SOCIAL-ECOLOGICALURBANISM2022 FINAL REPORT I MÖLNDALPART2
Colophon Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Social Ecological Urbanism Studio 2022 Design studio ARK 142 Studio participants Naïna KláraGwendolynIsakPaulaSeyedehmahdisDion-BarbinMirsadeghiCatalinadelaCruzLarbornBauerHrdli čková Jean-Luc Robbins Amanda Tiderman Häll Isabella KajsaAlietteJorindeFenjaIciarAleksandraContiSuszczakdeÁguedaMartínSchwarztrauberRijmendeBriançonRosenlundLindvall Course coordinator: Ioanna MartinGuestMetaEvgeniyaLarsTutors:MetaExaminer:StavroulakiBerghauserPontMarcusBobkovaBerghauserPontlecturers:Allik,MareldLandscape architects Johan Colding, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Louise Didriksson, White Job van Eldijk, Chalmers/Rambol Alexander Gösta, Liljewall Åsa Gren, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Oskar Kindvall, Calluna Ann Legeby, KTH Lukas Memborn, Gothenburg municipality Eva Minoura, Sveriges Arkitekten Martin Nordahl, Okidoki Gus Tielens, korthtielens architecten, Amsterdam
Contents Introduction 5 Group 1 The Network City 6 General context 8 Vision and workflow 10 Master Plan 12 Fragmented Urban Form 14 Unlinked Ecosystem 18 Disconnected Green 22 Lack of By-product 26 Monofunctional Land use 30 Key Projects 34 Social Knot (Naïna Dion-Barbin) 36 Suburb Patch (Seyedehmahdis Mirsadeghi) 46 The Hybrid Ecodistrict (Paula Catalina de la Cruz) 62 River Street (Isak Larborn) 74 Urban Metamorphosis (Gwendolyn Bauer) 86 Group Potential2 for In-between Spaces 100 General context 102 Strategies 104 Masterplan 106 Analyses and proposals 108 Key projects Creating new locality (Klára Hrdličková) 146 Bridging the gap (Jean-Luc Robbins) 156 Healing green fabric (Amanda Tiderman Häll) 168 Green living (Isabella Conti) 180 Rethinking the industrial (Aleksandra Suszczak) 190 Attraction and gateway for social local life (Iciar de Águeda Martín) 202 Group 3 Social ecological suburbanism 214 General context 216 Spatial analysis 218 Masterplan 220 Regional Hegemony 222 Divided Ecological Green 226 Urban Sprawl 230 Lack of Identity 234 Key projects 238 A Pedestrian Boulevard for Kållered (Fenja Schwarztrauber) 240 Plan Octopus (Jorinde Rijmen) 250 Mölndal Industry (Aliette de Briançon) 262 Social Ecological Path (Kajsa Rosenlund Lindvall) 274
Mölndal station Kållerad station Central station - Heden - Korsvagen
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This book presents the results of the Design Studio 2022 where students, in teams, developed three Masterplans for two areas in Gothenburg. Two areas are selected for the development of Master plans. The first location is south of the river linking the city centre to Mölndal. The second is south to Mölndal linking it to sururban developments around Källerad. The challenge addressed this year was to transform these disconnected and less dense areas into more vital and connected places, where besides socio-economic performance, eco logical performance is also in focus. Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio
During the first seven weeks of the studio, five Masterplans were developed for two areas locat ed in what is defined as the intermediate city in Gothenburg’s Development Strategy (2014) with potentials for densification. The objective in Goth enburg’s Development Strategy is to add 45 000–55 000 new housing within the entire intermedi ate city, which asked for a proposal that allows for such densification and at the same time improves social-ecological sustainability. We challenged the students to especially take into account the am bitions in the Transport Strategy of Gothenburg (2014) to supplementing the current radial infra structure with cross-connections in what we can call a network city. This also includes its linkage to the Mölndal and developments here. This will re lieve the inner city of Gothenburg, strengthen the qualities of Mölndal, reduce the vulnerability of the system and contribute to greater equality between city districts as well as to increased possibilities for integration of the city’s parts into one whole.
Urban design project (individual key-project)
Current global urbanization processes put acute stress on urban and ecological systems. The chal lenge is not only how to accomplish this, but also to determine which qualities we want to see emerge, which puts unprecedented expectations on ur ban planning and design and brings knowledge demands that these practices are not always well prepared for.
Masterplan (group work)
During the second half of the studio, individual key-projects were developed. A specific objective for these projects is that they should, in a convinc ing way, demonstrate that they help realise the vi sions set out in the Masterplan. Furthermore, the iterative character of design is emphasized, where students test different design solutions, evaluate these using the analytical tools and adapt the de sign proposal for the plan to support the aimed for directions in the masterplan. Through the work shops and lectures, students are supported to ar rive at a solution that supports the social, economic and environmental goals, though the careful design of streets, green and blue infrastructure, building types and public-private interfaces.
INTRODUCTION
The studio is organised around a sequence of work shops, laboratories in GIS, lectures, literature sem inars and a design studio. Workshops give room for experiments, lectures transfer knowledge and offer inspiration, laboratories in GIS gave the technical knowhow to conduct advanced spatial analysis, lit erature seminars deepened the understanding and critical reading of theories and methods, which is synthesised on the Masterplans and key-projects. This year, the studio focused on both socio-eco nomic and ecological sustainability. For this pur pose, it is crucial to understand how urban form impacts people’s movement patterns and creates different arenas for people to meet, from local squares where it is more expected to meet your neighbours, to places with a strategic role in the city’s communication and where you can meet peo ple from all neighbourhoods of Gothenburg. To be able to foresee movement flows and co-presence patterns is key to urban design and planning, as it is the driver for other economic activities, such as the development of local markets, but also for the de velopment of social infrastructure, such as service from schools to public transport. To also address ecological processes, the green and blue infrastruc ture is discussed through the lens of urban ecosys tem services, including both cultural services (e.g. recreational, therapeutic) as well as supporting and regulating services (e.g. pollination, biodiversity).
The main goal of the Design Studio is to strengthen students’ understanding of how urban form pro vides a framework and creates conditions for social and environmental processes. Theories and meth ods in analytical Urban Morphology, especially net work analysis (Space Syntax) and density analysis (Spacematrix), are used to arrive at what can be called an evidence-based-design methodology.
GROUP 3 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL SUBURBANISM General context Spatial AKeyLackUrbanDividedRegionalMasterplananalysisHegemonyEcologicalGreenSprawlofIdentityprojectsPedestrianBoulevardfor Kållered Plan SocialMölndalOctopusIndustryEcologicalPath FenjaAlietteSchwarztrauberJorindeRijmendeBriançon Kajsa Rosenlund Lindvall
Considering the geographical context and the demand of de velopment, the masterplan is taking a diverse stance in these terms. Focusing on maintaining and amplifying qualities of the suburbs. Areas that are commonly neglected in planning de spite their significant locations.
- I. De Solà-Morales in ‘Periphery as a Project’, Barcelona, 1992
The masterplan targets the area located south of Mölndal city, along the west side of the E6 highway. It contains different spatial conditions, going from the industrial area of Mölndal, where AstraZeneca is located, over the remote housing area Peppared, to the western part of the town Kållered. The tar geted area has a strong regional connection and a strategic geographical location. These overall qualities, however, stand in contrast with present low-intense and suburban character. Social Ecological Suburbanism
GENERAL CONTEXT Mölndal city is the suburban neighbor to Gothenburg city (Mölndal, 2021). The two cities have slowly developed to be less and less distinguishable from each other, as they unite along connecting infrastructure. Mölndal as a municipality dif fers from Gothenburg municipality, with low scale centers and low density suburban settlements with a rather dense cover age of Thoughgreen.themunicipalities differ in density and scale, they are both afflicted with a housing shortage. (Blucher, 2021). The housing shortage increased slowly since the early 90s as the developed settlements have been unsuccessful to meet a mod erate influx. (Hyresgästföreningen, 2021). Within a larger con text of “The Global North”, the urbanisation trend has slowed down, meaning that the task of masterplanning is rather to maintain and enhance existing urbanities than to add new. (Romice et al, 2020).
216 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
‘The sense of a place in the periph ery is the absence of place in the classical sense, the absence of de terminations marked by the history of the locus. And the sensations that peripheral places evoke are not only images of an expectant void, but most of all the feeling of indifference about the position of the built forms. Not that objects are indifferent in themselves, but rather indifferent between themselves. [...] The sense and potential of the peripheral place is strong precisely because neither ‘repetition’ nor ‘difference’ have oc cupied it.’
217General context 0 2 5 km Kållered Peppared Mölndal Göteborg Legend Urban centricity Suburban centricity Targeted Areas Targeted Secondary Road Secondary Road RailwayRailroadStation
Different ‘green typologies’ can be distinguished, varying in terms of human interference. The majority of the land consists of ecological green, with low human interference. Then there is curated green, with a limited and respectful human interfer ence. The curated green is mainly used for recreational pur poses. The category of artificial green describes green struc tures such as the golf course or agricultural fields. Artificial green areas are developed to serve human purposes but do, however, still provide ecological qualities. The different types of green each serve their purpose and have their individual qualities. Collectively, the different green areas make up the great ecological reserve that Mölndal municipality has.
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218 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Social Ecological Suburbanism
Peppared and Kållered-West are calm suburban settlements without a direct regional connection. Both are characterized by residential buildings that are clustered in different groups of similar typologies. The tissue of Kållered is mostly defined by single houses with private gardens, typical Swedish ‘villas’. Peppared has been built more recently and contains besides villas several low-rise modernist housing blocks.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS General Introduction
In the following, the spatial characteristics of the current situ ation in the area Mölndal up until Kållered will be described.
Green Structure Data from SCB about the municipality of Mölndal estimate the natural green to cover 59.9% of the land, which is 20% more natural green than the coverage of Gothenburg municipality (SCB, 2015). The urbanity in Mölndal is mainly located in the valleys, although recent developments tend to spread out into the surrounding green hills.
The diagrams are based on space syntax analysis conducted through QGIS and the photos were taken during study visits to the area. Network Mölndal and Kållered are connected through the railway and the E6 highway. These regional North - South connectors form a physical separation between the west and the east. The separation creates an infrastructural imbalance and causes both sides to develop separately. Exemplary is the location of the central station of Mölndal “on top” of the highway as an attempt to overcome the separation and serve both west and east equally. Moving away from the highway, a secondary street network serves the suburban settlements on both sides. Land Occupation Entrances to the regional connection (train stations and high way entries) define the location of the urban centers as cars and motorized traffic take an important place.
The industrial areas are located in good connection to the highway, but lack any form of further interaction with their en vironment. A similar observation can be made for the subur ban settlements; besides a motorized connection through the secondary street network, Peppared and Kållered-West are rather isolated. Patches of nature form green buffer zones in between these introverted industrial and residential areas.
219 Network Land Occupation Green Structure SecondaryHighwayUrban Road BusRailwayRailroadStationStop ChurchHealthcareSchoolRecreationIndustryCommercialSingleresidentialMultiresidential ContourContourVegetationWaterLineLine Spatial analysis
Introduce A Local Network Regional Hegemony Reconnect Through Ecological Path Divided Ecological Green Redine Network & Centrality Urban Sprawl Redirect Attraction Lack of Identity Social Ecological Suburbanism
220 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
The main concept addressed through this masterplan is social ecological sub-urban development. Underlying statements and assumptions are based on space syntax analysis and study vis its. Within the current masterplan, four main problems can be distinguished. Their specific nature and the strategies to target them will be discussed separately. The subdivision in ‘four lay ers’ however, is no more than a way of clarifying the complex ity of the area. Combined, the strategies will interact with each other and all together they serve the greater purpose of the general concept. The interventions are primarily focused on the neglected mu nicipal areas of Peppared, Kållered West and the industrial area south of Mölndal. The local secondary street network that connects these areas is used as a tool to counter the hegemo ny of the regional scale. Additionally, a pedestrian and bicycle network is introduced to serve and encourage active modes of transport. Related to the topography and the different typolo gies of green, this network for soft modes of transportation similarly functions as an ecological connector. Together with the redefined street network, a reconfiguration of land-uses redirects (sub-)urbanity and contributes to stopping the urban sprawl. The identity of local centers is strengthened strategi cally and with respect for their suburban context. The suburban context can be found in different places in Swe den and by extension all over Europe. Although it has often been neglected until now, suburbanity with its low intensity, the proximity of the green, etc. bears great values. To be able to maintain these qualities in a sustainable way, suburban con texts require an equal level of analysis and planning as high in tensity urban areas. The Social-Ecological suburbanism master plan aims to acknowledge and sustain suburbanity whilst intro ducing additional social ecological qualities that equip the area with a resilient structure.
MASTERPLAN
| Vision
Based on the proposed density (FSI), the assumption that each dwelling is on average 100 sqm GFA and each dwelling is in habited by approximately 2 persons, we reach a total amount of around 3 000 new dwellings and 5 000-7 000 new inhabit ants. The area of land totals 230 000 sqm and the added GFA 300 000 sqm.
221Masterplan Network Land Occupation Green Structure Densification SecondaryHighwayRailway Road Public PedestrianTransportConnections CommercialHousing Industry/Office Public Square Main Center Local Center Ecological Green Curated Green Artificial Green Social-Ecological Path Green RecreationalEntrenceActivity MidMid-LowLow Infill Residential Infill Industry/Office FSI 0.25-0.5 FSI 0.5-1 FSI 1-1,5
REGIONAL HEGEMONY Spatial Analysis
The problem of regional hegemony is defined through space syntax analysis of angular betweenness. The distance of 3 km provides results customized to the suburban scale. Analysis of both the non-motorized and motorized network illustrate a diversity of flows through the various settlements covered by the Themasterplan.non-motorized angular betweenness of the current situ ation illustrates fractured movements which in practice im pede pedestrian movements through settlements and nature. Angular betweenness of the motorized network illustrates a secondary road, alternative to the highway, of more coherent local movements parallel to the three main areas covered by the masterplan. The motorized secondary road favors con nectivity of car-based transportation. With the prominence of the regional highway and the secondary road, regionality is superior to locality. The three main areas targeted by the mas terplan are thus lacking a supportive local network facilitating pedestrian movements between the settlements. The adjustments made to the non motorized and motorized network strategically enhance pedestrian movements through the settlements by articulating the non-motorized network whilst impeding the motorized network.
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Social Ecological Suburbanism
222 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
223Spatial Analysis Current: Angular Betweenness 3 km, Non Motorised Proposal: Angular Betweenness 3 km, Non Motorised Current: Angular Betweenness 3 km, Motorised Proposal: Angular Betweenness 3 km, Motorised
INTRODUCE A LOCAL NETWORK | Proposal
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
RÉALISÉÀL'AIDED'UNPRODUITAUTODESKVERSIONÉTUDIANT
To mitigate regionality the masterplan suggests the introduc tion of a network favoring local movements. Regional hegemo ny is combated with respect to the aids both the train line and highway serve the main areas. Therefore, rather than interfer ing with regional connections, the local networks are targeted and optimized. The secondary road, mainly serving motorized movement between the three areas, is articulated through smaller reconfigurations favoring the settlement’s proximity to public transport. Emphasis is put on the pedestrian movements through the settlements and the rich landscapes in between through complimentary paths connected to the existing nonmotorized network. In sum the existing non-motorized net work and the added paths, merge into a coherent pedestrian network supporting movements through the main areas and their immediate nature.
Current: Local Network Proposal: Local Network
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
In order for the pedestrian network to become further con nected to both the settlements and nature it permeates, tar geted interventions in the three main areas regulate accessi bility on a further local scale. In both Peppared and Mölndal Industry perpendicular connections are added to emphasize the relation between the coherent pedestrian path, local cen ters and nature. In Kållered the secondary road leads to its commercial center, strengthened to serve as an local alterna tive to the highway with extended accessible public transport.
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
Social Ecological Suburbanism
224 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ
225Proposal 0 600 1500 m Legend SecondaryHighwayRailway Road Public Transport Non Motorised Path
Social Ecological Suburbanism
Studying the area of intervention from an ecological perspec tive, two main observations are made. Firstly, the site is charac terized by a strong topological presence. Urban development (housing areas, industry and cultivated land) is mainly located in the valleys, with a more recent trend of villa areas spread ing out over the hills. Secondly, how the majority of the area is vegetated land. Up to 60% of the municipality of Mölndal is covered by forest (SCB, 2015). Further examining the land coverage of the area, the area itself obtains a diversity of eco logical green which however is divided areas of urbanity, indus try and ‘less valuable greenery’ (which can be understood as arable land and other non-vegetated open land). Because of a lack of connections, the separated islands of ecological green lose a significant part of their qualities such as the potential of forming a habitat for larger wildlife. (Marcus, 2022)
226 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 DIVIDED ECOLOGICAL GREEN | Spatial Analysis
To the same degree the ecological green is divided, the con nection between ecology and society is. The analysis of the non-motorized attraction betweenness to green entrances il lustrates the connectivity between pedestrian movement and to green areas such as parks and trails. Through the analysis, a lack of both accessibility and green entrances becomes evi dent. In order to reconnect the divided ecological green and heighten its social connectivity, both, the pedestrian network and the land coverage, are in need of care.
227Spatial Analysis Topography Landcover Current: Attraction Betweenness 3 km, Green Entrances, Non Motorised Proposal: Attraction Betweenness 3 km, Green Entrances, Non Motorised
In the large existing green areas, several typologies can be dis tinguished, relating to the social and ecological function these areas have, as shown in the section below, the range of green ery goes from ‘Artificial Green’ - man made and permanently maintained such as the golf court - to ‘Curated Green’ - natural but regularly maintained such as forests with popular hiking trails - to ‘Ecological Green’ - undisturbed green areas with a very low human presence. It is important to maintain this di versity of green typologies, since they all have their specific function and qualities.(Science for Environment Policy, 2015) It is proven that (undisturbed) ecological greenery helps pre serve the indigenous biodiversity while being outside in green environments has a very positive effect on human health, too (Gladwell, 2013). Artificial greenery is intentionally preserved or redeveloped to articulate the border between urbanity and nature.
RECONNECT THROUGH ECOLOGICAL PATH | Proposal
The proposed social ecological path acts as a unifying solution to the social and ecological fragmentation. It is an active trans port based route, parallel to the local motorized network. The path intentionally passes through and by diverse ecological scenery and urbanities. Arranged to aid affordances profiting the accessibility between existing settlements, whilst preserv ing topological qualities in their surrounding landscapes, the path assists existing networks to provide accessible transpor tation as well as ecological encounters. As argued by doctorate Lars Marcus in the article Overcoming the Subject-Object Di chotomy in Urban Modeling, movement patterns are essential regulators of the encounters between people and green, fur ther a determinant of co-presence (Marcus, 2018). Through the reconfiguration of the network, the masterplan regulates the movement patterns to aid both movements, moments of increased co-presence and relation to ecology.
228 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
Artificial Green Curated Green Ecological Green Social Ecological Suburbanism
229Proposal Legend0 Ecological Green Curated Green Artificial Green Added Ecological Connection Social-Ecological Path Green RecreationalEntrenceActivity
230 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
Peppared as a suburban island is adjacent to nature and con nected through the motorized secondary road. It is contained within its ring structured motorized road but lacks an integrat ed centrality serving the island and its inhabitants.
Social Ecological Suburbanism
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The lack of definition is similarly evident in the separated area of Mölndal industry, where the scale of the plots increase dis tance and decrease hierarchy. The scale of the plots naturally answers to the operations they contain. These operations de pend on motorized heavy duty traffic, which further increase the scale and distance of infrastructure and grid.
URBAN SPRAWL Spatial Analysis
The adjustments made to the non motorized and motorized network strategically regulates integration to redefine settle ment centrality, contained rather than sprawled.
The problem of urban sprawl is evident in space syntax analy sis of angular integration. The suburbs sprawl into surrounding ecology with supporting infrastructure which lack hierarchical definition. The urban sprawl is evident in the west of Kållered where the residential area spreads from the highway, near the station area in the east, to the west into the forest. The urban sprawl of Kållered creates an unnecessary pedestrian distance and an undefined centrality.
231Spatial Analysis Current: Angular Integration 500 m, Non Motorised Proposal: Angular Integration 500 m, Non Motorised Current: Angular Integration 2 km, Non Motorised Proposal: Angular Integration 2 km, Non Motorised
The main objectives to be accomplished in order to stop the urban sprawl is to redirect centrality or strengthen already existing centrality. In addition, two principles support the stop where continuation of urbanity is deemed possible but un wanted. The first principle involves direction through land-use and the second principle adjusts the urban sprawl to topogra Inphy.the book “Masterplanning For Change; Designing the Re silient City” by Romice et Al, 2020, the authors characterize similarities between urban morphology and system ecology. Resilience, as a term of system ecology, is adapted to the urban context (Romice et al, 2020). The masterplan aims to compliment, maintain and amplify the suburban qualities found in the areas. In that way it aims to improve the resilience of the selected areas. With these inten tions, the fact still stands that the masterplan does intervene with the area’s development and their adaptive cycles.
Create RecreationalBarrierLand-use
The unregulated urban sprawl creates pedestrian unfriendly distances and inefficient land-use, not qualitative from either ecological or social perspectives.
Social Ecological Suburbanism
We evaluate the problem of urban sprawl as an example of a slow pace development of disturbance to the urban fabric and network. If this disturbance is to continue the areas are pushed past a form of critical resilience. The interference the masterplan has with the urban fabric and network we deem more adaptive and resilient than of the unregulated sprawl.
232 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 REDEFINE NETWORK & CENTRALITY | Proposal
Redirect Centrality
Topography
233Proposal Legend0 Means of Stopping The Urban Sprawl Redirect CentralityRecreational Land-UseTopography Social-EcologicalCentrality Path RecreationalTopography Activity Center
LACK OF IDENTITY | Spatial Analysis
Within the areas of focus there are a range of urbanities. How ever there are two main factors defining the areas. Firstly, the significance of the highway, promoting a regional connection and car use. Secondly, a separation between urban functions; industry, commerce and dwellings. In sum these two factors create low intense suburban areas which in relation to more urban areas within the context are neglected in planning and therefore lacking in identity. The notion of suburban neglect goes along with municipal interventions starting during fall 2021 focusing on social integration in Peppared/Balltorp. (Mölndal, 2021). The separation of urbanities are evident in the west of Kållered, where the area in proximity to the high way serves motorized commerce and industry whilst housing is located further west with a distance to the railway center in the east.
Building existingAttractionsType/proposedHousingEducationIndustryRetail
Social Ecological Suburbanism
234 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 EducationCultureCommerceSports
235Spatial Analysis 0.183-0.6 BuildingFSI 0-0.12 0.12-0.28 0.28-0.4 0.4-4.38 GOT_NMS_190611 Attractions: Existing and proposed based on AI NMS 500 m Current: FSI
The problem of lack of identity takes a stance from the interventions made in the prevention of urban sprawl. Through the redirection of centrality and the creation of poly centrality the areas reach a new connectivity. Through this connectivity we see potential to create new attractions which will strengthen the local identity. With the support of an added fine grain pedestrian friendly infrastructure, added built forms are contained within the existing motorized network. Whilst paying respect to the low intense suburban car based context.
The municipality of Mölndal has a total population of 70 000 inhabitants (SCB, 2021). The municipality estimates the population to grow by roughly 10 000 inhabitants until 2031 (Mölndal, 2021). Considering the areas targeted in the masterplan making up fragments of the municipality, we estimate the population to increase with 5000-7000 inhabitants over the next 20 years. The required GFA to meet this increase is 250 000-350 000 sqm. With respect to the suburban context the added dwellings will take a stance in the FSI of the villa areas, 0.25, to create a more dense urbanity of FSI 1.6 along the most central infrastructure.
Previously separated urban functions are now mixed through reconfiguration of plots, a reconfiguration which further answers to the obtained redirected centrality.
0.25 0.5 FSI 1.0 1.5
236 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Mid REDIRECT CENTRALITY | Proposal
Densification,
Social Ecological Suburbanism Low Mid-Low
237Proposal 0 600 1500 m Land OccupationHousingHousing + CommersialCommercial Industry/Office + Commercial Industry/Office Public Square Main Center Local Center MidMid-LowLow Infill Residential Infill Industry/Office FSI 0.25-0.5 FSI 0.5-1 FSI 1-1,5
The third key project focuses on an industrial area close to Mölndal. This area will probably be part of the city in a few years therefore the aim is to bring an urban life for people working there and to include it in the city. The idea is also to break the scale and to provide a more human scale.
The last key project is not about a specific area but a long green corridor that links all of the three previous key projects. The challenge is to develop this path first as a way of connecting the suburban areas from Mölndal to Kållered for pedestrians and bicycles. Secondly, the aim is to create a natural border to control urban sprawl and, at the same time, to value the green spaces along it.
The second key project is about redefining an old housing sub urban area in Peppared and adapting it to the new challenges: limited use of the car, more connections to the green and an urban center. The aim is also to integrate it to the local network while keeping its own identity and limits.
238 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 KEY PROJECTS |
Social Ecological Suburbanism A B C A B C A B C A B C D
The first key project is dealing with the creation of a new center in Kållered West as there is a high potential through the prox imity of the train station and the greenery. The challenge is to implement the new functions in the area which is currently an open field. And to create attractiveness and a good local con nectivity in order to bring life towards the center.
239Key Projects B
A PEDESTRIAN BOULEVARD FOR KÅLLERED WEST FENJA SCHWARZTRAUBER Focusing on the new social connector between Kållered East and West. Promoting the identy of the suburb by creating a centre with new attractions for Kållered West. GSEducationalVersion
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The area is in close proximity to Kållereds train station and has a good connection to the regional road network. Holding a lot of potential for densification and to create space for new it is right next to the newly build Ikea bringing frequent regional visitors to the area.
Specialhouseholds.is,that
The western part of Kållered is a classical Swedish suburb de fined by low dense dwelling, agriculture, an industrial area and some inaccessible nature islands. The key-project area is cur rently an empty field surrounded by a car-only road.
Picture of the current car-based road structure in Kållered West. Analysis map of the current buildings and density.
Problem description
The challenging goal is to introduce a completely new pedes trian friendly road network to the empty area as a base for a future quarter, offering a suburban center to Kållered West.
Building FSI0GOT0,40,280,120,12-0,28-0,4-4,38nonmotorized network A pedestrian boulevard for Kållerad
Building FSI 0 - 0.12 0.12 - 0.28 0.28 - 0.4 0.4 - 4.38 GOT_NMS_190611 Building FSI 0 - 0.12 0.12 - 0.28 0.28 - 0.4 0.4 - 4.38 GOT_NMS_190611
On the other side it is a challenge to bring the industrial area with its big plots into a good relation to the small plot residen tial area. And to include the important big road, Ekenleden leading towards Pepparred, into the new quarter.
A section of the proposed
242 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Masterplan title
In the masterplan, we decided on an additional pedestrian con nection between Kållered East to Kållered West crossing the highway. It will pass the new Ikea, turning it into an unsusual pedestrian accessible Ikea. Further, it is leading pedestrians towards the green corridor located in the west. I decided to further work on that social connector and devel oped a new road network around it. While having the creation of a new suburban center in mind. As seen on the analysis maps a high betweenness and integra tion was achieved, holding good conditions for an attractive center with shops, services and leisure activities. And possibili ties for calm residential living as much as new offices. masterplan.
BetweenessAngular3kNMS DetailPlanKalleredWest 05_30 1:10000 DetailPlanKalleredWest 05_30 1:10000 Introducing a new road network 0 500 1000 m 500mIntegrationAngularNMS
243 GSEducationalVersion V V V V V V V VA B C 0 50 100 m IKEA A pedestrian boulevard for Kållerad
244 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 GSEducationalVersion The public flow shows the new focus on pedestrian-based roads. The highly frequented social connector, the new boulevard, stands out. It is connecting Kallered East and West passing the Ikea and the new suburban center with its park and continues up to the green corridor. Slow Traffic and Frequency The public flowFast Traffic Masterplan title CorridorGreen KålleredEast PepparedTrainstationKållered GastorpKålleredSouth 0 50 100 m Public flow
245 0 50 100 m GSEducationalVersion V V V VV V Grocery ServicesStores/ResidentialStoresCafe/Restaurant Offices Public V Ground floor usage The usage of the ground floors is decided based on the high inbetweenes occuring at the central padestrian crossing. Bigger plots are reserved for public functions like education or leisure activties. Smaller ones are for housing. A pedestrian boulevard for Kållerad
246 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 0 50 100 m GSEducationalVersion V FSI 0,42 · 2-Storey Villas · Housing · Private Gardens FSI 0,27 · 2-Storey Villas · Housing · PrivateFSIGardens 0,8 · Block2-StoreyStructure / Row Houses · Housing · Club CourtyardsGood / Private Gardens FSI 1,32 · Block3-StoreyStructure / Row Houses · Housing and Commercial Groundfloors · Club Good Courtyards / Private Gardens FSI 2,08 · Block4-StoreyStructure · Housing and Commercial Groundfloors · Club Good Courtyards FSI 2,85 · 5Block/7-StoreyStructure · Housing and Offices · Club Good Courtyards Density The density of the blocks depend on their relation to either residential areas or industrial areas and reflect their surroundings. The buildings vary from twostory villas in the residential areas up to midrise buildings with 5 to 7 floors. Creating a gradient to smoothly connect old and new structures and to intgrate the industrial area to a residential area.
GSEducationalVersion A B C A pedestrian boulevard for Kållerad
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The buildings will vary from typical Swedish villas over building blocks, like the ones in Gothenburgs Majorna, to mid-rise office buildings. Which are shielding the rest of the quarter from the noise of the highway. Public buildings will have free-form cubatures standing out from the rest of the building-foms.
248 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Section A - A Section B -B Street sections GSEducationalVersion 8,5m 5m 2,5m Pedestrian Boulevard Double Bicycle path Square Ac Outdoor Space Public Park 2m 2m 5m 2m 2m PedestrianSidewalk Car Road BicyclePathParkingCar PedestrianSidewalk
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Perspective of the new square in the center of the boulevard. With the swimming hall on the right side and the active ground floors on the left.
GSEducationalVersion A pedestrian boulevard for Kållerad
PLAN OCTOPUS JORINDE RIJMEN
A forgotten village is given a new (sub)urban heart. A new village square with adjacent (public) functions form the core of the plan. From there, more subtle and strategic interventions reach out into the village’s network of streets, greenery and public spaces.
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Wide roads and parking lots are two of Peppared’s main characteristics. In the lack of a real (sub)urban center, the ‘entry’ to the village is formed by a large parking lot with alonely pizza place along the regional road. It is symbolic for the character of the whole village. Peppared is a place to sleep for car and human, but no more than that. Life is lived elsewhere. The asphalted entrylanes that lead up to the front doors and the many pathways to side and back entrances make it possible to avoid any interaction with the other inhabitants of this sleeping village.
However, the building typologies that can be found in Peppared today, do not represent the qualities of their green surroundings. The compact rowhouses with small, private gardens are indeed very space-efficient, but the wide collection of spaces that are ‘left over’ remains undefined. Around the gardens, high fences are set up for privacy reasons. More than fencing-off the curious eyes of an accidental passer-by, they also fence-in the visual and physical relation with the surrounding nature. ... under the rule of King Car.
Peppared is a small and residential settlement from the 70’s, located alongside the regional road that connects Mölndal to West-Kålered. Its calm and peacefull atmosphere can be attributed to the forests and hilly topography that form a green buffer in between the village and Mölndal’s industry, the highroad and surrounding settlements. Additionally, there is a large park in the middle of Peppared, so that every inhabitant could reach a green area within a 1 minute - walking distance. ... is privacy the highest good ...
Peppared - a suburban lifestyle in a seventies’ body Plan SurroundedOctopus by quiet nature
Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Public PrivateCommongreenerygreenerygreenery onstruc on phase e is n proposed uildin heioorht - oors - oors round oor entrance & use residen al o e a & co erce recrea on sports & culture par educain on Built Greenery Network - radient by o in speed Motorized taffic low-speed car access local hub, place to stay bicycle & pedestrian focused Social Ecological suburbanism PLAN OCTOPUS | Social - Ecological Suburbanism 1000 200 m Legenda
Discovering the green “Geography should never be ignored […]. The old dichotomy between city as a compact entity surrounded by a ring road and the countryside beyond this urban space has lost its value […] City and country are part of the same entity.” - from: ‘The role of the urban project in the new urban culture’, J. Busquets, in ‘de Architect’, november 2011 When designing for (the transformation of) an urban or suburban environment, it is essential to make a critical observation of the area’s capcity to adapt to changes. Large-scale developments can transform an existing urban structure thoroughly and generate completely new socio-spatial urban relations. This may lead to the alienation of current residents from their home (E. Eizenberg, 2019). Therefore, a more subtle approach, based on analysis and site observations is chosen for this development plan of Peppared. The village was defined as a key project area in the Social-Ecological Suburbanism masterplan. After further investigation, the northern part was chosen as a strategic area of development, as described in Plan Octopus. The core and most profound realisation of the plan is formed by Pepparedsplatsen, a new village square with adjacent (public) functions. The square will be the starting point in space and time, from which strategic interventions on various scales reach out into Peppared’s network of streets, greenery and public spaces. The interventions can be understood as “strongly recommended suggestions for the implementation of Plan Octopus’ three main strategies” and they will be further ellaborated as such. In this booklet, the guiding strategies and suggested interventions will be discussed first, to conclude with the core square
“To date, mobility has been dominated by the presence of private vehicles. Strengthening other means of transport has served to produce a more varied panorama and responds to the concern about energy and pollution. In city design, different means of transport are superimposed on the hierarchy of streets, in turn giving priority to integration between streets and urban fabric.” (J. Based on network centrality analysis, the number of streets, pathways and (unused) parking space is narrowed down. The ownership of a private vehicle is recognised as an essential factor in this suburban environment but is strongly disencouraged by limiting car access in dwelling areas and promoting alternative modes of transportation such as public transport and all kinds of electrical vehicles. A local urban center “Vacant urban space in the existing city has been rediscovered as a resource for improving the urban system without taking major modifications to the already existing. In many of these situations, the car had become the protagonist on the urban stage. The rehabilitation strategy […] represents a new way of guiding the future of cities from inside, rather than always thinking of extending the city boundaries.” (J. Busquets) The existing purely residential nature of Peppared is complemented by places for commerce, culture and community. The main developments are centered around the new square that will give the village an identity of its own. However, further development of the built structure and function in time is made possible by the fine-grained plot structure.
253Plan Octopus PLAN OCTOPUS | Strategies
Where the dwellings today turn their back towards the surrounding nature, the existing typologies are inverted. Urban clusters are created whereby the ‘outward facing facades’ are opened up towards surrounding greenery and public spaces, and ‘inward facades’ give acces to large enclosed gardens. Further, the present monotomy of single unit villa’s is broken and new typologies are introduced to answer to a variety of living and housing needs. Redefinition of the street network
Residential predominance
254 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 DISCOVERING THE GREEN | Typology analysis Social-Ecological Suburbanism
Aside from a few industrial buildings in the east, two primary schools and a takeout pizza place, Peppared is a residential settlement. The lack of basic amenities such as a supermarket and pharmacy whithin walking or even cycling distance makes car ownership an almost inevitable part of living in the village.
Combining the analysis of the building typologies with the building heights shows that almost all of the ca. 800 households in Peppared live in single family units with private gardens. This characteristic suburban typology attracts a certain kind of residents (mainly families with children) but doesn’t respond to the different needs m
0 200 400 m 0 200 400
A collection of one-household units
A zoom-in on the focus area in Peppared-Nord shows how houses are clustered around a central common pavilion (indicated grey). The front facades, facing the pavilion, are closed (presumably for privacy reasons) or hidden behind a small front yard. The back facades (or fenced-in backyards) are relatively introverted
Existing typologies inverted Plan
InwardOctopusentrances and fenced-in gardens
Out-facing entrances and enclosed gardens
0 100 200 m 0 100 200 m
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In the proposed strategy, the building entrance is placed on the outer side of the housing clusters. The front facades are now facing public greenery or lowspeed streets (see further). By closing of former streets inside the clusters, the space around the common pavilion is freed up to serve as a shared green space (c) Cohousing negenhoek, Kortrijk
The new addidtions respect the scale of the existing housing clusters, but introduce a (slightly) higher density at some strategic locations.
Social-Ecological
Suburbanism
DISICOVERING Octopus
Additionally, Plan Octopus introduces four new typologies that respond to different living needs and new family constellations.
Public PrivateCommongreenerygreenerygreenery onstruc on phase e is n proposed uildin heioorht - oors - oors round oor entrance & use residen al o e a & co erce recrea on sports & culture par educain on Built Greenery Network - radient by o in speed Motorized taffic low-speed car access local hub, place to stay bicycle & pedestrian focused Legenda Complementing the old with the new
D’ 0 200 m100
The inversion of the existing clusters is induced by closing of the streets inside them from the public and changing the street hierarchy (this will be further elaborated in the next strategy). To allow for the actual change of the houses, the area is subdivided into smaller plots. Each owner has the freedom to adapt his or her property to the new situation at their time. A gradual process of change is thus created.
THE GREEN | Plan
Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022
Private greenery
Common greenery
An elevation of 1 m above the street level provides the backyards of these rowhouses with some privacy. Underneath the gardens are parking lots located, that give direct access to the houses’ groundfloors. The front facades face the greenery of a modest park and private gardens behind. Co-housing is sustainable form of dwelling that recently has been (re) discvered. Basic private living units are organised around a shared courtyard. The groundfloor level is equiped with additional shared facilities such as a workshop, a big living room and kitchen for parties, etc. The villa’s with forest garden can be found where the surrounding forests open up at the east entrance of Peppared. The low density of the built is compensated by the great ecological value of the gardens. The entrance of the village is marked by a more monumental green building volume, that will provide parking space.
257 D D’C’
Elevated garden houses
Flexible flats
Plan Octopus
Public greenery
Introduction of new typologies
Courtyard co-housing Villa’s with forest garden
Not everyone has the time or physical condition to take care of a garden of their own. The flexible flats provide smaller living units in direct relation to a public park. The flats are located close to the village center and have a good public transportation connection. Ideal for the eldery and the young.
Private living unit Common living unit B B’
Given the low population density in Peppared, the big number of roads and pathways that the village counts is redundant. The current situation is not only unsustainable in terms of material use and spatial organization, but also spreads out the daily flows of people. It creates a condition of indifference, in which no Framing the road network Plan Octopus reduces the number of roads in some carefully considered places. A street hierachy is created in which some streets will be more central, while others will remain more calm. This becomes clear in the Angular Integration analysis, where in the new plan an orange ‘center’ (higher in centrality) appears compared
0 200 400 m 0 200 400 m
258 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 REDEFINITION OF THE STREET NETWORK | Centrality analysis Social-Ecological Suburbanism
Peppared’s street-scape
Angular Integration (1 km) analysis of the existing non-motorized road network Angular Integration (1 km) analysis of the suggested non-motorized road network
Ingenious parking solutions
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Flexible flats
Car ownership is - and will still be in the near future - an important aspect of suburban life. The parking spaces provided in plan Octopus are however all designed so that they can be converted to different uses easily (they are provided with daylight, in relation to the houses, etc.) The parkings located near the regional road, to reduce the presence of cars further in the residential neighbourhood.
Additional to the reduction of the number of roads, the moving speed in the remaining streets is limited. Dead-end streets pependicular to the regional road still allow for a low speed car access, the connections in between are completely bicycle and pedestrian focused. Indicated the darkest are ‘places to stay’; local hubs and squares.
Network - gradient by moving speed: Motorized taffic low-speed car access local hub, place to stay bicycle & pedestrian focused Parking
Elevated garden houses Courtyard cohousing Villa’s with forest garden
Introduction of a new street hierarchy Plan Octopus B’
In Plan Octopus, the main entrances to Peppared are marked by a built volume; indoor sports facilities in the east, a green-roof parking volume in the west. As the east entrance shows high values in the centrality analysis, it is further complemented by some other public functions to become the village square, 1. Peppared west-entrance (c) Google Maps 2. Peppared east-entrance (c) Google Maps 2. 1. 0 200 400 m Angular Integration (1 km) analysis of the suggested situation + indication of old & new functions
Driving along the regional connection between Mölndal and Kålered-West, Peppared appears to be no more than a few buildings behind a large parking lot. Wide roads lead directly into the village, no need to slow down. Simultaneously, there is no possibility to slow down neither. There is no place to wait for Marking a (sub)urban moment
260 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 A LOCAL URBAN CENTER | Urban intensity & identity analysis Social-Ecological Suburbanism
Village or roadside parking?
The village square at Peppared’s east entrance is the core and most extensive realisation of Plan Octopus. It will act as a driving force for the further development of the village. The suburban character of the village is respected but complemented with public and commercial functions on the local scale. As the proximity of nature is a great value of Peppared, it is drawn into the village’s center too, inviting for a walk in the forest or a picknick in the park. The natural level difference of 2 meters between the square and the regional road forms a buffer from fast traffic. The connection between the two levels is made by monumental stairs that lead right up to the bus stop and a bicycle and electrical mobility hub to promote these more sustainable
Introduction of a village square A’ B’ Peppardsplatsen
261Plan Octopus
a. primary school (existing) b. public/ commercial groundfloor c. communal culture center d. ‘urban nature’ (bbq, alotments, etc.) e. cafe facing the forest f. retail/ commercial building g. parking building h. bicycle & electrical mobility hub i. public transportation (bus stop) j. indoors sports facility 2. 2. j
1.
MÖLNDAL INDUSTRY ALIETTE DE BRIANÇON A transformation through time of an industrial area which can serve both in the same time a local hub and a regional hub.
Front door of the master plan, the area is one of the tree main strategic points. To the north, the direct connection to the city center of Mölndal through the main road and public transport. To the south, the connection with the suburb areas, mainly residential where people travel to the bigger cities to work like Gothenburg or Mönldal. To the east, a connection over the highway and the railway line to the residential neighbourhood. And to the west to the green corridor and therefore to green natural space. Therefore, this site works like a meeting point for different networks and users. Today, the site is mainly occupied by industries and really few commerce. In the future, as urban sprawl continues to grow, we can imagine that this industrial area will be absorb by Mölndal’s city center and will become an important urban center. Therefore the aim is to bring an urban life for the peo ple working there and to ensure the connection with the sur Industriesroundings.
The study of public spaces in this booklet is based and inspired by Ann Legeby’s lecture, “Urban form matters for social sus tainability”, in which she highlights the importance of the diver sity of public space, how it’s providing opportunities and how
Site MölndaldescriptionIndustry
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The site of the key project is the industrial neighbour hood of Mölndal. Located in the south of the city, this area to day is almost working as an island, separated from the others neighbourhood by major roads to the north and east. To the west and south, it’s bordered by a large green and natural area.
have always been pushed out of the cities, to the edges, because of space requirements and accessibility. The goal here is to allow them to stay in this area while bringing more mixed uses. This can work in the idea that in the future, heavy industries will gradually diminish and be replaced by technological and computer industries : space won’t be a crite ria and the integration to the city will become easier.
After several analysis studied for the Master Plan, tree main observations have been made in this area. First, there is a big difference of scale : as a pedestrian, walking or biking there is not very comfortable and pleasant. Wide streets, huge parking plot, imposing buildings with very closed facade... You rather move in this area by car only and you are not really welcome to stay for a longer time. One strategy to answer this first problem is to break the plots and to densify. The idea is to bring more variety in heights, facades and building typologies in order to create different kind of spaces - public/private, square/park/ boulevard, commercial/cultural... - and therefore to reduce the area to a more human scale.
RÉALISÉÀL'AIDED'UNPRODUITAUTODESKVERSIONÉTUDIANT ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉ RÉALISÉ À L'AIDE D'UN PRODUIT AUTODESK VERSION ÉTUDIANT RÉALISÉL'AIDED'UNPRODUITAUTODESKVERSIONRÉALISÉÉTUDIANTÀL'AIDE D'UN PRODUIT AUTODESK VERSION ÉTUDIANT ÉTUDIANTVERSIONAUTODESKPRODUITD'UNL'AIDEÀRÉALISÉBreak the plot Social ecological
264 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 MÖLNDAL INDUSTRY | Strategies
A second report reveal that there is a big lack of urban life : to day this working area is alive during day only and doesn’t offer other kind of functions for the workers. Thanks to a new nonmotorized network much more developed, we highlight differ ent sequences where there is a higher attraction and where will be the future boulevard and the two urban hubs, local and Last,regional.the area constitutes like a hole in the green : so close to a big green park, it has no green to maintain the connection. Again, thanks to analysis, we can see the high potential of one axe in particular - the future boulevard - to become a green connection. Therefore the aim is to develop green patches that would allow an ecological connection to the bigger natural re serves around the area. These strategies are gathered in a flow diagram that give the main direction of development for the whole area. The idea is to work on one specific area - as we will see just after - and then to be able to apply the same strategies in a different area of Mölndal Industry. The chosen zoomed-in area is the connec suburbanism
265 Legend Main green corridor to connect East Mölndal to the ecological path
Efficient distributive road to access the industriesSecondary pedestrian path to move easily around the whole area Green patches to ensure ecological connections East Mölndal Ecological path
WestPepparedMölndal Mölndal Industry
266 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Legend New Propositonplot to built 0 200 500 m MÖLNDAL INDUSTRY | Timeline
The development of Mölndal Industry will be elaborated through time and will grow around the first change : the green corridor, or the boulevard. This time line shows how this area could be step by step changed and how new urban rules can be set. For the first intervention, the boulevard, the idea is to redefine new plots - by buying, breaking and selling the plot - in order to break the scale as seen in one strategy but also to cre ate the wider street for the boulevard. Here, the main urban rule set is the alignment : each building built on the boulevard must respect the alignment.
Social ecological suburbanism 117 912 sqm GFA
The second intervention would be the regional hub : the meeting point of the green corridor and the main road. After the boulevard, the idea is to bring a more global perspective in the area and to benefit from the big industries and efficient distri bution of flows to create a commercial hub. The last interven tion, the local hub, could be made in different periods. For both of this interventions, the idea is to create smaller plots and by densifying, initiate different kind of “interspace” : private yard for industries, semi-private yard for offices, public square, pub lic park... and play with the scale.
The diagrams illustrate the different changes made, mainly around the green corridor. These changes are possible thanks to demolitions controlled by another rule which accepts only ground floor buildings to be demolished. As mentioned in the master plan, the green patches of the area can take different functions : from the green parking plot to the garden, different kind of greens to offer more diversity. A total of 117 912sqm ground floor area has been added in the area, with a majority for commercial and industrial use, representing 42 639sqm on the ground floor level.
267 Legend Motorized road Regional bus line Local bus Non-motorizedline road 0 200 500 m Diagrams densification green flows land-use Legend Existing building Rebuilt buildings New buildngs Legend Industry Office PublicCommercefunction Legend Artificial green Curated Ecologicalgreengreen Mölndal Industry
268 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 The new development of the area is based on a new network that promotes different kind of streets to enhance soft mobility and to give the pedestrian a central position. Access to different part of the area become therefore easier and more pleasant. 0 MÖLNDAL INDUSTRY | Streets Social ecological suburbanism A — Green Boulevard B — Green path C — Shared road
269 Legend Active Entrancesfacade-car and pedestrians Number of floors
The result of the main development plan shows the facades with high potential of activity, which are mainly located in the hubs and along the boulevard, and related to the new buildings. The entrances show that there is no direct entrances in the building for cars/trucks along the boulevard (another urban rule) in order to give a real urbanity to the boulevard and the facade in particular and to accentuate the pedestrian vision.
0 50 200 m Plan II II III III II II II IV IV IV V V V V V V VI VI VIII III III II III IV III II II II II II II III IV II II III III VII Parking Parking Sport square Garden III III III VI Mölndal Industry
270 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Legend Office ActiveIndustryCommercefacade for commerces Pedestrian main entrances Car PrivatePedestrianSharedroadstreetsspacespace MÖLNDAL INDUSTRY | Regional hub Social ecological suburbanism
The regional hub, meeting point of two major axes of the area, is characterized by big and open public square where the views are wide and distant : already from the road you can see that something is happening. It is also characterized by a spacious a garden where people are invited to stay and rest. The sur rounding buildings are mainly for commercial use : furniture, equipment, tools... big shops that need space and good logistic flow. They are more related to an exceptional use. Therefore, this crossroads is dedicated to bring people there for the day, the afternoon, or even on their way back home af ter a working day, for a planned shopping session. Easily acces sible by public transport or by car with the parking plot, the aim is to give a wider perspective on this industrial area, to create a central point which could gather the neighbouring suburbs.
271 II III II II IV V V V IV V VIVI III III III III IV III II II II II II III IIIV IIVII III V III III 0 50 200 m Mölndal Industry
MÖLNDAL ecological
272 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Legend Office ActivePublicIndustryCommercefunctionfacadefor commerces Active facade for public function Active public space Pedestrian main entrances Car PrivatePedestrianSharedroadstreetsspacespace
suburbanism
The local hub, located in the heart of the industrial area, works in the opposite way to the previous hub. Buildings are closer, creating smaller interspaces which have different uses : a pub lic square surrounded by buildings, a public square directly connected to the boulevard, a public park... The configuration of the plot gives smaller perspectives, the eye discover step by step the surroundings. The park, which houses sports facili ties, works as a prolongation of the forest behind the area and therefore encourage the access to it. The surrounding build ings are mainly used for offices and industries. There is also small commercial ground floors which serve the local life : bak eries, pharmacies, cafés... Shops for a daily use for the people working in the area. Therefore, this small hub is dedicated for workers, to facili tate and improve their daily life. After leaving your car in the central parking plot, you can easily find your way and needs to your work. In a futuristic perspective of the development of Mölndal, the aim is to prepare the area for an important urban ization and densification.
INDUSTRY | Local hub Social
273 0 50 200 m II III III II IV V V V VI VI V III III II III II II II II II II VII Mölndal Industry
274 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATH KAJSA ROSENLUND LINDVALL Enhancing social and ecological territories in neglected suburban moments along a new pedestrian path.
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SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATH
The Social Ecological Path is a pedestrian based connection stretching through settlements and ecology, west of the re gional highway E22, from Mölndal to Kållered. Space syntax analysis distinguishes properties of the Social Ecological path and further directs the capacity of interventions. As a key proj ect, the Social Ecological Path, with dynamic properties oper ates on different scale levels. On a global scale the paths high betweenness promotes a definition of its general characteris tics, on a local scale integration and plot structure promotes individual redefinition of land use. Through the path’s dynamic properties the path combat iden tified challenges defined in the masterplan, locally and glob ally. The path complements and strengthens the existing pe destrian local network, with a high betweenness, to level out Regional Hegemony. As the path permeates through settle ments and ecology the path intensifies visual and theoretical connectivity between divided social and ecological spaces. The path’s orientation in the existing scape creates opportunities to strengthen existing settlements, regulating urban sprawl and highlighting local identities.
| Background
Masterplan Concepts
Regional Hegemony Divided Ecological Green Urban Sprawl Lack of Identity Social ecological path
TheMoving proposed interventions are developed against a general framework and an specific framework. The general framework is accustomed to the global context whilst the specific frame work is adapted to the local context, targeting moments along the path. The general framework provides overbearing direc tion which influences the materialization of the entirety of the path. Global Context Rules are defined related to the global context of the path, in fluenced by the concepts developed in the master plan. These rules promote social and ecological values in active or rest ing space along the path. The rules mainly answer to the high betweenness of the created path and are further to provide a fundamental global unity, which then is to be altered locally.
276 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATH | Framework Social Global Context Local Context PublicHegemonyPedestrianCrossing Ecological Scenery Neighborhood Affinity Ecological Crossing Ecological Height Connectivity Pedestrian AccessibilityNo Site Graving Goods Affinity DominanceEcological ConsiderationContextual Pedestrian AccessibilityEcologicalEcosystemSceneryServicesCommonsStaying Ecological
Local Context As local adaptations are small scale, they are mainly influenced by the local context with consideration of the concepts devel oped in the masterplan. The local context is analyzed based on space syntax analysis and site visits. Interventions are devel oped in relation to a theoretical framework influenced by the social territories of urban form defined by Eva Minoura (Mino ura, 2016) as well as ecological characteristics found in ecosys tem services (Swedish Government Inquires [SGI], 2013) and the sentient nature characteristics defined by Patrik Grahn (Grahn, 2002). The interventions are in addition to the rules supporting the Social Ecological Path further regulated with local urban rules promoting a pedestrian hegemony, ecological dominance and contextual consideration.
SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATH | Moments
Moments The key project targets three moments based on their properties to support the social ecological integration of the path in a global context. Based on space syntax analysis the moments intersect angular betweenness and attraction betweenness to green entrances in different ways, determining local adaptations to the Social Ecological Path as well as interventions supportive of the local context.
Village Commons “Village Commons” is located in Kållered, where the Social Ecological path permeates suburban settlements and crosses a motorized network with high integration.
Angular Betweenness 3 km Attraction Betweenness GE 3 km PK PK Social ecological path
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Social Ecological Patch “Social Ecological Patch” is located in Mölndal Industry, where the Social Ecological Path permeates open vegetated land in between large scale industrial buildings.
Transitional Edge “Transitional Edge” is located in Peppared, where the Social Ecological Path follows the transitional zone between settlements and ecology.
278 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 Village Commons Space Syntax Analysis AngularCurrent/ProposalBetweenness 3 km Aerial ProposalMap Transitional Edge Social Ecological Patch Attraction Betweenness 3 km Green AngularEntrancesIntegration 500 m MOMENTS | Analysis DiffusePath Land Use
Transitional Edge Social Ecological Patch
MOMENTS | Strategy
Problem “TransitionalDescriptionEdge”is situated at the edge of Peppered with a soccer field in the valley and dense ecology on the hills. With sparsely situated dwellings in green the moment embodies the master plan problem “Urban Sprawl”. The goal is therefore to mitigate the risk for urban sprawl by densifying the sparse space, in preservable relation to
Located at the center of western Kållered, with “left over space” adjacent to a highly integrated crossing, the moment embodies the masterplan problem “Lack of Identity”. The goal with “Village Commons” is therefore to define the integrated commons, to custom for pedestrian villagers with social and ecological virtues.
Village Commons Problem Description
TheInterventionsstreetisredeveloped to custom for the Social Ecological Path with highlighting the ecological support to be found in the diverse private gardens. “Left over space” west of the crossing is articulated with social ecological land use in connection to The Social Ecological Path whilst dwellings are modestly added towards the east. With respect to the existing exploitation the densified plots align with the existing levels of exploitation. The added structures are interpretations of the existing single resident dwellings, reiterated to suit new functions. Influenced by the social territories of urban form defined by Eva Minoura, the territoriality of common good is studied (Minoura, 2016). The suburban area is spatially dominated by private good. Through Village Commons, common good is introduced to increase territorial diversity. With consideration of the global and local context common good is articulated with a differentiation between plastic, static, social and ecological functions for a holistic development over time favoring both the Social Ecological Path and the local neighborhood.
Social ecological path
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TheInterventionsspace in direct connection with the Social Ecological Path is informally exploited with vegetation, encapsulating the path with consideration of physical and visual properties supporting comfort in movement. The surrounding area, is fragmented and modestly programmed to support an natural informal development of ecology. Allotment gardens and open fields promote diverse ecology as well as opportunities to invite activities of leasure in the currently labor dominated area. The program is developed with consideration of the four categories of ecosystem services to support thriving ecologies (SGI, 2013). The Eight Nature/Garden Characteristics of Patrik Grahn further influence the configuration of different realms by emphasizing sentient social qualities related to ecology (Grahn, 2002).
TheInterventionsecology.SocialEcological Path is located on the border between recreation and settlements. Influenced by the social and ecological potentials to be found in multimodal street (Stavroulaki & Berghauser Pont, 2020), the street components are redeveloped. Through the redevelopment the path is encapsulated by green which further softly carry the transition of green towards the built. The “left over space” in connection to the existing network is configured with added buildings with potential for green exploitation in connection to the private entrances. The space west of the network is further articulated with recreational functions and water management, aiming to limit exploitation of wild ecology. The plot structure is fragmented to create distinction between territorial goods. The added structures conform with existing typologies, with differentiation in placement and density. The placement is defined with consideration of ecological dominance, to create visual connection towards the surrounding green as well as contextual affinity to support the existing built.
Problem Description Situated between the industrial complexes of Mölndal Industry on an open monocultural vegetated field, “Social Ecological Patch” capture the masterplan problem of “Regional Hegemony”. Meanwhile the spacious scale offers opportunity for reconfigurations. The goal is therefore to reconfigure the space to customize for diversity and the pedestrian scale.
280 VILLAGE COMMONS | Plan II I 0 25 75 m CommonsLegendDensityFSI0.00.20.30.40.50.60.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 GSI Social ProposalPlasticProposalStaticExistingEcologicalExistingCommons“District”CommonsFabricCommons“DistrictCommonsFabricPathAddedExistingPrivateCommercial
Park The park contains exposed management of day water from the hill in the west and welcomes informal ecological developments. This is an enclosed space to take a stroll or hurry to the bus-stop.
Corner The corner provides opportunities for public indoor functions, a pizzeria, hairdresser, post office, dentist or a pub. With ownership of its immediate outdoor space, the indoor commerce can pass through to the outside.
Commons: Spring Scenario Commons: Fall Scenario Commons: Summer Scenario Commons: Winter Scenario Social ecological path
281 VILLAGE COMMONS | Commons
Square The square contains pocket-parklike features of enclosure, a common greenhouse and a pergola. The space can be appropriated by mobile functions, plant-swaps, food trucks, book buses and temporary markets such as Christmas tree sales.
II II II II II II Existing “District” Existing ProposalProposalFabric“DistrictFabric Legend CommercialPrivateExistingAddedPath
Local Residential 7 m
path
9
C. Street C is the thinnest street type. It is short in length and the amount of traffic is the lowest. Parking along the street further limits the speed.
A. Street A is a local street with residential traffic. With fewer movements the street keeps articulation of different modes of transport minimal and informal to provide space for ecology to naturally come closer. Speed is regulated at crossings.
D. Street D is a global street between the added residential dwellings. As Street B traffic is directed in one direction, lending pedestrian walkways equal space. Local Transition m C. B. m m ecological
D. Global Residential 11
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Social
A.
TRANSITIONAL EDGE | Streets
Global Transition 14
B. Street B is a global street with public transport. In the masterplan this street transformed to head in only one direction to favor pedestrian movements. The different modes of transport are separated and the transition between ecology and built artificially softened.
SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATCH | Plan 0 80 200 m A. Wild Park B. Day Water Management C. Allotment Gardens D. Path Barrier E. Field F. Highway Barrier G. Enclosed Park
285 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL PATCH | Zones Serene Eight Nature/Park Characteristics By Patrik Grahn pollinators fruitpollinators&vegetables water plants micro organisms wild plants wild plantswildplantsflowers insects flowers rodents compost birds birds Ecosystem Services E.g.SupportingPhotosynthesis & Soil Formation E.g.RegulatingWater & Wind Management E.g.CulturalE.g.ProvisioningFoodProductionRecreation&Spiritual Values RichWild in Species CultureFestiveTheTheSpaceCommonPleasureGarden Social ecological path
286 Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2022 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL URBANISM | References Blucher, D. (2021). Staten Måste Ta Större Ansvar För Bostad sproblemen i Mölndal. Mölndals-Posten. Hyresgästföreningen. (2021). Högt Byggande Minskar Det Stora Glappet. hurvibor.se Marcus, L. (2022) Social-Ecological Urbanism. Methods and Meanings. 07 February 2022, Chalmers. Lecture. Marcus, L (2018). Overcoming the Subject-Object Dichotomy in Urban Modeling: Axial Maps as Geometric Representations of Affordances in the Built Environment. Front. Psychol Minoura, E. (2016). Uncommon Ground: Urban Form and So cial Territory. KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm. Mölndal. (2021). Områdesarbete flyttar från Kållered till Ball Mölndal.torp. (2021). Statistik. www.mölndal.se Romice et al. (2020). Masterplanning For Change; Designing The Resilient City. RIBA Publishing SCB. (2015). Kommunsiffror. Statistiska Centralbyrån SCB. (2021). Kommuner i Siffror. www.kommunsiffror.scb.se Science for Environment Policy. (2015). Ecosystem Services and the Environment. In-depth Report 11 produced for the European Commission, DG Environment by the Science Com munication Unit, UWE, Bristo Stavroulaki, I & Berghauser Pont, M. (2020). A Systematic Re view of Multifunctional Streets. Chalmers University of Tech nology. https://research.chalmers.se/publication/520627/ file/520627_Fulltext.pdf Stigsdotter, U. & Grahn, P. (2002). What Makes a Garden a Healing Garden? Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture Vol 13. Swedish Government Inquiries. (2013). Making the value of ecosystem services visible. Summary of SOU 2013:68. Stockholm. Valeriesammanfattning-av-sou-201368ba53cd9f18b74f348eb0ff31e8280d60/engelsk-version-https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/Gladwell(2013)Thegreatoutdoors:howagreenexer cise environment can benefit all. Extrem Physiol Med.
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