Велес

Page 1

š£Â?Š¢¼ Â›Â˜

Â?¤Ă?ÇÓĂ?Ă„Ă‚ ÂŹĂ?ĂŠĂ…Ă‚Â? Â‘ÂŽÂ˜Â‹Â–Â†Â˜Â™Â–Â“ÂĄÂ? •‹–‹ˆ”Š ‹‹ ˜‹Â?—˜”ˆ ¡ ¾œŽ²½Œ³ŽĂ…²Ž

i“BŠœ�… k ## k

D q_fm gZf ihfgblv ^j_\gb_ ^h[e_klgu_ \j_f_gZ b^y dm^Z Âą g_\_klv : lZd \hl kfhljbf \kiylv b ]h\hjbf qlh \hl klu^bfky fu GZ\bÂąIjZ\bÂąY\b agZlv b \kz \hdjm] \_^Zlv b ihgbfZlv <hl >Z`^v[h] khl\hjbe gZf lh b wlh Âą \kz qlh kms_kl\m_l K\_l a\_a^ kby_l gZf b \ [_a^g_ lhc >Z`^v[h] ih^\_kbe A_fex gZrm qlh[u hgZ m^_j`b\Z_fZ lZd [ueZ <hl ^mrb IjZsmjh\ b k\_lyl hgb gZf a\_a^Zfb ba BjZ ÂŤ Gh =j_db gZiZeb gZ Jmkv b kd\_jgh_ l\hjyl hl bf_gb [h]h\ : gZf lh b g_\_^h fh fm`Zf dm^Z [_`Zlv b ^_eZlv qlh

WlZ njZaZ ihfh]Z_l ihgylv gZf qlh l_dklu <e_kdgb]b gZklZ\bl_evgh]h oZjZdl_jZ ihmqZy gZ ijbf_jZo ba ^j_\ ghklb ^Z\Zy ijbf_ju ]_jhckl\Z ihklhyggh ih^q_jdb\Zxl qlh kbeZ Jmkh\ ebrv \ _^bg_gbb qlh ebrv lZd ;h]b fh]ml hdZaZlv ihfhsv Ljb khkl qZklb fbjZ Y\v Âą Âły\gh_´ Âą Ijhy\e_ggh_ Nbabq_kdh_ lh qlh a^_kv Âłwlhl k\_l´ GZ\v Âą G_ Y\v G_ijhy\e_ggh_ Lhgdbc fbj Âłlhl k\_l´ IjZ\v Âą IjZ\ys__ MijZ\eyxs__ DZmaZevguc H]g_gguc fbj L _ h]jZgbqb\Zy k\h_ ihagZgb_ g_ihkj_^kl\_gguf hdjm`_gb_f b fZl_jbZevgufb aZ[hlZfb <\h^gh_ \ujZ`_gb_ ɽ šĂ† beb ɽ šĂ† ÊÆ [md\ Âł\hl \_^v´ beb Âł\hl \_^v lh lZd´ k dhlhjh]h \h <e_kdgb]_ \ lhf beb bghf \ZjbZgl_ gZqbgZxlky qmlv g_ iheh\bgZ \k_o njZa A^_kv i_j_\h^blky Âł\hl´ Âł\hl \_^v´ Âłk_´ ;h] L\hj_p Jmku Âą >Z`^v[h`b >Z`^v[h]h\u \gmdb Bf_gZ ^Zgu \ kh\j_f_gghc h]eZkh\d_ kf l` ŠKeh\Zjv bf_g b l_jfbgh\ <e_kdgb]bÂŞ ^Ze__ Âą Keh\Zjv ;md\ Âł^j_\gbo ij_^dh\ ]_jh_\´ < ih^h[guo kemqZyo kf l` Keh\Zjv Bjbc Bj_c Bj Âą JZc ÂłJZc´ dZd fu \b^bf ba l_dklh\ <e_kdgb]b lh`_ g_ bkdexqbl_evgh ojbklbZgkdh_ keh\h Kj kZgkdj U2 UDL [h]Zlkl\h Fgh]hlhqbyfb \ l_dkl_ i_j_\h^Z h[hagZq_gu ijhimkdb b g_qblZ_fu_ f_klZ \ bkoh^ghf l_dkl_


G_\b^bfh `_ IjZ\v mkljh_gZ >Z`^v[h]hf : \ke_^ aZ g_c Âą dZd wlZ \hl \hcgZ Âą Y\v ^\b`_lky b lZ l\hjbl `bagv gZrm Dh]^Z lZ hlhc^_l Âą lh kf_jlv Y\v ^\b`bfZ b l\hjbfZ IjZ\vx GZ\v `_ Âą ihke_ g__ GZ\v Âą ^h g__ b ihke_ Âą GZ\v : \ IjZ\b ` km s_kl\m_l Y\v Ihemqbeb fu ihmq_gby h ^j_\g_f Âą b ^mrZfb \\_j]g_fky \ g_]h <hl hgh \_^v gZr_ ihlhfm dZd kfhljb Âą ^jm]h_ m` b^_l <hl \kz qlh \hdjm] gZk kbem l\hjbl ;h]Zf <hl ajbf \ k_[_ fu wlh hgh ^Zgh \_^v gZf dZd ^Zj ;h]h\ b gZ ihlj_[m Bf <_^v \hl gZijZkgu l_ÂŤ <hl ^mrb gZrbo IjZsmjh\ ba Bjby ]ey^yl gZ gZk B @Zey ieZq_l lZf h \hbgZo b ]h\hjbl qlh ij_g_[j_]Z_f fu IjZ\vxÂąGZ\vxÂąY\vxÂŤ Ij_g_[j_]Z_f \_^v fu wlbf b bklbgguf ]gmrZ_fky ÂŤ ;ulv \gmdZfb >Z`^v[h`bfb fu g_^hklhcgu ÂŤ >Z fhebf fu ;h]h\ qlh[ qbklufb m gZk b ^mrb [ueb b l_eZ b qlh[u ihemqblv gZf `bagv kh IjZhlpZfb \h ;h]Zo \ IjZ\^m keb\rbkv \h _^bgmx >Z`^v[h`b \gmdb [m^_f lZd Ajb jmkkdbc mf gZkdhev \_ebd Mf ;h`_kdbc ?^bg Hg k gZfb b jZ^b lh]h ^_c kl\mcl_ b k ;h]Zfb h[jys_l_kv \u \h_^bghÂŤ ;j_ggZ \_^v gZrZ `bagv Âą b gZf gZ^e_ `bl dZd b dhgyf gZrbf jZ[hlZlv `b\y k l_eylZfb h\pZfb b gZrbf kdhlhf \ a_feyo gZrbo hl \jZ]h\ kiZkZykv gZ ÂŤ k_\_j ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

G_ lhl fm` ijZ\_^_g dlh oh^bl \ fh\gbpm b h dhlhjhf ]h\hjyl qlh ohq_l ijZ \_^guf hg [ulv gh lhl dhlhjh]h kh\iZ^Zxl iheghklvx  ^_ygvy b keh\Z  Ihlhfm b ]h\hjblky k ^j_\ghklb _s_ qlh[ fu l\hjbeb ^h[jh_ dZd b ^_^u gZrb ]h\hjbeb lZd h lhf b [m^m LZd`_ b \h \j_f_gZ A_e_ghkeZ\h\u Jmkv ihjm[ZgZ [ueZ jmdhx \jZ`_kdhc b aeh ^_ygby l\hjbebkv B dgyav lhl g_a^hjh\ [ue b ihkeZe kugh\ k\hbo \ kjZ`_gv_ Z hgb \jZ]Zf b ih^^Zebky <_qZ g_ ihkemrZ\ b qlh <_q_f kdZaZgh g_ kh[exeb Ihlhfm [ueb hgb jZa[blu b \ jZ[kl\h \aylu : lZd eb ]h\hjbf k_]h^gy" ¹ ³Dgyavy \u gZrb b ihlhfm \Zf g_ gZ^h[gh  ihclb gZ ihe^_gv qlh[u a_fey [ueZ  gZf lh b ^_lyf gZrbf´ : lZf b =j_db gZ gZk gZiZeb `_eZy ihk_eblvky gZ gZrbo a_feyo B k_qZ [ueZ \_ ebdZy b fgh]h f_kyp_\

< ^Zgghf i_j_\h^_ gZa\Zgby gZjh^h\ lZd dZd wlh bf_gZ ibrmlky k aZ]eZ\ghc [md\u ¹ dZd ^h ihke_^g_c j_nhjfu ijZ\hibkZgby Keh\h ³\Zjy]b´ ibr_lky k fZehc [md\u ihkdhevdm wlh gZa\Zgb_ ijhn_kkbb [md\ ³hojZggbdb´ kj_^b dhlhjuo [u\Zeb ij_^klZ\bl_eb kZfuo jZaebqguo gZjh^h\ L _ k\hbo [h]h\ ]j_q_kdbo < hlebqb_ hl GZ\b dhlhjZy [u\Z_l bgh]^Z \b^bfZ Z bgh]^Z b kms_kl\Z ³k lh]h k\_lZ´ ¹ gZ\vb gZ\bb ihy\eyxlky ijhy\eyxlky \ Y\b gZy\m IjZ\v gZf g_\b^bfZ b ih [hevr_c qZklb g_\_^hfZ L _ IjZ\v L _ IjZ\v L _ Y\b L _ ³lZd lj_[m_lky Bf´ @Zey ¹ [md\ `Ze_xsZy ieZdZevsbpZ ;h`_kl\h k�¤ ŠKeh\Z h ihedm B]hj_\_ª L _ ij_g_[j_]Zy l_f dZd bklbgguf ihjy^dhf `bagb h[jZsZy \gbfZgb_ ebrv gZ dZ`ms__ky qlh b \gmrZxl gZf \jZ]b dhlhju_ \jZ]b b gZrbf ;h]Zf L _ ³g_^hklhcgu \ lZdhf kemqZ_´ L _ ³\ fbj_ ;h]h\´ L _ jZ^b _^bg_gby k\h_]h k ;h`_kdbf Mfhf L _ g_ ijh^eblky ^he]h ¹ dZd ]h\hjbl gZjh^gZy fm^jhklv ³@bagv dhjhldZ lZd qlh ihl_jibl_ g_fgh]h ´ Oh^blv \ fh\gbpm hfh\_gby kh\_jrZlv ¹ aZih\_^Zggu_ ^_ckl\by ^ey l_e_kgh]h hqbs_gby qlh[u ihlhf b mf fh`gh [ueh hqbklblv b qbklufb fheblvky


Klh jZa Jmkv gZqbgZeZkv b klh jZa [ueZ jZa[blZ Hl ihemghqb b ^h ihem^_gy ÂŤ lZd kdhl \_eb IjZhlpu gZrb b [ueb Hjb_f Hlphf \ djZc Jmkkdbc ijb\_^_gu qlh[u lZf ij_[ulv B gZ kljZ^Zgvy fgh]b_ g_ h[jZsZeb \gbfZgby b jZgu b oheh^Z <hl lZd ^hreb ^hkx^Z b lZd ihk_ebebkv h]gbsZg_ gZ Jmkkdhc a_fe_ Kemqbehkv wlh ^h \j_f_gb ^h gug_rg_]h aZ ^\_ lvfu : ihke_ l_o ^\mo l_f_c \Zjy]b ijbrebÂŤ b a_fex m OZaZj m dhlhjuo fu [ueb \ dZ[Ze_ aZ[jZeb \ jmdb k\hb GZjh^ [ue jh^kl\_gguc Bevf_jkdbc klh ba ^\mokhl dhjg_c GZjh^ gZr b ih k_ebeky kj_^b Bevf_jp_\ ihlhfm dZd \ a_fex Jmkkdmx ijbr_e hg iha`_ : hgb \_^v [jZlvy gZrb b gZ gZk ÂŤ ihoh`b DZd jZaebqZlv _s_ \_^v gZk hgb ojZgbeb hl aehdha g_gguo <_q_ [ueh m gbo <hl qlh \ukdZaZgh [ueh ÂŤ gZ <_q_ lZd b [ueh ?keb qlh g_ \ukdZaZgh [ueh lh]h b [ulv g_ ^he`gh ÂŤ Hl ihex^vy d ihex^vx ba[bjZeb hgb dgy a_c ^Z lZd b `beb fu `_ bf ihfhsv hdZau\Zeb B lZd fu ljZ\u agZeb dZd \ hqZ]Zo khkm^u h[h``_ggu_ l\hjblv hgb `_ [ueb ]hgqZjZfb ohjhrbfb dZd kdhl \h^blv b a_fex iZoZlv Âą \kz ihgbfZebÂŤ LZdh\u `_ [ueb b gZrb Hlpu Jh^ aehc ijbr_e gZ gZk gZiZe b ihlhfm

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

ijbrehkv gZf m[_`Zlv \ e_kZ b `blv lZf hohlgbdZfb b ju[ZdZfb qlh[u kfh]eb fu [_^kl\bc ba[_`Zlv B lZd fu `beb lvfm h^gm b klZeb klZ\blv ]hjh^Z h]gbsZ ih \kx^m jZkdeZ^u\Zlv : ihke_ lvfu ^jm]hc [ue oheh^ \_ebdbc b ihlygmebkv fu gZ ihe^_gv lZf f_klZ \_^v aeZqgu_ gZ x]_ÂŤ : lZf Jhf_b l_ kdhl gZr [jZeb ih p_g_ h dhlhjhc m]h\hjbfky qlh[ keh\h gZf ^_j`Zlv B ihlygmebkv fu d ihem^_gghfm ÂŤ a_e_ ghljZ\vx b [ueh fgh`_kl\h kdhlZ m gZk ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

<e_kZ fhebf fu gZr_]h HlpZ qlh[ ^\bgmeky ih g_[m Dhggbd KmjZ`bc b qlh[ \ahr_e gZ^ gZfb Kmjv_ kdZaZlv dhe_kZ ahehlu_ \jZsZlv <_^v wlh Khegp_ gZr_ qlh k\_lbl gZ gZrb ^hfZ b i_j_^ ebdhf ?]h [e_^g__l ebd h]gbs ^hfZrgbo

L _ hl k_\_jZ ^h x]Z Bfy HlpZ Hjby :jby ihy\ey_lky \h <e_kdgb]_ \ nhjfZo Hjbc Hj_c :jbc Bj_c Ohj_c L _ gZoh^blvky `blv L _ \ lh \j_fy dZd reb k Hlphf Hjb_f DZd iha`_ \h <e_kdgb]_ h[tykgy_lky h]gbsZg_ Âą wlh l_ m dhlhjuo _klv h]gbs_ hqZ] beb yfZ \ a_fe_ ^ey `_jl \hijbghr_gbc ;h]Zf e_l e_l <hafh`gh bf__lky \ \b^m qlh iheh\bgZ ba k_f_c dhjg_c [ueb bevf_jkdh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby L _ Jmkkdbc gZjh^ Ijh^he`_gb_ gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ L _ ba kl_ib gZ k_\_j L _ e_l M Jmkh\ \kydbc hqZ] [ue hqZ]hf k\ys_gguf L _ e_l <hafh`gh Jbfeyg_ l d =j_db gZau\Z_fu_ iha`_ Jhf_yfb gZau\Zxlky \h <e_kdgb]_ =j_dZfb b WeebgZfb <e_k <_e_k iha`_ <hehk b K\ <eZkbc ;h] ^Z\rbc ibkvf_gghklv gZmqb\rbc iZoZlv b k_ylv ihdjh\bl_ev kdhlZ qlh [ueh \ ^j_\ghklb ]eZ\guf [h]Zlkl\hf Âł;h] _klv ?^bg b Fgh`_kl\_g´ ]h\hjblky \h <e_kdgb]_ ihlhfm b <e_k Âą h^bg ba Zki_dlh\ ?^bgh]h HlpZ ÂłKheg_qguc <kZ^gbd <_klgbd´ hl Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ ÂłKmjvy´ Âą Khegp_ Ihwlbq_kdh_ bghkdZaZgb_ hibku\Zxs__ djm]h\h_ ^\b`_gb_ KhegpZ ih g_[hk\h^m <hafh`gh kZgkdjblkdh_ keh\h Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ ÂłKmjvy´ [ueh m`_ g_kdhevdh ZjoZbqguf b ijboh^behkv m`_ h[tykgylv qlh wlh Âą lh `_ qlh jmkkdh_ ÉËŽ ÉËÅÔν ÂłKhegp_´


H]hgvdm k_fm K_fmj]e_ ;h]m ]h\hjbf fu ihy\blvky b h[ty\blvky \ g_[_ b ijb gylvky aZ ^_eh k\h_ ^h kZfh]h ^h kbg_]h ^h k\_lZ  gZau\Z_f ?fm bfy ?]h ³H]g_[h`_ ´ b b^_f ljm^blvky dZd b \kydbc ^_gv hfh\_gvy l_em khl\hjy _^bf b \ ihey b^_f ljm^blvky gZrb dZd ;h]b \kydhfm \_e_eb fm`m dlh kihkh[_g ljm^blvky jZ ^b oe_[Z k\h_]h >Z`^v[h]h\u \u \gmdb ex[bfpu ;h`vb b ;h`b_ hjZeh \u lZd \ ^_kgbp_ ^_j `bl_ KeZ\m \hkih_f Ij_djZkghfm b ^h \_q_jZ ^mfZ_f fu lZdh\h b iylbdjZlgh ;h ]h\ fu keZ\bf \ ^_gv Iv_f kmjbpm \ agZd [eZ]hklb b h[sghklb k ;h]Zfb Dhlhju_ \h K\Zj]_ kmlv lZd `_ ivxl aZ kqZklv_ gZr_ <hkih_f Kheg_qghfm keZ\m b ahehlhc KmjZ`bc dhgv ihkdZq_l \ g_[_ >hfhc b^_f fu ihljm^b\rbkv h]hgv fu lZf l\hjbf b ibsm gZrm _^bf B ]h\hjbf ex[h\v d gZf ;h`vy dZdh\Z b hloh^bf dh kgm BlZd ijhr_e \_^v ^_gv b l_f_gv gZklZ_l LZd`_ ^Z_f ^_kylmx fu qZklv gZrbf HlpZf b khlmx ¹ \eZklyf  B lZd b ij_ [u\Z_f keZ\gufb ihkdhevdm keZ\bf fu ;h]h\ b fhebfky k l_eZfb hfulufb \h^hx qbklhx

i“BŠœ�… [ k

<_^v djh\v \u _klv \hl wlZ gZrZ djh\v Ijh wlh ]h\hjblky ihlhfm dZd ba[bjZeb gZrb klZjpu dgya_c b mijZ\eyebkv lZd q_j_a <_qZ iylgZ^pZlv \_dh\ ÂŤ b kh[bjZyky gZ gbo qlh[u km^blv h \kydhf hldehg_gvb ih ÂŤ ]eZ\gh_ ÂŤ ÂŤ b mijZ\eyebkv gZrb lZd Hlpu ÂŤ \kydbfb b keh\h kdZaZlv ÂŤ B [eZ]h wlh lh fu ihl_jyeb ba aZ OZaZj ÂŤ dh]^Z Ljhygh\ \_d fbgme dhlhjuc ÂŤ ÂŤ \ i_j\uc jZa b \hij_db lhfm qlh \ukdZaZgh <_ q_f k ^jm]bfb gZkZ^be \gmdh\ k\hbo ÂŤ ;hjmku g_ bf_eb kh\_lZ \eZklb <_qZ \hij_db ÂŤ OZaZju `_ gZ gbo ihreb b g_ [ueh \hbgh\ m l_o ÂŤ Iylvkhl \_^v e_l [ue lhl jZa^hj b g_ kdhjh k gbf ihdhgqbeb b klhbe gZf hg yjfZ oZaZjkdh]h ÂŤ <_^v ihdm^Z ;hjmku [bebkv \jZ]b gZ gbo gZiZeb fgh]b_ ÂŤ : \gmd Ljhygh\ [ue h^bg Âą k ^jmavyfb fgh]bfb Âą b [ue m[bl ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

K_fZj]e Âą ^jm]h_ bfy wibl_l ;h]Z h]gy :]gb qZklh \uklmiZxs_]h dZd Khegp_ l _ nZd lbq_kdb _s_ h^bg wibl_l KhegpZ L _ ^h jZkk\_lguo kmf_j_d L _ h[jZsZ_fky d g_fm ih bf_gb ÂłH]g_[h`_ ´ Âł:]gb ;h`_´ L _ iem] L _ ÂłKheg_qghfm´ Âą Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ¸žĂ– ijbly`Zl hl Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ Khegp_ ÂłKmjZ`bc´ Âą dZd b ÂłOhjhrbc´ Ohjhkbc Âą bf_y kfuke Âłkheg_qguc´ ba^Z\gh hagZqZeh Âłij_djZkguc´ Âł[eZ]hc´ KmjZ kmjbpZ kmjbgZ ijbly`Zl nhjfZ hl Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ l` d\ZkmjZ Âą Zedh]hevguc jblmZevguc gZiblhd < g_[_kghf ijhkljZgkl\_ ÂłgZ g_[_´ =eZ]he k\yadZ gZkl \j e fg q khhl\_lkl\m_l kh\j Zg]e DUH g_f VLQG ihevkd l _ y\eyxlky bf_xlky gZoh ^ylky ij_[u\Zxl Ijbly`Zl hl Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ l _ Âłkheg_qguc´ ÂłijbgZ^e_`Zsbc Khegpm Kmjv_´ L _ Âłb ^Z\Zeb b ^Z_f b [m^_f ^Z\Zlv´ Âą hkh[Zy ]eZ]hevgZy nhjfZ rbjhdh mihlj_[ey_fZy \h <e_kdgb]_ L _ l_f dlh gZfb mijZ\ey_l hl ]eZ]heZ ÂşĂƒ¸ŸĂ“Ă‘½ĂŠ½ \eZ^_lv mijZ\eylv L _ Ljhyg A^_kv \b^bfh \k_ lZdb g_ h jbfkdhf bfi_jZlhj_ LjZyg_ ]h\hjblky L _ dZd wlh m ^jm]bo ^_eZehkv g_ m Jmkh\ eb[h dlh lh ^jm]hc _fm \ wlhf ihfh] Dlh lZdb_ ;hjmku mihfbgZ_fu_ \h <e_kdgb]_" Ihke_^gbc l_dkl <e_kdgb]b >hs_qdZ [ gZibkZg hl bf_gb [hjm kh\ QZklbqgh wlh iha^g_crb_ ;_ehjmku Âą bfy baf_gbehkv dh]^Z agZq_gb_ klZjh]h bf_gb Âł;hjmku´ aZ[uehkv L _ \hij_db lhfm qlh j_r_gh <_q_f A^_kv ]h\hjblky ÂłgZf´ ij_`^_ Âą Âłbf´ lZdbf h[jZahf \hafh`gh Z\lhj ^Zggh]h l_dklZ hlh`^_kl\ey_l k_[y lml k ;hjmkZfb eb[h ijbgZ^e_`bl d gbf L _ ba aZ lh]h jZa^hjZ OZaZjZf m^Zehkv aZdZ[Zeblv ;hjmkh\ L _ ^jma_c [ueh fgh]h Z hdZaZeky h^bg

Ă‰Ă”Ă„Ă‹ĂˆĂ”ÂťĂƒĂ• É½Ă„¸ĂˆĂ”ÂťĂƒĂ“

V


< `bagb ljm^ghc \j_f_gZ ÂŤ b [ue lh \h kl_iyo [heyjbg Kdhl_gvÂŤ Hg lh g_ ih^^Zeky OZaZjZf ;ue hg BjZgp_f ÂŤ b m BjZgp_\ ihfhsb ijhkbe B hgb ÂŤ dhggbpm ihkeZeb b [beb OZaZj H lhf kdZaZgu b keh\Z ^jm]b_ ihlhfm dZd \aye hg Jmkbq_c qlh hklZ\Zebkv ih^ OZaZjZfb ÂŤ : dlh ` ^h[jZeky ^h Db_\kdh]h ]jZ^Z Âą lZf b ihk_ebeky ÂŤ : Jmkbqb qlh g_ `_eZeb ih^ OZaZjZfb hklZlvky d Kdhl_gx ihreb B lZd kdblZeZkv Jmkv \ hdjm]_ ÂŤ BjZgpu \k_fb aehmfure_gbyfb ij_g_[j_]eb b gZrbo \ dZ[Zem g_ [jZeb b JmkZf lZd `bagv jmkkdmx hklZ\beb ÂŤ : OZaZju [jZeb gZ k\hx jZ[hlm \ dZ[Zem b `_gsbg b ^_l_c Kd\_jgh [ueh b \_kvfZ ÂŤ om^h_ l\hjbeb ÂŤ Bf_ggh lh]^Z hdheh Kdhl_gy =hlu ]jZ[bl_evkdb gZ Jmkv gZiZeb B hg \hhjm`be ky b gZrb ijZsmju ^\bgmebkv gZ gbo < lh \j_fy dhggbpZ BjZgp_\ m^ZjbeZ b =hlh\ jZa[beZ JZa[blu [ueb =hlu b [_`Zeb k iheyÂŤ Lh djh\v \_^v jmkkdZy ebeZkv ÂŤ b djZkghx a_fey [ueZ ÂŤ Fhegb_ghkgufb m^ZjZfb jZa[beb Jmku a_fex ]hlkdmx b f_qZ fb mgbqlh`beb \kydh]h b a_fex bo \ayeb k_[_ b d k\h_fm ijbreb ÂŤ : lml OZaZju aZo\Zlbeb gZk ihkdhevdm <_q_ m gZk ijhiZeh b gZiZeb gZ gZk ÂŤ B \ [hc dZd ev\u e_l_eb Jmkbqb b ]h\hjbeb ÂłIjhiZ^_f fu dZd I_jmg h gZk g_ ihaZ[h lblky´ B Hg ihfh] B =hlh\ ihjZabeb i_j\__ `_ Âą OZaZju gZ_ebkv ijZom ÂŤ [ueb i_j\ufb jZa[b lu B \hl Jmkv g_ klZeZ bo ljh]Zlv ihdZ b ]h\hjbl ÂłB qlh `_ _s_ [m^_l ´ OZaZju `_ m[_`Zeb d <he]_ hl >hgZ b >hgpZ ÂŤ lZf kjZf bf_eb ÂŤ ËÉ \hbgu bo [ueb gZa_fv [jhkbeb f_qb k\hb b ih\_jgmeb dm^Z ]eZaZ ]ey^yl < lhl jZa =hlu i_j_reb d ^jm]bf f_klZf gZ iheghqv hlhreb b lZf ijhiZeb ^Zevr_ b^y Jmkv `_ mklj_fbeZkv gZ wlb a_feb qlh d Jmkb [ueb ijbkh_^bg_gu djh\mr db j_dZfb K\hb ihc^ml dZd ]h\hjblky b kdZaZeb ÂłFbehklb qZk ;h`_kdhc ijboh^bl ihbklb g_ <hko\Zey_f fu >Z`^v[h]Z gZr_]h b aeZlhmkh]h I_jmgZ Dhlhjuc k gZfb [ue´ B lZd \h i_j\uo ki_eb keZ\m hgb ;h]Zf gZ lhc a_fe_ qm`hc K l_f b gZa\Zeb JmkdheZgvx lm a_fex b lZf ihlsbebkv \_kvfZ qlh[ gZr_c a_fe_ kha^Zklvky ÂŤ OZaZju `_ ihjm[Zggu_ \ a_fex ihreb b gZkdhevdh JmkdheZgb fh`gh [ueh ih bklbg_ klZeZ ihlhfm \ke_^ =hlh\ ml\_j`^Zlvky gZ >hgpm hgZ ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

Fgh]b_ reb k gbfb f_q_ghkpu lZd `_ b \ jZlguo ljm^Zo b hllh]h lh IjZsm jZf \hevgh [ueh b yjhklgh ÂŤ <e_k \_^v gZmqbe bo a_fex iZoZlv b a_jgh k_ylv LZd \_^v klZeb l_ IjZsmju h] gbsZgZfb b [ueb a_fe_^_evpZfb ÂŤ =h\hjbf \_^v fu dZd ]h\hjblky \ a_feyo gZrbo Z g_ dZd =j_db dhlhju_ ba dh juklb hjmkblvky `_eZxl Ih^qbgbeb hgb ;he]Zj ÂŤ ^Z b bguo \ aeZqguo iheyo

L _ Âł`be´ :gZeh]bqgh lhfm dZd \ kdZadZo ]h\hjblky Âł`be ^Z [ue´ L _ \aye d k_[_ beb k kh[hc Kh[bjZl_evgh l _ ÂłJmku´ L _ Âłg_ ohl_eb gbq_]h aZfureylv´ L _ Âłkd\_jgh ih^ OZaZjZfb´ ih^ oZaZjkdbf b]hf L _ OZaZju l\hjbeb I_jmg Âą ;h] \hcgu [hj_gby b [mjb ]jhfZfb b fhegbyfb ih\_e_\Zxsbc L _ ih\_j`_gu [ueb \h ijZo ebphf G_jZkihagZggu_ keh\Z b njZ]f_glu keh\ hklZ\e_gu \ bkoh^ghf \b^_ b ^Zgu rjbnlhf Âł<e_kh\bpZ´ 9OHVRYLWVD L _ ijbeh`beb [hevrb_ mkbeby ^ey wlh]h < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ½Ă„Ă‘ĂŽĂ€ Ă„½Ă‘ĂŽĂ€ Âą [md\ Âłf_qgbdb´ L _ klZlv gZih^h[b_ Jmkkdbo Lml y\gh ]h\hjblky g_ h \he`kdbo ;he]ZjZo


k\hc kdhl \h^ysbo B ba[bjZlv gZf KlZjp_\ gZ^h ba k\hbo hl jh^Z d jh^m LZd mijZ\ eyebkv fu \ l_q_gv_ ^_kylb \_dh\ AZ[ueb lh b wlh b jh^u lZd `b\msb_ hl^_evgh ie_f_gZ  ah\mlky ¹ Iheyg_  K_\_jyg_ >j_\eyg_ Lh \_^v ihbklbg_ kmlv Jmkbqb \k_ k JmkdheZgb G_ gZ^h bf  ^_eblvky dZd Kmfv b <_kv b Qm^v  Z hllh]h gZ Jmkv mkh [bpZ ijboh^bl  < lukyqm \lhjmx e_l  jZa^_em hgb ih^iZeb b h^bghq_kl\h ijhkgmehkv b klZ eb hgb jZ[hlZlv dZd jZ[u  kgZqZeZ =hlZf dhlhju_ dj_idh bo h[^bjZeb ihlhf OZaZ jZf dZd h[ty\bebkv hgb dZ]ZgZf Z \_^v qj_a g_jZ^_gv_ gZr_ ihgZqZem \ijZ\^m lhj ]h\ufb ]hklyfb gZ Jmkv ijbreb IhgZqZem [ueb \_e_j_qb\ufb b klZeb aeh[gufb ihlhf b Jmkbq_c ^Z\blv  KdZaZeb l_ ³Dm^Z ihc^_f hl gbo" @bagv \hevgmx fu ]^_ gZc^_f"  Fu kbju \_kvfZ b hl\jZlbeZkv ;h`_kdZy hl gZk JmdZ ´ B lZd aZ ^\Z^pZlv lukyq e_l fu g_ fh]eb kh[jZlvky \ Jmkv Z lZf ijbreb \Zjy]b b \ayeb __  \heqvbfb kugZfb [ueb hgb L\hjbeZkv hl ihemghqb \_^v Jmkv \_^v g_ [ueh m gZk \hafh`ghklb  \ e_kZo bevf_j kdbo wlh khl\hjblv : lZf _klv  Db_\ qlh qZklv ^ZgZ fZeZy  mk_ebkv lZf \Zjy]b hgb kmlv obsgbdb  KdZ`bl_ K\ylhyjm  qlh[u maj_lv gZf ajZdhf l_evguf lh]h [heyjZ ]_jhy gZ r_]h dhlhjuc kh Kdhlbq_f =hlh\ ihjZabe  : [ueb keZ\gu_ ^_ygvy l_ hl ijboh^Z KeZ\ygkdbo ex^_c gZ Jmkv q_j_a ^_\ylvkhl ljb ]h^Z  Ihlhfm dZd \g_aZigh b ]jZ[b l_evkdb hgb gZ gZk gZiZeb  Lh]^Z _^bguf dgya_f [ue K\ylhyj  dhlhjuc lh kh[jZe ;hjmkh\  gZ  JmkdheZgb  B \ayeb JmkdheZgv  b \hhjm`bebkv ;hjmku b ihreb gZ =hlh\ ba <hjhg`_gpZ  LZf [ueh ^_kylv l_f_c hl[hjguo [hygh\ dhgguo b gb dZd g_ i_rbo  LZd \hl b [jhkbebkv gZ gbo  K_qZ aehc b dhjhldhc [ueZ B ihk\b j_ikl\h\ZeZ lZ k_qZ ^h \_q_jZ b k =hlZfb ihdhgqbeb 

i“BŠœ�… \ k ## \ k

Jmkv `_ mklj_fbeZkv gZ a_fex lm b ^h kbo ihj fu lZf < lh \j_fy ijbreb \Zjy]b d Db_\m k lhj]h\ufb ]hklyfb b [beb OZaZj B oZaZjkdbc dZ]Zg b ]h\hjbl Kdhl_gx b ihfhsb ijhkbe HldZaZe \ lhf Kdhl_gv b ]h\hjbl ³Ihbklbg_ kZfb ihfh`_l_ k_[_ ´ º½ Qlh JmkdheZgb [ueh ^_eZlv _keb \ky lh \jZ`vy kbeZ b^_l gZ a_feb <hjhg`_gpZ  <hjhg`_g_p [ue \ ^j_\ghklb fgh]h \_dh\ gZaZ^ ihklZ\e_g  hdj_fe_g hl gZiZ ^_gby \hdjm]  B gZ <hjhg`_g_p \Zjy`bgZ ihreZ b aZo\ZlbeZ b lZd mk_eZkv lZf <hl Jmkv klZeZ hl]hjh`_gZ hl aZoh^Z KhegpZ b ^jm]b_ gZ ihe^_gv d Kmjv_ ihreb b KmjZ`v ¹]hjh^ khl\hjbeb  m fhjy dhlhjuc lZf l_i_jv m =j_dh\ dj_idbc ]hjh^ Km jZ`v

Ih^ keh\hf Âłihe_´ \h <e_kdgb]_ dZd b g_kdhevdh iha`_ \ [uebgZo ih^jZamf_\Z_lky kl_iv ÂłAeZqgu_ ihey´ Âą ]^_ jZklml aeZdh\u_ jZkl_gby iblZykv dhlhjufb kdhl hldZjfeb\Z_lky lmqg__l L _ gZklZeh jZat_^bg_gb_ L _ dmipZfb dhlhju_ lh]^Z gZau\Zebkv ijhklh Âł]hklyfb´ beb Âłlhj]h\ufb ]hklyfb´ L _ ]h\hjbeb aZfZgqb\h ijb\e_deb k\hbfb h[_sZgbyfb L _ khl\hjblv Jmkv dZd ^_j`Z\m šĂ†ĂƒĂ—Ăˆ šĂ†ĂƒĂ—ĂˆĂ€Ă… Âą \hbgkdh_ a\Zgb_ ^Z\Z\r__ky aZ ojZ[jhklv L _ qlh[u gZf \k_f m\b^_lv \hhqbx qlh hg lZdhc `_ ih^\b] ijhy\be dZd b lhl [heyj K\ylhyj kh Kdhl_g_f Kdhlbq_f >j_\g_jmkkd ÂşĂ†Ăˆž½Ă…ĂŽ½ Âą <hjhg`_g_p ]hjh^ G_dZy jZagh\b^ghklv \hbgh\ kf l` Keh\Zjv L _ h]hjh`_g mdj_ie_gghc kl_ghc Âą Âłdj_fe_f´ [ue b ]eZ]he Âłhdj_fblv´ Kh[bjZl hl Âł\Zjy]b´ beb Âł\jZ]b´ ?s_ h^bg ijhbaghkbl_evguc \ZjbZgl ÂłKmjh`v´ b lh b ^jm]h_ Âą ÂłKheg_qguc´

"


;_ehyj `_ Djb\hjh] \ lh \j_fy [ue dgya_f jmkkdbf b [_eh]h hg ]hem[y imkdZ_l Dm^Z e_lbl lm^Z b^lb : hg b ihe_l_e gZ =j_dh\ Djb\hjh] gZiZe gZ gbo b bo jZa[be Lml =j_db dZd ebku o\hklhf \_jl_eb ^Zeb Djb\hjh]m ahehlh_ jmgh k k_j_[jyguf dhgv dhf B m^_j`Zeky Djb\hjh] lhl gZ Kmjh`b B ihlhfm dZd =j_db wlb [ueb g_ \ KmjZ `b lh ^h]h\hjbeky qlh[u Jmku [ueb hldjulu lZf : =j_db [jhkbeb gZ gbo [hygh\ \ `_e_aghc [jhg_ b bo ih[beb Djh\b fgh]h gZa_fv jmkkdhc ijheblh b g_l dhgpZ kl_ gZgvyf Jmkh\ Bevf_jpu kdZaZeb qlh ³\u ]emipu Z fu gZ ihfhsv ijb[_`bf d \Zf ´ Ih qlbf bo iZfylv ihlhfm dZd m^h[jbeb hgb \k_ a_fex Jmkkdmx b \k_ hgb ¹ gZf IjZhlpu  dhlhju_ kbeu jZkl_jyeb aZ Jmkv gZ fgh]bo k_qZo l_o k \jZ]Zfb gZrbfb  B djh\v bo a_fex gZrm m^h[jy_l  Ij_[u\Zxl k ;h]hf l_ k I_jmghf dlh gZ gZdh\Zevgyo dm xl k\hb f_qb hkljy bo gZ bguo \jZ]h\  Fu ` bo ihijhkbf gZf ihfhqv 

i“BŠœ�… ] k ## ] k

k

Kmjh`m ` K\ylm [ulv gZ^ gZfb  b fu b^_f lm^Z ]^_ \b^bf qlh a_feb  ]hjyl b Emdhfhjv_ B \kydbc ^_gv d ;h]Zf \abjZ_f dhlhju_ _klv K\_l dhlhjh]h fu gZau\Z_f I_jmg >Z`^v[h] Ohj Yj b bf_gZfb fgh]bfb bgufb LZd \hki_\Z_f keZ\m fu ;h]Zf b fbehklbx ;h`_kdhc `b\_f ihdm^Z `bagb g_ ebrbfky Kmjh`Z [v_l gZrbo \jZ]h\ dhlhju_ kmlv fba]bjb gZ G__ iheamsb_  b gZf ]jhaysb_ [heyfb b FZjhf FZjhc b \kyq_kdbf `bagb dhgphf  ;h] Kbevguc y\blky  b [m^_l [blv f_qhf l_f ¹ fhegb_c b hgb ba^hogml Kmjvy k\_lbl gZ gZk b d gZf b \b^bf \kz <h i_j\uo `_ keZ\Z Kmjv_ Kghim >_^m dhlhju_ aeh ba]hgyxl  Aeh_ ie_fy ^Zkh\ ih^gyehkv ba wlhc lvfu B wlh aeh_ ie_fy gZ IjZsmjh\ gZ rbo gZe_l_eh  b gZiZeh b fgh]b_ y\bebkv ihjZ`_ggu_ b mf_js\e_ggu_ B lhl Hj_c KlZjuc Hl_p b ]h\hjbl ³B^zf ba lhc a_feb ]^_ =mggu gZrbo [jZlp_\ m[b\Zxl < qZk wlbo a\_jkl\ djh\v ev_lky B kdhl gZr hgb djZ^ml b m[b\Zxl ^_l_c ´ B kdZaZe lh KlZjuc Hl_p b fu gZijZ\bebkv \ ^jm]mx a_fex dhlhjZy f_^hf b fhehdhf l_q_l B _klv a_fey lZ  b \k_ hlijZ\bebkv : kugh\vy ljb Hjvy [ueb Dbc b

< l_dklZo <e_kdgb]b gZ[ex^Z_lky g_kh[ex^_gb_ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ]eZ]hevguo \j_f_g < l_dkl_ ÂłgZ Dhemgyo´ l _ \ hdj_klghklyo KmjZ`b <hafh`gh kfuke lZdhc Âłqlh[ bf_lv \uoh^ d fhjx Âą ´ J_qv km^y ih dhgl_dklm b^_l h x`guo a_feyo Z g_ h l_o dhlhju_ iha`_ klZeb Gh\]hjh^kdbfb Kmjv_ Âą Khegpm L _ ÂłKhegp_ K\ylh_ ij_[u\Z_l gZ^ gZfb´ <f_klh fgh]hlhqby ^he`gh [ulv dZdh_ lh ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ dhlhjh_ lh]^Z h[uqgh ke_^h\Zeh aZ hij_^_ey_fuf keh\hf h[hagZqZxs__ dZdb_ a_feb ]hjyl <hafh`gh khdj hl ÂłK\ylh\b^´ Ohjk Ohjhk Âą ;h`_kl\h KhegpZ Yj Yjh YjbeZ Âą ;h`_kl\h <_kgu \_k_gg_]h KhegpZ Kmjvy Âą Khegp_ IZmdb L _ gZ Kmjvx FZj f j b FZjZ ` j ;h`_kl\h kf_jlb aZ[em`^_gby L _ Âłemqb ?_ b^ml d gZf´ ÂłKghi´ >_^´ Âą wibl_lu K\Zjh]Z G_[_kgh]h ;h]Z l` Âł>m[´ KZgkdj GBVD \jZ`^_[guc g_^h[jh`_eZl_evguc ^_fhgbq_kdbc \jZ] g_ij_yl_ev aehc ^_fhg g_Zjb_p jZ[ GĂĄV\X \jZ`^_[gu_ [h]Zf ^_fhgu ih[_`^Z_fu_ Bg^jhc b :]gb \jZ] g_ijbyl_ev jZa[hcgbd ]jZ[b l_ev g_Zjbc g_Zjb_p Kf kghkdm Y\gh gZf_dZ_lky gZ lh qlh =mggu ½Ă‹Ă…Ă?ĂŠĂ€½ Âą >Zkh\h ^_fhgbq_kdh_ ie_fy

"

QRQ SU


IZs_d b Ohjh\Zlh hldm^Z ljb keZ\guo ie_f_gb ijhbkl_deb Kugh\vy l_ [ueb ij_^\h^bl_eb ojZ[ju_ ^jm`bg b lZd \k_ b mk_ebkv gZ dhg_c ^Z b hlijZ\bebkv ÂŤ AZ gbfb ` _^ml ^jm`bgu fheh^_`b kdhl dhjh\u ih\hadb [uqbgu_ b h\pu ÂŤ B ^_lb reb b klZjpu b fZl_jb b `_gsbgu dZd g_fhsgu_ ex^b LZd reb hgb gZ ihe^_gv d fhjx b f_qZfb jZabeb \jZ]h\ Reb ^h ]hj \_ebdbo b ^h ljZ\guo jZ\gbg ]^_ [ueh aeZdh\ fgh`_kl\h LZf hgb b ihk_ebebkv k Db_f dhlhjuc Db_\Z kljhbl_ev [ue LZf \_^v b [ueZ klhebpZ jmkkdZy ÂŤ Fgh]hc djh\b klhbe bkoh^ lhl KeZ\guf : hgb ij_g_[j_]Zeb kd\_jguf qlh kemqZehkv b ^\b]Zebkv dm^Z bf Hj_c ]h\hjbe Ihlhfm dZd djh\v \_^v lZ k\hy b djh\v gZrZ ijh lh `_ ]h\hjbl qlh fu _kvfu \k_ Jmkbqb G_ kemrZcl_ \jZ ]h\ qlh ]h\hjyl qlh \u g_ ^h[jh^_l_evgu ÂŤ Hl Hj_y HlpZ fu ijhbkoh^bf b lÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

<hl ih^jh[ghklb dZd gZqZebkv fu \ hdjm]_ wlhc KdZ`_f lZd qlh e_l aZ lukyqm iylvkhl ^h >bjZ gZrb IjZ^_^u \ DZjiZlkdb_ ]hju ihreb b lZf ihk_ebebkv b `beb ihdhcgh B jh^u \_^v mijZ\eyebkv kZfb Jh^bqZfb HlpZfb Z klZj_crbgZ Jh^Z [ue S_dh ba BjbZg Hg \_^v mqbe qlh IZjdmg gZf [eZ]h\hebl ihlhfm dZd fu ?]h ihqblZeb b lZ dhc gZrZ `bagv [ueZ e_l iylvkhl : lZf b ^\bgmebkv fu d \hkoh^ys_fm khegpm b d G_ij_ ihreb LZ \_^v j_dZ d fhjx l_q_l B d ihemghqb fu k_eb gZ g_c b a\ZeZkv G_ijZ ij_iylkl\b_f ihlhfm dZd \h`^b ÂŤ B lZf ihk_ebebkv hgb b iylvkhl e_l \k_ kZfb kh[hc mijZ\eyebkv b lZd [ueb ;h]Zfb ojZgbfu b fgh]bfb dhlhjuo ah\ml khyauq gbdZfb Bevf_jh\ fgh`_kl\h [ueh lZf h]gbsZg hk_^euo B lZd kdhl k_[_ \h^beb \ kl_ib ^Z b lZf lZd ;h]Zfb ojZgbfu [ueb Fh`_l lZd _s_ Hj_c Hl_p \h^be bo B ^_g_`_d b ahehlZ fgh]h bf_eb b [h]Zlh `beb fu k \Zfb

i“BŠœ�… [ k [ k

B \j_fy hl \j_f_gb gZjh`^Z_lky kj_^b gZk ÂŤ k\Zj`_gkdbc kZfhc kf_jlb ÂŤ g_ klZg_f ebrgbfb

\_^v hklZ_lky ^h

Dbc Q_o b Ohj\Zl \ ^j ijhbaghr_gbb Dbc Q_o S_dh b Ohjb\ Ohjb\ Ohj_\ Ohjh\Zlh Ohj\Zl ijhbkoh^bl hl bf_gb ;h]Z kheg_qgh]h ^bkdZ ÂłOhj Ohjk´ b hagZqZ_l ÂłijbgZ^e_`Zsbc Ohjkm bf_xsbc hlghr_gb_ d Ohj km´ Beb ÂłKeZ\ygkdb_´ l d Ă‰Ăƒ¸º½Ă…½ agZqbl b lh b ^jm]h_ L _ ih\hadb aZijy`_ggu_ [udZfb gZ ehrZ^yo Jmku jZgvr_ _a^beb lhevdh \_johf L _ dhlhju_ g_ fh]eb kjZ`Zlvky L _ g_ h[jZsZeb gZ ly]hlu \gbfZgby =e k\yadZ gZkl \j e fg q hl šĂ“ĂŠ½ <hafh`gh_ ijh^he`_gb_ mljZq_ggh]h njZ]f_glZ Âłb lZd fu :jvb´ < ihevam lZdh]h ijhql_gby ]h\hjbl lh qlh \ ^jm]hf f_kl_ <e_kdgb]b ]h\hjblky Âłfu _kvfu :jbckdh_ ie_fy gZjh^ MihfbgZ_fuc \ Ih\_klb \j_f_gguo e_l >bj ,; \ g w \h <e_kdgb]_ _klv b ihegZy ]j_q_kdZy nhjfZ _]h bf_gb Âą >bjhk ÂłAZ lukyqm iylvkhl ^h >bjZ´ Âą ijb[ebabl_evgh ,9 \ ^h g w <hafh`gh lhl `_ kZfuc IZs_d h dhlhjhf ]h\hjblky \ l_dkl_ ] eb[h IZs_d Âą ihlhfhd Q_oZ S_dh l d wlh bfy y\gh agZqbl Âłihke_ S_dZ S_oZ´ <hafh`gh Âłba BjZgp_\´ <ZjbZgl bf_gb I_jmg >g_ijm L _ k_\_jg__ __ \iZ^_gby \ fhj_ L _ g_ ijb]eZrZy ihklhjhggbo dgya_c Z \u[bjZy KlZjrbo ba k\h_c kj_^u Âą ijbf_jgh ^h 9, \ ^h g w L _ Âłdhlhju_ ]h\hjyl gZ ih^h[ghf yaud_´ beb \hafh`gh Âłkhxagbdb´ <hae_ >g_ijZ < hjb]bgZe_ qZklh mihlj_[ey_fZy \ bkoh^guo l_dklZo ]eZ]hevgZy nhjfZ a^_kv žĂ€ÂşĂ?ÆÉʸ žĂ€ÂşĂ—Ă?ÆÄÉʸ k ijbkh_^b g_gb_f ^\mo hdhgqZgbc Âą b e fg q qlh \hfh`gh i_j_\_klb kh\j_f_gguf Âłfu k \Zfb´ L _ Âłhlghkysbcky d K\Zj]_´ Âłg_[_kguc´ Kf l` Keh\Zjv


LZd`_ b Bevf_jpu dhlhju_ gZk g_h^gZ`^u ojZgbeb b k gZfb kebebkv b djh\v \hl k\hx ^Zeb b gZf  < ^j_\ghklb [ueb gZ Jmkb OZaZju Gugq_ `_ \kz ¹ \Zjy]b  Fu `_ ¹ Jmkbqb gbdZd g_ \Zjy]b  KlZ\bf gZ Kmjv_ Khegp_ fhehdh gZr_ \h ljZ\Zo Ghqvx jZklheq_f \ g_]h ³sZex´ b ^jm]b_ ljZ\u dZd ]h\hjbeb b IjZklZju_ Hlpu b ^Z_f hkmjblvky ?_ iv_f fu ljb`^u \h keZ\m ;h]h\ iylbdjZlgh dZ`^uc ^_gv Wlh \_^v gZr_ ^j_\g__ ihqblZgv_ ;h]Zf qlh fu ^he`gu kh\_jrZlv dZd lj_[m  b lj_[Z lZ [m^_l k\yavx f_`^m gZfb  B gb FZjZ gb FhjhdZ gZf g_ ke_^m_l keZ\blv  Hgb \_^v ¹ ^b \u gZr_ g_kqZklv_  GZr >_^ ¹ \h K\Zj]_ 

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

<hl wlb Yau hlhreb gZ ihe^_gv b lZf g_ lj_\h`Zl gZk B lZd ihreb hgb kdhl \h^blv b ]h\y^ k\hbo B \b^_eb lml dZd fgh`_kl\h ilbp d gbf e_l_eh B l_ lh ]Zedb b \hjhgu k ibjZ e_l_eb B ibj [ue \_ebdbc \ kl_iyo Lh \_^v l_ ie_f_gZ Dhklh[h dh\ gZiZeb B hgb gZghkbeb fgh]b_ jZgu b djh\v ijheb\Zeb Lh g_h`b^Zggh ]heh \u k_deb \jZ]Zf k\hbf b bo lh \hjhgu b _eb B lZd Kljb[u k\bsml \ kl_iyo b ;hj_b ]m^yl d ihemghqb h[ hiZkghklb ^ey gZk ;ueZ lml k_qZ \_ebdZy qlh[u k YaZfb b Dhklh[hdZfb kjZablvky k iZdhklgufb m[_ ]Zxsbfb \hjZfb ]h\y^ gZrbo B [jZgv lZ ^\_klb e_l \hl lZd [ueZ B jh^bqb d EyoZf m[_`Zeb \\_j`_gu \h [_^u b lZf hk_eb Klh e_l kimkly lZf [ueb =hlu =_jfZgj_oZ b aeh[bebkv gZ gZk B [jZgv [hevrZy lml [ueZ b =hlu [ueb ihl_kg_gu b hl[jhr_gu ^h >hgpZ b >hgZ B =_jfZgj_o ibe \b gh [jZlkdhc ex[\b k \h_\h^Zfb gZrbfb b lZd \hl khl\hjbeZkv `bagv gh\Zy

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

ÂŤ hl Hjby Wlh \_^v gZr h[sbc kh ;hjmkZfb Hl_p Hl JZ j_db ^h G_iju b DZjiZlkdbo ]hj ^_j`Z\Z ih jh^Zf l_f ijZ\blky Jh^bqZfb b \_qZfb B \kydbc jh^

K[jZ`b\Zlv Âą Âłhkmjb\Zlv´ dZd ]h\hjbeb lh]^Z l _ Âłih^\_j]Zlv \ha^_ckl\bx khegpZ´ DZdZy lh ljZ\Z Âą \hafh`gh sZ\_ev" Kmjm Âą kmjbpm L _ iylv jZa \ ^_gv ih ljb ]ehldZ beb hlib\Zy ih ljb jZaZ Kf l` gZijbf_j \ l_dklZo ^hs_q_d Z Lj_[Z Âą Âłlh qlh lj_[m_lky ih h[_lm ih jblmZem kh\_jrblv´ l _ [h]hkem`_gb_ jblmZe `_jl\hijbghr_gb_ < kh\j_f_gghf mdjZbgkdhf gZj_qgh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ lh]h `_ keh\Z Âłlj_[Z´ Âą ÂłgZ^h´ L _ Âłf_`^m gZfb b ;h]Zfb´ ;h`_kl\Z gZkueZxsb_ kf_jlv h[fZg beexabx gZ\Z`^_gby BjZgkdZy ljZ^bpby ]^_ ^b\u ^w\u Âą ijhlb\gbdb ;h]h\ ^_fhgu ijbghkysb_ g_kqZklv_ Kf kghkdm < Š<DÂŞ Âą ^\Z l_dklZ k h^bgZdh\ufb aZ]heh\dZfb Âł>hs_qdZ [´ Ihf_ldb Âł [ ´ b Âł [ ´ fhb Âą DZdh_ lh ie_fy lj_\h`b\r__ Jmkh\ <hafh`gh gZa\Zgb_ ]hjh^Z Ykku Âą h^ghdhj_ggh_ k bo bf_g_f Djmiguc jh]Zluc kdhl hl kZgkdj JR dhjh\Z A^_kv b \ ke_^mxs_f ij_^eh`_gbb [md\Zevgh Âłhl _^u´ >j_\g__ ie_fy Ghkbeb iZgpbjb ba jh]h\uo ieZklbg ihlhfm b [ueb lZd ijha\Zgu ;md\ Âłhl\hjyeb´ Hl ÂłĂ‰ĂŠĂˆĂ€šĂ†´ Âą [h] \_ljZ b ijhklhjh\ hl kZgkdjblkdb]h dhjgy VWUL ijhklbjZlvky \hafh`gh wibl_l \_ljh\ Âą Ă‰ĂŠĂˆĂ€ šĂ†žĂ€Ă?Ă€ p ÂłKljb[h`vb ihlhfdb b beb jh^kl\_ggbdb´ <b^bfh k_\_jgu_ beb [mjgu_ \_lju kj ]j_q Âł;hj_c´ Âą k_\_jguc \_l_j \ Gh\hjhkkbckd_ rd\Zevguc l _ [mj guc abfgbc \_l_j k fhjy gZau\Z_lky Âł;hjZ´ l` jmkkd [mjy [mjguc b l i LZdbf h[jZahf \b^bf qlh Âł[hj_c´ Âą beb jmkkdh_ keh\h beb keh\h h[s__ b ^ey =j_dh\ b ^ey Jmkkdbo L _ dhlhju_ iZdhklv k^_eZxl b m[_]Zxl <hcgZ =hlkdbc j_o Âą \h`^v Âłdgyav´ h dhlhjhf _]h bklhjbd Chj^Zg ibkZe qlh hg ydh[u kha^Ze bfi_jbx

+&


gZau\Z_l Jh^bq_c k\hbo dhlhju_ b mijZ\eyxl : \ ]hju dh]^Z ihclb lZd dgyab b \h_\h^u _klv b lZf \h`^b ex^_c qlh[u kjZ`Zlvky k \jZ]Zfb \h keZ\m I_jmgh\m B ihfhsv lZd >Z`^v[h]h\Z \ha\jZlbeZkv d gZf B lZd [ueZ ^_j`Z\Z lZ Jmkkdhc hl Jmkh\ b ;hjmkbq_c Lml \_^v [hjv[Z \_ebdZy g_ij_klZggh \kydbc qZk [ueZ b k_qb fgh ]b_ b kluqdb b \_^v \jZ]b lZd ihklmiZlv gZk aZklZ\eyxl b gbqlh _s_ g_ aZ\_jrbehkv ^h dhgpZ B lZd Jhf_b b =hlu ijbreb Lml \_^v =_jfZgj_o b^_l gZ gZk b gZiZ^Z_l B lZd Jhf_b jZa^Z\beb gZk b gZiZeb gZ gZk b =hlu ¹ f_`^m ^\mo h]g_c fu le_eb b ]hj_eb B lml [ueZ \_ebdZy [_^Z b [ueb kh``_gu `gb\vy b mgbqlh`_gu k_e_gby Z gZ bo f_kl_ ebrv ^ufu b i_i_ebsZ B lml \_^v ijbe_lZ_l d gZf IlbpZ ;h`vy b ]h\hjbl ³GZ iheghqv b^bl_ ^Z b gZdbgvl_kv mdjZ^dhx gZ gbo dh]^Z b^ml gZ gZrb iZkl[bsZ b gZ k_e_gvy´ B k^_eZ\ lZd mc^y gZ iheghqv gZ[jhkbfky gZ gbo b jZa]jhfbf bo ³H^_j`bl_ ih[_^m gZ^ gbfb B lZd b^bl_ gZ gbo b \klZgvl_ klZgZfb \u ih >mgZx ´ Jhf_b [jhkb ebkv gZ gZk b fgh]h [bebkv fu Lml [ukljh [ueb hgb gZmq_gu dZd ijhkl_]eZ\blv gZk B lZd fu bo hijhkl_]eZ\beb b \hbgh\ lml lvfZ [ueZ hijhkl_]eZ\e_gguo ;hevrb_ oheh^Z kg_]Z ]heh^ gZrbo fmqbeb ex^_c ijyfh hlhsZeb b hklZebkv [_ah \k_]h hgb GZkljZ^Zebkv \ lhl jZa \_kvfZ hgb qlh[u ^h[blvky g_aZ\bkb fhklb b __ kha^Zeb

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

<hl ihke_ klZ ^\Z^pZlb e_l [bl\u ihlhfm dZd =hlh\ ih^ibjZeb kaZ^b =mggu b ;_j_g^_b hgb ihreb gZ iheghqv f_`^m JZ j_dhc b >\bghc LZf lh ijhiZe =_jfZgj_o b =meZj_o ih\_e bo gZ gh\u_ a_feb <hl =mggu k ;_j_g^_yfb b ]h\y^Zfb k\hbfb b hklZebkv \ l_o djZyo ;ueh lZf fgh]h dhg_c b ]h\y^ ljZ\Z h[bevgZy b \h^Z `b\Zy : lml =meZj_o ijb\_e gh\u_ kbeu k\hb b hljZabe =mggh\ \h ]eZ\_ fgh]bo b ihr_e gZ gZk : lml jh^bqb kh[jZebkv gZ dhgyo b [jhkbebkv gZ gbo Kmjh\Zy k_qZ [ueZ lZf ljb^pZlv ^g_c B Jmku ijhimklbeb =hlh\ \ a_fex k\hx ihlhfm dZd l_ h[_sZeb [ulv k gZfb Ly`db_ \j_f_gZ gZklZeb GZiZeb gZ gZk Jhf_b k >mgZy =j_db k ihem^gy b =hlu k iheghqb b ihem^gy L_ lh \_^v [hevrh]h aeZ g_ ^_eZeb Z Jhf_b [m^mqb \ ]hjh^Zo ^m gZckdbo gZ gZk \ha]hj^bebkv b lZd fu `^Zeb ÂŤ LZ lh \hcgZ [ueZ m gZk \_kvfZ ^eb l_evghc b gbdZd g_ m]h^ghc gb ;h]Zf gb ex^yf B lZd g_ [ueh m gZk bgh]h ijb[_`bsZ dZd Hgb b \u[bjZeb fu dgya_c ba \h`^_c Hgb `_ [ueb hl H\k_gy ^h H\k_gy bf `_ ieZlbeb fu ^Zgv hl ihex^vy b

<b^bfh ijhims_gh ÂłIjhbkoh^bf fu´ >j_\g__ gZa\Zgb_ j_db <he]b Jmdh\h^bl_eyfb jh^h\ L _ \_qZ fg q b Jh^bqb ^_j`Z\hc mijZ\eyxl L _ \u[bjZ_l gZau\Zy bo L _ ba aZ gbo ijboh^behkv \ wlm [hjv[m \\yau\Zlvky Z g_ ih k\h_c \he_ b \kz wlh _s_ ijh^he`Z_lky <hafh`gh ^jm]h_ bfy FZl_jb <k_o KeZ\u <k_keZ\u Ă„¸ĂŠ½Ăˆ ɺ¸ Ă‰Ăƒ¸º¸ qZklh mihfbgZ_fh]h gh lZbgkl\_ggh]h i_jkhgZ`Z <e_kdgb]b Kj kh\j Âł h ijhklh\hehkblv´ l _ Âłkgylv dhfm eb[h rZidm´ ih ZgZeh]bb b Âłijhkl_]eZ\blv´ Âą Âłkgylv dhfm eb[h ]heh\m´ <hijhkbl_evguc agZd \u^_e_gguc dmjkb\hf \ayluc \ kdh[db hagZqZ_l ijb[ebabl_evguc i_j_\h^ Jmku b ;hjmku L _ h[_sZeb [ulv khxagbdZfb L _ ;h]b L _ bo \u[bjZeb gZ kjhd hl h^gh]h hk_gg_]h ijZa^gbdZ ^h ^jm]h]h


kljZrZkv \h^beb klZ^Z k\hb b h[jZ[Zlu\Zeb a_fex `blh gZr_ B lZd `beb fu k \Zfb b iylv^_kyl e_l l\hjbeb [bl\m \_ebdmx \kydbc ^_gv k =mggZfb b =hlZfb gh g_ k ;_j_g^_yfb M gbo `_ [ue dgyav KZoZ b hg ij_fm^jh fbjZ bkdZe hl Jmkh\ b [ue gZr ^jm] ;_j_g^_b oh^beb ihlbom Wlh \_^v =mggu kmlv \hju b [hjv[Z k gbfb [ueZ ly`dhc HgZ \_^v ^ebeZkv e_l klh b =mggu hklZebkv gZ ]hlkdhc a_fe_ ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… \ k ## \ k

B \hl b \ijZ\^m kh[jZebkv b klZeb ]hjh^Z kljhblv Âą Ohjkmgv b bgh_ [ueh \ha \_^_gh JmkdheZgv gZqZeb jZa^bjZlv kfmlu l\hjysb_ky gZ ihem^g_ Z ;hjmku gZ ihem ghqb fgh]h_ ij_l_ji_\Zeb : lh \_^v Jh^bqb g_ ohl_eb qlh[u Jmkkdb_ jh^u kh_^bgb ebkv \ JmkdheZgv Ba aZ lh]h `_ ^\_ \_l\b l_ bf_gh\Zebkv <_ebdb_ b FZeu_ ;hjmku G_ Kmjh`pu gZa\Zeb Kmjh`Z Jmkkdbf Z ;hjmku IjZ\Zy [hjv[Z [ueZ lZdbf h[jZahf g_ijZ\hc [hjv [hc B ^he]Zy \jZ`^Z f_`^m jh^Zfb jZa^bjZeZ ;hjmkh\ gZ qZklb LZd ;hjmku g_ fh]eb `_ klZlv =j_dZfb b Kdmnvx \ kl_ib Âą l_ lh \_^v `_elu_ : Jmku Âą jmku_ b ]hem[h]eZ au_ kbevgu_ B g_ \ GZ\b `_ \hcgZ reZ g_ij_klZggh Z jZa\_ ` gZ Kmjh`_ g_ [ueh dgya_c kbevguo qlh[u =j_dZf ^Zlv Âą \jZ]Zf Âą hlihj dZd b ^jm]bf" Hl HlpZ Hj_y b ^h >bjZ [ueh lukyqm iylvkhl e_l <hl l_ IjZhlpu gZrb agZeb f_^gu_ f_qb LZd \_^v L\Zkl_j bf kdZaZe k^_eZlv `_e_agu_ b [jZlv dhg_c dhlhju_ [_]ml hl ;h]h\ d gZf LZd [ueZ JmkdheZgv kbevghc b dj_idhc <_^v [eZ]h^Zjy I_jmgm \eZ^_xs_fm gZ fb kdhevdh [u fu g_ \ulZkdb\Zeb f_qb Âą ih[_`^Zeb \jZ]h\ hl]hgyeb bo \ bo a_feb Ihlhfm dZd \h`^b \j_f_gb jh^Z Hj_y keZ\gu b kbevgu [ueb Âą dZd b l_ dhlhju_ ih^ khegp_f [beb ?]bi_l b jZgvr_ < l_ `_ \j_f_gZ g_ [ueh m gZk _^bgkl\Z b [ueb fu k \Zfb dZd h\pu [_a <e_kZ Hg \_^v kdZaZe gZf qlh gZ^h[gh gZf oh^blv ijyfh gh gb dh]^Z g_ djb\h Z lh]h fu g_ ihkemrZebkv LZd IZjku m[jZeb [hevrmx qZklv Jmkh\ ihqlb\ GZ[kmjZ G_ hkl_j_]Zebkv \_^v hgb \jZ]h\ b lZd gZiZeb l_ gZ gbo b ŸÆ Ă„Ă†ĂˆĂ‹ ¿ºĂ•ĂŠ¸ b ihreb hgb dehgblv ]heh\u k\hb ih^ \jZ`_kdb_ [bqb Lh]^Z lh kbevgu_ \jZ]b gZiZeb gZ \k_o lj_o : l_ lh ihreb k ]h\y^Zfb gZ aZoh^ Kmjvb b lZf ijhiZeb GZrb `_ ex^b ihreb ih^ GZ[kmjZ pZjy : ihke_ lh]h lh ihreb gZ khegp_ ?]bi_lkdh_

i“BŠœ�… ] k ## ] k

>he]h ijbrehkv l_f ]h^Zf ihjZ[hs_gby ^eblvky B lZd ijbr_e ^_gv b Jmku m[_`Zeb hl GZ[mkZjZ pZjy Âą IZjku `_ g_ ihreb aZ gbfb Âą b lZd ijbreb Jmku \ djZy

L _ hiZkZykv \jZ]h\ L _ fm^juc [ue \_kvfZ b fbjZ k JmkZfb ohl_e L _ [ueb ^jm`_ex[gufb gZ Jmkh\ g_ gZiZ^Zeb Bfy wlh]h ]hjh^Z y\gh keZ]Z_lky ba ^\mo dhjg_c Ă?Ă†ĂˆĂ‰ Ă?Ă†Ăˆ b ÉËŽ Âą b lh b ^jm]h_ hagZqZ_l ÂłKhegp_´ L _ ba aZ l_o `_ kfml b g_`_eZgby Jh^bqZfb h[t_^bg_ggby L _ g_ \ GZ\b Z lml gZ a_fe_ L\hj_p ;h`_kl\_gguc FZkl_j kj kZgkdj tvĂĄ45ar iehlgbd fZkl_j L\ZrlZj \_^bckdh_ [h`_kl\h l\hj_p < hjb]bgZe_ ĂŠ½Ăˆ½ kj \hafh`gh eZlbgkd jmfugkd DU a_fey < khklZ\_ lZd gZau\Z_fuo Âł=bdkhkh\´ dhlhju_ gZ kZfhf ^_e_ OZcdb +DLN Âą ij_^db :jfyg b Jmkh\ k :jZjZlZ aZ\h_\Z\rb_ ?]bi_l I_jku A^_kv \kihfbgZ_lky h ij_[u\Zgbb Jmkh\ \ <Z\behg_ <hafh`gh \ kfuke_ ÂłhlkljZgbeb k dexq_\uo ihabpbc ihlhfm qlh l_ [ueb [he__ \ebyl_evgufb b hiZkgufb ^ey GZ[kmjZ GZ\moh^hghkhjZ hdZaZ\ ij_^ihql_gb_ _fm´ GZ aZiZ^ L _ gZ ?]bi_l Ijh^he`_gb_ l_dklZ \b^bfh gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ GZ[kmjZ Âą GZ\moh^hghkhjZ

WHUUD


gZrb : lZf \_^v hgb keurZeb i_kgb gZrb h[ Bglj_ b <hem q_fm fu l\_j^h \_jm_f Fu k \Zfb _kvfu k ;h]Zfb gZrbfb Z k\hbf ;h]Zf k\hb g_ \ ly]hklv Hllh]h _^bgu fu b jZa fu Bo g_k_f lh Hgb m gZk b _klv b gbdh]^Z fu g_ ^he`gu gZau\Zlv Bo bgZq_ dZd wlh ^_eZxl Yauqgbdb Dh]^Z ihjZ[hs_gb_ lh <Z\behgkdh_ fu ij_l_ji_\Zeb b dgya_f bo lml [ue GZ[ kmj pZjv dhlhjuc bo lh ih^qbgbe B hgb k\hbo fheh^uo ^Z\Zeb \ \hbgu b ĂŠ¸½Ă…ÂźĂƒĂ† ŸÆ Ă?Ă‹ĂˆĂ‰Ă“ b qj_k_e ih s_dZf fmq_gby ij_l_ji_\Zeb b hgb [beb iZedhc B lh l_ji_lv fu k \Zfb g_ fh]eb gbdZd B g_ fh`_f b ]h\hjbf bf qlh gZf wlh g_ ih k_j^pm LZd \ lhl ^_gv dh]^Z [ueh \_ebdh_ a_fe_ljyk_gb_ b a_fe_\_jl_gb_ b h\jZ]b jZkk_ebkv \hdjm] ^h g_[Z lZf dhgb b \heu f_lZebkv b j_\_eb AZ[jZeb fu k\hb klZ^Z b [jhkbebkv gZ iheghqv b kiZkeb ^m rb gZrb B lZd ;h]Zfb ojZgbfu [m^_l_ b q_f gb aZ qlh l_jylv gZf kugh\ k\hbo b k\hbo ^hq_j_c ^Z b `_g B [m^_f ijhklh k\hb m`_ b `blv \ [eZ]hihemqbb : dZd reb [u gZ q_e_ jZl_c lh g_ [ueb [u kfyl_gu b \ jZ[kl\h g_ hl^Zebkv [u \k_ b oh^beb [u g_ dZd iku Ihlhfdb fu KeZ\guo b ]_jhyfb [ulv fh`_f Z g_ h[jZsZeb \gbfZgby fu k \Zfb <hl FZ]mjZ ih_l i_kgb k\hb d k_q_ B lZ IlbpZ Âą hl Bg^ju ihlhfm dZd Bg^jZ [ue b ij_[m^_l Bg^jhc lhevdh Dhlhjuc ^Z_l I_jmgm \k_ [jZgb qlh[u Lhl ih\_j] bo qlh[u ijbr_e Yjuc gZr \ ĂƒĂ‹Ă…Ă?½ B emqr_ gZf ijhiZklv gh gbdh]^Z ih \he_ k\h_c g_ [ulv jZ[Zfb b `_jl\u l\hjblv ;h]Zf bo

i“BŠœ�… ^ k ## ^ k

<hl `j_pu h <_^_ aZ[hlblvky ]h\hjbeb Z __ mdjZeb m gbo b g_l __ m gZk l_i_jv ?keb [u g_ [ueh [_j_g^__\ gZrbo b [hygh\ lZd [ueb [u fu k \Zfb g_\_`^Zfb ^h dhgpZ hldm^Z fu : \hl [heyj ]_jhc dhlhjuc [be =hlh\ \ ]h^ lukyqm lj_lbc hl DZjiZlkdh]h bkoh^Z B hg dZd b Ljb_^hj ihr_e [_a kljZoZ gZ gbo B [heyj K_]_gy dhlhjuc m[be kugZ =_jfZgj_oZ b hl[jhkbe =meZj_oZ hl <hjhg`_gpZ LZf hklZeZkv Jmkv ;hjmkkdZy b Jmkdh eZgv LZd _s_ ijb^_lky gZf klu^blvky \jZ]h\ gZrbo keh\ H dh]^Z [u fu wlh ihgy eb g_ ih\_jbeb [u \kydhfm lZdhfm ]emihfm keh\m kdZaZgghfm gZf B \hl AZjy k\_lbl gZf b Mljh b^_l d gZf b lZd _klv m gZk <_klgbd kdZqmsbc kh K\Zj]b B j_q_f o\Zem b keZ\m ;h]Zf

IZjku " Bg^jZ L _ h[ Bg^j_ b <Zem <hem <Zem Âą ^_fhg ih[_`^Z_fuc Bg^jhc b _fm i_kgb \jy^ eb kdeZ^u\Zeb < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ [md\ ÂłBo g_kmsb_ Bo bf__f´ ½¿½ĂŽ½ Âą Âł]h\hjysb_ gZ yudZo´ l _ Âł]h\hjysb_ gZ ^jm]bo yudZo´ Beb \hafh`gh kf_jqb L _ ÂłDZd b jZgvr_ b l_i_jv ojZgbfu [m^_l_´ dZd khklZ\bl_ev l_dklh\ <e_kdgb]b ihklhyggh ih^q_jdb\Z_l qlh gZ^e_`bl ihklmiZlv dZd IjZhlpu ihklmiZeb ;h]h\ qlblv b lh]^Z Hgb ihfh]Zxl b hojZgyxl L _ Âłk\hb b `blv kj_^b k\hbo b k\hb ih^^_j`b\Zlv b ihfh]Zlv [m^ml´ <hafh`gh lml bf__lky \ \b^m oZaZjkdh_ b]h ^eb\r__ky e_l ljbklZ L _ ij_g_[j_]Zeb k\hbf [eZ]hjh^guf ijhbkoh`^_gb_f b _^bg_gb_f b ihlhfm ihiZeb \ dZ[Zem <hafh`gh \ZjbZgl bf_gb FZl_jb <k_o Ă„¸ĂŠ½Ăˆ½ ɺ¸ beb g_\_jgh_ ijhql_gb_ keh\Z Ă„¸ĂŠ½Ăˆ½ Ă„¸ĂŠĂ“Ăˆ½ L _ ijbau\Zxsb_ d k_q_ ih^]hlZ\eb\Zxsb_ d [bl\_ Bg^jZ Âą Ij_^\h^bl_ev g_[_kgh]h \hbgkl\Z L _ \b^bfh Âłih^]hlZ\eb\Z_l I_jmgm \k_ [jZgb qlh[u Lhl ih\_j] \k_o \jZ]h\´ Wibl_l dhlhjuc fh`gh ijbeh`blv b d Bg^j_ b d I_jmgm L _ ;h]Zf \jZ]h\ Dhlhju_ dZd ih^jZamf_\Z_l wlZ njZaZ [ueb g_ lhevdh \hbgZfb gh b kdZabl_eyfb i_\pZfb khojZgy\rbfb bklh jbq_kdmx iZfylv < hjb]bgZe_ ÀĸÄÓ ºÕÉÊ½ĂŠ½ [md\ Âł^he`gu magZlv´ l _ ÂłmagZ_f´ < hjb]bgZe_ g_kh[ex^_gb_ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ]eZ]hevguo \j_f_g


LZ \_^v Kmjh`v h]j_q_gZ b g_ [m^_l \h\k_ jmkkdhc B lZf ;h]b ]j_q_kdb_ b lZf `_ [ueZ gZf b kdhj[v gZrZ qlh ih[_`^_gu fu [ueb b ^jm]b_ \eZkl\h\Zlv klZeb gZfb Kug K\_lZ Bg^jZ lvfu \_^_l b _klv m gZk Ihfhsgbd <urgbc Âą Z ^j_\gb_ lh \j_f_gZ kmlv gZr_ [eZ]h H[j_lZ_f fu hl gbo l\_j^hklv gZrm b dj_ihklv qlh[u hl \_qZlv \jZ]Zf dZd gZ^e_`bl

i“BŠœ�… _ k ## _ k

L_ \j_f_gZ kmlv \_kvfZ ij_qbklu ihlhfm dZd lZdbf h[jZahf gZf ykgh B kmrv gZreZ gZ gZk kmjh\Zy LZd `blh g_ mjh^behkv b hllh]h lh ihreb fu gZ a_fex ^jm]mx b lZf m^_j`Zebkv JZa[blu [ueb Jmku =j_dZfb b Jhf_yfb b hgb ihreb ih [_j_]Zf fhjkdbf ^h Kmjh`b B lZf khl\hjbeb Kmjh`kdbc djZc ihlhfm dZd hg kheg_qguc ^Zgv hg \u ieZqb\Z_l Db_\m <hl Âą lh qlh [ueh kha^Zgh g_ ^he]h hgh ijh^he`Zehkv Z fu \_^v \_kvfZ kjZ`Zebkv B lml lh \ i_j\uc jZa \Zjy]b ijbreb gZ Jmkv B :kdhev^ kbehc k\h_c jZa]jhfbe dgyay gZr_]h b jZa[be _]hÂŤ :kdhev^ Z ihlhf b >bj mk_eky gZ^ gbfb dZd g_ijhr_ guc dgyav B hgb lh dgy`blv gZqZeb gZ^ gbfb gZ kZfhf lh ^_e_ [m^mqb \h`^yfb Z fu _s_ hklZgdb _]h ojZgbf H]g_[h] b hl ^hfZ lh]h hl\jZsZ_l ebd k\hc b hl gbo ih lhfm dZd [ueb l_ dgyavy =j_dZfb dj_s_gu :kdhev^ Âą l_fguc \hbg Z lZd ijhk\_s_g =j_dZfb qlh gbdZdbo Jmkh\ g_l Z kmlv hgb \Zj\Zju B lhfm fh`_f fu kf_ylvky ihlh fm dZd [ueb Dbfju lZd`_ Hlpu gZrb Z hgb lh Jhf__\ ljykeb b =j_dh\ jZaf_lZeb dZd ihjhkyl gZim]Zgguo

i“BŠœ�… w k ## w k

L_ \h`^b ^_ebeb dZ`^hfm ih ihlj_[_ : lml klZeh ih ^jm]hfm ?klv b ]^_ lh [_kihdhckl\Z : lhl :kdhev^ ijbg_k `_jl\u [h]Zf qm`bf Z g_ gZrbf Âą lZdh\u_ kmlv Hlpu gZrb b g_ ke_^m_l gZf [ulv ^jm]bfb : =j_db gZk ohl_eb dj_klblv qlh[u fu aZ[ueb ;h]h\ gZrbo b lZd h[jZlbebkv d gbf qlh[u \Zf \ ihjZ[hs_gbb [ulv Ihhkl_j_`_fky lh]h dZd IjZklZju_ Hlpu dh lhju_ ijhkl_jeb Kdmnv k\hx b g_ ^Zeb \hedZf obsgbqZlv h[ Z]gpZo dhlhju_ kmlv ^_lb Kmjvb Lhfm ljZ\Z a_e_gZy _klv agZd [h`_kdbc B gZ^h[gh gZf __ gZ[bjZlv \ ]hjrdb hkmjb\Zlv __ gZ khgfZo gZrbo ^Z[u iblv h ;h]Zo \h K\Zj]_ kbg_c b Hlpm gZr_fm >Z`^v[h]m `_jl\m l\hjblv b lZ gZ g_[_ lZd m`_ k\ys_ggZ \h klhevdh jZa

L _ Âł^_kyldb lukyq´ k\hbo \hbgh\ =eZ]he k\yadZ gZkl \j e fg q hlghkysbcky d keh\m Âł\j_f_gZ´ k_cqZk ]h\hjyl Âł_klv gZr_ [eZ]h´ Ih \k_c \b^bfhklb lml ijh^he`Z_lky l_fZ h ^j_\gbo \j_f_gZo ba ij_^u^ms_c njZau L _ \hafh`gh Âłihfgy h lhf qlh kemqbehkv \ ijhrehf gug_rg__ gZf ykgh b dZd \_klb k_[y´ =h\hjblky h ijZhlpZo >j_\g_jmkkd Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½Ă…ž Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½Ă… [md\ Âłkheg_qguc´ L _ ÂłgZ^ JmkZfb \ Db_\_´ GZf_dZ_lky gZ Âł:kdhev^h\m fh]bem´ L _ hl Âłl_o dgya_c´ >j_\gbc gZjh^ Jmkkdb_ \h`^b \ ^j_\ghklb Gugq_ L _ g_ ijbghkblv `_jl\ qm`bf [h]Zf Z k\hbf g_ aZ[u\Zy Bo ihlhfm dZd Hlpu Hgb gZrb L _ Z\lhj h[jZsZ_lky d kemrZl_eyf \ kfuke_ ÂłgZf k \Zfb´ L _ Âłijhkl_jeb beb jZkrbjbeb __ ij_^_eu´ B \ kfuke_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h h[jZah\Zgby b \ bkoh^ghf kfuke_ Âłihe_´ Jmku Âą K\_leu_ K\_lhghkgu_ L _ Âłkh[jZgbyo´


i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

KeZ\Z ;h]Zf gZrbf ?klv m gZk bklbggZy \_jZ dhlhjZy g_ lj_[m_l q_eh\_q_kdbo `_jl\ : lh ^_eZ_lky m \Zjy]h\ dhlhju_ bklbggh \k_]^Z kh\_jrZeb _z bf_gmy I_jmgZ IZjdmghf b _fm `_jl\m l\hjbeb GZf `_ ke_^m_l ihe_\mx `_jl\m ^Z\Zlv b hl ljm^h\ gZrbo ir_gZ fhehdZ b lm dh\ <_^v ih^dj_iey_f fu Dhey^m y]g_gdhf b \h \j_fy JmkZebc \ ^_gv Yjh\ lZd`_ b DjZkghc =hju Lh \_^v ^_eZ_f fu \ \hkihfbgZgb_ ]hj DZjiZlkdbo B \ lh \j_fy jh^ gZr a\Zeky DZji_gb : dZd klZeb fu `blv \ e_kZo lh bfy gZa\Zeb gZf >j_ \bqb Z gZ ihe_ fu bf_eb bfy Iheyg_ LZd \ ex[hf kemqZ_ qlh =j_db gZqgml ]h\hjblv gZ gZk qlh fu ijbghkbf \ `_jl\m ex^_c Âą Z lh eh`v ihlhfm dZd g_l lZdh]h gZ kZfhf ^_e_ b m gZk ^jm]b_ h[uqZb : lhl dlh ohq_l ih\j_^blv ^jm]bf ]h\hjbl g_^h[jh_ : k l_f ]emiuc g_ [hj_lky b lZdhc hg b _klv b ^jm]b_ ]h\hjyl lZd `_ >he]h mijZ\eyebkv fu jh^Zfb b KlZjpu jh^Z \k_]h reb jh^bq_c km^blv d I_ jmgm >j_\m B lZd`_ [u\Zeb \ ^_gv lZdhc i_j_^ hqZfb klZjrbo b]jbsZ B kbem fh eh^mx xghrb ihdZau\Zeb [ukljh oh^beb i_eb b ieykZeb Lh]^Z \hl b h]gbsZg_ oh ^beb gZ hohlm b ijbghkbeb ^bqbgm klZjpZf qlh jZa^_eyeb ijhqbf ex^yf B \heo\u `_jl\m l\hjbeb ;h]Zf \hko\Zeyy b keZ\m Bf j_deb <h \j_fy ` gZiZ^_gvy =hlh\ b ihy\e_gby \Zjy]h\ ba[bjZeb k_[_ dgya_c \h`^b B l_ xghr_c \_eb gZ k_qm gZ kmjh\mx : \hl Jhf_b gZ gZk ihkfhlj_eb b aZfukebeb g_^h[jh_ gZ gZk B ijbreb k dhe_k gbpZfb k\hbfb b `_e_aghc [jhg_c b m^Zjbeb gZ gZk B ihlhfm h[hjhgyebkv fu ^he]h hl gbo b hlh]gZeb

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

bo hl a_feb gZr_c b Jhf_b \_^Zxl dZd ^hjh`bf fu `bagvx k\h_c b hklZ\beb gZk gZ lhf LZd =j_db ohl_eb ihjZ[hlblv gZk \ Ohjkmg_ b [bebkv fu h`_klhq_ggh ijhlb\ jZ[kl\Z gZr_]h b [ueZ [hjv[Z b \hcgZ \_ebdZy ljb^pZlv e_l b hgb hklZ\beb gZk Lh]^Z =j_db ihreb gZ lhj`bsZ gZrb b kdZaZeb gZf h[f_gb\Zlv dhjh\ gZrbo gZ fZav b k_j_[jh ihlhfm dZd wlh gm`gh ^ey `_gsbg b ^_l_c B lZd f_gyebkv fu ihqlb gZ h^gm lhevdh kg_^v Ihke_ _s_ =j_db klj_fbebkv hkeZ[blv gZk Z lh ihjZ[hlblv klj_fb ebkv Gh ba aZ lh]h g_ hkeZ[bebkv fu b g_ ^Zeb a_feb gZr_c Âą dZd a_fex Ljhckdmx g_ ^Zeb Jhf_yf B ^Z g_ \klZg_l h[b^Z >Z`^v[h]h\uf \gmdZf dhlhju_ \h hjm `bb aZ \jZ]Zfb ke_^beb

< hjb]bgZe_ ÂłĂ‰Ăƒº¸ š¿½Ă„ Ă…¸Ă?½Ă„ ´ _keb [_a khdjZs_gby Âą Ă‰Ăƒ¸º¸ šĂ†¿½Ă„ Ă…¸Ă?½Ă„ @bjh\ beb kZeZ <h \j_fy ijZa^gbdZ Dhey^u hdheh ^_dZ[jy <_kghc L _ \ ijZa^gbd DjZkghc =hju iha`_ Âą ÂłDjZkghc =hjdb´ lZd`_ \_kghc L _ hg lZdbf b klZgh\blky L _ qe_gh\ jh^Z L _ d I_jmgh\m >j_\m <h_gguo ij_^\h^bl_e_c Ijh^he`_gb_ gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ L _ Ljhx A^_kv hlq_leb\h \b^gh dZd bf_gZ ^j_\gbo gZjh^h\ a^_kv :o_cp_\ aZf_gyxlky gZ bf_gZ gZjh^h\ kh\j_f_gguo jZkkdZaqbdm dhlhju_ ba\_klgu kemrZl_eyf a^_kv gZ Jhf__\ JmkZf Kj kh\j_f_ggh_ \ujZ`_gb_ Âł\h \k_hjm`bb´


B lZd b gugq_ g_ mgbabf lZd `_ Hlph\ gZrbo <hl \_^v m Kbg_]h fhjy kjm [beb hgb ^h [_j_]h\ =hlh\ l_o b h^_j`Zeb gZ^ gbfb ih[_^m I_kgb o\Zeu b FZl_jv ih_l lZ ij_djZkgZy IlbpZ dhlhjZy g_keZ h]hgv IjZ smjZf gZrbf \ ^hfZ bo B lZd `_ Z]gpZ ih^g_k_f ?c qlh[u gZf ijbg_keZ kbem qlh[u [ueh q_f \jZ]h\ ihjZajm[Zlv Z ihahj kh[Zqbc bf hklZ\blv Ihkfhljb `_ gZjh^ fhc dZdhc lu h[_ahiZk_gguc gZjh^ B \ lhf g_ hrb[_rvky km^y ih jZgZf l\hbf B g_ [jhkbrvky lu jy^blvky qlh[ fu k \Zfb \jZ]h\ ih]gZeb b hl [_^u ba[Z\bl_kv b `bagv ^jm]Zy [m^_l m \Zk Ihlhfm dZd [ueb fu k \Zfb ]hj ^ufb b g_ ih^qbgbebkv bf B [he__ ly`db_ ihjZ`_gby [m^ml aZ gZfb B fu ihke_ l_o lukyqb iylbklZ e_l Âą dZd fgh]b_ [u\Zeb m gZk [bl\u b \hcgu Âą Z \kz fu `b\u [eZ ]h^Zjy `_jl\_ xghr_c b \h_\h^

i“BŠœ�… \ k ## \ k

B lh]^Z g_ [ueh bgZq_ b k_]h^gy \hcgu [_^u ^hklZxl gZk B fh`_f fu hl[blvky hl \jZ]h\ B lZd _`_^g_\gh fu hl[b\Z_fky b \ayeb k_[_ lh b wlh <h i_j\uo iha\Zeb ih^ kly]b \h`^_c gZrbo Âą dhlhju_ _s_ g_ h[Z[bebkv Z kmlv ]_jhb Koh^bfky fu \hb klbgm gZ iehsZ^yo k\hbo b ]h\hjbf qlh ih ^jm]hfm g_ [m^_l Z fu ^he`gu b^lb gZ =j_dh\ dhlhjuo klZeh [hevr_ Fhe\beb fu \_^v ykgh b Bg^jZ b^_l aZ gZk dZd r_e aZ gZrbo Hg Hlph\ gZ Ljhc kdmx a_fex gZ Jhf__\ B [_^Z gZf dh]^Z [ \Zjy]b \_eb gZrbo \hbgh\ gZ lh dZd gZf kZfbf ba\_klgh Lukyqm e_l hl[b\Zebkv fu hl Jhf__\ b =hlh\ B KmjvyglZ k gZfb Gh g_ aZ[m ^_f dZd =hlu kh_^bgbebkv k =mggZfb gZ gZk B =ZeZj_o gZ[jhkbeky k iheghqb Z =mggu Âą hl ihem^gy B lml ieZdZeb JmkdheZgv b ;hjmkv ihkdhevdm =mggu \hhjm`Zeb =hlh\ Lml Jmku ih^gyebkv k\h_c kbehc b =mggh\ hljZabeb khl\hjyy djZc :glkdbc b Kdmnv Db_\kdmx : gugq_ hl k_q_c k_j^p_ gZr_ djh\hlhqbl k mljZ ^h \_q_jZ B oh^bf k \Zfb fu b jhgy_f ke_au h km^v[Zo `bagb gZr_c Hgb g_fh \ lhl qZk klhgml b lZd fu k \Zfb agZ_f qlh \j_fy ijb^_l qlh gZ k_qb ^he`gu fu oh^blv gZ \jZ]h\ Âą =j_db eb lh beb =mggu : bo lh fu ^he`gu hohfmlZlv b klj_gh`blv qlh[u g_ klZeh gZf \jZ]h\ dZd f_jahklb i_j_^ ]eZaZfb gZrbfb =ZeZj_o \_^v aZieZlbl aZ lh b fu ^he`gu ijbgm^blv Ohjkmgv aZieZlblv aZ ke_ au ^hq_j_c gZrbo m]gZgguo b kugh\_c \ jZ[kl\h \ayluo IeZlZ \_^v lZ Âą g_ k_j_[jygZy b g_ ahehlZy ihlhfm dZd hlk_qv bf ]heh\u Âą b gZ s_idb ihdjhrbf

L _ Âłg_ mgbabf g_^h[e_klgufb ^_ygbyfb´ Kbg__ fhj_ Âą :ah\kdh_ L _ Hlpu I_jkhgZ` <e_kdgb]b Ă„¸ĂŠ½Ăˆ½ ɺ¸ qlh i_j\h^blky dZd FZl_jv <k_o beb Ă„¸ĂŠ½Ăˆ½ ɺ¸ Ă‰Ăƒ¸º¸ Âą FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z <k_keZ\Z mihfbgZ_lky \ l_dklZo ihqlb iylv^_kyl jZa HgZ \_^_l b gZijZ\ey_l Jmkh\ L _ Âłb fu ih_f b FZl_jv´ < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ³ĂˆŸ¸´ Âą Âł]hj^ufb´ beb Âł]_jhyfb´ L _ Âłfu bo fbgm_f´ L _ gZ Ljhx L _ Âł;_^Z gZf dh]^Z [ \Zjy]b Z g_ gZr Bg^jZ \_eb gZk lh]^Z gZ Ljhckdmx a_fex´ Wlhl wibl_l KmjvyglZ Âą Kheg_qguc aZy fh`_l hlghkblvky d Bg^j_ beb d FZl_jb <k_o KeZ\_ \hafh`gh wlh Âą _s_ h^gZ nhjfZ bf_gb ÂłKmjvy´ Keh\h ÂłKdmnv´ \ ^Zgghf dhgl_dkl_ hagZqZ_l Âł^_j`Z\Z´ ÂłkljZgZ´ \ ^jm]bo Âą Âłkl_iv´ =j_q_kdmx Ohjkmgv


i“BŠœ�… ] k ## ] k

B lZd [m^_f fu hl jh^h\ l_o jh^u Ihlhfm dZd [j_r_l kmdZ ]j_q_kdZy ebk obljhklvx hl\_jgme gZk hl ljZ\u gZr_c b lh gZf ykgh qlh khegp_ gZf \j_^bl Lh \_^v gZrZ f_lZ ¹ mqblvky b g_ hl[jhkbf __ <_^v kimkly lukyqm ljbklZ e_l hl DZjiZlkdh]h bkoh^Z :kdhev^ aeh^_c ijbr_e gZ gZk Lml aZ]gmeky lu gZjh^ fhc hl lZdh]h eZ^Z b kdZaZ\ qlh ³ex[h´ ihr_e ih^ kly]b gZrb B aZsblZ lh lZ hl \jZ]h\ gZ Jmkb ¹ fh]mqbc K\Zjh] gZr Z g_ ;h]b ^jm]b_ : ihfbfh K\Zjh]Z g_l m gZk gbq_]h djhf_ kf_jlb ¹ b hgZ lh g_ kljZrgZ dheb fu j_rb ebkv K_ K\Zj]Z ah\_l gZk b b^_f d g_c B \_^v b^_f ihlhfm dZd FZl_jv <k_o ih_l i_kgv jZlgmx b gZf k \Zfb gZ^h[gh ijbkemrZlvky d g_c qlh[u gZf g_ _klv ljZ\u kdhl gZr =j_dZf hl^Z\Zy Z hgb gZf ¹ dZf_gvy qlh[ fu ]juaeb Z \_^v am[u m gZk dj_idb_ b hklju_ Hgb \_^v gZf ]h\hjyl qlh fu a\_jb b juqbf \ ghqb kljZo gZ\h^y gZ ex^_c ¹ dZdh\u_ kmlv =j_db <hijhkyl gZk gZjh^u qlh fu Z fu k \Zfb jZkkdZ`_f qlh fu ex^b g_l m dhlhjuo kh[kl\_g ghc kljZgu Z ijZ\yl gZfb =j_db ^Z \Zjy]b LZd b qlh ` jZkkdZ`_f ^_lyf gZrbf dhlh ju_ gZf [m^ml hl\_qZlv ie_\dhf \ ]eZaZ ¹ b ijZ\u [m^ml" <hl \_^v ^jm`bgu kh[jZeb fu k \Zfb ih^ kly]b gZrb b ]h\hjbf \kydhfm qlh g_l m gZk _^u b ijhiblZgb_ k_[_ gZ ihe_ [m^_f [jZlv B ]^_ hl[_j_f m =j_dh\ lh ih_^bf Z g_ hl[_j_f ¹ b _klv g_ [m^_f <_^v FZl_jv <k_o ih_l gZ^ gZfb b gZf gZ^h[gh kly]b gZrb ^Zlv \_ljZf lj_iZlv Z dhggbp_ ¹ kl_ivx kdZdZlv qlh[u gZf iuev ih^gylv \h_g gmx b \jZ]Zf ^Z^bf \^hogmlv __ < lhl ^_gv i_j\Zy [bl\Z ¹ gZrZ b [ueh m gZk ^\_klb m[bluo aZ Jmkv <_qgZy bf keZ\Z B b^_l d gZf gZjh^ Z g_l m gZk [heyj qlh[u ijbreb d gZf

i“BŠœ�… ^ k ## ^ k

b qlh[u fu kijZ\beb ljbagm keZ\gmx ih \jZ]Zf B khdheZfb gZe_lbf gZ Ohjkmgv qlh [u \aylv _^m b ^h[jh b kdhl ¹ gh g_ [jZlv \ ie_g =j_dh\ Hgb lh \_^v gZk agZxl dZd aeuo Z fu ^h[ju_ ¹ d Jmkb B lvfZ g_ [m^_l k gZfb ¹ gh k l_fb dhlhju_ qm`h_ [_jy ]h\hjyl qlh ^_eZxl ^h[jh_ B g_ [m^_f dZd l_ h^bg _klv <h_\h^Z gZr Ykguc b ih lhfm ihlsbfky gZ ljm^ gZr jZlguc qlh[u ih[_^blv \jZ]h\ ^h _^bgh]h DZd khdheu gZiZ^_f gZ gbo b [jhkbfky \ [bl\m kbevgmx Lh \_^v FZl_jv <k_o ih_l \h K\Zj]_ h ih^\b]Zo jZlguo B ihc^_f hl ^hfh\ k\hbo b [jhkbfky gZ \jZ]h\ qlh[u ^Zlv bf hl\_^Zlv jmkkdh]h f_qZ K_qZ ykgZy j_q_l qlh g_ gZ^h[gh gZf ^jm]h]h ^_eZlv Z ebrv b^lb \i_j_^ : ³gZaZ^´ g_ ^he`gu fu ]h\hjblv ihlhfm dZd g_l m gZk aZ^h\ lhevdh i_j_^u B [ukljh ihc^_f b dlh [ukljh b^_l [u kljh bf__l keZ\m Z dhlhjuc ihlbom b^_l lh \hjhgu gZ g_]h dZjdZxl b dmju d\hoqml Fu ¹ g_ ]h\y^u Z _kvfu Jmku qbklu_

L _ Âły\ey_fky´ =j_q_kdbc `_ L _ =j_db gZ lh gZf_dZxl qlh[u Jmku gZ k_\_j m[jZebkv L _ ÂłgZrZ oZjZdl_jgZy hlebqbl_evgZy q_jlZ´ l` Âłp_ev´ G_[_kguc ;h] <eZ^udZ G_[Z Âą K\Zj]b L _ ^jm]bo gZjh^h\ L _ Âłqlh aZ ex^b´ Ijh^he`_gb_ gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ ;h] L _ hlg_k_fky d g_fm k ihql_gb_f Hebp_l\hj_gb_ k_qb [bl\u ³Ă†ÂşĂ—ŸÆ´ Âą Âłdjmiguc jh]Zluc kdhl´ l _ Âłg_ kdhlu fu [_kkeh\_kgu_´


B wlh Âą ^jm]bf gZmq_gb_ qlh[u agZlv dZd IjZ\v _klv k gZfb Z GZ\b g_ [hbfky fu k \Zfb ihlhfm dZd m GZ\b g_l kbeu ijhlb\ gZk Ihlhfm gZ^h[gh gZf fheblv ;h]h\ h ihfhsb \ ljm^Zo gZrbo jZlguo b mk_j^kl\h\Zlv <hl \_^v FZl_jv <k_o [v_l djuevyfb h ljm^Zo jZlguo b keZ\_ \hbgZf dhlhju_ bkibeb \h^m `b\mx hl I_jmgbpu \ k_q_ `_klhdhc B lZ I_jmgbpZ e_lbl d gZf b hgZ jh] ^Z_l iheguc \h^u `b\hc h `bagb \_qghc ]_jhx gZr_fm dhlhjuc f_qZ \jZ`_kdh]h ihemqbe Z ]heh\m hljm[e_ggmx ihl_jye LZd kf_jlb g_l m gZk lZdbf gh `bagv \_^v \_qgZy Z \h`^b [jZlvy h [jZlvyo ljm`^Zxlky

i“BŠœ�… _ k ## _ k

: mfj_l ¹ b gZ em]Z K\Zjh]h\u b^_l Z lZf I_jmgbpZ j_q_l ³Lh \_^v gbdlh bghc Z Jmk ]_jhc Z g_ =j_d b gb \Zjy] Z keZ\guc jh^m keZ\gh]h B hg b^_l \hke_^ aZ i_gb_f FZl_j_\uf FZl_jb <k_o GZrbo gZ em]Z l\hb K\Zjh`_ \_ebdbc ´ B j_q_l _fm K\Zjh] ³B^b kug_ fhc d djZk_ wlhc \_qghc b lZf majbrv lu k\hbo ^_^Z b [Z[dm : hgb lh \ jZ^hklb b \_k_ebb l_[y majyl IeZdZeb hgb fgh]h ^hgug_ Z l_i_jv bf [m^_l \hajZ^h\Zlvky h `bagb l\h_c \_qghc ^h dhgpZ dhgph\ ´ : djZr_ lh]h qlh lZf fu g_ \_^Z_f DZd \hbgu ykgu_ p_ev m gZk bgZy g_ dZd m =j_dh\ ¹ b keZ\Z m gZk bgZy B lZd ^hc^_f ^h JZy gZr_]h b majbf p\_lu ij_djZkgu_ b ^_j_\vy b em]Z B gZf k\b\Zlv kghiu gZ iheyo l_o `blh m[bjZlv b yqf_gv \_ylv b ir_gh ijhkh kh[bjZlv \ aZdjhfZ K\Zjh`vb Lh \_^v [h]Zlkl\h bgh_ ¹ ihlhfm dZd a_fgh_ [ueh \h ijZo_ b [he_agyo b kljZ^Zgbyo ¹ b ^Z [m^ml fbjgufb ^gb _]h \_qgu_ : fu hklZ_fky gZ f_kl_ _]h b [v_fky kmjh\h b iZ^_f kh keZ\hx lm^Z ihc^_f dZd lhl <hl \_^v FZl_jv <k_o [v_l djuevyfb ih [hdZf k\hbf h[Zihe dZd \ha``_ggZy kby_l k\_lhf gZf B \kydh_ i_jh bgh_ djZkgh_ kbg__ ]hem[h_ `_elh_ b k_j_[jygh_ ahehlh_ b [_eh_ B HgZ \_^v kby_l dZd Khegp_ PZjv mf__l b \hdjm] b^_l ihkhehgv HgZ \_^v k\_lbl k_fvx djZkZfb dhlhju_ aZ\_lhf h ;h]Zo gZrbo klZeb : I_jmg ?_ maj_\ ]j_fbl \ g_[_ ykghf HgZ \_^v ¹ gZr_ kqZklv_ b lZd gZf gZ^h[gh \kx kbem hl^Zlv qlh[u fu m\b^_eb lh `_ b hlk_deb klZjmx `bagv gZrm hl gh\hc dZd jm[yl ^jh \Z \ ^hf_ h]gbsZgbgZ ijhklh]h FZl_jv KeZ\Z [v_l djuevyfb h iheu b b^_f ih^ kly]b gZrb Z hgb \_^v ¹ Kly ]b Ykgu_

I_jmgbpZ Âą ^_\Z \klj_qZxsZy \hbgh\ iZ\rbo aZ k\hx a_fex b b^msbo \ ihed I_jmgZ \ fbj_ K\Zjh]Z Âą K\Zj]_ L_dkl ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qdb y\gh y\ey_lky ijh^he`_gb_f ^Zgghc ih djZcg_c f_j_ ih kfukem L _ KeZ\ygbg Ă‰Ăƒ¸º½Ă… Âą keZ\guc ijhkeZ\e_gguc KeZ\ygbg A\Zl_evguc iZ^_` hl ÂłK\Zjh]´ ³×ÉËŽ´ ykgu_ \ ³ºĂ†½ ×ÉËŽ´ kbghgbfbqgh ÂłĂˆĂ‹Ă‰½´ p jmku_ k\_leu_ Jmku Jmkbqb L _ hlebqZ_fky hl =j_dh\ hlghr_gb_f b gZf_j_gb_f Beb ÂłBjZ´ Âą ÂłBj_y´ : lZf [eZ]h g_ij_oh^ys__ L _ iZ\r_]h \hbgZ L _ k h[_bo klhjhg ³Ç¸ ÉËÅÔ´ [md\ Âą \ke_^ aZ Khegp_f l _ ih gZijZ\e_gbx Âłoh^Z KhegpZ ih g_[m´ Khegp_ dZd dZ`_lky b^_l ih g_[m ke_\Z gZijZ\h ih qZkh\hc klj_ed_ dZd [u h[oh^y A_fex [m^mqb h[jZs_gguf d g_c k\h_c ijZ\hc klhjh ghc lh]^Z dZd \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb bf_ggh A_fey \jZsZ_lky ijhlb\ qZkh\hc klj_edb ÎŁ dZd b ih hj[bl_ \hdjm] KhegpZ B Khegp_ \b^bfh \jZsZ_lky lZd `_

A^_kv ihoh`_ qlh FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z hebp_l\hjy_l \ qZklghklb jZ^m]m jZ^m]Z ¹ jZc ^m]Z ¹ ³jZckdZy ^m]Z´ beb jZ ^m]Z ¹ ³kheg_qgZy beb jZ^hklgZy ^m]Z´ L _ ³ih [hdZf´


i“BŠœ�… w k ## w k

LZf I_jmg b^_l b ]heh\hc ahehlhc ljyk_l fhegbb jZkk_\Z_l \h K\Zj]m kbgxx b hgZ mdj_iey_lky hl gbo B FZl_jv KeZ\Z ih_l h ljm^Zo \kyq_kdbo jZlguo B gZf gZ^h[ gh ihkemrZlvky b ohl_lv [jZgb yjhklghc aZ Jmkv gZrm b K\yluo IjZhlp_\ gZrbo FZ l_jv KeZ\Z kby_l ^h h[eZdh\ dZd Khegp_ b ij_^\_sZ_l gZf ih[_^u b ]b[_ev Gh fu lh k \Zfb g_ [hbfky ihlhfm dZd ¹ lh `bagv a_fgZy Z \_^v _klv b `bagv \_qgZy B h lhf gZf gZ^h[gh aZ[hlblvky [hevr_ ihlhfm dZd a_fgh_ ijhlb\ g_z ¹ gbqlh Fu gZ a_fe_ dZd bkdju b bkq_ag_f \_^v \h lvf_ dZd [u gZk gbdh]^Z b g_ [ueh LZd keZ\Z gZrZ ihc^_l d FZl_jb KeZ\_ b ij_[m^_l \ G_c ^h dhgpZ dhgph\ a_fguo b bguo `bag_c Wlh m gZk k \Zfb ih k\hckdb g_ [hylvky kf_jlb ihlhfm dZd fu ¹ ihlhfdb KeZ\gu_ Z >Z`^v[h] ihjh^be gZk q_j_a dhjh\m A_fmgv B \hl fu DjZ\_g pu ¹ b Kdbnu :glu Jmku ;hjmkbgu b Kmjh`pu LZd fu hklZ_fky gZke_^gbdb Jmk kdb_ b k i_gb_f \_^v b^_f \h kb_ \ G_[h K\Zjh`v_ Kbg__ : \ klZjh_ \j_fy Ju[h_^u gZk hklZ\beb g_ `_eZy b^lb \ a_fex gZrm b kdZaZ eb qlh ^_ ³\_^v \Zf b lZd ohjhrh´ B kemqbehkv qlh ijhiZeb hgb \k_ b g_ ieh^bebkv k gZfb b i_j_f_jeb dZd g_ieh^gu_ gbq_]h hl gbo g_ hklZehkv B g_ agZ_f fu k \Zfb \hh[s_ h l_o Dhklh[hdb dhlhju_ L_ `^Zeb ihfhsb hl K\Zj]b kZfhc g_ klZeb \hl ljm^blvky b lZd`_ ^jm]h_ klZehkv BebjZfb ih]ehs_gu [ueb <hl \_^v ]h\hjbf fu \ ex[hf kemqZ_ ijZ\^Z qlh gb ^_kylb g_ hklZehkv hl h[hbo l_o b lZd Bebju [ueb ih ]ehs_gu gZfb b lZd g_l m gZk gb l_o gb wlbo LZd >me_[u [ueb gZfb ih\_jgmlu gZ ;hjmkv FZeh hklZehkv Bebjh\ b g_ hgb eb gZau\Zxlky Bevf_jpZfb b l_ \_^v mk_ebkv \hae_ ha_jZ : \hl <_g^u mk_ebkv ^Zevr_ Z Bevf_jpu hklZebkv lZf B lZd bo hklZehkv fZeh B j_q_lky \k_ Ihe_ gZr_ B [v_l \_^v djuevyfb FZl_jv <k_o b ih_l i_kgv d k_q_ B lZ ilbpZ Khegp_ PZjv g_ _klv Z HgZ hl Lh]h gZqZeZ [ulv

i“BŠœ�… ` k ## ` k

B lml agZlv gZf gZ^h[gh qlh[u jh^ Jmkkdbc kh[bjZeky \ ^_kyldb b ^_kyldb Âą \ khlgb b qlh[u l_ gZiZ^Zeb gZ \jZ]h\ qlh[u ibgZlv bo ]heh\u hljm[e_ggu_ B lZf aeh^__\ ihkqblZlv qlh[u a\_jb obsgbdb bo ih_\ ba^hoeb L_dml j_db \_ebdb_ gZ Jmkb b fgh]b_ \h^u `mjqZl ki_\u klZjh^Z\gb_ h l_o [hey jZo dhlhju_ g_ [hyebkv \ ihey ]hlkdb_ b^y b ]h^u fgh]b_ [bebkv aZ <hex Jmkkdmx L_ lh KeZ\gu_ gbq_]h g_ [_j_]eb gb `b\hlZ k\h_]h LZd ]h\hjbl h gbo ;_j_]bgy b [v_l djuevyfb FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z b ]h\hjbl h l_o ihlhfdZo dhlhju_ gb =j_dZf gb \Zjy]Zf g_ ih^^Z^mlky J_q_l lZ IlbpZ h ]_jhyo ;hjmkkdbo dhlhju_ hl Jhf__\ jmd iZeb hdheh >mgZy \hae_ Ljhygh\Z \ZeZ

A^_kv hlq_leb\h gZf_dZ_lky gZ m[_`^_gghklv gZrbo IjZhlp_\ \h fgh`_kl\_ `bag_c G_ ]h\hjblky h[ wlhf qZklh ihlhfm qlh b lZd \k_f wlh [ueh ba\_klgh ÂłĂ‚Ăˆ¸º¸ ¿½Ă„Ă‹Ă…Ă” ¿¸Ă„Ă‹Ă…Ă”´ Âą hebp_l\hj_gb_ jh`^Zxs_c A_feb Ihlhfdb Dhjh\u >j_\g__ ie_fy ih ]j_q_kdb ÂłfZkkZ]_lu´ kZgkdj fZlkvy beb fZlkvyZ^Z Âą \hkihfbgZgb_ h `bagb \ Kj_^g_c :abb < hjb]bgZe_ a^_kv ÂłK\Zj]Z´ dZd b \ kZgkdjbl_ fm`kdh]h jh^Z >j_\gbc gZjh^ `b\rbc \hae_ \iZ^_gby >mgZy m Q_jgh]h Jmkkdh]h fhjy Z ihke_ mr_^rbc gZ k_\_j < hjb]bgZe_ [md\ Âłgbdhlhjuo´ Beb Âłih\_jgmebkv hl gZk´ M Bevf_jkdh]h ha_jZ Bevf_gy AZiZ^gZy \_l\v keZ\yg `b\rb_ \h \j_f_gZ hibku\Z_fu_ \ dhgl_dkl_ \ qZklghklb m <_g_^kdh]h ;Zelbckdh]h

fhjy Kl_igZy b e_khkl_igZy ahgZ L _ hl KhegpZ PZjy QZklv kl_ib aZo\Zq_ggZy =hlZfb


: hgb [_a ljbagu e_]eb b Kljb[u l_ ieyrml h gbo ieZqml ih H\k_gx Z abfhc klm^_ghc ]jhohq_l h gbo `_ jz\ kl_ighc : ]hem[b ^bdb_ b lZd j_dml qlh ih]b[eb hgb kh keZ\hc Z g_ hklZ\beb a_feb k\h_c \jZ]Zf G_ fu eb kugu Âą ^Z b ihlhfdb Âą b g_ ih dbg_f lZd a_fex gZrm gb \Zjy]Zf gb =j_dZf Lml AZjy DjZkgZy b^_l d gZf dZd `_gZ [eZ]Zy b fhehdZ ^Z_l gZf \h kbem gZrm b dj_ihklv ^\m`bemx B lZd`_ keurblky gZf \_klgbd dhgguc kdZqmsbc d aZdZlm Kheg pZ qlh[u ]hlh\ [ue ?]h q_eg ahehlhc d ghqb B \e_dky \ha \heZfb kfbjgufb ih kl_ib kbg_c b lZf lh ey`_l Khegp_ kiZlv \ ghqb : ^_gv dh]^Z ijhc^_l gZklmibl \_q_j b y\blky ij_^ \_q_jhf \kZ^gbd \lhjhc b lZd hg Khegpm ]h\hjbl qlh \heu b \ha m` lZf b `^ml _]h gZ Imlb Fe_qghf qlh ijhebeZ \ kl_ib AZjy dhlhjmx ihlhjhibeZ FZlv

i“BŠœ�… a k ## a k

LZd fu b ]h\hjbf qlh _klv m gZk djZkgu_ \_gpu <_ju gZr_c b g_ gZ^h[gh qm`bo gZf ^h[b\Zlvky Lml dgyav gZr j_d qlh gZ^h[gh b^lb d [heyjZf ykguf gZf qlh[u fu ojZgbeb lh hl \jZ`_kdbo ih[_^ JZgvr_ beb iha`_ gh [m^_l dh]^Z gb[m^v lhfm dhg_p b [m^_l m gZk kbeZ gZrZ ih kl_ib FZl_jv Khegp_\Z k\hb Ă‰ĂŠĂˆĂ†½Ă…À× b djuevy jZkimkdZ_l h[Zihe L_eh \ k_j_^bg_ Z ]heh\Z k\_leh]h gZ ie_qZo _]h \h_\h^u keZ\gh]h dZdb_ g_ `Ze_xl k\_leu_ \ k_q_ ]heh\u k\h_c b hl l_o ^g_c m[_j_]ml __ Dh]^Z b S_dh b^_l gZ aZdZl khegpZ k \hbgZfb k\hbfb b Ohj\Zl [_j_l k\hbo \hb gh\ lh]^Z ^jm]mx qZklv B S_dh ihk_ebeky k JmkZfb B lZd k gbfb ih^_ebe bo a_feb b k gbfb JmkdheZgv hg khl\hjbe Dbc `_ \ Db_\_ mk_eky B _fm fu ih^qbgy_fky b k gbf \hh[s_ Jmkv kljhblky B lZd gZ gZk ^jm]Zy [m^_l kbeZ G_ ihc^_f fu k g_c Z k Jmkvx ihlhfm dZd _klv hgZ FZlv gZrZ Z fu Âą ?z \_^v ^_lb b [m^_f ^h dhgpZ fu aZ G_z

i“BŠœ�… k k

B lZd ijhf_`^m JmkZfb kh^_yeZky jZkijy b mkh[bpZ B @Zey \klZeZ f_`^m gb fb b klZeZ ieZdZlv b \u]h\Zjb\Zlv ^Z g_ b^_f aZ gbfb ihlhfm dZd lZf [m^_l gZf ih]b[_ev gZrZ b ^h`^_fky lZd ^h lhc ihju dZd hl gZk g_ [m^_l gbq_]h <kihfgbf `_ h lhf dZd \h \j_f_gZ Hj_y HlpZ [ue KeZ\guo jh^ _^bg : ihke_ Hj_y HlpZ _]h ljb kugZ jZa^_ebebkv gZljh_ B klZeh lZd `_ k <_g_^Zfb b JmkdheZgZfb qlh jZa^_ebebkv gZ ^\h_ Lh `_ b k ;hjmkZfb qlh jZahj\Zebkv gZ^\h_ Âą lZd m gZk m`_ ihqlb k ^_kylhd [m^_l Ihqlh `_ ]jy^u ]hjh^blv b h]hjh^u mkljZb\Zlv dhev gZf ^_eblvky ^h [_kdhg_qghklb" <_^v Jmkv _^bgZy lh lhevdh fh`_l Z g_ ^_kyldb Âą Z jh^bqb lh gZqZeb ^_eblvky

I_jkhgZ` mihfbgZ_fuc \h <e_kdgb]_ lhevdh h^bg jZa \hafh`gh wibl_l Zki_dl FZl_jb <k_o L _ kheg_qgZy ih\hadZ ih K\Zj]_ kbg_c L _ Fe_qguc imlv Âą fhehdh dhlhjh_ AZjy ijhebeZ L _ djZkgu_ \_gpu <_ju gZr_c L _ \jZ`_kdbf ih[_^Zf ih[_^bf b fu Kdhj__ \k_]h g_ ÂłFZl_jv KhegpZ´ Z ÂłFZl_jv Kheg_qgZy´ L _ dh]^Z S_dh ihr_e lh b Ohj\Zl \aye k\hbo b lh`_ ihr_e L _ ÂłgZiZ^_l beb gZc^_l gZ gZk´ ÂłJZkijy´ Âą jZa^hj f_`^m k\hbfb Âłmkh[bpZ´ Âą hl^_evgZy hlh \k_o `bagv ÂłgZ hkh[bpm´ hl ³žŽĂ‰´ ³žŽ¾º­´ ³žŽ¾º¡­´ Âą k\hz k\hy kh[kl\_gghklv ÂłHkh[bpZ´ Âą nhg_lbq_kdbc \ZjbZgl ^jm]h_ ijhbaghr_gb_ keh\Z Âłmkh[bpZ´ lZd `_ dZd ÂłmdjZbgZ´ Âą nhg_lbq_kdbc \ZjbZgl keh\Z ÂłhdjZbgZ´ L _ Âłqlh[ g_ oh^beb fu aZ l_fb hl dh]h mkh[bpZ´ Beb Âł<_g^Zfb´ L _ \ khklhygbb [hjhlvky b ih[_`^Zlv


: \jZ] gZiZe gZ gZk ^he`gu h[hjhgylvky fu dZd kdZaZgh Z g_ ]h\hjblv dZdhc hl_p m \Zk ?klv eb dhjh\ ^_kylhd ohlv m \Zk b ijhiZ^b ba aZ \jZ]Z ohlv kdhevdh lh bs_rv bo Lu \_^v _kb Âą ^Z b ij_[m^_rv \ Jh^_ ^h l\h_]h dhgpZ >_kyldb lukyqZfb k^_eZlvky ^he`gu Dh]^Z lh lhl H]e_g^y ih kl_iyf dhjh\ \h^be b lh]^Z keh\Z ]eZ]hebe fgh]b_ h jh^bqZo k\hbo b ihqblZe hg kZf k_[y ij_\ur_ IjZsmjh\ b Hj_y HlpZ LZdhc lh \j_^ l\hjblv g_ [m^_f lZdh\uf ihke_^my b ih lZdbf klhiZf \k_ g_ ihc^_f Ihke_ `_ =ZeZj_oZ l_ qlh hklZebkv =hlu mreb gZ iheghqv b lZf bkq_aeb b >_l_ j_o \_e bo b ihke_ `_ h gbo g_ agZ_f gbq_]h : ;_j_g^_b ijbreb d gZf b kdZaZeb qlh \_kvfZ bo Y]b ijbl_kgyxl qlh ih ]mgg kdbf klhiZf ihreb B lZd lhl ;_ehyj kdZaZe bf ih^h`^Zlv b d gbf ijbr_e b k lvfZfb iylvx ihr_e d gbf g_h`b^Zggh b Y]h\ jZa[be dhlhjuo gZ \k_ klhjhgu dZd [eZ`_gguo jZa [jhkZe B \aye dhjh\ bo b ]h\y^ bo Z ^hq_j_c xghr_c b klZjbdh\ gZijhqv i_j_[be ?kvfu fu Jmkbqb =hj^blvky gZf ijhbkoh`^_gb_f gZrbf gZ^h[gh b ^_j`Zkv h^bg ^jm]h]h [hjhlvky ^h kf_jlb ijZ\hc D lhfm _s_ fu \kihfgbf >bjZ lh _klv lh]h dhlhjuc gZ gZk gZiZe b jZa[be gZk aZ jZa^_eu gZrb b mkh[bpm : ihke_ \Zjy]b Wj_d k :k_dhf mk_ebkv gZ r_x gZrm b hijhlb\_eb ^h djZcghklb gZf ?kvfu ihlhfdb jh^Z keZ\gh]h fu qlh ijbr_e d Bev f_jpZf b mk_eky lZf ^h =hlh\ B \hl m` e_l b lukyqZ lhfm Ihreb gZ gZk Dheh lu k `_e_aZfb k\hbfb ih\klj_qZeb gZk Ih\hjhlbebkv hgb d aZoh^m KhegpZ Dhlhjh_ \h l\_j^hc jmd_ gZk ^_j`bl hl hjZeZ lh b ^h f_qZ b kljZo _fm gZ\h^bl gZ qj_keu hl gZr_c a_feb ijh]gZ\ : Bevf_jpu gZ lh ]ey^y g_ aZsbsZebkv \h\k_ b ijhiZeb Gbq_]h fu g_ fh]eb lml k^_eZlv bgh]h ihlhfm dZd Bevfu g_ ohl_eb gb `_e_aZ \ jmdb [jZlv k\hb gb aZsb sZlvky hl \jZ]h\ LZdh\u_ jh^u bkkhogmlv ^he`gu qlh[ mgZke_^h\Zeb bf ^jm]b_ =jhf ]j_fbl \h K\Zj]_ kbg_c b gZ^h[gh e_l_lv gZf gZ \jZ]h\ dZd eZklhqdb ]jh fhghkgu_ b [uklju_ b [ukljhlZ lZ Âą [ukljhlZ Jmkkdh]h gh\h]h f_qZ B p_ev m gZk bgZy gugq_ Âą qlh[ kl_iv aZ gZfb KdbnkdZy [ueZ : lh \kydb_ dlh [jh^bl \ g_c gZqZeb aeu fb klZgh\blvky b aZo\Zlu\Zlv m gZk dhjh\ Dhjh\u gZrb lZf oh^blv ^he`gu b gZrb jh^bqb `blv ^he`gu lZf ihlhfm dZd Dhehlu \q_jZrgb_ gug_ kmlv \Zjy]b b =j_db dhlhjuo gZau\Zxl lZd`_ WeebgZfb : dhfm lh [m^_l g_\^hf_d lZdbf lh [m^ms__ Âą dZ[ZeZ b jZ[kl\h H[hjhgyc lu A_fex Jmkkdmx b h[hjhgyc k_[y Z lh [ bguo [u g_ [u eh gZ r__ gZ l\h_c Z lh \jZ]b g_ ijhqv \_^v hohfmlZlv b ijb\yaZlv d \haZf b qlh[ ly gmeb bo lm^Z dm^Z qm`Zy ohq_l \eZklv Z g_ lm^Z dm^Z lu ohq_rv @Zey kZfZ \_ebdZy

L _ ÂłgZoh^brvky´ L _ \_^ml k_[y ih^h[gh bf Bfy dgyay L _ k iylvx lvfZfb \hbgh\ Mf_gvrbl mgbqb`bl hl Jxjbd b :kdhev^ \h <e_kdgb]_ ijb\h^blky b ihegZy nhjfZ bf_gb :kdhev^Z ¸Ă‰Ă‚Ă†ĂƒÂź A^_kv ha_jh Bevf_gv g_ mihfbgZ_lky ihwlhfm fh`gh ij_^iheh`blv qlh ih^ bf_g_f Ă€ĂƒĂ„¸ĂˆĂ€ĂŽĂ€½ lml bf_xlky \ \b^m Beebjbcpu Gh g_ h^bg eb b lhl `_ wlh gZjh^" LukyqZ e_l gZ ,; \ g w Âą k , \ ^h g w D_evlu \ ^j f_kl_ Ă‚Ă€½ĂƒĂŽĂ“ gh ^Ze__ Dhehlu mihfbgZxlky hljbpZl_evgh Z \ ^j f_kl_ D_evlu Ă‚Ă€½ĂƒĂŽĂ“ mihfb gZxlky \ qbke_ IjZhlp_\ L _ k `_e_aguf hjm`b_f L _ Âł\jZ]m´ Keh\h ÂżĂ’ĂƒĂ’ Âłaehc´ bf_eh h[sbc kfuke Âł^mjghc´ Âłiehohc´ Âł^mjgh ihklmiZxsbc´ Âłaeh^_c´ Âł\hj´ kj mdj Âłaeh^Lc´ Âą Âł\hj´ <e_kdgb]Z hlebqZ_l Weebgh\ hl =j_dh\ L _ Âł\hau´ Âą bghkdZaZl_evgh h[ b]_ aZo\Zlqbdh\

"

"


k DZjbghx lhfm dlh g_ ^hjZamf__l wlb keh\Z b =jhf _fm g_[_kguc qlh[u ih\_j]ky ^hem B dlh _^bgkl\_ggh \eZ^uq_kl\h\Zlv gZfb g_ hklZ\be Âą lZd wlh Ohjk gZr Âą b I_jmg Yjh DmiZeh EZ^h b >Z`^v[h] B dh]^Z DmiZeh ijb^_l \ \_gp_ kie_l_gghf ba \_l\_c a_e_guo b p\_lh\ ^Z b ieh^h\ qlh gZ ]eZ\_ ?]h \haeh`_g \ lhl `_ qZk gZf gZ ^h[gh ^Zezdh ^h >g_ijZ b ^h Jmkb kdZdZlv H kf_jlb fu k \Zfb ^mfZlv g_ klZg_f b ij_djZkgZ gZ ihe_ gZrZ `bagv FZl_jv KeZ\Z <k_o [v_l djuevyfb b gZ k_qm gZf b^lb j_q_l B gZ^h[gh b^lb b g_ ^h dmrZgbc _^u eZdhfh]h kZeZ Âą imklv ijb^_lky kiZlv gZf gZ a_fe_ kujhc b _klv a_ e_gmx ljZ\m ihdm^Z g_ [m^_l Jmkv \hevghc b kbevghc < lh \j_fy dZd =hlu reb k iheghqb =_jfZgj_o lml b =mggu b lZd hg ih^^_j`Ze ky bfb B m gZk lZd [ueh ^\Z \jZ]Z gZ ^\mo dhgpZo a_feb Lh]^Z `_ ;hehj_\ i_j_^ ljm^Zfb \_ebdbfb b aZkhfg_\Zeky Lml FZl_jv lh e_lysZy j_q_l _fm qlh i_j\__ gZf gZ^h[gh gZ =mggh\ iZklv b bo jZa[blv b ih\hjhlblvky gZ =hlh\ B lhl lZd ihklmib\ jZa[be l_o =mggh\ b ih\hjhlbeky gZ =hlh\ Z lZf kugZ =_jfZgj_oZ ih\_j] b mf_jl\be

i“BŠœ�… k

### k

DZd ]heh^ lh gZklZe b klZeb m[h]b fu b gbsb B jZa\_ qlh bgu_ `_e_aZ gZlhqZl b Bg^jm gZr_]h hllm^Z ba\_j]gml <hl \_^v :kdh b Wj_d ih G_ij_ oh^yl b gZrbo ah\ml ex^_c gZ [bl\m Gh ihlh fm dZd >bj m gbo g_ gZ^h[gh b^lb gZf d gbf <hl wlh lh imklv [m^_l gZf gZmdhc qlh[ mjZamf_eb fu k \Zfb hrb[db gZrb b [ueZ [ m gZk bgZy klZlv g_ dZd m gZrbo m \jZ]h\ <hl \_^v m :kdZ [ueb \hbgu k\hb bo ihkZ^be \ eZ^vb b ]jZ[blv bguo ihr_e qlh[u k l_fb gZ =j_dh\ ihclb jZahjblv bo ]hjh^Z b `_jl\u ijbg_klb ;h]Zf gZ bo a_fe_ Lh]^Z dZd \ kZfhf lh ^_e_ \kz wlh g_ lZd ihlhfm dZd :kdh g_ Jmkbq gh \Zjy] b p_ev _]h ^jm]Zy ihe_ lh Jmkkdh_ hg ihib jZ_l gZf b khl\hjyy aeh ih]b[_ev hg ihemqbl B Wj_d g_ Jmkbq Âą b wlhl ebk \ kl_iv b^_l obljblv b ih[b\Z_l ]hkl_c lhj]h\uo bguo dhlhju_ _fm lh ^h\_jbebkv GZ ih]j_[_gby klZju_ fu k \Zfb oh^bf b lZf ih^mfZ_f dZd gZrb IjZsmju ^urZl ih^ a_e_ghx ljZ\hc b lZf magZ_f aZ qlh b^lb b [ulv dZdbfb B lml \k_ jh^bqb ^_ebebkv Z dhfm ij_[ulv lh klZjrbf dlh ` ba gbo ih^Zklky d HlpZf b IjZhlpZf Ă„¸ĂˆĂ€Ă?½Ă…Ôɸ dlh ijhbkoh^bl hl gbo Z dlh hklZeky ijhkl_phf B k\ZjZ lZ \_ebdZy Jmkh\ h^he_eZ b ^h jZa^hjZ b jZa^_eZ ^hreb hgb B =j_db lZd ih ]gZeb bo Âą \_^v jZa\_ ` kbeu g_ [ueh [ m gbo dZd _keb [ [ueb hgb kp_ie_gu \ djm] b k neZg]Zfb <kyd h^bg klhbl b gZ khk_^_c k\hbo ih]ey^u\Z_l b hl wlh]h g_l \_ju m

DZjbgZ DZjugy ieZdZevsbpZ ;h`_kl\h K_cqZk [he__ h[uqgh_ \ujZ`_gb_ Âłih\_j]ky gbp´ L _ g_ i_j_klZe mijZ\eylv gZfb b ih\_e_\Zlv Bfy dgyay Ih Š<DÂŞ ÂłIhke_ mdZaZgby ghf_jZ ^hs_qdb \ kdh[dZo ijbibkZgh Âą ´ Beb ÂłlZd gba\_j]gml´" L` mf_gvrbl hl ¸Ă‰Ă‚Ă†ĂƒÂź kf \ur_ L _ k l_fb `_ kh k\hbfb \hbgZfb B `_jl\u gZrbf ;h]Zf hg g_ ijbg_k_l Dhlhju_ gZgyeb _]h ^ey k\h_c hojZgu ÂłIhjZafukebf´ ]h\hjyl gugq_ Iml_f lZdh]h jZa^mfvy Âą fuke_ggh]h k IjZsmjZfb h[s_gby ÂłMf_jrbf´ Âą L _ m dh]h g_ [ueh ^h[e_klguo ij_^dh\ L _ ÂłkkhjZ´ <hafh`gh \h_ggZy l_jfbgheh]by kfuke lhl qlh _keb [u m gbo [ueh _^bg_gb_ lh b kbeZ [u [ueZ < [bl\_

"


g_]h Âą \_ju qlh fm`_c [jhkZ_l \ k_qm LZd \ha\jZlbebkv b kkhjblvky gZqZeb h ihoh^_ dlh emqr_ ihjZabe Z dlh Ă?½Ă?½ĂˆĂ… < [ueu_ \j_f_gZ h ^jm]hf reZ h ih[_^_ j_qv : ihke_ `_ hiylv Âą h[ Hlph\ k\hbo ihoh^Zo LZd \_^v mgbqlh`_ggZy =hlZfb b =mggh\ a\_jkl\Zfb iZeZ JmkdheZgv B khl\hjb eZkv Db_\kdZy Jmkv lh]^Z b :glkdZy b =hlu mkljZrbebkv ihreb hllm^Z ijhqv ^h K\_ jyab DZd fu agZ_f K\_jyab kmlv ^\_ H^gZ <_g_^kdZy Z ^jm]Zy Âą =hlkdZy B lml lh =hlu ijb[ueb \ g__ B =hlu lZf mkbebebkv : <_g^u `_ hkeZ[bebkv lZd l_ ŸÆ ĂŠĂ”º¸ Lh]^Z @_f_g^u [ueb hdheh l_o b lh [ueb EblZ\Z b Befh a\Zeb hgb k_[y fu \_^v ah\_f bo Befju

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

<hl ijbe_l_eZ d gZf b k_eZ gZ ^_j_\h b ih_l ilbpZ b \kydh_ i_jh Âą bgh_ b kbyxl jZagu_ p\_lZ KlZeh b \ ghqb dZd ^g_f b i_kgb gZ [hjv[m b [bl\m ih_l hgZ ;b\Zebkv fu k \jZ]Zfb LZd \kihfgbf `_ h lhf dZdh\u Hlpu gZrb gug_ \h K\Zj]_ kbg_c b ]ey^yl gZ gZk b ohjhrh mkf_oZxlky kbf B lZd fu g_ h^gb k HlpZfb gZrbfb B ih^mfZ_f h ihfhsb I_jmgh\hc b \b^bf \hl dZd kdZq_l \h K\Zj]_ <_klgbd gZ dhg_ [_ehf B hg f_q \ha^\b]Z_l ^h g_[_k b jZa]hgy_l h[eZdZ b ]j_fbl ]jhf b l_q_l \h^Z `b\Zy gZ gZk B iv_f __ b[h hgZ \h \kydhf kemqZ_ hl K\Zjh]Z ^h gZk `bagbx l_ q_l B iv_f __ dZd bklhqgbd @bagb ;h`_kdhc gZ a_fe_ : \hl Dhjh\Z A_fmgy b^_l \ Ihey Kbgb_ b gZqbgZ_l _klv ljZ\m lm b Fhehdh ^Z_l B l_q_l wlh Fhehdh \h Oey[b b k\_lbl \ ghqb a\_a^Zfb gZ^ gZfb B lml Fh ehdh fu \b^bf kby_l hgh gZf Wlhl lh g_jZa[hjqb\h H L Imlv ijZ\uc Z bguo gZf g_ gZ^h[gh Lml qmc ihlhfhd keZ\m lm b ^_j`b k_j^p_ k\h_ h Jmkb dhlhjZy _klv b ij_[m^_l gZr_c a_fe_c B __ gZf gZ^h[gh h[hjhgylv hl \jZ]h\ b mf_j_lv aZ g__ dZd ^_gv mfb jZ_l [_a khegpZ Kmjvb Âą g_ ihlhfm qlh l_f_gv Z ihlhfm qlh \_q_j : mfbjZ_l \_q_j b \hl ghqv < ghqb <e_k b^_l \h K\Zj]_ ih Fhehdm G_[_kghfm b b^_l d K\hbf Q_jlh]Zf b gZ aZj_ ^hoh^bl ^h <hjhl LZf `^_f fu \k_ qlh[u aZi_lv b <e_kZ keZ\blv hl \_dZ b ^h \_dZ b OjZfbgm lm dhlhjZy [e_klbl h]gyfb fgh]bfb b ^_eZ_lky :]gp_f qbkluf <e_k \_^v mqbe ijZhlp_\ gZrbo a_fex iZoZlv b aeZdb k_ylv b `Zlv kghiu k\b\Zy \ iheyo kljZ^guo b klZ\blv Kghi m h]gbsZ b ihqblZlv _]h dZd ;h`_kl\_ggh]h HlpZ HlpZf gZrbf b FZl_jyf keZ\Z dhlhju_ gZk mqbeb h ;h]Zo gZrbo b \h^beb kl_ a_x ijZ\hx LZd b^_fl_ b g_ [m^_fl_ gZoe_[gbdZfb gh keZ\gufb JmkZfb dhlhju_ ;h]Zf KeZ\m \hki_\Zxl b lZd hgb KeZ\yg_ hllh]h

Âą

IjhfZaZe´

Âł

"

"

BgZq_ ³<_g^kdZy´ l _ ³<_g^h\´ ³Ba aZ lh]h´ E_lhibkgZy @fm^v ¹ Eblh\pu hdZau\Z_lky hgb `_ Befju Bevf_jpu ¹ Beebjbcpu ¹ "

Beb ÂłBevf_jpu´ L _ Âłwlbf´ Âłdhlhju_ lml´ L _ \ g_[_ \h K\Zj]_ Fe_qguc imlv GZ a_fe_ A^_kv b ^Ze__ ijbf_qZgby lZdh]h \b^Z Âą ba LH>JE l Š<DÂŞ A^_kv \hafh`gh ]h\hjblky h ^\b`_gbb g_dh_]h kha\_a^by ih bf_gb Âł<e_k´ ih g_[hk\h^m dhlhjh_ d mljm ^hklb ]Z_l \hklhdZ Hebp_l\hj_gb_ K\Zjh]Z ÂłĂ‰Ăƒ¸ºĂ‹Ă…½´ \ ÂłĂ‰Ăƒ¸ºĂ‹Ă…½ ĂˆĂ‹Ă‰½´ bf__l kfuke b ÂłKeZ\yg_´ b ÂłkeZ\gu_´ ÂłĂ‰Ăƒ¸ºĂ‹Ă…½´ Âą b dZd wibl_l ÂłkeZ\gu_´ b dZd bfy gZjh^Z ÂłKeZ\yg_´

"


Hl fhjkdbo [_j_]h\ fhjy =hlkdh]h reb fu ^h >g_ijZ Z gb]^_ g_ \b^u\Zeb [jh ^y]m ^jm]h]h lZdh]h dZd JmkZ : wlb lh =mggu b Yau hlh]gZgu LZd \_^v [ue m gZk [h eyjbg H]e_g^y dhlhjuc gZ^ gZfb ihk\bj_ikl\h\Ze b ^jZe gZk gZ qZklb Hl mljZ ^h mljZ \b^bf fu dZd b bgh_ ^mjgh_ ^_eZ_lky gZ Jmkb b `^_f qlh gZklZg_l ^h[jh_ Z \_^v g_ gZklZg_l hgh bgZq_ _keb kbem k\hx g_ kiehlbf b g_ \havf_f p_ev _^bgmx \ fukeb gZrb Wlh \_^v ]eZ]he_l \Zf ]hehk IjZhlp_\ B wlhfm \hgfbl_ ihlhfm dZd bgh]h g_ ^he`gu \u ^_eZlv Ihc^_f \ kl_iv gZrm b [m^_f [hjhlvky aZ `bagv gZrm dZd ]_jhb Z g_ dZd kdhlu [_kkeh\_kgu_ dhlhju_ gbq_]h g_ \_^Zxl : \hl DjZkgZy AZjy b^_l b dZf_gvy gb`_l gZ m[jZgkl\h k\h_ B ?_ fu ijb\_lkl\m _f hlh \k_]h k_j^pZ Âą dZd Jmku Z g_ dZd =j_db dhlhju_ g_ \_^Zxl h ;h]Zo gZrbo b j_ dml g_^h[jh_ g_\_`^u <_^v kZfb fu ghkbf bfy KeZ\u Z keZ\m bo ihdZ`_f gZ `_e_a_ bog_f ihc^_f fu k \Zfb b gZ f_q <hl \_^v b f_^\_^b \klZeb mkeurZ\ keZ\m lm Z he_gv kdZqmsbc hklZgZ\eb\Z_l ky b j_q_l ^jm]bf h JmkZo Âą wlb lh g_ m[vxl bo ijhklh lZd jZa\_ ih g_h[oh^bfhklb =j_db `_ \hxxl ih ijbohlb k\h_c : wlb lh Âą Jmku ]_jhckdb_ b ihoe_[dm ^Zxl g_ dZd =j_db dhlhjuc [_j_l Âą b aeh[blky gZ ^Zxs_]h Wlm lh keZ\m hjeu de_dhqml l_f b wlbf qlh Jmkbqb \hevgu b kbevgu ih kl_ib

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

Dh]^Z gZrb ijZsmju Kmjh`v kljhbeb gZqZeb =j_db g_db_ ijboh^blv lhj]h\ufb ]hklyfb gZ lhj`bsZ gZrb Ijb[u\ kfhlj_eb b m\b^_\ a_fex gZrm ihkueZeb d gZf fgh`_kl\h fheh^_`b b ^hfZ kljhbeb b ]hjh^Z ^ey f_g b lhj`bs B h^gZ`^u m\b^_eb fu \hbgh\ bo \hhjm`_gguo f_qZfb b \ [jhg_ b kdhjh gZrm a_fex ijb[jZeb hgb d jmdZf k\hbf b ih\_eb b]jm g_ lZd dZd fu B lml fu \b^bf ¹ =j_db ijZa^gu Z KeZ\yg_ jZ[kl\mxl gZ gbo B lZd gZrZ a_fey dhlhjZy q_luj_ \_dZ [ueZ gZrZ klZeZ ]j_q_kdhc B fu lZf ¹ dZd kh[Zdb qlh ih]hgyl gZk kdhjh dZfgyfb ijhqv hllm^Z B a_fey lZ h]j_qbeZkv LZd k_]h^gy fu k \Zfb ^he`gu ^hklZlv __ b djh\vx gZr_x iheblv qlh[u [ueZ hgZ gZf k \Zfb ieh^hjh^ghc b `bjghc E_lbl \h K\Zj]_ I_jmgbpZ b g_k_l jh] keZ\u qlh[u _]h bkibeb fu ^h ^gZ : ihe_ gZr_ ^he`gu fu k \Zfb hlh[jZlv m gZrbo m \jZ]h\ B I_jmgbpZ lZ j_q_l ³B dZd `_ Jmkbqb ijhkiZeb \u iZrgx lh k\hx" ;hjhlvky \u ^he`gu \ k_c ^_gv ´ : \hl b Kmjvy lZ j_q_l ³B^bl_ Jmkbqb b qlh `_ k wlbf \u ^_eZlv [m^_l_" B dm^Z ihc^_l_ ba djZy k\h_]h"´ LZd \_^v fu m^Zjbebkv h kl_gm lm b k^_eZeb fu k \Zfb ^ujm ^ey gZk b gZr_]h \k_]h b [m^_f m k_[y h^gb K_ Z dhfm I_jmg ijbkm^bl lhl [m^_l \ JZx _klv ibsm \_qgmx \h K\Zj]_ ihem qZ_fmx Ih]b[eb jZa\_ fu k_]h^gy b g_lm \jZl ^jm]bo m gZk qlh[ fu oh^beb `b\u fb" F_jl\ufb m` emqr_ [ulv q_f gZ qm`bo `b\ufb gZf jZ[kl\h\Zlv B gbdh]^Z \_^v hljhd g_ `b\_l emqr_ ih\_ebl_ey ohlv hg d g_fm b ohjhrh hlghkblky GZ^h[gh dgy a_c gZf gZrbo kemrZlvky b aZ\h_\u\Zlv gZqZlv a_fex gZrm dZd gZf hgb j_dml

L _ ³qlh gb ^_gv´ Ih\_ebl fg q hl ]e ³\gylv´ ³\gbfZlv´ l _ ³kemrZcl_ b ihcfbl_´ L _ ³gZr_ bfy KeZ\u´ GZjmr_gb_ kh]eZkh\Zgby ih qbkeZf ¹ \ bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ lZdZy hkh[_gghklv ^h\hevgh qZklZ \h Š<e_kdgb]_ª ¹ dZd b \ \_^bckdhf kZgkdjbl_ L _ ihemqblv ^h[blvky Dhlhjuc ^Z_lky I_jmgbp_c \hbgm iZ\r_fm \ [bl\_ L _ ³jZa\_ g_l m gZk \uoh^Z"´ L _ jZ[


Lh]^Z b BgljZ ijboh^bl d gZf qlh[ khojZgblv gZf kbem d ĂŠĂˆÂşĂ”Ă• b klhylv gZf dj_idh aZ ihe_ k\h_ H[hkljy_l \_^v KbeZ ;h`_kdZy gZrm b [m^_f g_ih[_^bfufb \ ihe_ fu klhylv Ijbg_k_f `_jl\u ;h]Zf k\hbf gZ jmr_gb_ bo Âą b ihjmrbf b l_o dhlhju_ _s_ oh^yl ]h]he_f Z ^he`gu [u ^hem [ulv ih\_j`_gu \h ijZo \h djh\b bo ?keb [ kdhevdh gb[m^v [blv ihkf_e__ gZf lZd =j_db gZiheh\bgm klZgml lZdbfb qlh g_ bf_xl kbeu lhc b \k_ h[Z[bebkv Z m lZdh\uo f_qb lh lhgdb_ b kh sblZfb e_] dbfb b [ukljh lZdb_ \u^uoZxlky b gZ a_fex db^Zxlky lml ih keZ[hklb k\h_c Ihlhfm dZd ihfhsb hl \Zkbe_\kh\ g_l bf b gZ aZsblm k\hx kZfbf \klZ\Zlv bf Lml Kmjh`v [m^_l gZrZ bguo Z [m^_l gZrZ b gbdh]h fu bogbo kemrZlv g_ ^he`gu =h\hjyl hgb qlh mklZgh\yl gZf k\h_ ibkvfh qlh[u _]h fu \ayeb b mljZlbeb k\h_ <kihfgb dZ lh]h lh \_^v BeZjZ qlh ohl_e mqblv ^_l_c lh gZrbo Z ijylZlvky _fm ijbrehkv \ ^hfZo l_o Âą [m^lh fu lh]h g_ agZeb mqbeky ` gZrbf ibkvf_gZf b dZd ;h]Zf gZrbf lj_[u lh mkljZb\Zlv B wlh ]h\hjx y \Zf `_ Ihijbl_ \u l_o =j_dh\ dZd ]h\hjx ihkdhevdm ykgh wlh fg_ b \b^_e y Dby gZr_]h HlpZ b hg kdZaZe fg_ qlh fu k \Zfb bo mgbqlh`Z_f Âą b mgbqlh`bf Ohjkmgv b f_jahklv ZfZkljb^kdmx b [m^_f fu k \Zfb \_ebdhc ^_j`Z\hc k dgyavyfb gZrbfb b ]hjh^Zfb \_ebdbfb b `_e_ahf [_a qbkeZ b [m^_l g_kq_lgh ih lhfdh\ gZrbo : =j_db mf_gvrZlky \ qbke_ b [m^ml gZ fbgmeh_ k\h_ ^b\blvky b ]heh \Zfb k\hbfb dZqZlv Kh^_cl_ lZd ihkdhevdm [m^ml gZf ]jhau fgh]b_ b ]jhfu ]jhohlZlv qj_^hx [_k ij_ju\gh ^jm] aZ ^jm]hf b^y B hdhgqZl_evgh lZd fu ih[_^bf khl\hjbf fu wlh gZ \_dZ fgh]b_ [eZ]h^Zjy ;h]Zf b gZk gbdlh g_ mgbqlh`bl DZd ev\u klhcl_ h^bg aZ h^gh]h b ^_j`bl_kv dgya_c k\hbo B [m^_l k \Zfb I_jmg b ih[_^u ^Zkl \Zf KeZ\Z ;h]Zf gZrbf ^h dhgpZ dhgph\ \_dh\ a_feb wlhc b ^h [eZ] \kyq_kdbo Jmkb Hlph\kdhc a_feb gZr_c B lZd [m^_l b[h l_ keh\Z bf__f fu hl ;h]h\

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

< lh \j_fy [ue ;h]mfbj fm` keZ\u b [ueh m g_]h ^\Z kugZ b ljb ^hq_jb Kdhl hgb \h^beb \ kl_iv b `beb lZf kj_^v ljZ\ \h \j_f_gZ Hlph\ B [ueb hgb ;h]Zf ih kemrgu b jZamfhf kf_leb\u B lZd `_ fZlv bo dhlhjZy a\ZeZkv KeZ\mgy dhlhjZy ^ey gbo ]hlh\beZ ihlj_[gh_

<ZjbZgl bf_gb ÂłBg^jZ´ L _ \jZ]h\ < hjb]bgZe_ mihlj_[e_gh keh\hkhq_lZgb_ ³ÂÆšĂ•Ă„ ÉÊ¸ĂŠĂ€´ Âą hl wlh]h `_ dhjgy b kh\j_f_gguc ]eZ]he Âłdh[_gblvky´ gh ihkdhevdm [md\Zevgh gZ kh\j_f_gguc yaud wlh b^bhfZlbq_kdh_ \ujZ`_gb_ g_ i_j_\_klb ijbrehkv \ujZ`_ gb_ baf_gblv hklZ\b\ ijbf_jguc kfuke L _ Âł\gba´ L _ Âłbguf ijbgZ^e_`bl k_cqZk´ =j_db <hafh`gh ]h\hjblky b h Dbjbee_ gh kdhj__ \k_]h ÂłBeZj´ Âą khdj hl ÂłBeeZjbhg´ l d \ jmkkdhf ]j_q hdhgqZgby h[uqgh himkdZxlky L _ dZd ijh\h^blv [h]hkem`_gb_ `_jl\hijbghr_gb_ L _ Âł\h K\Zj]_´ dZd gZf_dZ_l Z\lhj wlh]h l_dklZ :fZkljb^Z Âą gZ x`ghf [_j_]m Q_jgh]h fhjy ih k\_^_gbyf K E_kgh]h < hjb]bgZe_ Âłb l_ b ^jm]b_ kh_^bgylky gZqbgZy ^jm] ^jm]Z´ l _ dh]^Z h^gh [m^_l dhgqZlvky lhlqZk `_ gZqg_lky ^jm]h_ ³Æ ÊÆÀ Ă‘¸Ă‰´ Âą Âł\ lh \j_fy´ l _ \ ^j_\ghklb


B ]h\hjbl bf dZd lh ;h]mfbj ³<u ¹ K_fv >g_c Z fg_ gZ^h ^hq_j_c k\hbo hl ^Zlv b \gmdh\ ihkfhlj_lv´ B lZd kdZaZe aZijy] ih\hadm b ih_oZe dm^Z ]eZaZ ]ey^yl B ijb_oZe d ^m[m klZe \ ihe_ b hklZeky ghqvx m h]gbsZ k\h_]h B \b^bl \_q_jhf fm `b ljh_ gZ dhgyo gZijZ\eyxlky d g_fm B ]h\hjyl hgb ³A^jZ\ [m^v Q_]h lu bs_rv"´ Ih\_^Ze ;h]mfbj i_qZev k\hx : hgb `_ hl\_qZeb qlh kZfb \ ihoh^_ qlh[ `_g gZclb < kl_iv k\hx \_jgmeky ;h]mfbj b lj_o fm`_c hg ^hq_jyf \_^_l Hl wlh]h lh ljb jh^Z bahreb b keZ\gu_ [ueb Hl wlh]h lh ijhbkoh^yl >j_\ey g_ Djb\bqb b Iheyg_ ihlhfm qlh i_j\hc ^hq_jb ;h]mfbjZ bfy [ueh >j_\Z Z ^jm]hc ¹ Kdj_\Z b lj_lv_c ¹ Ihe_\Z Kugh\_c `_ ;h]mfbjZ [ueb bf_gZ K_\Z b feZ^r_]h ¹ Jmk Hl gbo ijhbkoh^yl K_\_jyg_ b Jmku Ljb `_ fm`Z [ueb ljb <_klgbdZ ¹ Mljh Ihem^_gguc b <_q_jgbc Khl\hjbebkv jh^u l_ gZ k_fb j_dZo ]^_ fu h[blZeb aZ fhj_f \ DjZ_ A_e_ghf dm^Z kdhl \h^beb ^j_\e_ ^h bkoh^Z d DZjiZlkdbf ]hjZf Lh [ueb l_ e_lZ aZ lukyqm ljb klZ ^h \j_f_gb =_jfZgj_oZ < l_ \j_f_gZ [ueZ \hcgZ \_ebdZy gZ [_j_]Zo fhjy =hlkdh]h b lZf IjZhlpu gZdb^Zeb dmj]Zg ba l_o dZfg_c [_euo ih^ dhlhjufb ih]j_[eb [heyj b \h`^_c k\hbo dhlhju_ \ k_q_ iZeb

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

Ijbreb hgb ba DjZy A_e_gh]h gZ fhj_ =hlkdh_ b lZf ihlhilZeb =hlh\ dhlhju_ gZf ihi_j_d imlb \klZeb B lZd [bebkv fu aZ a_feb l_ b aZ `bagv gZrm : ^h l_o ihj [ueb Hlpu gZrb gZ [_j_]Zo fhjy ih JZ j_d_ b k \_ebdbfb ljm^ghklyfb i_j_ijZ\beb \k_o ex^_c b kdhl gZ lhl [_j_] Ihreb d >hgm Z lZf =hlh\ m\b^Zeb ihc^y gZ ihe^_gv b =hlkdh_ fhj_ m\b^Zeb b =hlh\ \hhjm`_gguo ijhlb\ gbo klZ\rbo m\b^_eb b lZd ijbgm`^_gu [ueb kjZ`Zlvky aZ ijhiblZgb_ b `bagv k\hx ih lhfm dZd =mggu [ueb ih iylZf Hlph\ b gZiZeb gZ gbo ex^_c ih[b\Zeb b kdhl [jZeb B lZd jh^ KeZ\_g ^\bgmeky \ a_feb ]^_ Khegp_ \ ghqb kibl b ]^_ ljZ\u fgh ]b_ b em]Z lmqgu_ Z j_db ju[u ihegu b ]^_ gbdlh g_ mfbjZ_l =hlu \_^v [ueb _s_ \ A_e_ghf DjZx b g_fgh]h hi_j_^beb b^msbo Hlph\ JZ \_^v j_dZ \_ebdZ b hl^_ey_l gZk hl bguo ex^_c b l_q_l \ fhj_ NZjkbckdh_ Lml \_^v fm` jh^Z ;_ehyjZ ihr_e ih lm klhjhgm JZ j_db b ij_^mij_^be lZf Kbgv p_\ b^msbo d Njy`pZf qlh =mggu gZ hkljh\_ k\h_f b ih^`b^Zxl lhj]h\uo ]h

É½Ă„Ă” Ÿ½Ă…Ă„Ă“´ Âą [md\ Âł \u _kl_ k_fvx ^gyfb´ Âą l _ hgb y\eyxlky hebp_l\hj_gb_f k_fb ^g_c Âą \hafh`gh gZf_d gZ dZdhc lh fbn lZd`_ \hafh`gh gZf_d gZ lh qlh ljb ^gy kqblZebkv fm`kdbfb Z q_luj_ Âą `_gkdbfb M dhkljZ beb jblmZevgh]h hqZ]Z L _ ijhkeZ\bebkv Dhlhju_ hebp_l\hjyxlky lj_fy \kZ^gbdZfb dhggbdZfb QZs_ `_ dZd b \ bg^bckdhc \_^bckdhc ljZ^bpbb \u klmiZxl ^\Z \_klgbdZ Âą mlj_ggbc b \_q_jgbc Æ É½ŸĂ„Ă•ĂˆĂ•ĂŽĂ•Ă? Âą h \h gZ K_fbj_qv_ < lh \j_fy dZd hgb ijbreb ba K_fbj_qvy DZd h^gh \j_fy gZau\Zehkv Kmjh`kdh_ Âą Kheg_qgh_ :ah\kdh_ fhj_ beb qZklv _]h L_dkl ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qdb y\gh y\ey_lky ijh^he`_gb_f G_kh\iZ^_gb_ ebpZ lZd`_ \klj_qZ_lky \ l_dklZo <e_kdgb]b Ih imlb ba K_fbj_qvy L _ gZ k_\_jh \hklhqghf ih[_j_`v_ NZjkbckdh]h DZkibckdh]h fhjy ÂłLhl [_j_]´ ih hlghr_gbx d \hklhqghfm [_j_]m ]^_ hgb [ueb ^h wlhc i_j_ijZ\u L _ KeZ\ygkdbc L _ gZ aZiZ^ Dhlhju_ \hklhqg__ __ DblZcp_\ < lh \j_fy dhg_qgh Njy`p_\ kdhj__ \k_]h g_ [ueh gh gZa\Zgh lZd dZdh_ lh aZiZ^gh_ ie_fy ih ZgZeh]bb k gZ a\Zgbyfb kh\j_f_ggufb Z\lhjm

³Éʽ

"


kl_c qlh[u h[h[jZlv bo ;ueh lh aZ iheklZ e_l ^h :e^hj_oZ : _s_ ^j_\g__ [ue jh^ ;_ehyjZ kbevguf =mggkdb_ ]hklb h^_ebkv dZd fm`b ;_ehyjZ b kdZaZeb qlh ^Z^ml _fm k_j_[jh aZ lh b ^\Z dhgy ahehluo Hgb ihreb dm^Z lh \ ^jm]h_ f_klh b ba[_`Zeb m]jhau gZiZ^_gby =mggh\ b lZd ijhreb fbfh =hlh\ dhlhju_ lZd `_ k\bj_iu gZ G_ijy^\_ b gZ >g_ij_ : dgyavy bo g_ q_klgu b ^\Z`^u ^Zgv [_jml LZd \_^v ]hkl_c kiZkrboky m gZk hgb ih\_jgmeb \ a_fex Kbgvkdmx b g_ ijbreb hgb m` gbdh]^Z

i“BŠœ�… k ## k

;h]mfbjm \_^v ^Z\Zeb ;h]b [eZ]Z a_fgu_ Z lh]h m gZk g_l <hl dZd gZf [ueh ih ^jm]hfm B klZjrbo \ jh^Zo fu ba[bjZeb dgyavyfb dhlhju_ hl ^j_\gbo \j_f_g kmlv gZrb \h`^b GZgbfZeb fu jZa \k_ <_^v [ueb dgyavy ^he]h_ \j_fy B bo lh =j_db g_ ba\_eb b hgb klhyeb ^h dhgpZ dZd fm`b h[_sZgby b ihlhfm `_ jh^Zf gZ rbf gZ^h[gh qlh[u ^Z\Zeb fu ihlhfdZf bo qlh[u l_ mijZ\eyeb gZfbÂŤ : ihke_ ;h]mfbjZ [ueb Hjbc kh kugZfb k\hbfb : dh]^Z =mggu [hevrmx \hcgm gZqZeb aZ kha^Zgb_ k\h_c \_ebdhc a_feb lZd ihreb hgb ijhqv hllm^Z gZ Jmkv Gug_ ^jm]h_ \j_fy b gZf gZ^h[gh [jZlvky aZ ]m`b b lygmlv \i_j_^ qlh[ g_ ]h\h jbeb qlh hklZ\beb fu a_fex gZrm b aZgyeb ^jm]mx gh imklv ]h\hjyl qlh fu \_kvfZ kjZ`Z_fky aZ k_[y LZd ;hjmku g_ hklZ\eycl_ =j_dh\ gZ a_fe_ \Zr_c b kjZ`Zcl_kv aZ g_z < l_ \j_ f_gZ JZ j_dZ [ueZ ]jZgbp_c k ^jm]bfb a_feyfb Z k_]h^gy \ha`Z`^Zebkv \jZ]b gZrb gZ gZk b ijboh^blky gZf kjZ`Zlvky aZ \gmdh\ gZrbo qlh[u gZf m^_j`Zlv kl_iv gZrm b g_ ^Zlv a_feb ^jm]bf LZd gZf gZ^h[gh ih ^jm]hfm ^_eZlv Z g_ `_qv ^m[u gZ iheyo k\hbo b g_ k_ylv gZ gbo b g_ `Zlv `Zl\m gZ i_i_ebs_ ihlhfm dZd _klv m gZk kl_iv ljZ\gZy qlh[u kdhl \h^blv h[_j_]Zy _]h hl \jZ]h\

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

<hl ijbfbl_kv i_j\h_ Ljb]eZ\m ihdehgbl_kv Fu gZqbgZ_f b ?fm \_ebdmx keZ\m \hki_\Z_f <hko\Zey_f b K\Zjh]Z >_^Z ;h`by ihlhfm dZd `^_l Hg gZk Hg Âą Jh^m ;h`v_fm GZqZevgbd b \kyq_kdhfm jh^m Jh^gbd ba\_qguc dhlhjuc l_q_l e_lhf ba bklhqgbdZ K\h_]h Z abfhc `_ gbdh]^Z g_ aZf_jaZ_l B wlm \h^m `b\bl_evgmx dh]^Z fu iv_f h`b \hl\hjy_fky ^hdhe_ g_ ij_c^_f ihlhfm dZd fu \k_ d G_fm ihiZ^_f \ em]Z [eZ]h^Zl gu_ jZckdb_ >Z b ;h]m I_jmgm Âą =jhfh\_j`pm b ;h]m KjZ`_gby b ;hj_gby GZj_dZ_f ?]h fu @b\ysbf Y\e_gguf Âą b j_q_f ?fm g_ ij_djZsZlv \jZsZlv DheZ Âą b Dhlhjuc \_^_l gZk kl_a_x ijZ\hx gZ [jZgb b gZ ljbagu \_ebdb_ h \k_o iZ\rbo dhlhju_ b^ml d `bagb \_qghc \ \hckd_ I_jmgh\hf

Wlh keh\h kdhj__ \k_]h Âą hibkdZ \uiZ^Z_l ba dhgl_dklZ DZd b lh]^Z \ ^j_\ghklb L _ ÂłkiZkebkv hgb [eZ]h^Zjy gZf Z ba aZ l_o hgb b ih\_jgmeb \ a_fex Kbgvkdmx´ L _ Âłm gZk lh ih ^jm]hfm gug_´ L _ dgyavy dZd lZdh\u_ kms_kl\mxl m`_ ^he]h_ \j_fy L _ Âłfm`b keh\Z´ Âł\_jgu_ k\h_fm h[_sZgbx´ kj Âłq_eh\_d keh\Z´ B wlm ]jZgbpm \jZ]b g_ fh]eb e_]dh i_j_k_qv Ijbau\ \_jgmlvky d ^j_\gbf h[uqZyf b ^j_\g_fm h[jZam `bagb \ kl_iyo LjhbpZ ;h]h\ dZd kh\hdmighklv ^Ze__ ;h]b i_j_qbkeyxlky ih hl^_evghklb gh lZd`_ ih ljb Âą K\Zjh] I_jmg K\ylh\b^ b l ^ < l_dkl_ ^hs_qdb ]h\hjblky h Ljb]eZ\Zo <_ebdhf b FZeuo L _ klhbl gZ q_e_ \h ]eZ\_ ;h`v_]h Jh^Z iheZ]Zy _fm gZqZeh L _ Âł^hdhe_ gZrZ `bagv g_ ij_c^_l´ Fg q hl Ă‚Ă†ĂƒĂ† djm] dhe_kh \ kfuke_ pbdeu ]h^h\u_ djm]b


B ;h]m K\ylh\b^m keZ\m j_q_f fu <hl \hkklZ_l Hg ;h] IjZ\b b Y\b B ?]h fu \hki_\Z_f \ i_kgyo ihlhfm dZd _klv Hg K\_l B Bf m\b^_eb fu k\_l Ajbl_ \u Âą b km s_kl\m_l Y\v : Hg hl GZ\b gZk m[_j_]Z_l b ?fm o\Zem ih_f < q_klv ?]h ih_f fu ieyr_f b \au\Z_f d ;h]m gZr_fm ihlhfm dZd Hg A_fe_ Khegpm Kmg_ gZr_fm b A\_a^Zf >_j`Zl_ev b K\_lm Dj_ibl_ev L\hjbl_ keZ\m K\ylh\b^m \_ebdmx KeZ\Z ;h]m gZr_fm LZd khdjmrbl_kv k_j^p_f gZrbf b \hl Âą fu hlj_debkv hl ^mjguo ^_ygbc gZrbo b d >h[jm ijbreb fu k \Zfb K_ hljhdb k ijhs_gb_f h[gbf_fky B lZd \u ]h\hjbl_ <kz Khl\hjyxsbc ?]h \_^v \_^Zlv mf jZklhj]g_rv Âą Z ihqlh \hbklbgm" Fu \_^v jZamf__f wlh K_ lZcgZ \_ebdZy wlh _klv ihlhfm dZd b K\Zjh] I_jmg _klv b K\ylh\b^ : wlb \hl >\Z gZoh^ylky \h K\Zj]_ b k h[_bo __ klhjhg ;_eh[h] b Q_jgh[h] kjZ `Zxlky <hl \_^v lh b K\Zj]m ^_j`bl qlh[u lhfm K\ylh\b^m g_ [ulv ih\_j`_gm AZ l_fb >\mfy Âą Ohjk <e_k Kljb[h] ^_j`Zlky AZ gbfb Âą <ur_gv E_ev E_lbq

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

JZ^h]hs Dhey^h b Djur_gv : \hl aZ l_fb Âą >_j`Zl_ev Kb\uc Yj b >Z`^v[h] : \hl ^jm]b_ Âą ;_ehyj EZ^h DmiZeh K_gbq @blgbq <_gbq A_jgbq H\k_gbq Ijhkbq Klm^bq E_^bq b Exlbq : aZ l_fb Âą Ilbqbq A\_jbq Fbebq >h`^bq Ieh^bq Y]h^bq Iq_ebq b Jhklbq De_gqbq Ha_jbq <_ljbq Khehfbq =jb[bq Eh\bq ;_k_^bq Kg_`bq KljZ

Ihkdhevdm GZ\v Âą Âłlhl k\_l´ lh ^ey Âłwlh]h k\_lZ´ GZ\v \jZ`^_[gZ b ;h] K\_lZ h[_j_]Z_l hl g__ < l_dkl_ [md\ Âł?fm fu \hki_\Z_f ieyr_f´ Ih ^j_\g_jmkkdb ÉËŽ dZd b Ă‰Ă‹Ăˆ½ Ă‰Ă‹ĂˆĂ— qZs_ \k_]h `_gkdh]h jh^Z < kfuke_ ÂłihdZylvky hkhagZlv b i_j_klZlv ^_eZlv hrb[hqgh_ Âą ]j_rblv´ L _ Âł?]h ihagZlv Âą mf jZahj\_lky´ >Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihqlh Âą hgb lh \heo\u agZxl \_^v b mf bo g_ jZaju\Z_lky Ljb]eZ\ dZd b ex[Zy ^jm]Zy LjhbpZ Âą ?^bg b Ljhckl\_g dZd ;h] ?^bg b Fgh`_kl\_g nZdlbq_kdb Hg Âą \kz \h djm] b \gmljb qlh _klv KjZ`Zxsb_ky ijhlb\hiheh`ghklb ih^h[gh dblZckdbfm ihgylbx h Yg b Bgv dhlhju_ b bah[jZ`Zxlky nb]mjZfb [_ehc b q_jghc ho\Zlu\Zxsbfb ^jm] ^jm]Z b ij_^klZ\eyxsbfb H^gh P_eh_ Âą <_kv Fbj Âą <_kv K\_l dhlhjuc lml kbf\hebabjm_lky K\ylh\b^hf Ohjk Ohj Âą ;h] KhegpZ Kheg_qgh]h >bkdZ h^ghdhj_ggh_ k ^j_\g__]bi_lkdbf bf_g_f ;h]Z KhegpZ Ohjhf =hjhf +RU +RUXV ]^_ [md\Z Âł]´ ÂłK´ ijhbaghkblky njbdZlb\gh ÂłdZd ih mdjZbgkdb´ hl wlh]h `_ keh\Z Ohjk Ohj ijhbkoh^bl b [he__ iha^g__ Âłohjhrh´ l _ Âłkheg_qgh´ Âłij_djZkgh´ ;h] \ha^mrguo ijhklhjh\ hl kZgkdj VWUL ijhklbjZlvky Kj kZgkdj <brgm ;h] \_kgu fheh^hklb ex[\b Iha`_ wlh bfy mihfbgZ_lky lh \ fm`kdhf lh \ `_gkdhf jh^_ H^ghdhj_ggh_ k kZgkdj OLOD b]jZ <hafh`gh iZljhgbfbqgh_ hl E_lh E_lZ EZlh gZ EZ^Z EZ^h L_dkl wlhc ^hs_qdb Âą ijh^he`_gb_ ij_^u^ms_]h ;h`_kl\h jZ^hklb b m]hs_gby JZ^h]hs Dhey^h Djur_gv >_j`Zl_ev Kb\uc Yj >Z`^v[h] ;_ehyj EZ^h DmiZeh ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc lZd`_ b bf_gZ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ijZa^gbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ \k_ k_cqZk fh`gh hlh`^_kl\blv k dZdbfb eb[h hij_^_e_ggu fb ^ZlZfb Ă‚Ă†Ăƒ½Ă…ŸÆ p ;h`_kl\h =h^h\h]h PbdeZ Âą DheZ _`_]h^guc ijZa^gbd ]h^h\h]h pbdeZ Âą djm]Z Âą dheZ hl Ă‚Ă†ĂƒĂ† Âą djm] dhe_kh djm]h\h_ ^\b`_gb_ pbde Kj kZgkdj DjbrgZ Kj kZgkdj Rb\Z KZgkdjblkdhfm Ă„ Âł \ jmkkdhf qZklh khhl\_lkl\m_l ³ÄkÂł fy]dh_´ H ^jm]bo ;h]Zo ^Ze_dh g_ h[h \k_o l_i_jv ohlv qlh lh ba\_klgh Âą qZklh ^Z`_ bo bf_gZ gb]^_ [hevr_ g_ \klj_qZ xlky dZd gZijbf_j FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z ohly \ ^Zgghf l_dkl_ __ b g_l dZd b <_klgbdh\ Âą Mlj_gg_]h b <_q_jg_ ]h Âą \b^bfh hgb g_ \oh^beb \ Ljb]eZ\u dhlhju_ \ ^Zgghf l_dkl_ hl^_eyxlky lhqdhc k aZiylhc EZ^h Âą ;h`_kl\h eZ^Z ihjy^dZ ]Zjfhgbb DmiZeh Âą kj kZgkdj =hiZe wibl_l Djbrgu kj l` Djur_gv <h <e_kdgb]_ \uklmiZ_l dZd aZsblgbd mklZgh\bl_ev ihjy^dZ H nmgdpbyo ^Zevg_crbo ;h`_kl\ fh`gh ijb[ebabl_evgh ^h]Z^u\Zlvky ih bf_gZf

o

JRSDOD


gbq K\ylbq JZ^bq K\_lbq Dhjh\bq DjZkbq LjZ\bq Kl_[ebq : aZ l_fb Âą Jh^bq FZke_gbq @b\bq <_^bq Ebkl\bq P\_lbq <h^bq A\_a^bq =jhfbq K_fbq Ebibq Ju[bq ;_j_abq A_e_gbq =hjbq KljZ^bq KiZkbq Ebkl\h\_jabq Fukebq =hklbq JZ lbq KljZgbq Qmjbq Jh^bq : \hl kZf ih k_[_ H]g_[h] K_fZj]e Âą h[sbc yjuc [ukljhjh`^_gguc qbkluc B wlh Âą Ljb]eZ\u H[sb_ : kh \k_fb Gbfb b^b b lml lh hljhq_ hl\hjbrv \jZlZ l_ b \hc^_rv \ gbo Âą wlh \_^v ij_djZkguc Bjbc b lZf JZ j_dZ l_q_l hl^_eyy K\Zj]m hl Y\b : Qbkeh[h] kqblZ_l ^gb gZrb b j_q_l ;h]m qbkeZ \k_ Âą ^Z [ulv ^gx g_[_kghfm beb `_ [ulv ghqb b mkgmlv Wlhl \_^v _klv y\kdbc Z Lhl _klv \h ^g_ [h`_kdhf : \ ghqb g_l gbdh]h ebrv ;h] >_^ >m[ Kghi gZr KeZ\Z ;h]m I_jmgm H]g_dm^jhfm dhlhjuc klj_eu gZ \jZ]h\ f_q_l Z \_jguo ij_^ \_^_l kl_a_x b[h _klv Hg \hbgZf q_klv b km^ b dZd AeZlhjmg Fbehklb\ b <k_ijZ\_^_g _klv

i“BŠœ�… k ## k

Kmjv_ eb aZkbylv ih_f o\Zem ;h]Zf b H]gbsm I_jmgh\m Dhlhjuc ah\_lky =m [bl_e_f \jZ]h\ B j_q_f keZ\m \_ebdmx HlpZf gZrbf >_^Zf dhlhju_ kmlv \h K\Zj ]_ B j_q_f lZd ljb`^u b b^_f klZ^Z gZrb \_^_f gZ ljZ\u Dh]^Z \_klb bo gZ ^jm]mx kl_iv b^_f _klv ih ^hjh]_ o\Zem ;h]Zf \haghky keZ\m kih_f Âą b lZd ^h ihem^gy b j_ q_f keZ\m \_ebdmx Ohjkm AeZlhjmgghfm <jZsZxs_fm Dhe_kZ b kmjvygm iv_f Âą b lZd ^h m`bgZ : ihke_ m`bgZ dh]^Z m`_ h]gbsZ keh`_ggu_ aZ`b]Z_f b \_q_jgxx keZ \m ih_f >Z`^v[h]m gZr_fm Dhlhjuc j_q_lky IjZ^_^hf gZrbf B ihki_rZ_f hqbk lblvky B hfh\_gby khl\hjy b^_f dh kgm b lZf \_ebdZy g_h[tykgbfZy ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… k ## k

<hl mf Ă€¿º½Ăˆ¿½ĂŽ ojZ[jhklv mdj_ibe b hgb ihreb d Khegpm \hkoh^ys_fm k h[_bo klhjhg j_dm \b^y B lZf ihk_ebebkv ihlhfm dZd b FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z j_deZ Âą b HgZ k h[_bo klhjhg djuevyfb h\_yeZ bo Âą b lZd`_ [_j_qv a_fex lm b h[hjhgylv __ hl ^Zkh\ b =mggh\ lZd`_ gZ gbo lh h[jZlblv klj_eu k\hb b f_qb hllhq_ggu_

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

Ihlhfm dZd \hl \jZ] b^_l gZ gZk \havf_f f_qb b ih[_^bf J_q_gu FZl_jvx <k_o keh\Z qlh [m^ms__ gZr_ keZ\gh B b^_f fu gZ kf_jlv dZd gZ ijZa^gbd J_q_gh gZf h \j_f_gZo klZjuo dh]^Z [ueb m gZk ojZfu k\hb DZjiZlkdb_ b lZf [ueb m gZk lhj]h\u_ ]hklb klZju_ Âą =_jfZgu :jZ[u b ^jm]b_ <hl \_^v l_ ]hklb JZ ^h]hs_f qlbfu b lZd klZeb fu hl ^g_c l_o \klj_qZy ]hkl_c q_kl\h\Zlv bo b[h qlblv b

Kf kghkdm <_^bckdbc wibl_l :]gb Âą <Zcr\ZgZjZ ÂłijbgZ^e_`Zsbc \k_f ex^yf´ l _ Âłh[sbc ^ey \k_o ex^_c´ L _ hlghkblky d Y\b Âą iehlghfm nbabq_kdhfm fbjm Wibl_lu b hebp_l\hj_gby K\Zjh]Z L _ Âłdh]^Z Kmjvy \hl \hl aZkby_l \hkoh^y´ LjZ^bpbhgguc Zjbckdbc \_^bckdbc b Z\_klbckdbc wibl_l ;h]Z aZsblgbdZ qZs_ \k_]h Bg^ju ÂłĂ‚Ă†ĂƒĂ†ÂşĂˆĂŠĂ—Ă‘Ă‹´ Âą \jZsZxs_fm Ă‚Ă†Ăƒ¸ Âą DheZ <j_fyg Âą Pbdeu \j_f_gb ;md\ Âłkheg_qgmx´ l _ kmjbpm kmjm Kf kghkdm <jZ]b g_ijbyl_eb kh[bjZl_evgh ihwlhfm k fZehc [md\u L _ \ ^j_\ghklb


;h]b gZf ih\_e_eb b qlbf fu bo <hl \_^v \ayeb [u fu lh aZ mdZaZgb_ gZ \j_fy gZ r_ qlh[u gZf g_ hrb[blvky b HlpZf ihq_klv hdZaZlv G_ iZevpZfb ijZa^gufb klmqZeb fu h ^_j_\h gh l_ jmdb gZrb gZljm`_gu h iem]b gZrb b f_qZfb \ayeb fu g_aZ\bkbfhklv gZrm B hgZ gZf ih\_e_eZ b^lb gZ ]jZgbpu gZrb b kl_j_qv bo hl \jZ]h\ K_ ^ufu ih^gy\rb_ky ihreb d K\Zj]_ b hgb hagZqZxl i_qZev \_ebdmx hlpZf ^_lyf b fZl_jyf gZrbf B wlh Âą \j_fy [hjv[u [m^ms_c b g_ ^he`gu fu aZgbfZlvky ^jm]bfb ^_eZfb djhf_ dZd wlbfb <hl ijbreb \Zjy]b gZ >g_ij Z lZf \_^v fu \ayeb a_fex gZrm Z hgb lh b ijhqb_ ex^b b a_fex ih^ k\hb q_egu [jZlv klZeb GZ lh g_ ^he`gu fu kh]eZkblvky bgZq_ djhf_ dZd h f_q_ gZr_f Z Wj_dZ ijh]gZlv k a_f_ev gZrbo b lmjgmlv \ aZ^gbpm hldm ^Z hg b ijbr_e <hl ]jZgbpu gZrb \jZ]Zfb hdjm`_gu b a_fex gZrm ihibjZ_l \jZ] B lh Âą ^he] gZr bghc `_ jZlb g_ ohlbf <hl ^jm]hc \jZ] =_jfZgj_o b^_l gZ gZk hl ihemghqb lhl dhlhjuc \gmd \gmqhd Hlhj_oZ b [jhkZ_l gZ gZk \hbgh\ k\hbo k jh]Zfb gZ e[m <Zjy]b ]h\hjyl gZf b^lb gZ gbo B g_ ke_^m_l gZf \h_\Zlv bf_y bo k ^\mo klhjhg ihlhfm dZd hgb \jZ]b dZdb_ i_j \u_ Âą g_l jZa^_eZ f_`^m gbfb <hl Yau b^ml gZ gZk hl LZgZbkZ b LfmlhjhdZgb fhsgZy dhggbpZ b jZlb g_bkqbk ebfu_ B lvfZ aZ lvfhx g_k_lky b ^\b`_lky gZ gZk Ijhlb\ wlh]h g_ [ueh m gZk ^jm ]hc ihfhsb djhf_ dZd ;h]b \_e_eb gZf b fu m^_kyl_jbeb kbeu k\hb b ihg_kebkv gZ gbo <hl ;_eh[h] \_^_l gZrb jZlb b dhggbpm b lZf \b^_eb fu \her_[gbdh\ \ e_kZo [u\rbo b^msbo gZ jZlv b [_jmsbo f_qb B \b^_eb fu dm^_kgbdh\ qm^_kZ \_ebdb_ l\hjysbo Âą b ba ijZoZ ih^[jhr_ggh]h d K\Zj]_ \klZ\Zeb jZlb g_[_kgu_ B hgb g_kml ky gZ \jZ]h\ b \\_j]Zxl bo \ fh]bem B lZf fu \b^_eb dZd ilbpu \_ebdb_ e_lyl d gZf b [jhkZxlky gZ \jZ]h\ ;v_l djuevyfb FZl_jv <k_o b debq_l gZf qlh[u fu reb aZ a_fex gZrm b [bebkv aZ h]gbsZ ie_f_g gZrbo K_ hgb \_^v Âą Jmkkdb_ Ihki_rZcl_ [jZlvy gZrb ie_f_gZ aZ ie_f_gZfb jh^u aZ jh^Zfb b [_cl_ \jZ]h\ gZ a_fe_ gZr_c dhlhjZy ijbgZ^e_`bl gZf b gbdh]^Z Âą ^jm]bf LZf \_^v mfj_l_ Z g_ ih\_jg_l_ gZaZ^ Gbqlh \Zk g_ mkljZrbl gbqlh \Zf g_ klZg_lky ihlhfm dZd \u _kl_ \ jmdZo K\Zjh`vbo : Hg \Zk \_^_l \h \k_ ^gb d ih[_^Zf b ]_jhckl\m fgh]hfm

i“BŠœ�… Z k ## Z k

<hl KlZj]jZ^ hklZ\b\ ihreb hgb d Bevf_j ha_jm b lZf khl\hjbeb ]jZ^ ^jm]hc Gh\uc b lZf fu b k_cqZk ij_[u\Z_f B lml K\Zjh]m i_j\hfm IjZsmjm fh

L _ ihfgbeb [u b \ gZr_ \j_fy qlh lZd k_[y \_klb ;h]b ih\_e_eb Kb]gZevgu_ ^ufu hl klhjh`_\uo ihklh\ \hafh`gh b hl ]hjysbo k_e_gbc L _ lZdb_ kihju fh`gh j_rblv lhevdh f_qhf L _ ÂłaZo\Zlu\Zlv gbq_]h g_ ohlbf lhevdh aZsbsZlv Z lZdZy jZlv Âą ^he] gZr´ >_klydb lukyq beb bghkdZaZl_evgh g_bkqbkebfh_ dhebq_kl\h \hbgh\ b ahe < hjb]bgZe_ mihlj_[e_g ]eZ]he g_ kms_kl\mxsbc \ gZklhys__ \j_fy Ă„Ă†ÂťĂ“ĂƒĂ–ĂŠĂ” K\ylu_ hqZ]b Ebqguc ]eZ]he k\yadZ e fg q bgnbgblb\ Âł[ulv <hh[s_ ihkdhevdm \ l_dklZo <e_kdgb]_ ebph \ujZ`Z_lky ]eZ]hevguf hdhgqZgb_f ebqgu_ f_klhbf_gby ihqlb g_mihlj_[bl_evgub b wlb f_klhbf_gby ijbrehkv \ i_j_ \h^_ ^h[Z\blv =hjh^ ij_^r_kl\h\Z\rbc Gh\]hjh^m Âą Gh\hfm ]hjh^m Ij_^db Gug_ Bevf_gkdh_ ha_jh Gh\]hjh^


ebfky kj_^b bklhqgbdh\ Jh`Zgbp B ijhkbf lh]h >m[Z Dhj_gv Oe_[ gZr Âą K\Z jh]Z Dhlhjuc l\hjbl K\_l ;h] Hg _klv K\_lZ b ;h] IjZ\b b Y\b b GZ\b <_^v \hbklbgm _klv Hg m gZk b \hl BklbgZ gZrZ ij_h[hj_l kbeu kmf_j_qgu_ b d ;eZ]m Hg gZk ih\_^_l dZd b IjZhlp_\ \_e l\hjy h lhf <_eb hgb @_jl\u Dhgy ;_eh]h b \ureb ba djZy K_fbj_qvy m ]hj Bjbckdbo b AZ]hjvy lZf h[blZy \_d B lZdh\u_ hklZ\b\ ihreb gZ >\mj_qv_ jZa[beb l_o dhg gbp_c k\h_c b ^\bgmebkv \ a_fex Kbjbckdmx b lZf klZeb b ih^h`^Zeb Reb ]hjZfb \_ebdbfb b kg_]Zfb b ev^Zfb b hlhreb \ kl_iv b lZf ij_[u\Zeb kh klZ^Zfb k\h bfb B Kdmnv [ueZ i_j\hc IjZ\vx gZa\Zgghc Hlpu gZrb IjZhlpu \_eb k GZ\vx \hcgm \_ebdmx Z IjZ\v kbeu ^Z_l hlh]gZlv \jZ]h\ Eb[h reb k \hcghc lhc ^h ]hj DZj iZlkdbo b lZf [ueb k iylvx dgyavyfb gZ q_e_ b ]jZ^Zfb b k_eZfb h]gbsZgkdbfb b lhj`bsZfb [hevrbfb b ihl_kg_gu [ueb

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

=hlZfb dhlhju_ gZoh^bebkv d aZdZlm khegpZ b hllm^Z ihreb d khegpm d G_ij_ j_d_ B lZf fu \ayeb Db_\ mdj_ie_gguc ]hjh^ \ dhlhjhf `beb keZ\gu_ jh^u bgu_ B lZf ihk_ebebkv hgb b H]gbs_ k^_eZeb >m[m b Kghim dhlhjuc _klv K\Zjh] Âą IjZ smj gZr B \hl jZa gZiZe gZ gbo \jZ] gh\uc kh aehc k_q_c dhlhjuc djh\v KeZ\guo ibe B k jZlyfb k\hbfb mklj_fbeky Dbc gZ gbo B \b^_eb \h K\Zj]_ \hbgh\ l_o I_jmgh\uo \hbgh\ dhlhju_ gZ[jZku\Zebkv gZ gbo b ih[b\Zeb kbem bo b d g_[m ih^db^u\Zeb ih dZau\Zy aZ^u bo B \hl ie_fy Yah\ gZiZeh dZd lh gZ gbo b k_qZ [ueZ \_ebdZy b ÆÇĂ?Ă€žŸ½Ă…Æ bo ^h ihke_^g_]h B gZrb \hbgu \b^y lh ]h\hjbeb ÂłB ;h]b gZrb ]hgyl \jZ]h\ gZrbo´ K_ <ur_gv ]jy^_l gZ h[eZdZo d gZf b j_q_l Âł>_lb kljhcl_ k_c ]jZ^ \Zr b mdj_ieycl_ _]h kdhjh [m^_l_ hdjm`_gu ih \_kg_ bgufb \jZ]Zfb b [hjv[Z \ZrZ [m^_l kmjh\hc b [ukljhc B K\Zjh] ihre_l F_gy d \Zf <hl \_^v bf__l_ wlb kbeu g_[_k gu_ ke_\Z b kijZ\Z hl \Zk B Y lZd`_ kdZaZe \Zf qlh _keb ij_g_[j_]Z_l_ ;h]Zfb lZ dh\h \u h^gb ij_^ \jZ]Zfb´

@_gkdb_ ;h`_kl\Z >j_\g_jmkkdh_ Ă„Ă†ĂƒĂ€Ă?ÆÄ fh`gh i_j_\_klb dZd Âłijhkbf´ b dZd Âłfhebf aky´ A^_kv ykgh \b^gh qlh K\ylh\b^ Âą wibl_l b Zki_dl K\Zjh]Z L _ kha^Z\Zy ^ey wlh]h [eZ]hijbylkl\mxsb_ mkeh\by Ij_^db :jbckdbc h[jy^ hibkZgguc \ <_^Zo ih^ gZa\Zgb_f :r\Zf_^^oZ <b^bfh gZ l_jjblhjbb gug_rg_]h BjZgZ < F_`^mj_qv_ Âą F_khihlZfbx b^y ba Zjbckdbo h[eZkl_c x`gh]h BjZgZ Âą AZ]jhk ijb^y lm^Z k \hklhdZ qlh ih^l\_j`^Z_lky l_f qlh ^Ze__ hgb ihreb \ a_fex Kbjbckdmx DZ\dZa Âą L _ dhlhjmx IjZ\v gZa\ZeZ A^_kv \jZ]b hlh`^_kl\eyxlky g_ lhevdh k ^_fhgZfb gh b kh \k_c GZ\vx Ijh^he`_gb_ gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ Ih dhgl_dklm Âłihreb fu´ L _ d \hklhdm hl DZjiZlkdbo ]hj Ij_^db A^_kv h[tykgy_lky qlh >m[ Kghi b >_^ >_^ >m[ Kghi Âą K\Zjh] ƝÅÀѽ ÂŤ ŸËšĂ‹ ¸ ÉÒÅÇÆË Ă—Ă‚½ºĂ” ½Ă‰½ Ă‰ÂşĂˆÂť Ă‡Ăˆ¸Ă‘Ă†Ă‹ĂˆĂ” Ă…¸Ă?½ < ^jm]hf f_kl_ h[tykgy_lky b lh qlh >_^ Âą lh`_ wibl_l K\Zjh]Z <hafh`gh lml Ă‚Ă“½ fh`_l hagZqZlv b ÂłDbyg_´ Âą `bl_eb Db_\Z <hafh`gh Âłbklj_[e_gh bo´ l _ Âłhgb [ueb bklj_[e_gu´ <brgm ^ey ihfhsb K\hbf \_jguf y\ey_l :\ZlZju <b^bfh Âłk l_fb lh kbeZfb g_[_kgufb ke_\Z b kijZ\Z hl \Zk h^he__l_ \jZ]h\´

"


i“BŠœ�… k ## Z k

<e_kdgb]m kbx ihk\ylbf ;h]m gZr_fm <_^v Hg ¹ Ijb[_`bs_ b KbeZ <h \j_f_gZ hgu [ue fm` b [ue hg [eZ] b ijZ\_^_g b a\Zeky Hlphf Lb\_jkdbf b `_gm b ^\mo ^hq_j_c bf_e ;ue m gbo kdhl ¹ dhjh\u b fgh]h h\_p K gbfb hg [ue \ kl_iyo b h^gZ`^u g_ bf_y fm`_c ^ey ^hq_j_c k\hbo h lhf ijhkbe ;h]h\ qlh[u jh^ _]h g_ ij_k_dky B >Z`^v[h] mkeurZe fhev[m lm b ih fhev[_ ^Z_l _fm ijhkbfh_ ihlh fm dZd lhfm m` [ue kjhd K_ f_`^m gZfb ]jy^_l Hg b gZ^e_`bl gZf iZklv gbp k_ qlbf fu Ykgh]h Lml ;h] <e_k hljhdZ g_k_l <hl d G_fm fu ]jy^_f b gZ^e_`bl gZf ihiZklv d ;h]Zf gZrbf Z lhfm b \ha]eZ rZ_f fu o\Zem ³;m^v [eZ]hkeh\_g <h`^v b gug_ b ijbkgh b hl \_dZ b ^h \_dZ´ Ijh\ha]eZr_gh kb_ dm^_kgbdZfb b ijhqv hgb ihreb qlh[u gZaZ^ \_jgmlvky

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

<hl [ue dgyav KeZ\_g k [jZlhf k\hbf Kdbnhf B \hl h \hcg_ [hevrhc magZeb hgb gZ \hklhd_ b \hl hg b ]h\hjbl ÂłIhc^_f \ a_fex Bevf_jkdmx b gZ >mgZc ´ B lZd b k^_eZe b klZjrbc kugZ lh k\h_]h hklZ\be m klZjpZ Bevf_jZ Ihke_ lh]h hlijZ \beky gZ iheghqv b lZf k\hc ]hjh^ KeZ\_g khl\hjbe : \hl [jZl _]h Kdbn m fhjy [ue : m klZjr_]h lh kug [ue <_g^ Z ihke_ g_]h \gmq_d [ue Dbk_d qlh \eZ^_e kl_ ivx ihem^_gghc B djh\v fgh]Zy lZf ebeZkv b \hl lZdZy [ueZ \hcgZ \_ebdZy aZ \kz lh b k\bj_i kl\h\ZeZ ih h[_bf klhjhgZf >mgZy Âą ^h ]hj Jmkkdbo b ^h iZkl[bs DZjiZlkdbo B ijh \ha]eZkbeb lZf DheZ qlh[u [ue hg \h`^_f bf b \jZ]Zf lZd hlihj ^Z\Ze B \hl gZg_k hg m^Zj bf b hl[jhkbe hl k_[y B \hl jh^hf l_f ijh\ha]eZkbeb hgb b <_q_ kha\Zeb _^bgh_ qlh[u khl\hjblv a_fex gZrm B lZd klhyeZ lZ a_fey iylvkhl e_l B \hl \ke_^ aZ l_f hldjueZkv f_`^m JmkbqZfb mkh[bpZ b \jZ`^h\Zeb hgb b kbem ihl_jyeb ihlhfm dZd [ueb m gbo kluqdb b ÂşĂ’ÂżĂ’Ăƒ¸ž Ÿ½Ă…Ă€½ ɺ½ B lZd`_ ijbreb \jZ]b gZ Hlph\ gZrbo k ihem^gy b ih]gZeb bo k Db_\kdhc a_feb hl ih[_j_`vy fhjkdh]h b kl_ib B \hl ^\bgmebkv hgb gZ iheghqv b \klj_lbebkv k Njy`pZfb dhlhju_ lZd`_ reb gZ ihfhsv \jZ]Zf B \hl Hlpu Kdmnb \ayebkv b kjZab ebkv k \jZ`_kdhc kbehc b __ jZa[beb B \hl l_ [ueb =mggu kijZ\Z hl Jmkkdhc kl_ib b

?^bgkl\_gguc l_dkl dhlhjuc m^Zehkv \u\_jblv ih bf_xs_cky nhlh]jZnbb ^hs_qdb < hjb]bgZe_ ÂşĂƒ½Ă‰Ă‚ÅÀÆ qlh fh`_l [ulv ijhqblZgh dZd khdjZs_gb_ hl ÂşĂƒ½Ă‰Ă‚ÅÀÆË Âą Âł<e_kdgb]m´ <hafh`gh lZd wlZ dgb]Z b gZau\ZeZkv Eb[h `_ wlh khdjZs_gb_ ke_^m_l qblZlv dZd ÂşĂƒ½Ă‰Ă†ÂşĂ€ ÂÅÀÆË Âą Âł<e_km dgb]m´ Ij_^klZ\ey_lky qlh Š<e_kdgb]ZÂŞ Âą ^ey ^Zgghc dgb]b gZa\Zgb_ gZb[he__ ih^oh^ys__ b khhl\_lkl\m_l wiho_ L _ Âłg_dh]^Z´ beb Âłdh]^Z lh´ Ih ij_^u^ms_fm dhgl_dklm Âą >Z`^v[h] <hafh`gh lZd`_ qlh Âł>Z`^v[h]´ Âą h^bg ba wibl_lh\ <e_kZ b \ k\hx hq_j_^v wibl_l ?^bgh]h \h \kydhf kemqZ_ \h <e_kdgb]_ ]h\hjblky qlh ;h] ?^bg b Fgh`_kl\_g < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ÂşĂˆž½ĂŠ½ ɽ l _ [md\ Âłih\_j]gmlvky´ Wlhl wibah^ mihfbgZ_lky b \ FZamjbgkdhf e_lhibkp_ BhZdbfh\kdZy e_lhibkv i_j_kdZau\Z_fZy LZlbs_\uf kf ŠFbnu ^j_\gbo keZ\ygÂŞ k i_j_^Z_l wlhl wibah^ ihqlb [md\Zevgh lZd `_ A^_kv ]h\hjblky h klZjhc Bevf_jkdhc a_fe_ m >g_ijh[m]kdh]h ebfZgZ ]j_q ÂłebfZg´ b _klv ih ^j_\g_jmkkdb Âłbevf_j´ beb Âłbevf_gv´ m Emdhfhjvy ĂƒĂ‹ĂŽ½Ă„Ă†Ăˆ½ Âą ÂłemdZ ba]b[ fhjy hldm^Z Bevf_jpu iha`_ i_j_reb gZ k_ \_j L` ÂłgZ [_j_]m >mgZy klhyeb <ur_]jZ^ b Gh\]hjh^ I_qb kh\j_f_gguc I_rl WlZ h[eZklv <_g]jbb \iehlv ^h ² ]h^h\ gZau\ZeZkv Gh\h =jZ^hf ´ L _ \hcgZ [ueZ gZ \hklhd_ Z hg ihr_e \ Bevf_gkdmx a_fex b gZ >mgZc Âą gZ aZiZ^ >j kh\j_f_gguc \ZjbZgl Âą ÂłKeZ\_gkd´ beb ÂłKeZ\ygkd´ Wlh kdhj__ \k_]h b _klv ij_^r_kl\_ggbd Gh\]hjh^Z <_ebdh]h LZd`_ Dbkvdh Dur_d L _ \ukdZaZebkv qlh[u kha\Zlv _^bgh_ <_q_ DZjiZlkdmx Jmkv


lhl jZa hgb hl[jhr_gu [ueb Wlh gZf agZd b

qlh lh `_ gZf gZ^h[gh b gug_ k^_eZlv

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

lm^Z \ha\jZlblvky LZd kl_igu_ iZkl[bsZ gZf gZ^h[gh ojZgblv dZd Hlpu gZrb b IjZ hlpu dhlhju_ iZkl[bsZ \ayeb kl_iv \_^v m gbo k\hy [ueZ b k_ ljZ\u \k_ b p\_lu ojZgblv mf_eb ihlhfm dZd djh\v k\hx lZf ebeb LZd \hl =hemgv gZrm hklZ\beb \jZ]Zf B lZ =hemgv djm]hf [ueZ qlh[u \ g_]h \jZ]h\ eh\blv dhlhju_ ls_lgh gZijhlb\ klhyeb B ]_jh_\ \hbgh\ gZrbo djm]hf klZ \blv gZf gZ^h dZd b Hlpu gZrb dhlhju_ [h^jh [bebkv aZ a_fex gZ dZ`^hf rZ]m : gZa_fv iZ^ml b p_emxl __ b lZf b mfbjZxl : \kiylv `_ \hbgu g_ reb Dm^Z ih^Zlvky \ l_ ^gb dh]^Z g_ [ueh m gZk gb]^_ m[_`bsZ" B j_q_f fu h lhf dZd b Hlpu gZrb b [hj_fky : _keb ihjZ`_gu [u\Zeb Âą k_ I_jmg_p ijboh^bl d gZf B Hg ih\_^_l gZk Âą b \hl kdhevdh ijZom gZ a_fe_ lZd klhev dh `_ b \hbgh\ K\Zj`_gkdbo Bf ihfhsv [u\ZeZ hl jZl_c b^msbo k h[eZdh\ gZ a_fex B k_ >_^ gZr >Z`^v[h] gZ q_e_ bo B dh]^Z `_ Hg g_ ih[_`^Ze lZd" >Z jZa\_ b fu g_ h[hj_f" >Z lh]h \hh[s_ g_ fh`_l [ulv B \hl j_q_f fhebl\m fu ;h]Zf gZrbf qlh[u L_f gZf ihki_rblv gZ \kihfh`_gb_ b ^Zlv ih[_^m gZ^ \jZ]hf fh]mqbf B qlh fu gZ lh ihlhfm dZd a_fey gZrZ ih^Z\e_gZ ÉǸÊÅÀ½Ă„¸ gh] \jZ`_kdbo B lZd kfhlj_lv gZ l_o [m^_f dlh \hdjm] gZrbo b gZiZ^_f gZ gbo b jZah[v_f b dbg_f \ ]jyav bo b g_ klZg_f h[jZsZlv \gbfZgby b gZ jZgu gZg_k_ggu_ \jZ]Zfb ih dm^Z g_ m[v_f gZiZ\rbo <hl lZd ]h\hjbf fu \Zf

i“BŠœ�… \ k # Z k

Dh]^Z lZd j_d lh Dbk_d ex^yf k\hbf \h \j_fy gZiZ^_gby b hf_ja_eb bf \jZ]b b ihfqZebkv hgb gZ gbo b bo jZa[beb <hl ihemqbeb fu agZd lhc fhsb b g_ fh]eb fu h[ty\blv _]h <hl [ueZ keZ[hklv b \hl ihemqbeb fu kbem B gZk fgh]h Z \jZ]h\ g_ lZd fgh]h dZd gZk B fu ¹ Jmkbqb Z \jZ]b ¹ g_l B ]^_ ijheblZ djh\v gZrZ lZf gZrZ a_f ey B wlh \jZ]b agZxl b \hl gZk kljZrZlky B \hl klZjhklv bo gbqlh`gZ [m^_l dZd lh [ueh \ klZju_ \j_f_gZ Hlph\ gZrbo KdZ`_f _s_ keh\Z l_ g_aZiZfylgu_ qlh[u gZf gb _^bgh_ ba l_o keh\ g_ mljZlblv b kdZ`_f [jZlvyf gZrbf lZd `_ ³<hl kbeZ ;h`_kl\_ggZy [m^_l gZ \Zk b lml h^he__l_ \jZ]h\ \Zrbo ^h dhgpZ qlh `_eZxl a_feb \Zr_c LZd qlh gZiboZcl_ bf __ iheguc jhl b hgb ih]ehlyl __ \ dbrdb k\hb b g_ kdZ`ml [hevr_ keh\ k\hbo ;m^vl_ kugZfb k\hbo ;h]h\ b kbeZ Bo ij_[m^_l gZ \Zk ^h dhgpZ ´ G_ bf_eb fu q_f q_j_\Z gZkulblv gZrb oe_[hf ihlhfm dZd ih``_g hg gZ \jZ `_kdhf h]g_ B dhjh\u gZrb kdhl [_^kl\h\Zeb \hl lZd `_ dZd b fu B f_qZfb gZ rbfb oZjZem`gufb h^he__f fu \jZ]Z gZ ihem^g_ b [m^_f kbevgu [he__ \jZ]h\ gZrbo

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

K_ ihkfhljbl_ \hdjm] k_[y qlh[u [ueZ \Zf IlbpZ wlZ \i_j_^b \Zk B \_^_l hgZ \Zk d ih[_^Zf gZ^ \jZ]Zfb K_ \ayeZ bguo d k_[_ b lZf lh hgb m^_j`b\Zxlky B lml djZkm_lky hgZ ij_^ gZfb b \e_q_l k\_lZfb d k_[_

L _ gZf_d Ijh^he`_gb_ gZ ke_^mxs_c ^hs_qd_ L _ ;h]Zf


B lZdh_ [ueh \ ^jm]h_ \j_fy qlh Jmkbqb reb k <_g^Zfb b l_ ohl_eb mg_klb ;h]h\ k\hbo d fhjx B lZf hgb b m]g_a^bebkv b \hl kljhbeb ihfhevy b lZf `_ fgh]h_ ih kljhbeb ihlhfm dZd hgb [h]Zlu B l_ ihfhevy mdjZr_gu ahehlhf b k_j_[jhf Âą b fgh ]b_ \hl wlbo ^_j_\ygguo \hl ;h]h\ ihqblZy bkdmr_gby bkiulu\Zeb B lh \_^v ba \_klgh [ueh ^jm]bf lZd`_ hgb \b^_eb b `Z`^Zeb l_o [h]Zlkl\ b \h_\Zeb k l_fb b lZf g_ [ueh jh^bqZf gZrbf ihdhy :jZ[u ijboh^beb d gbf b lhj]h\Zeb gZ lhj`bsZo [h ]Zlkl\Z l_ b lZf `_ mkZ`_gguo hljhdh\ \ dZ[Zem hl^Z\rboky B lZ a_fey ]h\hjyl _s_ f_jahklg_c \hcgm b aeh^_ygby i_j_`beZ B \hl fu hlhreb hl ]hj DZjiZlkdbo d Dbx b lZf lZd`_ gZ gZk gZiZ^Zeb aeu_ gZjh^u B \hl ih _f ihlhfm dZd _kvfu Jmku h keZ\guo ^gyo l_o B i_kgb l_ m gZk hl Hlph\ gZrbo h ij_djZkghc `bagb \h kl_iyo b h keZ\_ Hlph\ <hl \h_\h^Z ;h[j_p \_^rbc Jmkh\ d =hemgb ih kf_jlb h[j_e qbg I_jmgh\ ojZ[jh_ ]_jhckl\h LZd g_ aZ[m^_f gbdh]^Z b ihlhfm dZd fu _kvfu kugu Hlph\ gZ rbo ^Z [m^_l m gZk ex[h\v d iZfylb bo B j_q_f h gbo qlh [ueb hgb kbehc gZr_c b kbeZ lZ b^_l d gZf hl gbo `g_f eb fu beb kghiu \_a_f J_deb fuÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

k

ÂŤ h L_o dlh aZ[hlblky h gZr_f ijhp\_lZgbb <hl g_ [ueh m gZk fhev[bs b j_deb fhebl\u fu m l_o m dexq_c b jh^gbdh\ ]^_ \h^Z `b\Zy l_q_l B \her_[kl\h lZf _klv b \hedb obsgu_ m gbo g_ oh^yl : \hl \kihfgbf :e^hj_oZ \j_f_gZ B hg a\Zeky `j_p dhlhjh]h Ă…½ ÀĽ Ăˆ¸Ÿ½Ă?ÆÄ h ;h]Zo ĂŠ½Ă‡½Ă…½Ă‰Ă” b keh\h g_ ^_j`bl B djZkZ\bp gZrbo [jZe \g_aZigh b o\ZlZe bo b gZ^ gbfb ba^_\Zeky B f_`^m gZfb jZkijb ijhbkoh^beb ba aZ =hlh\ B wlh fu i_j_`beb b =hlu ijhiZeb : \ l_ \_dZ fu mijZ\eyebkv jh^Zfb b dgyavyfb B \hl dgyav [ue ;jZ\ebg dhlh juc h[hjhe Weebgh\ m [_j_]h\ fhjkdbo K [bl\hc b^_f fu gZ iZkl[bsZ l_ b lZf jZa\h ^bf kdhl B Kdmnb ^Z\Zeb ihiZklb kdhl \ kl_iyo <hl [m^_l wlh m gZk Z lZd =j_pdheZg_ mk_ebkv kgh\Z b kljhbeb ]hjh^Z b aeh[bebkv gZ gZk Lh]^Z ihreb fu gZ iheghqv b [u eb lZf ^\_klb e_l b lZf fu b _kvfu b \u _kl_ b hgb kmlv hl l_o \j_f_g b ^hgug_ B k_]h^gy _klv m gZk ^jm]hc dgyav ;jZ\ebg ijZ\gmd ^_^Z k\h_]h b kdZaZe hg ÂłB^bl_ gZ ihe^_gv gZ =j_pdheZgv ´ =j_db `_ kj_^b Weebgh\ Âą ie_fy hkh[_ggh_ b lhj ]m_l m gZk \ kl_iyo kdhl gZr Âą b ohq_l [jZlv _]h aZ^Zjhf : gZf gZ^h[gh bo ijh]gZlv kgh\Z d fhjx b ]gZlv \ bo djZy ihlhfm dZd jmkkdZy a_fey _klv wlh b jmkkdZy djh\v gZ lm a_fex ebeZkv b hgZ ibeZ djh\v gZrm GZf ijbgZ^e_`Zlv hgZ ^he`gZ b fu __ h[h jhgy_f \h \k_ ^gb gZkdhevdh ^_j`bfky

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

K_ \b^_e y khg \ GZ\b b \hl h]hgv \h h[eZdZo b bkoh^bl ba gbo Afbc m^b\bl_ev guc b hdjm`be A_fex b ihl_deZ djh\v ba g__ b hg ebaZe __ B k_ ijboh^bl Fm` Kbevguc b jZajm[be Afby gZ^\h_ b klZg_l ^\Z B jZajm[bl _s_ b klZg_l q_luj_ B k_ Fm` \hahibe ;h]Zf h ihfhsb B Hgb ijbreb gZ dhgyo kh K\Zj]b b Hgb Afb_\ m[b\Zxl <_^v kbeZ lZ Âą g_ ex^ kdZy Z q_jgZy B k_ Afbb lh kmlv \hjh]b b^msb_ hl ihem^gy <hl \_^v ;hkihjm ^hklZ ehkv lh qlh ^_^u gZrb jZlyfb hl\h_\u\Zeb B \hl ohlyl =j_db hdjm`blv a_fex gZrm B __ fu g_ ^Z^bf ihlhfm dZd `gb\vy l_ gZrb b g_ hklZ\bf bo b l\Zjv lZ Afbc _klv ih]b[_ev gZ gZk

L _ ³dh]^Z l_ <_g^u  ;h]h\ ihqblZeb lh fgh]b_ bkiulu\Zeb bkdmr_gb_´ L _ ³b fu b \u b hgb ij_[u\Zxl´


GZ^h[gh gZf kjZ`Zlvky b `b\hlu iheh`blv aZ a_fex gZrm : hgZ \_^v lyg_lky hl gZk ^h Iheyg b >j_]h\bq_c B Jmku ijhklbjZxlky ^h fhjy b ]hj ^h kl_ib ihem^_gghc b \kz wlh Âą Jmku B hl Jmkh\ lhevdh _klv m gZk ihfhsv ihlhfm dZd >Z`^v[h]h\u \gmdb hgb kmlv Fhebfky fu IblZjm >bx ihlhfm dZd Hg gba\_e H]hgv dhlhjuc FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z ijbghkbl gZ djuevyo k\hbo IjZhlpZf gZrbf B _z i_kgyfb \hki_\Z_f fu \hae_ dhkljh\bs \_q_jgbo ]^_ jZkkdZau\Z_f klZju_ keh\Z keZ\u gZr_c m K\ylhc K_^fbpu j_d gZrbo ]^_ ]hjh^Z Hlph\ gZrbo [ueb B lm a_fex hgb hklZ\beb \ a_fex bgmx ihreb ]^_ [ueZ m gZk \h l_ \j_f_gZ ^_j`Z\Z b \ ^j_\ghklb hdjm]Z gZrZ b ]hjh^Z b k_eZ b h]gbsZ \ a_fe_ mkljh_ggu_ÂŤ LZd mfh_f l_eZ b ^mrb gZrb qlh[u [ueZ m gZk qbklZy JmkkdZy hdjm]Z dhlhjZy kbevgE b gZ \jZ]h\ kljZom ebrZxs_]h mfZ gZ]hgy_lÂŤ LZd bklbggh ]^_ h\pu k_[_ oh^yl lZf `_ b lZ a_fey \ ^_gv lhl oh`_gZ gZfbÂŤ L_ `_ l\hjyl bgh_ qlh[u gZk hl klZ juo ^Z\ghkl_c gZk hl\jZlblv B wlh y \b`m b jmdm ^_j`m \Zf qlh[u \u \_^Zeb qlh km jh\uc ^_gv ]jy^_l b djh\b ohq_l B __ ijhev_f gZ a_fex k\hx jmkkdmxÂŤ K_ Jmkkdh]h ]hjh^Z dZfgb \hibxl gZf b gZ^h[gh b^lb gZf b \klj_lblvky kh kf_jlvxÂŤ Ihqlb f_gy kug_ b mfjb aZ g__ ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… k k

ÂŤĂˆĂ† ih \k_ lZd`_ \b^_eb Ilbpm dhggbpm hklZgZ\eb\Zxsmx b \jZ]h\ l_o dju evyfb hgZ aZdju\Zlv klZeZ b ]heh\hc ¿ÅÀ Ă‘¸Ă‰ĂŠĂ• JZa[beb hgb l_o dhggbdh\ b mf gZijy]rb h[j_aZeb jy^u k_qb b ih\_eb \hdjm] Ç¸ĂˆĂ‹ÂŤ ½Ă?ÆÄ lZd `_ k^_eZlv qlh[u ^h klZlv ih[_^u gZf mgbqlh`blv bo dZd gZf gZ^h[gh B \ l_ ^gb ijbg_keb fu `_jl\u dZd h\pu [ueb ÆËθ i_j_^ gZfb ÂŤ KlZeb Kdbnu b Ă‰Ă‹ĂˆĂ”Ă„½ jh^bqZfb >_kylv khl e_l kdhl iZk_f b ihe_ jh_f : =j_db gZr_ `blh [jZlv klZeb b f_gylv ih k\h_fm [eZ]h^_ l_evkl\h\Zlv b ÂŤ B[h <e_k gZmqbe a_fex iZoZlv IjZsmjh\ gZrbo lZd `_ Ÿ½Ă—ÂŤ ÂŤ ihlhfm [jh kZ_f \ h]gbsZ ljZ\u b \_ldb qlh[u <e_kZ keZ\blvÂŤ Ljb jZaZ Jmkv ih]b[rZy \klZg_lÂŤ =mggu iheghklvx ihjm[beb gZk hl Bgvkdh]h djZy hlh]gZeb Z k_]h^gÂŤ a^_kv hgbÂŤ ÂŤ ÂÆ <hkklZlv ^he`gZ hgZ gZ k_c jZaÂŤ LZd klZ jZy \hcgZ ijhiZ^_l b lZd gZf gZ^h[gh ijh^_j`ZlvkyÂŤ Fgh]b_ ie_f_gZ reb \ kl_ib gZrb ÂŤ hl klj_e g_ \b^gh khegpZ ÂŤ Jmkv _klv _^b gZ ÂŤ \hibys_ dh K\Zj]_ h ihfhsb ;h`v_cÂŤ ]jhohlZ f_q_c g_ keurgh ]hehkh\ ÂŤ Ă—b Ă‚b b g_ gZklmibl h^gZ`^u ÂŤ GZijy]Zeb Hlpu kbeu k\hb gZ \kydbc ÄÀ KdZaZeb hgb ^_lyf aZe_alv \ dmklu b lZÂŤ _keb [m^ml aeu_ \j_f_gZÂŤ Çƍ ¸ ÂŤ IhgZqZem gZqZeb fu ]hjh^Z hdjhfeylv b hdjhfey_f ihlhfm dZd l_o m gZk g_l ÂŤ ĂƒĂ†ĂŠ ÂŤ ÂŤ g_ ijb^_lky gZf klu^blvky ÇÆ ÂŤ B lml I_jmg ijb^_l b [jhkblky gZ gboÂŤ Ă…ÂŤ ¸ Lml [m^_l keZ\Z \_ebdZy b __ \_sZ_l FZl_jv <k_o djuevyfb [by ÂÆ LZd \jZ]b hlkdhqZl hl gZk ÂŤ Hgb fm`b kmlv ijhklu_ ÂŤ b ]heh\u g_ [_j_]ml É×  Ă—ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

K_ OjZ[juc h[hj_l lm kbem aemx Æš½ É½Ă…ĂŠĂ” hihyr_l \Zk Ijboh^behkv \_^v gZf j\Zgv_ [_j_qv b \hl ojZgb ;h]Zf fu klZ\beb B kljhbf kl_gu ba ^m[Z b aZ l_fb qZklh Âą _s_ ^jm]mx kl_gm b lZf ojZgbf ;h]h\ gZrbo bah[jZ`_gby ?klv m gZk fgh]b_

<hafh`gh ³b ]heh\hc mgbqlh`Zlv qZklv bo ´ <hafh`gh ³b fu lZd `_ ^_eZ_f´ L _ ³_keb ly`_eh ijb^_lky´ L _ h[ghkblv dj_fe_f¹h]jZ^hc F_klZ ojZg_gby ³ojZfu´ \b^bfh lh]h `_ dhjgy k i_j_]eZkh\dhc kmnnbdkZ


ojZgb m Gh\Z]jZ^Z gZ <heoh\_ j_d_ ?klv b m Db_\Z ]jZ^Z \ ;h]he_kZo B \hl _klv m gZk ojZgb gZ <heugb >me_[kdhc b m Kmjh`b gZ fhj_ Kheg_qghf b fhj_ Kbg_f B \hl \_ebdZy h[b^Z gZf ihlhfm dZd ojZgb Kmjh`kdb_ aZo\Zq_gu \jZ]Zfb b ;h ]b gZrb \h ijZo [jhr_ggu_ \Zeylvky ^he`gu <hl \_^v g_l m Jmkbq_c kbeu h^_j`Zlv ih[_^u gZ^ \jZ]Zfb B \hl j\Zgv_ m gZk dZd m kljZggbdZ dhlhjuc ghqvx b^_l ih e_kZf b ihj\Ze h^_` ^m k\hx gZ dmkdb LZd `_ j\Zgv_ m gZk Jmkbqb gZ jmkkdhf l_e_ B g_ aZ[hlbfky fu h lhf b lsbfky gZ ojZgyo keZ\blv ;h]h\ dhlhju_ g_ ijb_fexl `_jl\ gZrbo b[h hkdhj[e_gu gZr_c e_ghklvx G_ IlbpZ eb FZl_jv <k_o keZ\m j_q_l gZf b ijhkbl gZk hl gbo Hlph\kdmx KeZ\m aZsblblv" B g_l m gZk ^_jahklb \klZlv gZ jZlv ^Z b f_qZfb k\hbfb [jZlv a_fex gZrm \jZ]Zfb hlh[jZggmx <hl \_^v lukyqm b ljbklZ e_l ojZgbf fu K\ylugb gZrb Z k_]h^ gy `_gu gZrb ]h\hjyl qlh [eZ`_ggu fu b ihl_jyeb jZamf b _kvfu dZd dZdZy lh h\pZ fZeZy i_j_^ l_fb B g_ kf__f h^_lv hjm`b_ b f_qhf jZablv \jZ]h\ gZrbo <hl DmiZebq b^_l d gZf b j_q_l gZf qlh gZf gZ^h[gh \klZlv ]hj^ufb b qbklufb l_ehf b ^mrZfb gZrbfb B ih\_j]g_fky d klhiZf ?]h qlh[u r_e Hg k gZfb b gZk ojZ gbe \_^y d [hjv[_ kmjh\hc B lZf \klZeb [u fu ebphf d K\Zj]_ B k_ \ [bl\m b^y o\Z ebf fu ;h]h\ gZrbo \ [jZgb Âą dZd b \ fbjgu_ ^gb B k_ DmiZebq j_q_l gZf qlh ^h klhbfky fu ^h lh]h \j_f_gb b [m^_f aZ keZ\m k\hx ihql_gu Z lZd`_ kh HlpZfb khijb qZklgu

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

?s_ \_^v jZkkdZau\Zxl h lhf dZd d\ZkmjZ [ueZ hl ;h]h\ ihemq_gZ lZcgZ dZd ijb]hlh\eylv kmjbgm : wlh \_^v m gZk `Z`^u mlhe_gb_ dhlhjh_ [u\Z_l gZ JZ^h]hs qlh[u h ;h]Zo gZf jZ^h\Zlvky b ieykZlv \_gdb [jhkZy d K\Zj]_ Âą b ih_f keZ\m ;h]Zf khl\hjyy d\Zkmjhc ;ue \_^v fm` kbevguc ;h]Zfb \jZamfe_gguc B \hl \_^v lhl EZ^h d g_fm ijbc ^y b ]h\hjbl _fm [jhkblv f_^u \ \h^m b hkmjb\Zlv bo gZ Khegp_ Lml lh kmjZ k^_eZ_lky ihlhfm qlh f_^u [m^ml [jh^blv b \ kmjbpm ij_l\hjylvky B iv_f fu __ \h keZ\m ;h `_kdmx B \_^v [ueh lh \ \_dZo ^h Dby Z fm` wlhl [ue \ lhl jZa \_kvfZ hlf_q_g gZa\Zg Hlphf ;eZ]hfbjhf b hg ihemqbe hl K\Zjh`bqZ ihmq_gb_ dZd ijb]hlh\eylv d\Zkmjm dhlhjZy gZau\Z_lky _s_ kmjbghc B hgZ lh _klv \h jZ^hklv gZrm g_jZa[hjqb\h H L <hl \_^v _klv m gZk H\k_gy ^gb dZd ih`gx khl\hjbf b gZmjZ^h]hsm_fky hllh]h Gh bgh]^Z dZd dlh g_ m^_j`bl k\h_]h _kl_kl\Z \ kemqZ_ q_]h b kdZ`_l [_amfgh_ lh wlh jZa\_ qlh hl Q_jgh[h]Z : ^jm]hc dhlhjuc jZ^m_lky Âą lh hl ;_eh[h]Z LZd `_ gZf gZ^h[gh hlukdb\Zlv ^jma_c b \jZ]h\ dh\Zlv f_qb lh gZrb gZ ml\_j`^_gb_ kbeu b bfb kbehx ;h`_kdhx ihjZ`Zlv \jZ]h\ gZrbo k h[_bo klhjhg Lhl \_^v ;h]hfbj gZj_q_g lZd L\Zkluj_f ihlhfm dZd Lhl _fm ihjmqbe h KeZ \ygZo qlh[u hgb dZd ;h]b j_deb bf K_]h o\Zebeb <hl \_^v mklZgh\be hg jh^u m k_[y ihlhfm dZd ;h]b Âą ijbqbgZ jh^h\ Z fu Âą Jh^h\ l_o jh^u LZd`_ b K\Zjh] _klv Hl_p gZr Z ijhqb_ kmlv kugu B bf gZ^h[gh dhjblvky ?fm LZd`_ b fu \_^v ihdhjgu Jh^bqm ihlhfm dZd hg _klv Hl_p jh^m Z l_ jh^u lh \u _kl_ l_ dhlhju_ [ueb b ^h Dby ^h dgya_c db_\kdbo

gZ JZ^h]hs´ l _ \h \j_fy ijZa^gbdZ JZ^h]hsb b ÂłgZ jZ^hklv´ DZ`_lky Ăˆ¸ŸĂ’ĂŽĂ” b Ăˆ¸ŸĂ†ÂťĂ’Ă‘½ Âą g_ lhevdh h^gh]h dhjgy gh h^gh b lh `_ keh\h Âł;eZ]hfbj´ _keb \ keh\_ ³šĂ’ÂťĂ†Ă„Ă€Ăˆ½´ ijhims_gh ÂłĂƒ´

Ă…¸ Ăˆ¸Ÿ¸Ă’Ă‘½ Âą Âł

Âą


<hl " g_jZa[hjqb\h H L ihke_ ]hlkdhc \hcgu hihjmrbeb \kz b JmkdheZgv hklZ\b eb d Dbx ih[_`Zeb qlh[u ihk_ebeblvky \ a_feyo l_o Âą lZf ]^_ oh^beb gZ [bl\m kh kl_ivx \jZ`_kdhc b k_[y h[hjhgylv hl l_o B lZd [ueh e_l aZ lukyqm ljbklZ hl Hlph\ db_\kdbo ljbklZ hl `bagb \ DZjiZlZo b lukyqm Âą hl Dby ]jZ^Z BgZy qZklv ihreZ \ =hemgv b lZf b hklZeZkv Z ^jm]Zy Âą d Dbx ]jZ^m B i_j\Zy _klv JmkdheZgv b \lhjZy Âą Dbyg_ dhlhju_ Kmj_gv lh qlyl kh kdhlhf oh^yl b klZ^Z \h ^yl ^_kylv \_dh\ ih a_fe_ gZr_c <hl \_^v =hemgv [ueZ ]hjh^ keZ\guc b ljb khlgb ]hjh^h\ kbevguo bf_eZ B Db_\ ]jZ^ bf_e f_gvr_ gZ ihem^g_ Âą ^_kylv ]hjh^h\ \k_]h b kze g_fgh]h : \hh[s_ [ueb lh k_[_ \h kl_iyo \k_ jh^u b `blh f_gyeb gZ ihem^g_ B _]h =j_dZf ^Z\Zeb \ h[f_g aZ ah ehlu_ p_ib b djm`db b h`_j_evy B ]hkih^Zf \kz ghkbeb \ h[f_g gZ iblv_ \bggh_ hl =j_dh\ b ^_eZeb lh kZfb ^ey lhc f_gu B l_ Jmku gZ ihem^g_ kha^Zeb ]hjh^ kbevguc Kmjh`v dZdhc g_ ihkljhblv =j_dZf Z hgb _]h jZa]jhfbeb b Jmkh\ ihm[b\Zlv ohl_eb B ihlhfm ihc^_f gZ gbo b jZa]jhfbf k_e_gby ]j_q_kdb_ Weebgu \_^v wlb \jZ]b JmkdheZgZf b \jZ]b ;h]Zf gZrbf =j_pdheZ g_ \_^v g_ ;h]h\ ihqblZxl B dZd [u q_eh\_db hgb ba dZfgy k^_eZgu ih^h[by fm`Zf : gZrb ;h]b kmlv Ihgylby DZd \_^v hl[b\Zebkv fu hl =hlh\ dhlhju_ gZ^_eb gZ ]heh\u k\hb jh]Z \heh\ b dhjh\ b dh`b gZ qj_keZ k\hb b lZd fgbeb mkljZrblv Jmkkdbo B l_ kgyeb jm[Zrdb k\hb b h]hey qj_keZ ihreb \ [bl\m b ih[_^beb B gZ wlhl jZa ihc^_f fu h]he_ggufb \ [bl\m b ih[_^bf : dZd klZg_l =j_pdheZg [hyaeb\h \ugbfZlv f_qbd k\hc b hg [m^_l [ukljh \ GZ\b m Yfu dhlhjuc `^_l `_jl\m k\hx \ a_fex qlh[u iblv djh\v _]h b `bagv _]h mf_jl\blv b l_f `blv lh lZf Âą

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

<hl \_^v Gh\hyju ijhbkoh^yl hl KlZjuo dhlhju_ [ueb lh`_ Jmkbqb B \hl ih reb ^h ihem^gy b lZf oh^beb ih kl_iyf ^_kylv \_dh\ L_ lh \_^v lh`_ _klv Jmku ba[bjZxl dgya_c k\hbo B l_o Âą hl jh^h\ k\hbo b jh^u ŸÆšĂ†ĂŠĂ‘¸ hl ie_f_gb dZ`^hfm dgyax k\h_fm B ba dgya_c ba[bjZxl dgyay klZjr_]h B hg _klv \h`^v gZ \hcg_ B lZd `beb \h a_fe_ lhc dh]^Z \Zjy]b ijbreb gZ gZk b lZf bo ihm[b\Zeb B \hl =j_pdheZgu ijbreb gZ a_fex lm b k_eb gZ g_c b g_ aZ[hlbebkv h JmkZo <hl Jmku lh \hhjm`bebkv f_qZfb b gZiZeb " g_jZa[hjqb\h H L gZ l_o b hlh]gZeb bo ^h bo [_j_]h\ fhjkdbo <hl =j_pdheZgu lh ih\_eb k\hb jZlb \ `_e_agmx [jhgx h^_luo B [ueZ k_qZ lZf \_ebdZy b dZjdZeb \hjhgu h ibs_ fm`kdhc dhlhjZy [jhr_gZ \ ihe_ b \uib\Zeb ]eZaZ bo DZjdZxl \hjhgu h ibjr_kl\_ b \_ebdh_ dZjdZgb_ klhyeh gZ^ ihe_f l_f b lZf \_^v _eb hgb ]eZaZ ]j_q_kdb_ Z ]eZaZ jmkkdb_ g_ ljh]Zeb LZf lh aZsblZ m gZk [ueZ ihlhfm dZd ;h]b g_ ohl_eb qlh[u Jmku k]bgmeb B lZf `_ [hj_lky Khegp_ k F_kyp_f aZ lm a_fex B G_[h [hj_lky aZ a_fex qlh[u a_fey lZ g_ ih^qbgbeZkv jmdZf weebgkdbf Z hklZ\ZeZkv jmkkdhc B lZf `_ ieZq_lky fZlv h ^_lyo k\hbo ijheb\rbo djh\v gZ ihe_ lh B lh ihe_ klZeh Jmkkdbf Gh\hyju [ueb lZf ^hgug_ b a_fey lZ ij_[m^_l gZr_c hl f_q_c b djh \b ijheblhc aZ g__ Âą

L _ fhg_lu < hjb]bgZe_ šĂ†¸ĂŽĂ” Ă—Ă„¸ Âą YfZ ih\_ebl_ev PZjkl\Z f_jl\uo iha`_ ÂłyfZ´ \ lh \j_fy agZq_gb_ ÂłyfZ´ i_j_^Z\Zehkv keh\hkhq_lZgb_f ³ŸĂ€Ăˆ¸ ¿½Ă„ɸ´ Âą Âł^ujZ a_feygZy´


B lZd`_ Weebgu kdZaZeb dgyax klZjr_fm gZr_fm b \_e_eb _fm ^Z ij_g_[j_]g_l hg \ a_fex G_jh\ oh^blv [md\Z ihke_ ³Ÿ´ g_jZa[hjqb\Z H L eb[h jZ[h\ [jZlv gh ^Z hklZ\bl [_j_]Z fhjkdb_ k_[_ ?klv m gZk mdZaZgb_ gZ ^_gv gZr qlh IjZhlpu gZrb mf_jeb \ ihe_ b g_ \ayeb \jZ]b gZrm a_fex <hl \_^v b k_]h^gy _klv m gZk mdZaZgb_ qlh gbdlh _]h g_ \havf_l <hl \_^v =_jfZgj_o b^_l gZ gZk hl ihemghqb b gZf gZ^h[gh h[hjhgylv a_feb k\hb b lZd b^lb gZ g_]h <hl \_^v ]hlkdZy a_fey _klv gZrZ B lml m ;_eh]hjvy fu k_eb mk_yeb dhklyfb k\hbfb b djh\vx k\h_c ihebeb b hgZ _klv gZrZ K_ j_q_l FZl_jv <k_o h gZk b keZ\m j_q_l gZf <havf_f `_ lml f_qb fu gZrb b b^_f ^h k\_lZ \ ihe_ HljZabf \jZ]h\ ihemghqguo b hl[jhkbf \jZ]h\ ihem^_gguo b gZe_lbf gZ \jZ]h\ aZiZ^guo qlh[ h gZk ]h\hjbeb ³Jmkbqb =jhfbqb´ dZd h[ HlpZ gZ r_]h I_jmgZ kugZo Z >Z`^v[h]Z \gmdZo <_^v K\Zjh`bq mdZ`_l gZf dm^Z b^lb B lhl =_jfZgj_o hlhr_e d ihemghqb Z Weebgu ¹ gZ ihe^_gv B lZd kh[_j_f a_f ex gZrm \f_kl_ b g_ ^Z^bf kugh\ ihlhfm dZd p_gu `_ g_ [u\Z_l aZ kugh\ k\hbo <hl b^_l \ kl_iyo gZrbo \_ebdh_ fgh`_kl\h jh^h\ bguo b g_ ijboh^blky gZf [ulv fbjgufb eb[h `^Zlv ihfhsb HgZ lh \_^v ¹ \ furpZo gZrbo b gZ dhgp_ f_q_c b bfb fu k_q_f \jZ]h\ <hl j_q_l IlbpZ FZl_jv <k_o gZf qlh[u fu ih^gyeb f_qb k\hb ¹ gZ aZsblm k\hx b ?z <hl [v_l djuevyfb h a_fex b ijZo hljykZ_l ^h K\Zj]b B \hl db^Z_lky gZ a_fex b [v_lky aZ gZk ihlhfm dZd kljZrblky aZ gZk B \hl fu ih[_^beb K^_eZeb fu dZd HgZ djbqbl \_^v lhl djbd ¹ ^h k_j^_p gZrbo : wlh \hl agZlv fu ^he`gu dZd kmjm iv_f \ k_qm ihc^_f b lZf ihemqbf iblv_ bgh_ ;h]Zfb ijb]hlh\e_ggh_ B hgh gZihk e_^hd gZf [m^_l dZd \h^Z `b\Zy \ qZk ljbagu \_ebdhc dZdh\Zy _klv ^ey \k_o dlh mf_j aZ a_fex k\hx <hl K\Zjh`bq kfhljbl gZ gZk kh K\Zj]b k\h_c qm^_kghc b \b^y jZlb gZrb kqb lZ_l bo : iZevp_\ gZ gbo g_ \k_]^Z o\ZlZ_l lZd kqblZ_l hg iZevpu gZ gh]Zo k\hbo B agZ_l IjZsmj gZr qlh fu ¹ kbeZ \_ebdZy b g_ kfh]ml h^he_lv gZk \jZ]b gZrb B \hl ihg_kebkv fu gZ \hbgh\ b ih]gZeb bo ihdZ l_ g_ iZ^ml gZa_fv b g_ k^ho gml hl FZju B FZjZ bo aZ[_j_l B \hl kdZ`_f \ k_j^pZo gZrbo qlh g_ \_jg_fky d h]gbsZf k\hbf ^h l_o ihj ih dZ _s_ \jZ]b ihdmrZxlky b ij_g_[j_`_f l_eZfb gZrbfb _keb \jZ]b \havfml a_fex gZrm B kdZ`_f h lhf qlh ;h]b gZrb aZ[hlylky h g_c <_^v jZah[v_f kdmeu k_[_ emqr_ m` \havf_f ^_l_c >k\hbo@ gZ dhivy q_f ih\hjZqb\Zlv kibgu k\hb \jZ]Zf K_ ey^\_b gZrb hl\_jag_f b gZlheq_f a_feb gZr_c \ gbo qlh[u m^_j`Zlv __ ^h kZfh]h kf_jlgh]h qZkZ Z FZjm m\b^bf ^Z^bf _c K_ FhjZ hlklmiblky b kdZ`_l \ hl\_l ³G_l m f_gy kbeu lml qlh[ h^_j`Zlv ih[_^m gZ^ JmkbqZfb´ B lZd keZ\Z ihe_lbl d K\Zj]_ B lZf ;h]b j_dml qlh ³ojZ[ju \u _kl_ Jmkbqb Z _klv m GZk f_klh ^ey \Zk ih^e_ ;h]Z <hcgu I_jmgZ b >Z`^v[h]Z HlpZ \Zr_]h´ ¹

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

B \hl ]jy^_l k kbeZfb fgh]bfb >Z`^v[h] gZ ihfhsv ex^yf k\hbf BlZd kljZoZ g_ bf_c ihlhfm dZd \ ^j_\gb_ \j_f_gZ dZd b \ gh\u_ h gZk aZ[hlblky Hg B aZ[hlbfky h G_f dZd Hg lh]h ohq_l b \hl `^_f ih \k_ ^gb lh]h qlh [ueh m gZkÂŤ

L _ gZr_ ihe_ L _ a_fe_ L _ ijhf_`ghklb <ZjbZgl bf_gb ³FZjZ´


<hl \_^v <hjhg`_g_p [ue f_klhf \ dhlhjhf mkbeyebkv =hlu b Jmku [blvky B lhl ]hjh^ [ue g_[hevrbf B lZd ihke_ lhc \hcgu hg [ue kh``_g b ijZo b i_i_e l_ \_ljZfb jZkk_ygu ih\kx^m b f_klh lh hklZ\e_gh Gh \_^v a_fey lZ Âą jmkkdZy B g_ habjZcl_kv h g_c b g_ aZ[m^_l_ __ B lZf ih ijZ \m fu oh^bf <hl \_^v h <hjhg`_gp_ keZ\Z jZkl_dZ_lky ih JmkZf b hgZ b ^h \hjh]h\ ^hoh^bl L_ \ayebkv \k_fb kbeZfb [jZlv gZ dhg_p dhivy k\h_]h hl\h_\Zlv __ m Jmkh\ [eZ]h ^Zlguo B hgb lh hjm`b_ b jm]m ^he`gu ^Z\Zlv dgyavyf k\hbf b h]gbsZgkdbo kem] <hl b gZ^h gZf ^_j`Zlv k_qm jm]m hkh[mx qlh[u [ueb m gbo _^Z b iblv_ \h \k_ \j_fy ^h kZfhc kf_jlb bo b gZf [u hgb kem`beb <_^v fgh]b_ keh`beb dhklb k\hb gZ iheyo :glu fu _kvfu dZd b \h \j_f_gZ F_a_gfbjZ ;u\Z_l m gZk ibj b keZ\m ih_f ;h]Zf Âą b lZdh\hc keZ\hc fu b gZa\Zgu Âą gbdh]^Z fu g_ ijhkbf gh ebrv keZ\m j_q_f <hl fh e_gb_ khl\hjyy hfu\Z_f l_e_kZ gZrb b keZ\m j_q_f Z lZd`_ ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

ÂŤiv_f kmjm iblv_ \h keZ\m lm iylbdjZlgh ^_ggh H]gbsZ m ^m[h\ \ha]g_lZ_f B lZd KghiZ \e_q_f b j_q_f o\Zem h G_f b _kvfu >Z`^v[h]h\u \gmdb b g_ kf__f hklZ\eylv fu keZ\u gZr_c : \_dZ gZaZ^ \_^v fu [ueb :glu gZ JmkdheZgb b \ ^j_\ghklb fu [ueb Jmku b ij_[m^_f bfb ÂŤ <hl <heugv b^_l \i_j_^b b [v_l \jZ]h\ ihlhfm dZd ojZ[ju_ hgb B lZ <h eugv i_j\uc jh^ _klv B \hl hk_jqZeb hgb ^Z b :glu F_a_gfbjZ h^_j`Zeb ih[_^m gZ^ =hlZfb b jZkdb^Zeb bo gZ \k_ klhjhgu : aZ gbfb ^\bgmebkv =mggu djh\b KeZ\guo `Z`^msb_ b lZ [hjv[Z k\bj_ihc [ueZ B \hl =hlu kh[jZebkv k =mggZfb b k gbfb gZ Hlph\ gZrbo gZiZeb Âą b [ueb jZa [blu b mgbqlh`_gu : \hl l_ ihreb H[ju gZ dgyay B m[beb _]h B \hl Kbg__ fhj_ hlhreh hl Jmkb K_ ;h]b Jmkkdb_ g_ [_jml `_jl\u q_eh\_q_kdb_ b gb `b\hlgu_ Âą _^bgkl\_ggh ieh^u njmdlu p\_lu b a_jgZ fhehdh kmjvx iblv_ gZ ljZ\Zo k[jZ`_ggmx b f_^u Âą gh gbdh]^Z `b\mx ilbpm b g_ ju[m : \hl \Zjy]b b Weebgu [h]Zf ^Zxl `_jl\m bgmx b kljZrgmx q_eh\_q_kdmx B lh]h g_ ^he`gu fu ^_eZlv ihlhfm dZd fu Âą >Z`^v[h]h\u \gmdb b g_ ^he`gu b^lb aZ ^jm]bfb ke_^Zfb qm`bfb ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… \ k # Z k

K_ `_jl\Z gZrZ Âą f_^ kmjZ gZ ^_\ylbkbe_ b ÂłsZe_´ mdj_ie_ggZy b gZ khegp_ Kmjv_ klZ\e_ggZy gZ ljb ^gy Z ih l_f lj_f ^gyf kd\hav r_jklv p_`_gZy B hgZ Âą gZrZ `_jl\Z ;h]Zf IjZ\uf dZdh\u_ kmlv gZrb IjZhlpu B[h ijhbkoh^bf fu hl >Z`^v[h]Z b klZeb keZ\gufb keZ\y ;h]h\ gZrbo gh gbdh]^Z g_ ijhkbeb b g_ fhebeb h [eZ]_ k\h _f <hl ;h]b j_dml gZf ÂłOh^bl_ d Jmkb gh gbdh]^Z Âą d \jZ]Zf´ FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z ih_l gZf \hki_\Z_l l_ ih[_^u gZ^ \jZ]Zfb b lhfm fu \_jbf ihlhfm dZd keh\Z wlb Âą hl Ilbpu <urgy \h K\Zj]_ ih ĂˆĂ†Ă‰ĂŠĂ€½ e_lys_c hl G_]hÂŤ <hl dgya_c gZrbo fu ba[bjZ_f qlh[u \eZklv bo h gZk aZ[hlbeZkv : ih^hc^_l \jZ] d gZrbf ]jZgbpZf b ]jZgbpu i_j_oh^blv g_ [m^_l ihlhfm dZd aZ\_jgml _]h B lhevdh I_jmgvdh b Lhl Kghi agZ_l dZd fu fhebeb keZ\u b gbdh]^Z g_ ijhkbeb bgh]h b gbdh]^Z g_ lj_[m_f g_h[oh^bfh]h ^ey `bagb

Kh[bjZl_evgh l _ <heugpu


<hl \_^v \b^_eb Hlpu gZrb qlh Hj_c d h[eZdZf hlijZ\beky d I_jmgvdh\m dh\Z gbx \hag_k_gguc ?]h kbehc B aj_e lZf Hj_c dZd I_jmgvdh dh\Ze f_qb gZ \jZ]h\ b dmy Lhl j_q_l _fm ³<hl klj_eu b f_qb _klv m gZk gZ \hbgh\ l_o b g_ kf_c [hylvky bo ihlhfm dZd mgbqlh`m bo ^hleZ b m^_e bo [m^_l kf_rZg k i_jklvx [eb`_ dZd a_fey ba [hehlZ A\_jyfb [m^ml hgb dZd ihjhkylZ \ufZaZggu_ ]jyavx b \hgv k\hx ihg_kml ih ke_^Zf k\hbf b lZf kdZaZgh [m^_l h gbo dZd h \hgxqbo ihjhkylZo b k\bgvyo´ LZd lh kdZaZ\ I_jmgvdh dm_l f_qb b Hj_x wlh j_q_l B lhl Hj_c ih\_^Ze wlh Hl pZf gZrbf B lZdh\u [ueb gZrZ [hjv[Z aZ `bagv b ih[_^u fgh]b_ \_dZ gZaZ^ : k_ ]h^gy fu m\_jbebkv qlh g_ [ueh lZd

i“BŠœ�… ] k # [ k

R_e y hl Lb\_jp_\ b d Kbg_fm fhjx b Kmj_g`b d \Zf b kdZaZe \Zf dZd agZ_f fu kZfb h lhf b hl klZjuo a_f_ev gZr_]h khxaZ :glkdh]h B lZd`_ kebrdhf fgh]h djh\b ijheblh Z ih g_c JmkZ [m^_l ihlhfm dZd jm^m djh\v fu ijhebeb b lZd `Z`^ms_c hgZ ^h dhgpZ b ij_[m^_l <hl a_fey gZrZ KeZ\gu_ ie_f_gZ b jh^u K_ \_^v keZ\bf fu ;h]h\ gbdh]^Z \_^v g_ ijhkbf gh ebrv keZ\bf kbem Bo B lZd`_ \_ebqZ_f IjZsmjZ gZr_]h K\Zjh]Z Dhlhjuc [ue _klv b ij_[m^_l <h`^v gZf hl \_dZ \_dh\ ^h dhgpZ

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

K_ [ueh lh m DZjZgb B wlh ¹ ]hjh^ fZeuc gZ [_j_]Zo fhjkdbo Jmkkdbo B lZf [ue dgyav dhlhjuc kdZaZe \hl Weebgh\ [blv b hl[jhkblv hl Jmkb B hg kh[jZe jZlv b dhggbpm b ihr_e gZ gbo b ih[_^be bo : Weebgu klZeb `Zeh\Zlvky gZ [_^kl\by bo b ijhkbeb _fm ^Zgv mieZlblv B lZ ^Zgv k gbo khklhyeZ ba j_aZgguo [ZjZgh\ b \bgZ B \hl Weebgu agZy qlh Jmkbqb ivxl fgh]h b jZkkqblu\Zeb gZ gbo gZ[jhkblvky b ih[_^blv bo B \hl b^_l \heo\ Mohj_a b [jZl _]h Kheh\_gv B hgb ]h\hjbeb JmkbqZf g_ aZ jblvky gZ ^Zju l_ B \hl Jmkbqb g_ ihkemrZeb B mibebkv B \hl \ l_ ^gb Weebgu gZ [jhkbebkv gZ gbo b ih[beb bo B \hl ih]b[_ev wlm \b^y Jmkbqb ih[_`Zeb \ kl_iv B lZf hgb hk_jqZeb b kbeu k\hb kh[jZeb b ihreb gZ gbo hiylv b ih\_j]eb bo K_ ;h]b k^_eZeb bo ^_jahklgufb b jmdb bo mdj_ibeb b hgb h^_j`Zeb ih[_^m <hl [vxlky k \jZ]Zfb b lZd ]h\hjyl ³DZd h\_p jZkdb^Z_f bo b [m^_f kZfb wlbfb djZyfb \eZ^_lv ihlhfm dZd djZkb\u hgb´ b bo fu g_ hl^Zeb K_ Ljb]eZ\Zf fu fhebfky <_ebdhfm b FZeuf B \hl Ljb]eZ\u gZrb mdj_iyl gZk b [ukljh \kdhqZl gZ dhg_c \jZ]Zf ihjZ`_gb_ g_ky B lh m\b^bf dZd ;h]b h\eZ^_xl bfb B \hl m\b^bf qlh f_jl\u hgb b m[blu ;h]Zfb B gZf aZ Gbfb rZ]Zlv b \b^_lv f_jl\u_ l_eZ fgh]b_ ihlhfm dZd \_ebdZy jZlv I_jmgh\Z gZ gbo gZ[jhkbeZkv b jZaf_lZ eZ bo B \hl K\Zjh`bqb ke_\Z hl l_o [ukljh ^\b`mlky b >Z`^v[h] g_k_l ih[_^m gZrm \ jmdZo k\hbo jh^m KeZ\ghfm h[ HlpZo KeZ\m ^_j`Zs_fm ¹ b ^hgug_ gZ ihe_ ih[_^blv \jZ]h\ k\hbo fh]ms_fm

L _ I_jmgZ kbeZ \hkoblbeZ \hag_keZ Hj_y L _ k ijZohf k ]jyavx Ijhbaghkbl_evguc \ZjbZgl keh\Z ³Kmjh`v KmjZ`v´ L _ ih __ djh\b jm^u gZa\Zgbx L _ ³j^ygmx´ ³Zemx´ L _ djZ_\ l_o


B \hl @Zey `Zeblky gZ^ \jZ]Zfb b =hjxgy ]hjx_l h kf_jlb bo ihlhfm dZd jmdb ;h`_kdb_ bo ih\_j]Zxl <hl DZjugy ieZq_lky h f_jl\uo l_o qlh \klZeb gZ ljhi_ ;h`_kdhc b mfbjZxl B ihey l_ gZiheg_gu f_jl\ufb dhklyfb b ]heh\Zfb hl k_q_ggufb B jmdb b gh]b hl l_e hlk_q_ggu_ \Zeyxlky gZ ljZ\_ B kfjZ^ b^_l hl ih e_c l_o B \hjhgu e_lyl gZ gbo f_jl\u_ ]eZaZ dh\ujylv b _klv fm`_kdb_ fyku fgh]b_ mgbqlh`_ggu_ <hl j_q_l Hj_x K\Zjh] gZr dZd lh]h khl\hjbe ³Khl\hjx \Zk ba i_jklh\ fhbo B [m^ml ]h\hjblv qlh \u _kl_ kugu Bkl\Zj_]Z B klZg_l_ kugZfb Bkl\Zj_]h\u b [m^_ l_ dZd ^_lb Fhb b >Z`^v[h] [m^_l Hl_p \Zr B ?fm y\bl_ ihkemrZgb_ b Hg \Zf kdZ `_l qlh \Zf gZ^h[gh ^ey lh]h ^_eZlv b dZd ]h\hjblv b dZd ihklmiZlv B gZjh^ \_eb dbc ih[_^u h^_j`bl_ ih \k_fm k\_lm b jZah[v_l_ jh^u bgu_ ¹ \u l_ dhlhju_ \uah\ml kbeu ba dZfg_c qm^_kZ khl\hjyy ¹ [_a dhg_c ih\hadb b \kydb_ kh^__l_ qm^_kZ ihfbfh dm^_kgbdh\ ihlhfm qlh \kydbc [m^_l ]jyklb dZd dm^_kgbd b h[jy^ khl\hjyy aZdebgZ gby k^_eZxl gZ \hckdh b \hckdh ihdhjblky B lZd keh\Z fgh]b_ b fgh]b_ b l_fb keh \Zfb h^mjfZgbl_ \hbgh\ b ihjZ[hlbl_ b \ h[f_g aZ ahehlh \ h[f_g gZ lh ijh^Z^bl_ \hbgh\ \jZ]Zf ohlysbf lh]h´ B lh ;h]b \Zf j_dml b ^Z Hj__\u aZ\_lu ex[bl_ fbj a_e_guc b `bag_gguc B ex[bl_ ^jma_c k\hbo b [m^vl_ fbjgufb f_`^m jh^Zfb B ihke_ lh]h \ k\h_ \j_fy [ueb k_fv^_kyl dgya_c gZrbo lZdb_ dZd F_abkeZ\ ;h jmkeZ\ b Dhfhg_[jZg_p b =hjbkeZ\ B lZd ba[bjZ_fu [ueb b bgu_ \_q_f b hlklZ\ey_ fu \_q_f _keb ex^b g_ ohl_eb bo <hl wlb dgyavy \_kvfZ ljm`^Zebkv B Dur_d [ue \_ebd b fm^j B hg mf_j b ihke_ g_]h [ueb bgu_ b dZ`^uc ^_eZe qlh lh ^h[jh_ ^ey Jmkh\ IZfylv gZrZ wlh m^_j`b\Z_l ihlhfm ^he`gu fu bo keZ\blv \kydbc Ljba_gv dZd Ljb <_^u b ihqlblv iZfylv bo kugh\ gZrbo b gbdlh g_ kf__l wlh]h aZ[u\Zlv ¹ k_ ijhdeyl lZdhc [m^_l ;h]Zfb b q_eh\_dZfb b ex^b \u[jhkyl bfy _]h ba iZfylb gZ\_db

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

B [ue \ l_ \j_f_gZ hk_^euc h]gbsZgbg B \hl [eZ] hg [ue b ;h]b _fm ^Z\Zeb h\gh\ fgh]bo b kdhlZ gZ iZkl[bsZo \ kl_iyo B \hl [ueb hgb ijb ljZ\Zo fgh]bo b ;h ]b ^Z\Zeb _fm kdhlm ijbieh^ b mfgh`Zeb _]h B lZd ijbr_e ij_^ bo hqb kljZggbd b ]h\hjbl _fm ÂłImklv \uc^ml kugu l\hb ba a_feb wlhc \ djZc qm^_kguc aZ aZoh^hf khegpZ b lZf Khegp_ kibl gZ eh`_ ahehlhf B \hl Dhggbd kdZq_l d G_fm b ]h\hjbl Khegpm Ă„B^b Khegp_ \ Em]Z k\hb Kbgb_ LZd gZ^h[gh L_[_ \kdhqblv \ ih\hadm k\hx b ihdZaZlvky gZ \hklhd_ Âł B lZd kdZaZ\ kdZq_l lhl \ ^jm]b_ djZy B <_q_j kdZq_l [ebag_p B ^jm]hc Dhg gbd ]h\hjbl qlh Khegp_ aZoh^bl aZ ]hju k\hb b \hahd k\hc ahehlhc hklZ\ey_l b _]h \hjh]b ohlyl mdjZklv B lhl [ebag_p Dhggbd kdZq_l \ ^jm]b_ djZy B lZd AZjy b^_l b \_^_l bkdju k\hb b h^_`^u >Z`^v[h]h\u ljyk_l b bkdju g_kmlky \ djZy g_[_kgu_ ´ B lZd kdZaZe hg

<b^bfh k i_j_]eZkh\dhc lh `_ qlh DZjugy DZjbgZ Kf l` Keh\Zjv DZjugy DZjbgZ ieZdZevsbpZ ;h`_kl\h Kf l` ijbf_q L _ Âł\klZeb gZ ljhi_ ;h]h\ b f_rZxl bf´ L _ Âłij_\jZs_ggu_ \ gbqlh Âą ÅÀѽ´ G_ ba i_jklbÂąijZoZ dZd kqblZxl g_dhlhju_ Z ba i_jklh\ ^_yl_evguo hj]Zgh\ ihlhfm dZd hgb \uihegyxl a^_kv \hex HlpZ lh hgb Âą kugu Khl\hjb\r_]h IhgZqZem b m bg^bckdbo \_^bcp_\ [ueb Ljb <_^u q_l\_jlZy [ueZ ^h[Z\e_gZ iha`_ <hafh`gh bfy kh[kl\ Hk_^_gv L _ [ebag_p i_j\hfm \kZ^gbdm Âą kj \_^bckdbo [ebag_ph\Âą\kZ^gbdh\ :r\bgh\ kZfh bfy dhlhjuo b hagZqZ_l ÂłDhggbd´ GZ aZdZl_ hq_gv qZklh [u\Zxl i_jbklu_ h[eZdZ


B lZd ^\Z kugZ ihreb d aZdZlm khegpZ b \b^_eb lZf fgh]b_ qm^_kZ b ljZ\u aeZq gu_ B ihfqZebkv d Hlpm kdZaZlv _fm dZd ij_djZk_g djZc lhl B \hl fgh]b_ ie_f_gZ b jh^u baj_deb \hex ke_^h\Zlv ih imlb lhfm b ^\bgmebkv hgb \k_ qlh[u ihk_eblvky lZf B lml kdZaZe Hl_p Hj_c qlh[u kugu _]h [ueb \i_j_^b \k_o jh^h\ B g_ aZohl_eb hgb b ih^_ebebkv gZ wlbo b l_o <hl dgyav b^_l \_^_l ex^_c k\hbo gZ ihe^_gv b Hj_c \_^_l d djZyf fhjkdbf B lml [ueZ kmrv \_ebdZy b i_kdb fgh]b_ B ihreb hgb \ ]hju b lZf hk_eb gZ ihe\_dZ b kh[jZ\ ij_`^_ dhggbpm \_ebdmx ihreb \ a_feb qm`b_ B lZf \hbgu \klZeb gZ imlb bo b ijbgm`^Zeb bo kjZ`Zlvky b [ueb jZa[blu B lZd hgb reb ^Zevr_ b m\b^_eb a_feb l_ieu_ b ij_g_[j_]eb bfb ihlhfm dZd fgh]b_ qm`b_ ie_f_gZ lZf kb^_eb b ihreb ^Zevr_ B \hl ;h]b \_eb bo dZd ex^_c k\hbo B ^\bgmebkv hgb d ]hjZf \_ebdbf B lZf kjZ`Zykv k \jZ]Zfb reb ^Zevr_ : gZ k_c jZa gZ^h[gh gZf \kihfgblv h lhf b b^lb aZ k\hbfb dZd b Hlpu gZrb hqbklblvky fhebl\hx hfh\_gb_f b fulvky fhebl\u l\hjy k qbklhx ^mrhx k\h_x b l_ehf dZd K\Zjh] mklZgh\be wlh hfh\_gb_ b DmiZebq h lhf mdZam_l B g_ kf__f fu wlbf lh ij_g_[j_qv b fh_f k_[_ l_eh b mfu\Z_f ^mrb k\hb qbklhx \h^hx `b\hx B \hl b^_f fu ljm^blvky \kydbc ^_gv fhebl\u khl\hjy b kmjm iv_f lm dZd b \ ij_`gb_ \j_f_gZ fu wlh ^_eZeb B iv_f __ iylv jZa gZ ^_gv b \hko\Zey_f ;h]h\ gZrbo h jZ^hklb wlhc dh]^Z hgZ hkmjblky Fhehdh gZr_ ^ey ijhiblZgby gZr_]h b ijhdhjfZ b^_l d gZf hl dhjh\ b l_f fu `b\_f B ljZ\u aeZqgu_ Âą \Zjbf bo \ fhehd_ b lZd _^bf dZ`^uc qZklv k\hx b b^_f ljm^blvky Lh j_dm l_[_ kug_ fhc qlh \j_fy g_ ihl_jygh gh \_qgh \i_j_^b gZk B lZf m\b^bf IjZsmjh\ k\hbo b FZl_j_c dhlhju_ ljm^ylky \h K\Zj]_ b lZf klZ^Z k\hb iZkml b `blZ k\hb `gml b `bagv m gbo lZdZy `_ dZd b gZrZ LZf g_l gb =mggh\ b gb Weeb gh\ gh IjZ\v dgy`bl bfb B lZ IjZ\v bklbggZ ihlhfm dZd GZ\v klygmlZ \gba gh Y\v ^ZgZ gZf K\ylh\b^hf b m G_]h `_ b ij_[m^_l \h \_db \_dh\ B \hl AZj_[h] b^_l djZ_f l_f b j_q_l ijZsmjZf gZrbf dZd `b\_f fu gZ a_fe_ b lZf ]^_ fu _klv kljZ^Z_f b fgh]h ahe m gZk : lZf \_^v g_lm ahe m gbo b ljZ\u a_ e_gu_ r_e_klyl bf B r_e_klyl r_e_klhf k\hbf h <he_ ;h`v_c b kqZklbb ex^_c l_o B lZd fu m\b^bf kl_ib jZckdb_ \h K\Zj]_ dZdh\Zy _klv kbgyy B lZ kbgv b^_l hl ;h]Z K\Zjh]Z B <e_k b^_l ijZ\blv klZ^Z bo b b^ml hgb gZ aeZdb b \h^m `b\mx B gb dlh g_ aZdZ[Ze_g \ djZ_ lhf b jZ[h\ gbdZdbo ^jm]bo lZf g_l b `_jl\ bguo g_`_eb oe_[ g_l b \bgh]jZ^ b fz^ b a_jgh ^Zxl gZ fhe_[kl\byo l_o B lZd b j_q_f fu keZ\m ;h]Zf dZdh\u_ kmlv Hlpu gZrb b fu Âą kugu Bo B ^h klhcgu fu [ulv \h qbklhl_ l_e_kghc b ^mrb gZr_c qlh gbdh]^Z g_ mfbjZ_l B g_ mfj_l \h \j_fy kf_jlb l_e_k gZrbo B iZ^r_fm gZ ihe_ [bl\u I_jmgbpZ ^Z_l \h^u `b \hc hliblv B \uiv_l _z hg b ihc^_l \h K\Zj]m gZ dhg_ [_ehf B lZf I_jmgvdh _]h \klj_qZ_l b \_^_l \h [eZ]hc k\hc q_jlh] B lZf ij_[m^_l hg \h \j_fy lh b ihemqbl l_eh gh\h_ b lZd `blv _fm \ jZ^hklyo l_o \k_o ijbkgh b \h \_db \_dh\ aZ gZk fhebl\u l\h jy

i“BŠœÂ?Â… k bÀʺ¸ ^jm]b_ d iheghqb ÂŤ qlh[ÂŤ =hlu ÂŤ

L _ ijhreh_ g_ mreh [_a\ha\jZlgh gh \h K\Zj]_ m\b^bf ihlhf L _ G_[_kguf L _ Âł^hklhcgu fu [m^_f _keb [m^_f \ qbklhl_´ >hs_qdZ mkeh\gh haZ]eZ\e_gZ ŠK[hjgZy ^hs_qdZ ‹ =hlkdZy ÂŞ kh[jZgZ ba h[ehfdh\ b hkdhedh\ fgh]bo ^h s_q_d GZa\ZgZ =hlkdhc ihlhfm qlh \ wlbo njZ]f_glZo mihfbgZxlky ]hlu


ÂŤ `bagv ^jÂŤ ÂŤ :e^hj_oh\u `_ gbdlh dhlhju_ ÂŤ Ă‚ Æ gZklmiZxs_c Ă€½ Ă‚ ÆŽ ĂˆĂ†ĂŠĂ‹ÂŤ ÂŤĂ…Ă‹Ă?¸ Ă€½ \_^v m \h`^y ÂŤ ĂŠÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ^he`gu fu kdZaZlv ÂŤ ĂŠb Ă?b [heyj dhlhju_ gZ =hlh\ ihrebÂŤ b [heyj K_]_gy dhlhjuc m[be kugZ =_jfZgj_oZ Z hljhdZ =meZj_oZ jZgbe b ÂŤ ÆÀ ÂŤ ÂŤe^hj_om ^Zgv fu ^Z\Zeb k lh]h ÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ b ^he`gu [ueb ^Z\Zlv ^\_klb Êƍ ÂŤ \j_fy =_jfZgj_oZ ijbreb =hlu gZ ihemghqv b ijbreb gZ gZk b ihjZ[hlbeb ¸ g_ [jZeb Z dZ[Zem fu ^he`gu [ueb l_ji_lv Lh \_^v ^mjgh_ l\hjbehkv b l_ ÂŤ Jmkv iZeZ Z \jZ]b klZeb gZfb \eZkl\h\Zlv b wlh ^ebehkv ÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤĂ’ e_l b ÂżĂ’ĂŠĂˆ½Ă?ÆÄ É½Ă… b dZ[Z eZ klZeZ \j_f_g_f Ă†ĂŠĂˆĂ?½Ă?ÂŤ ¸Ă‰½Ă…Ă‘½ Jmku \hevgufb b `b\_f lZdÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ Ă€šº¸ Jmku \hkijyeb h l º½ĂˆÂŤ ÂŤ ž¸ =hlh\ l_o b ÂŤ ½ =hlu m]jh`Zeb a_fe_ JmkdheZgb b ÆšĂ†Ă‘¸Ă?Ă‹ Ă…ÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ fgh]b_ B \_^v ihg_kebkv hlpu d e_km m <hjhg`_gpZ b m^ZjbebÂŤ ÂŤ ÂŤ ih =hlZf \k_x kbehx b jZaf_lZeb bo šĂ—Ă‘ÂŤ º¸ gZklhysZy [ueZ \h \j_fy Dhghj_oZ k dhlhjuf ^\h_ \ureb :e^hj_o b ijZijZ \gmd =hlhj_o Hg \_^v ijZ^_^m =_jfZgZj_om ÂŤ ÂŤ dZd ÂŤ Ǎ ÂŤĂ•Ă‘¸ b ¸ b ÇÆ ĂŠĂ• hlju\hd hq_gv ihihjq_g b ¸ŸĂ” ÆÂ¸ĂˆĂ”½Ă‘¸ ¸ ÆÊš < l_ ]h^u [ueb lZf =hlu =_jfZgj_oZ b aeh[bebkv gZ gZk B lml [ueZ [hjv[Z \_ ebdZy b =hlu [ueb ihl_kg_gu b hl[jhr_gu ^h >hgpZ b >hgZ B =_jfZgj_o ibe \bgZ ex[\b [jZlkdhc k \h_\h^Zfb gZrbfb b lZd ihbklbg_ ]h\hjblky qlh gZklZeZ `bagv gh\ÂŤ ÂŤlh \j_fy dh]^Z =hlu ihreb gZ gZk k =_jfZgj_ohf k =mggZfb b lZd ɽ Ă‡ÂźĂ†ĂˆŸ½ bo b [ueh m gZk ^\Z \jZ]Z gZ ^\mo dhgpZo a_feb gZr_c B lh]^Z ;hehj_\ klhye i_j_^ ljm^Zfb \_ebdbfb FZl_jv <k_o e_l_eZ b ]h\hjbl _fm qlh bf kgZqZeZ ke_^m_l iZklv gZ =mggh\ b jZa[blv bo b ih\hjhlblvky gZ =hlh\ LZf lh ihjZabe hg kugZ =_jfZgj_oZ b mf_jl\be hlpZ _]h B lml =meZj_o Âł^jm]´ gZr lZd ibe djh\v b \bgh Z \f_kl_ k l_f \ h^bg ]h^ ihr_e k f_qhf gZ gZk B gZ lhl jZa ;hehj_\ j_d ba]gZlv =hlh\ B lZd kh\_jrbeb k l_f B gZ^h gZf [ueh qlh \kz lh Ă‹ĂˆĂ†Ă‘½Ă…ĂŠ½ ^h[jh klygmlv d keZ\_ k\h_c ihlhfm dZd gZ lhf klhbl [hjv[Z aZ `b\h lu gZrb @_eFaZ Hlph\ gZrbo dZd b dhe_kh b dhgb _klv kbeZ gZrZ Lh \_^v ^Z\Zeb fu k \Zfb ^jm]bf dh]^Z gZklZe ]heh^ÂŤ kdhehlh

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

<hl jZgu gZrb hl ^jm]bo fu ihemqbeb H[_jgbl_kv `_ gZaZ^ b ihjZabl_ \jZ]h\ B \hl ]hjh^Z gZrb \ ly]hl_ \k_c \h \j_fy k_qb wlhc <hl ]h\hjbf fu dgyax ;jZ\ebgm ijh^_j`Zlvky k ihfhsvx ]_jh_\ b m^_j`Zlv \hbgh\ k\hbo qlh[u ojZgbeb l_ kbem Jmkb dZd _^bgmx ]jham \jZ]Zf B lZd \hl hgb b k^_eZeb B \hl @fm^v jZkkdZaZeZ gZf h =hlZo dhlhju_ k >_l_j_ohf ihreb d ihemghqb b lZf @fm^v ih\_jgmeZ bo gZ ihe^_gv B \hl b^ml hgb gZ Jhf__\ b lZf \hxxl k e_ ]bhg_jZfb b \hbgZfb ^jm]bfb [_jml \udmi \_ebdbc hl gbo B \hl \lhj]Zxlky \ a_feb bo B \hl >_l_jbo m[bl [ue Dj_obfhf <hl \_^v =hlu wlb ijhlb\gu ;h]Zf b L_ \u ie_\u\Zxl bo

Kf l` l_dkl [ Kf l` l_dkl ihke_^gbc Z[aZp <ur_ lZd ]h\hjblky h =_jfZgj_o_ GZqbgZy hl ÂłgZ^h´ Âą ijbf_jguc i_j_\h^ < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ³À ĂŠ¸Ă‚º½ Ă€ ɽ´ [md\ Âłb lZdh\h_ b \hl´ Eblh\kdh_ ie_fy Kf l` kghkdm ÂłGZklhys__ bklhjbq_kdh_ \j_fy´ l _ Âłihreb´ b l ^


<hl ]_jhb gZrb m[h]b b KlZjrb_ Jh^bqb gZrb g_ ba[bjZxl ^jm]bo ba k\h_c kj_^u qlh[u l_ bfb mijZ\eyeb <hl b^_f fu d gbf b ke_^m_l bf jZkkdZaZlv h l_o b ihijZ\blv g_h`b^Zggh_ aZljm^g_gb_ B ihklZjZebkv fu h gbo b bo ke_aZo exluo ;v_l djuevyfb FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z b j_q_l gZf h ljm^ghf qZk_ aZkmob b fhjZ ]h \y^ B \hl agZ_f fu ¹ dZd j_q_gh IjZhlpZfb ¹ dZd D_evlu ihfh]eb bf b \hl IjZhlpu ihreb d gbf B lZd klh e_l hgb gZf ihfh]Zeb b lZd`_ Bevfu lh _klv Be_ju b fu k gbfb _kvfu jh^bqb B \hl Jh^ Jh`Zgbq ^_j`bl gZk m K_j^pZ Hlq_]h b hojZgbl gZk hl \jZ]h\ <hl \_^v hl\_j]eb fu wlh gug_ B y fhebe ;h]h\ qlh[u Hgb aZklmibebkv aZ gZk B wlh [m^_l lZd ykgh \_^v wlh ^ey gZk <hl \_^v \_eb Hgb Hlph\ gZrbo q_j_a ]hju b kl_ib g_kfhljy gZ =hlh\ B \hl ba >hgZ hgb ihibeb B lZ j_dZ gZrZ ihlhfm dZd ijh ebeb fu djh\v gZrm gZa_fv B lZ ¹ JmkkdZy a_fey b [m^_l Jmkkdhc <hl \_^v Jmkbqb _klv m gZk aZ[hlZ K\Zj`_gkdZy h gZk B \uihegy_f fu gZr `ba g_gguc ljm^ B \hl @fm^v ]h\hjbl gZf qlh ijbc^_l gZ ihfhsv gZf b ih^^_j`bl gZk ijhlb\ \jZ]h\ gZrbo Dhjuklb \_^v bf g_l gbdZdhc Wlh hgb \Zf kdZaZeb Y `_ bf kdZ aZe ³Ihfh]bl_ \ [hjv[_ jmkkdhc ijhlb\ \jZ]h\ fhbo b \Zrbo´ B \hl \ ljm^gh_ \j_fy gZr_ g_ h[jZsZ_f fu gZ k_[y \gbfZgby Z b^_f mfbjZlv aZ Jh^ gZr B \hl \ lhl ^_gv YfZ ijbf_l \ `_jl\m m[bluo B \hl \hjhgu kt_^yl ]eZaZ bo B \hl ljZ\Z ijhjZkl_l kd\hav q_j_iZ bo B g_ ih kbeZf gZf \b^_lv lZdh_ qlh[u ih l_jyeb fu ^h[jh b a_feb b kbem gZrm b g_m`_eb fu [m^_f dZd jZ[u \aylu d iem]Zf bo qlh[u dZd dhgyf lygmlv gZ iZrg_ bo b `Zl\m bo `Zlv qlh[u hgb _eb oe_[ gZr b fu _eb a_fex B g_ fh`_l wlh ihy\blvky \ fukeyo gZrbo B r_b gZrb g_ gZ^h[gh gZf dehgblv d a_fe_ B \hl ;h]b gZrb dehgyl \jZ]h\ gZrbo b kehfyl bf oj_[lu bo ihlhfm dZd ^_ja dh [_jml gZk \aylv gZr_ b \eZqZl `_g gZrbo b ^_l_c gZrbo gZ lhj`bsZ b lZf hklZ\ eyxl WeebgZf b =j_dZf aZ dZjlbgdb k_j_[jygu_ b ahehlu_ <hl \jZ]Zf ]h\hjbf ³Mf_gvrbl_kv \u dZd lvfZ ihke_ \hkoh^Z Kmjvb B \hl I_jmg gZdbg_lky gZ \Zk b jZk db^Z_l dZd h\_p B djZc lhl aZ[_jml b \Zrb \hbgu K\Zj]b mkljZrZlky´ B \hl agZf_ gb_ lh gZf qlh m G_iju jZkp\_eb ehau abfhc B \hl DmiZeh ihdZ`_l gZf agZf_gb_ h ih[_^_ gZ^ \jZ]Zfb b wlh gZf b gZ^h[gh ^_eZlv B \hl FZjv b^_l gZ gbo b Fhj <hl ^\h_ l_ ho\Zlyl kbeu bo b klZgml f_lZlv bo ih^ f_qb gZrb B \hl fhsv f_q_c hlf_`m_l bo <hl f_`Z jZa^_ey_l gZk B f_`Z lZ ihegZ djh\b b __ ij_klmiblv g_ ke_^m_l bf jZa\_ `_ gZf B lZd \hl ;hjZ\e_g kdZaZe qlh gZf ke_^m_l ihclb gZ gbo Wlh agZf_gb_ gZf j_q_l qlh ih[_^blv ^he`gu fu ihlhfm dZd fu _kvfu <_g^u : \hl <_g^u mk_ebkv gZ a_f e_ ]^_ Khegp_¹Kmjvy \ ghqb gZ ahehlhf eh`_ kibl B lZf bo a_fey _klv <hl K\Zjh]¹ Hl_p j_q_l h gbo b lZd`_ [jZlvy hgb kmlv gZrb \ djZ_ lhf b ]h\hjbf fu h gbo qlh ijb[_]ml d gZf \ qZk abfgbc b ih^^_j`Zl gZk B k_ KbeZ ;h`_kdZy ijb^_l d gZf b HgZ gZk m^_j`bl ^h dhgpZ : \hl <_g^u ¹ b d gbf ihc^_f ihfhsb ijhkblv ¹ b g_ bf_lv ihlhfm dZd \kydhfm gZjh^m gZ^e_`bl k_[y hojZgylv kZfhfm

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

<hl \_^v j_deb fu h[ wlhf g_dh]^Z b ^Z b^_l keh\h gZr_ d IjZ\^_ b lZdh\h g_jZa[hjqb\h H L h[j_eb fu IjZ\^m B \hl j_q_f fu bkklZjb keh\Z bkl_drb_ ba mkl Âą

< bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ [md\Zevgh ÂłB lh \b^_lv fu g_ kfh`_f qlh[u ´ L _ fhg_lu l d \ yaud_ <e_kdgb]b g_l keh\Z ^ey h[hagZq_gby f_lZeebq_kdbo ^_g_] L _ ÂłgZk b bo´ < wlhc njZa_ º½Ă…Ÿ½ wlbfheh]babjm_lky Z\lhjhf dZd h^ghdhj_ggh_ k º½Ă…ĂŠ½¿½ p ih[_^Z


Hlph\ gZrbo dhlhju_ kbevgufb [ueb B gZ^h[gh gZf ijb^_j`b\Zlvky bo keh\ b ^_e b lZd m]h^blv bf <_^v :kdhev^ b^_l k \Zjy]Zfb k\hbfb gZ gZk B k_ :kdhev^ ¹ \jZ] gZr <hl j_q_l gZf qlh ijbr_e ih `_eZgbx gZr_fm Z e`_l ihlhfm dZd hg _klv \jZ] ihbklbg_ ihlhfm dZd =j_d B \hl :kdhev^ _klv \jZ] \hhjm`_gguc ^ey lh]h qlh[u ]hkl_c Weebgkdbo hojZgylv lZf ]^_ hgb oh^yl ^h G_iju j_db B \hl :kdhev^ ijbr_e d gZf k Dgm^hf q_j_a ^\_klb e_l ihke_ :e^hj_oZ b ohq_l ijZ\blv gZfb B \hl >bjhk Weebg ]h\hjbe ³kfbjguc´ h k_[_ " Z \hl gZk ^Z\be ij_`^_ l_o B \hl :kdhev^ h^he_e >bjhkZ b hg l_i_jv h^bg gZ f_klh lh B lZd hg ¹ \jZ] gZr b g_ ohlbf _]h dZd \jZ]Z KlZju_ j_q_gby jZkkdZau\Zxl gZf qlh ijboh^be gZ Jmkh\ ^jm]hc :kdhev^ b qlh [m^ml ljb :kdhev^Z \jZ]Z B l_ \Zjy]b k_[y jZ^b ijbghkyl `_jl\u b g_ kmlv gZrb Z qm`bo dgya_c dhlhju_ g_ kmlv dgyavy gh \hbgu ijhklu_ b kbehc ihoblbeb \eZ^uq_ kl\h gZ^ l_fb B \hl Wj_d b^_l B \kihfgbf dZd jbfkdb_ hjeu g_jZa[hjqb\h H L ihjZ`_gu [u eb ^_^Zfb gZrbfb gZ mklv_ >mgZckdhf B \hl LjZyg gZiZe gZ >me_[h\ B \hl ^_^u gZrb ihreb gZ e_]bhg_jh\ l_o b jZkdb^Zeb bo B lh [ueh aZ ljbklZ e_l ^h gZr_]h \j_ f_gb b gZf gZ^h[gh wlh ^_j`Zlv \ iZfylb B \hl g_ ih^^Z^bfky Wj_dm dZd g_ ih^^Zebkv b ij_`^_ ^jm]bf ?klv m gZk dgyavy k\hb b jm]m fu bf ^Z\Zeb b [m^_f ^Z\Zlv ^h dhgpZ Gb Jhf_yf gb WeebgZf g_ \eZ ^uq_kl\h\Zlv gZ^ gZfb B lZd fu b ij_[m^_f B \hl >me_[u ]h\hjyl qlh fu _kvfu bf [jZlvy B lh ¹ bklZy ijZ\^Z ihlhfm dZd ijhbkoh^yl hgb hl h^gh]h dhjgy qlh b fu B lh \kihfgbf dZd LjZyg [ue ^_^Zfb gZ rbfb jZa[bl b e_]bhg_ju _]h \ jZ[kl\h \aylu [ueb gZ ihey gZrb b dh]^Z hgb lZf ih ljm^bebkv ^ey gZk ^_kylv e_l hlims_gu gZfb B \hl Jhf_b ]h\hjyl qlh fu _kvfu \Zj\Zju B \hl =j_db ]h\hjyl djm]hf qlh fu ¹ \Zj\Zju B l_ b ^jm]b_ lh obsgbqZxl b aZjylky gZ a_fex gZrm B wlh a_fey dhlh jmx \ayeb fu f_qhf b djh\vx b lZ _klv wlZ a_fey B \hl LjZyg [ue aZ iylvkhl e_l ^h =hlh\ B lZd b k_]h^gy ]h\hjbf qlh \hexr dZ gZrZ g_ i_j_klZg_l ^h dhgpZ `bagb gZr_c B ^hklhcgh gZf [blvky aZ `bagv gZrm f_qZfb B wlh j_q_l \Zf Ohjm]ugv hl HlpZ Hj_y B Hg ¹ ijhkbl_ev \Zr i_j_^ ;h]Zfb ihlhfm dZd ^Zxl Hgb \Zf kbem b \eZklv gZ^ a_fe_c \Zr_c Hdjm`_gu fu \jZ]Zfb b kjZ`Z_fky ;ueb <hjhg`_g_p j_dZ b ]hjh^ B lZf Hlpu gZrb jZa]jhfbeb =hlh\ B lZd b fu jZa]jhfbf \jZ]h\ l_o K_ k_[yq_kl\h k\h_ hl^Z^bf b kdZ`_f qlh [m^_l bghc qZk b gZf B lZf FZl_jv <k_o KeZ\Z i_j_^ gZfb b^_l ihlhfm dZd h]hgv HgZ ^ZeZ IjZsmjZf gZrbf B k_ Smju gZrb \h K\Zj]_ jZ^mxlky h gZk K_ \_^v IblZjm >bx fheylky h gZk B k_ Hj_c ajbl gZ k\hbo ex^_c B k_ g_ fh`_f ih\_jgmlv kibgu k\hb \jZ]Zf B \hl [ue \h \j_fy lh >bjhk B [ue hg =j_pdheZg b ijhiZe B ijbr_e gZ gZk :kdhev^ b Wj_d B fhebe lh y ;h]h\ ba[Z\blv Jmkv hl aeZ wlh]h

Âą

L _ wlb \Zjy]b gZ_fgbdb gZgylu g_ gZfb Z qm`bfb dgyavyfb Lml ¹ jbfkdbc bfi_jZlhj LjZyg H[_sZgb_ deyl\m Ohly g_fgh]h \ur_ ]h\hjblky qlh aZ e_l ^h \j_f_gb dh]^Z gZibkZg wlhl l_dkl l _ ijbf_jgh ,; \_d L _ kZfhklv w]hbaf hl[jhkbf Smju Qmju khijbqZklgu_ ;h`_kl\_gghfm \h K\Zj]_ Ij_^db ]_jhb kj kZgkdj çVUD fm`_kl\_gguc hl\Z`guc ]_jhc \hbg l` IjZsmju KZgkdj >bc >vymk IblZj ¹ G_[h Hl_p


i“BŠœ�… k ## k

K_ ojZgbf fu IblZjZ >by ihlhfm dZd Hg hkh[h klhbl ih^e_ FZl_jb Ijhl_\u K_ \_^v lh [u\Z_l ijb kh\klmie_gbb \ bklhqgbdb b HgZ b^_l jmdb \ha^ufZy dh oey[yf B wlh ^Z_l ^h`^v dhlhjuc b^_l b gZkusZ_l ?_ B bf__f fu `blh gZr_ b `Zl\m `g_f \h keZ\m ?_ <_^v Ijhl_\Z _klv A_fey gZrZ b ?_ ojZgbf dZd b hlpu gZrb B \hl \_gqZ_f K\Zj]m b A_fex B kijZ\ey_f k\Z^v[m Bo dZd fu `^_f lh]h K_ L\Zjbq _klv K\Zjh] Z Ijhl_\Z _klv @_gZ ?]h B \hl ijZa^gbd fu mkljZb\Z_f dZd ^ey Fm`Z b @_gu B fu _kvfu ^_lb Bo B lZd j_q_f Âł>Z [ulv L_[_ a^hjh\hc b kqZkleb \hc b bf_lv ^_l_c fgh]bo B ^Z ijhkeZ\brvky ´ B lZd ajy L_[y \ \h^Zo [m^v fgh]hieh^ghc b ^Z_rvky Lu fm`m k\h_fm IblZjm B ^Zc h[_sZgb_ L\hbf qlh [m^_rv ihegZ ieh^h\ njmdlh\ b a_jgZ B \hl jZ^m_fky h L_ [_ b Ă†ÂťĂ‹Ăˆ¸¿ŸĂ” ho\Zlu\Z_l L_[y b [m^_l lZd ^h dhg_qgh]h ^gy <hl \_jgu_ L\hb fheyl h [eZ]Zo b ^h[j_ qlh[u [ueZ bf `bagv kgZ[`_gZ ihlj_[guf b `_jl\u ijbghkblv jZ^b lh]h b mih\Zlv gZ jmdh\h^kl\h L\h_ <_j]mg \_^v fh`_l k oey[_c ^Zlv \ q_f gm`^Z gZrZ B fhebfky h lhf <hl \_^v Hg^_j _klv m gZk Dhlhjuc _klv ih ^jm]hfm I_jmg_p B \hl ih\_j]Z_l Hg \jZ]h\ gZ oj_[_lbsZ Z lZd`_ hlju\Z_l ]heh\u bo b ]h\hjbl k g_[Z b db^Z_l bo gZ fhj_ b imsb B \hl kmrv gZe_lZ_l ba djZ_\ qm`bo B lZf hgZ ^h lh]h \j_f_gb ihdZ __ IblZj g_ hl\_^_l kujhklv g_ky b^_l \hkiylv b [jhkZ_l bo gZ l_o ^Z\y bo B fheylky hgb ;h]Zf lhc @Ze_ b =hjxg_ lhc b lZd \klZxl ;h]b hl fm`_c l_o i_j_^ K\Zjh]hf B Hg hlgbfZ_l jmdb k\hb hl [hjh^u b ih\_e_\Z_l ^h`^yf l_qv gZ ihey l_ B \hl i_jklv aZkhorZy gZkulblvky fh`_l ih <he_ ;h`_kdhc b aeZdb fh]ml ih^gylvky d Ebpm >by B k_ \b^bl_ Kmjvx \hl \_^v Kmjvy `b\bl gb\m b ihegbl kbehx a_e_gu_ dmklu b aeZdb B l_ hl ?z jmd h`b\Zxl b a_e_g_xl b lh `gb\v_ \ujZklZ_l b kh[bjZ_f _]h \ `blgbpu gZrb B l_ kghiu kdeZ^u\Z_f \ gbo B j_q_f qlh <_j]mg_p Hg^_jZ iZ^Z_l d gZf b gZqbgZ_l jZklblv `gb\v_ b aeZdb l_ B \hl _klv m gZk ihbklbg_ oe_[ gZr <hl [jhkZ_f lh \ yfm b ijb]hlh\ey_f [j_\gZ jh\gu_ " B ]h\hjbf qlh _klv Ă€¿ŸĂ€½ Z ihke_ lh]h aZ`b]Z_f h]hgv kbevguc b [jhkZ_f \ g_]h [j_\gZ l_ Z h]hgv [v_l ^h g_[_k b lZf yaud _]h lj_i_s_l b jZa^\Zb\Z_lky b gZljh_ ^_eblky B lh _klv agZd hl ;h]h\ qlh ex[blky `_jl\Z lZ Bf b ohlyl Hgb _z : [m^v [em^_gv dZdhc dhlhjuc [m^_l i_j_kqblu\Zlv ;h]h\ l_o hl^_eyy hl K\Z jh]Z ba\_j`_g [m^_l ba jh^Z ihlhfm dZd g_l m gZk ;h]h\ djhf_ <urgy B K\Zjh] b bgu_ kmlv fgh`_kl\h ihlhfm dZd ;h] _klv ?^bg b Fgh`_kl\_g >Z g_ jZa^_ey_l gbdlh lh]h Fgh`_kl\Z b g_ j_q_l qlh bf__f ;h]h\ fgh]bo K_ \_^v K\_l hl Bj_y b^_l d gZf b ^Z [m^_f lh]h ^hklhcgu

Ijhl_\Z Ijblob\b FZlv A_fey kj kZgkdj 3 J a_fey kljZgZ QRP SU ;h]bgy a_feb A^_kv ohjhrh \b^gZ b^_glbqghklv K\Zjh]Z dZd ;h`_kl\Z G_[Z b K\Zj]bÂąG_[Z Z lZd`_ fm`kdhc jh^ keh\Z ɺ¸Ăˆ¸ G_[hÂąK\Zj]Z hlh`^_kl\ey_lky a^_kv k ^jm]bf g_[_kguf ;h`_kl\hf >b_f >vymkhf IblZjhf Wibl_l fhegbb I_jmgZ I_jmgpZ ÂłI_jmg´ `_ Âą \ k\hx hq_j_^v wibl_l Hg^_jZ Hg^ju Bg^ju hagZqZxsbc lh `_ qlh b Âł\_j]mg´ lh]^Z dZd ÂłI_jmg_p <_j]mg_p´ Âą lhl dlh wlm fhegbx f_q_l Âą \_j`_l <b^bfh bghkdZaZl_evgh h ]jhf_ L _ e_kgu_ qZsb L _ \hafh`gh ba aZ bo fhebl\ b `Zeh[ L _ d G_[mÂąK\Zj]_ L _ emq_cÂąjmd L _ Âłlh qlh ih\_j]Zxl [jhkZxl´ l _ fhegby h`b\hl\hjyxsZy jZkl_gby L _ aZ[em`^Zxsbcky

Ă‡ĂˆĂ†ĂŠĂ€½º½ \hafh`gh Ă‡Ăˆ½ĂŠĂ€½º½ Âą

S WKLY


i“BŠœ�… k ### k

H[jZlbfky d L_[_ ;h`_ ihlhfm dZd gZf ^Z_rv kmjm iblv kf_jlgmx b gZ \jZ]h\ ]jy^_rv b bo [v_rv f_qhf L\hbf DZd [u lmfZghf b k\_lhf fhjsbrv ]eZaZ B ¸Ă…Ă’Ă‘ gZ gbo gZe_lZ_rv qlh[u k_[_ mgbqlh`blv lh ihbklbg_ I_jmgm b \hl ihlhfm dZd k Gbf ba[Z\bfky hl \jZ]h\ ]jZ[bl_evkdbo b ^Zkl dh]^Z lh lhl ^_gv dZd ohq_rv Lu >Z b y [u bf Ă‹Ă‡Ăˆ½Ă…¿º½Ă…ĂŽ½Ă‘Ă€ b ]jhfblv gZk : lh [ueb KbeZ L\hy gZ gZrb ihey hieh^hl\hjyxsZy b ]jhf dhlhjuf eblvky gZ gbo b ihlhfm fu _kvfu [eZ]b ihlhfm dZd b^_f ih <he_ L\h_c ÂŤ Mlj_ggxx keZ\m y L_[_ j_d B lZd ]h\hjbf qlh Lu [eZ] _kb b ih^Zl_ev [eZ] gZ rbo ÂŤ bkim]Zgu hgb b dZd h\pu m[_]Zxl ÂŤ ^Z [m^_f fu m L_[y \h \k_ ^gb B ^Z [m^_f L_[_ \_jgufb b ^h dhgpZ KeZ\u L\h_c ÂŤ Hlq_ \_^v Lu gZr _kb ^Z <h`^v b ^Z [m^_rv lZdh\uf \h \k_ ^gb ÂŤ @_jl\m L_[_ mkljZb\Z_f dmrZgv_ ba [ZjZgbgu B lZd fu \hki_ \Z_f KeZ\m b <_ebqb_ L\h_ÂŤ KeZ\bf fu >Z`^v[h]Z >Z [m^_l Ihdjh\bl_ev b AZklmigbd Hg gZr hl Dhey^u ^h Dhey^u B ieh^u gZ iheyo ^Z ^Zkl ljZ\u kdhlm b ^Zkl gZf \h \k_ ^gb ]h\y^Zf mfgh `blvky b a_jgZ `blgh]h fgh`_kl\h qlh[u gZf f_^h\bqb aZ\_klb b i_qv ;h]Z K\_leh]h keZ\blv Kmjh`_f gZau\Z_fh]h gZqbgZy k abfu b dh]^Z ^\b`_lky gZ e_lh ?fm `_ ih_f fu keZ\m dZd b Hlpu ih iheyf ÂŤ KeZ\bf H]g_[h]Z K_fZj]_eZ ^_j_\h ]juams_]h b khehfm b h]g_dm^jh_ ebph jZa \b\Zxs_]h mljhf ^g_f b \_q_jhf B ?fm ^Z_f gZ khl\hj_gb_ dmrZgv_ _^m b iblv_ ih lhfm dZd ?^bguc ojZgbf _klv \ i_ie_ B ?]h \a^m\Z_f b ]hjbl h[h]j_\Zy a_fex gZrm MdeZ^u\Z_lky hl KhegpZ b ^h KhegpZ b k\hb ĂˆĂ†žĂ— \_ebdb LZf \_^v ohjhrb_ em]Z b lZf \h^bf ]h\y^ ^Z ijhieh^blvky bf <he_x >Z`^v[h]h\hc Dhlhjh]h keZ\bf fu ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… [ k ### k

B^_f \ ^hfu k\hb ]^_ fu `b\_f >Z k\ylblky bfy ?]h ¹ Bg^jZ Ihlhfm dZd g_k_l gZk ;h] f_q_c ;h]h\ b <_^u agZxsbc LZd \hki_\Z_f fu fhsv ?]h B _klv m gZk b klZ ^Z kdhlZ dhlhju_ [_j_`_f hl aehdhag_gguo \kydbo b l_ klZ^Z m[_j_`_gu [ueb BlZd fu ¹ :jbckdbc gZjh^ ijbr_^rbc ba a_f_ev :jbckdbo \ djZc Bgvkdbc B \\yaZebkv fu \ [bl\m ^Zlv qlh[u jZc ljZ\guc kdhlm aeZdb aeZqgu_ B lZf \_k_ev_ \_ebdh_ gZk ho\Zlbeh B j_d lZf HlpZ ]hehk :jby lj_f kugZf jZa^_eblvky gZ ljb jh^Z b b^lb gZ ihe ^_gv eb[h gZ aZoh^ khegpZ : lh [ueb Dbc S_d b Ohjb\ B lZd kh^_y\ \ureb \ ^jm ]b_ f_klZ ljb jh^Z B k_e \kydbc \ k\h_c h[eZklb Dbc `_ j_d klZ\blv ]jZ^ b _fm bfy ^Zgh ³Db_\´ LZf abfm fu ijh`beb b ^\bgmebkv lZd ih H\k_gx gZ ihe^_gv b lZf kdhl iZkeb ^h gZqZeZ e_lZ ?keb `_ dlh agZy lh g_ j_q_l o\Zem ;h]Zf ljbdeyl [m^_l KeZ\Z I_jmgm ;h]m gZr_fm Dhlhjuc \_^v gZk ojZgbl b lZd`_ Hg ¹ [h`v_]h a^hjh\vy Ih^Zl_ev b [eZ]Z a_fgu_ ih^Z_l ?fm \_^v iZebf fu H]hgv <_qguc \ =jZ^_ Gh\_ gZ <heoh\_ b gZ ]hj_ m e_kh\ eb[h \ ^m[jZ\_ m [h`vbo [_j_a eb[h ^m[h\ ihlhfm dZd ;h]b gZrb kmlv lZf ih lhfm dZd >Z`^v[h] ^Z_l ijhkysbf b ihlhfm L_[y ;h`_ fu \hko\Zey_f

Beb ÂłOhjkh\u´ Ă?Ă†ĂˆĂ†Ă‰Ă€ < Š<DÂŞ bf__lky lhevdh nhlhdhiby jmdhibkgh]h l_dklZ X I Fbjhex[h\Z ^Zgghc ^hs_qdb k dhlhjhc b gZ[jZg ^Zgguc l_dkl L _ ÂłijbgZ^e_`Zsbc Dbx´


i“BŠœ�… k k

B [ueb ih\_j`_gu JmkdheZg_ =hlZfb =_jfZgj_oZ : hg ohl_e `_gsbgm ba jh^Z gZr_]h b __ ih\j_^be <hl \h`^b gZrb ihg_kebkv gZ g_]h =_jfZgj_o jZa[be bo b ih \_j] Jmkh\ <_^v ;mkZ `_ b k_fv^_kyl ^jm]bo hg jZkiye B lml i_qZev \_ebdZy [ueZ gZ Jmkb B \klZe fheh^hc <_g^_keZ\ b kh[jZe Jmkv b ih\_e __ gZ gbo B \ lhl jZa jZa ]jhfbe =hlh\ B g_ ^Ze @Ze_ gbdm^Z b^lb IhreZ hgZ gZ iheghqv B lZf k^_eZeky hllh ]h eZ^ B \hl DZjbgZ \hl b JZ^hklv \hl b >_^ gZr >Z`^v[h] kh \k_fb wlbfb ]_jhyfb ihlhfm dZd h^_j`Zeb Hlpu gZrb   fgh`_kl\h gZf gh \_^v b aZ[hl fgh]h B lZd a_fey =hlkdZy hklZeZkv Jmkkdhc b ^h dhgpZ lZdh\hc b ij_[m^_l B FZl_jv <k_o j_deZ JmkZf qlh hgb fh]ml k_eblvky \ hdjm]_ B dh]^Z hgb gZ lh kh]eZkbebkv l_ =j_db ^h\_eb bo ^h \hcgu b ^h ^jm]hc b lZd [_a dhgpZ B lZf Jmku ih l_jyebkv \h\k_ b fgh]b_ \hbgu iZeb Ihreb Jmku ijhqv hl =j_dh\ b ihk_ebebkv gZ >hgm b >hgp_ Z ihlhf ihreb d >g_ijm b >mgZx b lZf fbjgh `beb : \ lhl jZa \jZ]b H[ju gZiZeb gZ gbo dhlhjuo fu g_ h^he_eb ih ^h[jm ba [ulv dZd hljZ\m b gZkh\k_f b hl^_ebebkv hl gbo BlZd e_lbf fu h[hjhgylv Jmkv b hk\h[h^blv __ \hl ohlv kZfb ijhiZ^_f <hl ^j_\gb_ Jh^bqb j_deb b klZjZebkv deyl\m h \_jghklb ^_j`Zlv ^h kZfhc kf_j lb B gZf gZ^h mf_j_lv Z Jmkv hk\h[h^blv KdZ`_f qlh _keb dlh g_ `_eZ_l b^lb \ [bl\m b ihc^_l ^hfhc \havf_f _]h aZ jmdb¹aZ gh]b b hl^Z^bf _]h =j_dZf qlh[u dZd \he jZ[hlZe b dZjfZ _]h [m^_l ly`_ehc Z Jh^ _]h ba\_j]g_l b ieZdZevsbpu hieZqml _]h b bfy _]h aZ[m^_l_ b fu aZ[m^_f Ih[_^u ij_keZ\gu_ [m^ml ba jh^h\ \ jh^Z gZrb Fu lhfm Fbljb^Zlm ih^iZeb b JmkdheZgvx ij_g_[j_]eb B lml \g_aZigh m\b^_eb fu i_j_^ kh[hc =mggh\ l_o dhlh ju_ oh^yl \ ghqb hljhdb obsgu_ B [bebkv lh fu k gbfb b jZa[beb bo b ij_l_ji_eb fgh]h aeZ B \hl ihke_ =mggh\ gZreZ gZ gZk \_ebdZy [_^Z ¹ H[ju lh dZd i_khd fhjkdhc dhlhju_ kdZaZeb hl^Zlvky \ jZ[kl\h Jmkb p_ehc B ijhlb\ l_o H[jh\ fu \klZeb b klZeb \h_\Zlv B g_ [ueh \ lh \j_fy eZ^m gZ Jmkb b \hl H[ju h^_j`Zeb kbehx ih[_^m gZ^ gZfb B \hl \h`^b ŸË \hl ijbfmq_gu [ueb H[jZfb ^Zgv \uieZqb\Zy    \h bgu \k_ ihreb gZ =j_dh\ b lh fu agZeb b g_ [ueh m gZk ^jm]bo b lZd fu gZ \_q_ kh ^_yeb kh]eZkgh \h`^yf b   \hbgu ihreb ^h >mgZy b ^Zevr_ b hllm^Z g_ \_jgmebkv Lh]^Z <heugyg_ kdZaZeb h _^bgkl\_ gZr_f b jh^ aZ jh^hf kh]eZkbebkv B    h^he_eb kbem \_ebdmx [eZ]h^Zjy _^bg_gbx B g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy Hlpu gZrb kh]eZrZ ebkv k l_f B k H[jZfb [ueh ihdhgq_gh LZd `_ b k_]h^gy gZf gZ^h[gh klhylv ^h kf_j lb b [hjhlvky aZ a_fex ^h dhgpZ G_ =j_db eb b^ml gZ gZk b kbehx ]j_fyl" G_ I_jmg eb gZf _klv <h`^v b k Gbf =j_dh\ jZa]jhfbf <b^bl_ dm^Z \hjhgu e_lyl" B lZf [m^_l kf_jlv b e_lyl hgb d =j_dZf B lZd [m^_l

i“BŠœ�… k k

Âą

ÂŤ ÂŤ bo kl_j_qv ÂŤ b [hjheky ÂŤ ÂŤ g_ [m^_l lZd ÂŤ <hl ;h]Zf gZ^h[gh ÂŤ \hbgh\ `_ B^_f bklbgghc kl_a_x ÂŤ \hc^_f ÂŤ k ÂŤ ÂŤ b k ÂŤ aZ ^jm]bfb ÂŤ em]ZÂŤ

Ijhims_gh y\gh Âłih[_^´ L _ Âłba[Z\blvky hl´ < hjb]bgZe_ Ă‚¸Ăˆ¸ Æ šĂ‹Ÿ½ĂŠ½ ĂŠĂ—žĂ‚¸ ih kfukem dZd jZa ÂłdZjfZ [m^_l ly`_ehc´ ÂłDZjfZ´ dZd b ÂłdZjZ´ lZd`_ hl dhj gy ÂłdZj´ Âł^_eZlv´ L _ ÂłhklZ\beb´ <b^bfh Âł>me_[kdb_´ kh]eZkgh I<E L _ qlh _^bgu k gZfb Beb Âłbf_xl´ "


>hgm \aylv ÂŤ B \hl ]hg_p ijbkdZdZe b hg ]h\hjbl dbgmlvky gZ >mgZc b lZf <hehoh\ [blv ÂŤ b \hl jZa[blu hgb l_i_jv ÂŤ <hl \_^v \ ^j_\gb_ \j_f_gZ fgh]b_ jh^u kh[bjZeb \h`^_c M gbo `_ [ueb KlZj pu b <_q_ >jm]b_ bf_eb dgyay dhlhjuc kh[bjZe ih k_fb djm]h\ hl Dhey^u ^h Dhey ^u B \hl lZd \kydbc jh^ mijZ\eyeky Dm^_kgbdb `_jl\u l\hjbeb b \kydbc jh^ bf_e klZjh]h dm^_kgbdZ dhlhjuc ^jm]bf JZ^h]hs ^Z\Ze b bfb mijZ\eye bf_y gZ q_e_ >Z`^v[h]Z khh[jZamykv k Dhlhjuf ihklmiZe Âą

ÂŤ \hehrkdb_ \hbgu ihreb gZ gZk ÂŤ g_ fh]eb ÂŤ klZ\blv ɽ ÇÆʺƍ ÂŤ ŸÆË ÂŤ ÂŤĂ‚ĂˆĂ’Âş hl ÂŤ ÂŤ hl ½Ăˆ½ <hl lj_[Z gZrZ \ wlb ^gb _klv m gZk dZd m Hlph\ gZrbo GZ G_ijkdhf [_j_]m b m Jhkb ]jZ^u bf_xlky B \hl Jmkbqb ihreb hl ;_ehc <_`b b hl Jhkb gZ G_ijkdmx a_f ex b lZf Dbc kha^Ze ]jZ^ Db_\ B kh[jZebkv \f_kl_ Iheyg_ >j_\eyg_ Djb\bqb b Ey ob \ dmqm Jmkkdmx b klZeb \k_ Jmkbqb <hl hl f_qZ ]heh\u =h\hjbf qlh gZoh^blky kijZ\Z hl gZk Z _keb gZqg_lky b ihke_ dhlhjh]h l_ klZeb lhfm jZ^m_fky m k\hbo [m^mqb hqZ]h\ b ihbf kmjhc bo <hl \_^v ijb^_l \hl dZd fu b \hl \ayeb ^jm]h_ \ fukeb b ihreb gZ \jZ]h\ Hlph\ gZ rbo b jZah[v_f bo ÂŤ ÂŤ Ă…½ ÇÆĂ?¸Ă„½ qlh \hl \kihfgbf FZoZ dhlhjuc KeZ\yg \f_kl_ gZ \k__^bgkl\h aĂŠfeb kh[jZe ÂŤ ÂŤ _keb `_ \ jZamf_ oh^yl ^Z ihemqZl k\h_ ÂŤ ÂŤ qlh [m^ml jZ^h\Zlvky Z ihlhf ihc^ml aZ l_fb \k_fb ÂŤ ÂŤ g_dhlhju_ kmlv Æ Ÿ½Ă‘½ l_ ÂŤ ;h]b gZrb kmlv ;Ăłev rb_ Jh^bqb ÂŤ ÂŤ <kihfgbf \j_f_gZ FZoZ dhlhjuc [ue h^bg b fu lh`_ h^gb [ueb ÂŤ ÂŤÂşĂ’ĂƒĂ†Ă? \_^v \_ebd K_]h jZ^b b^_f ihlhfm dZd [jZlkdh]h \bgZ fu ibeb ÂŤ ÂŤ LZd \hl g_ kf__l_ gZaZ^ ]ey^_lv lhevdh \i_j_^ ÂŤ ÂŤ B \hl b^bl_ d >mgZx ÂŤ ÂŤ Jhf_yf `_ om^h ÂŤ ¸ Ă?¸Ăƒ¸šĂ‹ĂŠĂ€ šĂƒÂŤ ÂŤ : \hbgu jhf_ckdb_ ljmkeb\u <u h^_j`bl_ keZ\m gZ ihe_ b \hl Jhf_yf hl^Z^bf ieZlm aZ aeh bo <hl wlb ÅÓ ÂŤ hl^Zlv b \hl ibsm ih_^bf \ l_o `_ Ă…Ă€ĂˆĂ€Âź ÂŤ Ohjiu \ua\hebeb Jmkh\ ÂŤ B \hl Njy`pu b^ml \i_j_^ ÂŤ \uo\Zlbeb f_qb k\hb gZ \Zk b ÂŤ b lZ \hcgZ ij_[m^_l ^h dhgpZ ^g_c gZrbo ÂŤ B \hl djh\v \uib\Zeb hgb m ɺ½Ă…¿½ [jZlv_\ ^h kf_jlb Gh \_^v hgb bkq_agml ÂŤ ijhqv k ]eZa \_^v gZrbo Fu bo ÂŤ hl[jÂŤ jZ^mykv h lhf ÂŤ ÂŤ dZd [u ijZa^gbd ÂŤ ÂŤ gZ^h[gh gZf h \hbgZo Ă…¸ \kiylv gZrb G_ gZ^h[gh gZf \_^v kjZ`Zlvky ÂŤ <hl Ă‹¿Ÿ½ ÂŤ

i“BŠœ�… k ### k

B \hl dgyax Dbx gZ mf ijbreh ihclb gZ ;he]Zj B jZlv lh ih]gZe gZ iheghqv b ^h kZfh]h <hjhg`_gpZ ihr_e b lZf \klZe b lZd ^he`_g [ue k\hbo \hbgh\ Iheyg ih \_jgmlv B \hl ]heh^hf bo \aye b lZd =heugv ]jZ^ jmkkdbc hlh[jZeb hgb m l_o gZ >hgkdhc a_fe_ LZd k l_fb l_ djZy aZ[jZe b Jmkbq_c gZk_ebe E_[_^_gv `_ kb^_e \ ]jZ^_ Db_\_ m ]hju \u^_eyykv mfhf b ijZ\be hl ojZfZ <hl [ueh lhj`bs_ weebgkdh_ b :jZ[u m\b^_eb dZd ijZ\blv ke_^m_l B \hl Dbc hl\_e ihedb k\hb hl \jZ]h\ b lm^Z ]^_ ;he]Zju Ă…½ Ă‡Ăˆ½Ă…½Ă‘½ ɽ ba l_o a_f_ev jh^Zf ^Zlv <hl keZ\Z oh^beZ ih h[_ klhjhgu bo \k_o Z lZf gZqZeb hgb k =hlZfb kjZ`Zlvky b kbeZ ex^kdZy bo ih]gZeZ ijhqv B lZd a_feb gZrb jZkdbgmebkv hl djZy ^h djZy dZd JmkdheZgv Q_j_a [bl\m ^Zggmx ;h]Zfb hl[bebkv fu hl \jZ]h\ b lZd __ m^_j`Zeb : \hl [ue =heugv ]jZ^ hg [ue \_ebd b [h]Zl B \hl \jZ]b ijbreb d g_fm b ih^h`]eb _]h B kl_gu hgb kh`]eb b klZeb fu h[hjhgylv lm dj_ihklv gZrm ihdZ Jmkkdb_ g_ ih[_^beb

Beb ³\kiylv gZf´ L _ ih^ gZa\Zgb_f ³JmkdheZgv´


<hl _klv a_feb <he`kdb_ ih JZ j_d_ k h[_bo klhjhg Lh [ueZ \ky lZ a_fey Hlph\ gZrbo B hgZ [ueZ k\hy m gZk \ l_ ]h^u b __ fu m[_j_]Zeb Ihc^_fl_ lm^Z i_j_abfh \Zlv gZf k \Zfb J^ygmx djh\v ijhev_f gZ g__ dZd hgZ [m^_l eblvky ba gZrbo jZg rbjhdbo Âą gZk b \h_\h^ gZrbo B djh\v bkl_q_l gZ a_fex b lh jmkkdZy djh\v Âą b a_fey dhlhjmx fu \ayeb k_[_ D lhfm b \b^_eb fu lZdhc agZd \h ^gb gZrb qlh gZf gZ^h[gh b^lb \ kl_ib l_ ^Z g_ ebrbfky fu a_feb gZr_c b [m^_f \h\_d JmkZfb B kljh`_l gZf I_jmg klj_eu k\hb qlh[u fu kbem ?]h ijbgyeb ^Z[u \jZ]h\ hl[jhkblv B [ueh lZd \_d p_euc LZ \_^v \hcgZ g_ klboZ_l b ihlhfm Âą kjZ`_gby MagZeb fu gZ gbo kbem k\hx B ihreb fu \ =hemgv b Kmjh`kdmx a_fex Ih lm jmdm Âą fhj_ >me_[kdh_ Z ih e_\mx Âą =hlu B ijyfh gZ ihe^_gv [ueb Weebgu <hl fu k gbfb lhj`bsZ mkljZb\Zeb b `beb gZr_c `bagvx B h[j_eb fu kbeu k\hb dh]^Z [ueb \k_ \f_kl_ K_ j_q_f fu ]jhfdh keZ\m ;h]Zf B lZf ^_eZ_f kmjm b iv_f __ \h keZ\m [h`_kdmx b j_q_f qlh oh jhrZ hgZ B lml ih^_ebeb fu kl_iv lm f_`^m jh^Zfb k\hbfb b h[j_eb Kdmnv <_ebdmx h\_p b dhjh\ dhlhju_ klZeb gZr_x kbehx qlh[u `blv klhjh`Z ljZ\u bo lml \h^blv b m[_j_]Zeb lh ^\Z \_dZ Gug_ m gZk [ueZ klm^_gZy abfZ b g_l m gZk k_gZ B ihlhfm fu ihreb gZ ihe^_gv gZ a_e_gbpm b dhjfZ aeZqgu_ m Weebgh\ B hgb hlh]gZeb gZk kbehc \ a_feb klm^_gu_ qlh[u fu i_j_^ ebphf ]b[_eb b g_ kf_eb aZ]ey^u\Zlvky gZ a_e_gbpm ih^ kljZohf \jZ`^_[ghklb weebgkdhc B l_ a_e_gbpm g_ [_jy ijyfh aeh^_b kmsb_ g_ ohl_eb ih fhqv gZf B j_deb fu hlhfklblv aZ lZdh_ ^_ygb_ b hlieZlZ lZ aZ lh [m^_l bf \ k\hc qZk <hl Hlpu gZrb kdZaZeb aZ\eZ^_lv a_fe_c lhc b ]gZlv =j_pdheZg l_o ^h fhjy B ÉÊ¸Ă…ÎÀË ijbg_krb ]jm^vx ijhlb\ gbo b m^Zjbeb fu \i_j_^ b kh^_yeb [bl\m \_ebdmx B =j_p dheZgv fbjZ aZijhkbeZ b hdhgqblv [hc gZr B lZd ihemqbeb fu a_e_gbpm abfhc b dhj fbeb kdhl k\hc b j_q_f fu keZ\m ;h]Zf

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

<hl \_^v \hbklbgm k_[yq_kl\h gZr_ ijbqbghc [ueh ih dhlhjhc k\hb \ukdZau \Z_f keh\Z h[ebq_gby B lZf ]h\hjbf \hbklbgm [eZ]h_ h jh^Zo gZrbo qlh[u gZf g_ khe]Zlv Lm ijZ\^m kdZ`_f Hgmx h i_j\hf Ih\_ebl_e_ gZr_f ih\_^Z_f b dgyavyo ba [bjZ_fuo b kf_gy_fuo B[h DbkvdZ lhl r_e b \_e jh^bq_c ih kl_iyf kh kdhlhf k\hbf gZ ihe^_gv b lZf ]^_ khegp_ kby_l ij_[ue B ijbr_e d g_fm Hl_p Hj_c b \hl qlh _fm ]h\hjbl ³M h[hbo m gZk k lh[hc _klv ^_lb b fm`b b `_gsbgu b klZjpu b gZ^h[gh gZf h[hjhgylv bo hl \jZ]h\ B lZd kdZ`_f qlh ie_f_gZ kh_^bgbf [ZjZgh\ k\hbo b kdhl k gbf b [m^_f ie_ fy _^bgh_ <hl ;h]b \^hogh\eyxl gZk B m\b^bf fu ohjhr__ k lh]h \j_f_gb \_dZ b \_dZ ´ : dZd kqblZlv klZeb lh lhl ]h\hjbl ³JZa\_ _^bgh_"´ Z lZd`_ b ^jm]h_ ]h\hjbl B lh]^Z Hl_p Hj_c hl\_e klZ^Z k\hb b ex^_c hl l_o b ih\_e bo ih^Zevr_ B ]h\hjbl ³LZf mkljhbf ]jZ^ B hg =heugv [m^_l dhlhjZy _klv ]heZy kl_iv b e_kZ´ B Dbkvdh ihr_e ijhqv B \hl ih\_e hg ex^_c k\hbo d bguf qlh[u g_ kf_rZ ebkv hgb k ex^vfb HlpZ Hj_y : l_ lh klZjr_ B lZd khl\hjbeb \ a_fe_ lhc ]hjh^Z b ihk_e_gby B lZd Dbkvdh hlhr_e k ex^vfb b khl\hjbe a_fex bgmx B lZf ihk_ebeky B lZ dbf h[jZahf jZaf_`_\Zebkv wlb lh h[Z b lZd gZau\Zxlky qm`b_ hgb ^jm]bfb M \k_o

L _ gZ lm \he`kdmx a_fex < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ³š¸Ă…½´ wlh keh\h k l_f `_ kfukehf khojZgbehkv _s_ \ k_j[kdhohj\Zlkdhf yaud_ < ^jm]b_ f_klZ


gbo `bagv b kbeZ bf_ebkv Ă…½ Ă‡ĂˆĂŽ½ q_f m ^jm]bo B [ue Dbkvdh lhl KeZ\_g b ex^b Hj_y HlpZ KeZ\gu ihlhfm dZd keZ\Z ij_^r_kl\h\ZeZ bf b Ihe_ agZeh bo dZd klj_eu b f_qb agZ_l

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

<hl ijbreb Yau \ djZc _]h b gZqZeb kdhl aZ[bjZlv B \hl Dbkvdh gZiZe gZ gbo Ih i_j\hklb hg ih]gZe bo Z \h \lhjhc jZa kZfbo ih]gZeb ex^_c _]h ;ueh \hjhgZf ihdhjfZ Hgb ih_^Zeb fgh]b_ ]eZaZ ex^_c ih\_j`_gguo f_qhf B \hl ]eZ]he_l Hl_p Hj_c qlh f_jl\uo ^hq_jgZ ihdjueb \hjhgu b l_ ihdZjdb\Zxl jZ^hklyf k\hbf b _^yl ^_jadh bo B hl lh]h f_jadh k^_eZehkv m Hj_y gZ k_j^p_ b ]h\hjbl hg jh^bqZf ³Ih^^_j`bl_ Dbk_dZ b ex^_c _]h ´ B l_ dhg_c k_^eZlv \ayebkv B [jhkbebkv gZ Yah\ b k gbfb [ueh ihdhgq_gh ihlhfm dZd jZah]gZeb bo B lZd fu magZeb \hbklbgm qlh m gZk _klv kbeZ ¹ dh]^Z fu \f_kl_ gbdlh g_ fh`_l h^he_lv gZk B lh lh ijZ\^Z fu g_ h^he_gu bfb ih lhfm dZd \u kmlv Jmkkdb_ b k_[_ keZ\m bf__f baj_q_ggmx \jZ]Zfb dhlhju_ hjml gZf B \b^y `blvz gZr_ kh[eZagyxlky h [jZlvyo gZrbo h k_j_[j_ gZ f_qZo gZrbo b lhf qlh kt_^Z_lky kugZfb l_fb gZrbfb ba ]hgqZjguo ]hjrdh\ @blvz gZr_ \ kl_iyo ^h dhgpZ gZr_ B ijb\yaZgu fu dh \k_fm b lZf imklv gZf g_ ]h\hjyl h ^jm]hc `bagb <hl keh\Z gZrb bklbggu Z bo ¹ e`b\u_ Hgb \_^v eh`v j_dml b _z b bf_xl

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

Ij_^j_q_gh hl ^j_\gbo \j_f_g qlh ij_^klhbl gZf kh_^bgblvky k ^jm]bfb b kha ^Zlv ^_j`Z\m \_ebdmx ba jh^h\ l_o ;ueZ JmkdheZgv gZrZ \ =hemgb b ljbklZ ]jZ^h\ b kze ¹ h]gbs ¹ ^m[h\uo ^hfh\ LZf b I_jmg gZr b a_fey <hl \_^v IlbpZ FZl_jv <k_o ih_l h ^gyo l_o B `^_f bo \h \j_f_gZ wlb dhlh ju_ ih\_jgmlv ^he`gu Dhe_kZ K\Zj`_gkdb_ d gZf B \j_f_gZ l_ ^ey \k_o b^ml d gZf =h\hjbf fu FZl_jb <k_o qlh [m^_f h[hjhgylv a_fex gZrm emqr_ <_g^h\ dhlh ju_ ihreb gZ aZoh^ KhegpZ b lZf i_j_^ \jZ]Zfb a_fex iZrml b hrb[hqgmx \_jm bf_xl ih[_`^_ggu_ bfb ;hjh\ugv \_^v ]h\hjbl qlh kbe_g b ex^b l_ \_jm bf_xl \ keh\Z l_ >Z fu lh ¹ g_ ]emipu mfZ ebr_ggu_ b \_ju lhc g_ bf__f \ lh M\b^bl_ _s_ <_g^u \_jgbl_kv \ a_feb gZrb \ kl_ib [ueu_ b ihkfhljbl_ _s_ gZ ih`Zju ^jm ]b_ dZd \h ^gb moh^Z ba Iylbj_qvy b K_fbj_qvy dhlhju_ ^ZkZfb hlh[jZgu m gZk B lZ <k_o IlbpZ j_q_l ihlhfm dZd h]hgv¹iZe ihgzkky gZ gZk b =hemgv ihjmrbl ^Z\ _c ]hj_gb_ ³: ;h]b dmiZevl_ b ^h`^b b^bl_ ´ <hl \_^v l_ a_feb [m^ml jZa\_j`_ gu b dhgb ih]ehs_gu ihlhfm dZd ba[_jml kugu l_o dhg_c ^ey ihqblZgby ;h]h\ b ;h ]b lh \h kl_ib lhc b ^ZkZf ^Zxl ohly l_ b g_ ihqblZxl Bo <hl wlh lh m gZk b _klv b g_ \h \j_fy Zglkdh_ B l_ :glu h^_j`Z\rb_ f_qhf fgh]bo e_`Zl ih]j_[_ggu_ \ ^hf_ l\h_f ihlhfm dZd ^hfh\ \ qm`[bg_ g_ kljhyl ^jm ]b_ <hl Hj_c Hl_p b^_l ij_^ gZfb Z Dbc \_^_l aZ Jmkv b S_dh \_^_l ie_f_gZ k\hb Z Ohj_\ Ohj\h\ k\hbo >Z b a_fex kljhbf gZ lh ihlhfm dZd fu \gmqZlZ ;h]h\

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

Ă‡ĂˆĂ†Ă?½

"

L _ djhf_ e`b m gbo b g_l gbq_]h L _ ³\ gug_rg__ \j_fy `^_f \ha\jZlZ klZjuo kqZkleb\uo \j_f_g´


Hlhr_e Ohj_\ b S_dh hl ^jm]bo b k_eb fu m DZjiZlkdbo ]hj B lZf fu ^jm]b_ ]hjh^Z kljhbeb ^jm]h_ m gZk [ueh khie_f_gZ ^jm]b_ ^Z b [h]Zlkl\h m gZk [ueh \_eb dh_ B \hl \jZ]b gZiZeb gZ gZk lZd ih[_`Zeb fu d Db_\m ]jZ^m b \ =hemgv qlh[u lZf gZf ihk_eblvky h]gb k\hb fu iZebeb ^h K\Zj]b `_jl\u khl\hjyy [eZ]h^Zjkl\_ggu_ ;h]Zf b lZdh\u_ h k_[_ B \hl Dbc mf_j ljb^pZlv e_l ijZ\b\ gZfb : ihke_ g_]h [ue kug E_[_^yg dhlh juc a\Zeky KeZ\_j b hg `be ^\Z^pZlv e_l : ihke_ g_]h [ue <_j_g ba <_ebdh]jZ^Z lZd`_ ^\Z^pZlv B ihke_ g_]h ¹ K_j_`_gv ^_kylv B k_ g_ hgb eb h^_j`Zeb ih[_^u gZ^ \jZ]Zfb b lvfu ahe g_kebkv gZ gbo b k_ ^\b]Zebkv gZ gbo b ^\b`mlky b gZ gZk B =hlu ijbreb \ kl_ib gZrb aeh l\hjy B k_ ^h[e_klgh_ \j_fy [ueh m IjZhlp_\ gZrbo \h_\Z\rbo aZ `bagv <hl fu keZ\gu ihlhfm dZd keZ\bf ;h]h\ B fu ¹ ;h]h\ \gmdb Br\Zju gZr_]h b >Z`^v[h]Z B lZd`_ l_jibf fu hl aeuo Z ij_`^_ kbem bf_eb \_ebdmx hl Gbo b h[hjhgyebkv \_kvfZ hl gZe_lh\ =hlh\ kdhjh m`_ r_klvkhl e_l B lml Bevf_jpu gZk ih^^_j`Zeb B lZd h^_j`Zeb fu ih[_^m gZ^ \jZ]Zfb <hl m gbo ^_kylv j_oh\ [ueh b hgb kjZ`Zykv \_kvfZ \hbgu eb ojZ[ju_ lml gZ gbo gZ iZeb Hgb gZqZeb obljblv ³>jm]b_ ^_ fu \hxc k ^jm]bfb´ ihlhfm dZd f_qb ^_ ih j`Z\_eb \uf_g_ggu_ gZ [ZjZgh\ b h\_p Z hgb L\Zkl_jhf l\hjylky \ K\Zj]_ lhevdh

i“BŠœ�… Z k # Z k

<hl [v_l djuevyfb FZl_jv <k_o IlbpZ ihlhfm dZd =_jfZgu b^ml gZ gZk B hgb jZahrebkv qlh[u aZo\Zlu\Zlv b lZd ^\b]Zykv gZiZ^Zxl gZ gZk B \hl gZ^\b]Z_lky [_^kl\b_ \_ebdh_ gZ djZy gZrb ihlhfm dZd ^ufu kl_igu_ ih^gbfZxlky d K\Zj]_ LZd b @Zey ieZq_lky h gZk b \hib_l FZl_jv <k_o d <urg_fm Dhlhjuc ^Ze _c h]hgv ^ey hqZ]h\ gZrbo b Hg ij_[m^_l h ihfhsb b fhsgh [jhkblky gZ \jZ]h\ B \hl =_fZl_j_o hlklmibeky b =hlu mk_ebkv gZ DZed_ FZehc b gZijZ\bebkv d [_ j_]Zf fhjkdbf b lZd a_feyfb h\eZ^_eb ^h >hgZ B ihke_ lhc >hgm j_db _klv DZedZ ;hevrZy dhlhjZy y\ey_lky ]jZgbp_c f_`^m gZfb b hklZevgufb ie_f_gZfb B lZf \hl =hlu [bebkv q_luj_klZ e_l kh k\hbfb \jZ]Zfb B ihlhfm \ayeb fu a_fex gZrm b \ha^_eu\Zeb kihdhcgh a_fex b k WeebgZfb lhj]h\Zeb f_gyy kdhl rdmju b lmrb gZ k_j_[jygu_ b ahehlu_ djm`db b iblv_ b kg_^v \kyq_kdmx B `bagv gZrZ [ueZ \ lm ihjm kihdhcgZy b fbjgZy B \hl =hlu gZiZ eb gZ gZk kgh\Z B [ueb \hcgu ^_kylv e_l B \hl m^_j`Zeb fu a_fex gZrm B lZd `_ Âą b l_i_jv b \ [m^ms_f Âą gZf gZ^h[gh h[hjhgylvky hl \jZ]h\ DZd b^ml q_luj_ dhgpZ K\_lZ hllm^Z b IjZa^gbdb b^ml d gZf B hgb kmlv IjZa^gbd i_j\uc Dhey^Z b \lhjhc Âą Yjv b DjZkgu_ =hju b H\k_gb <_ebdb_ b FZeu_

L _ `_jl\u < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ÂłĂ€Ă‰Ă”ÂşĂˆ¸´ Br\ZjZ kj kZgkdj Jç ]hkih^bg ih\_ebl_ev ohaybg \eZ^_e_p [h] <k_\urgbc Âą Br\ZjZ \b^bfh wibl_l K\Zjh]Z <klj_qZ_lky \ bkoh^guo l_dklZo h^bg jZa <hafh`gh m =hlh\ J_ob Âą \h`^b j_ob j_dku kj eZl UH[ pZjv \h`^v \eZ^udZ

L _ Âłfu g_ l_´ Âłg_ gZ l_o \u gZiZ^Z_l_´ < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ³šĂˆĂ„¸Ă…ƺÀ½ Ă€½ĂˆĂ„¸Ă…ƺÀ½ ½ĂˆĂ„¸Ă…ƺÀ½ ´ <hafh`gh =_jfZgpu < ^jm]hf f_kl_ mihfbgZxlky º½Ăˆ

YDUi

Ă„¸Ă…ƽ ½ĂˆĂ„¸Ă…ƺ½

L _ \k_]^Z [m^_l ^Z\Zlv ihfhsv L _ fhg_lu L _ ih djm]m ih oh^m KhegpZ l d ijZa^gbdb wlh dheh]h^gu_ hl ³Dheh´ ¹ ³Dhe_g^Z´ ¹ ³Djm]´ ¹ ³pbde´ ¹ dZe_g ^Zjgu_


B^ml l_ IjZa^gbdb dZd fm` b^_l hl ]hjh^h\ ^h k_e h]gbsZgkdbo b ihkhohf a_fex f_ jy_l B^_l hg hl gZk d ^jm]bf b hl ^jm]bo Âą d gZf

i“BŠœ�… [ k # [ k

Ihki_rZcl_ [jZlvy gZrb ie_fy aZ ie_f_g_f jh^u aZ jh^Zfb b [_cl_kv aZ k_[y gZ a_fe_ gZr_c dhlhjZy ijbgZ^e_`bl gZf gh gbdh]^Z ¹ ^jm]bf Fu \_^v Jmkbqb ¹ keZ\vl_ ;h]h\ gZrbo i_kgb gZrb b ieyku b b]ju b aj_ebsZ ¹ \h keZ\m Bo <hl dhkgmebkv fu a_feb b ijbeh`beb iZevpu d jZgZf k\hbf b ^Z\bf gZ gbo qlh[u ihke_ kf_jlb ij_^klZlv gZf i_j_^ FZjfhjhc b lZ kdZaZeZ ³G_ ^he`gZ [u y \bgblv _]h ihlhfm dZd ihehg a_feb b g_ fh]m _]h hl^_eblv hl g__´ B ;h]b Dhlhju_ lZf qlh[u kdZaZeb h l_[_ ³Wlhl ¹ Jmkbq b ij_[m^_rv lu bf ihlhfm dZd \aye a_fex \ jZgu k\hb b g_k_rv __ \ GZ\v´ < l_ \j_f_gZ fbjZ dgya_c ba[bjZeb fgh]b_ \h`^b b dgyay ba k\h_]h qbkeZ B aZ \kydb_ lZdb_ ihdgy`_gby gZ \_q_ \ukdZau\Zebkv ijhklu_ fm`b B lZd h a_fe_ aZ[hlb ebkv B lZd dgyab ^Z\Zeb h[_sZgb_ aZ[hlblvky h ex^yo Z oe_[ ihemqZlv b ibsm b \kz qlh g_h[oh^bfh ^ey `bagb hl ex^_c k\hbo K_]h^gy m gZk bgh_ B dgyab ihex^v_ [_jml b kugh\vyf \eZklv i_j_^Zxl hl hlpZ kugm b ^Z`_ ^h ijZ\gmdZ

i“BŠœ�… Z k ### Z k

B kgh\Z [ue \_ebdbc klu^ Jh^bqb \_^v [bebkv h \eZ^_gbyo B fgh]b_ kdZaZeb ³G_ b^_f \ Jh^ ihlhfm dZd g_l h[e_]q_gby h]gbsZgZf : [m^_f emqr_ kZfb ih k_[_ \ e_km eb[h \ ]hjZo kdblZlvky ´ K l_fb keh\Zfb jh^bqb [ueb hl\_j]gmlu B \_kvfZ k_j ^blvky b g_]h^h\Zlv ba\hebe ;h] K\Zjh] GZdZamxqb \_ebdh_ dhe_[Zgb_ ]hjZf mkljhbe B Keh\_g_ \ ghqb ijh[m^bebkv hl \_ebdh]h ]jhfZ b a_feb ^jh`Zgby B \hl keurgh dZd dhgb gZ\_jom j_\_eb kljZohf h[myggu_ bkim]Zebkv b ihreb ijhqv ba k_ e_gby Z h\pu lZd g_ klZeb ^_eZlv : ihmljm \b^_eb hgb ^hfZ jZa[blu_ ¹ h^bg gZ\_jom ^jm]hc `_ ¹ \gbam Z bghc ¹ \ yf_ h]jhfghc \ a_fe_ b ke_^m g_ hklZehkv dZd _]h b g_ [ueh Hkdm^_eb l_ KeZ\yg_ \_kvfZ b ijhdhjfblvky bf [ueh g_q_f B kdZaZeb Bj_x hlpu ³<_^b gZk hlkx^Z´ B kdZaZe Bj_c ³<hl y \Zf k kugZfb fhbfb ´ Hgb kdZaZeb _fm ³Fu bf ih^qbgbfky´ B ihreb hgb k Db_f S_dhf b Oh jb\hf lj_fy kugZfb Bj_y ^jm]mx a_fex ]ey^_lv B k lh]h gZqZeky jh^ KeZ\yg ¹ b ^h gug_rg_]h ^gy Ihlhfm dZd \b^_lv g_ ^Z_l ;h] >Z`^v [m^ms__ kf_jlguf lZd ^Z \hko\Zebf Ij_ fm^jhklv lm B [ueh_ \kihfgbf b lh h q_f \_^Z_f kdZ`_f JZgvr_ [ue jh^ KeZ\guc \ ]hjZo \_kvfZ \ukhdbo lZf hgb a_fex iZoZeb b aZ [hlbebkv h[ h\gZo b h\pZo dhjfbeb b iZkeb bo \ ljZ\Zo H^gZ`^u kemqbehkv qlh ex ^b ijh[m^bebkv b dhg_c ih^ h[eZdZfb dZd hgb kh kljZom j_\ml mkeurZeb b l_ kljZohf h[tylu_ m[_j_qvky lh klZjZebkv ¹ b g_ fh]eb ;ue ihke_ wlh]h fhj b ]eZ^ \_ ebd B \uc^y ba djZy Bgvkdh]h b^y dm^Z ]eZaZ ]ey^yl reb hgb fbfh a_feb NZjkbc kdhc b ihreb ^Zevr_ ihlhfm dZd g_ ]h^beZkv h\pZf a_fey lZ

?s_ h^bg ijhbaghkbl_evguc \ZjbZgl bf_gb [h`_kl\Z kf_jlb b hfjZq_gby FZjZ FZjv Fhjhd ÂłKeZ\yg_ Âą Keh\_g_ ž¸¯]º² ´ Âą \ZjbZglu bf_gb ÂłKeZ\yg_ Âą keZ\gu_´ < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ÂłĂ‰Ăƒ¸ºĂ€Ă‘Ă€´ Âą ÂłkeZ\ysb_ Âą KeZ\yg_´ <ZjbZgl bf_gb :jbc Hj_c L _ Âły ]hlh\ k^_eZlv qlh \u ijhkbl_ k kugZfb fhbfb´ beb ³q_j_a fhbo kugh\´ ÂłKeZ\guc´ KeZ\yg < lhf kfuke_ qlh ex^b [ueb \ ihf_s_gbb ih^ djur_c


Reb hgb ]hjZfb b \b^_eb dZf_gvy Z gZ l_o ijhkh g_ k_ylv lh`_ fbfh ijhreb : m\b^_\ kl_ib p\_lmsb_ b a_e_gu_ lZf hklZ\Zebkv e_lZ ^\Z Z ihke_ lh]h fbfh ihreb ihlhfm dZd obsgbdb klZeb ihy\eylvky Fbfh reb DZyeu ihreb d G_ij_ b[h hgZ \kydhc \hcg_ iheZ]Z_l ]jZgbpm b \jZ]b aeu_ ij_ldgh\_gb_ gZ lhc G_ij_ ihemqZeb GZ^h [ueh ihk_eblvky jh^m KeZ\ygkdhfm Z hgb [ueb h]gbsZg_ ihlhfm dZd m dZ`^h]h [ueZ yfZ \ a_fe_ b h]gbs_ K\Zjh]m keZ\blv b >Z`^v[h]m dhlhju_ kmlv \h K\Zj]_ Ij_qbklhc I_jmgm b Kljb[h]m dhlhjuc ]jhfZfb b fhegbyfb ih\_e_\Z_l Z Kljb[h] jZatyjy_l \_lju gZ a_fe_ : \hl wlbf EZ^h[h] `_ ijZ\bl Âą eZ^hf jh^kl\_gguf b [eZ]hklyfb \kyq_kdbfb B DmiZeh[h] dhlhjuc fulgbpZfb ijZ\bl b \kyq_kdbfb hfh \_gbyfb B Yjh[h] dhlhjuc ijZ\bl <_kghc p\_lms_c b JmkZeZfb b <h^bqZfb b E_kb qZfb b >hfh\bqZfb >Z b K\Zjh] bfb ijZ\bl M \kydh]h jh^Z _klv Smju b IjZsmju dZdh\u_ kmlv \_dZ gZaZ^ mf_jrb_ gZrb B l_f ;h]Zf ihqblZgb_ gZf gZ^h[gh ^Zlv b hl Gbo Âą gZrZ jZ^hklv B ihklZ\be \h i_j\uo jh^ KeZ\guc fhev[bs_ \ ]jZ^_ g_dhlhjhf ^jm]hf Db_ \_ dhlhjuc gZau\Z_lky Db_\ B \hdjm] g_]h klZeb k_eblvky : \ e_kZo ^m[h\uo E_kb qb \ \_l\yo dheuoZlvky gZqZeb Z [hjh^u of_e_f mludZgu Z \hehku \ ljZ\Zo hgb `_ Âą ebklvy a_e_gu_ B FhdhrZgu dlh gZ a_fe_ kibl lhfm lh]h `_ \ [hjh^m gZluqml

i“BŠœ�… [ k ## [ k

>Z`^v[h] gZ kljm]_ k\h_f ]j_[_l \h K\Zj]_ \_kvfZ eZamjghc dZdh\Zy _klv kb gyy b kljm] lhl kby_l b kby_l hg dZd ahehlh H]g_[h]hf jZkdZe_ggh_ÂŤ ?]h ^uoZgb_ `bagv _klv \kydhc l\Zjb b ijb[_`bs_ÂŤ <kydbc fm` ;eZ]h]h Lh]h \b^_lv fh`_l gh g_ ^mjghc dhlhjuc h ;h]Zo g_ aZ[hlblky LZdhc ij_[m^_l ih^h[gh ke_ihfm Âą ^Z g_ bf__rv k gbfb qZklb Âą ihlhfm dZd \kydbc d ^mjguf b^msbc ij_[m^_l k gbfb ^h dhg pZ GZrb IjZhlpu oh^beb d a_fe_ aZkmreb\hc Ă…¸š Ă…¸š k\ys_gghc b lZd l_i_jv _kvfu fu \ g_dhlhjhf f_kl_ ^jm]hf Z djZy g_l lh]h gZ gZr_c a_fe_ B Jmkv ah\_lky lZd hl ^g_c ÂŤ ÂŤ fu \ayebkv b klZeb =mggÂŤ ÂŤa_c ÂŤ ÂŤ dhlhjuo fu aZ[jZeb m gbo ÂŤ ÂŤĂˆĂ”½Ă„ \_^v g_ Ă‹šº¸ ĂˆĂŽ¸Ăƒ¸ ĂŠ ɺ¸ l_ji_lv \_dZfb qm`ÂŤ ÂŤdZd [u fu klZeb Æɍ ÂŤĂ„Ă—Ă?ÆÄ b [eZ]h ^Zjy ÂŤ ½Ă?ÆÄ \hcgm ÂŤ ÂŤ hl ÂŤ ÂŤ G_iju <_^v ie_f_gZ hgb kmlv Jmkkdb_ ÂŤ ÂŤ b Dhklh[hdb khl\hjbeb JmkdheZgv ÂŤ lZd šĂƒÂŤ ÂŤ klZeb fu h^gb qlh[u bo Ă?ĂˆÂŤ ×ÄÆ b gbdhÂŤ Ă”º G_ ^he`gu fu FZjfhj_ qZklv m^_eylv Âą bgZq_ ^Z [m^_f hls_i_gu hl jh^m gZ r_]h b imklv lZdhc ijhlb\_g [m^_l \k_f ;hjmkZf ÂŤ

>g_ijm Ă‡Ăˆ½

KeZ\ghfm HqZ] KeZ\yg L _ ÂłijbgZ^e_`Zs_f Dbx´ beb Âłihkljh_gghf Db_f´ < bkoh^ghf l_dkl_ ÂłĂ‡Ăˆ½Ă„Ă†Ă‹ÂźĂˆĂ•´ ij_\hko kl_i_gv hl ÂłĂ„Ă†Ă‹ÂźĂˆ¸ Ă„Ă†ÂźĂˆ¸´ Âą kbgyy kj ihevkd ]hem[hc \Zkbev dh\uc kbgbc q_rkd kbgbc kbg_\Z >eZamjv@ g_[_k l` ^j_\g_jmkkd Ă„½ŸĂˆĂ†Ă†Ă?ĂŠĂ€½ Âą kbg_]eZ au_ Ahehlhc kljm] eZ^vy Âą Khegp_ dZd \b^bfuc ghkbl_ev b ijhy\bl_ev ;h]ZÂąL\hjpZ b Ih^^_j`b\Zl_ey L _ ;h]Z \ i_j\hgZqZevghf agZq_gbb wlh]h keh\Z kj kZgkdj EKDJD [eZ]h

PRGUĂŞ

PRGUR QHEHV

PRGU\


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.