South Dakota Farm & Ranch October 2016

AGWEEK’S

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OCTOBER 2 016

SOUTH DAKOTA

CORN

YIELDS DOWN FROM 2015 NATIONWIDE PRODUCTION

9

The Daily Republic’s

HARVEST OUTLOOK Soybean yields slightly down 8 MATT GADE/REPUBLIC

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2 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH OCTOBER 2016

FARM& RANCH SOUTH DAKOTA

INSIDE THIS ISSUE On the cover 9

South Dakota corn yeilds down from 2015 nationwide production

Features 5

Farm Safety

8

Soybean yields slightly down

15 Swine education & research facility 16 Daily Republic’s Harvest Outlook 23 Tips for early weaned calves

Publisher RORY PA L M Editor LUKE HAGEN Advertising Director L ORIE H A N S E N Layout Design J E N P H IL L IP S South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of SD, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day.

You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population, and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication, and support that agriculture can offer.

We’re all South Dakota Farmers and Ranchers, and with this publication we want to showcase your successes, new technology, upcoming events, FFA and 4-H club news and much more.

To subscribe to this FREE publication contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.

Contact Us PO BOX 1288 • MITCHELL, SD 605-996-5514

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Farm Safety: Making It a Daily Habit

Photo courtesy of kogytuk/Shutterstock.com SOURCE: SDSU EXTENSION

B

ROOKINGS — Unfortunately, those of us working in agriculture often become complacent in our daily safety habits and focus more on task accomplishment, instead of safety. This harvest, SDSU Extension staff reminds producers across the state to slow down and put safety first.

“We know that agriculture ranks as one of the most dangerous occupations causing an estimated 167 lost-work-time injuries on a daily basis — and for many in agriculture, fall is the one of the busiest times of year,” explained Tracey Erickson, SDSU Dairy Field Specialist.

She added that according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), of the injuries which occur each day on farms and ranches across the U.S. 5 percent result in permanent impairment. In addition, approximately 20 farm workers per 100,000 die annually, with the leading cause of these deaths being tractor overturns.

“It is so important to take time to train all employees on how to perform on-farm/ranch tasks safely,” Erickson said. “Make sure to address incorrect performance immediately by showing and telling them how to perform a job correctly.”

Erickson outlines some basic tips to help increase safety this harvest.

FARM SAFETY TIPS • • •

• • •

• • •

Follow operating, maintenance and safety instructions in your operator’s manual. Review them periodically.

Be personally fit and ready for a safe day at the wheel. Take occasional breaks to reduce fatigue.

Dress appropriately for weather and working conditions, including personal protective gear such as a bump cap, gloves, safety shoes, ear plugs, respirators, and safety glasses.

Make sure all equipment operators are well trained and competent.

Do not allow extra riders on equipment.

Keep all shielding in place and considering purchasing a roll-over protection system (ROPS) if the tractor is not already equipped with a ROPS or cab. Make certain hydraulic lines are properly connected and leak free.

Stop the power before unclogging or fixing a power-driven machine.

Match ground speed to operating conditions. Watch where you are going. Avoid obstacles, ditches and steep slopes.

Watch for overhead power lines.

Continued on page 6 OCTOBER 2016 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 5

Continued from page 5

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When on the road, use your flashing lights. Make sure the slow-moving vehicle emblem is clean and visible. Obey all traffic rules. This includes not texting or using your personal smartphone for emailing or using apps, while driving equipment down roads.

Take the time to transport large equipment down public roads in an appropriate manner.

Turn off the engine before refueling. Do not smoke around hazardous chemicals.

When parking, set brakes, shift into “park” or “neutral”.

Make sure there is a working fire extinguisher and first aid kit on your operating equipment and that all employees know where they are and how to access or operate.

Before emptying manure pits make sure it has been well ventilated and that you use a respirator to avoid exposure to toxic gases, wear a harness and have one person outside the pit who is able to summon help if necessary. Additional resource information can be found at http://extension.psu.edu/business/agsafety/confined-spaces/manure Follow safety guidelines for safe grain bin entry so that personnel entrapment in grain does not occur. Wear a safety harness at all times and work in pairs with one person staying outside the bin being able to summon help if needed.

Additional resources can be found at http://extension.psu.edu/business/agsafety/confined-spaces/flowing-grain/ hazards-of-flowing-grain Understand animal behavior and how an animal flight zone and balance point can be used to handle livestock in a safe and calm manner. Attend a livestock handling workshop as you and your employees improve your animal handling skill set.

Make sure you have appropriate livestock handling facilities which will be safe for both you and your livestock.

Lastly, and most importantly, watch out for the children on the farm yard. Make sure they understand not to play around equipment or facilities. In addition, we should also make an extra effort to know where they are at on the farm at all times.

6 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH OCTOBER 2016

All photos courtesy of Metro Creative.

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Soybean yields slightly down

BY CAITLYNN PEETZ South Dakota Farm & Ranch PHOTOGRAPHY BY Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm & Ranch

E

THAN — Coming off a record year of soybean production in 2015, South Dakota isn’t expected to be as successful in 2016.

But officials remain hopeful that yields across the state will be comparable to last year.

“Any time you follow a record year in production, the next year will look at little down,” said South Dakota Soybean Association Executive Director Jeremy Freking.

In 2015, 5.15 million acres of soybeans were harvested in South Dakota, averaging about 46 bushels per acre. Earlier this year, the United States Department of Agriculture forecasted there would be 4.8 million acres of soybeans in the state in 2016, with a yield of 43 bushels per acre.

Freking said this is a “very good” crop, topping the five-year average, and what he expected harvest to look like in 2016.

Generally, Freking said, farmers to the north of I-90 were able to begin planting early in the season, while those south generally had issues with excess rainfall, pushing planting back later than anticipated. As a result, the time at which farmers began harvesting varied across the state.

“It’s really a mixed bag where harvest is at in the state,” Freking said. “I think farmers are hopeful for a decent crop.”

South Dakota is on par with the rest of the nation, despite its dropping numbers.

The NASS forecasted the nation’s soybean production would be about 4.06 billion bushels, up slightly from 2015’s 3.93 billion bushels. The average field was forecasted to see a yield of about 48.9 bushels per acre.

For the week ending Sept. 25, 2016, the most recent report available when this story went to press, the NASS reported the state’s soybeans condition rated 3 percent very poor, 10 poor, 26 fair, 50 good, and 11 excellent.

Harvested was 11 percent, behind last year at 8 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH OCTOBER 2016

the same time’s 17 percent.

NASS reported that as of Sept. 1, there were 41.6 million bushels of soybeans stored on farms, down 16 percent from 2015, and 155 million bushels off-farm, up 10 percent from last September. The U.S. soybean disappearance during June-August totaled 675 million bushels, up 55 percent from the same period last year.

Matt Bainbridge, a farmer who has land west of Ethan, said he was hoping to yield about 40 bushels per acre, and was anticipating being below his operation’s average, but hadn’t started harvest yet at the end of September.

“Spring was so wet that we had a difficult time planting, and then June was so dry,” Bainbridge said. “We’re hoping the beans are still all right, but I guess we’ll find out when we get out there.”

A recent Bloomberg story says “Corn futures fell to a seven-week low and soybeans plunged the most in six years after the U.S. unexpectedly raised its crop forecasts, citing higher yields than anticipated.” And Bainbridge said this means farmers across the state have taken a hit because of it.

“It means a lot less income for us. Our yields will be down, and the price is way down,” Bainbridge, who farms about 2,700 acres, said. “It makes things really tight and in a lot of cases people are losing significant money this year.”

But demand is typically strong, with 60 percent of South Dakota soybeans being exported annually, Freking said. About 60 million metric tons, or 27 percent of all soybeans grown nationally, go to China.

Bainbridge said he hopes the demand is able to drive prices up.

“They’ll be enticed by lower prices and hopefully that demand will help out, but it will take a little while to get through the supply.”

Soybeans in a field west of Letcher

Gar y Blindauer, 64, of Letcher, har vests corn on Oct. 3 on Ed Blindauer’s farm east of Letcher.

SD corn yields down from 2015 nationwide production

BY JAKE SHAMA South Dakota Farm & Ranch PHOTOGRAPHY BY Jake Shama / South Dakota Farm & Ranch

L

ETCHER — On his first day of harvest, Ed Blindauer tinkered with his augur to get it ready after a dry growing season that lasted longer than usual.

“The first field of corn I planted was Mother’s Day,” Blindauer said. “We were slow getting started.”

Blindauer, 36, has been farming near Letcher since he was in high school, and his family has lived in the area for more than 100 years.

Blindauer was one of many farmers who didn’t begin harvesting corn this year until October. He said wet weather in spring caused him to be late getting the crops into the ground, and recent rains have caused problems for his neighbors trying to get them out.

The rain near Letcher was out of the ordinary.

Across South Dakota, dry conditions in the final week of September spurred fall harvest activity,

according to the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.

During a “rain-free, relatively warm week,” there were 6.7 days suitable for field work, but soybean harvest showed the most progress, the Oct. 3 report said.

In South Dakota, 9 percent of corn is considered excellent, 45 percent is good, 29 percent is fair, 13 percent is poor, and 4 percent is very poor, according to the early-October NASS report released.

Corn mature was 80 percent, ahead of 75 percent at the same time last year and higher than the five-year average of 77 percent.

As of Sunday, 12 percent of corn was harvested, which is 1 percent higher than last year but far behind the average of 20 percent harvested.

Based on Sept. 1 conditions, which was the most recent report available when this edition went to press, South Dakota’s corn crop forecast at 753 million bushels, down 6 percent from last year, according to another NASS report released Sept. 12, despite a rise in total corn acres.

Acreage to be harvested for grain is estimated at 5.3 million acres, 5 percent higher than 2015, according to the report. Yield is forecasted at 142 bushels per acre, down 17 bushels per acre from last year’s record high.

Will Walter, head of the Farm Business Management department at Mitchell Technical Institute, said corn completes its pollination and other major biological processes in July. The hot, dry weather this July in the area hindered the potential for high corn yields.

“If you can get a couple inches of rain on the Continued on page 10 OCTOBER 2016 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 9

Continued from page 9

Fourth of July, that really enhances your corn yield, and we just plain didn’t get that,” Walter said.

Reasonable amounts of rain fell in August in central South Dakota, but Walter said it provided more benefit to the soybean crop, as it came a little too late to significantly boost corn yields.

“This will be the second year in a row we’ve had reasonable rain in August in the general area, and it’s really made a decent bean crop,” Walter said. “I’ve heard some people comment that their beans might out yield the corn, and I don’t think that’s too far of an exaggeration.”

“Since corn generally yields 100 bushels per acre than soybeans, corn that yields so low may have already been cut for silage,” Walter

said.

Nationwide, corn production is forecast at 15.1 billion bushels, up 11 percent from last year, according to NASS. Based on conditions as of Sept. 1, national corn yields are expected to average 174.4 bushels per acre, up 6 bushels per acre from 2015.

“If realized, this will be the highest yield and production on record for the United States,” the report said.

The area harvested for corn is forecast at 86.6 million acres, 7 percent higher than 2015.

Soybean production is also forecasted to be at record levels at 4.2 billion bushels, with a record 60.6 bushels per acre, harvested from 83 million acres.

The majority of South Dakota

soybeans are rated good or excellent and are being harvested at the normal rate.

On Sept. 30, the price of corn in Mitchell was $2.83 per bushel, Walter said. Based on cash rent in Davison and Hanson counties, he said the average corn input cost is $540 per acre, meaning farmers need 191 bushels of corn to break even. While he said that’s possible in areas around Brookings, he would be surprised if any fields produced yields that high in the Mitchell area.

By comparison, soybeans only need 46.24 bushels per acre, which Walter believes is “quite attainable.”

Walter said many farmers may have missed on a little extra income,

as prices did rise a bit over the summer, but he said it’s best not to worry about missed opportunities or to watch the day-to-day market projections.

Blindauer said whether he breaks even on his corn fields is dependent on how many bushels he gets out of the field.

“Hopefully next year’s better.

You’re not going to hit a home run every year,” he said.

Blindauer said he intends to keep going on the same path next year.

“Just plant some beans. Plant some corn. Feed some cattle. That’s all you can do,” Blindauer said. “It’s not the easiest life, but somebody’s got to do it.”

Top: Ed Blindauer, 36, of Letcher, prepares an augur on Oct. 3 on his farm east of Letcher before corn har vest.

Left: John Blindauer, 21, of Letcher, prepares an augur on Oct. 3 on Ed Blindauer’s farm east of Letcher before corn har vest.

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B

ROOKINGS — The Department of Animal Science at South Dakota State University welcomed the public to a Grand Opening celebration for the new South Dakota State University Swine Education and Research Facility on Oct. 1.

The facility is located at 2221 Medary Ave., Brookings, north of the SDSU Animal Science complex.

“Our new Swine Education and Research Facility is designed to not only benefit students, faculty, and stakeholders, but to serve as an invaluable resource for educating the public about modern pig production,” says Dr. Joe Cassady, SDSU Animal Science Department Head. “This new facility is truly of regional significance as is evident based on the support from producers in South Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa.”

Construction of the new facility was made possible by a nearly unprecedented show of regional support and collaboration. The South Dakota Pork Producers Council, Minnesota Pork Board and Iowa Pork Producers Association all

gestation and farrowing building near campus. It includes four rooms designed to hold 300 pigs per room. Two of the rooms are equipped with small pens to facilitate nutrition research. The other two rooms are equipped with 20 pens per room which have heated and cooled concrete floors. The second wean-to-finish barn is located 12 miles south of Brookings. That barn includes 52 pens with a capacity of 25 pigs per pen.

“The number of students pursuing Animal Science degrees has more than doubled in the past 12 years,” Cassady says. “These state-ofthe-art facilities are equipped to provide students with the hands-on learning experiences that will best prepare them to pursue careers in the swine industry. Both students and employers have communicated the need for a hands-on educational experience in swine production. This project would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts and generosity of our alumni, stakeholders, and friends.”

contributed to the project, and were joined by many others from Minnesota and South Dakota.

The project also received funding support from private financial commitments made by individuals, families, organizations and businesses in South Dakota and surrounding states. An allocation of $2.03 million in state-appropriated funding was made, in addition to $1 million allocated by the South Dakota Board of Regents from the Higher Education Facilities Fund, helping to bring the project to fruition.

The facility is designed to host teaching, research, Extension and outreach activities. A 50- seat classroom, observation corridor, gestation room, farrowing rooms, boar room, physiology room, and surgery suite provide opportunities for many different types of instruction and research. “The observation corridor is a unique feature which will better enable us to educate the general public about modern pig production,” Cassady explains.

The Swine Education and Research Facility also includes two, 1,200-head wean-to-finish barns.

One of those barns is located adjacent to the

2016

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Harvest Outlook County-by-county look at harvest estimates

BY THE DAILY REPUBLIC NEWS STAFF PHOTOGRAPHY BY Matt Gade / Daily Rpublic

The following are county-by-county glances in The Daily Republic’s coverage area at this year’s expected harvest. The information is gathered through local officials in each county, giving their best estimate at bushel-per-acre forecasts in the area.

AURORA COUNTY Crop yields are better than expected in Aurora County, much to some surprise.

According to Jim Holter, manager of the Stickney grain elevator, early yields showed soybeans ranging from the upper 30s to lower 50s bushels per acre. Holter was unsure about corn yields, but reaffirmed that they, too, were better than area farmers had hoped.

Still, the outlook for harvest in the county dipped lower than 2015, Holter said, due to “very dry” weather in July, which stunted growth.

“Farmers aren’t as happy,” Holter said. “Between price being down and lower yields, it’s not as good of a year as last, but they’re doing better than they expected, so that’s something.”

Unlike some surrounding counties, Holter said Aurora County

hasn’t had a big problem with pests, such as grasshoppers invading fields, marking a silver lining for farmers.

BON HOMME Bon Homme County was home to booming wheat yields in 2016, according to one area farmer.

Frank Kloucek — who grows corn, soybeans and wheat near Scotland — said wheat yields ranged from 70 to 100 bushels per acre, which was brought on by a healthy amount of rain in May. And, Kloucek said, other major crops are projecting decent yields.

“Beans look good, look real good, and corn not too bad,” Kloucek said. “It could be anywhere from 100 to 150 (bushels per acre) on the corn and hopefully 40 and up, hopefully, on the beans.”

While the early moisture helped the wheat, Kloucek said it had some impact throughout the county’s

16 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH OCTOBER 2016

soybean and corn fields. According to Kloucek, some ground was drowned out and crops could not be planted this spring. Although the southern point of the county, in Springfield, saw a dry spring that may have had a negative impact on yields, Kloucek said.

“You know, it’s the typical South Dakota land of infinite variety,” Kloucek said. “You get it all.”

BRULE COUNTY Corn and soybean yields are better than farmers expected for 2016, said James Anderson, Buffalo-Brule counties Farm Service Agency executive director.

Early corn yields were showing anywhere between 50 and 150 bushels per acre, and beans showed about 20 to 40 bushels per acre, which Anderson said is less than 2015, but still better than what farmers expected.

“Soybeans in some spots will

be tougher than that -- some will be lucky to have 20,” Anderson said. “It’s not consistent across the county.”

The inconsistency stems from spotty rain, with heavier amounts falling early in the summer and tapering off later in the season. As a result, spring and winter wheat saw “really good” harvests, Anderson said, but it did no favors for others, noting some areas of corn never were pollinated.

The less-than-ideal harvests and depressed crop prices have taken a hit on farmers’ morale, Anderson said.

“They seem to roll with it, but it’s going to tighten their belts, no doubt about that,” Anderson said.

“They’ve got to be resilient but it’s going to be a financial issue on pretty much every crop.”

Continued on page 17

Continued from page 16

BUFFALO COUNTY In Buffalo County, officials say crop yields are lower than past years, but, like in neighboring Brule County, farmers can rest easier knowing the yields are higher than anticipated.

Some areas will be lucky to see yields of 20 bushels per acre for soybeans, according to James Anderson, Buffalo-Brule counties Farm Service Agency executive director. But, the anticipated average for beans was expected to be between 20 and 40 bushels per acre.

Corn yields were expected to vary, ranging from 50 to 150 bushels per acre, but some areas ranged as low as 0 to 80 bushels per acre, Anderson said.

“It’s one of those years that it’s field-by-field,” he said.

Additionally, farmers are dealing with pests, such as grasshoppers, that are infesting fields.

“There’s plenty of grasshoppers around and they’re bad in areas, probably mostly on the outside of corn fields,” Anderson said. “It’s definitely been a problem for the past couple of months.”

CHARLES MIX COUNTY Wheat growers won big in Charles Mix. According to Joe Schultz, Farm Service Agency district director for south-central South Dakota, wheat yields reached 80- to 100-bushels in 2016.

“The wheat actually, overall, was above average, but that harvest is long done,” Schultz said.

But wheat growers weren’t the only producers to see above average crops. According to Schultz, Charles Mix County is seeing some “pretty good beans.”

“Guys that have harvested soybeans are running from 40 to 60-something, a lot of them around 50 (bushels per acre,” Schultz said.

Corn, on the other hand, is expecting “fair to pretty good” yields this harvest, likely slightly below the typical area average of 120 to 130 bushels per acre. Schultz attributed the below average corn predictions to a July that was too dry.

“Some of the areas, the corn in July was dry and didn’t pollinate, so there was some corn that really was quite poor that got cut for silage,” Schultz said. “And yet, I’m sure there’s going to be some corn that’s quite good. So the corn’s really going to vary.”

DAVISON COUNTY Corn yields are likely to vary greatly across Davison County, and soybeans may actually produce higher yields than corn.

“I think the soybeans are going to be a pleasant surprise compared to what we would have anticipated in July,” said Will Walter, head of the farm business management department at Mitchell Technical Institute. “The rains we got in August really benefitted the soybeans much more than the corn.”

Walter expects average soybean yields to fall between 45 bushels per acre and the upper 50s across Davison County. He said 45 to 50 bushels per

acre is typically a reasonable yield for farmers to expect.

For corn, on the other hand, Walter said the average yield this year could be between 125 and 175 bushels per acre. Farmers can typically expect an average of about 140 or 150 bushels per acre.

But Walter said fields in drier parts of the county could produce much lower corn yields of about 60 bushels per acre, meaning soybean yields could outpace corn in some areas, and with low prices, there is a good chance corn farmers will not break even this year unless they have “a really bumper crop.”

Cattle, too, continues to drop in price, so calves sold this fall will be worth considerably less than in the past two years, Walter said.

DOUGLAS COUNTY Overall crop yields are on par with annual averages, according to an employee at one local grain elevator.

“I would say right now we’re looking at average, maybe just a touch better,” said Jay Sandness, operations manager at CHS Farmers Alliance in Corsica.

While yields are expected to come in at the annual bushels per acre average, Sandness said wet weather nearly slowed down area farmers in the spring. Since then, the weather has cooperated, but planting was initially set back.

“Here in the fall it’s been excellent,” Sandness said. “But starting out in the spring we were delayed because of the rain.”

Sandness didn’t have any firm predictions on yields per acre, but he said soybeans will likely approach average yields. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the average soybean yield in 2015 reached 48 bushels per acre.

GREGORY COUNTY After a few “really critical rains,” Gregory County is sitting in pretty good shape for their crop harvest this year.

According to Mary Jane West, the executive director for the Gregory County Farm Service Agency, the county is looking at a standard year as far as crop yields go. West estimates corn will come in at about 150 to 175 bushels per acre. While soybeans will pull about 45 bushels per acre.

According to West, these numbers are pretty standard for Gregory County, and similar to last year’s harvest.

“We had really good moisture this spring and we’ve been pretty fortunate, we picked up a couple good rains,” West said.

Weather has been good in Gregory County, West said, and very few areas are as dry as they typically are.

This has led fewer farmers to cut corn for silage, instead of selling as grain.

West said surrounding counties are in similar situations as far as harvest goes, pointing out that most of the state had a good year.

Continued on page 19

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HANSON COUNTY For Hanson County, the harvest yields are “quite a wide range.”

According to Owen Anderson, the executive director for both Hanson and Davison Farm Service Agency, yields were lower this year due to droughts.

Anderson estimates that corn will range anywhere from 0 to 220 bushels per acre, while soybeans will be in the 30 to 65 range.

Wheat, another large crop in the area, will range from 80 to 120 bushels per acre, Anderson said.

Weather had a large impact on the crops this year, as the season started out wet, delaying planting, Anderson said. This was followed by an extended period of dry weather.

“It kind of made it tough going for the crops,” he said.

But some much-needed rains in August and September helped the soybean crop, Anderson said. But it was a little too late for the corn.

Near the beginning of the season, Anderson recalls a minor hail storm that damaged a small area north of Alexandria. But few farmers were impacted by this storm.

HUTCHINSON COUNTY Soybeans yield projections are coming in strong in Hutchinson County, but corn yields are expected to vary.

According to Tyronne Bialas, grain manager at Dakota Plains Ag Center in Parkston, soybean yields are bountiful, reaching 50 to 60 bushels per acre, about 10 bushels better

than average. But corn yields will differ from town to town.

“It’s all over the place,” Bialas said. “Some guys are going to see tremendous corn, 200 bushels south of us, and then you go northwest of us probably 40 miles and there’s going to be some 60 bushel corn. It’s just going to be all over the place.”

But considering a moisture-heavy spring and a warm and dry summer, Bialas said most farmers are satisfied with their yield projections.

Donna Webb, county executive director for the Farm Service Agency in Hutchinson County, agreed with Bialas, saying 2016 has been a “mixed bag” for area farmers.

A strip of hail rolled through the southeast corner of the county in mid-September, which may have impacted the soybean yields, but the damage missed the northern parts of the county altogether.

The hail’s impact on corn is unknown at this point.

“Hopefully the corn was along far enough that it didn’t get damaged too bad,” Webb said.

Overall, the county yields for all crops are looking good, but yields aren’t the major concern for South Dakota farmers.

“Where the concerns lie is that the price has been continually dropping, so no matter what they get, you know the margin’s going to be pretty slim,” Webb said.

JERAULD COUNTY Timing made all of the difference for Jerauld County producers,

according to one area farmer.

Jeff Berg said corn yields “are all over the place,” ranging from approximately 50 to 150 bushels per acre, with beans coming in lower at 40-60 bushels per acre.

Crops planted earlier in the season seem to be faring better than those planted in the later months, Berg said. According to Berg, while there was a lot of rain early on, there was less as the season progressed, making it difficult for crops to remain sustainable for a long period.

Berg said even fields right across the road from each other can vary significantly in how their yields turn out.

“Farmers are happy with the yields, but disappointed in the prices of crops and livestock,” Berg said. “It’s a tough year for everybody.”

JONES COUNTY Harvest is “looking really good” in Jones County.

According to David Klingberg, with the Jones County Farm Service Agency, harvest yields for soybeans and corn are looking good thanks to additional moisture towards the end of summer.

“Things are looking good out there, same as rest of the state,” Klingberg said. “We had some good rains in August when it really counts.

I see that to be pretty good for our county.”

Klingberg said the county should average 150 bushels per acre for corn this year, while soybeans are going to be higher than average.

There is not a lot of soybean farmers in the county, Klingberg said, but more and more are “getting into it.” Klingberg estimates soybeans will pull in at 40 bushels per acre this year, which is higher than the average of mid-20s to 30 bushels per acre.

The soybean crop was impacted from some fortunate weather, Klingberg said. The summer started off a little drier, he said, but then some “good rains hit” giving the crops much needed moisture.

“We’ve had ideal conditions for growing,” he said.

As for pests, Klingberg said the year has been about the same as usual, with a little bit of grasshopper pressure in the beginning of the season. There were also some struggles with blackbirds near the sunflower fields, Klingberg said, but that has since let off.

LYMAN COUNTY The harvest yields in Lyman County are “all over the board.”

“What happened here is we had some very dry areas and some areas that received timely rain,” said Don McManus, the executive director at the Lyman County Service Agency.

McManus said there was some early corn, but not a lot. McManus estimates corn will be about 70-80 bushels per acre, while soybeans should be around 25-30 bushels per acre.

The large county had seen a large impact from the heat, McManus said.

In the county’s southeast corner, he Continued on page 21

OCTOBER 2016 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 19

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said a lot of the crops were hurt due to drought conditions.

But other areas saw crucial and timely rains to help the yields.

“Some people were luckier than others,” McManus said.

The milo harvest is looking good in the county, McManus said with 90100 bushels per acre.

In the early part of the season, McManus said grasshoppers were an issue for some farmers, but it didn’t last long when they began to spray for the pests.

McManus said both corn and beans are going to be below average for the county this year. And even though crop prices have fluctuated all summer long, McManus said Lyman County farmers are staying positive.

“I think they’re optimistic, but their yields are good or above average probably,” McManus said. “But probably not good enough to offset the lower prices. They’re very worried about income. The big concern with all of them is that it’s not going to be a very profitable year.”

MCCOOK COUNTY A wet spring and a bout of hail could cause yields to vary greatly across McCook County.

Leah Turgeon, county executive director for the Farm Service Agency in McCook County, said conditions were wet throughout the county during the spring, leading many farmers to replant crops.

After replanting, farmers in the southwestern portion of the county, near Bridgewater, saw hail come through and damage crops, causing

even more problems.

“They kind of got a double whammy. They were really wet in the spring and then they had a strip of hail go through,” Turgeon said.

Still, Turgeon said farmers can expect about 175 bushels per acre on average for corn yields, though they could be lower in the south. For soybeans, Turgeon said farmers are expecting about 50 bushels per acre on average.

Turgeon said the county has experienced some problems with aphids this year, but she said the pests haven’t caused a significant impact.

While many farmers could see good yields, Turgeon said the mood in the county is “pretty depressing” given low prices.

“They’re a little bit down about that whole situation, and rightly so,” Turgeon said. “A little dissatisfied with the market prices, that’s for sure.”

MINER COUNTY Differences in rainfall may cause significant differences in yields in Miner County.

According to Mike Schulz, FSA committee chairman for Miner County, the northern half of the county received more rainfall than the southern half, meaning projected corn yields can vary from about 100 bushels per acre in the south to up to 170 bushels per acre in the northwest.

Although average yields and rainfall across the county is about the same as last year, low prices have morale among farmers low in the county,

Schulz said.

“They’re kind of grim. It’s a sad situation,” Schulz said.

Soybeans, on the other hand, are expected to yield better than expected with about 45 or 50 bushels per acre, which is about what fields yielded last year.

Although summer was fairly dry overall, Schulz said the crops matured as expected and were ready to be harvested in early October.

“The crops are right on time,” Schulz said.

SANBORN COUNTY Harvest started late in Sanborn County as heavy rain hit late in the season, with areas around Letcher receiving up to 9 inches in early September, according to Kathleen Torres, FSA County Executive Director for Sanborn County.

“It was real dry there for a while, and it seems like in September it got started pretty good moisture-wise.

That pushes them back a little bit,” Torres said.

But because of heavier rains in the southern half of the county, Torres said yields in that area may be higher than those in the northwest.

Torres said corn yields are expected to come in between 170 and 180 bushels per acre. Farmers have hardly touched soybeans in the county with concerns they are still too green, but Torres expects those yields to be above average.

Torres also said farmers across Sanborn County have seen many grasshoppers and corn borers, but the pests haven’t caused too much

of an impact.

The mood among farmers in the county is generally positive, Torres said, though higher prices would make them feel even better.

“The prices are going down.

Especially when their yields are nice, that’s kind of a depression for them, but overall, they’re feeling good,” Torres said.

TRIPP COUNTY Harvest is in full swing in Tripp County, and according to Margie Wiley, with the Tripp County Farm Service Agency, this year was looking “pretty good.”

What started out as a wet season, became very dry in June and July, Wiley said.

“We had some producers that suffered quite a bit of loss because of the drought,” Wiley said.

The very northern part of Tripp County had some corn damage, Wiley said, but after some rains toward the end of the summer, some of the crop was saved.

For Tripp County, Wiley estimated that corn will come in at 85 to 100 bushels per acre, while soybeans will be around 40 to 45 bushels per acre.

The county also has a lot of milo crop, which should pull 80-100 bushels this year.

“I think everything is looking pretty good,” she said. “Probably the most extreme thing was the dry conditions in June and July. ... But we’ve gotten pretty good rain ever since.”

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ROOKINGS — Dry conditions this summer have encouraged some producers to wean their calves earlier than the typical six to seven months. As long as feed rations are managed correctly, research has shown that these calves can perform as well or better than calves still nursing explained, Julie Walker, Associate Professor & SDSU Extension Beef Specialist.

“Pasture quality has a key influence on performance of nursing calves.

However, under “normal” conditions daily gain of nursing calves during the period is usually 2.1 to 2.3 pounds. Whereas early-weaned calves on well balanced starter diets can gain as much as 3.5 to 5.3 pounds per day,” Walker said.

Below Walker outlines some tips to achieving early-weaning success.

STARTER DIETS “Hitting the desired performance/growth from weaned calves depends on getting them up on dry feed as quickly as possible,” she said. “Lower dry matter intake is typically found for the first three to 14 days following weaning. During this receiving period, dry matter intake will range from 1 to 1.5 percent of body weight. (For example, a 350-pounds calf would consume 3.5 to 5.3 pounds per day.)”

Hence, Walker explained, high-quality feed ingredients are needed to develop a starter diet that is energy-dense (approximately 70 percent total digestible nutrients (TDN)), includes 14-16 percent high crude protein and very palatable (see Table 1).

STARTER RATIONS Table 2 provides a couple of examples of starter rations for early weaned calves.

“Remember to develop a ration that fits your feedstuffs resources and delivery equipment,” Walker said.

She recommends similar particle size of the ingredients to reduce sorting of the diet components. “Controlling dust of the diet promotes better intakes.

Rations need to have some level of forage which allows for proper rumen health,” Walker said.

OTHER FEEDSTUFFS Some feedstuffs that are missing from the starter rations are silage and distillers grains.

However, Walker said that calves previously exposed to silage and other fermented feed could have these ingredients included in the ration.

“Introduction to these feeds to inexperienced calves should be gradual and occur after they are at an acceptable intake level,” Walker explained. “Silages and distillers byproducts are nutritious feeds, but incorporation of these feed ingredients to the starter diets should be limited.”

In light-weight calves rumen capacity is limited (less than 400 pounds), as a result silages and high moisture feeds should be restricted to maintain an intake.

Walker said the inclusion of long hay is often debated. “One side of this debate is that if long hay is available calves will eat not enough of the concentrate portion of the diet. The other side contends that long hay is alike to their previous pasture diet, which promotes dry matter intake,” she explained.

“However, calves will consume long hay before the unknown concentrate mixture. Success with long hay depends on how it is incorporated.”

Walker added that top dressing the concentrate over the long hay can work well.

“However, feeding hay in bale rings too often results in calves eating excess hay and inconsistent amounts of concentrate, resulting in poorer efficiencies,” she said.

OCTOBER 2016 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 23

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