THE NEXT GENERATION IS COMING!
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August-September 2023 | VOLUME 16 | ISSUE 4
TECHNOLOGY / TRENDS
P6 | CHARTING THE SKIES OF TOMORROW
Cover: Representing the Future of Air Transport, the ES-30 is a regional electric airplane developed by Heart Aerospace, a Swedish electric airplane maker with a mission to create the world’s greenest, most affordable, and most accessible form of transport.
Cover Design: SP’s Design
Cover Photograph: Heart Aerospace
REGIONAL AVIATION / RCS
P24 | DEVELOPING REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN INDIA
Connecting remote India, one route at a time
AIRLINES / AIR INDIA
P28 | AIR INDIA UNVEILS NEW GLOBAL BRAND IDENTITY AND AIRCRAFT LIVERY
From Electric Flight to Hypersonic Journeys, unveiling the Future Technologies ushering in a New Era of Air Transport
TECHNOLOGY / SUSTAINABILITY
P11 | PARIS AIR SHOW: PUSHING SUSTAINABLE AVIATION BOUNDARIES
The 54th edition of the Air Show brought out breakthroughs in sustainable aviation and advanced eVTOL technologies
TECHNOLOGY / ENGINES
P14 | THE NEXT GENERATION IS COMING!
Aeroengine makers today face a bewildering range of technological options for their next generation products –going all the way from simple upgrades of conventional designs to exotic configurations like the open fan to hybrid-electric installations to hydrogen-burning ones
INDUSTRY / ANALYSIS
P18 | INDIA’S CENTURY: UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF INDIAN AVIATION
Witness the renaissance of India’s aviation industry as it takes flight towards a Century of Prosperity unlocking extraordinary opportunities in India’s aviation sector
P22 | RISE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR
The airline industry has again proved that whenever private enterprise is unleashed in any sector it takes that sector by storm
From recruiting, and upskilling to completely rebuilding the internal systems, everything is being done to directly or indirectly make the experience better for customers
P2 | EDITOR’S NOTE
P3 | NEWS BRIEFS
P32 | FINALLY
Awards 2017 SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION TO BUSINESS AVIATION
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Jayant Baranwal
DEPUTY MANAGING EDITOR
Neetu Dhulia
PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENT
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CONTRIBUTORS
Group Captain Joseph Noronha (Retd)
S.R. Swarup, Vasuki Prasad
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CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR
Jayant Baranwal
PLANNING & BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Executive Vice President: Rohit Goel
GROUP DIRECTOR - SALES & MARKETING
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The focus of this issue is ‘Development’ and it is covered from two aspects – futuristic technologies that will drive Air Transport in the next few decades and developments in the Indian Aviation market that will have a direct bearing on the global aviation industry.
As the demand for air transport increases over the next 20 years, significant enhancements in aviation technologies will be required to meet the increased demand. By mid2030s there will be over 2,00,000 flights per day. Aviation is no more just mobility between continents and cities, but also urban mobility within cities. In the lead article, Anil Chopra gives a bird eye view on the Future of Air Transport. From Electric Flight to Hypersonic Journeys, from autonomous aircraft to eVTOLs, the article unveils the Future Technologies that will usher in a New Era of Air Transport.
The subsequent article by Ayushee Chaudhary details some of these technologies that were on display at the recently held Paris Air Show 2023, pushing the boundaries of Sustainable Aviation. The event turned the spotlight on groundbreaking sustainable aviation initiatives, revealing the industry’s unwavering commitment to slashing carbon emissions and embracing cutting-edge technologies. From the construction of a novel sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) manufacturing facility to pioneering research in hydrogen propulsion systems, these initiatives are propelling the realm of sustainable aviation into a new era.
In the next article on the Future of Air Transport, Joseph Noronha talks about how Aeroengine makers today face a bewildering range of technological options for their next generation products – going all the way from simple upgrades of conventional designs to exotic configurations like the open fan to cutting-edge hybrid-electric installations to hydrogen burning ones. Within the past few years, all Engine manufacturers have launched major projects to increase fuel efficiency, with a strong focus on new technologies.
According to published reports, global passenger and cargo numbers will double by 2036, will mean demand for pilots, engineers, air traffic controllers and other aviation-related jobs. A significant part of this growth will be driven by the Indian Aviation market. Witness the renaissance of India’s aviation industry as it takes flight towards a Century of Prosperity unlocking extraordinary opportunities in India’s aviation sector. India’s geographical advantage further solidifies its potential as a major aviation hub. Sanjay Julka writes about unlocking the potential of Indian Aviation in his holistic analysis of the market. Joseph Noronha talks about the rise in contribution of the private sector in this remarkable transformation of the Indian Aviation industry. Ayushee Chaudhary covers the developing regional connectivity in India where new airlines are connecting remote India, one route at a time and the launch of UDAN 5.2, India’s flagship regional connectivity scheme that will further enhance the last-mile connectivity through small aircraft.
All this and more in this issue of SP’s Airbuz. Welcome aboard and we wish you many happy landings!
Jayant Baranwal Publisher & Editor-in-Chief
Eve Air Mobility announced that its Board of Directors has appointed Johann Bordais, current President and CEO of Embraer Services & Support, as Chief Executive Officer to be effective on September 1, 2023. Johann Bordais has led Embraer’s Services & Support business since its foundation in 2016. During his tenure at Embraer Services & Support, Bordais has transformed Embraer’s aftersales business model with over 2,300 people dedicated to supporting customers and their 5,700 aircraft worldwide.
With the global commercial airplane fleet expected to double by 2042, Boeing forecasts industry-wide demand for 2.3 million new aviation personnel over the next 20 years to support the commercial fleet and meet long-term growth in air travel.The company’s 2023 Pilot and Technician Outlook (PTO) projects that commercial carriers will need significant personnel through 2042 to support the global commercial fleet:
l 6,49,000 pilots
l 6,90,000 maintenance technicians
l 9,38,000 cabin crew members.
The fastest-growing regions for personnel are Africa, Southeast Asia and South Asia, with their regional demand expected to nearly double.
Andre Stein will assume the role of Chief Strategy Officer at Eve, based in the United States. He will be responsible for defining Eve’s strategy, including commercialisation, growth and the development and execution of launch strategies with Eve’s international partners and operators. Stein has over 25 years of experience in the aerospace industry with a focus on sales, product development and market strategy and has nurtured the Urban Air Mobility initiative since its inception.
ModAir Aviation is proud to announce the induction of the third aircraft, a Diamond DA42, a twin-engine, four-seater aircraft that touchdown at Delhi. The import of this aircraft is facilitated under the guidelines of IFSC – GIFT City. This aircraft would be leased to an upcoming FTO preparing to commence operations in Madhya Pradesh. Towards the end of August 2023, the Company would be inducting the fourth aircraft under their kitty, ready for another lease in the Indian Aviation Industry.
ModAir Aviation is poised to take the leading position amongst the Leasing Companies of India through IFSC GIFT City
AIRINDIA AND CFM International have finalised the order for LEAP engines that will power the airline’s new fleet of 210 Airbus A320neo/A321neos and 190 Boeing 737 MAX family aircraft, which was first announced in February 2023. The companies also signed a multi-year services agreement that will cover the airline’s entire fleet of LEAP engines.
“We are delighted to celebrate with CFM a major deal that will play a key role in our future development,” said Campbell Wilson, CEO and Managing Director of Air India. “The introduction on a greater scale of the LEAP engine as well as our services agreement will help us to optimize our operations in
terms of environmental footprint and operational cost, while benefiting our customers.”
“The renewed trust of Air India is a major milestone in CFM history,” said Gaël Méheust, President and CEO of CFM International. “This order strengthens our presence in India and commits us to further support Air India’s development with the best CFM standards in terms of reliability, efficiency and customer support.”
The LEAP engine family has achieved one of the fastest accumulations of flight hours in commercial aviation history, amassing more than 35 million engine flight hours and 15 million flight cycles. •
Gandhinagar, Gujarat. This aircraft category shall be used to impart CPL training to budding aspirants, eventually supporting the Aviation Industry of India.
passengers per hour. In 2014, there were only 56 flight movements per week from Rajkot, which has now more than doubled to 130 flights per week. The New Terminal building and the airside infrastructures are developed in a total land area of 2,534 acres and at a cost of `1,405 crores.
a Capex Plan for more than `98,000 crore including around `25,000 crore by AAI during 2019-24 for development/ upgradation/ modernisation of various brownfield airports and developing Greenfield Airports to meet the growing demands.
India-based domestic commuter airline Spirit Air has signed a Letter of Intent for the purchase of 6 factory new BN2T-4S turboprop Islander aircraft from UK aircraft manufacturer, Britten-Norman. The BN2T4S is the largest variant of the Islander. It achieved type certification with the FAA in late 2022 and has recently achieved validation in New Zealand. The type is also in the process of being validated in India, amongst other countries.
Spirit Air will initially take delivery of 4 fully factory refurbished BN2T-4S Islanders to enable it to advance its entry into service. The regional airline will operate a fleet of BN2T-4S Islander aircraft on scheduled passenger services across India providing vital sub-regional connectivity between remote grass airstrips and municipal sub-regional landing strips with the country’s key primary airports.
IGI Airport, New Delhi has become the first airport in the country to have four runways and becomes the first airport in the country to have an elevated taxiway. Total paved length of the runway is 4.4 km, and can handle wide-body aircraft including A380 & B777. The Dual-way elevated taxiway connects the Northern & Southern airfields and will help reduce taxi distance for aircraft by 7 km and annual CO2 emissions by 55,000 tonnes. Furthermore, four runway operations and the ECT will significantly increase capacity at IGIA – making it capable of handling 1700+ movements. Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, Union Minister for Civil Aviation and Steel inaugurated the new runway and dual-way elevated taxiway.
The upgradation endeavors encompass several enhancements, ranging from the construction of terminal buildings and ATC tower cum technical blocks to the expansion of civil enclave, extension, strengthening, and re-carpeting of runways, as well as the creation of aprons, parking bays, and other associated infrastructure improvements.
The Government of India has also formulated a Greenfield Airports (GFA) Policy for development of Greenfield airports in the country. So far, Government of India has accorded ‘In-Principle’ approval for setting up of 21 new Greenfield Airports. Out of these, 12 Greenfield airports have been operationalised.
There are 63 DGCA authorised Remote Pilot Training Organisation (RPTO) in the country as on July 25, 2023. Since notification of Drone Rules, 2021, 63 RPTOs have been approved by DGCA for providing drone training/skilling across the country. Till date, these training schools have certified more than 5,500 Remote Pilot Certificates (RPCs). As on date, a total of 10,010 drones are registered with a Unique Identification Number (UIN). DGCA has issued 25 type certificates till date for drones manufacturing in India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new International Airport in Rajkot marking a significant step towards bolstering the nation’s aviation infrastructure and enhancing connectivity in the region. The new airport is ten times larger than the existing airport in Rajkot. A new terminal building is also being constructed there, which will have the capacity to serve 1,800
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new integrated terminal building of Veer Savarkar International Airport. The new terminal building of the airport is built at a cost of `710 crore, on a 40,837 square meters area, and is capable of serving 1,200 passengers during peak hours, which is more than three times the current capacity. Inspired by the rich biodiversity of the picturesque islands, the Port Blair Terminal building is an oystershaped structure that reflects the beauty of the sea and the island. The terminal building has been designed in such a way that the terminal is fully lit naturally during the daytime. A Statue of freedom fighter, Veer Savarkar is also erected at the Airport.
Airports Authority of India and other Airport Operators have embarked upon
Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, Minister for Civil Aviation and Steel inaugurated three Flight Training Organisations (FTO) in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh. With the opening of three FTOs in Khajuraho, the total number of FTOs in Madhya Pradesh will be six, three at Khajuraho, one at Indore, one at Sagar, and one at Guna. These six FTOs will enhance the potential of the state to be a major contributor to pilots in the aviation industry.
completed the world’s first test of a MWclass and multi-kilovolt (kV) hybrid electric propulsion system in altitude conditions up to 45,000 feet that simulate single-aisle commercial flight. Leading up to last year’s milestone, GE Aerospace had been maturing hybrid electric propulsion systems through a series of increasingly complex steps, including a 2016 ground test.
Eve Air Mobility and DHL Supply Chain, a global leader in warehousing and distribution, announced the signature of a MoU to conduct a study of key demands and supply chain characteristics for Eve’s electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) operation. The primary goal of the partnership is to explore and understand best practices for supplying operators and service centers with spare parts and inputs, with an emphasis on batteries and the specific requirements concerning transport, storage and disposal of those devices. Other aspects reviewed will include modes of transportation, frequency, and delivery plan, required logistics partners, potential locations for advanced inventories, physical and technological infrastructure requirements and contingency plans.
Embraer’s E-Jets E2 family of commercial jets, the E190-E2 and E195-E2, has received Type Certification from the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM). This significant milestone comes after Malaysia’s SKS Airways announced its selection of 10 E195-E2s at LIMA’23 to drive its growth plans for the region.“CAAM’s certification of the E2 is great news for Embraer and the industry”, said Martyn Holmes, CCO of Embraer Commercial Aviation. “It lays the foundation for the entry into service of the E195-E2 in Malaysia in 2024. The E2 is the ideal family of aircraft to complement larger aircraft and grow regional connectivity within Malaysia and beyond, while delivering ultimate performance in terms of the lowest fuel burn, smallest noise footprint and outstanding passenger comfort.”
on August 19th. The episodes will be published weekly on Embraer’s official YouTube channel (https://youtu.be/p0CRLQYoy2M).
Embraer’s role in the global innovation ecosystem throughout its history is the focus of the first chapter, featuring testimonials from the company’s professionals. The second episode highlights the technologies that can enable a new era of sustainable air mobility.
The third episode focuses on advancements in autonomous systems and their most diverse applications, such as pilot assistants, urban delivery drones, aerial spraying, and the development of the electric takeoff and vertical landing (eVTOL) aircraft from EVE. The fourth video in the series shows how new technologies are already changing manufacturing processes in Industry 4.0.
Science, Technology, and Innovation are in Embraer’s DNA, which has dared to continuously develop and build new products, services, and business models for five decades. In 2022, around 50% of the company’s revenue came from innovations carried out in the last five years.
GE Aerospace joined NASA to unveil the paint scheme for the hybrid electric aircraft it will fly as part of NASA’s Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project. Under EPFD, GE Aerospace is developing a megawatt-class hybrid electric powertrain for ground and flight tests in the middle of this decade. Boeing and its subsidiary Aurora Flight Sciences are partnering with GE Aerospace to support the flight tests using a modified Saab 340B aircraft powered by GE’s CT7 engines.
GE Aerospace has achieved several technical milestones over the last decade for development of a hybrid electric propulsion system. In 2022, GE Aerospace
Embraer launched today the first episode of a web series on innovation that reveals the behind-the-scenes of how the company operates to push the frontiers of knowledge and develop disruptive technologies.
The audiovisual project is part of the company’s 54th anniversary, to be celebrated
Wisk Aero and Archer Aviation leaders in the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) market, along with The Boeing Company announced that they have reached a settlement to resolve the federal and state court litigation between the parties. The parties have now entered into a collaboration that looks forward to the growth and development of the AAM industry. Archer has agreed to make Wisk its exclusive provider of autonomy technology for future variants of Archer’s aircraft. As part of the parties’ collaboration, Boeing is making an investment in Archer that will support the integration of Wisk’s autonomous technology in future variants of Archer’s aircraft. Wisk’s self-flying, eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) air taxi will make it possible for passengers to skip the traffic and get to their destination faster and is a fully-owned Boeing subsidiary. Archer is designing and developing electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft for use in urban air mobility networks. •
MOBILITY HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN the central pillar of all socio-economic development since times immemorial. It facilitates movement of goods and services, jobs, and education etc. Air allows fastest means of transportation. Air travel
From Electric Flight to Hypersonic Journeys, unveiling the Future Technologies ushering in a New Era of Air Transport
is no more a luxury reserved for the wealthy and privileged, but for fast moving masses. It is fast becoming highly accessible and also affordable. With greater urbanisation, there is increased demand for flights, and airports. The air mobility systems are getting stretched. The increased flights also mean greater car-
bon emissions and the cascading impact on climate. The sustainable mobility has to factor in many aspects, and all players must have a clear roadmap and achievable targets. To meet the increased requirements, and also balance the environmental needs air-mobility needs support of technology. The key issues are efficiency, flight safety, security, and making the experience enjoyable for passengers.
Airlines worldwide carry nearly 4.3 billion passengers a year and 60 million tonnes of freight on 40 million commercial flights. Meaning transporting over 10 million passengers and around $18 billion worth of goods. With over 1,00,000 commercial flights around the world each day, it means 450 departures per hour. Air is one of the safest and most reliable modes of transportation. Currently, worldwide, 74 per cent live within 100 km of an airport. The demand for air transport will increase by an average of 4.3 per cent per annum over the next 20 years. By mid-2030s there will be over 2,00,000 flights per day. Aviation is no more just mobility between continents and cities, but also urban mobility within cities. Doubling of passenger and cargo numbers by 2036, will mean demand for pilots, engineers, air traffic controllers and other aviation-related jobs.
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW. Aviation is already known as a driving force of global technology development and innovations. Newer lighter, yet stronger materials, efficient and quieter engines, artificial intelligence (AI) supported autonomous devices and platforms, robotics and block chain, hybrid fuels and electric aircraft are initiatives under active engagement. New technologies are looking at hydrogen fuel, electric flying, eVTOLs, futuristic airships, commercial supersonic jets, autonomously-flying aircraft, and space-travel jets. Passenger comfort, congestion reduction and time saving, and coordination with surface transportation means is also important. Sustainable air mobility will require all this and more. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) is closely following the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Alternative fuels can significantly support of the environmental protection. Big Data could increase safety, efficiency and sustainability. Digital technologies are changing the landscape of airline industry to make travel experiences more personalised, valuable and memorable.
ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES. Aircraft engines need to produce more power while consuming less fuel, produce less noise and reduce emission levels. Adaptive, efficient, variable cycle, versatile engine technology is being pursued by the United States efficient adaptive cycle for next generation aircraft. Initially designed for military engines, some these technologies will be relevant for future airline engines. Currently fighter engines are optimised for high speed and commercial engines for high fuel efficiency. The new engines will be designed to meet both these requirements. Other new technologies related to engines include those to shorten engine development cycle, reduce engine weight, enhance reliability, increase component life and reduce maintenance requirements. Ultra-high bypass turbofans, open rotor engines, use of alternative fuels, relocating engines on the body of the aircraft such that engine noise is deflected upwards are some design considerations. Growth of computer technology and the microelectronics revolution allowed fullauthority electronic digital active controls on aircraft engines. Magnetic bearings suspend the rotating members eliminating friction and lubrication requirements. Real time analysis helps diagnostics, and the ‘Life Cycle Cost’. 3D printing and additive manufacture is creating spares on demand.
SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL (SAF). SAF is a liquid fuel currently used in commercial aviation which reduces CO2 emissions by up to 80 per cent. It can be produced from a number of sources (feedstock) including waste oil and fats, green and
From electric air taxis to autonomous flying technologies, a new era of urban air mobility is taking shape, promising greener and quieter flights, shorter commutes, and enhanced convenience
municipal waste and non-food crops. It can also be produced synthetically via a process that captures carbon directly from the air. It is ‘sustainable’ because the raw feedstock does not compete with food crops or water supplies, or is responsible for forest degradation. It is estimated that SAF could contribute around 65 per cent of the reduction in emissions needed by aviation to reach net-zero in 2050. This will require a massive increase in production in order to meet demand. The largest acceleration is expected in the 2030s as policy support becomes global, SAF becomes competitive with fossil kerosene, and credible offsets become scarcer.
There are still several challenges associated with SAF, such as limited availability and higher costs. All major carriers in the world has launched own SAF initiatives. It can be blended with fossil jet fuel. SAF must be produced in far greater sums to make a meaningful difference in climate change and keep up with global jet fuel demands. SAF is still a fledgling industry, with roughly only 20 million gallons (75 million litres) of production capacity in 2020, which accounts for less than 0.05 per cent of the world’s aviation fuel use.
AUTONOMOUS FLYING TECHNOLOGIES. Accurate three-dimensional position technology, collision avoidance sensors, high speed computing, quick-reaction controls, autopilots have made it possible driverless cars which are mushrooming. There also new developments in autonomous flying technologies. Their introduction as part of the unmanned urban air mobility has already begun.
Autonomous control systems are reaching a point where several air taxis and associated regulatory regimes are being developed. Autonomous flight is coming to civil aviation sooner than anyone thinks, and it may prove to be a surprising boon for flyover country. While public perception problem remains an issue, a Swiss bank UBS report estimated that autonomous planes could save the air transportation industry more than $35 billion per year. For the past few years, Xwing has been running automated test missions, and plans to introduce and operate these vehicles by late 2025. They expect autonomous aircraft to be transporting human passengers by the end of this decade.
ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT. The aircraft powered by electricity reduce the environmental effects of aviation, providing zero emissions and quieter flights. Electricity may be supplied by a variety of methods, the most common being batteries. Most have electric motors driving propellers or turbines. Between 2015 and 2016, Solar Impulse 2 completed a circumnavigation of the Earth using solar power. Electric VTOL aircraft or personal air vehicles are being considered for Urban Air Mobility. Electric commercial airliners could lower operating costs. The NASA Electric Aircraft
Testbed (NEAT) is used to design, develop, assemble and test electric aircraft power systems. The UK budget carrier EasyJet announced it was developing an electric 180-seater for 2027 with Wright Electric. The single aisle, short haul airliner targets 50 per cent lower noise and 10 per cent lower costs. Israel Aerospace Industries plans to develop a short-haul electric airliner, building on its small UAS electric power systems. On May 28, 2020, the MagniX electric-powered nine-passenger Cessna 208B eCaravan flew on electric power, and is working towards commercial operation certification. In September 2022, Swedish electric airplane maker Heart Aerospace unveiled significant design updates to its first electric aircraft. The new airplane design, called the ES-30, is a regional electric airplane with a capacity of 30 passengers and it replaces the company’s earlier 19-seat design, the ES-19. It is driven by electric motors powered by batteries, which allows the airplane to operate with zero emissions and low noise. On March 22, 2021, Toulouse-based Aura Aero announced the development of its ERA (Electric Regional Aircraft), a 19-passenger electric aircraft, planned to be certified in 2026.
AIR TAXIS (EVTOL). An electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is a variety of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft that uses electric power to hover, take off, and land vertically. This has been possible thanks to advances in electric propulsion (motors, batteries, fuel cells, electronic controllers) and the emerging need for new aerial vehicles for urban air mobility that can enable greener and quieter flights. Electric and hybrid propulsion systems have also the potential of lowering the operating costs of aircraft. Manufacturers such as Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Honda, Hyundai, and Toyota, as well as several start-up companies are working on these. Many eVTOL’s concept are for Air Taxi application. Pipistrel, an Uber Elevate partner, is working on a five seats air taxi. Volocopter, proposed its air taxi service on the Volocopter 2X.
HYDROGEN POWERED AIRCRAFT. Hydrogen-powered aircraft use hydrogen fuel that can either be burned in a jet engine or another kind of internal combustion engine, or can be used to power a fuel cell to generate electricity to power an electric pro-
pulsor. It cannot be stored in a traditional wet wing, and hydrogen tanks have to be housed in the fuselage or be supported by the wing. Hydrogen, which can be produced from low-carbon power and can produce zero emissions. Boeing and Airbus plan to launch a first commercial hydrogen-powered aircraft by 2035, and scaling up through 2050, by when they could account for a third of aviation’s energy demand. Gaseous hydrogen may be used for short-haul aircraft, and liquid hydrogen for long-haul aircraft. Hydrogen’s high specific energy means it would need less fuel weight for the same range, ignoring the repercussion of added volume and tank weight. The economics of cost of producing hydrogen have to be worked out.
On January 19, 2023, ZeroAvia flew its Dornier 228 testbed with one turboprop replaced by a prototype hydrogen-electric powertrain in the cabin, consisting of two fuel cells and a lithium-ion battery for peak power. On March 2, 2023, Universal Hydrogen flew a Dash 8 40-passenger testbed with one engine powered by their hydrogen-electric powertrain. The company has received an order from Connect Airways to convert 75 ATR 72-600 with their hydrogen powertrains. In December 2021, the UK Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) presented its FlyZero study of cryogenic liquid hydrogen used in gas turbines for a 279-passenger aircraft design with 9,720 km of range. Pratt & Whitney wants to associate its geared turbofan architecture with its Hydrogen Steam Injected, Inter Cooled Turbine Engine (HySIITE) project, to avoid carbon dioxide emissions, reduce NOx emissions by 80 per cent, and reduce fuel consumption by 35 per cent compared with the current jet-fuel PW1100G, for a service entry by 2035. In February 2022, Airbus announced a demonstration of a liquid hydrogen-fueled turbofan, with CFM International modifying the combustor, fuel system and control system of a GE Passport, mounted on a fuselage pylon on an A380 prototype, for a first flight expected within five years.
To date, the only supersonic airliners in regular service have been Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144. The last passenger flight of the Tu-144 was in June 1978 and it was last flown in 1999 by NASA. Concorde’s last commercial flight was in October 2003. Several companies have each proposed a supersonic business jet, which may bring supersonic transport back again. Drawbacks and design challenges such as excessive noise on take-off, sonic booms, development costs, expensive maintenance, high fuel consumption, extremely high emissions, and increased cost per seat. Despite these challenges, Concorde claimed it operated profitably.
Yet new platforms are under development. Lockheed and Boeing are working on supersonic and hypersonic flight along with
NASA. Boom Technology has been developing a 40-passenger supersonic jet capable of flying Mach 1.7. That will be quieter and 30 per cent more efficient than the Concorde and will be able to fly Los Angeles to Sydney in 6 hours. It is planned to go into service in 2029. FAA and ICAO are working on lifting bans in the early 2020s. The Lockheed Martin X-59 QueSST X-plane is supporting technology development. According to published reports, the market for supersonic airliners costing $200 million could be 1,300 over a 10-year period, worth $260 billion. Russians are also working on Supersonic Business and commercial jets. The Spike S-512 is a self-funded twinjet design aiming to cruise at Mach 1.6 over water for 11,500 km, with 22 passengers in a windowless cabin. NASA plans to fly the Lockheed Martin X-59 Quiet Supersonic Transport (QueSST) low-boom flight demonstrator for ICAO standards in 2025. Exosonic Inc was awarded a contract to develop a supersonic jet which could be used as Air Force One. Virgin Galactic with Rolls-Royce unveiled the concept of a Mach 3 capable twinjet delta wing aircraft that can carry up to 19 passengers. The supersonic Tupolev Tu-444 or Gulfstream X-54 have also been proposed. The German SpaceLiner is a suborbital hypersonic winged passenger spaceplane project under preliminary development. Boeing unveiled in 2018 a Mach 6 passenger airliner that could cross the Atlantic in 2 hours or the Pacific in 3 at 1,00,000 ft altitude. A reusable demonstrator could be flown as early as 2023 or 2024 for a potential entry into service from the late 2030s.
SPACE TRAVEL. The trio of billionaire-led rocket companies, Bezos’ Blue Origin, Branson’s Virgin Galactic, where tickets for a suborbital spaceflight start at $4,50,000; and Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which in September launched an all-civilian spaceflight, with no trained astronauts on board. Inaugural Virgin Galactic flight in 2021 reached about 53 miles, while Blue Origin flies above the 62-mile mark. SpaceX rockets go up to 120 miles above Earth. In fact, we’ll see the launch of affordable space tourism industry within just a few years. Virgin Galactic had announced the launch of its commercial passenger service, which is now delayed to late
2023. Voyages are scheduled to begin departing from Florida in 2024, at a cost of $1,25,000 per person.
WAY AHEAD. Advancements in technology are impacting every aspect of aviation industry, from aircraft design to aircraft operations. From passenger handling to passenger comfort. From operational efficiency to flight safety and security. From saving passenger time to airlines costs. Some technologies will take time. SAF production has to go up considerably. Supersonic and hypersonic airliners are still some distance away. Space travel must become cheaper. Expectations for an electric aviation future continue to rise, but the level of technology readiness, including certification, still requires significant work. While hydrogen flying is considered by many to be the holy grail of cleaner aviation. But the energy source is still in its nascent days. It could take at least another quarter century until hydrogen becomes a market-ready technology for commercial aviation. It can be seen that many major new air travel technologies have to reach the level of market maturity. SP
The age of space tourism offers tantalising glimpses of suborbital adventures, opening the doors to a new frontier in human exploration and leisure(Top) The Spike S-512 is a twinjet design aiming to cruise at Mach 1.6 in a windowless cabin; (Above) NASA plans to fly the X-59 Quiet Supersonic Transport low-boom flight demonstrator in 2025.
THE MUCH-AWAITED 54TH EDITION of the International Paris Air Show made a triumphant return after a four-year hiatus caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The event turned the spotlight on groundbreaking sustainable aviation initiatives, revealing the industry’s unwavering commitment to slashing carbon emissions and embracing cutting-edge technologies. From the construction of a novel sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) manufacturing facility to pioneering research in hydrogen propulsion systems, these initiatives are propelling the realm of sustainable aviation into a new era. Some of the major highlights in this direction included:
The 54th edition of the Air Show brought out breakthroughs in sustainable aviation and advanced eVTOL technologies
The 2023 Paris Air Show witnessed the ascendancy of the eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) pioneers, underscoring their dominance in the aviation domain. The Volocopter 2X model gracefully initiated the aerial display, heralding a paradigm shift in mobility.
NEW SAF PRODUCTION FACILITY SET TO RISE IN WASHINGTON. In a significant stride towards eco-friendly aviation, California-based clean energy startup Twelve Corporation unveiled plans for a groundbreaking SAF production facility in Moses Lake, Washington. The facility, in adherence with Washington
State’s green power regulations, is poised to craft its unique “E-Jet” fuel utilising carbon dioxide and renewable energy sources.
AEROLEASE ELEVATES ELECTRIC AVIATION. Aerolease’s partnership with Eviation Aircraft for the acquisition of up to 50 all-electric Alice aircraft underlines their commitment to advancing electric aviation. With a focus on offering the ninepassenger model to operators through innovative finance and leasing terms, Aerolease is pioneering a new chapter in sustainable air travel.
AIRBUS’ HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ENDEAVOR. Airbus shook the aerospace landscape with its HyPower demonstrator programme, introducing the possibility of replacing the auxiliary power unit (APU) in an A330 widebody aircraft with a cutting-edge hydrogen fuel cell system. This innovation aims to produce power while significantly reducing CO2 emissions, nitrogen oxides, and noise levels from traditional APUs, carving a path towards a greener aviation future.
ARCHER’S STRIDE TOWARDS eVTOL MANUFACTURING. Archer’s four-passenger eVTOL, Midnight, garnered attention with its international premiere. Archer’s CEO Adam Goldstein and Carlos Tavares of Stellantis unveiled plans for a production factory in Georgia, aiming to manufacture 1,000 eVTOLs annually. This visionary endeavor is poised to reshape the aviation landscape.
AURA AERO’S REMARKABLE GROWTH. Charter provider Elit’Avia’s expansion of their existing order for Aura Aero’s hybrid-electric regional airliner amplifies Aura’s remarkable growth trajectory. Aura Aero’s pursuit of sustainable aviation solutions, along with Elit’Avia’s strategic move, positions both companies at the forefront of a sustainable aviation revolution.
BOEING’S VISION FOR SAF SUPPLY. Boeing introduced the “SAF Dashboard,” a groundbreaking tool that forecasts the supply of sustainable aviation fuel over the next decade. Designed to monitor and assess the anticipated capacity of SAF, this dashboard consolidates global SAF capacity announcements, facilitating the industry’s quest to achieve the ambitious net-zero emissions target by 2050.
PIONEERING HYBRID-ELECTRIC FLIGHT. The EcoPulse project, a collaborative effort by Daher, Safran, and Airbus, took the spotlight as it debuted at the Paris Air Show. This hybridelectric technology demonstrator, set to integrate a hybrid-electric propulsion system, signifies a pivotal advancement towards sustainable flight. The integration of electric thrusters on the wing promises enhanced efficiency and reduced emissions.
EVE AIR MOBILITY’S GROWING INFLUENCE. Eve Air Mobility, backed by Embraer, achieved new milestones with a flurry of orders for its innovative eVTOL aircraft. Strategic agreements with Voar Aviation, Widerøe Zero, and Nordic Aviation Capital propelled Eve Air Mobility’s presence, emphasising its commitment to shaping the future of urban air mobility.
INNOVATIVE HORIZON WITH HYDROGEN PROPULSION SYSTEMS. In a collaborative venture, GKN Aerospace and Embraer announced a partnership to explore hydrogen
propulsion systems for aircraft. This pioneering endeavor aims to redefine the propulsion landscape and pave the way for a sustainable future in aviation. Embraer’s Energia programme seeks to harness hydrogen’s potential, ushering in a new era of environmentally conscious flight.
JAPANESE INNOVATION WITH SKYDRIVE. Japanese eVTOL aircraft developer SkyDrive unveiled its strategic partnership with Suzuki Motor Corporation, underlining plans to manufacture its air taxi in Japan. This innovative aircraft, equipped with Thales flight controls, accommodates an extra seat, making it a three-seater
designed for short flights. SkyDrive’s pursuit of airworthiness certification aligns with its mission to revolutionise air travel.
LILIUM’S BOLD VISION FOR eVTOL TRAVEL. Lilium, another European aviation pioneer, introduced a cabin mockup of its Lilium Jet, a revolutionary aircraft designed for six passengers covering distances of up to 155 miles. With plans to launch eVTOL flights in Shenzhen, China, and collaborate with Heli-Eastern for aircraft provision, Lilium is redefining the future of air travel. UrbanV has also teamed up with Lilium to create essential ground infrastructure for eVTOL operations in Italy and
Southern France, with potential expansion into other markets. Leveraging key airports, these eVTOLs will operate from helipadsized sites equipped for recharging, enabling regional air services with Lilium’s 155-mile range aircraft.
SAFRAN’S AMBITIOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR VENTURE. Safran Electrical & Power is taking electrification to new heights with its ambitious plan to establish EngineUs electric motor production sites in France and the UK by 2026. This gamechanging initiative is set to churn out 1,000 motors annually, serving the electric and hybrid aviation sectors. The production lines will operate under an automotive-inspired model, amplifying the drive toward cleaner aviation solutions.
SOLAR STRATOS’ ECO-FRIENDLY AVIATION FEAT. Solar Stratos founder Raphael Domjan’s audacious endeavor to create an aircraft powered solely by solar energy brings a groundbreaking twist to green aviation. This pioneering project aims to demonstrate flight to the edge of space without emitting carbon, showcasing the limitless potential of sustainable aviation.
VOLOCOPTER’S AIR MOBILITY ASPIRATIONS & COLLABORATIVE MILESTONES. German aviation leader Volocopter showcased its two-seat air taxi, VoloCity, set to make its grand debut at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Designed to connect Charles de Gaulle Airport and the Media Village at Le Bourget Airport during the games, this innovative vehicle embodies the dawn of a new era in air mobility. Volocopter also made significant strides at the Airshow, forging partnerships that underscore its global reach. A collaboration with ADAC Luftrettung and Groupe ADP solidified the launch of the first eVTOL aircraft services over Paris Region skies during the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Furthermore, Volocopter’s successful flight trials in Saudi Arabia marked a groundbreaking achievement, securing special flight authorisation in the Kingdom.
VOLTAERO UNVEILS CASSIO 330 HYBRID-ELECTRIC PROTOTYPE. VoltAero reveals the Cassio 330 hybridelectric aircraft prototype at the Paris Airshow, marking the debut of their cargo, air taxi, and medevac model. Powered by a Kawasaki Motors four-cylinder 165-kilowatt engine, flight testing begins this year, with a second prototype featuring VoltAero’s hybrid-electric propulsion system set to fly in Q2 2024. Models Cassio 480 and 600 are in the works for future releases.
WISK AERO’S VISION FOR AUTONOMOUS eVTOLS. Wisk Aero’s partnership with Safran to incorporate the SkyNaute inertial navigation system in their autonomous eVTOL air taxi exemplifies their commitment to innovation. With their Generation 6 eVTOL aircraft taking center stage at the Paris Airshow, Wisk Aero envisions a future where compact navigation technology ensures precise flight trajectories, revolutionising urban air mobility.
The 2023 Paris Airshow proved to be a pivotal moment for sustainable aviation. From visionary eVTOL pioneers to revolutionary propulsion systems, the event showcased the industry’s unwavering commitment to a greener, more technologically advanced future. As these groundbreaking initiatives gain momentum, they set the stage for a new era of aviation that prioritises sustainability and innovation. SP
The Sustainable Water-Injecting Turbofan Comprising HybridElectrics (SWITCH) project is focused on developing a novel propulsion concept built from two revolutionary and synergetic technologies: Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) and hybridelectric propulsion.
THE COMMERCIAL AVIATION INDUSTRY today is under growing pressure to go green. Although it accounts for just 2.4 per cent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, its relative share of emissions is projected to at least triple by 2050 as traffic surges and other sectors of the economy successfully decarbonise. The industry is committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, that is, completely eliminating or at least offsetting its emissions by then. This hugely challenging goal is heavily dependent on progress in the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and on the transition to more fuel-efficient passenger aircraft. Although SAF production is projected to increase rapidly it is still very expensive, and at present constitutes just one per cent of worldwide jet fuel use.
Aeroengine makers today face a bewildering range of technological options for their next generation products – going all the way from simple upgrades of conventional designs to exotic configurations like the open fan to hybrid-electric installations to hydrogenburning ones
Most of the world’s passenger planes are built by a handful of manufacturers – notably Airbus and Boeing. And just three manufacturers produce the jet engines that power these airliners – General Electric Aerospace (GE), Pratt & Whitney and RollsRoyce. These three, together with their joint ventures, enjoy close to 100 per cent market share. Within the past few years, all have launched major projects to increase fuel efficiency, with a strong focus on new technologies.
THE CURRENT SCENE. When it comes to fuel efficiency, CFM International, a 50-50 joint venture between two of the world’s leading aerospace companies – GE Aerospace and Safran Aircraft Engines – has been in the forefront of technological advancement for over 40 years. The CFM International LEAP engine, introduced
into commercial service in August 2016, is 15 per cent more fuelefficient than the erstwhile top-of-the-line CFM56-5B and -7B engines. GE enjoys around 55 per cent market share when CFM products (which are built mainly to power narrowbody aircraft) are included. Of this, 16 per cent is attributable to GE alone.
Pratt & Whitney holds 26 per cent market share and focusses mainly on engines for narrowbody aircraft. The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G family, also called the GTF (geared turbofan) engine, was introduced in commercial service in January 2016, and is around 16 per cent more fuel efficient than the previous generation.
Rolls-Royce is in third place, and holds 18 per cent market share. It focuses exclusively on engines for the widebody segment where its Trent XWB engines occupy pride of place.
Acutely conscious of the need for greater fuel efficiency, engine manufacturers are engaged in an unending cycle of upgrades. This decade will inevitably see considerable upgrades of CFM’s LEAP and Pratt & Whitney’s GTF families. Simultaneously, manufacturers are pursuing various advanced technologies and engine architectures such as open fan, hybrid-electric propulsion systems, and compact engine cores.
CFM RISING. The CFM International RISE (Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable Engines) Technology Demonstration Program was launched in June 2021. RISE is developing new technologies that can significantly lower the environmental impact of aviation. Its goals include reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions by more than 20 per cent compared to today’s most efficient engines, as well as ensuring compatibility with alternative energy sources.
RISE will employ advanced materials such as ceramic matrix composites (CMC) in the hot section and resin-transfer-moulded composite fan blades. Another vital element will be a compact engine core. But the defining feature of RISE will be its open rotor
or fan which means the complete absence of the conventional pod around the fan blades. The blades will be of woven carbon composites, and up to 156 inches in diameter, thus sweeping backward a far greater volume of air than present engines. They will bring a huge increase in the bypass ratio, perhaps to over 70:1. RISE will be compatible with 100 per cent SAF. It will be capable of hybrid-electric operation and also permit running on hydrogen.
P&W – PROGRESS OR PERISH. P&W is pursuing a broad-based next-generation GTF technology plan to develop an engine with at least 10 per cent better fuel efficiency than current engines by the end of the decade. With a view to boosting the propulsive efficiency, the fan diameter will be increased beyond the existing 81 inches to enhance the bypass ratio from 12.5:1 today to around 14:1. Lightweight structure technologies will enable the replacement of the current aluminium and titanium fan with a design based on 3D-woven composite materials. The fan-drive system gear ratio will also be enhanced.
Pratt & Whitney believes that the maximum thrust on some of its engines can be increased by up to five per cent by increasing internal temperatures. To ensure that the engine can tolerate these higher temperatures, efficient materials and coatings with
Acutely conscious of the need for greater fuel efficiency, engine manufacturers are engaged in an unending cycle of upgrades
much greater thermal resistance – such as metal super alloys, CMCs, and carbon-based materials – will be used. In addition, intelligent cooling systems will provide just the right amount of cooling air to the blades throughout the flight cycle.
ROLLS-ROYCE ON A ROLL. Rolls-Royce is betting on its UltraFan, designed mainly with SAF in mind. The UltraFan demonstrator which is the largest engine in the world with a fan diameter of 140 inches successfully conducted its first ground test run in May 2023. It was accomplished using 100 per cent SAF. Rolls-Royce claims the new engine is the quietest and most fuelefficient engine ever built, delivering around 10 per cent better fuel efficiency than the world’s current most efficient engine, the Trent XWB. It is expected to enter commercial service around 2030 and will probably be competing against GE’s GE9X engine that is expected to debut on the Boeing 777X in 2025.
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID-ELECTRIC. There is intense activity in the field of battery-driven electric aircraft. However, range is a huge limitation. One litre of lithium-ion battery pack stores 20 times less energy than one litre of jet fuel. Also, unlike jet fuel, the battery weight stays constant throughout the flight. Hybrid-electric aircraft are probably a more practical solution as they can achieve the best of both worlds. In a hybrid-electric configuration, the aircraft uses a combination of energy sources – jet fuel and electricity – either in tandem or alternately. This can optimise the overall energy efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
In 2022, GE teamed up with NASA to test a megawatt-class, multi-kilovolt hybrid-electric propulsion system in simulated high-altitude conditions (up to 45,000 feet) for the first time. The company will continue testing the system as part of NASA’s Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project, with the aim of performing flight tests in the mid-2020s.
Under a European Union-funded project, the Sustainable Water-Injecting Turbofan Comprising Hybrid-Electrics (SWITCH), several agencies have got together to progress two key technologies – hybrid-electric and water-enhanced turbofan. They will use a Pratt & Whitney GTF engine and work towards combining the technologies for short and medium range aircraft. The Water-Injecting Turbofan (WET) uses residual heat from exhaust gasses to vaporize water and inject it into the combustor. As an integrated system of hybrid electric and WET technologies, SWITCH could achieve up to 25 per cent improvement in fuel efficiency, and sharply reduce CO2 emissions compared to today’s best engines. It will also enable an 80 per cent reduction in NOx emissions and significantly reduced contrail generation.
HOPES
Hydrogen is a highpotential aviation power source, with a specific energy-per-unit mass that is three times higher than traditional jet fuel. If generated using renewable energy, hydrogen emits no CO2. However, it occupies four times the storage volume for the same energy output. For this and other reasons, there are formidable design, performance, safety and regulatory challenges to overcome before hydrogen-powered commercial flight can become a reality.
Airbus is maturing two hydrogen-based propulsion technologies in parallel – hydrogen combustion (H2C) and hydrogen fuel cells – under ZEROe, its low-carbon emission aircraft concept. In May 2023, ArianeGroup, a joint venture between Airbus and Safran, successfully completed a proof-of-concept hydrogen ‘conditioning system’ adapted to power an aircraft turbine engine. Since liquid hydrogen must be stored at -253°C, it needs to be ‘conditioned’ to reach an acceptable temperature and pressure for combustion. The project employed equipment actually designed for space applications. Airbus is also actively preparing a future H2C demonstrator with CFM International. The goal is to mature a
flightworthy, fully integrated hydrogen engine and aircraft, using an Airbus A380 as a flying test bed. The ultimate aim is to produce practical hydrogen-powered airliners by 2035.
Another and perhaps simpler method of using hydrogen is through hydrogen fuel cells to create electrical energy. Unlike hydrogen combustion, fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction. They provide continuous electrical power, which battery-supplied electric generators do not. Airbus aims to scale this fuel cell technology to power a 100-passenger aircraft for a range of up to 1,000 NM (1,850 km). However, planes of 100 seats or less account for just seven per cent of global aviation emissions.
ZeroAvia and Universal Hydrogen are also pursuing fuel cell powered aircraft, albeit on a smaller scale. Both these startups use twin-engine turboprops with one standard fuel engine and one combination of hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. Both companies have conducted successful flight tests this year. Hollister California-based ZeroAvia intends to have a fuel cell powered Dornier 228 19-seat plane commercially ready for short-haul flights as early as 2025. It is also developing its ZA2000 powertrain for a 40to 80-seat aircraft for commercial use by 2027. And Los Angelesbased Universal Hydrogen has turned an ATR-72 regional airliner into a 40-seat hydrogen plane, nicknamed “Lightning McClean”. The company claims it is the largest aircraft so far to cruise principally on hydrogen. It expects that deliveries will start in 2025.
However, building a robust hydrogen infrastructure is essential before this renewable power source can be used to a significant degree. While hydrogen fuel cell technology will at best be useful for short haul flights of turboprop aircraft, such aircraft will be an invaluable testing ground for the utilisation of hydrogen in aviation – transportation, storage, refuelling, safety concerns etc. Expertise can then be gradually built up to facilitate a smooth transition to combustion engines that burn liquid hydrogen.
AN ARRAY OF CHOICES. One vital point, sometimes missed, is that for a meaningful switch to hydrogen as fuel it must be green hydrogen – generated when electricity is passed through water. This is the most expensive type and constitutes only a tiny portion of the current global production. If the hydrogen is produced in an environmentally unfriendly way it would defeat the purpose. This applies equally to SAF and electricity as aviation power sources.
For best results airframe and engine manufacturer need to work together. This is proved by the exceptional efficiency of aircraft like the Airbus A350 and the forthcoming Boeing 777X. Another promising technological prospect is the Transonic TrussBraced Wing configuration. It involves an aircraft with extra-long, thin wings stabilised by diagonal struts – a shape that creates less drag and burns less fuel. When combined with other advancements in propulsion systems, materials, and systems architecture, it could result in up to 30 per cent lower fuel consumption and emissions when compared with today’s best-in-class aircraft.
All in all, aeroengine makers today face a bewildering range of technological options for their next generation products –going all the way from simple upgrades of conventional designs to exotic configurations like the open fan to hybrid-electric installations to hydrogen-burning ones. Even if they opt to remain with current configurations they have to grapple with smaller cores, unconventional cycles, new materials and 100 per cent SAF compatibility. This dilemma is especially acute in the case of narrowbody airliners that constitute almost 70 per cent of the world’s commercial aviation fleet and account for nearly half of global aviation emissions. Airbus and Boeing predict that perhaps 30,000+ new airliners of this class will be delivered over the next two decades. How these planes are powered will be crucial not only to these companies’ own fortunes but to global efforts to avert catastrophic climate change. SP
THE INDIAN ECONOMY IS experiencing a remarkable expansion, with a GDP growth rate of 8.7 per cent in FY 2022, placing it among the highest in the world. Bob Sternfels, Global Partner at McKinsey, boldly declared that it is not just India’s decade but India’s century. As the economy flourishes, the aviation industry closely follows suit. The growth prospects for Indian aviation are staggering, and international investors are taking notice. Despite lingering concerns, India has made significant strides in addressing these issues, paving the way for a prosperous future in civil aviation.
INDIAN AVIATION GROWTH: A GLOBAL STANDOUT. The growth potential of Indian aviation is undeniable,
Witness the renaissance of India’s aviation industry as it takes flight towards a Century of Prosperity unlocking extraordinary opportunities in India’s aviation sector
and the numbers speak for themselves. Asian aviation is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1 per cent over the next 20 years, outpacing America’s 2.7 per cent and Europe’s 2.3 per cent. Specifically, Indian aviation is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.3 per cent over the next two decades, surpassing the 4.9 per cent growth rate for the rest of Asia.
India’s geographical advantage further solidifies its potential as a major aviation hub. With 50 per cent of the world’s population residing within a 6-hour flight time and 65 per cent within a 10-hour flight time, India becomes an attractive destination for airlines. Additionally, the country boasts the world’s third-largest domestic civil aviation market, further enhancing its appeal.
There has also been an increase in the number of business aircraft. In 2021 and 2022, approximately 90 registration/deregistration entries were recorded, compared to approximately 40 in 20 and 35 in 2020. The United States has approximately 600 billionaires and more than 10,000 private jets. India has approximately 166 billionaires and around 132 private jets. Every year, about 34 billionaires are added to the list. The number of millionaires will be rising by 63 per cent over the next five years. Thus, there is sufficient and even greater potential for the growth of civil aviation including Business Aviation, in India over the next 20 years and beyond.
EXPANDING INFRASTRUCTURE: LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH. India has recognised the importance of infrastructure development in fostering a thriving aviation industry. Through the UDAN scheme, the number of operational airports has expanded significantly, growing from 74 in 2014 to 140 in 2022, including 31 international air-
ports. This number is set to exceed 200 in the next five years. Furthermore, 21 Greenfield airports have been approved, with 11 already operational and 11 more scheduled for development, backed by substantial investments from the government and the private sector.
EXPLOITING TECHNOLOGY. The government’s commitment to technology and passenger facilitation is evident in the release of the “Digi Yatra” policy, which leverages biometricbased digital processing to enhance the travel experience and security measures at airports.
WORLD CLASS FBOS AND GENERAL AVIATION TERMINALS. Establishment of General Aviation terminals, such as those in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, and Kochi, demonstrates the focus on catering to the growing demand in the Business Aviation sector.
Three years ago, there was only one full-fledged General Aviation Terminal at Mumbai. Delhi had a General Aviation terminal for only the domestic sector. Even there, aeroplanes were parked far away, often on the opposite side of the runway. Not only does Delhi now have a distinct General Aviation terminal for all flights, but it also has specialised hangars and an apron for general aviation and business aviation aircraft. Ahmedabad and Kochi have also opened General Aviation terminals.
THRIVING MRO AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY. India’s potential as an MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) and manufacturing hub is on the rise. With a large
Global players are making a beeline to partner with domestic companies in India’s aviation sector to seize unprecedented opportunities
English-speaking technical workforce and the support of skill development councils, the country is poised for exponential growth in the MRO industry. Two skill development councils, the Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre in Chandigarh and the Aerospace and Aviation Skill Sector Council (AASC), are working around the clock to build joint ventures with domestic and global partners to train vital aviation personnel. With the current order book of India, an exponential rise in the MRO industry is anticipated. Growth in the MRO industry is expected to be highest in the world. Expect many more mergers and acquisitions in the MRO industry.
The government has taken steps to remove tax and regulatory barriers, facilitating the establishment of MRO facilities and attracting investment. The recent reduction in GST (Goods and Services Tax) for MRO services and the removal of customs duty on tools and spares further enhance the sector’s viability.
SUSTAINABILITY: A KEY PRIORITY. India recognises the importance of sustainable aviation and has revised its National Green Policy accordingly. The goal of achieving carbon neutrality for 90 airports by 2024 and sourcing 50 per cent of energy from renewable sources by 2030 reflects India’s determination to reduce its environmental footprint.
To further promote sustainable practices, India aims to reduce the GST on sustainable aviation fuel to five per cent and plans to waive airport fees for flights using sustainable aviation fuel. These initiatives not only contribute to environmental protection but also create a favourable environment for investments in sustainable aviation technologies.
SAFER SKIES. The focus on flight safety and the implementation of the National Aviation Policy have positioned India as one of the world’s best regulators. Recent initiatives like the Krishi UDAN scheme, GIFT City leasing, and fractional ownership strategy showcase the government’s commitment to sustainable growth and attracting further investment.
l Cargo related infrastructure to be built in airports for transporting agricultural produce
l To be implemented at 53 airports, focusing on Northeast and tribal regions
l Full waiver on airport charges at select airports
LEASING
The government of India has taken proactive measures to attract leasing and financing companies to the country. The aviation leasing sector, valued at $290 billion USD, offers significant opportunities for investors. With 80 per cent of Indian airline fleets being leased, the government’s focus on maintaining leasing revenue is evident through initiatives like GIFT City leasing.
To instill confidence in lessors and financiers, the government has introduced several measures. These include a three-month CAP on airport fee payment, a forward mechanism for GST payments, access to low-cost asset management firms, escrow payment of lease rentals, and the provision for New York or English legislation for aircraft leasing in India. The government has also taken steps to address concerns over insolvency by signing most clauses of the Cape Town Convention and ensuring effective repossession processes. In addition, the government is currently focusing on aircraft funding. It is in the process of identifying banks to provide aviation funding. It recognises that the leasing sector will only be successful if more Indian and foreign banks begin to support these GIFT City Companies.
The GIFT City has already registered 16 businesses in its brief history. 26 leases, including some with foreign lessees, have been impacted. There has also been a lot of interest from foreign leasing companies who want to now set up shop in GIFT City. Tax
benefits are only available if the company is registered before March 31, 2024.
TO INDIA’S POTENTIAL. The commitment of foreign investors to the Indian aviation industry is evident, with major OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) establishing their presence in the country.
l GMR: The partnership between GMR and Boeing, aimed at converting a Boeing 737 into a freighter aircraft, is a prime example of the investment opportunities available. Similarly, the collaboration between GMR and Airbus to offer a fouryear AME license degree and the partnership between GMR and Spirit Aero Repair for Nacelle components and radome repairs demonstrates the confidence international players have in India’s aviation sector.
l AIESL: Air India Engineering Services Limited has partnered with Boeing to maintain VIP Boeing 777s and the Indian Navy’s P-8I landing gears.
l Air Works: Air Works has joined forces with Boeing to open an MRO facility for Indian Navy P-8Is for conducting heavy maintenance on these Aircrafts. Further it has been doing heavy maintenance and upgrades on VVIP 737s. It has also tied up with Embraer to maintain its VIP fleet with IAF in India.
l Tata: Tata, a leading conglomerate, has become the world’s
actual manufacturing and the remaining is software and services. GE’s global research centre in Bengaluru plays a vital role in developing engines such as the GE9X, GEnx, and CFM Leap. Safran, a leading aerospace company, will open its largest MRO facility in Hyderabad.
These success stories illustrate the confidence of foreign investors in India’s aviation industry and the vast potential that awaits those who seize the opportunities available.
GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT WITH INVESTORS: SHAPING PERCEPTIONS. To dispel concerns and attract more foreign investment, Indian officials and regulators must actively engage with investors. They should participate in debates, seminars, conferences and Air Shows worldwide to share success stories and showcase the tremendous potential of the Indian aviation industry.
l 78 new routes were approved under the 4th round of Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) - Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN)
l 3 Successful Rounds of bidding were conducted by the Union Ministry of Civil Aviation
l 766 Routes have been sanctioned under the UDAN scheme so far
l 274 UDAN routes have been operationalized by the Ministry of Civil Aviation since its inception, connecting 45 airports and 3 heliports
largest Trent XWB operator and partnered with Rolls-Royce to supply Trent XWB engines and additional RR engine components. Furthermore, Tata Engineering Services will provide assistance to digital engineering and data innovation teams. The list of successful investments continues with Tata’s partnership with Sikorsky to deliver S-92 cabins and their manufacturing facility in Vadodara.
l Mahindra: Mahindra Aerospace is developing aero structures for Airbus.
l Dynamatic Technologies: Dynamatic Technologies has become a component supplier for Airbus and Boeing products.
l Indamer: Indamer and AAR have collaborated to establish a new airframe MRO plant in Nagpur.
l Reliance ADA: Reliance ADA and Dassault have an agreement for the production of Falcon 2000 components.
l HAL: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is playing a crucial role in manufacturing various helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft for both the Indian Defence and foreign countries. HAL is also in talks with Sukhoi about producing Sukhoi aircraft in India and collaborating with other civil aviation manufacturing and design firms to build a 90-seater regional aircraft.
Boeing India currently helps its parent source supplies worth $1 billion per year from India of which 66 per cent is
CONCLUSION: INDIA’S CENTURY UNVEILED. Foreign investors are already making significant investments in India’s aviation industry, positioning themselves to reap the rewards of its growth. With the opening of all sectors of civil aviation to Foreign Direct Investment, the time is ripe now for even the more conservative and safe investors to enter the market. The foundations for growth have been laid, and India’s ascent in the global aviation arena is well underway.
Some of the industries where first movers can still benefit include:
l East and Northeast India have no aviation expansion.
l Aircraft Management Companies, such as NetJets and VistaJet, can have a major presence in the General Aviation sector, further benefitting from the upcoming Fractional Ownership regulation. Last year, many popular aircraft have logged more than 100 hours per month in the domestic charter sector.
l There are hardly any seaplane activities.
l Training companies, both on the ground and in the air, are scarce and investment in this sector would be a low-hanging fruit.
l The MRO industry has the greatest potential in the world. Overhauls of engines and heavy components are basically non-existent.
l Aircraft assembly lines and completion centres have yet to be established.
l Financial and leasing services. The groundwork has been laid for foreign aircraft leasing businesses and banks.
India’s remarkable economic expansion, coupled with the thriving aviation industry, presents unprecedented opportunities. The country’s impressive infrastructure development, commitment to flight safety, sustainability initiatives, and proactive measures to attract leasing and financing companies demonstrate its determination to create a conducive environment for investment.
As India’s century unfolds, the aviation industry stands at the forefront of this transformative journey. With ongoing reforms, robust growth projections, and an unwavering commitment to excellence, India is set to become a global aviation powerhouse. The potential for growth in civil aviation is immense, and those who recognize and embrace this potential will undoubtedly shape the future of aviation in India and beyond. The time to invest in Indian aviation is now, as delaying further may mean missing the bus to extraordinary opportunities. SP
POISED TO EMERGE AS the world’s third-largest aviation market by 2030 or earlier, India’s airline industry has seen a remarkable transformation in recent years. And, unsurprisingly, private enterprise has been the driving force.
For several decades after Independence, aviation was the exclusive domain of state-owned carriers. But following the liberalisation of the economy in the early 1990s, a number of private airlines were started at sporadic intervals. Various challenges including financial turmoil, regulatory issues, and fierce competition among the contenders, especially post 2003, meant that many of these private carriers had an all-too-brief existence. Even the big fish like Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways eventually fell by the wayside. But fast forward to 2023, and it is private enterprise all the way. Even Air India, the airline founded by JRD Tata in 1932 and nationalised in 1953, is back under Tata’s wing after seven decades.
STATE OF PLAY. The Tata Group is now attempting something unique – merging four airlines into two. Vistara will be
The airline industry has again proved that whenever private enterprise is unleashed in any sector it takes that sector by storm
absorbed by Air India as a full-service carrier while AirAsia India and Air India Express will be merged to form a single low-cost carrier (LCC) retaining the Air India Express name. The Group’s combined fleet size stands at 219 currently. Earlier this year, with the aim of rapidly growing its 24.8 per cent domestic market share and 22.96 per cent international market share, it placed what was till then the largest single order in aviation history – a mix of 470 Airbus and Boeing airliners, narrow-body as well as wide-body.
Not to be outdone IndiGo Airlines, the domestic market leader with a commanding 63.2 per cent market share in June 2023, placed a whopping order for 500 Airbus airliners – the largest order in the history of commercial aviation. And it cannily chose the high-profile Paris Air Show to do so. Against a fleet of 317 aircraft, IndiGo now has almost 1,000 jets on order.
The carrier in third place, Akasa Air, is following a meteoric trajectory. Having commenced commercial operations as recently as August 7, 2022, it raced ahead of SpiceJet and grabbed 4.9 per cent market share in June 2023. It will hit the magic figure of 20 aircraft by its first birthday, qualifying it to launch overseas
operations. This is the fastest any airline has grown, both in terms of market share and fleet size, since Indian aviation was opened up to the private sector. Akasa has another 55 jets on order.
Domestic aviation is dominated by the LCCs that now control as much as 80 per cent of the market. That is all to the good. But the airline industry is fast becoming a duopoly with IndiGo and the Air India group cornering nearly 90 per cent of passenger traffic. And that is not good news because, whenever just two entities control the market, consumers rarely get competitive prices. The woes of LCC Go First have also highlighted the plight of small operators who are struggling to compete against the bigger ones. And LCC SpiceJet too is under severe pressure from lessors over unpaid dues.
PRIVATE INDUSTRY TO THE FORE. Be that as it may, commercial aircraft numbers are bound to surge. With government and private airport developers planning to infuse almost `75,000 crore over the next 8-10 years, airport infrastructure also seems likely to keep pace albeit with some lag. Next is the turn of manufacturing. And almost every global aerospace major already has a significant technological presence in India, lured by the availability of inexpensive yet quality talent in aeronautical engineering as well as in software, simulation and electronics.
In 2014, the government introduced several measures under the ‘Make in India’ initiative that signified a determined shift away from a reliance on imports. The aim was to establish India as a force in the aerospace and aviation manufacturing industry. The Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan mission launched in 2020 had aviation and aerospace exports as a focus area. Although the export figures achieved in FY23 was an all-time high, there is still a long way to go to meet the target. And there is no way the target can be achieved without massive participation by private industry.
FROM RTA TO DRONES. The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), has been tasked with the development of the ambitious Regional Transport Aircraft (RTA), a 90-seat turboprop passenger plane. Besides other public sector partners, NAL is also looking for private sector collaborators, domestic as well as foreign. The RTA’s project definition phase started in April 2022 and will conclude by September 2023. And the RTA project could in turn be the launch pad for the development of an indigenous regional jet, a long-cherished dream of the country.
Much smaller in size physically, but of immense potential, is drone manufacturing. Both Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Minister of Civil Aviation Jyotiraditya Scindia have stated on various occasions that India aims to become a global drone hub by 2030. In August 2021, a new set of regulations was released as ‘Drone Rules 2021’. These liberalised rules greatly simplified the tedious official procedures for registration and operation of drones. The “DigitalSky platform” hosted by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) for various activities related to drones now serves as a single-window portal for drone manufacture approvals. Once again, it is private enterprise all the way. Take ideaForge, the Mumbai-based pioneering drone company. With a wide range of products for different applications it had a market share of approximately 50 per cent in FY 2022. Pune-based Bharat Forge is the largest repository of metallurgical knowhow, design and engineering expertise and manufacturing prowess in India. This is expected to help the country build a strong manufacturing ecosystem for high-end drones. According to an estimate by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, India’s drone sector will achieve a turnover of ` 12,00015,000 crore by 2026, up from just ` 80 crore currently. Much of this spectacular growth will probably come from drone startups. For instance, Garuda Aerospace, founded in 2015, already has 750+ clients and over 30 different drones that offer more than 50 services across 84 cities in India. It is all set to partner with Naini Aerospace Engineering Ltd (NAeL), an HAL subsidiary, and develop advanced precision drones.
A FEAT WORTHY OF BEING REPLICATED. All the signs indicate that India’s aviation sector will be transformed in about a decade from now. Apart from the stunning aircraft orders, demand for air travel has moved beyond just the big cities and spilled over into tier 2 and 3 towns. Some analysts believe that IndiGo and Air India may have gone overboard with their orders in pursuit of the same pool of passengers. However, irrespective of the number of aircraft that actually materialise, all those planes will surely provide direct and indirect economic multiplier effects. And to complete the aviation ecosystem picture, this is the best time to enter the high-revenue aviation MRO and aircraft leasing segments. This requires some encouragement and incentives from the government, underpinned by action in the areas of policy and taxation. According to Deloitte, the Indian repair and overhaul industry is expected to grow to $4 billion by 2031, up from $1.7 billion in 2021.
In a recent interview, Minister of Civil Aviation Jyotiraditya Scindia stated, “India will have a fleet size of 1,200-1,400 planes by 2030, up from the current 700. We will have enough airport capacity. I am looking at the number of airports growing from 148 now to close to 230-240 during this period. I am also looking at passenger traffic growing from the current 14.5 crore (145 million) a year to almost 42 crore (420 million) by 2030, which means a three-fold increase. So yes, there is a long journey yet to be covered.”
Just 20 years ago no one could have predicted that India’s private airlines would achieve near-total domination of the skies so rapidly and that the two state-owned carriers would become history. The airline industry has again proved that whenever private enterprise is unleashed in any sector it takes that sector by storm. After all, innovation and quality flow from competitiveness. Now that the stranglehold of the PSUs over aviation manufacturing has been decisively broken, private enterprise will surely deliver far more economically and effectively. SP
THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL connectivity in India has been a significant focus of the government’s efforts to boost economic growth, tourism, and overall accessibility to remote and underserved regions of the country. The Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) – Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN), launched in 2017, has played a pivotal role in revolutionising regional air travel and bringing aviation to the masses.
Since its inception, UDAN has witnessed remarkable progress, connecting numerous unserved and underserved airports across the country. Recent developments under the UDAN scheme have further strengthened regional connectivity in India. The government has continually added more routes and airports to the scheme, expanding air connectivity to even the remotest corners
of the country. As a result, more people now have access to convenient and efficient air travel options, saving time and enhancing overall connectivity. It has contributed significantly to the growth of smaller regional airports, allowing them to play a crucial role in boosting local economies and tourism.
Additionally, the UDAN scheme has promoted the growth of regional hubs, facilitating seamless travel and transit between smaller cities and major aviation hubs. This has boosted regional economies, attracted investments, and enhanced tourism prospects for these areas. Furthermore, the recent advancements in technology and infrastructure have made regional air travel more reliable and safer. The use of advanced regional aircraft and improved airport facilities have significantly enhanced the overall travel experience for passengers.
Following the four successful rounds of bidding, the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) had launched the 5th round of UDAN in April 2023 to further enhance the connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country and achieve last mile connectivity. UDAN 5.0 introduces key features: focus on Category-2 & 3 aircraft, waived stage length cap, capped VGF at 600 km, no predetermined routes, airlines submit action plans, no single airline awarded same route twice, exclusivity withdrawn if PLF exceeds 75 per cent, 25 per cent Performance Guarantee encashed for delays, operations must start within four months of route award.
“This new & stronger version of the scheme will raise the momentum, connecting new routes, and bring us closer to the target of operationalising 1,000 routes & 50 additional airports,
heliports, and water aerodromes in the near future,” said Civil Aviation Minister, Jyotiraditya Scindia.
Prior to this, the fourth round of the regional connectivity scheme, known as UDAN 4.0, awarded 78 routes in August 2020, including around 40 from the Northeast region. The Airports Authority of India listed 50 airports (including heliports) and 268 routes currently in operation under the ambitious scheme. Since the launch of the fourth phase, 766 routes have been sanctioned under the scheme, with 29 served, eight unserved (including two heliports and one water aerodrome), and two underserved airports included in the list of approved routes.
Now recently, the Minister inaugurated Heli Summit 2023 in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh and also launched RCS UDAN 5.2 and HeliSewa-App. The theme of the Summit was “Reaching the Last Mile: Regional Connectivity through Helicopters & Small Aircraft”. Providing a common platform for all industry stakeholders, and policymakers to discuss the growth story of the Indian Helicopter and Small Aircraft industry. Enhancing the scope of the UDAN Scheme in remote and hilly terrains and expanding the country’s rural-to-urban connectivity. Boosting Helicopter & Small Aircraft connectivity to places with existing and potential tourism hotspots by providing uninterrupted services.
UDAN 5.2 has been launched to further enhance the connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country and achieving last-mile connectivity through small aircraft such as 1A (<9 seats) and Category 1(<20 seats).
“The country’s civil aviation sector has been democratised in the last nine years. Along with the number of airports, there has been a vast expansion in the number of aircraft and the market
UDAN 5.2 has been launched to further enhance the connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country and achieving last-mile connectivity through small aircraft such as 1A (<9 seats) and Category 1(<20 seats)
size. And in this expansion big metro airports and large airlines, are as important as small town airports, small airlines and helicopters. Today we have launched UDAN 5.2 for helicopters and under this we have increased the VGF and reduced the fare cap. Along with this, we have also started single window service platform of HeliSewa. Through this, you will be able to get all the approvals from ATC on your mobile. We have also started UDAN 5.2 for small aircraft and awarded 22 routes, which underlines the fact that air travel facility is being made available to citizens living in remote areas,” said Scindia. Some routes under UDAN had discontinued but those discontinued routes are being put up for bidding again.
REGIONAL AIRLINES. The scheme has also encouraged regional airlines and start-ups to participate, fostering healthy competition and driving down airfares. It has led to the emergence of new players in the aviation industry, contributing to job creation and economic development. UDAN is “giving birth to new airlines in a country that over the last 20 years has only seen closing of airlines. With this scheme alone, regional airlines like
Star Air, IndiaOne Air, flybig have been born. New records of aviation will be established,” Scindia had stated earlier.
Star Air, a leading regional airline in India, has significantly enhanced air travel accessibility across multiple states. With the acquisition of 40 new routes under the prestigious “UDAN 5” scheme, Star Air is set for remarkable growth. Introducing 7-8 new stations, the airline aims to strengthen its presence in the regional aviation sector, facilitating seamless connections and reducing travel time for passengers. Notable routes include Nanded to Hindon, Hindon to Adampur, among others, expected to boost trade, tourism, and economic growth in the regions. Moreover, the addition of the 2nd Embraer E175 in March 2023 further contributes to the airline’s expansion efforts.
IndiaOne Air, based in Ahmedabad, is India’s first scheduled airline operating a Single-engine aircraft. With the aim of connecting tier 2 & 3 cities to metropolitan areas, the airline provides safe, efficient, and on-time services. Equipped with brand new aircraft featuring advanced safety measures, including black-box (CVDR) and state-of-the-art navigation systems (Garmin G1000 NXi), IndiaOne Air ensures enhanced reliability and all-weather operational capability. Offering spacious and comfortable seating, their aircraft provide a private jet-like experience with seat pitch surpassing that of most business class seats on other airlines.
flybig, India’s friendly regional airline, aims to change the lack of direct flights to towns and cities. Partnering with UDAN, we offer connectivity to previously inaccessible destinations, with a warm family atmosphere and convenient timings for travel. Our experienced management team opens up new possibilities in aviation. In March 2022, flybig signed a letter of intent with Canadian aircraft manufacturer De Havilland to acquire 10 Twin Otter
UDAN has boosted regional economies, attracted investments, and enhanced tourism prospects for these areas
Series 400 aircraft, two of which will be delivered to Flybig by September 2023. However, the airline now plans to acquire 10 new DHC-6 Twin Otter Classic 300-G aircraft, which will be delivered to flybig starting July 2024,
Spirit Air, a domestic commuter airline in India, was incorporated as a private limited company in 2008. It received the Air Operating Permit (Non-Scheduled) from DGCA in 2009 and operated non-scheduled flights with Cessna Skyhawk and Cessna Grand Caravan 208B until 2015. In 2019, it converted to an LLP company and became a registered MSME in 2021. The airline received the grant of NOC to operate Scheduled Commuter Air Transport Services in October 2022. Spirit Air has arrangements for aircraft purchase/lease, endorsements & training, and maintenance in place, while recruitment of flight crew and personnel is underway. After obtaining the Air Operator Certificate from DGCA, the airline plans to start its scheduled commuter flights. Additionally, Spirit Air has been designated as the buyer for six new BN2T-4S Islander aircraft, the newest version of Britten-Norman’s turboprop, adding to their expanding fleet.
MEHAIR, India’s pioneering seaplane service, offering swift, serene flights over breathtaking landscapes. MEHAIR has signed an agreement with Jekta for the purchase of 10 electrically powered regional amphibious aircraft, with an option for 40 more, making them the first customer to receive such aircraft in Asia. Initial deliveries will begin in 2029, enhancing their services to Maharashtra and Andaman and Nicobar islands. MEHAIR will also start services in Goa and Andaman and Nicobar under the UDAN Scheme in 2023.
There are many other such airlines that are surfacing in the burgeoning regional aviation space in the nation. By linking remote regions to major economic centers, promoting tourism, and stimulating regional growth, the scheme has brought air travel within the reach of millions, transforming India’s aviation landscape and contributing to the country’s economic and social progress.
India’s aviation sector has experienced remarkable growth, encompassing a strong presence of domestic and international airlines, and now, it is witnessing rapid development in regional connectivity. Initiatives like the UDAN scheme have facilitated the connection of previously underserved areas, leading to the emergence of new regional airlines and the expansion of existing carriers. With the focus on promoting tourism, trade, and economic development, India’s aviation industry is expected to continue booming, offering convenient and enchanting travel experiences to passengers while contributing to regional economic growth and development. The future holds promising opportunities, with the increasing accessibility of diverse landscapes and tourist destinations through seaplane services, electric aircraft, and small aircraft operations, making air travel a key driver of India’s socio-economic progress. SP
The scheme has also led to the emergence of new players in the aviation industry, contributing to job creation and economic development
BY AYUSHEE CHAUDHARY
EARLIER THIS MONTH, AIR INDIA, a Tata Groupowned airline, revealed its “bold new look”. Air India called it “a modern new brand identity and new aircraft livery that capture the essence of a bold new India, marking a milestone in its Vihaan.AI transformation of the national institution into a national inspiration.”
The new look reimagines the iconic Indian window shape, historically used by Air India, into a gold window frame that becomes central to the new brand design system - symbolising a ‘Window of Possibilities’. Air India’s new logo symbol - ‘The Vista’ - is inspired by the peak of the gold window frame, sig-
From recruiting, and upskilling to completely rebuilding the internal systems, everything is being done to directly or indirectly make the experience better for customers
nifying limitless possibilities, progressiveness, and the airline’s bold, confident outlook for the future. The new logo replaces the previous “Wheel of Konark”. Air India’s brand-new aircraft livery and design features a palette of deep red, aubergine, and gold highlights, as well as a chakra-inspired pattern. It also boasts a striking new custom-made ‘Air India Sans’ font, marrying confidence with warmth to position Air India as premium, inclusive, and accessible.
“Our new livery and design features a palette of deep red, aubergine, gold highlights and a chakra-inspired pattern. Travellers will begin to see the new logo and design starting December
Our bold wordmark reflects the renewed confidence and stature that Air India brings to the world. It is a hand-crafted asset which reflects world-class standards, while retaining an Indian flavour inspired by the shape of our hero signature window frame shape. The position is large in scale over the front half of the fuselage, purposeful and confident to be clearly legible at distance.
On the inside of the wingtips, the tailfin design is replicated on a smaller scale for added personality and storytelling for passengers to enjoy. On the outside of the wingtip, a simple solid gold is used to convey premium cues and link to the hero gold frame.
The tailfin uses the tip of the window frame as a bold directional statement of progress. It is applied in premium metallic gold, and has shadows to give it depth and lift. The hero gold frame shape is supported by two dynamic supporting window frame shapes in Air India red and purple. The Jaali pattern detail is inspired by the chakra from the original logo.
The hero gold frame is applied as surrounding highlight element to the solid Air India underbelly red frame shape (which holds the Air India wordmark). This gold frame detail adds storytelling and premium cues, while bringing extra attention to the underbelly wordmark.
Source: Air India
The engine housings are painted in solid Air India red. The visual story of the hero gold window frame is also continued with a simple gold band which is applied around the front of the engine housing.
2023,” tweeted Air India whiles sharing pictures of some CGI rendered aircraft.
Campbell Wilson, Air India CEO & MD, said: “Our transformative new brand reflects an ambition to make Air India a worldclass airline serving guests from around the globe, and that represents a new India proudly on the global stage. The new Air India is bold, confident, and vibrant, but also warm and deeply rooted to its rich history and traditions that make Indian hospitality a global benchmark for standards in service. There’s a long way to go but we have made a good start.”
Designed in partnership with the brand transformation company, FutureBrand, the iconic new brand identity combines Air India’s glorious past with its drive to aim for excellence and innovate for the future, creating a standout brand design for a premium global airline with an Indian heart.
Travellers will begin to see the new logo throughout their journey starting December 2023, when Air India’s first Airbus A350 enters the fleet in the new livery. “Colours, patterns, shapes and how they come together and what they represent matter, but our actions speak so much louder. We are in the midst of a total transformation to reimagine the role of India’s flagship airline”, Wilson said. In keeping with the brand refresh, the inaugural aircraft, a Boeing 737 MAX, will make its debut in October. Air India Express (IX), a lowcost subsidiary, is expected to debut its new livery in October. Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX, both options are being explored.
As part of the unveiling, the carrier has released three promotional videos – two of these provide more detail on the new livery
The Air India wordmark is also applied at large scale to the under belly. It sits on an Air India red window shape applied to the underside of the fuselage to allow our aircraft to be recognised easily from below when flying at low altitude.
and brand identity, while the third shows a CGI walk through of one of Air India’s refurbished four-class Boeing 777-300ER aircraft. The Tata Group-owned airline is set to embark on a $400 million programme to refurbish its entire widebody fleet, starting in 2024, including the installation of new seats in every cabin, new inflight entertainment systems, and inflight wifi connectivity. A third of the fleet will have been upgraded by March 2024, with the full programme due to be complete by the end of 2026.
From recruiting, and upskilling to completely rebuilding the internal systems, everything is being done to directly or indirectly make the experience better for customers, highlighted Wilson while also talking about the new in-flight Entertainment Systems in every seat. “In flight internet connectivity for the first time on an Indian airline at the cost of over 400 million US dollars. This is the largest refit ever undertaken by an Indian airline. Over the next 2.5 years, our entire long-haul fleet will be completely reborn,” he added.
Tata Sons chairman N. Chandrasekaran said, “We are fully committed to this journey to make Air India a world-class airline. Our aim and job is to make this our line a truly world-class and iconic airline that every Indian will be proud of. The vision we have for the airline is also in the backdrop of a new resurgent India.”
Wilson also added that the iconic mascot of the airline’ The Maharaja’ is an important part of the company. “Rumor of Maharaja’s death are greatly exaggerated, he will live on. We very much wanted to continue it with India’s diaspora. It is a total and complete transformation of Air India, and it is not just a changing of the brand.”
Air India is making significant investments throughout the guest experience to elevate its service, to regain people’s trust in its quality and to strengthen its position as the preferred airline for travelers flying to, from, and within India. Some of those conscious steps include:
l Air India has confirmed historic purchase agreements to acquire 470 aircraft from Airbus and Boeing at $70 billion (based on published list prices), with deliveries of the new aircraft starting in November this year.
l The transformation of Air India’s fleet has already begun with the airline leasing and buying 20 widebody aircraft this year. A $400 million programme to completely refurbish the interiors of its legacy fleet of 43 widebody aircraft commences mid2024, which will lead to the installation of brand-new seats in every cabin, new inflight entertainment systems, and inflight Wi-Fi internet connectivity. By March 2024, 33 per cent of the airline’s widebody fleet will be upgraded, and over the next two-and-a-half years, its entire long-haul fleet will be reborn.
l Air India has launched a new website and mobile app, offering a significantly improved web experience with new digital tools and features.
l The carrier will also launch a new “open all hours, every day” customer contact centre in nine Indian and foreign languages by the end of this year, as well as a completely redesigned loyalty programme in early 2024 that will enable thousands of new redemption possibilities.
l The airline is investing in building completely new lounges at Delhi and New York JFK airports, having recently announced a global lounge network expansion, achieving 100 per cent lounge access coverage for premium customers at all destinations in its international route network.
l Air India has unveiled a modern new brand identity and new aircraft livery which captures the essence of a bold new India, marking amilestone in its Vihaan. AI transformation of the national institution into a national inspiration
l The new look reimagines the iconic Indian window shape, historically used by Air India, into a gold window frame that becomes central to the new brand design system - symbolising a ‘Window of Possibilities’
l Air India’s new logo symbol - ‘The Vista’ - is inspired by the peak of the gold window frame, signifying limitless possibilities, progressiveness, and the airline’s bold, confident outlook for the future
l The brand-new aircraft livery and design features a palette of deep red, aubergine, and gold highlights, as well as a chakrainspiredpattern. It also boasts a striking new custom-made ‘Air India Sans’ font, marrying confidence with warmth to position Air India as premium, inclusive, and accessible
l Designed in partnership with the brand transformation company, FutureBrand, the iconic new brand identity combines Air India’s glorious past with its drive to aim for excellence and innovate for the future, creating a standout brand design for a premium global airline with an Indian heart
l Consulting with multiple stakeholders, Air India and FutureBrand worked closely together in designing a brand that pays respect to Air India’s rich history and the nation’s vibrant culture, while also representing a New India that looks confidently to the future.
l Air India has now welcomed more than 5,000 new staff, including 3,200 Cabin Crew and nearly 1,000 Cockpit Crew, who are helping to drive the cultural transformation taking place at the heart of Air India. It is also heavily investing in building one of the world’s largest aviation training academies in India that will upskill a massive number of aviation professionals.
Founded by JRD Tata, Air India took its first flight on October 15, 1932. After 69 years as a government-owned enterprise, Air India and Air India Express were welcomed back into the Tata group in January 2022. Under the government’s divestment plan, the Tatas gained complete ownership of Air India and its subsidiary, Air India Express.
AIRASIA UPDATES. Following the divestment announcement, the AirAsia brand name can only be used for a period of 12 months. The deadline will therefore expire in October. AirAsia India needs to change the liveries and branding on all 27 of its aircraft.
AIX Connect, a division of Air India that operates as AirAsia India, disclosed that it has received regulatory authority to rename its operations as “Air India Express.” The regulatory approval was the result of the two airlines’ attempts to integrate. This breakthrough, according to the company’s press release, marks a critical milestone in accelerating integration efforts.
Air India Express, which currently uses 26 Boeing 737 and 28 Airbus aircraft from AirAsia India, is planning to add 23 more Boeing 737 MAX aircraft by the end of March. To bolster its international operations, Air India Express is also receiving about four A320neo aircraft from AirAsia India.
The well-liked ‘Gourmair’ in-flight meal menu from AirAsia India has been successfully incorporated by Air India Express to
enhance the in-flight experience. Additionally, both airlines’ passengers now have access to the ‘Xpress Ahead’ priority services that were previously only available to AirAsia India passengers. These services provide expedited baggage handling, boarding, and check-in. Both airlines also intend to collaborate on a variety of other ancillary add-on services and shared sub-brands to improve passengers’ overall travel experiences.
On behalf of Air India Express, AirAsia India will launch its maiden international flight to Sharjah (SHJ) on August 28. This action comes after earlier in the month, when codeshare flights for Air India were launched by AirAsia India. Beginning on August 28, AirAsia India will deploy an Airbus A320neo on a daily rotation from Delhi (DEL) to Sharjah, Varanasi (VNS), Sharjah, and back to Delhi, according to schedule information provided by ch-aviation. The flights to Sharjah also represent AirAsia India’s first overseas endeavour.
The development comes before the anticipated union of the two low-cost carriers, which ch-aviation claims has received approval from India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and will likely be completed in the first half of 2024. The Air India group consisted of full-service Air India and two low-cost subsidiaries, Air India Express and AirAsia India, which are merging.
Taking significant steps, Air India is navigating through a major five-year transformation roadmap under the aegis of Vihaan.AI, with an ambition to become a world-class airline with an Indian heart. The first phase of this transformation, the taxi phase was recently concluded and focused on fixing the basics. These included bringing back to service many long grounded aircraft, the addition of talent across flying and ground functions, rapid upgradation of technology, and strengthening of customer care initiatives amongst others. SP
IN RECENT YEARS, the Indian aviation landscape has witnessed a remarkable transformation, particularly in the regional sector. There are multifaceted reasons behind the burgeoning growth of regional aviation in India including the pivotal role played by the government in nurturing this sector through incentives and policy support.
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CONNECTIVITY. The growth of regional aviation in India can be attributed to several interlinked factors. One of the primary drivers has been the increasing demand for improved air connectivity to tier 2 and tier 3 cities. With the expansion of business and tourism in these regions, the need for efficient air travel options has become more pronounced. The introduction of new regional airlines has bridged the gap between these cities and the major urban hubs, fostering economic development and enhancing accessibility for both business and leisure travellers.
A significant catalyst for the current surge in regional aviation is the UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme, which seeks to make air travel affordable and accessible to a wider population. The recently unveiled UDAN 5.2 is a testament to the government’s commitment to boosting regional air connectivity. Under this phase of the scheme, more than 110 new routes have been added, linking underserved and unserved airports across the country. This strategic expansion not only spurs economic activity but also contributes to equitable development by reducing regional disparities.
Fiscal Incentives and Subsidies: The government’s proactive stance in providing fiscal incentives and subsidies has been pivotal in attracting new players to the regional aviation sector. These incentives include reduced landing and parking charges, viability gap funding, and a cap on airfare for a certain percentage of seats on regional flights. These measures have not only reduced the financial burden on airlines but have also translated into cost savings for passengers, rendering air travel a more attractive and viable option.
Infrastructure Development: The government’s investments in upgrading and developing airport infrastructure in smaller cities have been crucial in fostering regional aviation growth. The modernisation of airports, coupled with enhanced passenger facilities, has improved the overall air travel experience and instilled confidence among airlines to venture into new markets.
Market Potential: India’s vast and diverse population presents an untapped market for regional airlines. As disposable incomes rise and aspirational lifestyles become more prevalent in tier 2 and
tier 3 cities, the demand for air travel is set to rise further. Airlines are quick to recognise this potential and are thus vying to establish a foothold in these markets, resulting in a flurry of new entrants.
Tourism Boost: The regional aviation boom is also closely linked to the burgeoning tourism industry. The ease of connectivity has opened up lesser-known tourist destinations to a wider audience, thereby giving a fillip to domestic tourism. This symbiotic relationship between regional aviation and tourism has contributed significantly to the sector’s growth.
Innovative Business Models: New regional airlines are adopting innovative business models to cater to the unique needs of their target markets. From smaller aircraft to optimised schedules, these airlines are tailoring their operations to maximise efficiency and affordability, thereby catering to the demands of both passengers and the industry.
GOVERNMENT’S ROLE AND WAY FORWARD. The Indian government’s unwavering support for regional aviation through incentives and policy reforms underscores its commitment to fostering a more inclusive and well-connected nation. By continually expanding the UDAN scheme, the government is not only creating a conducive environment for new airlines to thrive but is also facilitating the growth of existing players.
In addition to the fiscal incentives and subsidies mentioned earlier, the government is also streamlining bureaucratic processes and easing regulatory hurdles, further encouraging investment in regional aviation. This proactive approach is a testament to the government’s recognition of the vital role that air connectivity plays in driving economic growth, spurring tourism, and bridging regional disparities.
CONCLUSION. The remarkable growth of regional aviation in India is a testament to the confluence of market demand, infrastructure development, and government support. The emergence of new regional airlines, coupled with the expansion of the UDAN scheme, has catalysed the transformation of India’s aviation landscape, unlocking new economic opportunities and enhancing the quality of life for millions. As the government continues to provide incentives and policy support, regional aviation is finally poised to soar to even greater heights, connecting the nation in unprecedented ways and contributing to India’s journey toward becoming a global aviation hub. SP
— ROHIT GOELThe skies over India are witnessing the emergence of new regional airlines at an unprecedented rate, a trend that will be bolstered by the unveiling of the UDAN 5.2 schemeRegional Airlines have come up all over the country under the UDAN Regional Connectivity Scheme
