South Dakota Farm and Ranch

WINTER TIME DISEASES IMPACTING CATTLE

6

Conditions waiver as weather cools down for

WINTER WHEAT

Immigration Reform

4 9

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WINTER TIME

Diseases impacting cattle

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Cattle roam on a farm west of Mitchell earlier this month.

(Matt Gade/Republic)

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Winter Wheat 4

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South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of South Dakota, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day.

You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication and support that agriculture can offer.

To subscribe to this FREE publication, contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.

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DECEMBER 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 3

Conditions waiver as weather cools down for

Winter Wheat

BY ERIN BECK South Dakota Farm & Ranch

Photo courtesy of South Dakota Wheat Growers Connecting Solutions

4 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH DECEMBER 2017

“This could be good news for winter wheat farmers,” Edwards said. “Colder-than-average temperatures isn’t great news, but if we do get higher than average snowfall, that could provide some insulation and protection from the harshest and coldest period we’ll see.”

Although current weather is not trending toward better conditions for the state’s crop, South Dakota State University crop production extension specialist Jonathan Kleinjan noted that his winter wheat variety testing around the state has shown favorable conditions.  Continued to page 14

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ext year’s winter wheat yields may be a toss-up as December temps spiral down.

While current winter wheat conditions are not trending toward the better, if the weather forecast leans toward heavier snowfall and a wet spring, the winter wheat crop situation may improve.

State Climatologist Laura Edwards said that current winter wheat conditions are comparable to the 2012-13 winter wheat crop conditions, which started out as a drought year with minimal improvements by the following spring.

While winter wheat emergence has reached 100 percent across South Dakota, according to the USDA Crop Progress Report, as of Nov. 26, 1 percent of winter wheat was ranked excellent, with 17 percent classified as good and 44 percent fair, while 38 percent was either poor or very poor.

“We’re starting off in a pretty tough situation with some poor crop conditions,” Edwards said.

Depending on the weather trajectory throughout the winter, Mother Nature may give farmers a helping hand. The National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center has officially issued a weak La Niña advisory, which may bring in colder temperatures over the Dakotas.

While Edwards believes the short-term weather forecast will remain fairly dry, she expects to see more precipitation in the longterm forecast with heavier snowfall to offer a snow pack over the crop and provide moisture in the spring.

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Winter’s late arrival good news for SD cattle

BY CAITLYNN PEETZ South Dakota Farm & Ranch PHOTOGRAPHY FOR SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH

A

s winter weather approaches, so will winter diseases impacting cattle, officials warn.

Through the end of November, south central South Dakota witnessed mild temperatures, with few traces of snow until the first week of December. But as temperatures and snow begin to drop across the region, South Dakota Assistant State Veterinarian Mendel Miller cautions producers to be conscious of potential illnesses among cattle.

Bovine Respiratory Disease — the “animal version of pneumonia” — is the biggest concern for cattle year-round Miller said, but extreme cold or temperatures varying between cold and moderate can increase the risk for the disease.

6 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH DECEMBER 2017

Fog, drizzle, rain and snow conditions are the most common conditions in which cattle become ill, he said.

The most common warning signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease are lack of appetite, decrease in energy, depression, diarrhea and difficulty breathing, Miller said.

And though there isn’t anything farmers can do to control the weather, Miller said it’s important for farmers to vaccinate their animals to keep them healthy, as well as maintaining a protein-rich diet.

“Cattle need more energy to stay warm in extreme cold weather, so feeding a proper diet for the winter weather is important to keep them healthy,” Miller said. “This is especially true of pregnant cows which need to preserve their body condition while developing a calf.”

The good news is that the late arrival of winter weather this year shouldn’t have much of an impact on the intensity of illnesses, Miller added. Rather, it will mostly cause cattle’s heavy coats to be a bit warm until colder temperatures arrive, but that simply makes them uncomfortable, Miller said, not sick.

And spring calves shouldn’t be impacted either.

“Late-arriving winter doesn’t really throw off (cattle) schedules,” Miller said. “They probably react more to amount of daylight hours than actual temperatures as far as how their body prepares for winter, so unless it is extremely late or warm, they aren’t dramatically affected.”

If a farmer or rancher is concerned about their cattle, Miller encouraged them to seek assistance from their local veterinarian. 

Cattle eat on a farm west of Mitchell earlier this month. (Matt Gade / Republic)

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State ag leaders call for immigration reform as system becomes outdated

BY SARA BERTSCH South Dakota Farm & Ranch

changes in last 30 years.

Bureau Federation President

law to help agriculture for

And that’s what paralyzing

Scott VanderWal and Walt

over two decades now and we

any

Bones, former South Dakota

need a program that works for

Boadwine said. “I guess that’s

Secretary

all of agriculture,” VanderWal

the piece I advocate the most,

said.

of

Agriculture, in

the

call.

a functional guest worker

wasteful when produce goes

program for producers like

appropriate

worker

unharvested or people can’t

me in South Dakota so we

program and a bipartisan

hire people to help milk cows.

can continue to have vibrant

solution on Deferred Action

That’s

businesses.”

guest

Childhood

according

Arrivals

to

the

New

American Economy (NAE).

The

organization

brings

together leaders across the

called for action in addressing the

country’s

outdated

immigration system.

reform,”

simply

residents in South Dakota,

industry, state leaders have

immigration

The three asked for a more

There are 30,644 immigrant

to South Dakota’s agriculture

any

changes to the immigration

(DACA).

To avoid a “crushing blow”

made

along with South Dakota Farm

for

VanderWal

haven’t

“We’ve been asking for

participated

Boadwine

“We

in southeastern South Dakota,

United States who support immigration

reforms.

NAE

also found immigrant-owned businesses in South Dakota employee 11,757 people.

But there’s an uncertain future,

which

worries

Three ag leaders in South

VanderWal, who said the

Dakota hosted a media call

South Dakota Farm Bureau

this past week to talk about

is

“very

the key role immigrants play

a

potential

“It’s

just

damaging

to

their

Boadwine

operations.”

And

Boadwine

to

agreed.

say he and other ag leaders

began

want a platform in which they

labor

can enter in the discussion.

Boadwine using

continued

immigrant

approximately 20 years ago,

Knowing

he said, and it’s what kept him

reform is going to “take a

“alive in the dairy industry.”

lot of compromises,” he said

Through this time, he’s used the guest worker program, which was developed years

immigration

Congress needs to begin the discussion — and quickly.

Boadwine

estimated

70

earlier and often only applies

percent of milk harvested

to seasonal or temporary

in the United States is done

laborers, which is typically

with immigrant labor. And

meant

in his own dairy business,

for

pickers

and

vegetable growers.

60

temporary,

but concerns of the future

of

Boadwine said, and is often

has him worried for his and

in the state’s ag industry and

workers in the state and

excluded in participation of

the state’s workforce.

overall impact to the South

across

States

the guest worker program.

“Right now I’m able to fill

Dakota economy.

as the immigration system

And part of the reason he

the positions,” Boadwine said.

continues to become even

joined in the call was to do

“But I keep thinking, what

more outdated.

something about the program.

about the future?” 

Lynn Boadwine, a dairy producer at Boadwine Farms

the

shortage United

seasonal

not

approximately

percent immigrant workers

with

is

has

deemed

concerned”

Dairy

he

or

DECEMBER 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 9

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Increase the resilience of your ranching operation

BY DAVE OLLILA SDSU Extension PHOTOGRAPHY FOR SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH

E

ach year the profitability of the farm or ranch is challenged by conditions that negatively impact revenue and increase expenses.

Currently, we continue to experience drought conditions across western South Dakota. Depending on which side of the fence you stand on, some commodity prices are below the cost of production.

Using an analogy from rangeland management, producers who build resilience into their agricultural operation are positioned to lessen the risk that environment, climate, markets and finances place on profitability.

Resilience is defined as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

The term, resilience, fits well to when assessing the current state of a ranching operation, as well as a guide for future management decisions.

As we end the 2017 production year and plan for 2018, there are a number of obstacles likely to affect a ranches’ profitability.

The largest obstacle to test the resilience of an operation is the current condition of its land resource due to the lack of rainfall.

Producers need to critically assess their current drought management plan. Make sure all trigger dates are in place and that the action plans connected to those dates are realistic and appropriate.

If you don’t have a drought management plan, Get one! How? There are a number of local resources that will provide real life, up-to-date examples and templates of drought plans suited to this region.

SDSU Extension is committed to helping producers mitigate the impact of the drought conditions while helping to build resilience in the operation. ontact any one of our team members today. A complete listing can be found at www.iGrow.org.

As you develop your drought management plan, remember to solicit input from family and financial stakeholders.

Once a draft is completed provide a copy and explain the action plans to all involved. When climate conditions change, modify your plan accordingly.

SDSU Extension is assisting with a number of related educational programs that can help in the decision making process which will be occurring in December 2017.

C

Drought Management Plan Guidance Below are contact numbers and websites that can assist in securing and developing drought management plans.

SDSU Extension staff: For a complete listing of specialists, visit iGrow.org and click on the Field Staff icon or call the SDSU Regional Extension Center in Rapid City at (605) 394-1722.

South Dakota NRCS: Management plan link: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/sd/technical/landuse/ pasture/www.nrcs.usda.gov: This is the national website. Click on the State Office Tab. Once you are on South Dakota’s page, click on the Contact Us tab to find contact information for your local NRCS Office and Conservation District office.

South Dakota Grassland Coalition: Visit www.sdgrass.org and click on the Mentoring Network tab. There, you will find contact information of ranchers with drought plans and years of ranch management experience. These folks can provide support and clarity to your decision making process.

National Drought Mitigation Center: http://drought.unl.edu/ - decision making information, drought management tools and examples of drought plans are available. 

DECEMBER 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 11

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12 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH DECEMBER 2017

Importance of pregnancy detection in a dry year SOURCE: SDSU EXTENSION

B

ROOKINGS — With moisture levels below average in much of South Dakota, cattle producers may find results from pregnancy checking

their herd useful in making management

• Pregnancy check early to determine

• Check conformation of cows and

AI or early bull bred cows from late

make note of bad feet, legs, teeth,

bred cows, identify twins and plan

lumps, body condition score, etc.

facilities and labor for the calving

Use this data to create cow groups

season.

that may need to be sold, or have

decisions moving forward, said Taylor

• Sort cows into groups to meet

Grussing, SDSU Extension cow/calf field

nutritional needs. Young heifers

specialist.

and older cows may need to be

“Pregnancy testing cows and removing open or even late cows from the herd may preserve valuable feed resources if drought conditions continue,” Grussing said.

separated from the rest of the herd to provide more nutrients versus overfeeding the entire herd to increase energy to a few thinner cows.

more TLC this winter (Example: take this group to the close pasture with a corral versus trailing them to pasture 5 miles away with no corral).

• Begin winter parasite control and scour vaccine administration.

• Weigh cows if possible. Knowing average weight of cows in the herd

PREGNANCY TESTING CONSIDERATIONS

• Tag cows by calving date so it is

can help with designing rations

easier to identify which cows will

and calculating feed inventory for

Although there are costs associated

calve first come calving season;

the winter.

with pregnancy checking, $3 to $8 per

example: green = February, yellow

head, Grussing urged producers to

= March, red = April, etc.

• Compare calf weaning weight to cow weight. If cows are not

consider the value this

weaning enough of their body

one practice can have on

weight, should certain cows be

other areas of the cow/

culled? Pounds weaned per female

calf operation.

exposed is calculated by taking

“The overall cost of

total pounds of weaned calves

preg testing the herd is

divided by total cows that were

still likely less than it will

exposed

cost to feed open cows

season. This value is a key indicator

throughout the winter,”

of successful operations. It takes

she said.

into account weaning weight and

during

the

breeding

the

reproductive rates. If this number

Grussing

is low, first determine if it is due to

r e c o m m e n d e d

poor reproductive rates (breeding,

producers

calving) or if is due to genetics or

To

maximize

investment,

take

days of age.

advantage of the labor available on the day

• Establish a marketing plan for open,

the herd is pregnancy

late bred, poor-doers and cows

checked to complete a

culled for other reasons (attitude,

few more tasks.

feet, udder, etc.) Determine if the

Below

Grussing

current market is profitable or if

outlines a list of tasks to

cows should be fed until prices go higher. 

consider:

Shutterstock photo

DECEMBER 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13

Continued from page 4

Kleinjan said seed sales appear to be up around 20 percent compared to seed sales from last year. Although an estimate hasn’t come out yet for acres planted to winter wheat, last year’s acres were reported at 850,000 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency.

“Plantings are up maybe a little bit this fall,” said Kleinjan, who has been keeping an eye on the crop situation while traveling across the state.

Winter wheat acreage has declined sharply over the years, with the 2017 winter wheat harvest covering the fewest acres in South Dakota since 1971. Kleinjan acknowledged that prices are the driving factor for producers’ waning interest in growing winter wheat.

Spring and winter wheat are struggling to compete as corn and soybeans dominate midwestern crop demographics and grain markets. However, Kleinjan believes crop rotations may play a role in encouraging producers to broaden their two-crop rotation system.

“There are benefits to having a third crop in rotation other than corn and soybeans, and more people are starting to realize that,” Kleinjan said. Republic file photo

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See these Auctioneers for all of your Real Estate, Farm, Household, Consignments, Business Liquidation or other needs.

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2017

AUCTIONEER DI R E C TORY

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14 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH DECEMBER 2017

TOTAuLtion Sol

ANDY HARR

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AUCTIONS & REAL ESTATE 001539219r2

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Montana

REGIONAL SOUTH DAKOTA CHAMPIONS BRAND

LOCATION

TEST

TRIAL

5F-196™*

SDNE Region- Cavour

Full

F.I.R.S.T.

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Early

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Central Region- Miller

Late

SDSU

*G2® brand seed is distributed by NuTech Seed, LLC. genetics

® G2 is a registered trademark of Pioneer.

© 12/2017 NuTech Seed, LLC.

Contact Dan Van Drongelen

605-680-4811

South Dakota Farm & Ranch

Your trusted agricultural news source for generation after generation!

IF A SINGLE SEED CAN

CHANGE THE WORLD, IMAGINE WHAT A TRUCKLOAD OF CORN CAN DO. At POET, we continue to develop more efficient ways to reduce our dependence of fossil fuels. Opportunity is everywhere, if you know where to look.

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Call your sales rep for information 605-996-5514

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DECEMBER 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 15

16 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH DECEMBER 2017

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