Cocoa Barometer 2010

Page 1


Cocoa supply chain

2

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1 Introduction

3

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2 The cocoa value chain

4

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5

Cocoa grinders

Chocolate manufacturers

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3 Towards sustainability

6

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Figure 1 ‘Flower’ with inner management cycle and five specific thematic qualities

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product

no coverage

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7

Inner management cycle

Act

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4 Certified cocoa production

11

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Figure 3 Production and growth projections of certified cocoa by standard bodies11

12

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Figure 5 Certified farmers: reality versus projections in 2020

13

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5 Drivers of change

Cocoa grinders 14

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Chocolate manufacturers

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15

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Y c]q ^Y[lgj af [j]Ylaf_ [j]\aZd]$ kmklYafYZd] [`g[gdYl]

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]f[gmjY_]\ lg ^gddgo l`] ]pYehd] k]l Zq EYjk af *()(& L`ak

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Figure 6 Certified cocoa purchased by the major five chocolate manufacturers in 2009 and future commitments in 201227

[g[gY ngdme] *((1 ,,($((( l ' []jlaÕ]\ *((12 **$((( l -&( ! ' []jlaÕ]\ *()*2 -($((( l ))&, ! 16

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6 Major challenges

17

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hjY[la[]k& L`ak YhhjgY[` lg kmklYafYZd] \]n]dghe]fl

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Yl Ydd d]n]dk af l`] [g[gY nYdm] [`Yaf& Kh][aYd Yll]flagf

Yk h]j O;> a&]& -$-(($(((&*0

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Al ak ]na\]fl l`Yl naY af\ana\mYd ljYafaf_ hjg_jYek g^ l`]

[j]\aZadalq ^gj l`] ]^^gjlk g^ l`] klYc]`gd\]jk afngdn]\&

lgh - hjg[]kkgjk Yf\ [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk$ k][lgj

Gfdq l`jgm_` [geZaf]\ e]Ykmjaf_ Yf\ hggdaf_ g^ j]kmdlk

oa\] afalaYlan]k dac] O;>$ Yf\ _gn]jfe]flYd ]pl]fkagf k]j%

oadd l`] k][lgj Z] YZd] lg a\]fla^q$ \]n]dgh Yf\ oa\]dq

na[]k$ Yjgmf\ )( g^ l`] [g[gY ^Yje]jk ogjd\oa\] `Yn]

aehd]e]fl ]^Õ[a]fl aehjgn]e]fl hjg_jYek&

Z]]f ljYaf]\& LjYafaf_ Y e]j] )( g^ l`] keYdd`gd\]jk `Yk lYc]f [gfka\]jYZd] lae] Yf\ ]^^gjl& Fg \gmZl$ al oadd

F]n]jl`]d]kk$ eYfq [gehYfa]k Yj] hjgY[lan] af ljYafaf_

lYc]$ j]dYlan]dq$ kg em[` egj] ]^^gjl$ lae] Yf\ j]kgmj[]k

Y[lanala]k$ Yf\ l`] :Yjge]l]j lYc]k hja\] af e]flagfaf_ Y

lg Y\\j]kk l`] j]kl g^ l`] ^Yje]jk Z][Ymk] l`]q Yj] d]kk

^]o afl]j]klaf_ hjg_jYee]k g^ kljgf_dq Y[lan] [gehYfa]k&

gj_Yfar]\ Yf\ dan] af j]egl] Yj]Yk& Lg j]klgj] l`] ZYdYf[]


Figure 7 Investment required to train cocoa farmers worldwide

18

)( g^ l`] ^Yje]jk `Yn] j][]an]\ ljYafaf_$ l`] f][]kkYjq

?dgZYd [`g[gdYl] kYd]k *((1*1

afn]kle]fl lg ljYaf l`] j]eYafaf_ 1( ak ,(($((($(((

Afn]kl]e]fl f]]\]\ ^gj ljYafaf_

/)$*(($((($((( ,(($((($(((

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Yf\ ]fnajgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf [Yf Z] Y\\j]kk]\ ^Ykl]j

jmjYd hgn]jlq Yf\ ]fnajgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf af l`] [g[gY

Yf\ egj] ]^Õ[a]fldq&

k][lgj$ Y dgf_ l]je afn]kle]fl g^ Yl d]Ykl ,(( eaddagf ak

f][]kkYjq&

L`] [YhY[alq g^ l`] klYc]`gd\]jk lg j]Y[` Yf\ ljYaf [g[gY ^Yje]jk oal` imYdalq hjg_jYek dYj_]dq \]h]f\k gf _gg\

L`ak Yegmfl g^ ,(( eaddagf oadd gfdq [gn]j l`] [gkl g^

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j][ldq gj af\aj][ldq \]Ydaf_ oal` ^Yje]j ljYafaf_ hjg_jYek$

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k`gmd\ Ynga\ ogjcaf_ af akgdYlagf Yf\ hjgegl] _]f]ja[

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Al Z][ge]k egj] Yf\ egj] ]na\]fl l`Yl Y [gehj]`]fkan] k][lgj oa\] ljYafaf_ afalaYlan] oal` _gn]jfe]flk$ af\mkljq$

% ;ggh]jYlagf Z]lo]]f klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k

F?Gk Yf\ j]k]Yj[` ak l`] gfdq kgdmlagf lg l`ak gf_gaf_

% HYjlf]jk`ahk Z]lo]]f [gehYfa]k';KGk'_gn]jfe]flk'

hjgZd]e& 9 d]nq ^gj Y k][lgj oa\] kmklYafYZadalq ^mf\$ Yk

klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k

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% Jgmf\ lYZd] afalaYlan]k fYlagfYd j]^]j]f[] _jgmhk

lg Y\\j]kk l`ak eYbgj [`Ydd]f_]& A^ l`] k][lgj ak YZd] lg Yd%

% ;ggh]jYlagf g^ _gn]jfe]flk

dg[Yl] ]n]jq q]Yj Yf kmZklYflaYd hgjlagf g^ l`] ),( Eag

% Afljg\m[lagf g^ Y k][lgj oa\] kmklYafYZadalq ^mf\

^gj [ggj\afYl]\ `a_` d]n]d ljYafaf_ Y[lanala]k$ jmjYd hgn]jlq


7 Conclusion

19

Ogjd\oa\] \]eYf\ ^gj [g[gY Z]Yfk ak _jgoaf_ kl]Y\adq$

ak `go lg egn] ^jge Y Zmkaf]kk eg\]d ZYk]\ gf hja[] Yf\

gmlhY[af_ hjg\m[lagf& L`ak q]YjÌk j][gj\ [g[gY hja[]k Yl

ngdme]$ lg gf] ZYk]\ gf hja[]$ ngdme] Yf\ kmklYafYZadalq&

l`] [geeg\alq Ym[lagfk af Dgf\gf Yf\ F]o Qgjc [d]Yjdq

Gn]j l`] dYkl \][Y\]$ eYfq [g[gY klYc]`gd\]jk `Yn] afalaY%

j]Ö][l l`] _jgoaf_ aeZYdYf[] Z]lo]]f [g[gY kmhhdq Yf\

l]\ [gehYfq Yf\ k][lgj oa\] afalaYlan]k lg Y\\j]kk nYjagmk

\]eYf\& Egj] l`Yf `Yd^ l`] _dgZYd [g[gY Z]Yf kmhhdq

h]jlaf]fl akkm]k$ dac] [`ad\ dYZgmj$ ^Yje]j k[`ggdaf_ Yf\ ]f%

[ge]k ^jge ?`YfY Yf\ Angjq ;gYkl& ;g[gY ak Ydegkl ]p[dm%

najgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf& Af j][]fl q]Yjk$ l`]j] `Yk Z]]f Y

kan]dq ^Yje]\ Zq keYdd`gd\]jk o`g Y[[gmfl ^gj gn]j 1( g^

ka_faÕ[Yfl k`a^l g^ afl]j]kl lgoYj\k afl]_jYl]\ kmklYafYZd]

l`] _dgZYd hjg\m[lagf& L`]k] keYdd%k[Yd] hjg\m[]jk g^l]f

hjg\m[lagf hjY[la[]k$ o`a[` `Yk l`] afl]flagf lg j]klgj]

^Ydd Z]dgo l`] hgn]jlq daf]$ mfYZd] lg eYc] Y danaf_ ^jge

l`] ZYdYf[] Z]lo]]f kmhhdq Yf\ \]eYf\ g^ [g[gY Z]Yfk&

[g[gY ^Yjeaf_& Lg\Yq l`] [g[gY k][lgj$ af egkl hjg\m[af_

L`] hmZda[ Yffgmf[]e]fl g^ EYjk af *((1 lg ogjc lgoYj\k

[gmflja]k$ ak [gf^jgfl]\ oal` l`] \aj] [gfk]im]f[]k g^

)(( []jlaÕ]\ [g[gY af *(*($ lja__]j]\ l`] o`gd] k][lgj&

f]_d][laf_ afn]kle]fl af hmZda[ afklalmlagfk$ Yf\ l`] \a%

CjY^l Yf\ F]kld `Yn] bgaf]\ l`] []jlaÕ[Ylagf ZYf\oY_gf

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Yf\ l`] \]eYf\ ^gj [g[gY$ []jlaÕ]\ Y_Yafkl kmklYafYZadalq

lg j]n]jk] l`ak lj]f\$ j]nan] l`] k][lgj Yf\ Ykkmj] Yf Y\]%

klYf\Yj\k$ `Yk _jgof Yhhj][aYZdq& >mlmj] [geeale]fl$

imYl] kmhhdq g^ imYdalq [g[gY$ Y ka_faÕ[Yfl ]^^gjl lg afn]kl

af\a[Ylaf_ [d]Yj kl]hk lg kgmj[] Y _jgoaf_ k`Yj] g^ kmklYaf%

af l`] `meYf [YhalYd g^ ^Yje]jk ak YZkgdml]dq ]kk]flaYd&

YZdq hjg\m[]\ [g[gY$ g^ l`] gl`]j ^gmj eYbgj [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk CjY^l$ F]kld $ @]jk`]qÌk Yf\ >]jj]jg$ ogmd\

Concentration

`]dh lg klaemdYl] Zgl` hjg\m[lagf Yf\ [gfkmehlagf eYj%

E]Yfo`ad]$ l`] gf_gaf_ `gjargflYd Yf\ n]jla[Yd afl]_jY%

c]lk ^gj kmklYafYZd] [g[gY Yf\ [`g[gdYl] hjg\m[lk&

lagf af l`] [g[gY [`Yaf$ Zgl` Yl l`] d]n]d g^ l`] [g[gY _jaf\]jk Yf\ l`] [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]k$ d]Yn]k l`]

Certification

eYjc]l lg gfdq Y `Yf\^md g^ ljYfkfYlagfYd [gehYfa]k&

NYjagmk klYf\Yj\k kqkl]ek$ oal` \a^^]j]fl Zmkaf]kk h]j%

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kh][lan]k Yf\ [gfkme]j hjgÕd]k$ Yj] jYha\dq ]fl]jaf_ l`]

l`] ogjd\Ìk [g[gY Z]Yfk Yf\ daima\ [`g[gdYl] hjg\m[lagf&

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\m[l]\ Zq _jaf\]jk$ eYfm^Y[lmj]k Yf\ klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k ak


20

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egj] l`Yf -( g^ Ydd keYdd`gd\]jk$ oal`af )( q]Yjk$ f]]\k Y

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Challenges

kaf_ j]egl] Yf\ mfgj_Yfak]\ ^Yje]jk oadd ^mjl`]j afĂ–Yl]

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Yj] kaehdq Yklgfak`af_& JYaf^gj]kl 9ddaYf[] ak lYj_]laf_

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lg Z] ljYfk^]jj]\ naY l`] hgkl%hjg[]kkaf_ [`Yaf lg [gfkme%

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8 Sources of information

Information sources for the Figures >a_mj] ) L`ak e]l`g\gdg_q \]n]dgh]\ Zq ;g]f nYf :]mfaf_]f$ @angk Yf\ Kbg]j\ HYf`mqk]f$ L;; oYk hj]k]fl]\ ^gj hmZda[ [gfkmdlYlagf Yl l`] :ag^Y[` *()($ af Fmj]fZ]j_$ ?]jeYfq& Al ak \]ka_f]\ lg Ykk]kk Yf\ [gehYj] l`] hgl]flaYd g^ \a^^]j]fl klYf\Yj\k kqkl]ek lg ^Y[adalYl] Yf\ hjgegl] [gflafmYd aehjgn]e]fl lgoYj\k af[dmkan]f]kk Yf\ kmklYafYZadalq& L`] [gehd]p afl]jj]dYlagfk Z]lo]]f l`]k] log gZb][lan]k Yj] ]phdYaf]\ Yf\ ]dYZgjYl]\ af l`] Zggc ÉAf[dmkan] aehjgn]e]flĂŠ& L`] Ă–go]j Ă•_mj] ak ZYk]\ mhgf l`] klYf\Yj\k kqkl]ek [gehYjakgf eg\]d \]n]dgh]\ Yf\ mk]\ Zq l`] L;; af l`] [g^^]] Yf\ l]Y k][lgjk& ;g]f nYf :]mfaf_]f Yf\ H]l]j Cfgjjaf_Y *((1!& Af[dmkan] aehjgn]e]fl$ klYf\Yj\k Yf\ keYdd`gd\]jk$ lYcaf_ klg[c Yf\ egnaf_ gf& L;; ;g^^]] :Yjge]l]j *((1 Yf\ L]Y :Yjge]l]j *()(& >a_mj] * L`] k[gj]k Yj] kgd]dq ZYk]\ gf l`] klYf\Yj\k daklk kaf[] l`]q [gfklalml] l`] ^gmf\Ylagf gf o`a[` l`] o`gd] klYf\Yj\k kqkl]e ak Zmadl3 j]^]j]f[] \g[me]flk2 >DG ?]f]ja[ >YajljY\] KlYf\Yj\k ^gj KeYdd Hjg\m[]jkĂŒ Gj_YfarYlagfk (0%*((1!$ >DG >YajljY\] KlYf\Yj\k ^gj ;g[gY ^gj KeYdd Hjg\m[]jkĂŒ Gj_YfarYlagfk (*%*((1!$ K9F KmklYafYZd] 9_ja[mdlmj] KlYf\Yj\ (,% *((1!$ MLR ;g\] g^ ;gf\m[l ;g[gY ^gj ?jgmh ;]jlaĂ•[Ylagf (,%*((1!$ =M Gj_Yfa[ =; 0+,'*((/ (.%*((/!$ =M Gj_Yfa[ =; 001'*((0 (1%*((0! >a_mj] + ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ KlYf\Yj\k :g\a]k *()(!

>a_mj] , ;g[gY ]ph]jlk [gfkmdl]\ *()(! >a_mj] ;gfkmdlYlagfk oal` klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k *()(! A;;G *()(!2 LglYd ogjd\ hjg\m[lagf 5 +$-1+$((( lgff]k O;> *()(!2 LglYd fmeZ]j g^ [g[gY ^Yje]jk 5 -$-(($((( AAL9 *()(!2 Qa]d\ af[j]Yk] l`jgm_` ljYafaf_ 5 *- FmeZ]j g^ Y\\alagfYd ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk lg j]Ydar] l`] *(*( hjgb][lagf ^gj []jlaÕ]\ [g[gY 5 FmeZ]j g^ ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk f]]\]\ lg hjg\m[] l`] *(*( hjgb][lagf % fmeZ]j g^ ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk [mjj]fldq YnYadYZd] FmeZ]j g^ ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk f]]\]\ lg hjg\m[] l`] *(*( hjgb][lagf ^gj []jlaÕ]\ [g[gY 5 Hjgb][l]\ []jlaÕ]\ hjg\m[lagf af *(*( ' 9n]jY_] hjg\m[lagf h]j ljYaf]\ ^Yje]j& FmeZ]j g^ ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk [mjj]fldq YnYadYZd] 5 ;mjj]fl []jlaÕ]\ hjg\m[lagf ' 9n]jY_] hjg\m[lagf h]j ljYaf]\ ^Yje]j& 9n]jY_] hjg\m[lagf h]j ljYaf]\ ^Yje]j 5 Ogjd\ hjg\m[lagf ' Fg& g^ [g[gY ^Yje]jk ogjd\oa\]! p qa]d\ af[j]Yk] Zq ljYafaf_ ]klaeYl]\ Yl *- !& L`]j]^gj]$ Yn]jY_] hjg\m[lagf h]j ljYaf]\ ^Yje]j 5 +$-1+$((( ' -$-(($((( ! p )&*- p)((( 5 0)/ c_& >a_mj] . ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk *()(! >a_mj] / ;gfkmdlYlagf$ Zq oYq g^ Y im]klagffYaj]$ oal` Õn] eYbgj _jaf\]jk Yf\

21 [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk& L`] im]klagffYaj] oYk j]lmjf]\ Zq CjY^l$ EYjk$ F]kld]$ @]jk`]qĂŒk$ >]jj]jg$ :Yjjq ;Ydd]ZYml$ 9<E$ ;Yj_add Yf\ H]ljY >gg\k3 gfdq :dgee]j \a\ fgl j]khgf\& 9k l`] \YlY kmZeall]\ af l`] j]khgfk]k o]j] fgl ]Ykadq [gehYjYZd]$ Yf\ [j]\aZadalq akkm]k Yjgk] j]_Yj\af_ l`] j]kmdl e]Ykmj]e]fl hjg_jYek mk]\$ l`ak [Yd[mdYlagf hjgna\]k gfdq Y [gYjk] ]klaeYlagf g^ l`] [mjj]fl kalmYlagf& 9k h]j O;> *()(!$ l`] lglYd fmeZ]j g^ [g[gY ^Yje]jk ogjd\oa\] 5 -$-(($((( =klaeYlagf g^ l`] fmeZ]j g^ ^Yje]jk ljYaf]\ l`jgm_` \a^^]j]fl afalaYlan]k Yk h]j im]klagffYaj] j]khgfk]k! Yj] Yk ^gddgok2 ;gehYfq afalaYlan]k - eYbgj _jaf\]jk Yf\ eYfm^Y[lmj]jk!2 K][lgj afalaYlan]k2 ?gn]jfe]fl ]pl]fkagf k]jna[]k2 FmeZ]j g^ ljYaf]\ ^Yje]jk [mjj]fldq YnYadYZd]2

+--$..( )*-$1-1 1.$+*," -//$1,+

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8 Sources of information

Footnotes 22 ) * + , -

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O;> ]klaeYl] g^ -&- Eag ak mk]\ af l`ak :Yjge]l]j& A;;G *()(!2 ÉA;;G ImYjl]jdq :mdd]laf g^ ;g[gY KlYlakla[k$ Ngd& PPPNA$ Fg&*$ ;g[gY q]Yj *((1'*()(ÌÌ A;;G *()(!2 ÉA;;G ImYjl]jdq :mdd]laf g^ ;g[gY KlYlakla[k$ Ngd& PPPNA$ Fg&*$ ;g[gY q]Yj *((1'*()(ÌÌ A;;G *()(!2 L`] Ogjd\ ;g[gY =[gfgeq$ HYkl Yf\ Hj]k]fl :Yk]\ gf2 Ljgha[Yd ;geeg\alq ;gYdalagf *((1!2 ËË;g[gY :Yjge]l]j *((1Ê A;;G *()(!2 ÉA;;G ImYjl]jdq :mdd]laf g^ ;g[gY KlYlakla[k$ Ngd& PPPNA$ Fg&*$ ;g[gY q]Yj *((1'*()(Ê H9;LK Hj]kk J]d]Yk] (-%*()(!2 ÉAfl]jfYlagfYd ^Yeadq [gfljgdd]\ Zmkaf]kk]k mfal] lg ^gje Yf ]l`a[Yd$ imYdalq [g[gY hjg\m[lagf YddaYf[] af Angjq ;gYklÊ F]kld hj]k]flYlagf! *()(!2 É;`g[gdYl] hj]k]flYlagfÊ kgmj[]2 =mjgegfalgj *()(! CjY^l hj]k]flYlagf! *()(!2 ÉCjY^l >gg\k KljYl]_a[ <][akagfk ;gf^]j]f[]Ê Gp^Ye O]j]d\ Oafc]dk af hjafl *()(!2 ÉL`] :]d_aYf [`g[gdYl] k][lgj3 Jgd] Yf\ AehgjlYf[] g^ :]d_ame af l`] [g[gY Yf\ [`g[gdYl] [`YafÊ `llh2''ooo&agYk&gj_'K9F&`le ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ KlYf\Yj\k :g\a]k *()(! ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ KlYf\Yj\k :g\a]k *()(! ;mjj]fl fmeZ]j g^ ^Yje]jk h]j klYf\Yj\k Zg\q 5 lglYd []jlaÕ]\ hjg\m[lagf h]j klYf\Yj\k Zg\q'Yn]jY_] hjg\m[lagf h]j ljYaf]\ ^Yje]j af[dm\af_ *- hjg\m[lagf af[j]Yk]! 9<E *()(!2 ÉGmj ;geeale]fl lg KmklYafYZd] ;g[gYÊ Kgmj[] Ljmkl *()(!2 `llh2''ooo&kgmj[]ljmkl&gj_' _ É9 h`qka[Yd Ym\al g^ Kgmj[] LjmklÌk gf l`] _jgmf\ gh]jYlagf oYk j][]fldq [gf\m[l]\ Zq >Yaj >gg\k Zml l`]aj Õf\af_k Yf\ l`]aj j]hgjl Yj] fgl YnYadYZd]$ Yk q]l&Ê Af^gjeYlagf ^jge 9jeYbYjg gf *'1'*()(! Jgk]fZ]j_$ <& ]l Yd A<@ *()(!2 ÉLjY\]jk Yk Y_]fl g^ kmklYafYZadalq af [g^^]] Yf\ [g[gY kmhhdq [`YafkÌÌ <a[c \] ?jYY^ >FN!2 Hj]k]flYlagf Yl l`] *f\ Jgmf\ LYZd] ^gj Y kmklYafYZd] ;g[gY =[gfgeq af Ljafa\Y\ JYaf^gj]kl YddaYf[] Hj]kk j]d]Yk] )(%*((1!2 ÉEYbgj =mjgh]Yf CjY^l ;`g[gdYl] :jYf\k =eZjY[] JYaf^gj]kl 9ddaYf[] []jlaÕ[YlagfÊ

)1 *( *) ** *+ *, *-

*. */ *0 *1

;Y\Zmjq *()(!2 `llh2''ooo&[Y\Zmjq&[ge'gmjj]khgfkaZadala]k' ^YajljY\]'HY_]k'^YajljY\]&Ykhp ?j]]f :dY[cÌk *()(! `llh2''ooo&_j]]fYf\ZdY[ck&[ge' ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk *()(! ?YdYpq ;`g[gdYl] *()(!2 `llh2''ooo&_YdYpq[`g[gdYl]&[g&mc' c A<@ *()(!2 ÉKmklYafYZd] ;g[gY ^gj l`] <ml[` EYjc]l Ç 9fYdqkak g^ l`] <ml[` [g[gY k][lgjÊ F]kld MC *()(!2 `llh2''ooo&F]kld &[g&mc'@ge]'>YajljY\] @]jk`]qÌk Hj]k J]d]Yk] (.%*((/!2 ÉKlYjZm[ck ;g^^]] ;gehYfqÌk ?dgZYd ;gfkme]j Hjg\m[lk ?jgmh Yf\ L`] @]jk`]qÌk ;gehYfq 9ffgmf[] 9_j]]e]fl lg DYmf[` Hj]eame ;`g[gdYl] HdYl^gjeÊ >]jj]jg *()(!2 É;g[gY Hgkalagf HYh]jÊ ;gfkmdlYlagf g^ ;`g[gdYl] EYfm^Y[lmj]jk *()(!$ >a_mj] ogjd\oa\] Z][Ymk] Y egj] Y__j]_Yl]\ ha[lmj] oYk fgl hgkkaZd] \m] lg \a^^]j]fl ^gjeYlk g^ \YlY ^jge af\mkljq& A;;G *()(!2 ËÌL`] Ogjd\ ;g[gY =[gfgeq$ HYkl Yf\ Hj]k]flÊ

Other sources L;; *((0!2 :j]Ycaf_ l`] na[agmk [aj[d] af l`] [g[gY k][lgj Zq k[Ydaf_ mh l`] [g[gY keYdd`gd\]jk L;; *((0!2 Ko]]lf]kk ^gddgok$ *f\ ]\alagf L;; *((1!2 ;g[gY :Yjge]l]j *((1 L;; *()(!2 L]Y :Yjge]l]j *()( L;; *()(! ;g^^]] :Yjge]l]j *()( A<@ *()(!2 KmklYafYZd] ;g[gY ^gj l`] <ml[` EYjc]l Ç 9fYdqkak g^ l`] <ml[` [g[gY k][lgj


Abbreviations

Colophon

9<E ;KG =; =;@G=K

;alYlagf2 O]ada_eYff$ :&$ N]jZjYYc$ ?& Yf\ NYf J]]f]f$ E& *()(!2 ;g[gY :Yjge]l]j *()($ Ljgha[Yd ;geeg\alq ;gYdalgf L]pl2 L;;2 : jZ]d O]ada_eYff$ ?abk N]jZjYYc$ Ea]c] nYf J]]f]f Yf\ HjYcjml`a2 Kbg]j\ HYf`mqk]f& <]ka_f Yf\ _jYh`k2 L]_]foaf\$ Jg]dYfl E]ab]j$ Mlj][`l Hjafl2 <jmcc]jab Egkl]jl nYf Gf\]j]f$ D]a\]f K]hl]eZ]j *()(

23

=M >DG >FN @9;;H A;;G A<@ AAL9 ADG AKG AKK F;J; F?G H9;LK JK;= K9F K=J9H KL;H L;; O;>

9j[`]j <Yfa]dk Ea\dYf\ ;anad Kg[a]lq Gj_YfarYlagf =mjgh]Yf ;geeakkagf =ehgo]jaf_ ;g[gY @gmk]`gd\k oal` Ghhgjlmfala]k Yf\ =\m[Ylagf Kgdmlagfk 9ddaYf[] =mjgh]Yf Mfagf >YajljY\] DYZ]ddaf_ Gj_YfarYlagf >]\]jYla] F]\]jdYf\k] NYcZ]o]_af_ @YrYj\ 9fYdqkak Yf\ ;jala[Yd ;gfljgd Hgaflk Afl]jfYlagfYd ;g[gY Gj_YfarYlagf AfalaYla]^ <mmjrYe] @Yf\]d Afl]jfYlagfYd Afklalml] g^ Ljgha[Yd 9_ja[mdlmj] Afl]jfYlagfYd DYZgmj Gj_YfarYlagf Afl]jfYlagfYd Gj_YfarYlagf ^gj KlYf\Yj\arYlagf Afl]jfYlagfYd Afklalml] g^ Kg[aYd Klm\a]k g^ =jYkemk Mfan]jkalq$ Jgll]j\Ye FYlmj] ;gfk]jnYlagf J]k]Yj[` ;]flj] ?`YfY! Fgf ?gn]jfe]flYd Gj_YfarYlagf Hjg[]kkgjk 9ddaYf[] ^gj ;g[gY LjY[]YZadalq Yf\ KmklYafYZadalq Jgmf\lYZd] ^gj Y KmklYafYZd] ;g[gY =[gfgeq KmklYafYZd] 9_ja[mdlmj] F]logjc Kg[aYddq Yf\ =fnajgfe]flYddq J]khgfkaZd] 9_ja[mdlmjYd HjY[la[]k hjg_jYe KmklYafYZd] Lj]] ;jgh Hjg_jYe Ljgha[Yd ;geeg\alq ;gYdalagf Ogjd\ ;g[gY >gmf\Ylagf

Participants

O] Yhhj][aYl] l`] nYdmYZd] afhmlk g^ EYjk$ CjY^l$ F]kld]$ @]jk`]qÌk$ >]jj]jg$ ;Yj_add$ 9<E$ :Yjjq ;Ydd]ZYml$ H]ljY >gg\k$ >DG$ MLR ;]jlaÕ]\ Yf\ JYaf^gj]kl 9ddaYf[] Yf\ O;>& O] ]kh][aYddq l`Yfc H]l]j nYf ?jafkn]f ^gj Ykkaklaf_ L;; lg \]n]dgh l`] im]klagffYaj]& L`] ÕfYd j]khgfkaZadalq ^gj l`] [gfl]fl Yf\ l`] na]ok ]phj]kk]\ af l`ak hmZda[Ylagf da]k kgd]dq oal` l`] Yml`gjk&


Tropical Commodity Coalition for sustainable Tea Coffee Cocoa 24

Ljgha[Yd ;geeg\alq ;gYdalagf L;;! [gehjak]k l]f fgf%_gn]jfe]flYd gj_YfarYlagfk2 @angk$ Gp^Ye FgnaZ$ Kgda\Yja\Y\$ Gacgk$ Kgeg$ >Yaj^gg\$ Af\aY ;geeall]] g^ l`] F]l`]jdYf\k$ :gl` =f\k$ ?g]\] OYYj ;g$ Yf\ Klgh l`] LjY^Õc3 Yf\ log ljY\] mfagfk$ >FN :gf\_]fgl]f Yf\ ;FN :]\jabn]f:gf\& L;; [ggh]jYl]k oal` F?Gk Yf\ ljY\] mfagfk af [g^^]]$ l]Y Yf\ [g[gY hjg\m[af_ [gmflja]k lg aehjgn] l`] kg[aYd$ ]fnajgfe]flYd Yf\ ][gfgea[ [gf\alagfk Yl l`] Z]_affaf_ g^ l`] [g^^]]$ l]Y Yf\ [g[gY nYdm] [`Yafk& L;; Y\\j]kk]k l`] kg[aYd$ ]fnajgfe]flYd Yf\ ][gfgea[ [gf\alagfk af l`] [g^^]]$ l]Y Yf\ [g[gY [`Yafk l`jgm_` gj_Yfaraf_ af^gje]\ \ak[mkkagfk$ af Zgl` l`] Kgml` Yf\ l`] Fgjl`& L`] L;; ]fkmj]k [ggj\afYlagf g^ l`] e]eZ]jkÌ Y[lanala]k o`]j] f]]\]\$ [gehad]k d]kkgfk d]Yjfl Yf\ hjgegl]k l`] afl]j[`Yf_] g^ kljYl]_a]k lg Zmad\ k`Yj]\ mf\]jklYf\af_ Yf\ YhhjgY[`]k lg kmklYafYZadalq af l`]k] [geeg\ala]k& L;; k`Yj]k alk cfgod]\_] Yf\ afÖm]f[]k hgda[a]k Yf\ hdYfk g^ [gehYfa]k$ klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k$ ;KJ afalaYlan]k$ _gn]jfe]flk$ F?Gk Yf\ mfagfk lg \]n]dgh Yf\ aehd]e]fl kmklYafYZd] hjY[la[]k ]^Õ[a]fldq l`jgm_`gml l`] [g^^]]$ l]Y Yf\ [g[gY [`Yafk& L;; [j]Yl]k Yf ]fYZdaf_ ]fnajgfe]fl ^gj [anad kg[a]lq klYc]`gd\]jk ^jge hjg\m[af_ [gmflja]k lg bgaf Yf\ lYc] Yf Y[lan] hYjl af l`] kmklYafYZd] [geeg\alq \]ZYl]&

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