity to dry soils, so farmers are solely relying properly, farmers could make issues on evaporation to dry out the soils. worse with smeared, compacted Therefore, pulling up additional moisture is not going to help. soil surfaces.”

Bauder said simply using a light Another helpful option for some tillage pass, such as a vertical tillage growers, may be to allow winter tool, light disc, soil finisher or harrow annual cover crops or volunteer (in shallow rut cases) is going to be crops to grow until the ground is dry enough for planting. At that most ideal to fill in ruts and prevent further compaction. time, chemically burn down the In some cases, with very deep growing plants before no-tilling the ruts, multiple tillage passes may cash crop. be needed. Be sure to allow time “This can help producers looking (at least two weeks) in-between to dry out saturated soils prior to passes for drying before tilling planting this spring,” Bauder said. slightly deeper than the previous “However, careful management of pass. Just level the surface to make these types of practices is needed planting possible this spring and for success.” look towards dealing with any major compaction issues next fall.

Choose target areas

can help avoid soil compaction and improve soil structure moving forward.

“In many southeastern South Dakota fields last fall, it became apparent some producers with established no-till fields, who followed the main soil health principles, were able to enter fields earlier and had minimal, to no issue with field ruts, compared to conventionally tilled neighbors,” Bly said.

In general, Bly explained, tillage practices result in poor soil structure and increased compaction due to the disruption of soil aggregates and good soil structure.

“Moving in the direction of notill can help producers build soil structure, giving soils a stronger shear strength and structure,” she explained. “These properties allow producers to get out into fields faster during wet times.”

However, Bauder explained, these changes do not happen overnight.

“There are many additional soil health principles that, when added to minimal soil disturbance, can greatly improve the health and productivity of soils.”

For more information on these Consider no-till and other to lightly till topics, visit the Resource page The key to repairing ruts, Bly said, preventative actions on the South Dakota Soil Health is targeting specific areas rather Although we cannot change what coalition webpage, https://www. than taking a pass at the entire field. happened last fall, some options sdsoilhealthcoalition.org/.  April 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 11

SWINE FEVER KILLS TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PIGS, MAY LEAD TO INFLATION

BY BLOOMBERG NEWS

V

isitors aren’t welcome at Zhao Baojiang’s pigsty.

Those granted access to his fortress-like farm outside Beijing must park a half-mile away, change into shoes he provides, and wear disposable overalls to prevent introducing African swine fever virus.

Zhao’s fastidiousness about infection control, combined with a towering brick wall protecting his property, probably helped save his 500-hog herd from the deadly contagion that’s ravaged pig farms

across China since August. Empty barns around his village of Xi Fengwu, about 37 miles (60 kilometers) south of the national capital, indicate few of Zhao’s neighbors were as fortunate.

The infectious disease has killed tens of thousands of pigs in China, which raises about half the world’s hogs.

Worse still, stopping its spread has resulted in the culling of millions more, including breeding sows and piglets.

Latest government predictions point to a loss of swine this year equivalent to the European Union’s annual supply.

Zhao, 67, doesn’t see affected farms recovering anytime soon.

“Not many dare to breed pigs anymore,” Zhao said. “Once your farm is hit with the disease, you’re left penniless -- which was the case for many last year. It’s obvious that there are not many pigs left.”

That poses a threat to not only the millions of Chinese whose livelihoods depend on pigs, but also to food inflation in a country with the highest per-capita pork consumption after Vietnam and the EU. Wholesale pork

prices have climbed more than 9 percent since late July.

The higher cost of pork, a key element in China’s consumer price basket, will cause the inflation barometer to rise rapidly in coming months, according to economists at Industrial Bank Co., China International Capital Corp., Citic Securities Co., and Nomura International Plc. That may frustrate efforts by the central bank to ease borrowing costs, with the consumer price index predicted to near the highest since October 2013.

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Domestic pork supply in China this year may fall at least 4 million metric tons below demand, according to Ma Chuang, deputy secretary general with Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. He estimates the total hog population may drop by as much as 30 percent in the “year of the pig” from 2018 -- a loss of about 128 million head.

“The global market won’t have enough pork to supply China,” Ma said Tuesday in an interview in Beijing. “The deficit won’t be filled even with poultry or other meats.”

African swine fever may prompt a dietary shift to alternative protein-rich foods, such as eggs and dairy, Ma said.

Meat prices, including chicken, beef

and seafood, are likely to rise because of a global shortage caused by China’s outbreaks, according to Rabobank.

China made its biggest-ever purchase of American pork in the week to April 4, pushing up Chicago hog futures.

In some areas, weekly pork sales have fallen by half because restaurants are buying less, said Xie Yifang at Xinfadi market, the largest wholesale market south of Beijing.

Even after culling diseased and potentially infected pigs, restricting the movement of hogs, and closing live-animal markets in outbreak areas, African swine fever has continued to spread, albeit at a slower pace than at the end of 2018. 

PULSE, LINKE ELECTED TO SERVE AS STATE FFA OFFICERS

2019-2020 State FFA officers:

001852326r1

T

o wrap up the 91st South Dakota State FFA Convention on April 9 in Brookings, six members were elected to serve as the 20192020 South Dakota State FFA officer team.

Ten candidates interviewed for the six South Dakota FFA leadership roles.

The individuals elected to the South Dakota State FFA officer team will travel across the state throughout the next year presenting speeches, facilitating workshops, hosting camps, holding conferences and conducting business for the South Dakota FFA Association.

They will also represent the state of South Dakota at the National FFA Convention.

• President- S ​ helby Ruland, Wall • Vice President- ​Blake Pulse, McCook Central • Secretary- ​Tori Rasmussen, Alcestor-Hudson • Treasurer- N ​ athan Linke, Sanborn Central/Woonsocket • Reporter- S ​ adie VanderWal, Northwestern • Sentinel- S ​ ami Wiseman, Tri-Valley These individuals will assist State Officers in hosting events throughout the year and are a crucial part of the South Dakota FFA Association.

2019-2020 State FFA Ambassadors • Anna Schwader, Howard • Randi Tivis, Sturgis

The 2019-2020 State FFA Officers are President ​Shelby Ruland, Wall; Vice President B ​ lake Pulse, McCook Central; Secretary T ​ ori Rasmussen, Alcestor-Hudson; Treasurer- ​Nathan Linke, Sanborn Central/Woonsocket; Reporter- S ​ adie VanderWal, Northwestern; Sentinel- ​Sami Wiseman, Tri-Valley. (Submitted photo)

April 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13

When the brothers, Gene and Craig Stehly discuss soil health, they explain that on their farm near Mitchell, it includes much more than no-till farming practices. The brothers are among South Dakota’s soil health pioneers, implementing practices, like interseeding cover crops into corn and soybeans as well as planting them after harvesting crops like wheat and other small grains. In 2018, they were recognized for their efforts with the Legacy Award by the South Dakota Soil Health Coalition. (USDA NRCS South Dakota, Joe Dickie)

THE LAND IS OUR LEGACY:

MITCHELL FARMERS REFLECT ON BUSINESS OF FARMING & BUILDING SOIL HEALTH

B

rothers, Gene and Craig say as far back as they can document, the Stehly family has farmed. “In fact, we have the deed for the quarter our greatgreat-grandfather homesteaded in South Dakota, signed by Grover Cleveland in 1865,” Gene explains.

However, when the men reflect on their farming practices and business philosophy, the brothers don’t focus on traditions or conventional practices, instead for nearly 40 years, they have focused on building their soils’ health and in return, their farm’s profitability.

“Our first motivation is always profit. We are running a business. If you look at the result of the journey, we started 40 years ago, we have soil that is much healthier in every way. We can raise more bushels with less inputs,” Gene says.

Profits were scarce when the brothers began farming in the early 1980s. A depressed farm economy, coupled with multiple seasons of drought and soil sample results showing low organic matter, motivated them to begin no-till farming.

“In those drought years, no-till worked well to stop erosion and conserve moisture,” Craig says.

Not tilling their fields also saves on equipment costs, time and labor. And, in today’s high moisture climate, Craig explains no-till,

BY LURA ROTI For South Dakota Soil Health Coalition

together with other soil healthbuilding practices, helps manage water efficiently. “It comes down to managing the water you have as efficiently as you can. Where we farm, we have most of our moisture in the spring. Instead of letting it run off, soils with higher organic matter and cover crop residue, hold water in the soil for when the plants need it.”

Now, results weren’t immediate.

They explain it takes time to build organic matter. “You can take away organic matter faster than you can build it. It takes decades to build,” Craig said. “It’s a long-term commitment.”

Together with their nephew, Skip Young, the brothers operate a large farm on owned and leased acres; raising corn, soybeans and wheat.

When the brothers discuss soil health, they explain that on their farm it includes much more than no-till farming practices. Inspired by research conducted by Dr. Dwayne Beck at Dakota Lakes Research Farm and SDSU Extension Soils Field Specialist, Anthony Bly, the brothers are among South Dakota’s soil health pioneers, implementing practices, like interseeding cover crops into corn, soybeans and wheat. In January 2019, they were recognized for their efforts with the Legacy Award by the South Dakota Soil Health Coalition.

14 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH April 2019

“Soil health isn’t just one thing.

It’s a system approach, combining no-till, crop rotation, cover crops and planting native grass seed into our sensitive areas – wetlands, and salinity areas along watersheds - to try to make our land not only profitable but sustainable for the future,” Craig explains.

Grid sampling is also key. Since 1979, the brothers have closely monitored their soil’s organic matter and available nutrients. Working closely with the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the SD Department of Game, Fish & Parks, they take underproductive acres out of production and return them to native grass or wetlands.

“We have been developing habitat since the 1980s. It goes back to making every acre count,” Gene says. “In this Prairie Pothole Region, on average, 10 percent of every field we farm, has some reason we cannot make money on it. Most the time, it is wetlands. Which is why we utilize wetland CRP so much.”

Craig adds, “Instead of getting a negative return, there are areas in nearly every one of our fields that we have converted back to wetlands or native prairie.”

The Stehly brothers manage 45 parcels of land enrolled in various conservation programs, including a bee program establishing pollinator blocks in fields that are close to

bee hives. Their actions enhance not only soil health, but improve water infiltration, reduce runoff and create wildlife and pollinator insect habitats.

These benefits do not go unnoticed.

“We rent a lot of farmland from people who are non-farmers…so that is why we have made a real push to involve our landowners so they can understand what we are doing and why we are doing it,” Gene explains.

Hunting is one way they do this.

And, their favorite example is a 350acre riparian area along Firesteel Creek, that feeds into Lake Mitchell.

Ten years ago, it was just pastureland with a section of Firesteel Creek running through it.

Today, the area is home to more than 48 native forbs, pollinator insects, deer, pheasants, meadowlarks and other wildlife and birds. A 2018 test of Firesteel Creek showed dramatic improvement in water quality.

“The land is our legacy, so it does go beyond money with us. We want to do what’s right,” Gene says.

Anyone interested in evaluating their landscape to make changes or enhancements like the Stehly brothers have, can contact their local USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for free one-on-one technical advice for their land. 

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