South Dakota Farm and Ranch

AGWEEK’S

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JANUARY 2017

GENERAL MILLS

BRINGING OATS RESEARCH TO THE NEXT LEVEL

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PREPARING FOR SPRING 11

Net wrap not twine 4 Cattle & arctic blasts 6

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On the cover

General Mills Bringing oats research to the next level with SDSU

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Features

Net Wrap

4

Artic Blasts

6

Preparing for Spring

11

USDA Research

14

Family Recipe

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Publisher RO R Y PA L M Editor L U K E H AG EN Advertising Director LO R I E H A N S EN Layout Design JEN PH I L L I PS South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of South Dakota, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day.

You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication and support that agriculture can offer.

We’re all South Dakota farmers and ranchers, and with this publication, we want to showcase your successes, new technology, upcoming events, FFA and 4-H club news and much more.

To subscribe to this FREE publication, contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.

Contact Us PO BOX 1288 • MITCHELL , SD 605-996-5514

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Net wrap is not twine Cattle producers need to take extra precautions SOURCE: SDSU EXTENSION

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ROOKINGS — With advancements in bale binding technology, efficiency has increased. Today’s net wrap increases baling efficiency by 75 percent over twine binding.

“In addition, net wrap also increases water shedding ability, resulting in less spoilage and outdoors storage losses,” said Taylor Grussing, SDSU Extension Cow/Calf Field Specialist.

Due to these advantages, Grussing said that it’s no surprise that an estimated 90 percent of producers have converted from twine to net wrap over the last decade.

However, Grussing said, producers need to remember that net wrap is not twine. So, although it was OK to leave twine on the bale when feeding or grinding, she does not encourage this practice with net wrap.

“Net wrapping is newer and the effects on cattle consumption is relatively undocumented,” she said. “When net wrap is not removed prior to feeding whole bales or grinding, there is a potential risk for cattle to ingest the net wrap along with the forage.”

Net wrap ingestion potentially harmful In 2008, veterinarians at University of Nebraska Lincoln and across the state reported large volumes of twine accumulation in rumens upon post-mortem evaluations of beef cattle.

North Dakota State University diagnosed net wrap ingestion as the cause of an unexpected death in a feedlot heifer. A 2014 follow up study by Klein and Dahlen looked at net wrap digestibility compared to sisal and biodegradable twine. After 14 days of incubation in rumen cannulated steers, 70 percent of sisal twine disappeared while 0 percent, or none of the net wrap and biodegradable twine were degraded.

“Since net wrap does not appear to be

Today’s net wrap increases baling efficiency by 75 percent over twine binding.

Photo courtesy of iGrow.org

digested in the rumen, it can accumulate which may have implications on production efficiency and animal health if the digestive system is compromised,” Grussing said.

She added that the highest risk occurs when whole net wrapped bales are offered on cow/calf operations, however there is also potential for net wrap to accumulate even if particle size is decreased when utilized as tub ground hay.

“Risk of loss is likely related to how much opportunity cattle have to consume net wrap,” Grussing said. “Cows fed exclusively long hay in net-wrapped bales from bale-feeders would likely be at the greatest risk.”

Feedlot cattle fed a high-concentrate diet would have much less exposure, but could still accumulate significant amounts of net wrap.

Take it off While it may not be possible to remove all the net wrap, Grussing said it’s important to try, especially when feeding whole bales.

Net wrap removal can be done using a simple pocket knife or hot knives which are available

for the more tangled mess. “Hot knives are especially handy in the winter when net wrap can freeze onto bales making it more difficult to remove,” Grussing said.

When grinding bales, cattle producers likely won’t be able to cut off net wrap as they go, so Grussing encourages them to prepare for the grinder a couple days ahead by removing net wrap from a few bales each day. “This method may allow you to get half of the net wrap off bales to be ground, which will result in less accumulation in the pile,” she said.

If producers choose not to remove net wrap prior to feeding, Grussing suggested that they at least pick it up and throw it away after the bale is gone.

“Cattle get bored and like to chew on things so they will eat net wrap if it’s laying around,” Grussing said. “Taking the time to pick up net wrap in and around bale feeders is a simple way to reduce the chances of ingestion.”

If you have questions on net wrap ingestion or how to conduct post-mortem evaluations, contact your herd veterinarian or an SDSU Extension Field Specialist.

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Lot 12

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Managing cattle through an arctic blast

Photo courtesy of Farm & Livestock Directory

SOURCE: SDSU EXTENSION

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ROOKINGS — Extremely cold temperatures are gripping the cattle feeding areas of the Northern Plains.

Although cattle producers can’t alter the weather, there are management steps that can be taken to help maintain cattle health and performance, explained Warren Rusche, SDSU Extension Beef Feedlot Management Associate.

Rusche outlines research which shows that by managing bedding, pens and feed intake, producers can help their cattle through the extreme weather.

quality and can also reduce the chances for injury or mobility problems late in the feeding period caused by cold or icy conditions.

Bedding

waiting until cattle are exhausted before providing bedding results in calves simply “resting up” on the bed pack and rather than continuing to eat their ration,” Rusche said.

He explained that this could result in diminished performance and increase the risk of digestive upset when cattle resume eating.

In extreme cold conditions, the priority pens for bedding should be the lightest calves (less than 750 pounds) and cattle that are within 45 days of being shipped.

Research shows that bedding the almost finished cattle helps avoid negative impacts on carcass.

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“Providing bedding is the most useful tool to improve cattle comfort, especially in outside yards,” Rusche said.

Bedding helps cattle preserve body heat and reduce the impact of cold stress on maintenance energy requirements. Visit iGrow. org to read “Bedding During Winter Months Pays Off,” to gain insights into how using bedding can affect cattle performance during the winter.

When extreme cold weather is expected, feeders should start bedding sooner rather than later, said Rusche, quoting Dr. Erik Loe, Consulting Beef Cattle Nutritionist with Midwest PMS, LLC. “His experience suggests that

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JANUARY 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 7

Bringing oats research to the next level with SDSU

BY ERIN BECK South Dakota Farm & Ranch PHOTOGRAPHY FOR SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH

(L to R) From General Mills: Lane Johnson, Paul Richter, Jim Kirkwood, Buzz; From South Dakota State University: Jack, Kevin Kephart, Barry Dunn, Daniel Scholl

S

outh Dakota is leading the country in providing oats for General Mills’ food production — a trend that is likely to continue now that General Mills has partnered with South Dakota State University for oat variety research and development.

SDSU and General Mills announced their partnership last June along with their intentions to form a state-of-the-art oat variety development lab in Brookings. According to SDSU plant science department head David Wright, the infrastructure is already in place, with labs and greenhouses in place at the Young Brothers Seed Technology Building.

“We have the breeding knowledge,” Wright said. “We have

a nutritional lab and a seed technology building.”

Now SDSU has the collaboration of General Mills to power oats breeding research to the next level.

General Mills’ decision to foster a collaborative research relationship with SDSU was motivated by several factors.

As a major oat producing state, South Dakota was a prime region for investment. SDSU’s close connections with the milling industry were an added bonus to generating valuable research. Similar research priorities also fueled a good working relationship between SDSU and General Mills.

“We’re in the business to produce food sustainably,” Wright said. “It means a better product for the consumer.”

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Barry Dunn, former dean of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, also saw the value in SDSU’s oat breeding research and made moves to pool resources into the program.

Melanie Caffe-Treml joined the SDSU research team as a full-time oat breeder, one of three in the country.

Caffe-Treml believes the partnership with General Mills will strengthen SDSU’s current program and enable both breeding programs to collaborate on research projects more effectively.

Paul Richter from General Mills has teamed up with Caffe-Treml to advance SDSU’s reputation of developing successful oat varieties. General Mills has also supplied additional equipment for evaluating milling and nutritional quality.

Despite the changes taking place within SDSU’s oat breeding program, the goal remains the same.

“Our primary breeding objective remains the same as before: developing new oat varieties for forage and grain production that will increase the profitability of producers,” Caffe-Treml said.

Richter believes SDSU’s top-of-the-line oat breeding program will enable General Mills to better carry out its goal in maintaining a sustainable oat supply while increasing the health benefits of oats.

“The program is laser focused on local farmers’ and processors’ needs,” Richter said.

General Mills is placing greater emphasis on breeding for organic oat production. Richter foresees this priority boosting the production of more profitable oat varieties in the Dakotas. He believes oat production will continue to increase

in South Dakota, especially as more evidence shows the benefits of adding oats in rotation both short and long term.

SDSU’s partnership with General Mills has implications for growers as well. Interim dean Daniel Scholl anticipates improved research to enable SDSU to help growers more reliably and successfully produce oats. Oats have historically been grown as a forage crop in South Dakota to break up disease and pest cycles in rotations. With an increasing global demand for oats, South Dakota growers will also have the opportunity to produce oats for human consumption. Scholl expects improved oat varieties to provide growers with an

alternative revenue flow.

“Our research will include very precise knowledge on the response of oats to soils and treatments so that precision agriculture techniques will be applied accurately to crops,” Scholl said.

South Dakota oats will impact human diets worldwide thanks to General Mills’ global influence. Wright believes this will enable SDSU to focus on changes occurring within the next decade now before those changes happen.

“Our partnership with General Mills gives us at SDSU a unique vision of global change in human food consumption, not just with oats,” Wright said.

The Young Brothers Seed Technology Building is home to the new oats variety development lab in Brookings.

Together SDSU and General Mills will focus on progressing oat varieties to promote sustainability in the food system and increase profitability for growers.

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Preparing for

Spring

BY ERIN BECK South Dakota Farm & Ranch PHOTOGRAPHY FOR SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH

E

LKTON — Spring planting is on Rich Motter’s mind as frigid winter temps grip eastern South Dakota. Motter manages a row crop operation near Elkton, where he has preserved his family’s legacy on their century farm.

Motter completes his seed orders before Christmas to capitalize on the best discounts. Even when he’s in the combine, he keeps a close eye on yields and crop performance to see which varieties excel.

Motter weighs several factors when choosing the following year’s seed varieties. Yield holds a higher priority compared to cost, but he also takes disease resistance and standability into account. If the crop can’t reach harvest, yield will mean nothing.

The end of the year is a busy time for Mike Dray as well at Hefty Seed Company, which works closely with farmers to prepare for spring. It’s prime time for orders on seed, chemical and fertilizer as farmers lock in their purchases for the upcoming planting season.

“Farmers are looking mostly at cost,” Dray said. “But they’re also looking for proper recommendations that will work on their farm.”

This is the technology you never heard of five to 10 years ago.

RICH MOTTER,

Midwest farmer Asking lots of questions is Dray’s strategy for finding the best fit for farmer and field.

He considers how weather extremes will affect the ground, potential for yield and the farmer’s budget.

“It’s about how they can make money,” Dray said, “not me selling them something.”

Dray’s priority at Hefty is to ensure that the right variety is placed on the right acre. The progress in seed technology has led to the evolution of many different choices in seed, with traits ranging from high yielding varieties to defensive mechanisms against disease, weather and pests.

“There’s less risk involved in getting that crop to harvest,” Dray said.

Motter relies on four primary varieties for the bulk of his planting for both corn and soybeans. For smaller acreages he experiments with lesser known varieties.

Agriculture has advanced significantly since Motter started farming 45 years ago. He points to technology as the key factor responsible for those transitions.

“The biggest change is how fast things change,” Motter said.

CONTINUED TO PAGE 12

JANUARY 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 11

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 11

When Motter first began farming, a good hybrid could last for five to 10 years due to superior quality. Today’s plant hybrids may not be available within a couple years owing to rapid progression in seed technology. Motter also noted that equipment quickly becomes obsolete with constant upgrades.

While the face of farming has changed, it has made tasks easier as well as more efficient. Motter relies on technology for better accuracy and precision when preparing the seedbed for the upcoming planting season. Thanks to Hefty’s fertilizer removal app, he can calculate the amount of nutrients he’s removed from the field during harvest. In turn he supplies the soil with an adequate level of fertilizer to meet plant nutrient requirements for the following growing year.

“This is the technology you never heard of five to 10 years ago,” Motter said.

Despite the challenges in keeping pace with technological advancements, he’s reaped the rewards of precision agriculture.

“It’s by far the best we’ve seen for crops in 45 years,” Motter said.

12 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH JANUARY 2017

Rich Motter uses the Hefty fertilizer removal app to calculate the amount of nutrients that have left his field during harvest. Motter is conscientious about the health of his soil and is diligent in applying adequate levels of fertilizer to prepare for next year’s crop. (Submitted photo)

Continued from page 6

Managing feed intake

Keeping feed intake consistent is a challenge during extreme weather conditions. “Some days keeping machinery running to simply get the cattle fed on time is a major accomplishment.

Inconsistencies in feed intake lead to poorer conversions and in extreme cases, acidosis,” Rusche said.

By adding additional

roughage to a finishing diet — for example, feeding 12-13 percent instead of 10 percent roughage, for instance) — could reduce the impacts of any inconsistencies in feed consumption.

Backgrounding cattle are usually fed to achieve a certain ADG (average daily gain) target.

“Extended periods of cold conditions can cause cattle to fall short, especially if the cold temperatures last for an extended period of time,” Rusche said.

“Increasing the energy content by another 2 to 4 Mcal NEg (mega-calories of net energy for gain) or increasing

the amount fed by an additional 0.2 percent of body weight might be required to meet production targets.”

Pen maintenance

Lot conditions, particularly ice, can affect feed consumption.

“Slick areas on the feed bunk apron and around waterers can reduce the willingness of calves to come to eat or drink, not to mention the increased risk of injury,” Rusche said.

Mud can also become an issue.

“Keep in mind that today’s snow can easily become tomorrow’s mud. Muddy conditions in the feedlot can be one of the biggest

issues in getting cattle to perform during the winter and early spring,” Rusche said.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that muddy yards can result in as much as 100 pounds difference in final weight between cattle of similar genetic type that were fed similar rations.

Removing snow and scraping outside pens can be incredibly difficult to accomplish, especially during extreme weather conditions. However, anything that can be done to remove snow and improve lot conditions now will pay off in later as the lot surface starts to thaw.

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Lot 1 Koupals B & B Full Metal 6018

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Lot 42 Koupals B & B Ft Knox 6072

Reg #18573476 Sire: Koupals B & B Ft Knox 2077 MGS: DD Headline 806 BW +2.1; WW +59; YW +106; Milk +28

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JANUARY 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13

USDA announces $3.8M for research

FAVOR I T E FAM I LY

Helps farmers, ranchers meet growing demand for organic products SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

W

ASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) recently announced the availability of up to $3.8 million in funding to support research, education and extension to support organic farmers and ranchers as well as those adopting organic practices for the first time. The grants are funded through the Organic Transitions Program (ORG), administered by NIFA and authorized by the 2014 Farm Bill.

“The United States retail market for organic products is valued at more than $43 billion — and consumer demand for organic products is booming,” said NIFA Director Sonny Ramaswamy. “Research investments in programs like Organic Transitions helps more farms become certified organic and gain access to this growing market opportunity.”

Priority research areas include: • Documenting and understanding the effects of organic practices such as crop rotation, livestock-crop integration, organic manure, mulch and/or compost additions, cover crops, and reduced or conservation tillage on ecosystem services, greenhouse gas mitigation, and biodiversity.

• Improving technologies, methods, model development and other metrics to document, describe and optimize the environmental services and climate change mitigation ability of organic farming systems.

• Developing cultural practices and other allowable alternatives to substances recommended for removal from NOP’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances.

• Addressing major barriers that limit the transition to organic agriculture in a given region or specific crop or animal production systems.

Applications are due March 9. For eligibility, program details and to apply for a grant, see NIFA’s Organic Transitions web page.

Previous projects funded through the Organic Transitions Program include a multi-state, trans-disciplinary project led by the University of Maryland to improve the management of soils in transitional and organic farming systems. A project from South Dakota State University brought together Native American stakeholders with agricultural and social scientists to develop organic production practices and market the resulting produce.

Over the past eight years, USDA has strengthened programs that support organic producers as they grow and respond to increasing consumer demand for a range of organic products. The USDA organic seal has become a leading global standard and in the U.S. there are now over 21,700 certified USDA organic operations, representing a nearly 300% increase since 2002. Worldwide, there are more than 31,000 certified organic operations in over 120 countries.

USDA supports the organic sector through a wide variety of programs, including conservation grants, organic crop insurance, certification cost-share, organic market news and simplified microloans. To learn more about USDA support for organic agriculture, visit www.usda.gov/organic.

Since 2009, USDA has invested $19 billion in research both intramural and extramural. During that time, research conducted

by USDA scientists has resulted in 883 patent applications filed, 405 patents issued and 1,151 new inventions disclosures covering a wide range of topics and discoveries. To learn more about how USDA supports cutting edge science and innovation, visit the USDA Medium chapter Food and Ag Science Will Shape Our Future.

14 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH JANUARY 2017

Loaded Potato Soup Ingredients 6 slices bacon, chopped 2 medium yellow onions, chopped 2 cloves garlic, minced 3 tablespoons flour 4 cups chicken broth 1 cup heavy cream 3 pounds russet potatoes, chopped 1 cup sour cream 3 cups shredded cheddar 4 scallions, sliced, for garnish Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper

Directions • Set a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add the bacon and cook until crispy, 6 to 8 minutes; remove to a plate. When cool, crumble and set aside for garnish.

• Add the onions and garlic to the pot, and cook in the rendered bacon grease until softened, 4 to 5 minutes. Add the flour and some salt and pepper, and stir until combined. Cook for 3 minutes, so the raw flour taste cooks out. Add the chicken broth and heavy cream, whisking to remove any flour lumps. Add the potatoes and cook over medium heat until tender, about 10 minutes.

• With a potato masher, break up the cooked potatoes this will yield a thick and chunky consistency. Whisk in sour cream and then the shredded cheddar; let it melt through.

• Serve garnished with crispy crumbled bacon and sliced scallions.

Servings Per Recipe 8

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E

F 200 PROOF

100 PERCENT HOMEGROWN

At POET, we believe in cultivating communities and growing the local economy. Creating new local jobs while we create worldwide energy solutions.

Helping family farms grow even as they fuel the world. Because we know that investing in a community can pay global dividends.

See the world dif ferently.

POET.COM/Mitchell | 877.777.4084

• Farm • Livestock Mortality / ASD Infertility • Commerical • Crop • Home • Auto

JANUARY 2017 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 15

16 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH JANUARY 2017

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