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2
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1 Introduction
3
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2 The cocoa value chain
4
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5
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Chocolate manufacturers
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3 Towards sustainability
6
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7
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Figure 3 Production and growth projections of certified cocoa by standard bodies11
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Figure 5 Certified farmers: reality versus projections in 2020
13
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5 Drivers of change
Cocoa grinders 14
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15
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Figure 6 Certified cocoa purchased by the major five chocolate manufacturers in 2009 and future commitments in 201227
[g[gY ngdme] *((1 ,,($((( l ' []jlaÕ]\ *((12 **$((( l -&( ! ' []jlaÕ]\ *()*2 -($((( l ))&, ! 16
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6 Major challenges
17
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_jYek3 Yf\ l`] lglYd fmeZ]j g^ [g[gY ^Yje]jk ogjd\oa\]
Yl Ydd d]n]dk af l`] [g[gY nYdm] [`Yaf& Kh][aYd Yll]flagf
Yk h]j O;> a&]& -$-(($(((&*0
k`gmd\ Z] _an]f lg ZY[c [dYaek g^ aehY[l Yl hjg\m[]j d]n]d$ lg e]Ykmj] j]Yd lae] hjg_j]kk$ Yf\ [j]Yl] k][lgj oa\]
Al ak ]na\]fl l`Yl naY af\ana\mYd ljYafaf_ hjg_jYek g^ l`]
[j]\aZadalq ^gj l`] ]^^gjlk g^ l`] klYc]`gd\]jk afngdn]\&
lgh - hjg[]kkgjk Yf\ [`g[gdYl] eYfm^Y[lmj]jk$ k][lgj
Gfdq l`jgm_` [geZaf]\ e]Ykmjaf_ Yf\ hggdaf_ g^ j]kmdlk
oa\] afalaYlan]k dac] O;>$ Yf\ _gn]jfe]flYd ]pl]fkagf k]j%
oadd l`] k][lgj Z] YZd] lg a\]fla^q$ \]n]dgh Yf\ oa\]dq
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aehd]e]fl ]^Õ[a]fl aehjgn]e]fl hjg_jYek&
Z]]f ljYaf]\& LjYafaf_ Y e]j] )( g^ l`] keYdd`gd\]jk `Yk lYc]f [gfka\]jYZd] lae] Yf\ ]^^gjl& Fg \gmZl$ al oadd
F]n]jl`]d]kk$ eYfq [gehYfa]k Yj] hjgY[lan] af ljYafaf_
lYc]$ j]dYlan]dq$ kg em[` egj] ]^^gjl$ lae] Yf\ j]kgmj[]k
Y[lanala]k$ Yf\ l`] :Yjge]l]j lYc]k hja\] af e]flagfaf_ Y
lg Y\\j]kk l`] j]kl g^ l`] ^Yje]jk Z][Ymk] l`]q Yj] d]kk
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gj_Yfar]\ Yf\ dan] af j]egl] Yj]Yk& Lg j]klgj] l`] ZYdYf[]
Figure 7 Investment required to train cocoa farmers worldwide
18
)( g^ l`] ^Yje]jk `Yn] j][]an]\ ljYafaf_$ l`] f][]kkYjq
?dgZYd [`g[gdYl] kYd]k *((1*1
afn]kle]fl lg ljYaf l`] j]eYafaf_ 1( ak ,(($((($(((
Afn]kl]e]fl f]]\]\ ^gj ljYafaf_
/)$*(($((($((( ,(($((($(((
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Z]lo]]f kmhhdq Yf\ \]eYf\$ Yf\ lg k]jagmkdq Y\\j]kk
Yf\ ]fnajgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf [Yf Z] Y\\j]kk]\ ^Ykl]j
jmjYd hgn]jlq Yf\ ]fnajgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf af l`] [g[gY
Yf\ egj] ]^Ã&#x2022;[a]fldq&
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f][]kkYjq&
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L`ak Yegmfl g^ ,(( eaddagf oadd gfdq [gn]j l`] [gkl g^
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Al Z][ge]k egj] Yf\ egj] ]na\]fl l`Yl Y [gehj]`]fkan] k][lgj oa\] ljYafaf_ afalaYlan] oal` _gn]jfe]flk$ af\mkljq$
% ;ggh]jYlagf Z]lo]]f klYf\Yj\k Zg\a]k
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% HYjlf]jk`ahk Z]lo]]f [gehYfa]k';KGk'_gn]jfe]flk'
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^gj [ggj\afYl]\ `a_` d]n]d ljYafaf_ Y[lanala]k$ jmjYd hgn]jlq
7 Conclusion
19
Ogjd\oa\] \]eYf\ ^gj [g[gY Z]Yfk ak _jgoaf_ kl]Y\adq$
ak `go lg egn] ^jge Y Zmkaf]kk eg\]d ZYk]\ gf hja[] Yf\
gmlhY[af_ hjg\m[lagf& L`ak q]YjÌk j][gj\ [g[gY hja[]k Yl
ngdme]$ lg gf] ZYk]\ gf hja[]$ ngdme] Yf\ kmklYafYZadalq&
l`] [geeg\alq Ym[lagfk af Dgf\gf Yf\ F]o Qgjc [d]Yjdq
Gn]j l`] dYkl \][Y\]$ eYfq [g[gY klYc]`gd\]jk `Yn] afalaY%
j]Ö][l l`] _jgoaf_ aeZYdYf[] Z]lo]]f [g[gY kmhhdq Yf\
l]\ [gehYfq Yf\ k][lgj oa\] afalaYlan]k lg Y\\j]kk nYjagmk
\]eYf\& Egj] l`Yf `Yd^ l`] _dgZYd [g[gY Z]Yf kmhhdq
h]jlaf]fl akkm]k$ dac] [`ad\ dYZgmj$ ^Yje]j k[`ggdaf_ Yf\ ]f%
[ge]k ^jge ?`YfY Yf\ Angjq ;gYkl& ;g[gY ak Ydegkl ]p[dm%
najgfe]flYd \]_jY\Ylagf& Af j][]fl q]Yjk$ l`]j] `Yk Z]]f Y
kan]dq ^Yje]\ Zq keYdd`gd\]jk o`g Y[[gmfl ^gj gn]j 1( g^
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l`] _dgZYd hjg\m[lagf& L`]k] keYdd%k[Yd] hjg\m[]jk g^l]f
hjg\m[lagf hjY[la[]k$ o`a[` `Yk l`] afl]flagf lg j]klgj]
^Ydd Z]dgo l`] hgn]jlq daf]$ mfYZd] lg eYc] Y danaf_ ^jge
l`] ZYdYf[] Z]lo]]f kmhhdq Yf\ \]eYf\ g^ [g[gY Z]Yfk&
[g[gY ^Yjeaf_& Lg\Yq l`] [g[gY k][lgj$ af egkl hjg\m[af_
L`] hmZda[ Yffgmf[]e]fl g^ EYjk af *((1 lg ogjc lgoYj\k
[gmflja]k$ ak [gf^jgfl]\ oal` l`] \aj] [gfk]im]f[]k g^
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Yf\ l`] \]eYf\ ^gj [g[gY$ []jlaÕ]\ Y_Yafkl kmklYafYZadalq
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klYf\Yj\k$ `Yk _jgof Yhhj][aYZdq& >mlmj] [geeale]fl$
imYl] kmhhdq g^ imYdalq [g[gY$ Y ka_faÕ[Yfl ]^^gjl lg afn]kl
af\a[Ylaf_ [d]Yj kl]hk lg kgmj[] Y _jgoaf_ k`Yj] g^ kmklYaf%
af l`] `meYf [YhalYd g^ ^Yje]jk ak YZkgdml]dq ]kk]flaYd&
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Concentration
`]dh lg klaemdYl] Zgl` hjg\m[lagf Yf\ [gfkmehlagf eYj%
E]Yfo`ad]$ l`] gf_gaf_ `gjargflYd Yf\ n]jla[Yd afl]_jY%
c]lk ^gj kmklYafYZd] [g[gY Yf\ [`g[gdYl] hjg\m[lk&
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Certification
eYjc]l lg gfdq Y `Yf\^md g^ ljYfkfYlagfYd [gehYfa]k&
NYjagmk klYf\Yj\k kqkl]ek$ oal` \a^^]j]fl Zmkaf]kk h]j%
D]kk l`Yf l]f [gjhgjYlagfk \]Yd oal` egj] l`Yf -( g^
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l`] ogjd\Ìk [g[gY Z]Yfk Yf\ daima\ [`g[gdYl] hjg\m[lagf&
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[gmd\ lYc] mh l`]aj [gjhgjYl] kg[aYd j]khgfkaZadalq Yf\ Z]%
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dalq klYf\Yj\k k`gmd\ Z] k]]f Yk afkljme]flk lg aehjgn] l`] kg[aYd$ ]fnajgfe]flYd Yf\ ][gfgea[ kalmYlagf g^ l`] [g[gY
Change
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20
afkm^Ă&#x2022;[a]fl lg \]l]jeaf] l`]aj km[[]kk jYl] Yf\ ljYafaf_
egj] l`Yf -( g^ Ydd keYdd`gd\]jk$ oal`af )( q]Yjk$ f]]\k Y
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Challenges
kaf_ j]egl] Yf\ mfgj_Yfak]\ ^Yje]jk oadd ^mjl`]j afĂ&#x2013;Yl]
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Yj] kaehdq Yklgfak`af_& JYaf^gj]kl 9ddaYf[] ak lYj_]laf_
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8 Sources of information
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8 Sources of information
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Other sources L;; *((0!2 :j]Ycaf_ l`] na[agmk [aj[d] af l`] [g[gY k][lgj Zq k[Ydaf_ mh l`] [g[gY keYdd`gd\]jk L;; *((0!2 Ko]]lf]kk ^gddgok$ *f\ ]\alagf L;; *((1!2 ;g[gY :Yjge]l]j *((1 L;; *()(!2 L]Y :Yjge]l]j *()( L;; *()(! ;g^^]] :Yjge]l]j *()( A<@ *()(!2 KmklYafYZd] ;g[gY ^gj l`] <ml[` EYjc]l Ç 9fYdqkak g^ l`] <ml[` [g[gY k][lgj
Abbreviations
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23
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Participants
O] Yhhj][aYl] l`] nYdmYZd] afhmlk g^ EYjk$ CjY^l$ F]kld]$ @]jk`]qÌk$ >]jj]jg$ ;Yj_add$ 9<E$ :Yjjq ;Ydd]ZYml$ H]ljY >gg\k$ >DG$ MLR ;]jlaÕ]\ Yf\ JYaf^gj]kl 9ddaYf[] Yf\ O;>& O] ]kh][aYddq l`Yfc H]l]j nYf ?jafkn]f ^gj Ykkaklaf_ L;; lg \]n]dgh l`] im]klagffYaj]& L`] ÕfYd j]khgfkaZadalq ^gj l`] [gfl]fl Yf\ l`] na]ok ]phj]kk]\ af l`ak hmZda[Ylagf da]k kgd]dq oal` l`] Yml`gjk&
Tropical Commodity Coalition for sustainable Tea Coffee Cocoa 24
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