Madison Park Times 08-01-20

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Seattle’s Past Steeped With Racism

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Discriminatory practices helped neighborhood demographics Health, Fitness And Longevity Page 2

Seattle Gardening Page 4

Photo by Garrett Morrow

By Jessica Keller Madison Park Times editor

S

eattle resident, longtime activist and former King County Councilman Larry Gossett is familiar with racial covenants, although at the time, nobody in his family was familiar with the term.

All he knew was when his father, Nelmon Gossett, saved up enough money from working as a mailman to purchase a home in 1956, he logically looked in West Seattle, where he worked. The first realtor Gossett’s father spoke to said showing him a house in that neighborhood would not be an option, and she would be “run out” if she helped him.

Gossett said his father then went to a second realtor and told him what he wanted, and the realtor said he could help. When they crossed the West Seattle bridge and drove into the city to the central district, Gossett’s father soon realized buying a house in West Seattle wasn’t going to happen.

“My daddy didn’t know about the word covenant,” Gossett said.

At the time Gossett’s father bought a house in the central district, Seattle was one of the most segregated cities in the country, with 88 percent of Black Americans living in the central district, Gossett said. At the time, Seattle’s neighborhoods

were still impacted by racially restricted covenants, which According to the University of Washington’s Seattle Civil Rights & Labor His-

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 Racism, Page 3

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August 2020

Using data for health, fitness and longevity

Dr. Dan Michael NW Sports

B

ack in March, when it became obvious that we wouldn’t be going back to the gym any time soon, I knew that my health and fitness would likely suffer from decreased activity unless I took some kind of action against the disruption.

At that point, I looked for access to data that could help track my level of activity, which included how long, how frequent and how difficult each activity was.

Being an owner of a smartphone, a smartwatch and a heart-rate monitoring chest strap, there were plenty of options, but how does one use this data?

What 17,000 women in their 70s can teach us about health and longevity While the scientists continue the debate on exactly how many steps one needs each day, we can all agree that, as humans, our bodies need movement for health and that each of us needs an achiev-

able plan that we can execute each week on a consistent basis.

Whether that achievable plan be a couch to 5-kilomenter program, a daily walking routine or a high-intensity interval training plan, the plan needs to work for you and, most importantly, needs to be repeatable because when it comes to health and activity, doing anything is far superior to doing nothing at all. For example, see this study published by the Journal of the American Medical Association, funded by the National Institutes of Health, that investigated how 17,000 women averaging 72 years of age survived relative to their peers based on the number of steps they took each day. Surprisingly, the study found the women who averaged 4,400 steps per day, roughly 1.5 to 2 miles, were 40 percent less likely to die in the four-year follow up period.

What the world’s most successful cross-country skier can teach us about health and fitness Guro S. Solli, perhaps the most successful female Norwegian cross-country skier in the world, was researched to investigate what kind of training was contributing to her success, and the answer was counterintuitive to what one might imagine from such a successful elite athlete.

As Americans, we often think of

sport training with a “no pain, no gain” mentality, in which only the strong survive, and if you aren’t pushing yourself, you aren’t getting ahead of your competition.

This kind of mentality is not only wrong, it can be seriously harmful to your health if you pursue it regularly. When Solli’s data was analyzed over five years of training, researchers were surprised to find that more than 90 percent of her training was done in a “low-intensity training zone,” meaning that, on a rating of perceived exertion from 6 to 20, Solli actually performed more than 90 percent of her training at an RPE of 11/20. This level of exertion would allow someone to carry on a conversation and is considered to be “fairly light,” which is just two points above “very light” and two points below “somewhat hard.” While she did engage in many hours of training per week, as would any endurance athlete, her effort levels were in the low intensity zone for almost all of her training.

What these two examples mean for average people, like you and me, and what to do next There are three main guiding principles one can derive from these two examples, which tell two similar stories but from opposite ends of the performance spectrum. These guiding prin-

ciples can help determine what next steps we can all take for our longevity, health and fitness.

The first guiding principle is that if you want to use exercise to improve your health and improve your longevity, first quantify and measure your activity level now.

One cannot manage what they cannot measure, and exercise is no exception.

So, start by quantifying your exercise, both in time spent and rating of perceived exertion. One of the easiest ways to do this is to invest in a wearable-activity tracker, preferably one that can check your heart rate. While these devices aren’t highly accurate, when used frequently and over long periods of time, trends are easily spotted even with occasional poor data points.

Secondly, being active doesn’t have to be unpleasant, and, especially where our bodies are challenged most, taking a relaxed approach might be a more sustainable approach in the beginning. Even at a low level, exercise can be tremendously beneficial for your health and longevity, especially as you age. Therefore, go for a long walk or run (if your doctor says it’s OK), and see if you can maintain a rate of perceived exertion at 11/20, which you would say is a “fairly light” level of strain, three to four days per week for a few weeks. You can chart your distance and time, and then evaluate at the end of the three weeks

to see if you made any gains.

Thirdly, even high-performing athletes can achieve their fitness goals at reasonable levels of intensity, and experiencing pain in training isn’t always a signal of a gain in performance. While Solli does have elements of mediumand high-intensity exercise in her training program, it doesn’t exceed 10 percent of the time spent on average. That would mean, for someone who exercises one hour per day, five days per week, at a total of 300 hours, all mediumand high-intensity work is limited to about 30 minutes per week.

So then, if you have access to a heart rate chest strap or, even better, exercise physiology lab testing equipment, calculate your VO2 Max (most higher-end fitness watches will perform this function). Then dial your training intensity back, similar to what Solli would do, but exercise for slightly longer than usual, say 10 to 15 percent longer. Once you’ve done this for several weeks, retest and see if you’ve lost any of your fitness. If you want to take it one step further, log how your body and mind feel each day after training before the test, and then compare it with how you feel during your new lower-intensity training regime.

— Dr. Dan Michael is a chiropractic physician at NW Sports Rehab in Madison Park

Seattle schools change plans for fall S

eattle schools will likely begin the 2020-21 school year with students engaging in remote classes, as opposed to a hybrid model originally discussed.

July 22, Seattle Public Schools Superintendent Denise Juneau announced she will recommend the school district begin the 2020-21 school year with remote classes and to continue the remote learning model until the risk of COVID-19 transmission decreases significantly, according to a press release. Only after that, will in-person instruction resume.

The SPS Board of Directors will vote

on the Juneau’s recommendation and an associated plan for fall during its regular board meeting, Aug. 12.

Initially, the school district had considered a hybrid plan that included in-person/ in-school learning and remote learning.

“Every recommendation regarding this fall has been made by taking into consideration the latest data and science,” Juneau said. “The current trajectory of infection in King County and the most recent data and information from public health makes it clear that resuming school in-person this fall is impossible.”

According to the press release, countries

that have managed to successfully reopen schools are those countries with declining infection rates. In King County, rates of transmission are rising, however.

Both the Seattle Education Association and the Principals Association of Seattle Schools have endorsed the recommendation for fall classes.

According to the district’s release, since the closure of SPS school buildings last spring, new research has become available, including additional updated health guidelines from national and state agencies, as well as additional data and information on school safety experiences from around

the world.

“Given the increasing transmission rates, SEA fully supports opening schools this fall with remote learning only,” SEA President Jennifer Matter said in the press release. “Returning in a remote learning model means our students, staff and community can stay safe.”

According to the press release, other elements of the recommendation include: • Training for all educators to ensure live, high-quality remote instruction for students;

 Fall, Page 4

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 Racism, from Page 1

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tory Project, racially restricted covenants written into deeds were a common practice beginning in the early 20th century as a way to prevent certain minorities, predominantly Black and Asian residents, from moving into certain neighborhoods.

According to Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project research, racially restricted covenants were common in Magnolia, Queen Anne and Madison Park.

The covenant language for the Madison Park addition to the city of Seattle states the land in question, “shall never be used, occupied by or sold, conveyed, leased, rented or given to Negroes, or any person or persons of the Negro blood.”

In Magnolia, the racial covenant for the Magnolia Manor deed established in 1927, and another for Magnolia View states “No person or persons of Asiatic, African or Negro blood, lineage, or extraction shall be permitted to occupy a portion of said property, or any building thereon; except domestic servants may actually and in good faith be employed by white occupants of such premises.”

Many examples for covenants in deeds in Queen Anne use the same language. The deeds for the Comstock Supplemental Addition, the Northern Addition and G. Kinnear’s Supplemental Addition, state, however, “That the said property herein described shall not be sold, conveyed, leased or given to any person or persons other than of the Caucasian race, nor shall any person or persons other than of the Caucasian race be permitted to occupy or use the property excepting only employees in the domestic service on the premises of persons qualified hereunder as occupants or users and residing on the premises.”

By the time Congress passed the Housing Rights Act in 1968 forbidding the practice of discrimination based on race or ethnicity during the sale or rental of housing, Queen Anne, Magnolia and Madison Park were established as white neighborhoods, while the central district was where the majority of Black residents lived, something that has not changed much in the decades since, according to the University of Washington study.

Redlining Even after racially restrictive covenants were outlawed, other practices emerged to take their place and maintain the status quo, such as redlining.

Around the same time the Housing Rights Act was enacted, Seattle also passed an ordinance “defining and prohibiting unfair housing practices in the sale and offering for sale and in the rental

and offering for rent and in the financing of housing accommodations ...”

Enforcing that ordinance was more difficult, however. According to the Seattle Municipal Archives, in 1975, Central Seattle Community Council Federation published a report discussing the practice of redlining, which was defined as “the practice by banks and other lending institutions of refusing home loans or requiring higher interest rates and larger down payments to otherwise credit worthy people because they

Larry Gossett

"Ain’t nothing going to change if people don’t know that for certain parts of the population, it’s never been equitable, it’s never been fair.” happen to live in a certain area.”

Again, Seattle’s central district was targeted.

According to Seattle Municipal Archives article on redlining, banks wouldn’t lend money on properties that “fell below a certain price” in the central area and Rainier Valley. The only option left to homebuyers was to seek out a loan from a mortgage company, which “charged more and foreclosed up to eight times more often on FHA loans than banks or savings and loan institutions.”

While city leaders tried to address the issue, redlining and predatory lending didn’t stop.

Chris Jeffries, who has lived in Seattle for almost 60 years and met Larry Gossett when Gossett recruited him to join a Black student union at his school and protested against unfair bank practices with Gossett in 1975, said his parents were victims of predatory lending. He said his dad bought a house in the central district but was charged a higher interest rate than somebody else who qualified for the same loan.

That was 1994.

Gentrification Jeffries said the biggest problem in Seattle now is gentrification, where Black residents, who already get paid less, are getting priced out of their neighborhoods because of big companies moving in and existing houses are getting replaced with newer homes. Jef-

3

fries said Black residents living on a pension or who come from a single-income home, they can’t afford the increase in property values and inflation and are moving outside the city.

“There is absolutely no more black community because of the displacement,” Jeffries said.

Jeffries also doesn’t think that can ever change.

“That boat has sailed,” he said.

“You just can’t improve the housing opportunities and not do anything about the employment opportunities because, you know, they go hand in hand.”

Gossett agrees that gentrification is a problem for Black residents now, but the city’s past discriminatory practices have led to this situation.

“Progressive activists would tell you it’s the systemic and very successful ways Blacks were isolated and segregated and charged more for housing,” Gossett said.

He said, while some Black advocacy groups in the city are trying to regain some footholds in Seattle by reestablishing enclaves on certain blocks, like 24th and Union, because of the economic differential, doing so is cost prohibitive.

“The cost makes it really, really difficult,” he said. “We really have to work on the economic situation for Black and other minority populations.”

Gossett remains hopeful, however, that things will improve, especially with the awareness and attention raised by the killing of George Floyd. He said Floyd’s death inadvertently highlighted to people the racial inequality in this country, which is now shedding light on other areas, such as economic disparity between the different groups.

“Yes, I think there’s interconnectivity,” Gossett said, adding institutional racism is still at the root. “But I’m hopeful we’ll be able to do better.”

Gossett said, while conversations about the city’s racial history are important, even more so are the demonstrations taking place.

“Ain’t nothing going to change if people don’t know that for certain parts of the population, it’s never been equitable, it’s never been fair,” Gossett said.

He said there needs to be consistent and wide-spread conversation through story telling and music to reenforce the message that racial oppression and discrimination need to end.

The place for it to start is at the local level.

“The struggles make a difference,” Gossett said. “All these movements help to bring about change.”

To learn more about Seattle’s history with racial segregation, visit https://depts.washington. edu/civilr/.

Please Recycle This Paper

4

August 2020

 Fall, from Page 2 • Developing a predictable and consistent teaching/learning schedule on common platforms, using up-to-date resources; • Ensuring students receiving specialized services are provided instruction that alligns with their Individualized Education Programs and 504 plans; • Racial-equity training for all educators “focused on student belonging, family partnerships and interrupting implicit racial bias”; • Working with different community partners in Seattle to develop solutions for continued

childcare and learning at home, and continuing to provide childcare in SPS buildings for essential staff, in partnership with the city; • Providing meal distribution throughout the city for any students and families with need; • Adapting as the environment and data regarding COVID-19 continues to shift and change.

“We are committed to doing whatever it takes to ensure every student can achieve their highest potential in any learning environment,” Juneau said in the release.

“Our educators have been working so hard to adapt to these new teaching conditions, and I truly believe our students will be get-

ting the very best in remote and online learning.”

Seattle Public Schools Lead Media Relations Specialist Tim Robinson said in an email Monday, the district has not determined a plan yet for school sports, but the athletic department is working with WIAA to develop one.

He said SPS has not finalized many of its decisions, and staff are continuing to strategize about the coming year. The district will announce more information as soon as possible. For up-to-date information, including frequently asked questions for Fall 2020, go to www.seattleschools.org.

WIAA modifies sports seasons for upcoming school year WIAA modifies sports seasons for upcoming school year The Washington Interscholastic Activities Association Executive Board modified the 2020-21 WIAA sports season calendar in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The changes create four WIAA-sanctioned seasons and will also move moderate- and high-risk team sports, originally scheduled for the fall season, to the WIAA Season 3.

The fall sports of cross country, slowpitch softball, as well as alternative seasons for golf and tennis, have been determined to consist of WIAA Season 1 and will each begin practices the week of Sept. 7. The viability of girls swim and dive taking place in WIAA Season 1 is dependent on more information from the Department of Health.

The remaining fall sports of girls soccer, 1B/2B boys soccer, volleyball and football will now be scheduled to begin in the early spring of 2021 as part of WIAA Season 3.

According to the announcement, participation

in any fall sports will depend on county progression through the phases laid out in Gov. Jay Inslee’s Safe Start plan over the coming weeks, however. The Executive Board will create benchmarks to be met in order for WIAA Season 1 to take place. If the benchmarks are not met, the board will plan to move the remainder of fall sports to WIAA Season 3.

Traditional winter sports will all take place in WIAA Season 2 with the expectation to begin in late December or early January. Traditional spring sports will occupy WIAA Season 4 to end the school year, according to the press release.

WIAA Season 1: Cross country, slowpitch softball, girls swim & dive, golf (alternative season), tennis (alternative season) WIAA Season 2: Basketball, bowling, boys swim & dive, gymnastics, cheerleading, wrestling WIAA Season 3: Volleyball, girls soccer, 1B/2B boys Soccer, football WIAA Season 4: Tennis, fastpitch softball, track & field, baseball, golf, boys soccer, dance/drill

Get Growing:

How to survive Seattle gardening

By Jessica Keller Madison Park Times editor Seattle is in many ways a gardener’s paradise. Alaskans and Mainers might envy us our consistently mild conditions. Chicagoans’ minds might be blown to see a palm tree in a Seattle front yard — where does that palm think it is? Maui? But there are pitfalls and terrors awaiting the unprepared, so here is my take on a Seattle gardener’s survival guide.

To be clear, when I say “survive,” I’m talking about keeping the gardener pretty sane and most plants alive and thriving. Some plants will perish in any gardening venture: It’s an unfortunate fact that gardeners kill plants. Let’s try to do less of that.

So, if you’re in a hurry, the short answer of how to survive gardening anywhere is match your plants to your site and your lifestyle. The Seattle gardening landscape, however, has some

unique wrinkles to it that can trip you if you’re not looking. Here are a few things to know.

In my yard, my east-facing fence border is dappled shade, with high trees overhead and with loamy cake-like soil that retains water over the winter. The plants there are the ones you think of as central casting Pacific Northwest shade lovers — Japanese maple, rhododendron, hosta, hydrangea and ferns. Creeping jenny (lysimachia nummularia ‘aurea’ ) and perennial geraniums weave a weed-suppressing, moistureretaining carpet. My autumn ferns are almost 4 feet tall, and the hosta leaves are a foot and a half wide, but I can’t take credit for this. Other than some slug bait for the hosta, or watering to establish a new plant, I barely touch that bed. Having everything they need, the plants take care of themselves.

That’s the magic of the saying “Right plant, right place.” That’s

the dream.

But gardeners often have another dream — the seductive hubris of growing outside the lines. It’s so tempting to be in such a warm, California-adjacent hardiness zone — plants from New Zealand and South Africa can thrive here! You say, “why can’t I have that cool red-leafed banana?” (Because, that’s why. You can try a green one.) Or you say, “Hey, there’s an open spot! I bet you’ll find a way to grow there!” and plant it with one eye closed.

Like an animal rescuer feeding an orphaned bird with an eyedropper, as a gardener, you are promising to supply the plant’s unique soil, nutrients, temperatures and water needs.

If you adopt a plant that isn’t cold hardy in your USDA zone, it’s called “zone denial.” The novelty is thrilling, but it comes with Seattle, Page 7

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August 2020

The NHL’s announced last week its 32nd franchise will be called Seattle Kraken.

CEO Tod Leiweke revealed Thursday the name, logo and colors in the bowl of Climate Pledge Arena, where the Kraken will play beginning with the 2021-22 season, according to a press release.

The team, led by majority owner David Bonderman, spent 18 months engaged in extensive research and considered more than 215,000 fan votes and 1,200 names.

“We know that the past few months have posed an unprecedented change in all our lives with many interesting moments,” Bonderman said in the press release.

“Through it all, we have been on a long journey to name our team and design the logo with input from our fans, our leadership team and partners. We already have strong ties to hockey with Ron Francis, our general manager, Tod Leiweke, our CEO, and the backgrounds of many of our senior team and ownership group. We have listened to our community and our fans to create a brand that is the image of who we want to be as an organization.”

According to the press release,

the Kraken is a sea creature with “natural ties to Seattle and the Pacific Northwest through the region’s deep maritime history.”

“The Kraken is a name born of the fans. It was suggested and championed by the fans,” Leiweke said in the press release. “We embarked on one of the most thorough naming processes in sports to make sure we got it right, to find the name that rings true. We wanted the name to connect to the powerful pull of nature here in the Pacific Northwest and resonate with the fervor for hockey in our city and region. And I promise we are going to deliver the most compelling, entertaining and unifying game experience for every fan who enters Climate Pledge Arena.”

According to the press release, the team’s new logo, designed in partnership with Adidas, draws inspiration from Seattle’s first professional hockey team — the Metropolitans — the first American club to win the Stanley Cup in 1917 with an iconic “S” emblazoned on the jersey. The signature “S” includes an ode to the

eye and tentacles of the mighty Kraken. The beveling within the logo design honors the maritime history of the region.

“Adidas and our agency Perch Partners worked creatively and tirelessly to lead the naming and design process,” Leiweke said.

“They understand Pacific Northwest fans, listened to every audience and joined with us to create a phenomenal brand.”

The Seattle Kraken will donate 100 percent of net sale proceeds through Aug. 21 from a bespoke line of merchandise to local nonprofits YouthCare, Community Passageways and the Urban League of Metropolitan Seattle to help end youth homelessness and create pathways and opportunities for BIPOC youth in the region.

Fans can visit www.releasethekrakenstore.com to purchase merchandise.

Fans can engage with the team via the website at www.nhl.com/ kraken and on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn (@SeattleKraken), Twitter (@NHLSeattle_), TikTok (@Kraken), and can join in the conversation using the

For more information go to the Official Seattle Kraken website nhl.com/kraken

#SeaKraken hashtag.

August 2020

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Seattle, from Page 4

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work and risk. When you pick a place that doesn’t give the plant what it needs, it’s called murder. I have the deaths of so many dahlias on my hands, I’m surprised I can sleep at all.

Dahlias dislike cold and melt with too much moisture. I’m too lazy to dig my dahlia tubers after the fall frost to store in the garage, so I eventually learned the only place I can grow dahlias year-round is in my south-facing sandy front yard, which gets impeccable drainage.

Seattle is often called a “Mediterranean” climate, which is sometimes true in summer — but the rest of the year it’s more like England — and many plants besides dahlias resent it.

You find this out quickly (read: more melted plants) siting Mediterranean plants like rosemary and lavender, high-prairie plants like echinacea (coneflower) and anything tagged “droughttolerant” in clay soil or shade.

The No. 1 differentiator to know about Seattle is our rainfall is concentrated from November through March. Summer is as dry as dust.

The second differentiator is our generally climatic blandness, sparing us ice storms and sweltering humid summers alike. Summer is a little too bland and brief for heat misers like roses, who are prone to black spot in cool springs, and sun-hungry edibles like peppers, eggplant and tomatoes.

It’s great, however, for growing multiple crops of lettuce and peas. It means heuchera (coralbells), can be year-round evergreen accents for us. It’s also why die-hards can play with zone denial, with help from gear like mulch, frost fabric, mini greenhouses and, of course, good luck in the frost roulette.

Frost roulette is betting that this won’t be the year your daphne or rosemary or abutilon vanishes due to

weather — usually when atypically warm weather is bookended by cold, leaving vulnerable new growth exposed to frost.

A few tips learned the hard way: Marginally hardy plants and plants that like good drainage need help getting through the winter monsoons. Since Seattle is zone 8a, plants hardy to zones 7-9 should be in well-drained soil, or a pot under an eave protected from winter rain. Mulching with pebbles may help deflect rain too.

For the first two years, new plants will need supplemental water throughout the summer — or any time it’s dry (spritzes don’t count). This could be daily in pots, hot locations or for thirsty plants like hydrangeas.

Spring and fall are the easiest times to establish most new plants because some rain is guaranteed — but spring is best for drought-lovers like echinacea, butterfly weed and succulents — planted in fall they may dissolve in the rains before they have a chance to put out roots.

Indoor and out, matching the plants to your lifestyle is equally important. After all, no garden is truly maintenance free, and if the gardener drops her end, all bets are off. Even in my shade bed, I battle encroaching creeping buttercup (Trollius species) each spring.

Like exercise, the best kind of garden is the one you’ll enjoy (maintaining). If you travel regularly, get xeric (drought-tolerant) plants and/or an irrigation system. Hate the lawn mower? Swap the lawn for paved areas or groundcovers. Like your weekends?

Walk away from the wisteria, who’ll need hard pruning three times a year.

So to strike the balance where both you and your plants are happy, and none of you are working too hard, find plants that match your spot and your life.

Clearing the Smoke

Everything You Need to Know About Sativa Vs Indica Your Neighborly Cannabis Shop® SHOP CANNABIS SAFELY

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Between thousands of strains, thousands of brands, dozens of products, and newly emerging cannabis science regarding “terpenes” and “cannabinoids,” customers have an increasingly hard time deciding which cannabis product is right for them. There’s still a lot of confusion surrounding the terms “sativa” and “indica,” so the goal of this column will be to distinguish the primary differences between these two subspecies.

Part 1: What does “sativa” or “indica” mean?

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ENFORCING 6-FT. PERSONAL SPACE WHILE SHOPPING IN-STORE 2413 E Union St. Seattle 10 AM - 11:45 PM Daily (206) 420-2180 ponderseattle.com This product has intoxicating effects and may be habit forming. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of this drug. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. For use only by adults twenty-one and older. Keep out of the reach of children.

Cannabis, a plant grown worldwide, descends from various regions of the globe. Depending on the environment the cannabis plant evolved in, cannabis expresses specific genetics that classify it as either the sativa variety, or the indica variety. Sativa cannabis strains originate from areas close to the Equator, such as Mexico, Chile, Columbia, etc. Indica strains evolved in primarily harsher, mountainous conditions in Afghanistan, India, Turkey and Morocco. The variations of environmental factors cause the plants to express different qualities, which subtly influence the high.

Part 2: Qualities of the live plant Sativa strains are much, much taller, and typically take longer to flower. A true sativa will sometimes grow taller than 13 feet, and take more than six months to flower. Since sativas are naturally found in warmer climates with less sunlight fluctuation, many of them flower in November or late October. Indica plants are shorter

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and bushier, typically growing to be about 4 feet tall, with wide dark green leaves. Indicas have become more prominent throughout prohibition years because they flower sooner, which makes them easier to grow inside, especially when considering their shorter height.

Part 3: Qualities of the dried bud A true sativa strain will often be so fluffy and airy that light can shine through the bud. Indica strains, on the contrary, will often be extremely dense, and firm. Nug density is one of the major qualities distinguishing an indica strain from a sativa strain.

Sativa strains will sometimes be covered in orange or red hairs, while indica strains might be purple or have purple tints. However, it’s not always possible to determine the subspecies of a cannabis strain just by looking at it, especially with the increasing prevalence of hybrid strains that share qualities from both subspecies.

Rarely, indica strains will have lots of orange pistils, too, or sativa strains might appear dense and purple.

Part 4: Terpenes Terpenes are aromatic compounds shared between cannabis and other notably aromatic plants (e.g., lavender, mint, etc). Common sativa terpenes are pinene, limonene, and ocimene, found in the strains Jack Herer, Lemon Haze, and Strawberry Cough, respectively. Pinene is purported to be an alertness terpene, suppressing memory loss and stimulating thoughtfulness and creativity, qualities often associated with the high of a sativa

strain. Limonene is often used in aromatherapy to improve mood.

Some believe limonene can act as an anti-depressant, contributing to the enlivening and giggly effects associated with sativa strains.

Ocimene is a sweet, herbaceous, and woody terpene shared in basil and parsley, among other herbs, contributing to the sweet and herbal aroma associated with many sativas.

Indica strains often express myrcene, linalool, or humulene, found in the strains OG Kush, Lavender, and GG #1, respectively. Myrcene has gained popularity as a relaxing terpene, and some find it helpful for pain relief and sleep. Linalool is a floral terpene that promotes a feeling of calmness and relaxation, much like lavender essential oil. Humulene is known as a hunger-inducing terpene, and often makes one want to munch out on the couch. Relaxation, hunger, and sleep are popular qualities of indica strains that are characterized by the terpenes found in the plant.

While there are many factors to consider when purposefully selecting a cannabis strain that’s likely to provide a specific effect, the genetic lineage of a strain is one of the most important elements to account for.

Many users are beginning to steer away from fully sativa or indica strains anyway, since hybrid strains, those that are a genetic blend of both sativa and indica, can provide a more balanced effect.

Cody Funderburk

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August 2020

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