The Ibrahim Salem Collection of African Banknotes 1

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£25

THE IBRAHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF R

AFRICA

THE IBRAHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICA

R 4 OCTOBER 2013

69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET www.spink.com

LONDON

© Copyright 2013

R

STAMPS COINS BANKNOTES MEDALS BONDS & SHARES AUTOGRAPHS BOOKS WINES

4 OCTOBER 2013 R MORNING SESSION

LONDON

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GROUP CHAIRMAN AND CEO Olivier D. Stocker YOUR SPECIALISTS STAMPS UK - Tim Hirsch Guy Croton David Parsons Nick Startup Neill Granger Paul Mathews Dominic Savastano Tom Smith USA - George Eveleth Richard Debney EUROPE - Guido Craveri Fernando Martínez CHINA - Anna Lee COINS UK - Mike Veissid Paul Dawson Richard Bishop William MacKay Eleanor Charlotte Dix Tim Robson Barbara Mears John Pett USA - Stephen Goldsmith Greg Cole Normand Pepin CHINA - Mark Li BANKNOTES, BONDS & SHARES UK - Barnaby Faull Mike Veissid Andrew Pattison USA - Stephen Goldsmith EUROPE - Peter Christen CHINA - Mark Li ORDERS, DECORATIONS, MEDALS & MILITARIA UK - Mark Quayle Oliver Pepys BOOKS UK - Philip Skingley Jennifer Mulholland AUTOGRAPHS USA - Stephen Goldsmith WINES CHINA - Anna Lee Guillaume Willk-Fabia YOUR EUROPE TEAM (LONDON - LUGANO) Chairman’s Office Monica Kruber Charles Blane Directors Tim Hirsch Anthony Spink Auction & Client Management Team Miroslava Adusei-Poku Eleanor Ball Luca Borgo Rita Ariete Dora Szigeti John Winchcombe Kenichiro Imase María Martínez Maurizio Schenini Finance Alison Bennet Marco Fiori Mina Bhagat Dennis Muriu Billy Tumelty Dean Dowdall IT & Administration Berdia Qamarauli Liz Cones Curlene Spencer Tom Robinson Cristina Dugoni Giacomo Canzi YOUR AMERICA TEAM (NEW YORK) Chairman Emeritus John Herzog Auction Administration and Marketing & Design Sonia Alves Luke Mitchell Finance & Administration Sam Qureshi Ingrid Qureshi Auctioneer Stephen Goldsmith

SALE CALENDAR 2013 STAMPS 10 21 22 22 23 23 24 13 14 14 15 11

September September September October October October October November November November November December

British East Africa and Uganda - The Award Winning Collections of George T. Krieger Stamps and Covers of South East Asia The Japanese Occupation Issues of South East Asia Bermuda - Dr. the Hon. David J. Saul Collection The Award Winning “Medina” Collection of India Part III Important British Empire Revenues The J. B. Bloom Collection of South Africa The Collector’s Series Sale The Robert Marion Collection of Mauritius Stamps and Postal History The “Lionheart” Collection of Great Britain and British Empire - Part II Postal History and Historical Documents Great Britain Stamps and Postal History

London Singapore Singapore London London London London London London London London London

13040 13030 13038 13045 13028 13041 13046 13043 13048 13049 13050 13044

North East Indian Coins from the Nick Rhodes Collection Indian, Islamic, British and Anglo-Gallic Coins and Commemorative Medals World Coins and Commemorative Medals The Collector’s Series Sale Ancient, British & Foreign Coins and Commemorative Medals

London London London New York London

13019 13014 13039 317 13015

World Banknotes The Ibrahim Salem Collection of African Banknotes Banknotes of Bermuda - Dr. the Hon. David J. Saul Collection The Collector’s Series Sale World Banknotes

London London London New York London

13018 13037 13047 317 13034

Orders, Decorations, Campaign Medals & Militaria

London

13003

The Collector’s Series Sale Bonds and Share Certificates of the World Bonds and Share Certificates of the World

New York Lugano London

317 SW1008 13017

The Collector’s Series Sale

New York

317

An Evening of Exceptional Wines

Singapore

SFW03

COINS 24 September 24/25 September 1 October 9/10 October 3 December

BANKNOTES 2/3 October 4 October 4 October 9/10 October 5 December

MEDALS 21 November

BONDS AND SHARES 9/10 October 19/21 October 28 November

AUTOGRAPHS 9/10 October

WINES 20 September

The above sale dates are subject to change

YOUR ASIA TEAM (HONG KONG - SINGAPORE) Vice Chairman Anna Lee Administration Amy Yung Newton Tsang Raymond Tat Gary Tan

Spink offers the following services: – VALUATIONS FOR INSURANCE AND PROBATE FOR INDIVIDUAL ITEMS OR WHOLE COLLECTIONS – – SALES ON A COMMISSION BASIS EITHER OF INDIVIDUAL PIECES OR WHOLE COLLECTIONS –

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THE IBRAHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICA – MORNING SESSION 4 October 2013 in London and on and/or

SALE LOCATION

YOUR SPINK TEAM FOR THIS SALE

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FOR YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SALE LOTS

SALE DETAILS Friday 4 October 2013 at 10.00 a.m. - Morning Session Friday 4 October 2013 at 2.00 p.m. - Afternoon Session In sending commission bids or making enquiries, this sale should be referred to as Lumumba - 13037

Barnaby Faull bfaull@spink.com +44 (0)20 7563 4031 Andrew Pattison apattison@spink.com +44 (0)20 7563 4044

FOR YOUR BIDS

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Tuesday 1 October 2013 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.

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Thursday 3 October 2013 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.

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THE IBRAHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICA

ORDER OF SALE - MORNING SESSION Abyssinia Angola Belgian Congo Biafra Botswana British West Africa Burundi Cameroun Cape Verde Central African Republic Central African States Chad Congo Democratic Republic Congo Republic Dahomey East Africa Equatorial African States Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia French Equatorial Africa French West Africa Gabon Gambia German East Africa German South West Africa Ghana Gold Coast Guinea Guinea-Bissau Italian East Africa Italian Somaliland Ivory Coast Katanga Kenya Lesotho Liberia

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1-7 8-54 55-127 128 129-134 135-141 142-154 155-175 176-186 187-191 192-202 203-212 213-224 225-229 230 231-250 251-261 262-265 266 267-297 298-314 315-345 346-349 350-360 361-365 366-368 369-391 392-396 397-409 410-412 413-414 415-421 422-424 425-434 435-443 444-447 448-452

Africa, the wild continent and the land of all contradictions; with its rain forests and deserts, swollen rivers and drought ridden lands, riches and poverty, peace and genocide, nationalists and dictators, surfeit and hunger.

Africa with its richness of nature, animals, minerals and crops, etc. was always a target of the colonial powers and as such; Africa has always suffered, to regain its freedom and independence, with the exception of a few countries. The history of the struggle of the African people created an enthusiasm for me to trace their bank notes over the last 25 years. From my search amongst the world’s bank notes, I have found that the Dark Continent has some of the most colorful ones.

The continent that conceived Mandela, Lumumba, Nayrere, Nkrumah, Kenyatta, Nasser, Kaunde, Senghor and many more, will always be a fertile ground as it is own dark soil to conceive a prosperous future for the deserving African people.

“Take a trip to Africa, take any ship to Africa, come on along and

learn the lingo beside a jungle bungalow. Hot drums are drumming, the hot strings are strumming, and warm lips are blissful, they’re kissful of Skokiaan” Skokiaan, Louis Armstrong.

Enjoy Africa…

Ibrahim Salem, IBNS LM-156

Acknowledgment To the great men and women, who spared no efforts to support this work, in any possible way, by furnishing me with information to facilitate in the organisation and classification of this collection. Our vision was to collate our knowledge with integrity to be used as reference guide to fellow collectors, rather than a standard sale catalogue.

I’d like to thank my wife, Areej Salem, whom has tirelessly supported and encouraged me over the last 25 years, in the compilation of this collection. I would like to mention the late Mel Steinberg who accompanied me along years of collecting. My very sincere gratitude to SPINK; Olivier D. Stocker, Chairman and CEO, who supported the project without reservation; Barnaby Faull, Head of Banknote Department, for contributing his energy for the successes of the sale; Andrew Pattison, Specialist in Banknote Department who put his best efforts to sort and arrange the hundreds of lots; and to all other dedicated staff of SPINK. Special thanks to my friend Raphael Dabbah whom together, we had collaborated and composed the historical research of this Lumumba Sale.

Great appreciation is extended to Yigal Arkin, Riman Abu Osba and all my assistant staff at the office.

Thank you all.

On Research

Patrice Lumumba The research of “Assassinated in Bank Notes” is almost done and hopefully will be published before April 2014. It is an encyclopedia about all whom images have been depicted on Bank Notes, and they did not die in a common normal way. The book covers Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, with story of each person assassinated.

The research of “Eve in Bank Notes” is ongoing study as the material is huge and classification needs more through study.

Arab Countries monetary various monetary systems is in research stage yet, as such, all African Arab Countries are not listed in this sale and will be, once the relevant studies are concluded.

Attribute MADIBA MANDELA During the time of this sale cataloguing, the world was celebrating the 95th birthday on the 18th of July 2013, of the last living hero in Africa, Nelson Mandela. The past, present and future generations will always remember Tata Mandela for his dedicated struggle against Apartheid.

“Do not judge me by my successes, Judge me by

how many times I fell down and get up again”.

Nelson Mandela

Tata Mandela, we are the children of the universe; we will take your words, works, ethics and beliefs, as a guide in our never ending struggle to a world of peace and equality regardless of a person’s race, colour, religion or beliefs. May God , bless you with a long and healthy life.

“Lead from the back and let others believe they are in front”.

Nelson Mandela

Introduction I have known Ibrahim for many years and have visited his beautiful home in Dubai several times.

In doing so I have seen part of his huge collections in addition to the drafts of the many studies he is working on. He is dedicated to charity work, and because of this, HM King Abdullah the Second of Jordan has granted him the AL Hussaein Medal of Merit, First Class.

He is a well known face in our London office, and has a reputation as a polite and honest gentleman, having been here for most of our auctions over the past decade. Ibrahim is a genuinely passionate collector, entirely devoted to the hobby and to developing his collections to the highest degree possible.

As a highly experienced architect, Ibrahim knows how to appreciate the aesthetic side of the banknotes with an artistic eye. I presume that it is in part due to this that his interest is not restricted to one particular area of collecting, but encompasses notes from all over the world. Additionally, Ibrahim’s great knowledge of Politics, History, Geography, Antiques, and Music, in the context of banknotes, is expressed fully in this catalogue.

The banknote market needs this kind of enthusiasm. ‘The Lumumba Catalogue of the Banknotes of Africa’ was a labour of love. Ibrahim, with the tireless help of Raphael Dabbah and if I can add, a small contribution from Spink, has created a lavish and erudite catalogue of notes very dear to his heart.

It is not difficult to see why this series holds a special place in Ibrahim’s affections. The notes are so colorful and reflect every aspect of the life and history - some good and some not quite so good - of this vibrant continent. They feature everything from exotic market scenes, to visions of past eras of colonial history to the fascinating characters holding central stage during the turbulent histories of many African nations.

What better window into this period of history can there be than looking at the Emperor Bokassa seated on his throne, of Kenyatta and Lumumba, of Elizabeth II and Tshombe and countless others, all portrayed beautifully on the banknotes of Africa.

I know Ibrahim has visited Africa many times and that these notes are only parted with reluctantly as he has nearly completed his research in that part of the World. I also know that Ibrahim hopes that collectors worldwide will share in the passion that has gone into this collection. If this sale helps to spread the word that the currency of this magical continent would enhance any collection, then Ibrahim will feel his objective has been achieved.

I would like to join Ibrahim in wishing you good luck, please enjoy the catalogues.

Barnaby Faull London - 2013

Africa maps European control: With the conclusion of World War I, the map of Africa had changed and amended according to the new political powers in the continent. Germany lost its entire positions in Africa and the control was divided mainly between Britain, France with, Belgium, Portugal and South Africa. The European control was set in its final form in the early 1920’s when settlements were finalised by the League of Nations.

The following were German African colonies and protectorates during 18841920: 1 German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika), Tanganyika. In 1922 became a League of Nations mandate under the United Kingdom.

2 Ruanda-Urundi (1885–1917). Ruanda-Urundi was a part of German East Africa under Belgian military occupation from 1916 to 1924, a League of Nations class B mandate of Belgium from 1924 to 1945.

3 The Kionga Triangle was a small territory on the border between German East Africa and Portuguese Mozambique; during World War I, the Portuguese occupied it. In 1920, following the Treaty of Versailles the triangle was allotted to Portuguese Mozambique.

4 German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika), present-day Namibia.

It became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I. In 1920, the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa.

5 German West Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika), Togoland (between 1868 and 1884 included Kamerun which became in 1884 Protectorate of Kamerun). In 1916 the territory of Togoland was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalised in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.

6 Protectorate of Kamerun. At the outbreak of World War I, French, Belgian and British troops invaded the German colony in 1914 and fully occupied it during the Kamerun campaign. The last German fort to surrender was the one at Mora in the north of the colony in 1916. Following Germany’s defeat, the Treaty of Versailles divided the territory into two League of Nations mandates (Class B) under the administration of Great Britain and France.

Africa, late 19th century; notice the German positions. Rand McNally and Company, 1897.

Africa, Post World War I. Rand McNally and Company, 1924.

Independence era: Beginning in the early 1960’s, African states gained their independence and established new countries. Some of the territories were divided into new entities as it was the case of British West Africa, French West Africa, Belgium Congo, while others were unified as it was with French Cameroun and part of British Cameroons reunified in 1961 as Cameroon.

The latest change in Africa’s map occurred when South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011.

AFRICA 0 20 Minsk U.K. Amsterdam BELARUS Berlin Warsaw London NETH. GERMANY POLAND Kyiv Brussels BEL. LUX. Prague UKRAINE CZ. REP. SLOV. Paris Vienna MOL. AUS. Budapest SWITZ. HUNG. FRANCE ROM. SLO. CRO. Belgrade Bucharest BOS.& HER.

ITALY AND.

MOROCCO Marrakech

CANARY ISLANDS

Tehran

Alexandria

Benghazi

LIBYA

S

MAURITANIA Praia

Aswan

A

Nouakchott

Bamako

BURKINA FASO

N'Djamena

Kano

NIGERIA Abuja

N

iger GHANA CÔTE Vo TOGO lta D'IVOIRE Ogbomoso Ibadan Lomé Yamoussoukro Accra Lagos PortoLIBERIA Novo Abidjan Malabo

Moundou

ue Ben

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

CONGO

São Tomé

GABON

Annobón

BASIN

DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO

Brazzaville

Pointe-Noire

Kinshasa

ANGOLA

Kampala

Kisangani

RWANDA Bukavu

(EQUA. GUI.)

Mbuji-Mayi

I C A N T - AT L M I D

ANGOLA

TANZANIA

Kitwe

Saint Helena

Zamb ezi

G

E

IB

ID

Walvis Bay

R

NAMIBIA

LV

Gaborone

Pretoria

SOUTH e

ng

W

A

Or a

AFRICA Cape Town

Mozambique Channel

Tromelin Island (FRANCE)

Mahajanga

Toamasina

Antananarivo

Port Louis

St. Denis

MADAGASCAR

20

MAURITIUS Reunion (FRANCE)

Maputo

Mbabane SWAZILAND Maseru Durban LESOTHO

Indian Ocean

Port Elizabeth

Scale 1:51,400,000 Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

TRISTAN DA CUNHA

0

Gough Island 40

CA 20

Mayotte

Bassas da India (FRANCE) Europa Island (FRANCE)

KALAHARI DESERT

Glorioso Islands (FRANCE)

(admin. by France, claimed by Comoros)

Juan de Nova Island (FRANCE)

MOZAMBIQUE Beira

TR EN CH

Moroni

Cidade de Nacala

Victoria

SEYCHELLES

COMOROS

Blantyre

BOTSWANA

Johannesburg

ERT

IS

DES

(U.K.)

M

G E R I D

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

A

Tropic of Capricorn

Indian Ocean

Dar es Salaam

MALAWI

Lilongwe

ZIMBABWE

Windhoek

0

Lake Nyasa

Harare

N

South Atlantic Ocean

20

SOMALIA

Mogadishu

Lake (highest point in Victoria Africa, 5895 m) Bujumbura Mombasa BURUNDI Lake Dodoma Zanzibar Tanganyika

ZAMBIA Lusaka

Socotra

(YEMEN)

Hargeysa Prov. admin. line

Kilimanjaro

Lubumbashi

Lubango

EY

KENYA Nairobi

Kigali

Luanda

Namibe

L

Arabian Sea

E NT AMIRA

(Cabinda)

Ascension

20

Gulf of Djibouti Aden DJIBOUTI

ETHIOPIA

UGANDA

Congo

REP. OF THE CONGO

Libreville

(lowest point in Africa, -155 m)

Addis Ababa

W

Bangui

Yaoundé

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Asmara Lac'Assal

SOUTH SUDAN Juba

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CAMEROON Douala

Gulf of Guinea Equator

0

OMAN

YEMEN Sanaa

ERITREA

Omdurman

Khartoum

SUDAN

Zinder

SIERRA LEONE Monrovia

Muscat

U.A.E

Red Sea

Port Sudan

CHAD

Niamey

Ouagadougou BENIN

GUINEA

A

e Nil

GUINEA-BISSAU Conakry Freetown

Niger

R

e Blu

Banjul THE GAMBIA Bissau

A

Agadez

MALI

SENEGAL

H

Abu Dhabi

SAUDI ARABIA

Admin. boundary

NIGER

Timbuktu Dakar

Persian Gulf

BAHR. QATAR

Riyadh

ile

CAPE VERDE

KUWAIT

Nil e

Nouadhibou

JORDAN

hit eN

20

Amman

Cairo

EGYPT

Tropic of Cancer

IRAN

Baghdad

Jerusalem ISRAEL

Al Jizah

Western Sahara

AFG.

LEB. SYRIA Eu IRAQ Damascus phrates Beirut

Mediterranean Sea

ALGERIA

Laayoune

TURKMENISTAN Ashgabat

TURKEY

CYPRUS

Tripoli

(SPAIN)

ARM.

Ankara

MALTA

TUNISIA

GEO.

BULG.

MACE.

Athens

Sicily

Tunis

Constantine

Sofia

KOS.

ALB.

GREECE

Algiers

Oran Fès

Casablanca

MONT.

L

Rabat

(PORTUGAL)

Rome Sardinia

Caspian Sea AZER.

s Tigri

Strait of Gibraltar

MADEIRA ISLANDS

Corsica

Madrid

SPAIN

Tashkent

UZBEKISTAN

Black Sea

A

Lisbon

Aral Sea

Sea of Azov

V

PORTUGAL

AZORES

(PORTUGAL)

Danube

SER.

KAZAKHSTAN Volg a

FT

40

60

RUSSIA

RI

Nor t h Atlantic Ocean

40

T

IRE.

EA

20

GR

40

0

PE

RI

SE

800 Kilometers

0

800 Miles

Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative.

20

40

40

60

803510AI (G00392) 6-12

Africa, present days (2013).

Abyssinia covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers. It existed from approximately 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1975 when the monarchy of Ethiopia was overthrown in a coup d’etat.

During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa, Abyssinia was the only African country beside Liberia that retained its sovereignty as a recognized independent country.It was one of only four African members of the 20th-century League of Nations established following World War I. In 1931, the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I, formally requested that the international community use the name Ethiopia (as it had already been known internally for at least 1600 years) instead of Abyssinia, and the issuing Bank of Abyssinia also became the Bank of Ethiopia.

In English, and generally outside of Abyssinia, the country was also once historically known as Abyssinia, derived from Habesh, an early Arabic form of the Ethiosemitic name “Habasat” (unvocalized “HBST”). The modern form Habesha is the native name for the country’s inhabitants (while the country has been called “Ityopp’ya”).

In a few languages, Abyssinia is still referred to by names cognate with “Abyssinia”, e.g., modern Arabic Al-abashah.

RULERS: Menelik II, 1889-1913 Lij Yasu, 1913-1916 Zauditu, Empress, 1916-1930

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Thaler = 16 Gersh (Piastres) to 1930

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Bank of Abyssinia On 15 February 1906, the Bank of Abyssinia was inaugurated by the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II. The bank was a private company, managed by the British owned Egyptian National Bank of Egypt (NBE) with a total capital of USD 2,500,000. Immediately after its establishment, the bank was involved with the financing the last critical construction stage of the Franco-Ethiopian Railway.

Nevertheless it was not until nine years later, in 1915, that the bank issued and introduced into general circulation its own banknotes; the notes included the denominations of 5, 10, 100, and 500 birr (Amharic) / thalers (Latin). A total sum of 280,000 thalers was issued. A 50 thalers note was issued in 1929, by which time over 1.5 million thalers in notes were circulating. Interestingly, the text on the notes was in Amharic and a mixer of English – name of the bank and denomination and decree in French. The date was partly printed and completed by hand written.

The series was engraved and printed by Bradbury Wilkinson and Company; the main motives of the obverse side of notes up to 100 thalers were wild life of the country accompanied with the Imperial Lion of Judah coat of arms and the picture of the bank’s head office in Addis Ababa. The 500 thaler note depicted the Emperor in traditional appearance as its main motif. The reverse side featured the denominations with their artistic design was very similar to the National Bank of Egypt banknotes.

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An important early proofs of the Bank of Abyssinia As suggest from the handwritten comment on the obverse side of the 5 thalers note, the proofs were made during 1913. The proofs included a 50 thaler note, concluding that such denomination was considered, though it was not realised with the initial series of 1915 but only in 1929. The ‘payable’ Amharic text of the 10, 50 and 500 written in traditional Amharic Fidel has a red pen cross out marks with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida as well as some other correction. Though it can be confused, the proofs are very similar to the final approved design but yet not the same.

x1 Bank of Abyssinia proof 5 thalers, 19(ca 1913), no serial numbers, purple & multicoloured, Greater Kudu at centre, bank’s head office at left and Imperial Lion of Judah at right, reverse blue & green, value at centre.

(Pick 1s for similar type) in the top

margin there is a handwritten comment ‘as submitted 2/10/13’, perforated SPECIMEN.The ‘payable’ Amharic text written in traditional Amharic Fidel and unlike other proofs, has no cross out marks or with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida good extremely fine, rare Estimate £400-450

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x2 Bank of Abyssinia proof 10 thalers, 19- (ca 1913), purple & multicoloured, leopard at centre, bank’s headofficeat right, Imprial Lion of Judah at left, reverse violet, pale orange and green.

(Pick 2s for similar type) perforated SPECIMEN, The ‘payable’ Amharic text written in traditional Amharic Fidel has a red pen cross out marks with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida as well as placement correction for ‘No.’, good very fine, rare Estimate £400-450

x3 Bank of Abyssinia specimen 50 thalers, 19-, (ca 1915), blue & multicoloured, lion at centre, Imperial Lion of Judah at right, bank’s head office at left, reverse purple and pale green and orange, value at centre.

(Pick 3s for similar type) perforated CANCELLED, The ‘payable’ Amharic text written in traditional Amharic Fidel has a red pen cross out marks with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida, good very fine to about extremely fine, very rare Estimate £1,000-1,200

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x4 Bank of Abyssinia a uniface obverse and reverse proof 100 thalers, 19- (ca 1915), no serial numbers, violet & multicoloured, Imperial Lion of Judah top left centre, elephant at right, bank’s head office at left, reverse purple and pale pink-red, value at centre.

(Pick 4s for similar type) perforated CANCELLED, The ‘payable’ Amharic text written in traditional Amharic Fidel and unlike other proofs, has no cross out marks or with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida, extremely fine and very rare Estimate £3,500-4,000

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x5 Bank of Abyssinia, specimen 500 thalers, 19- (c.1915-), violet and multicoloured, Emperor in traditional appearance at left, Imperial Lion of Judah at top centre, bank’s head office right centre, value at centre and at each corner, The ‘payable’ Amharic text written in traditional Amharic Fidel has a red pen cross out marks with new suggested text in modern Amharic Abugida, denomination correction at top left and placement correction for ‘No.’, reverse violet and pale pink-red, value at centre, also included in the lot are five sheets of tracing overlay with signatures for the 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 thalers.

(Pick 5s for similar type), perforated, good very fine, a handsome note and very rare Estimate £3,000-3,500

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

Final design die proofs of the Bank of Abyssinia The following die proofs were produced in early 1914 in accordance with the correction of the 1913 proofs and they are in fact the final design as eventually released into general circulation. The ‘payable’ Amharic text is now in modern Amharic Abugida and the ‘No.’ is placed in its final position.

x6 Bank of Abyssinia a uniface die proof 5 thalers, ND (1914), no serial numbers, Greater Kudu at centre, bank’s head office at left and Imperial Lion of Judah at right.

(Pick 1 for type) manuscript comment ‘Returned by NBE

(stands for the National Bank of Egypt) 6/3/14’ in top margin, good extremely fine and very rare Estimate £300-400

www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x7 Bank of Abyssinia a uniface die proof 10 thalers, ND (1914), no serial numbers, leopard at centre, bank’s head office at right, Imperial Lion of Judah at left.

(Pick 2 for type) manuscript comment ‘Returned by NBE

(stands for the National Bank of Egypt) 6/3/14’ in top margin, extremely fine, very rare Estimate £350-400

16

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The Peoples Republic of Angola, a country on the west coast of southern Africa bounded by Zaïre, Zambia and Namibia (South-West Africa), has an area of 481,354 sq. mi. (1,246,700 sq. km.) and a population of 12.78 million, predominantly Bantu in origin. Capital: Luanda. Most of the people are engaged in subsistence agriculture. However, important oil and mineral deposits make Angola potentially one of the richest countries in Africa. Iron and diamonds are exported.

Angola was discovered by Portuguese navigator Diogo Cao in 1482. Portuguese settlers arrived in 1491, and established Angola as a major slaving center which sent about 3 million slaves to the New World.

A revolt against Portuguese rule, characterized by guerrilla warfare, began in 1961 and continued until 1974, when a new regime in Portugal offered independence.

The independence movement was actively supported by three groups, the National Front, d in Zaïre, the Soviet- backed Popular Movement, and the moderate National Union. Independence was proclaimed on Nov. 11, 1975.

RULERS: Portuguese to 1975

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Milreis = 1000 Reis = 20 Macutas to 1911 100 Centavos - 1 Escudo, 1911 1 Escudo = 1 Milreis 1 Escudo = 100 Centavos, 1954-77 1 Kwanza = 100 Lwei, 1977-95 1 Kwanza Reajustado = 1,000 “old” Kwanzas, 1995-

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Francisco de Oliveira Chamiço

Banco Nacional Ultramarino Banco Nacional Ultramarino (BNU) (literally means Overseas National Bank) was established by Francisco de Oliveira Chamiço, Portugal Minister of the Navy and Overseas in Lisbon on 16 May 1864, under a Royal Charter Act of King Louis I. The bank was granted with the following privileges for a period of 15 years: • The unique foundation and administration of banking institutions in all overseas provinces, except for Macau; • Annual State grant of 30 millions reis; • Exemption from all taxes and contributions; • Ability to perform all operations in the colonies themselves including bank activities, issuing and circulation of banknote and providing an agricultural credit.

The BNU seal approved on 12 August 1864 was a part of the banknotes design for more than 100 years. The seal emblem a steamer with the caption Banco Nacional Ultramarino at the top and a lower caption as its motto Colonies,

Commerce, Agriculture.

In compliance with the stipulations of the Charter Law, the bank’s two first actual branches were opened in August 1865 in Luanda, Angola and Praia, Cape Verde. Further BNU branches and agencies were opened in S. Thomas (1868), Mozambique (1877), Guinea (1903), Macao (1902), India (1868) and East Timor (1912).

From March 1909, the BNU standardiseds emissions for the five colonies in Africa - Angola, Cape Verde, S. Thomas, Mozambique and Guinea; the notes had the same values, with the only difference in the indication of the province.

18

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

BNU in Angola The BNU was the major factor of harmonisation of the monetary system in the Portuguese colonies. In Angola, there had been first notes issued by local farms until BNU was granted the exclusive right to issue currency.

With the opening of the branch in Luanda in 1865, BNU put into service its first issue - “emission type branch office Loanda”. The notes were systematic with the Portuguese monetary system and as such denominated in reis (literally means “Kings”).

The first common series issued for the African colonies in 1909 depicted the portrait of Vasco da Gama on its obverse and as such, referred to by BNU as “ISSUE VASCO DA GAMA”.

Following the 1910 Republican revolution a new monetary unit was introduced on 22 May 1911, the escudo, at the rate of 1,000 réis to 1 escudo. The term mil réis (thousand réis). As such, from 1911 emissions BNU are denominated in escudos.

In 1921, BNU introduced a new series with the effigy of the founder of bank, Francisco Chamiço, honouring his 100 anniversary of birth (b.1820, Porto, Brazil, d.1888, Lisbon).

BNU officially referred it as “ISSUE CHAMIÇO” and people called these notes “the chamiços”.

State notes for 50 centavos were introduced in 1921 and 1923.

BNU, Luanda, Angola, early 1900’s www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x8 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 1,000 reis, 1 March 1909, serial number in red 372815, black, green and pale orange, red steamship seal type 1, value at left, reverse dark grey, maiden at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 27), fine and scarce Estimate ÂŁ300-350

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x9 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 5 mil reis, 1 March 1909, red serial number 158977, black, pale blue and pale pinkbrown, Vasco de Gama at left, the passage of the Cape of Good Hope at right, red steamship seal type 1 at centre, red LOANDA top centre, reverse green, maiden and ships.

(Pick 31), ex Mel Steinberg. A respectable fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ1,400-1,600 www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x10 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Angola, 5 mil reis, 1 March 1909, red serial number 185911, black, pale blue and pink, Vasco de Gama at left, ships at the Cape of Good Hope, arms top right, red steamship seal I at centre, manuscript signature low left, two printed signatures low right, reverse green, maiden at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 31), some areas of restoration, but a pleasing fine, rare in issued format Estimate ÂŁ1,400-1,600 22

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x11 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 10 centavos, 5 November 1914, red serial number 5566450, purple, pale pink, green steamship seal II low centre, green LOANDA top centre, also 20 centavos, 5 November 1914, blue and multicoloured, red steamship seal III low centre, red LOANDA top centre.

(Pick 39b, 43), first ex Mel Steinberg,

very fine, second an original about extremely fine (2) Estimate ÂŁ100-120

x12 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 5 centavos, 19 April 1918, serial number BS 12004, grey on pale tan, shipseal at right, value at left, reverse black on pale tan, ship at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 49), ex Mel Steinberg. Extremely

fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ180-220

www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x13 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 50 centavos, 1 January 1920, red serial number 748648, pale blue on pale tanm allegorical figures, reverse broen and pale tan, ship at centre.

(Pick 53), ex Mel Steinberg. Poor but

rare Estimate ÂŁ50-60

x14 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 1 escudo, 1 January 1921, red serial numbers, green and pale pink, also a 2 1/2 escudos, 1 January 1921, serial number 0061502, blue, pale orange and lilac, Chamico at left, ship seal at right, arms low centre.

(Pick 55,56), both ex Mel Steinberg.

VG and very fine with top left tip missing, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ200-240

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x15 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 5 escudos, 1 January 1921, red serial number 1119096, black and pale pink, also 10 escudos, 1 January 1921, red serial number 530452, brown on multicolour, both with Chamico at left, ship seal at right, arms low centre, reverse blue, maiden at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 57, 58), ex Mel Steinberg. first fine, second good fine, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ180-220

x16 Republica Portuguesa, 50 centavos, 1921, serial number 188120, grey on pale tan, Liberty and plough at centre, arms low right, reverse arms, allegorical scenes and Mercury, also a 50 centavos, 1923, brown, allegorical figures and scenes.

(Pick 62,63), a pleasing fine and very

fine, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ100-120

www.spink.com

25

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x17 Republica Portuguesa, Angola, specimen 50 centavos, ND (1923), serial number A/2 0000000, brown, allegorical figures with Liberty seated at right, arms top centre, reverse brown.

(Pick 63s), very fine, rare and unusual, no perforations

or SPECIMEN overprint Estimate ÂŁ550-600 26

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

Angola and the Alves dos Reis episode On 5 December 1925, the ‘Portuguese Bank Note Bubble’ burst. The Lisbon daily newspaper, O Século (The Century), revealed the swindle in the headline O Pais em Crise (The Country in Crisis). Twenty-eight year old white-collar worker, Artur Virgilio Alves Reis (Alves dos Reis), had deceived civil servants both abroad and in Portugal, and was able to counterfeit a supposedly official document Alves dos Reis episode

from Banco de Portugal, Bank of Portugal, nominating him to act on its behalf as an official, but on a highly secret mission, Bank of Portugal effort to provide a loan of £1.3m to Angola, at a 2% commission if arranged to the Bank’s satisfaction. In order to provide the loan it was necessary to print Bank of Portugal 500 escudo notes (Portugal Pick 130), to be used in Angola; the contract had specified that the word “Angola” would be overprinted the new notes when they reached Lisbon and before transport to Angola, (they were allegedly for colonial circulation only) and as such, it was not difficult for Reis to convince the London firm that the reuse of existing serial numbers was not a cause for alarm.

Waterlow and Sons Limited printed 200,000 500 escudo notes worth 100 million escudos, £1,007,963 at that time exchange rates, and an imaginable sum of the equivalent to 0.88% of Portugal’s nominal GDP. Hence the market included genuine notes but unauthorised.

In Oporto Reis hired zangões (drones), freelance currency dealers, who used the notes to buy hard currency on the black market. He then instructed his henchmen to open bank deposits in suburban branches with the Vasco de Gama notes, and subsequently made withdrawals in genuineauthorised notes from the head offices of these banks.

The notes were printed using Bank of Portugal plates for the Vasco de Gama 500 escudo notes (Portugal Pick 130), using the diplomatic privileges of a consul of Liberia and other partners of Reis delivered the Waterlow notes to Reis.

Alves Reis persuaded both the printers and his collaborators that, since the Bank of Portugal directors were bitterly divided over the whole

On June 1925 Reis created his own bank, Bank

deal, it had to be done with the utmost secrecy and

of Angola and Metropol, and through it legitimised

that he was to be the sole intermediary between

his unauthorised banknotes. He then sought

the printers and the Bank.

to take control of the Bank of Portugal, the sole www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

institution capable of initiating proceedings against

between February and December 1925.

counterfeiters of its bank notes. Throughout the

A little over six months later, on 28 May 1926,

summer of 1925, Reis bought Bank of Portugal shares on the Lisbon stock exchange. In early June the bribed Venezuelan Minister to Portugal, D. Simon Plancez-Suarez, and brought an additional 150,000 notes to Portugal in order to facilitate the acquisition of the Bank. This additional shipment of money suggests that Reis spent his FebruaryMarch consignments by the summer of 1925.

Reis required 45,000 voting shares in order to gain control of the Bank and by mid-September he possessed over 7,000. At the end of September he had 9,000, and in early November Reis controlled 10,000 voting shares.

On 5 Dec 1925, a series of articles was published questioning the sources of funding of Reis’s new bank, while bank notes contained duplicate numbering, appearing absolutely genuine, were discovered.

President

Bernardino

Machado’s

democratic

government was removed in a coup (military takeover, sometimes referred to as the overthrow of the Republic, sometimes as its collapse or fall, and still other times as its dissolution), which ushered out the democratic Primeira República (First Republic) and ushered in an Authoritarian regime.

Bank of Portugal sued Waterlow & Sons in the High Court in London. In one of the most complex trials in English legal history, the case was finally settled in the House of Lords on 28 April 1932 in favour of the Bank of Portugal, which was awarded £610,392 in damages. Waterlow & Sons’ business never completely recovered; it was finally acquired by De La Rue in 1961. Sir William Waterlow had been dismissed as president of the printing house and was elected mayor of London in 1929. He died of peritonitis on 6 July 1931

On 6 December 1925, the Bank of Portugal

before the final judgment of the House of Lords.

Governor, Comacho Rodrigues, called a meeting

Angola suffered from an uncontrolled level of

of the Board. They found that it was almost impossible to distinguish between good and bad notes. The Board decided to withdraw all 500 escudo notes (Portugal Pick 130), and exchange them for 1,000 escudo notes (Portugal Pick 131). In matters of this kind, secrecy is impossible; rumours flew through the country and the police in the larger cities had to deal with rioting near major

monetisation which led to an unsustainable financial situation in the colony; eventually the colonial authorities had initiated a process of monetary reform and created two new financial entities - Junta de Moeda, a Currency Board and an independent Bank, Banco de Angola (Bank of Angola)

banks. Most important to the assessment made by this essay is that no effort was made to correct Reis’s distortionary effect on the money supply.

Exchanges were permitted until 26 December, at which date 115,000 notes were withdrawn, a number significantly inferior to that ordered from the printers in 1923-24.

Reis illicitly injected into the Portuguese money supply an amount equivalent to £1,007,963 28

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

Junta de Moeda and Banco de Angola Due to the financial crises which arose from the

indicating that the earlier Angolan banknotes were

Alves dos Reis episode, it was decided to establish

devalued as part of the reform, rather than the

a new monetary authority for Angola. The

angolar actually having a new, higher value.

(Angola) Currency Board was established under

In 1928, the first angular series was introduced

decree 12.124 of 14 August 1926 and the Bank

into circulation. The Currency Board introduced

of Angola was established under decree 12.131 of

notes in denominations of 1 angolar, 2½, 5 and

the same date. Both institutes were headquartered

10 angolares; the notes had no date and included

in Lisbon in order to “evade local influences and to

only the decree dated 1926. The Bank of Angola

have more direct supervision of the Minister of the

introduced 20, 50, 100 and 500 angolar notes, all

Colonies”. Thus after six decades, BNU lost its

dated 1 June 1927. In 1942, the Governo Geral,

note-issuing monopoly in Angola and its branches were transferred to the Bank of Angola.

the General Governance, took over the issuance of 1 and 2½ angolar notes and the bank of 5 and

financial-monetary

10 angolares. 1000 angolar notes were added by

rearrangement in the colony included the

the Bank of Angola in 1944, followed by 5 and 10

disengagement of Angola from the escudo block and

angolares in 1947.

the creation of a new monetary unit “Angolares” to

The series of both institutes had the same artistic

This

above

mentioned

replace it. Other than that, the contract for printing banknotes with Waterlow & Sons was halted and a new contract was put in effect with Thomas De La Rue (Bank of Portugal banknotes were to be printed by Bradbury Wilkinson and Company).

The banknotes issuing privilege was divided between the Angola Currency Board which was responsible for small denominations notes and the new bank which was responsible for larger denominations.

design which included Portuguese explorers related to Angola on the obverse and the colony’s wildlife on the reverse.

In 1953, Portugal began unifying the currencies of its colonies. This process was completed in Angola at the end of 1958, with the reintroduction of the escudo. New banknotes series were issued dated 1956; the series was modified in 1962, now featuring the portrait of Américo Tomás, President of Portugal at the time. In 1972 a new

The new currency was introduced in 1928 at

series depicting Carmona, Portugal 11th president

an exchange rate of 1 angolar = 1.25 escudos.

was issued. In 1973 the last series of the bank and

The dates appeared on the notes were of the

under Portugal at all was issued, depicting Luís de

specific decree approval. However, the exchange

Camões, Portuguese language’s greatest poet.

rate with the Portuguese escudo remained at par,

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

“Angolar� first series designs and the Palestine currency notes With the financial crises which arose from the Alves dos Reis episode, Thomas De La Rue were challenged with the printing of a new series of banknotes for Angola in two main aspects; the first was to represent the most advanced security and confidence printing; the second was to design and print as fast as possible in order to replace the BNU escudo notes. De La Rue recent project at the time was the Palestine Currency Board currency notes which were the state of art in terms of designs and security.

The similarity of the Bank of Angola and PCB notes are mainly in two features: a) The colours of the notes were in accordance with the nominal regardless of the fact whether it is the main unit or the sub unit. Hence the colour of the 500 angolar notes was similar to the 500 mil notes though the 500 angolares was the highest of the series while the 500 mils was the lowest of the series and in sub unit (1,000 mils were equal to 1 Palestine pound); b) The graphic design, specially of the frames and backgrounds such as the underprint guilloche designs, ornamental letters and digits and design of the watermark area.

30

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x18 Republica Portuguesa, 1 angolar (2), decree of 14 August 1926, decree of 28 March 1942, serial number Ae 036704, 034302, green and pale orange, Diego Cao at left, plants in field, reverse green, waterbuck at centre.

(Pick 64, 68), second ex Mel Steinberg.

Pressed fine and very fine, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ80-100

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x19 Republica Portuguesa, 5 angolares, decree of 14 August 1926, serial number Ah 050361, red, pale green and lilac, De Novaes at left, landscape at centre, columns at left and right, arms low centre, reverse red, elephant at centre, value low right.

(Pick 66), in PCGS holder 45PPQ, rare Estimate £500-600

x20 Republica Portuguesa, 10 angolares, decree of 14 August 1926, serial number U 037819, blue and lilac, locals, railway bridge and landscape at centre, columns at left and right, arms top centre, reverse blue, lion at centre, value low right.

(Pick 67), ex Mel Steinberg. Fine and rare Estimate £200-250

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x21 Republica Portuguesa, 2 1/2 angolares, decree of 28 March 1942, serial number Sc 199001, purple, pale green and pink, De Novaes at left, landscape at centre, columns at left and right, arms low centre, reversepurple, rhinocerous at centre, value at left and right (Pick 69), ex Mel Steinberg. An original good very fine, pleasing thus and rare Estimate ÂŁ300-350

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

In November 1948 Angola was the sixth country in the world to issue commemorative banknotes (Nicaragua 1894 (Pick 20-23A), Lithuania 1929/1930 (Pick 26-27), Uruguay 1930 (Pick 17-19) and Sweden earlier that year, in June 1948 (Pick 41)); they were 1 angolar and 2½ angolares commemorating the tercentenary anniversary of the restoration of Angola form the Netherlands to Portugal, issued under decree 37.086 (The Dutch ruled Luanda from 1640 to 1648 as Fort Aardenburgh). The obverse design included historical scenes related to the event while the reverse side remained unchanged.

x22 Republica Portuguesa, Angola, an obverse composite essay on board for a commemorative 1 angolar, decree of 28 March 1942, serial number Sr 000000, green, Dutch prisoners and galleons in Luanda, arms top left.

This is an early design of the final commemorative 1 angolar notes (Pick 70). As the special decree for the commemorative notes was not acted yet by the Currency Board, the artist specified the current decree for this denomination at the time (Pick 68). Unlike the final design, this initial design includes a caption explaining the scene “Dutch prisoners and galleons in Luanda”. Signatures are identical to the actual notes at the time which are different from the actual 1948 signatures. Unique and attractive Estimate £180-240 34

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x23 Republica Portuguesa, commemorative 1 angolar, decree of 6 October 1948, serial number D 722465, green and pale orange, soldiers and boat by quay-side, arms top left, reverse green, waterbuck at centre. In November 1948 Angola was the sixth country in the world to issue commemorative banknotes; they were this 1 angolar and 2½ angolares (next lot, Pick 71) commemorating the tercentenary anniversary of the restoration of Angola form the Netherlands to Portugal, issued under decree 37.086 (The Dutch ruled Luanda from 1640 to 1648 as Fort Aardenburgh). The obverse design included historical scenes related to the event while the reverse side remained unchanged.

(Pick 70), fine Estimate £150-180 x24 Republica Portuguesa, specimen commemorative 2 1/2 angolares, decree of 6 October 1948, serial number K 000000, violet and pale green, vignette of a seige at centre, arms top centre, value at right and at each corner, reverse violet, rhinocerous at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 71s), an oval De la Rue seal low centre, a fresh extremely fine and rare Estimate £550-600

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x25 Banco de Angola, specimen 20 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, serial number 2D00000, red-purple, pale lilac and green, Benevides at centre, river and jungle in field, arms low left, reverse red, hippopotamus at centre, value top left and right.

(Pick 72 for type), small splits at top left and low right otherwise an attractive extremely fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ400-500

x26 Banco de Angola, 20 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, serial number 3A 14424, red-purple, pale lilac and green, Benevides at centre, river and jungle in field, arms low left, reverse red, hippopotamus at centre, value top left and right.

(Pick 72 ), ex Mel Steinberg. Fine and

rare in issued format Estimate ÂŁ650-750

36

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x27 Banco de Angola, 20 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, no serial numbers, dark brown and pale green, Salvador Correia at centre, arms low left, jungle and swamp in background, reverse brown and green, hippopotamus at centre, value top left and right. Originally this note was one of the colour trials considered but eventually the P-72 type was chosen.

Nevertheless as the note caused much confusion with the 5 angolar note (P-66), it was decided to reprint it in one of the initial suggested coloures.

(Pick 73 for type), letter D low left, slight scutting otherwise extremely fine,

very rare and attractive Estimate ÂŁ800-900 www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x28 Banco de Angola, specimen 50 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, serial number IE 00000, purple, and green, Salvador Correia at centre, falls in background, arms at top left, columns at left and right, reverse purple and green, leopard reclining at centre, value top left and right. The note was issued during 1939 replacing its previous P-73, which was identical but the green underprint instead of the purple underprint.

(Pick 74As for type), ink date ‘2.7.39’ at low right, small notch in left and right

margin otherwise good extremely fine, attractive and rare Estimate £1,200-1,400

38

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x29 Banco de Angola, specimen 50 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, red serial number IE 00000, purple, and green, Salvador Correia at centre, falls in background, arms at top left, columns at left and right, reverse purple and green, leopard reclining at centre, value top left and right.

(Pick 74As for type), ink letter F low right and letter Z on reverse, a solid good extremely fine, rare and attractive Estimate ÂŁ1,200-1,400

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x30 Banco de Angola, specimen 100 Angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, red serial number 2F00000, green, Salvador Correia at left, flamingos and swamp at centre right, arms top centre, value at centre and at each corner, reverse crocodile in stylised frame, value top left and right.

(Pick 75s), red De la Rue seal at right, a fresh and original good extremely fine, very

rare and most attractive Estimate ÂŁ2,000-2,200

40

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x31 Banco de Angola, 100 angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, red serial number 2A 57399, green and pale pink, Salvador Correia at left, lagoon with flamingos in field, arms top centre, column at left and right, value at each corner, reverse green, crocodile at centre, value top left and right.

(Pick 75), VG to fine, presentable and very rare in issued format Estimate ÂŁ1,100-1,200

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41

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x32 Banco de Angola, specimen 500 Angolares, 1 June 1927, decree of 14 August 1926, red serial number 2H00000, deep blue on green underprint, Salvador Correia at left, shoreline with palm trees at right, arms top right centre, value right centre and at each corner, reverse eagle in oval frame, value top left and right.

(Pick 76s), ink numeral low left, black SPECIMEN overprint, very faint mounting traces, otherwise crisp fresh extremely fine, extremely rare and a handsome note Estimate ÂŁ1,200-1,400

42

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

An important unadopted design proofs of the Angola Currency Board The followings are interesting design trials by Orell Fussli, Zurich on behalf of the Angola Currency Board. The latter issued the 1to 10 angolar notes while the Bank of Angola issued the 20 to 500 Angolares. It seems that designs were proposed for Angola Pick 64 to Pick 67 which eventually printed by Thomas De La Rue. Other than the 1 and 10 angolar notes presented here, notes of 2½ and 5 angolares were prepared as well. The entire notes designed whit a geometrically heavy face design with intricate devices throughout with a multi-colored under-print. x33 Junta da Moneda de Angola, obverse and reverse uniface proofs for a 1 Angolare, ND, green on pink underprint, value at right, arms at centre, reverse, trees at centre, value in guilloches on either side.

(Pick not listed), about uncirculated

and very scarce (2) Estimate £500-600

x34 Junta da Moneda de Angola, obverse and reverse uniface proofs for a 10 Angolares, ND, brown, Vasco da Gama at right, arms at centre, reverse, blue, two columns at centre, value in guilloches on either side. The note shows without an underprint.

(Pick not listed), about uncirculated

and very scarce (2) Estimate £350-450

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43

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Second series Bank of Angola second series was placed into circulation during 1944 to 1947 (Pick 77-82) starting with a 1,000 angolar note (Pick 82) in 1944 and ending with 10 angolar note (Pick 78) in June 1947. The series did not have a uniform artistic design. The main difference compare to the first series was the issuing of for the first time a 1,000 angolar note and issuing 5 and 10 angolar notes which previously issued by the Angola Currency Board. Interestingly, the 5 andolares were issued under the bank’s 1926 decree and as other denominations while the 10 angolares was the only one to be issued under a new decree, proclaimed on14 August 1946.

During 1951-2 the 20, 50, 100 and 1,000 angolares (Pick 83-86) were re-issued with new dates but still under the bank’s decree of 1926. x35 Banco de Angola, 5 angolares (2), 1 January 1947, decree of 14 August 1926, pale and dark brown, General Carmona, the 11th President of Portugal (1926–1951), at right, arms top centre, reverse pale blue-green, also a 20 angolares, 1944, purple, Benevides at right.

This note is quite unusual as although not a commemorative note, it does includes in its reverse design a commemorative features; the note marking the visit of President General Carmona in 1938 to the colony in the event of 455th anniversary for Vasco da Gama first landing in Luanda Bay; showing a marble column surmounted by the Portuguese arms, and part of his speech regarding the sacred unity of the colony with the motherland.

(Pick 77), fine, almost very fine (2) Estimate £80-100

44

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x36 Banco de Angola, 10 angolares, 1 June 1947, decree of 14 August 1946, prefix 8EK, black, pale pink and pale blue, Barroso at right, teaching scene at left, reverse dark blue, the Treaty of Simalambuco in 1885 at centre.

(Pick 78), uncirculated and scarce in

this grade Estimate £250-300

x37 Banco de Angola, 20 angolares, 1 December 1944, serial number 40LY 16386, purple and pale orange, Salvador Correia De Sa E Benevides at left and right, fortress at centre, arms top centre, reverse purple, painting ‘The reconquest of Luanda 1648’ at centre.

(Pick 79), fine with low left corner

missing Estimate £40-60

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45

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x38 Banco de Angola, 20 angolares, 1 March 1951, serial number 119BQ 00001, purple and pale orange, Salvador Correia De Sa E Benevides at left and right, fortress at centre, arms top centre, reverse purple, painting ‘The reconquest of Luanda 1648’ at centre.

(Pick 83), uncirculated and a splendid number!

Estimate £800-1,000

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x39 Banco De Angola, colour trial 50 angolares, 1 October 1944, red serial number A 000000, green and multicoloured, Manuel Cerveira Pereira at right, fisherman at centre, arms top centre, value at centre and at each corner, reverse brown instead of green as in the circulation type, the founding of Benguela in 1617.

(Pick 80s), small ink number low left, uncirculated, rare and attractive with reverse in brown and not in green as in the issued series (lot 40) Estimate ÂŁ750-850

x40 Banco De Angola, 50 angolares, 1 October 1944, red serial number 40IQ 03172, green and multicoloured, Manuel Cerveira Pereira at right, fisherman at centre, arms top centre, value at centre and at each corner, reverse green, the founding of Benguela in 1617.

(Pick 80), fine and scarce Estimate ÂŁ150-180

www.spink.com

47

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x41 Banco de Angola, 50 angolares, 1 October 1944, red serial number 6AR 00001, green and pale orange and blue, Manuel Cerveira Pereira at right, native with oar at left, caduceus and arms at centre, reverse green, painting ‘the Founding of Benguela 1617’ at centre, value at each corner.

(Pick 80), uncirculated and a splendid number!

Estimate £1,200-1,400

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x42 Banco de Angola, specimen 1000 Angolares, 1 December 1944, black serial number 10YV00000, carmine, black and multicoloured, D. Joao II at right, arms low right, eagle low left, reverse purple, the return of Diego Cao in 1489.

(Pick 82s), perforated CANCELLED, crisp fresh about uncirculated and a lovely intricate design, rare Estimate ÂŁ1,400-1,600

www.spink.com

49

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x43 Banco De Angola, 50 angolares, 1 March 1951, red serial number 47JB22593, green and multicoloured, Manuel Cerveira Pereira at right, fisherman at centre, arms top centre, value at centre and at each corner, reverse green, the founding of Benguela in 1617.

(Pick 84), ex Mel Steinberg. Fine and

scarce Estimate £150-180

x44 Banco de Angola, specimen, 100 angolares, 1 March 1951, red serial number 26PM00000, blue and multicoloured, Sousa Coutinho in brown panel at right, arms and cherubs low centre, reverse purple, European explorers, natives, arms low right, value at each corner.

(Pick 85s) perforated CANCELLED, ink numbers and date “2.12.50” at top margin, extremely fine and a pleasing design Estimate £400-500

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x45 Banco de Angola, specimen, 100 angolares, 1 March 1951, red serial number 26PM00000, blue and multicoloured, Sousa Coutinho in brown panel at right, arms and cherubs low centre, reverse purple, European explorers, natives, arms low right, value at each corner.

(Pick 85s) pinholes and low margin a little untidy, almost extremely fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ400-450

x46 Banco de Angola, 20 escudos, 1956, purple, Porto at right, 50 escudos, 1956, green, De Carvalho at right, 1000 escudos, 1956, brown-purple, Capelo at right.

(Pick 87, 88a, 91), first extremely fine,

balance VG to fine (3) Estimate ÂŁ60-80

www.spink.com

51

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x47 Banco de Angola, specimen 500 escudos, 15th August 1956, serial number 10AN000000 red on blue and yellow underprint, portrait of R. Ivens at left, view if port of Luanda at centre, reverse maroon, landscape with rhinoceros.

(Pick 90s) lower right corner torn, glue

spots, perforated, black SPECIMEN overprint, good extremely fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ150-180

x48 Banco de Angola, specimen 1,000 escudos, 15th August 1956, serial number 10AOG000000, brown on multicoloured underprint, portrait of B. Capelo at right, landscape with dam at centre, arms top centre, reverse black, herd of Sable antelope at centre, value top left and right.

(Pick 91s), slight glue traces, red De la

Rue seal at right, good extremely fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ350-450

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x49 Banco de Angola, 20 escudos, 1962, lilac, Tomas at right, 50 escudos, 1962, blue and 100 escudos, 1962, red, 500 escudos, 1970, red, 1000 escudos (2), 1962 and 1970, blue, all Tomas at right (Pick 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98), first two a.unc,uncirculated, balance brown on multicoloured underprint, portrait of B. Capelo at right, landscape with dam at centre, reverse black,VG to fine, the 1,000 of 1970 very fine (6) Estimate ÂŁ100-120 www.spink.com

53

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x50 Banco de Angola, 500 escudos, 10 June 1962, serial number 1Au 35520, red and multicoloured, Tomas at right, the Port of Luanda at centre, arms top centre, reverse red, rhinosceri at centre.

(Pick 95), about extremely fine Estimate ÂŁ160-200

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x51 Banco de Angola, a set of the 1972/1973 issue comprising 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 escudos, all 1972, M.Carmona at right and 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 escudos, 1973, all Luiz De Camoes at right (Pick 99-108), mixed but mainly uncirculated including Pick 105108. (10) Estimate ÂŁ80-120

www.spink.com

55

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banco Nacional de Angola When Angola gained its independence in 1975, the government nationalized the banking sector.

The Bank of Angola became Banco Nacional de Angola (BNA) (National Bank of Angola); The BNA continued to function as a central bank, bank of issue and commercial bank. The government also designated it as the only legal holder of foreign currency and delegated to it responsibility for all foreign transactions. The escudo was replaced in 1977 by the kwanza at par.

New notes started circulated in 1977 (Pick 109-113).

x52 Banco Nacional de Angola, a set of the 1976 series comprising 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 kwanzas, all Antonio Agostinho Neto at right (Pick 109a-113a), uncirculated (5) Estimate ÂŁ50-70 56

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x53 Banco Nacional de Angola, a set of the 1979 series comprising 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 kwanzas, all Antonio Agostinho Neto at right, a group of the 1984-1987 series comprising 50, 100, 500, 1,000 kwanzas, the 1991 provisional issue 500 novo kwanza, the 1991 issue comprising 100, 5,00, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000 and 500,000 kwanzas.

(Pick 114-117, 118-120b, 121b, 123, 126, 128b, 129b 130c, 131b, 132, 133x, 134),

uncirculated (17) Estimate ÂŁ100-150

www.spink.com

57

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x54 Banco Nacional de Angola, a group of the issue of 1995 comprising 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000, 5,000,000 Kwanzas Reajustados, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 kwanzas, 1999, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000 kwanzas, 2003.

(Pick 135-142, 143-151),

uncirculated (17) Estimate ÂŁ140-180

58

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Belgian Congo (now the Congo Democratic Republic), located in the south-central part of Africa, has an area of 905,378 sq. mi. (2,344,920 sq. km.) and a population of 13.6 million. Capital: Kinshasa. The mineral-rich country produces copper, tin, diamonds, gold, zinc, cobalt 3 and uranium.

In ancient times the territory comprising the Belgium Congo was occupied

by Negrito peoples (Pygmies) pushed into the mountains by Bantu and Nilotic invaders. The interior was first explored by the American correspondent Henry Stanley, who was subsequently commissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium to conclude development treaties with the local chiefs. The Berlin conference of 1885 awarded the area to Leopold, who administered and exploited it as his private property until it was annexed to Belgium in 1907. Belgium received the mandate for the German territories of Ruanda-Urundi as a result of the international treaties after WWI. During WWII Belgian Congolese troops fought on the side of the Allies, notably in Ethiopia. Following the eruption of bloody independence riots in 1959, Belgium granted the Belgian Congo independence as the Republic of the Congo on June 30, 1960.

RULERS: Leopold II, 1885-1907 Belgium, 1907-1960

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Franc = 100 Centimes to 1967

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

État indépendant du Congo At the end of the 19th century, the Congo, with its

On the obverse side of the 10 franc banknote

territory 80 times bigger than Belgium, became the

figure featured Cupid with the horn of plenty, in

personal property of King Leopold II of Belgium.

a context alluding to the transport sector, industry

After the 1885 Berlin Conference, Leopold II was

and mining. On the reverse is a medallion depicting

internationally recognised as the sovereign of the

the head of a woman wearing a laurel leaf crown.

Congo Free State. In other words, he became the

Both sides bear the wording “Independent State

absolute sovereign ruler of the free State, with

of the Congo”. The front of the 100-franc notes

sovereignty being fully incarnated in the king’s

features a woman sitting on the shore amidst a

persona. At that time, the Belgian government did

batch of merchandise and holding a caduceus

not want a colony and therefore did not interfere

(the symbol of trade) and a steamboat at sea. In

in Congolese affairs.

the top right-hand corner is a lion lying down. On

Despite being aware that the use of banknotes

the other side, there is a medallion showing the

and coins as a means of payment would not go down easily, Leopold II decided to introduce them all the same. The Free State’s monetary system was set by Royal Decree dated 27 July 1887, which fixed the value of the Congolese franc as the equivalent to 1/3100 of a kilo of 9/10 fine gold. The Decree provided for the minting of coins. Some nine years later an additional decree, the Decree of 7 February 1896 provided for

head of a woman, wearing the Phrygian cap of freedom, strangely a symbol of the Republic (and French what is more). In this case too, both sides of the note bore the name “Independent State of the Congo”. The notes were payable to the bearer and could be exchanged at the General Treasury of the Independent State of the Congo, located at N° 10 rue de Namur in Brussels. There are very few banknotes left in their original state as most of

the first and only banknotes of the independent

them were destroyed by perforation.

State to be issued, with a face value of 10 and

The Independent State of the Congo banknotes

100 francs and for a total amount of 400,000

were subject to widespread criticism, because

francs. Immediately afterwards, Baron Edmond

their designer did not include on them the usual

van Eetvelde, who was Secretary of State at the

symbols of the continent or the country using the

time, signed a Decree limiting the issue to a total

note; apart from the words “Independent State

value of 269 850 francs (2,000 100 franc notes

of the Congo”, there was nothing to indicate that

and 6,985 10 franc notes). As a security feature,

it was a banknote from the Independent State

each note was given a letter from the alphabet

of the Congo. Moreover, these notes were not

as well as a number; furthermore, the notes

printed by the National Bank of Belgium, but by

were signed by Baron van Eetvelde and Henry

the London-based company Waterlow & Sons

Pochez, Treasurer. The 1887, 1896 (and later on

Ltd, specialised in printing notes and stamps. It

the 1906) Decrees gave the king a monopoly over

could be concluded that Belgium played no role

the minting of coins and issuance of the State’s

at all, because the National Bank did not print the

banknotes. From 1891 onwards, fixed exchange

banknotes, but orders for notes and coins were

rates were established.

actually placed through the National Bank. Other

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

than that, the banknotes inscriptions were only in French with no Dutch as it was in Belgium and the future colony’s notes.

Despite the introduction of these banknotes and coins, barter continued to be the main economic basis of trade. While coins were used for some kinds of transactions, this was never the case for banknotes: the value of the notes was simply too high to make small transactions and the Congolese had no confidence whatsoever in the paper money that was introduced. Moreover, the banknotes were not resistant enough to the very humid local climate.

The Congolese people had much more confidence in barter than in the Belgians’ paper money. Only a very small quantity of notes and coins were actually in circulation, so payment in kind was predominant. x55 Etat Independant du Congo, 10 francs, February 1896, red serial number 001540, black, pale orange and green, cherub with cornucopia at centre, value top left and right, two printed signatures below, reverse brown and green, maiden at left, value at right.

(Pick 1b), punch cancelled, about fine and rare Estimate £500-600

x56 Etat Independant du Congo, 100 francs, 7 February 1896, red serial number 01981, black and pale tan, maiden with caduceus and symbols of trade at left, kion top right, two printed signatures low right, reverse brown, head of Liberty at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 2b), ex Mel Steinberg. Punch

cancelled, about fine and rare Estimate £500-600

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61

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banque du Congo Belge Banque du Congo Belge (BCB), Bank of Belgian Congo was formed as a private bank on 11 January 1909 and on 7 July an agreement with the Belgium government was signed, granting the bank the privilege of issuing banknotes for the colony; in accordance, a royal decree was published on 18 July. The bank had opened five branches as follows, Matadi, Elisabethville, Kinshasa, Boma and Stanleyville. The Boma branch was replaced by the city capital, Leopoldville, new branch in 1923.

The first series was introduced in 1912 and included three denominations, 20, 100 and 1,000 francs; the notes were designed and engraved by Reichsdruckerei Berlin and printed by Banque nationale de Belgique, National Bank of Belgium.

The notes were issued by four of the five branches and overstamped with the branch name as following, Matadi, Elisabethville, Kinshasa and Stanleyville.

Starting in 1925 notes of Leopoldville branch were issued. From 1929 the series was issued with no branch indication. The series was in circulation for almost three decades replaced only in early-mid 1940’s.

Unlike the Congo Free State notes, Bank of Belgian Congo included French inscriptions on the obverse side and Dutch inscriptions on the reverse side.

The 1 and 5 franc notes were issued with the outbreak of the WWI as replacement for silver coins; 500 franc note was introduced in 1929 and unlike the other notes was printed by the American Bank Note Company. The 10 franc notes were introduced in 1938 and the 50 francs in 1942; the last was designed with same artistic frame work of the 500 francs note and both were the only to include the colony’s flag as featured on their obverse side. During WWII Belgium was under German occupation while the colony remained loyal to the Royal Government in exile, headquartered in London. As such banknotes could no longer be printed by the National Bank of Belgium in Brussels and notes were printed by British and American Printers. Waterlow & Sons printed the 5 and 10 francs and the 1944 100 and 1,000 francs; Thomas de la Rue printed the 1942 20 franc note; as the 500 franc note, the 50 francs were printed by the American Bank Note Company.

In 1942 a uniface 10,000 francs was issued for interbank use probably to overcome the financial function difficulties which arose during the war; apparently it was printed locally. A recent discovery is 2 franc note (Pick 12A) with no date but according to the signature combination and style was probably issued during 19423 to overcome the coinage shortage; it seems that this note was printed locally as well – refer to Spink World Banknotes, no. 13004, 10 April 2013, lot 128.

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Banque du Congo Belge Kinshasa, early 1900's

x57 Banque du Congo Belge, 1 franc, Elisabethville, 2 June 1920, serial number 861225, black and pale pink, maidenat left with allegorical symbols of harvest, two printed signatures at right, reverse pale red, value at left and right.

(Pick 3), original, almost very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ400-450

www.spink.com

63

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x58 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, Elisabethville, 2 April 1921, serial number E 1129296, black and pale blue, allegorical maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, reverse blue, elephant and hippopotamus at centre.

(Pick 4), ex Warburton collection. Fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ140-160 64

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x59 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, Kinshasa, 3 June 1920, serial number K 888743, black and pale blue, allegorical maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, reverse blue, elephant and hippopotamus at centre.

(Pick 4A), ex Warburton collection. An original

good very fine and attractive, rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ550-600

www.spink.com

65

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x60 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, Elisabethville, 2 December 1924, serial number A 368126, purple, pale green and pale blue, huts at left, star top centre, plants at left and right, reverse purple, pale green and pale blue, steamship right centre.

(Pick 8a), ex Mel Steinberg. A pleasing extremely fine thus rare Estimate ÂŁ1200-1,400

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x61 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, Leopoldville, 3 December 1924, serial number A 549668, purple, pale green and pale blue, huts at left, star top centre, plants at left and right, reverse purple, pale green and pale blue, steamship right centre.

(Pick 8b), ex Warburton collection.

Fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ220-240

x62 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, Matadi, 26 December 1924,serial number C 057472, purple, pale green and pale blue, huts at left, star top centre, plants at left and right, reverse purple, pale green and pale blue, steamship right centre.

(Pick 8c), ex Warburton collection.

Very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ180-220

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67

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x63 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, no place nane, 4 April 1930, serial number L 266529, purple, pale green and pale blue, huts at left, star top centre, plants at left and right, reverse purple, pale green and pale blue, steamship right centre.

(Pick 8e), very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ150-180

x64 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs, 10 September 1937, serial number A 000004, dark and pale brown, market scene, value at left, star at each corner, two printed signatures top centre, reverse dark and light brown, waterbuck at centre, value low right, star at each corner.

(Pick 9), ex Mel Steinberg. Slight foxing, otherwise extremely fine and rare especially in this grade and a superb very low serial number Estimate ÂŁ1,300-1,500

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x65 Banque du Congo Belge, 10 francs (2), 1937, brown.

(Pick 9), VG, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ120-160

x66 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, Kinshasa, 3 November 1920, serial number 015-U-758, blue green, allegorical female couple left centre representing Belgium and Belgian Congo, Ceres top left, reverse bluegreen, river scene, star at centre, red KINSHASA at centre.

(Pick 10b), ex Mel Steinberg. A fresh

and original extremely fine thus very rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ3,200-3,500

www.spink.com

69

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x67 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, no place name, 1 February 1929, serial number 161-H-199, blue green, allegorical female couple left centre representing Belgium and Belgian Congo, Ceres top left, reverse bluegreen, river scene, star at centre.

(Pick 10f), VG, scarce Estimate ÂŁ80-120

x68 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, no place name, 15 September 1937, serial number 188-V-586, blue green, allegorical female couple left centre representing Belgium and Belgian Congo, Ceres top left, reverse bluegreen, river scene, star at centre.

Pick 10f), ex Mel Steinberg. Fine and

scarce Estimate ÂŁ180-240

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x69 Banque du Congo-Belge, 100 francs, Leopoldville, 3 July 1927, serial number 012.D.780, green, dark blue, maiden at right, children at left holdind medallic portrait of Ceres, reverse native family, LEOPOLDVILLE in red at centre (Pick 11c), a pleasing fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ900-1,100 www.spink.com

71

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x70 Banque du Congo-Belge, specimen 1000 francs, ND (1920), no place name, no serial numbers, brown and green, allegorical figures and background of plants, medallic female head of Ceres top left, reverse blue-green and brown, maiden seated at left with lyre, falls and cockatoo at right, border of fruit, Size 185x108mm.

(Pick 12 for type), ex Warburton collection. Perforated ANNULE, red SPECIMEN overprint and red manuscript 1 low left, extremely fine, attractive and very rare Estimate ÂŁ3,200-3,500 72

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x71 Banque du Congo Belge, a uniface obverse proof on white card for a 5 francs, ND (ca 1941), green and white and pale tan, male head at centre, value at each corner (Pick unrecorded type), small hole above design, good very fine and possibly unique Though the proof has no date or printer identification, it could be assumed, base on its artistic design that it was engraved and printed by Wterlow & Sons as part of suggested WWII replacement notes. As mentioned, during WWII Belgium was under German occupation while the colony remained loyal to the Royal Government in exile, headquartered in London. As such banknotes could not be any longer printed by the National Bank of Belgium in Brussels. Wterlow & Sons printed the 5 and 10 francs and the 1944 100 and 1,000 francs; Thomas de la Rue printed the 1942 20 franc note; as the 500 franc note, the 50 francs were printed by the American Bank Note Company.

Estimate ÂŁ1,300-1,500

www.spink.com

73

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x72 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 June 1942, DEUXIEME EMISSION, serial number E 036682, red and pale green, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse red, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 13), small worm hole top centre

otherwise an original very fine, scarce Estimate £300-350

x73 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 January 1943, TROISIEME EMISSION, serial number J 969461, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, black date 1943, value at left and right.

(Pick 13Aa), good extremely fine Estimate £200-240

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x74 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 January 1943, TROISIEME EMISSION, serial number K 623788, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, black date 1943, value at left and right.

(Pick 13Aa), uncirculated thus scarce Estimate ÂŁ220-260

x75 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 August 1943, QUATRIEME EMISSION, serial number P 383687, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, black date 1943, value at left and right.

(Pick 13Ab), good very fine Estimate ÂŁ100-120

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75

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x76 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 March 1944, CINQUIEME EMISSION, serial number S 954032, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, black date 1944, value at left and right.

(Pick 13Ac), ex Mel Steinberg. Almost

uncirculated, scarce Estimate £300-350

x77 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 10 April 1947, SIXIEME EMISSION, serial number A/B 832700, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, black date 1947, value at left and right.

(Pick 13Ad), uncirculated Estimate £250-300

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x78 Banque du Congo-Belge, 5 francs, 18 May 1949, serial number B/D 992499, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 13B), very fine Estimate ÂŁ60-80

x79 Banque du Congo Belge, 10 francs, 1941, green.

(Pick 14), VG, scarce Estimate ÂŁ30-40

www.spink.com

77

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x80 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs, 10 December 1941, serial number E 337147, green, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse green and multicoloured, soldiers at right.

(Pick 14), ex Mel Steinberg. Uncirculated thus rare Estimate ÂŁ1,200-1,300

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x81 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs, 10 July 1942, QUATRIEME EMISSION-1942, serial number in red L 076009, brown, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse brown and multicoloured, soldiers at right.

(Pick 14Ba), ex Mel Steinberg. Almost uncirculated thus rare Estimate ÂŁ900-1,000

www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x82 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs (2), 10 July 1942, prefix in red N, brown, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse brown and multicoloured, soldiers at right, also 10 francs, 10 February 1943, prefix U, pink-purple, design as previous.

(Pick 14Ba,14C), VG (2) Estimate ÂŁ150-200

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x83 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs, 10 June 1944, QUATRIEME EMISSION-1944, serial number C 137369, blue-grey, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse blue-grey and multicoloured, soldiers at right, date 1944 at centre.

(Pick 14D), fresh, about extremely fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ350-400

x84 Banque du Congo-Belge, 10 francs, 15 August 1949, serial number A/K 772218, blue-grey, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse blue-grey and multicoloured, soldiers at right.

(Pick 14E), ex Mel Steinberg.

Extremely fine Estimate ÂŁ140-180

www.spink.com

81

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x85 Banque du Congo-Belge, a proof/ specimen 20 francs, ND (type of 1940), no serial numbers, blue and orange, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen at centre, palms at left and right, reverse blue and orange, two elephants at centre harvesting logs.

(Pick 15), good very fine, unusual and rare Estimate £220-260

x86 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, 10 March 1942, serial number E196602, purple and orange, DEUXIEME EMISSION - 1942 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen at centre, reverse purple, two elephants at centre harvesting logs, TWEEDE UITGIFTE 1942 at centre.

(Pick 15A), an original and fresh good very fine, scarce Estimate £320-360

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x87 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, 10 December 1942, serial number F631343, red-orange, TROISIEME EMISSION - 1943 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen at centre, reverse red-orange, two elephants at centre harvesting logs, 1943 at centre.

(Pick 15B), almost fine Estimate ÂŁ40-60

x88 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, 10 March 1943, serial number K319056, red-orange, QUATRIEME EMISSION - 1943 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen at centre, reverse red-orange, two elephants at centre harvesting logs, 1943 at centre.

(Pick 15C), ex Mel Steinberg. Almost uncirculated, rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ1,200-1,300

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83

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x89 Banque du Congo-Belge, 20 francs, 10 May 1944, serial number N730445, red-orange, CINQUIEME EMISSION - 1944 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen at centre, reverse red-orange, two elephants at centre harvesting logs, 1943 at centre.

(Pick 15D), good fine Estimate ÂŁ300-400

x90 Banque du Congo Belge, 20 francs, 10 April 1946, serial number T116814, blue and pink-orange, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen and canoe at centre, reverse blue and pink-orange, elephants logging at centre.

(Pick 15E), about very fine Estimate ÂŁ140-180

84

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x91 Banque du Congo Belge, 20 francs, 10 August 1948, serial number AJ132389, blue and pink-orange, SEPTIEME EMISSION-1948 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen and canoe at centre, reverse blue and pink-orange, 1948 at centre, elephants logging at centre.

(Pick 15F), very fine Estimate ÂŁ150-180

x92 Banque du Congo Belge, 20 francs, 18 May 1949, serial number AT127921, blue and pink-orange, HUITIEME EMISSION-1949 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen and canoe at centre, reverse blue and pink-orange, 1949 at centre, elephants logging at centre.

(Pick 15G), an original very fine Estimate ÂŁ100-120

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85

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x93 Banque du Congo Belge, specimen 20 francs, 11 April 1950, serial number BG000000, blue and pink-orange, NEUVIEME EMISSION-1950 at centre, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen and canoe at centre, reverse blue and pink-orange, 1950 at centre, elephants logging at centre.

(Pick 15H), black De la Rue oval in

field, scuffed at right otherwise a fresh extremely fine and rare Estimate £350-400

x94 Banque Du Congo-Belge, 50 francs, red serie A, 129703, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16a), very fine, scarce Estimate £200-240

86

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x95 Banque Du Congo-Belge, specimen 50 francs, 1949, red serie B00000, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16s), uncirculated, scarce Estimate ÂŁ400-450

x96 Banque Du Congo-Belge, 50 francs, ND (1943), red serie B, 884491, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16a), good fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ450-500

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87

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x97 Banque Du Congo-Belge, 50 francs, red serie D, 531841, EMISSION 1945, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at centre and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16c), very fine, scarce Estimate £200-240

x98 Banque Du Congo-Belge, 50 francs, red serie L, 793721, EMISSION 1949, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16g), ex Mel Steinberg. Good

very fine, scarce Estimate £400-450

88

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x99 Banque Du Congo-Belge, 50 francs, red serie O, 934160, EMISSION 1950, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 16h), ex Mel Steinberg. Fresh, original, extremely

fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ1,200-1,300

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89

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x100 Banque du Congo-Belge, 100 francs, 10 May 1944, serial number A145375, blue, green and lilac, no emossion at centre, value at left and low left and top right, boys riding elephants at centre, reverse blue oxen, 1944.

(Pick 17a), ex Mel steinberg. An

original fresh good extremely fine, rare in this grade Estimate £1,400-1,600

x101 Banque du Congo-Belge, 100 francs, 10 June 1944, serial number A522401, blue, green and lilac, DEUXIEME EMISSION - 1944 at centre, value at left and low left and top right, boys riding elephants at centre, reverse blue oxen, 1944.

17b), ex Tom Warburton collection. An original good very fine, scarce

(Pick

Estimate £300-400

90

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x102 Banque du Congo-Belge, specimen 500 francs, ND (1929), red serie 1 and zero serial numbers, black and multicoloured, woman top centre in circular frame, value at left and right, star low centre, reverse brown, elephants, river and hunter, value at left and right.

(Pick 18s), in PMG holder 66, EPQ. A rare type in black Estimate ÂŁ2,500-3,000

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91

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x103 Banque du Congo-Belge, specimen 500 francs, ND (1941), red zero serial numbers and additional red serial number F10928 top left, brown and multicoloured, woman top centre in circular frame, value at left and right, star low centre, reverse brown, elephants, river and hunter, value at left and right.

(Pick 18 Aa), ex Tom Warburton collection. Ink annotation, “ok for typing 11/12/42” at right, small perforations, red SPECIMEN overstamp, extremely fine , rare and attractive Estimate £900-1,000

x104 Banque du Congo Belge, a partial reverse proof for a 1,000 Francs, blue, uniface, elephants at water hole.

(Pick not listed), good extremely fine

and very scarce Estimate £40-60

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x105 Banque du Congo-Belge, 1,000 francs, 11 February 1946, serial number B43008, brown and multicoloured, three Warega tribesmen at left, star at right, reverse brown and yellow green, youth at right, Warega musicians at left.

(Pick 19b), ex Tom Warburton collection. A pleasing very

fine, very rare as an issued note Estimate ÂŁ1,800-2,000

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93

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x106 Banque du Congo Belge, colour trial 5,000 francs, ND (1950), no serial numbers, red-brown and multicoloured, young woman at left, river and canoe on the bank at right, orange star at centre, reverse purple, Watusi in dugout canoe at centre, Bank initials at right.

The note was never issued nor such denomination at all until the establishment of the Republic of Congo in 1960 and the issue of its new notes in 1963. The 5,000 francs (Congo Pick 3) was of the exact design but the colour which was gray-green..

(Pick 19A), ex Lawrence Pope collection. Perforated, small black

SPECIMEN overprint, uncirculated and very rare, attractive. This is the Pick plate note Estimate ÂŁ1,500-1,700 94

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x107 Banque du Congo-Belge, a die proof obverse and reverse 5,000 francs, ND (1950), black and white, woman at left, canoe on riverbank at right, reverse black and white, oarsmen and canoe at centre.

(Pick 19A for type), ex Tom Warburton collection. Margins trimmed to design, red crayon annotation ‘Cancelled June 1952’ across face, good very fine, very rare (2)

Estimate £450-500

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95

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x108 Banque du Congo Belge, specimen 10,000 Francs, 10 March 1942, black and pale green, value in words and figures at centre, uniface, overprinted SPECIMEN twice diagonally in red on obverse. The note was issued for interbank use probably to overcome the financial function difficulties arose during the WWII; apparently it was printed locally.

None are known today as issued notes.

This is one of the rarest banknotes of Africa and of European colonies in general.

(Pick 20), uncirculated and extremely rare Estimate ÂŁ4,000-6,000

96

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du RuandaUrundi Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, Central Bank of Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi was authorised by a decree on 30 July 1951, as a central bank. As a central bank it was given the only banknotes issuing privilege, replacing the charter given to the Bank of Belgian Congo. The latter became a commercial bank.

In 1952 new series was issued consist of notes for 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 francs, all with identical design of previous series but the bank’s name. In 1953 a newly designed notes were introduced including 20, 50, 500 and 1,000 francs. In 1955 a new 10 and 100 francs were issued, the last depicted for the first time ever the portrait of a Belgium monarch, the late king Leopold II; interestingly, at the same time, Belgium own 500 franc note (P-130) featured the portrait of king Leopold II at the obverse and Rubens’s painting Four Studies of the Head of a Negro on the reverse side. The previous Belgium 500 franc note (P-127) also featured the portrait of king at the obverse and Congo landscape scene on the reverse side. In 1956 a new 20 francs note was issued, followed by 50 and 500 franc notes in 1957 and 1,000 francs in 1958.The last was remarkable as it was the second note to depict the portrait of a Belgium monarch and the first time ever (and last) to depict a living king, King Baudouin.

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97

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x109 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 5 francs, 1 October 1952, serial number A087025, blue-grey and pale pink-red, maiden, cherub and beehive (Industry) at left, star right centre, value at each corner, reverse blue-grey, elephant and hippo in circular frame at centre, value at left and right; also a 10 francs, 1 July 1952, serial number B411164, blue-grey, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse blue-grey and multicoloured, soldiers at right.

(Pick 21,22), both ex Mel Steinberg.

Good very fine, and fine (2) Estimate ÂŁ200-240

x110 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 10 francs, 1 July 1952, serial number B055767, blue-grey, pink and pale blue, dancing Watusi at left, star, value and bank initials in field, reverse blue-grey and multicoloured, soldiers at right.

(Pick 22), fresh, soft crease othewise good extremely fine thus scarce Estimate ÂŁ600-650

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x111 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, specimen 20 francs, 1 July 1952, serial number BH000000, blue and pink-orange, canoe and seven Watusi oarsmen and canoe at centre, reverse blue and pinkorange, elephants logging at centre.

(Pick 23s), red SPECIMEN overprint,

small red numerals uncirculated and rare

top

right,

Estimate ÂŁ500-600

x112 Banque Du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urudi, an obverse uniface proof 50 francs, ND (type of 1952), no serial numbers, black and multicoloured, young girl at right, star top centre, value at left and at each corner, reverse black, leopard at centre.

(Pick 24 for type), mounted

on card, uncirculated and rare Estimate ÂŁ250-300

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99

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x113 Banque du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 100 francs, 15 December 1954, serial number K528352, blue, green and lilac, value at left and low left and top right, boys riding elephants at centre, reverse blue oxen.

(Pick 25a), an original good extremely

fine, rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ400-500

x114 Banque du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 100 francs, 15 December 1954, serial number J188239, blue, green and lilac, value at left and low left and top right, boys riding elephants at centre, reverse blue oxen.

(Pick 25b variety), ex Tom Warburton

collection. Pick states no watermark for this date but this note has a clear zebra head watermark. Central crease otherwise a fresh and original extremely fine, rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ600-700

100

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x115 Banque Du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urudi, 20 francs, 15 December 1953, serial number G523743, green, young girl at left, falls at right, star top centre, reverse green, warrior at right, the Queen Astrid laboratory at centre.

(Pick 26), VG Estimate ÂŁ50-70

x116 Banque Du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urudi, 20 francs, 15 April 1954, serial number P665477, green, young girl at left, falls at right, star top centre, reverse green, warrior at right, the Queen Astrid laboratory at centre.

(Pick 26), ex Mel Steinberg.

Uncirculated, rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ900-1,000

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101

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x117 Banque Du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urudi, 50 francs, 1 March 1955, serial number D 862022, green and lilac, young girl at left, orange star above, Watusi fishermen with net by falls.

Tom Warburton collection. Good very fine, a scarce type

(Pick

27b),

ex

Estimate ÂŁ600-650

x118 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, specimen 500 francs, 15 March 1953, serial number A000001-A200000, violet and orange and green, young girl top left, orange star at centre, falls low centre reverse violet, okapi, value at left and right, (Pick 28as), ink date 4/2/52 in top

margin, perforated, extremely fine and rare, a lovely design Estimate ÂŁ750-850

102

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x119 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 1,000 francs, 1 August 1953, serial number A069908, deep blue and multicoloured, male head at left, river scene low centre, orange star top left and right, reverse purple-brown, waterbuck at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 29a), very fine, handsome and scarce Estimate ÂŁ1,000-1,100

x120 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 1000 francs, 1 April 1955, serial number A965254, deep blue and multicoloured, male head at left, river scene low centre, orange star top left and right, reverse purple-brown, waterbuck at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 29b), quite fresh, about extremely

fine, handsome and scarce Estimate ÂŁ1,100-1,200

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103

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x121 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 10 francs, 15 September 1956, prefix U, blue and grey and pink, soldier at left, also 20 francs (2), 1956,1957, prefixes B and AH, green, young boy at left.

(Pick 30b, 31), first two almost

extremely fine, last note fine (3) Estimate ÂŁ120-140

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x122 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, specimen 20 francs, 1 June 1959, serial number AM00000, green and pale orange, young boy at left, reverse green, young girl and rapids.

(Pick 31s), red De la Rue seal,about uncirculated and scarce Estimate ÂŁ160-180

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105

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x123 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, a die proof obverse and reverse 50 francs, ND (type of 1957), black and white, man engraving fabric roll at right, also an issued example dated 1 June 1967, prefix K, red and multicoloured.

(Pick 32pr, 32), proof trimmed to

design,extremely fine, issued note about extremely fine (3) Estimate ÂŁ200-240

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x124 Banque Centrale du CongoBelge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 100 francs, 1 March 1957, serial number AC102166, dark green and multicoloured, King Leopold II at left, reverse grey-blue and brown, basket weaving at centre.

(Pick 33b), corner crease otherwise almost extremely fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ220-240

x125 Banque Centrale due Contgo-Belge et due Ruanda-Urundi, 500 franc, 1st October 1957, Prefix A, purple and multicoloured, dockside scene at centre, reverse multicoloured, canoe with fruit.

(Pick 34), ex Tom Warburton collection. Almost very fine Estimate ÂŁ120-140

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107

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x126 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, specimen 1,000 francs, 15 July 1958, serial number A000000, blue and lilac, King Baudouin at left, Leopoldville low right, reverse blue and lilac, huts at right.

(Pick 35s), ex Tom Warburton collec-

tion. Perforated, ink numeral top right, red SPECIMEN overprint, slight tape marks otherwise about extremely fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ350-400

x127 Banque Centrale du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 1,000 francs, 1 September 1959, serial number C480551, blue and lilac, King Baudouin at left, Leopoldville low right, reverse blue and lilac, huts at right.

(Pick 35), ex Tom Warburton collec-

tion. About extremely fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ350-400

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On May 27, 1967, Gen. Yakubu Gowon, head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria, created three states from the Eastern Region of the country. Separation of the region, undertaken to achieve better regional and ethnic balance, caused Lt. Col. E. O. Ojukwu, Military Governor of the Eastern Region, to proclaim on May 30, 1967, the independence of the Eastern Region as the “Republic of Biafra.” Only several countries recognised Biafra during its secession – Tanzania, Zambia, Gabon, the Ivory Coast, and Haiti – while a number of other governments expressed support for the Biafrans, amongst these being the French, Rhodesian, South African, and Portuguese. Portugal was an early supporter of Biafra, and

by October 1967 Biafra had established a private mission in Lisbon. Fighting broke out between the Federal Military Government and the forces of Lt. Col. Ojukwu and continued until Biafra surrendered on Jan. 15, 1970. Biafra was then reintegrated into the Republic of Nigeria as three states: East-Central, Rivers, and South-Eastern. For additional history, see Nigeria.

MONETARY SYSTEM: 12 Pence = 1 Shilling 20 Shillings = 1 Pound

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

The Bank of Biafra One of the first institutions to be created by the republican government was the Bank of Biafra, which was accomplished under ‘Decree No. 3 of 1967’ (also known as the ‘Bank of Biafra Decree, 1967’).

Under this decree the bank was to be administered by a board consisting of a Governor and not less than four Directors, who were to be appointed by the Military Governor. The Governor of the Bank seems to have been Sylvester U. Uqoh (as deciphered from the signature on the Biafran banknotes), but the identity of any other directors remains a mystery. Under the decree, the central office of the Bank of Biafra was to be in Enugu, which was the capital of the Republic.

However Enugu was one of the first casualties of the war, and the administrative centre of Biafra was moved to several locations (including Aba, Umuahia and Orlu) during the course of the war. The headquarters of the Bank of Biafra were known to be located in Port Harcourt in early 1968, but the town fell to federal troops on 19 May of that year, and the headquarters of the Bank were probably relocated several times due to the fluctuating fortunes of the Republic. Under a separate decree – ‘Decree No.4 of 1967’ (also known as the ‘Banking Decree, 1967’) – the Banking Act of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was adapted to suit the requirements of the Republic of Biafra. With these two decrees the financial framework of the Bank of Biafra was established, but there was still a more important problem to be faced – that of financing the war.

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The first banknote issue Although reports had appeared in the international press as early as June 1967 that Biafra intended to issue its own bank notes, it was not until 1968 that the first bank notes were introduced. There were only two denominations in the first issue, five shillings and one pound; the two notes of the first series have a common front, although they are different sizes and different colours. To the left of each note is a rising sun with a palm tree in the foreground, the value of the note is in a disc to the right, and the remaining areas of the note are covered with patterns imitating intaglio enginework (i.e. lines drawn by a geometric lathe).

There is also the usual text associated with any bank note – the name of the country, ‘Republic of Biafra’; the name of the bank, ‘Bank of Biafra’; the ‘promise to pay on demand the sum of ...’; and the value of the note, e.g. ‘five shillings’. The notes are signed by the ‘Governor’ and a ‘Director’ of the Bank of Biafra. On the back of the 5-shilling note is a picture of four Ibo girls, and surrounding the value of the note to the left is a ‘manilla’, a type of primitive money that was in use in Nigeria for hundreds of years. The back of the 1-pound note carries the Biafran coat of arms above a wreath and a ceremonial spear ‘Alo’ behind the disc in which the value of the note is held.

Bank, a white disc to the right of the note, and patterns imitating engine work surrounding the note.

The back of the 5-shilling note is very similar to the first issue; the back of the 10-shilling note uses the manilla in the same manner as the 5-shilling note and has a picture of an oil refinery – possibly the one at Port Harcourt; the 1-pound note is again dominated on the back by the coat of arms, but lacks the ‘Alo’ (spear) of the first issue. However the ‘Alo’ makes its reappearance on the back of the 5-pound note, this time having a white disc with the coat of arms laying over its shaft. Also on the back of the 5-pound note is a picture of a woman weaving on a hand loom. The 10-pound note has a male carver depicted on its back, as well as having the coat of arms in a white disc to the left. The notes of the second series are printed on non-fluorescing paper embedded with red and blue fibres. The use of this paper is the dominant security feature of the issue, however there is a very interesting attempt to use an early form of ‘micro printing’ on all notes of this series. The front of each note has a coloured pattern (around the outside of the central design) which contains very small print repeating the words ‘Bank of Biafra’ followed by the denomination of the note –

The second banknote issue

e.g. the 5-shilling note repeats ‘Bank of Biafra Five

Aware not only of the shortage of currency, but

Shillings’. The small print appears as continuous

also of the poor quality of the notes and lack of

lines, however the print is made less easy to detect

denominations, preparations were made for the

by being overlaid with a pattern of lines – the

introduction of a new series of notes, now with

pattern being different on each denomination.

four denominations; 5 and 10 shillings and 1, 5 and 10 pounds. It is not known exactly when these notes were introduced, but it was probably around February 1969. The common features are the rising sun (now a much smaller representation), the palm tree, the names of the Republic and the www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x128 Republic of Biafra, 5 shillings, ND (1967), £1 (2), ND (1967), 5 shillings (2), one with red serial number one without, 10 shillings, ND (1968), £1 (2), ND (1968), one with and one without serial numbers, £5, ND (1968) and £10, ND (1968), all with palm tree design.

(Pick 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a, 5b, 6b, 7b), generally uncirculated (10) Estimate £60-80 112

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The Republic of Botswana, located in south central Africa between Namibia and Zimbabwe has an area of 600,370 sq. km. and a population of 1.84 million.

Capital: Gaborone. The economy is primarily pastoral with a rapidly developing mining industry, of which diamonds, copper and nickel are the chief elements.

Meat products and diamonds comprise 85 percent of the exports.

Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country’s conservation practices and extensive nature preserves.

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Pula (Rand) = 100 Thebe (Cents)

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Bank of Botswana In April 1975, the Bank of Botswana and Financial Institutions bills were passed to legislate, respectively, for the establishment of a central bank and the framework to govern financial institutions that would fall under its supervision. The Bank of Botswana was formally established in July 1975, with Mr Hermans as the first Governor.

The Pula banknotes series At the time of independence in 1966, Botswana was a member of the Rand Monetary Area (RMA) and the South African rand served as the national currency.

However, with the decision, announced on September 6 1974, to withdraw from the RMA, the country was committed to introducing a new currency. Regarding the name, the choice of Pula (meaning ‘rain’ or ‘blessings’) as the basic unit made up of 100 thebe (‘shield’) was overwhelmingly supported by a poll of public opinion. Thomas de la Rue and Company and the Royal Mint, both from Britain, were chosen to design and supply the notes and coins, respectively.

The new national currency was launched on August 23, 1976, subsequently known as ‘Pula Day’. An initial period of 100 days was allowed for the exchange of rand for pula, during which time the parity between the two currencies was guaranteed.

At the time of launching the Pula, the denomination structure consisted of four notes (P1, P2, P5 and P10) and four coins (1t, 5t, 25t, and 50t).

The design of the currency has been consistently based on symbolic illustration of the socio-economic, political and cultural make-up of Botswana as a country, including the importance of democracy, tourism and mining. The design has been periodically reviewed both to improved security to counter forgeries and to make appropriate adjustments to the artwork. Regarding the latter, since the launch of the Pula in 1976, it had been the practice for all new notes to feature the portrait of the current president. However, since 1997 each denomination features a different portrait, with only the P10 note showing the current president.

On August 23 2009, exactly 33 years since the introduction of the Pula, a new family of Banknotes was introduced. This included a new P200 denomination note, bearing the image a woman teaching, reflecting both the importance of education and the contribution of women to national development.

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x129 Bank of Botswana, a specimen set of the ND (1976-1979) series comprising 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 pula, all arms at right, Sir Seretse Khana at left.

(Pick 1s-4s1, 5s1), perforated, SPECIMEN overprint, uncirculated and scarce (5) Estimate ÂŁ200-250

x130 Bank of Botswana, 1,5 and 10 pula, ND (1976), all Sir Seretse Khama at left, the 10 pula, green and multicoloured with signature 2.

(Pick 1, 3a, 4b), uncirculated, the 10

pula scarce (3) Estimate ÂŁ150-180

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x131 Bank of Botswana, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 pula, ND (1982-1983), all President Masire at left, all signature 3 except the 20 pula with signature 4.

(Pick 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10b), uncirculated (5) Estimate £70-90

x132 Bank of Botswana, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pula, ND (1992), all President Masire at left and signature 6a, also 10 pula , ND (1997), President Masire at left, signature 6a, also a 20 pula, ND (1997), red, signature 6a.

(Pick 11a-14a, 17a, 18a), uncirculated

(6) Estimate £80-90

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x133 Bank of Botswana, a selection of later issues (19992005), comprising 10, 20, 50(2),100 pula(3), Mogae, Motsete,Khama and Sebeli, Bathoen I and Khama III respectively.

[Pick 20a, 21a, 22a(2), 23a(3)], uncirculated, the 50 pula

a consecutive pair (7) Estimate ÂŁ80-100

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x134 Bank of Botswana, a selection of the more modern issues (2002-2009), comprising 10,20 pula, 2002, 10, 20, 50(2), 100 pula, 2005, also 200 pula 2009, also a Franklin Mint collectors series set with Maltese cross prefix (5 notes).

(Pick 24a, 25a, 26, 27b, 28a(2), 29b, 34, CS1), uncirculated (13) Estimate ÂŁ80-100

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British West Africa was an administrative grouping of the four former British colonies of Gambia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold Coast (now Ghana). All are now independent republics and members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. These four colonies were supplied with a common currency by the West African Currency Board from 1907 through 1962.

RULERS: British to 1952

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Shilling = 12 Pence 1 Pound = 20 Shillings

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

(British) West African Currency Board The (British) West African Currency Board was constituted in 1912 to control the supply of currency to the British West African Colonies; these now constitute Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone and Gambia. Whereas various silver and other metal coins had been in use in West Africa since the late eighteenth century; the coastline was unusual in the array of traditional forms of currency being used.

These included cowrie shells, manillas, gold dust, bars iron and cases of gin!

By 1910 the amount of silver coinage in circulation in the West African Colonies was almost equivalent to that in circulation in the United Kingdom and given the fact that cash transactions had practically replaced barter the British Government requested a committee to look into the best currency policy for the West African Colonies.

The first series The Board recommended issuing paper money determined that the first paper issues bearing the name of the Currency Board would be a 2, 10 and 20 shillings equal to one pound. One centre Lagos would initially be used for circulation. The notes were printed by Waterlow & Sons and were first issued on 11 July 1916; two months later the series was introduced into circulation in Gold Coast (Ghana) and Sierra Leone.

In 1918 the board could not meet the demand for silver coin based on the rapid turnaround in the economy after the WWI. The Bank of England had authorised the Board to print 21 million notes of one shilling denomination as an alternative.

It should be mentioned that although part of the West Africa colonies, Nigeria had to issued its own emergency notes (Nigeria Pick 1, 1A, 1B) as will be elaborated on the relevant chapter.

As early as 1919 it was realized that at the present stage of development West Africa was not ready for paper currency. Although the one pound note was popular with Europeans and in the larger towns, the 1 and 2 shilling notes designed for wider use met with dislike from the general public for which they were intended.

In addition the 5 pound note with the date 1 March 1919 was issued for use by banks and wealthy people, again lack of use resulted in withdrawal in 1923 (Pick remarking incorrectly that the note was never issued).

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x135 British West African Curency Board, 1 shilling, 30 November 1918, serial number C/9 867522, black text on redbrown paper, 1 shilling coin at centre, value low left.

(Pick 1a), ex Mel Steinberg. About uncirculated and rare in this grade Estimate ÂŁ650-750

x136 British West African Curency Board, 1 shilling, 30 November 1918, serial number L/9 864277, black text on redbrown paper, 1 shilling coin at centre, value low left.

(Pick 1a), Almost extremely fine and

scarce in this grade Estimate ÂŁ600-700

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

The second series This first series was largely driven by the widespread use of forgeries for the existing notes. As for that, the Board instructed to issue a revised series. The new notes were printed on better quality paper, printed on direct plate rather than a lithographic process and a watermark was added to the right hand side. The series was issued between 1928 to 1951. x137 British West African Curency Board, 10 shillings, 9 May 1941, serial number G/4 364421, green and pale brown and lilac, palm tree at centre, value at left, reverse Arabic text.

(Pick 7b), fine Estimate ÂŁ50-60

x138 British West African Curency Board, 20 shillings, 28 January 1949, serial number AD/4 394984, red and pale green, palm tree at centre, value at left, reverse Arabic text.

(Pick 8b), good very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ140-180

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x139 British West African Curency Board, 10 shillings, 31 March 1953, serial number A/H816956, green and pale brown and lilac, palm trees and river scene at centre, reverse green, agricultural scene at centre, value at each corner.

(Pick 9a), ink annotations, fine Estimate ÂŁ50-60

x140 British West African Curency Board, 10 shillings, 12 January 1955, serial number A/J161346, green and pale brown and lilac, palm trees and river scene at centre, reverse green, agricultural scene at centre, value at each corner.

(Pick 9a), ex Mel Steinberg. About

uncirculated, scarce Estimate ÂŁ450-500

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123

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x141 British West African Curency Board, specimen 100 shillings, 31 March 1953, serial number A/A00000, blue and multicoloured, palm trees and river scene, reverse blue, locals and coffee beans.

(Pick 11s), in PMG holder 55 about uncirculated,

EPQ, rare Estimate ÂŁ400-450

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The Republic of Burundi, a landlocked country in central Africa, east of Lake Taganyila has an area of 27,830 sq. km. and a population of 8.69 million. Capital: Bujumbura. Burundi has a predominantly agricultural economy. Coffee, tea and cotton are exported.

Full independence was achieved on 1July 1962. In the context of weak democratic institutions at independence, Tutsi King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng established a constitutional monarchy comprising equal numbers of Hutus and Tutsis. The 1965 assassination of the Hutu prime minister set in motion a series of destabilizing Hutu revolts and subsequent governmental repression. The monarchy refused to recognise gains by Hutu candidates in the legislative elections held in May 1965. In response, a group of Hutu carried out a failed coup attempt against the monarchy, which in turn prompted the killing of scores of Hutu politicians and intellectuals. In 1966, King Mwambutsa IV was deposed by his son, Prince Ntare V, who himself was deposed by his Prime Minister Capt. Michel Micombero in the same year.

He abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. A de facto military regime emerged and civil unrest continued throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Micombero headed a clique of ruling Hima, the Tutsi subgroup located in southern Burundi. Similar to 1965, rumors of an impending Hutu coup in 1969 prompted the arrest and execution of scores of prominent political and military figures. In June 1971, a group of Banyaruguru, the socially “higher up� subgroup of Tutsi located in the north of the country, were accused of conspiracy by the ruling Hima clique. On 14 January 1972, a military tribunal sentenced four Banyaruguru officers and five civilians to death, and seven to life imprisonment. To the Hima concerns about a Hutu uprising or Banyaruguru-led coup was added by the return of Ntare V from exile, a potential rallying point for the Hutu majority.

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Burundi’s first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi- dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre Nkurunziza, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country’s last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges.

RULERS: Mwambutsa IV, 1962-1966 Ntare V, 1966

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Franc = 100 Centimes

Banque du Royaume du Burundi Banque du Royaume du Burundi, Bank of the Kingdom of Burundi was established under a Bank Act dated 9April 1964 to replace Banque d’ Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB) due to the separation between Rwanda and Burundi. The bank started its operations as Bank of the Kingdom of Burundi on 19 May 1964, after the liquidation of the BERB. The Act 1964 was repealed by a new Bank Act of 21 January 1965 approving the Statute of the Bank of the Kingdom of Burundi.

The first series in circulation was the notes issued by BERB (Rwanda and Burundi Pick 1-7) overprinted BURUNDI on both sides of each note. By late 1964, new notes of the Bank of the Kingdom of Burundi were introduced into general circulation.

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x142 Banque D’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi, 10 francs, 5 October 1960, prefix R, grey, pale pink and blue, hippopotamus at left, red BURUNDI oveprint, reverse grey and white.

(Pick 2), extremely fine, scarce Estimate £300-340

x143 Banque D’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi, 20 francs, 5 October 1960, prefix N, green and pale tan, crocodile at right, black BURUNDI oveprint, reverse green and white.

(Pick 3), VG, scarce Estimate £50-60

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x144 Banque D’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi, 50 francs, 5 October 1960, prefix R, grey, pale red and lilac, lion at right at left, black BURUNDI oveprint, reverse red and white.

(Pick 4), very fine, scarce Estimate £300-320

x145 Banque D’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi, 100 francs, 31 July 1962, prefix M, blue and pale orange and pale green, left, red BURUNDI oveprint, reverse grey and white.

(Pick 5), fine, scarce Estimate £100-120

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x146 Banque du Royaume du Burundi, 5 francs1 May 1965, serial number G865582, brown and pale greygreen, locals harvesting at left, reverse brown and white, arms, also 10 francs, 31 December 1965, serial number P114414, brown and lilac and pink, cattle at centre, reverse brown and pale orange, arms at centre.

(Pick 8, 9), uncirculated (2) Estimate ÂŁ80-120

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banque de la republique du burundi Banque de la republique du Burundi (BRB), Bank of the Republic of Burundi, Following the proclamation of the Republic on 28 November 1966, the official name of the Bank became “Bank of the Republic of Burundi,” the initials “BRB “Remains unchanged (Decree-Law No. 1/60 of 28 April 1967 amending the law of 21 January 1965). In anticipation of the enactment of the Banking Act (Law No. 1/2, 3 January 1976), it made an update of the status of the BRB to bring them into line with the new legislation (Law No. 1/1, 3 January 1976 amending the law of 21 January 1965). Finally, the challenges of banking deregulation and financial innovation and liberalization of exchange, it became imperative to revise certain provisions of Law No. 1/1 from 3 January 1976 to establish the Institute of emission structures that allow it to fulfill its mission. It is in this context that the Law No. 1/036 of 7 July 1993 was issued and remains in force to this day.

x147 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, 500 francs, 1 August 1968, serial number A034091, brown on multicolour underprint, bank building at right, value at low left and top right.

(Pick 24a), ink graffiti on reverse in left margin, otherwise very fine Estimate £100-150 130

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x148 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, 5000 francs, 1 April 1968, serial number A035374, Blue, President Micombero in military uniform at right.

Back, loading at dockside.

(Pick 26a) very fine Estimate ÂŁ700-850

x149 Banque de la Republique du Burundi, colour trial 5000 francs, 1 April 1968, serial number A000000, purple and pale blue, President Micombrero at right, reverse purple, dockyard scene.

(Pick 26ct), in PMG holder 66, gem

uncirculated, EPQ, rare Estimate ÂŁ800-1,000

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131

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x150 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, a group of three uniface progressive proofs for the 50 francs, 1968, obverses (2), red, with drummer at left center, one with frame around the design the other with no frame; one reverse with the denomination and inscriptions at centre.

(Pick 22 for type), unusual and very rare (3) Estimate ÂŁ350-450

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x151 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, a group of six uniface progressive proofs for the 100 francs, 1968, obverses (4), brown, with Prince Louis Rawagasore at right, reverse (2) with the denomination and inscriptions at centre.

(Pick 23 for type), unusual and very rare (6) Estimate ÂŁ350-450 www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x152 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, a group of six uniface progressive proofs for the 50 francs, 1977, obverses (3), brown, with drummer at left center, reverse (3) with the denomination and inscriptions at centre.

(Pick 28 for type), ink annotation on obverse proofs including the date ‘April 77’, unusual and very rare (6) Estimate £350-450 134

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x153 Banque de la Republicique du Burundi, a group of six uniface progressive proofs for the 100 francs, 1977, obverses (4), brown, with Prince Louis Rawagasore at right, reverse (3) with the denomination and inscriptions at centre.

(Pick 29 for type), ink annotation on obverse and reverse proofs including the date ‘May 77’, unusual and very rare (7) Estimate £350-450 www.spink.com

135

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Lot No. x154

136

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Lot No. x154

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x154 Banque de la Republique du Burundi, a sizable group comprising 1,000 Francs, 1. 2. 1973, blue; 20 Francs (2), 1. 5. 1988, 5. 2. 1997, red; 50 Francs (3), 1. 5. 1988, 1. 10. 1989 (2), brown; 100 Francs (2), 1. 5. 1988; purple 1000 Francs (2), 1. 5. 1988, green; 5,000 Francs (2), 1. 9. 1986, purple; 10 Francs (3), 1. 6. 1981, 1. 10. 1989, 1. 10. 1991, green; 50 Francs (2), 19. 5. 1994, 5.

2. 1999, brown; 500 Francs, 5. 2. 1996, blue; 500 Francs (2), 1. 5. 1997, 5. 2. 1999, blue; 1,000 Francs (2), 19. 5. 1994, blue-green, 1. 7. 2000; 2,000 Francs, 25. 6. 2001, green and blue; 5,000 Francs (2), 5. 2. 1997, 5. 2. 1999, green; 10,000 Francs, 25. 10. 2004, multicoloured.

[Pick 25a, 27b, 27d, 28c (3), 29c (2), 31d (2), 32b (2), 33a, 33b (2), 36a, 36b, 37A, 38a, 38b, 39a, 39c, 40, 41, 42a, 43a], the Pick 25a about fine, one copy of Pick 32b fine, the remainder

about uncirculated to uncirculated and a useful lot (26) Estimate ÂŁ200-250 138

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The United Republic of Cameroun, located in west- central Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, has an area of 185,568 sq. mi. (475,440 sq. km.) and a population of 15.13 million. Capital: Yaounde. About 90 percent of the labour force is employed on the land; cash crops account for 80 percent of the country’s export revenue.

Cocoa, coffee, aluminum, cotton, rubber and timber are exported.

European contact with what is now the United Republic of Cameroun began in the 16th century with the voyage of Portuguese navigator Fernando Po. The following three centuries saw continuous activity by Spanish, Dutch and British traders and missionaries. The land was spared colonial rule until 1884, when treaties with tribal chiefs brought German domination. After Germany’s defeat in WWI, the League of Nations in 1919 divided the Cameroons between Great Britain and France, with the larger eastern area going to France. The French and British mandates were converted into United Nations trusteeships in 1946.

French Cameroon became the independent Cameroun Republic on Jan. 1, 1960.

The federation of East (French) and West (British) Cameroun was established in 1961 when the southern part of British Cameroun voted for reunification with the Cameroun Republic, and the northern part for union with Nigeria. On Nov. 1, 1995 the Republic of Cameroun joined the Commonwealth. Issues continue under Central African States.

RULERS: German to 1884-1914 France 1919-1960

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Mark = 100 Pfennig (1884-1914) 1 Franc = 100 Centimes since 1919

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Kaiserliches Gouvernement von Kamerun Schatzscheine On 5 July 1884, Germany had established a protectorate over Kamerun with a capital first at Buea and later at YaoundĂŠ. Within the resolving the Agadir Crisis of 1 July 1911 the Treaty of Fez was signed on 30 March 1912, the positions of Germany now included all of modern Cameroon as well as portions of Nigeria, Chad, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic.

During that time, German Reichsbanknoten and Reichskassenscheine were used in general circulation. Within the outbreak of WWI in Europe and the beginning of the Kamerun Campaign involved the British, French and Belgian invasion to German Kamerun on August 1914, the supply of notes from Germany was halted.

A local issue of Schatzscheine, Treasury notes, were issued by the Kaiserliches Gouvernement von Kamerun, Imperial Government of Kamerun; the notes were of 5, 50 and 100 marks (Pick 1-3) and circulated up to Spring of 1916 when the campaign ended in a defeat for Germany and the partition of its former protectorate between France and Britain. The notes were issued in Douala, which the capital of the protectorate until 1902, when the capital is moved to BuĂŠa, but remained the largest city and the place in which the administrative offices were.

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x155 Kaiserliches Governement, Treasury Notes, 50 mark, 12 August 1914, serial number 04260, black and red on grey-brown cardboard, arms at centre, value at each corner, two manuscript signatures below, reverse text.

(Pick 2b, this is the actual Pick catalogue note; ex Roger LeClerc collection and listed in his book “Les Billets Africains de la Zone Franc” p.300), light

central fold and some edge damage but overall very fine, scarce Estimate £220-260 www.spink.com

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Territoire de Cameroun With the defeat of Germany in World War I, Kamerun became under the military control of British and French administrative. In 1922 the League of Nations granted a mandate over the territory to both countries and it was split into French Cameroun and British Cameroons. Hence Cameroun was not integrated to French Equatorial Africa (AEF) but made a “Comissariat de la République autonome” (Autonomic Republic Commissioners) under French mandate.

In 1922 new currency notes were issued for the mandate territory of 50 centimes and 1 franc (Pick 3-4), mainly to overcome the shortage of coins of the same denominations and as an act of domain in the other hand. The notes were signed by the Republic Commissioner to the territory, Jules Carde (and not J. Lardy as Le Clerc suggested) and were in circulation for a short period afterward AEF were circulated.

x156 Territoire de Cameroun, 50 centimes, ND (1922), serial number 0031514, red and pale orange, value at centre and at left and right, reverse red and pale orange.

(Pick 4), almost uncirculated, fresh and

rare Estimate £900-1,000

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Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique Equatoriale et du Cameroun (BCEAEC) On 4 April 1959 Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique Equatoriale et du Cameroun (BCEAEC), Central Bank of the Equatorial African States and Cameroun was established. 100 francs note issued (Equatorial African States Pick 1-2). In 1960, an abortive attempt was made to form a union of the newly independent republics of Chad, Congo, Central Africa and Gabon. The proposal was discarded when Chad refused to become a constituent member. In 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroun became independent as the Republic of Cameroun under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The four countries then linked into an Equatorial Customs Unit, to which Cameroun became an associate member in 1961. The bank was renamed Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique Equatoriale (the title ‘et du Cameroun’ was dropped). Under the new bank common notes were issued for the four other states (Equatorial African States Pick 3-7) while Cameroun issued its own separate CFA; the first issue of 1,000, 5,000 franc notes (Cameroun Pick 7-8) were introduced. On 1 October 1961 the southern part of British Cameroons merged with it to form the Federal Republic of Cameroun; as for that the 5,000 francs was reissued, adding English inscriptions (Pick 9). Since then, English is used alongside the French. New notes were issued by the Central Bank in 1962 and 1972 (Cameroun Pick 10-14). x157 Republique du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, specimen 5,000 francs, ND (1961), zero serial numbers, purple and multicoloured, President Ahidjo at right, the ‘Chambre des Deputes’ in background, value top left and right, reverse multicoloured, logging fruit and flowers.

(Pick 8s), perforated, faint foxing otherwise extemely fine and a classic design, rare Estimate £600-700

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x158 Banque Centrale, Republique Federale du Cameroun, 5,000 francs, ND (1961), serial number O.177-641, multicoloured, President Adhijo at right, the ‘Chambres des Deputes’ in background, ornate ethnic background, reverse multicoloured, logging scene. This note was a reissued for its previous.

(Pick 8), adding English inscriptions, following the merger of southern part of British Cameroons with the republic on 1 October 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroun.

(Pick 9), a presentable and attractive about fine, rare Estimate £1,600-1,800 144

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x159 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, specimen 100 francs, ND (1962), zero serial numbers, multicoloured, the President at left, rock and landscape at right, reverse multicoloured, ships, also an issued example with serial number B.24-26760.

(Pick 10s, 10a), perforated, almost

uncirculated, the issued example very fine (2) Estimate ÂŁ100-120

x160 Banque Centrale, Cameroun, a specimen and an isued 100 francs, ND (1962), multicoloured, the President at left, countryside scene in background, reverse multicoloured, ships at dockside.

(Pick 10s,10), the specimen perforated, uncirculated and almost extremely fine, scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ300-350

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145

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x161 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, specimen 500 francs, ND (1962), zero serial numbers, multicoloured, man with oxen at centre, mountain at right, reverse multicoloured, men carrying bananas, truck and ships in background, value top left and right.

(Pick 11s), perforated, pinholes top left otherwise almost uncirculated, attractive and rare Estimate ÂŁ200-240

x162 Banque Centrale, Cameroun, 500 francs, ND (1962), serial number 000203212, multicoloured, farmer with cattle at left, reverse multicoloured, banana harvesting,truck and ships in background.

(Pick 11), about uncirculated and

attractive, rare Estimate ÂŁ900-1,100

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x163 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, 500 francs, ND (1962), serial number U.12-74680, multicoloured, man with oxen at centre, mountain at right, reverse multicoloured, men carrying bananas, truck and ships in background, value top left and right.

(Pick 11), fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ100-120

x164 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, specimen 1,000 francs, ND (1961), zero serial numbers, green and multicoloured, man with basket of cocoa pods, cocoa pods at left, value low centre and top left and right, signature 1A, reverse multicoloured, harvesting perforated, almost (Pick 12s),

uncirculated, attractive and rare Estimate ÂŁ300-400

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x165 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, 1,000 francs, ND (1961), serial number Z.17-92003, green and multicoloured, man with basket of cocoa pods, cocoa pods at left, value low centre and top left and right, signature 1A, reverse multicoloured, harvesting.

(Pick 12), extremely fine, attractive and

scarce Estimate £250-300

x166 Republique Federale du Cameroun, Banque Centrale, 5,000 francs, ND (1962), serial number H.153-919, purple and multicoloured, President Ahidjo at right, the ‘Chambre des Deputes’ in background, value top left and right, signature 1A, reverse multicoloured, logging fruit and flowers.

(Pick 13), very fine and rare Estimate £350-400

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Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC Cameroun The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroun on 20 May 1972.

On 22 November 1972, the Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC was established to replace the French Equatorial Africa Bank; it included Cameroun as one of its six members (the other five were Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo). New notes released into circulation starting in 1974 with a common design to each of the countries members and a national unique design on the front (Pick 15-20). In 1984 by a Presidential Decree it became the Republic of Cameroun. All issues of the BEAC carrying the country’s name in English as well, appeared as Cameroon.

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x167 Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (Cameroun), a partially hand executed essay on card for the obverse of a 1,000 francs, ND (1974), serial number A000000, blue and pink, President Adhijo at left (Pick unrecorded), unique On the lower left side of the card, appeared the date 4.2.74. It is reasonable to conclude that the essay was part of a process took place during 1974 in which several printers (in this case TDLR) had submitted suggested designs to the BEAC in order to decide of the printer of the new authority banknotes. Eventually it was the Banque de France who printed the notes just as it did previously. The actual 1,000 franc note (Pick 16) did not included the portrait of President Adhijo and he was depicted on the 5,000 and 10,000 francs only (Pick 16-17).

Estimate ÂŁ400-600

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x168 Republique Unie du Cameroun, 500 francs, 1983, pale red, woman and building, signature 12, 1000 francs (3), ND (1974),1978,1982, pale blue and multicoloured, girl, hut and mountain, signatures 5,10,12.

(Pick 15d, 16a, 16c, 16d), uncirculated (4) Estimate ÂŁ100-120 x169 United Republic of Cameroun, 1,000 francs, ND (1978), serial number O.1779407, blue and multicoloured, boy at right, house at centre, reverse blue and multicoloured, allegorical symbols of tradition and progress.

(Pick 16b), uncirculated and one of the

key notes for the series, rare Estimate ÂŁ450-500

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x170 United Republic of Cameroun, 5,000 francs, ND (1978), serial number C6 92739, yellow and multicoloured, man at left, mining scene at right, signature 12, reverse yellow-brown, allegorical symbols of tradition and progress.

(Pick 17c), uncirculated and another key notes for the series, rare Estimate ÂŁ900-1,100

x171 Republique Unie du Cameroun, 10000 francs, ND (1974), serial number Q.1-31705, green and multicoloured, President Adhijo at left, fruit and wood carving at right, signature 5, reverse pale green and multicoloured, tractor and ethic carvings.

(Pick 18a), uncirculated and scarce Estimate ÂŁ180-240

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x172 Republique du Cameroun, 1,000 francs, 1984, prefix R.39, pale blue, girl, hut and mountain, signature12.

(Pick 21), uncirculated Estimate ÂŁ20-30

x173 Republique du Cameroun, 5,000 francs, ND (1984), serial number B.002676208, brown and multicoloured, girl with basket of reeds at right, mask at left, village low centre, signature 12, reverse multicoloured, musical instrument, tractor and coal bucket, also 10,000 francs, ND (1984), serial number U.002-206507, green, woman at right, antelope heads at left, signature 12, reverse green, banana harvesting.

(Pick 22, 23), uncirculated, attractive (2) Estimate ÂŁ150-200

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x174 Republique du Cameroun, 5,000 francs, ND (1984), serial number K.001-105903, brown and multicoloured, girl with basket of reeds at right, mask at left, village low centre, signature 12, reverse multicoloured, musical instrument, tractor and coal bucket, also 10,000 francs, ND (1984), serial number U.002-206496, green, woman at right, antelope heads at left, signature 12, reverse green, banana harvesting.

(Pick 22, 23), uncirculated, attractive (2) Estimate ÂŁ150-200

x175 Republique du Cameroun, 500 francs, 1988, pale pink, ethnic objects at centre, also 1,000 francs (2), 1985,1989, pale blue, Omar Bongo at right (Pick 24a, 25, 26a), uncirculated (3) Estimate ÂŁ40-60 154

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The Republic of Cape Verde, is located in the Atlantic Ocean, about 370 miles (595 km.) west of Dakar, Senegal off the coast of Africa. The 14-island republic has an area of 4,033 sq. km. and a population of 427,000. Capital: Praia. Fishing is important and agriculture is widely practiced, but the Cape Verdes are not selfsufficient in food. Fish products, salt, bananas, coffee, peanuts and shellfish are exported.

The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one- party system was established and maintained until multiparty elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa’s most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde’s expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents.

RULERS: Portuguese to 1975

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Milreis = 1000 Reis = 20 Macutas to 1911 100 Centavos - 1 Escudo, since 1911

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banco Nacional Ultramarino Banco Nacional Ultramarino (BNU) (literally means Overseas National Bank) was established

by Francisco de Oliveira Chamiço, Portugal Minister of the Navy and Overseas in Lisbon on 16 May 1864, under a Royal Charter Act of King Louis I. For further details refer to Angola.

BNU in Cape Verde As it was in the case of Angola, the Cape Verde branch was opened as well in October 1865 in the capital city, Praia. Issues were identical but the overprint indicates the place of issue and in this case S. Thiago (São Thiago) the name of the main island composing Cape Verde. In 1894 BNU branch was opened in S. Vicente In 1921 the new Francisco Chamiço series “ISSUE CHAMIÇO”, overprinted CABO VERDE (and not S. Thiago) (Pick 32-38). In 1924, the lack of money in circulation in Cape Verde forced the BNU to release Broadcast Checks (Payable circulation checks) and to approve the use of old Reis notes as well as Mozambique and Portuguese Chamiço series, overprinted CABO VERDE (provisional series Pick 20-31). It should be emphasised that Pick listed wrongly the 1921 series and wrongly placed the 1924 provisional series as first.

In 1941 the higher denominations 50 and 100 escudo were reissued, probably due to the inflation caused over the WWII years.

The postwar issue was introduced in 1946 (Pick 41-46) followed by the 1958 series (Pick 4750), and the 1971/2 series (Pick 52-53A) which was the last to be issued under Portuguese rule.

x176 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 5 escudos overprinted on 1 escudo, 1 January 1921, red serial number A130844, green and pink, Chamico at left, ship seal at right, reverse green, maiden and ships, value at left and right A 1924 provisional issue, overprinted on Pick 32. While the denomination in words was overprinted with new denomination, including at the bank’s bottom seal, the numerals remained at their original.

(Pick 33), ex Mel Steinberg. Almost very fine, scarce Estimate £160-180

156

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x177 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 10 centavos, 5 November 1914, red serial number A3740561, purple and green, value at left, arms at right, green ship seal III at low centre, reverse blue and green and orange.

A 1924 provisional issue, overprinted on Mozambique Pick 59. The name of the original issuer could been seen in green under the CABO VERDE overprint.

20), ex Mel Steinberg.

Uncirculated, rare in this grade

(Pick

Estimate ÂŁ250-280

x178 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 5 escudos, 16 November 1945, serial number 648513, dark brown and lilac, Dias at right, ship seal at left, arms low centre, reverse green, liac and dark brown, maiden at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 41), in PMG holder 66, gem

uncirculated, EPQ. rare in issued format in this grade Estimate ÂŁ350-450

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157

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x179 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 500 escudos, 16 June 1958, serial number 281765, brown and pale green, Serpa Pinto at right, steamship seeal at left, value at centre and at each corner, reverse brown, maiden and ships at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 50), ex Mel Steinberg. Uncirculated and scarce Estimate ÂŁ250-300

x180 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 20 escudos, 4 April 1972, serial number 187212, green and lilac, Pinto at right, ship seal at left, arms at centre, also 50 escudos, 4 April 1972, serial number 1379682, blue, design as previous note.

(Pick 52a ,53a), fine and uncirculated, the 50 scarce (2) Estimate ÂŁ250-280

158

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x181 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Cape Verde, 500 escudos, 29 June 1971, serial number 000048, green and pink, Infante D’Enrique at right, arms at centre, reverse green, maiden and ships at centre, ship seal at left.

(Pick 53Aa), about uncirculated and

rare in this grade Estimate £350-400

Banco de Cabo Verde The Bank of Cape Verde was established on 1 July 1976. Its first banknotes series (Pick 54-56) was released into general circulation on 1 July 1977; the Cape Verde escudo was equivalent to the Portuguese escudo, and thus also divisible into 100 cents. In 1998 there was an agreement between Portugal and Cape Verde which set the Portuguese escudo equaled Cape Verde 55 cents. With the introduction of the euro in 2002, the Cape Verde escudo was fixed to the latter.

x182 Banco de Cabo Verde, 100 escudos, red, 500 escudos, blue, 1,000 escudos, brown, all dated 20 January 1977, A Cabral at right.

(Pick 54, 55, 56), uncirculated (3) Estimate £50-60

www.spink.com

159

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x183 Banco de Cabo Verde, a group of six uniface progressive proofs for the obverse 100 escudos, 1977, red, A Cabral at right.

(Pick 54 for type), unusual and very rare (6) Estimate ÂŁ300-350 160

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x184 Banco de Cabo Verde, a group of five uniface progressive proofs for the obverse 500 escudos, 1977, blue, A Cabral at right.

(Pick 55 for type), unusual and very rare (10) Estimate ÂŁ300-350 www.spink.com

161

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x185 Banco de Cabo Verde, a group of eight uniface progressive proofs for the obverse 1,000 escudos, 1977, brown, A Cabral at right.

(Pick 56 for type), unusual and very rare (8) Estimate ÂŁ300-350 162

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

Lot No. x186

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163

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x186 Banco de Cabo Verde, a set of the 1989 series comprising 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2,500 escudos, 200, 500 escudos, 1992, 1,000 escudos, 2,002, ,2000 escudos 1999, 5,000 escudos, 200 escudos (2), 2005, 500 escudos, 2007 and 1,000 escudos, 2007.

(Pick 57-61a, 63, 64a, 65b, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70), uncirculated (14) Estimate ÂŁ100-120

164

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The Central African Republic, a landlocked country in Central Africa, bounded by Chad on the north, Cameroon on the west, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo on the south, and The Sudan on the east, has an area of 622,984 sq. km. and a population of 4.44 million. Capital: Bangui. Deposits of uranium, iron ore, manganese and copper remain to be developed. Diamonds, cotton, timber and coffee are exported.

The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade.

President Ange-Felix Patasse’s civilian government was plagued by unrest, and in March 2003 he was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois Bozize, who established a transitional government. Though the government has the tacit support of civil society groups and the main parties, a wide field of candidates contested the municipal, legislative, and presidential elections held in March and May of 2005 in which General Bozize was affirmed as president. The government still does not fully control the countryside, where pockets of lawlessness persist. Unrest in neighboring nations, Chad, Sudan, and the DRC, continues to affect stability in the Central African Republic as well. It is a member of the “Union Monetaire des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale.”

See also Central African States, Equatorial African States, and French African States.

RULERS: Emperor J. B. Bokassa I, 1976-79

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Franc = 100 Centimes

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC Central African Republic/Empire On 22 November 1972, the Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC was established to replace the French Equatorial Africa Bank; it included Central African Republic as one of its six members (the other five were, Cameroun, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo). New notes released into circulation starting 1974 with a common design to each of the countries members and a national unique design on the front (Pick 1-4). All notes featured President Bokassa who declared himself President for Life in 1972. On 4 December 1976, Bokassa instituted a new constitution and declared the republic a monarchy, the Central African Empire. The following year, he issued an imperial constitution, announced his conversion back to Catholicism and had himself crowned “S.M.I. Bokassa 1er“, with S.M.I. standing for Sa Majesté Impériale: “His Imperial Majesty”, in a formal coronation ceremony on 4 December 1977.

Hence new Imperial notes were issued (Pick 5-8).

In 1979 France carried out a coup against Bokassa and the country was subsequently restored to Central African Republic.

166

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x187 Banque des Etats de L’Afrique Centrale, 500 Francs, ND (197476), lilac-brown and multicoloured, President Bokassa at right, landscape at centre, reverse students in laboratory.

(Pick 1), uncirculated Estimate £200-250

x188 Banque des Etats de L’Afrique Centrale, 1,000 Francs, ND (1974), blue and multicoloured, President Bokassa at right, rhino at left, reverse mask at left, trains and planes at centre, carving at right.

(Pick 2), uncirculated and scarce Estimate £300-400

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167

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x189 Empire Centrafricain, 5,000 Francs, ND (1979), multicoloured, President Bokassa at right, combine harvester at centre, men hoeing at left, reverse mask at left, buildings at centre, statue at right; 10,000 Francs ND (1978), President Bokassa at right sword hilts at centre, reverse tractor ploughing at centre, carvings at left and right.

(Pick 7, 8), good fine (2) Estimate ÂŁ300-350

168

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x190 Empire Centrafricain, 10,000 Francs, ND (1978), multicoloured, President Bokassa at right, sword hilts at centre, reverse tractor ploughing at centre, carvings at left and right.

(Pick 8), pressed, otherwise extremely fine and

very scarce Estimate ÂŁ260-340

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169

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x191 Banque des Etats de L’Afrique Centrale, a group comprising 500 Francs, 1 July 1980, red and multicoloured, woman at right, reverse laboratory; 5,000 Francs, 1 January 1980, girl at left, village scene at centre, reverse man smoking pipe at right; 5,000 Francs, ND (1984), signature 14, brown and multicoloured, woman with bundle at right, reverse tractor and conveyor belt; 10,000 Francs, ND (1983), green and multicoloured, woman at right, reverse loading fruit; 500 Francs, 1 January 1987, multicoloured, carving and jug, reverse man carving mask; 1,000 Francs, 1 January 1985, and 1 January 1990. blue and multicoloured, Kolingba at right, reverse elephant and statue.

(Pick 9, 11, 12b, 13, 14c, 15, 16),

Pick 11 about very fine, the remainder uncirculated and a useful lot (7) Estimate ÂŁ200-250

170

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Central African States The Bank of the Central African States (BEAC) is a regional central bank for the monetary and customs union formed by Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and (since 1985) Equatorial Guinea. It succeeded the Equatorial African States Bank in 1972-73 when the latter was reorganized and renamed to provide greater African control over its operations. The seat of the BEAC was transferred from Paris to Yaounde in 1977 and an African governor assumed responsibility for direction of the bank in 1978. The BEAC is a member of the franc zone with its currency denominated in CFA francs and pegged to the French franc at a rate of 50-1. BEAC notes carry country names on the face and the central bank name on the back. The 1974-84 series had common back designs but were face-different. A new series begun in 1983-85 uses common designs also on the face except for some 1000 franc notes. The notes carry the signatures of LE GOUVERNEUR (LE DIRECTEUR GENERAL prior to 1-4-78) and UN CENSEUR (since 1972). Cameroun, Gabon, and France each appoint one censeur and one alternate. Cameroon and Congo notes carry the Cameroun censeur signature.

Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon notes carry the Gabon censeur signature. Chad notes have been divided between the two.

Prior to 1978, all BEAC notes were printed by the Bank of France. Since 1978, the 500 and 1000 franc notes have been printed by the private French firm F. C. Oberthur. The Bank of France notes are engraved and usually undated. The F. C. Oberthur notes are lithographed and most carry dates.

Unlike the 1974 – 1991 issues which included one side of national design, starting 1993 notes were uniform, identified by a control / code letter. In 2002 the control letters were rearranged.

CÖšontrol / code letter Country

1993-2001

2002 Onward

Cameroun

E

U

Central African Republic

F

M

Chad

P

C

Congo

C

T

Equatorial Guinea

N

F

Gabon

L

A

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Congo: C (1993-2001); T (2002 onwards) x192 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Congo, a group comprising 500 francs, 1,000 francs, 2,000 francs, 5,000 francs, 10,000 francs(3), all ND (ca.1994), all C in field.

(Pick 101Ca, 102Ca, 103Cb, 104Ca, 105Ca(2), 105Cf),

uncirculated (7) Estimate £200-250

172

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x193 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Congo, 1,000 francs, blue, 2,000 francs, red, 5,000 francs, green and 10000 francs, purple, all ND (2002), all with T in field, signature 19.

(Pick 107T-110T), uncirculated (4) Estimate ÂŁ40-50

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173

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Cameroun: E (1993-2001); U (2002 onwards) x194 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Cameroun, a group comprising 500 francs (2), 1,000 francs (2), 2,000 francs (2), 5,000 francs, 10,000 francs, all ND (ca.1994), all E in field.

(Pick 201Ed, 201Eg, 202Eb, 202Ef, 203Ea, 203Ed, 204Ea, 205Eg),

uncirculated (8) Estimate £150-170

x195 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Cameroun, 500 francs, brown, 1,000 francs, blue, 2,000 francs, red, 5,000 francs ,green, 10,000 francs, lilac, all 2002 and U in field.

(Pick 206U, 207U, 208U, 209U, 210U), uncirculated (5) Estimate £40-60

174

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Central African Republic: F (1993-2001); M (2002 onwards) x196 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Central African Republic, a group of issues for comprising 500 francs, 1,000 francs (2), 2,000 francs, 5,000 francs, 10,000 francs, all ND (ca.1994), all F in field.

(Pick 301Ff, 302Fb, 302Ff, 303Fe, 203Ed, 304Fe, 305Fga), uncirculated

(6) Estimate £150-170

x197 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Central African Republic, 500 francs , brown, 1,000 francs, blue, 2,000 francs, red, 5,000 francs ,green, 10,000 francs, lilac, all 2002 and M in field.

(Pick 306M, 307M, 308M, 309M, 310M), uncirculated (5)

www.spink.com

175

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Gabon: L (1993-2001); A (2002 onwards) x198 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Gabon, a group comprising 500 francs (2), 1,000 francs, 2,000 francs (2), 5,000 francs (2), 10,000 francs, all ND (ca.1994), all L in field.

(Pick 401Lb, 401L?, 402Lc, 403La, 403L(2), 404Lg (2), 405Lc),

uncirculated (8) Estimate £150-170

x199 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Gabon, 500 francs , brown, 1,000 francs, blue, 2,000 francs, red, 10,000 francs, lilac, all 2002 and A in field.

(Pick 406A, 407A, 408A, 410A),

uncirculated (4) Estimate £40-60

176

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Equatorial Guinea: N (1993-2001); F (2002 onwards) x200 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Equatorial Guinea, 500 francs (2), brown, 1000 francs, green, 2,000 francs, orange-red, 5,000 francs, brown and lilac, 10,000 francs, blue, 1993-2000, all have N in field.

(Pick 501Nc, 502Nd, 503Nc, 504Nb, 505Nb),

uncirculated (6) Estimate £80-120

www.spink.com

177

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Chad: P (1993-2001); C (2002 onwards) x201 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Chad, 500 francs (2), brown, 1,000 francs, green, 2,000 francs, orange-red, 5,000 francs, brown and lilac, 10,000 francs, blue, all 19941999, all P in field.

(Pick 601Pd, 602Pd, 603Pd, 604Pe, 605Pe), uncirculated (6) Estimate £100-140

x202 Banque Des Etats De L’Afrique Centrale, Chad, 1,000 francs , blue, 2,000 francs, red, 5,000 francs ,green, 10,000 francs, lilac, all 2002, signature 19 and C in field.

(Pick 607C, 608C, 609C, 610C),

uncirculated (4) Estimate £40-60

178

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Chad The Republic of Chad, a landlocked country of central Africa, is the largest country of former French Equatorial Africa. It has an area of 1.284 million sq.

A km. and a population of 10.11 million. Capital. N’Djaména. An expanding livestock industry produces camels, cattle and sheep. Cotton (the chief product), ivory and palm oil are important exports. Chad, part of France’s African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad, despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss Deby held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007, and the capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008.

For later issues, see Central African States.

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Franc = 100 Centimes

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC Chad On 22 November 1972, the Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale, BEAC was established to replace the French Equatorial Africa Bank; it included Chad as one of its six members (the other five were, Cameroun, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo). New notes released into circulation starting 1974 with a common design to each of the countries members and a national unique design on the front, starting with 10,000 francs (Pick 1) featuring President François Tombalbaye who ruled as a dictator until his deposition and assassination by members of the Chadian military in 1975.

180

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OCTOBER 4, 2013 - LONDON

x203 Republique du Tchad, 10,000 francs ND (1971).

Multicolor. President Tombalbaye at left, cattle watering at center right, signature 1. Back: Mask at left, tractor plowing at center, statue at right.

(Pick 1), good very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ600-800

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181

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x204 Republique du Tchad, 500 francs, ND (1974), prefix L.3, red and multicoloured, man at left, birds on a lake, reverse red and mullticoloured, tribal masks and school scene, also 1,000 francs, ND (1978), prefix X.3, blue and multicoloured, man at right, cotton picking, reverse blue, tribal artworks and symbols of Industry and progress, also 5,000 francs, ND 91978), prefix V.3, orange-red and multicoloured, girl at left, loom at right, signature 9, reverse tribal artwork and mining and logging scenes (Pick 2a, 3a, 5b), uncirculated and

creased extremely fine and good very fine (3) Estimate ÂŁ60-100

x205 Republique du Tchad, 1,000 francs, ND (1978), prefixes R,U,Y,Z, blue and multicoloured, man at right, cotton picking at centre, signatures 5, 7, 8 and 10, reverse pale blue and multicoloured, allegorical symbols of tradition and progress.

(Pick 3a,b (2),c), all three types and

all four signature varieties, signature 7 lightly pressed otherwise uncirculated, scarce (4) Estimate ÂŁ350-450

182

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x206 Republique du Tchad, specimen 1,000 francs, ND (1978), zero serial numbers, blue and multicoloured, man at right, cotton picking at centre, reverse pale blue and multicoloured, allegorical symbols of tradition and progress.

(Pick 3 for type), unsigned, about

uncirculated and rare Estimate ÂŁ300-400

x207 Republique du Tchad, 5,000 francs ND (1974). Multicolor. President Tombalbaye at left, cattle watering at center right, signature 1. Back: Mask at left, tractor plowing at center, statue at right.

(Pick 4), good very fine, scarce Estimate ÂŁ300-400

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183

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x208 Republique du Tchad, 5,000 francs, ND (1974), serial number B.1-37594, orange and multicoloured, Prsident Tombalbaye at left, loom at right, reverse pale orange-brown, allegorical symbols of tradition and progress.

(Pick 4), Tombalbaye was assasinated

in 1975 thus this a short lived issue, an original good very fine and rare Estimate ÂŁ500-600

x209 Republique du Tchad, 500 francs, 1 June 1980, prefix W.9, pale red and multicoloured, woman and basket at right, signature 10, reverse red, tribal artwork and school scene, also 1.000 francs, 1 June 1984, prefix V.15, pale blue and multicoloured, buffalo at right, signature 9, reverse blue, tribal artwork and symbols of progress, also 500 francs, 1 January 1986, prefix L.02, pink-orange and multicoloured, tribal artwork at centre, signature 10, reverse pink-orange, local artisan.

(Pick 6,7,9), uncirculated (3) Estimate ÂŁ50-70

184

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x210 Republique du Tchad, 5,000 francs, 1978, serial number P.1-87556, multicoloured, market scene, reverse multicoloured, man with pipe, allegorical scenes of progress and industry.

(Pick 8), uncirculated and a striking

design, rare Estimate ÂŁ400-500

x211 Republique du Tchad, 100 francs (2), 1 January 1992, pale blue and multicoloured, map and tribal art, signature 15, reverse pale blue and lilac, elephant and giraffe, tribal statue at right, also 5.000 francs, ND (1984), prefix D.001, yellow and multicoloured, woman with basket at right, tribal mask at left, reverse multicoloured, tractor, musical instrument and mining scene.

(Pick 10Ac, 11), uncirculated (3) Estimate ÂŁ60-80

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185

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x212 Republique du Tchad, 10,000 francs, ND (1984), serial number A.1-038148, green and multicoloured, woman at right, antelope masks at left, reverse green and multicoloured, banana harvesting scene.

(Pick 12a), uncirculated and a very

striking note, lovely Estimate ÂŁ100-150

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Congo Democratic Republic The Congo Democratic Republic (formerly ZaiĚˆre and usually referred to as Congo-Kinshasa in order to distinguish it from Congo Republic which is referred to as Congo-Brazzaville) is located in the south-central part of Africa, has an area of 2.345 million sq. km. and a population of 66.51 million. Capital: Kinshasa.

The mineral- rich country produces copper, tin, diamonds, gold, zinc, cobalt and uranium.

Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, it gained its independence in 1960, officially named the Republic of the Congo but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph Mobutu seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to Mobutu Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. Mobutu retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through the use of brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from fighting in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the Mobutu regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent Kabila. He renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support Kabila’s regime. A ceasefire was signed in July 1999 by the DRC, Congolese armed rebel groups, Angola,

THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe but sporadic fighting continued.

Laurent Kabila was assassinated in January 2001 and his son, Joseph Kabila, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying eastern Congo; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up in July 2003. Joseph Kabila as president and four vice presidents represented the former government, former rebel groups, the political opposition, and civil society. The transitional government held a successful constitutional referendum in December 2005 and elections for the presidency, National Assembly, and provincial legislatures in 2006. Kabila was inaugurated president in December 2006. The National Assembly was installed in September 2006. Its president, Vital Kamerhe, was chosen in December. Provincial assemblies were constituted in early 2007, and elected governors and national senators in January 2007. A change to a Francs-Congolese currency has been considered, but meanwhile “hard” currencies such as U.S. dollars circulate freely.

MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Franc = 100 Centimes to 1967 1 Zaïre = 100 Makuta, 1967-71 1 Franc = 100 Centimes, 1997-

Conseill Monetaire de la Republique du Congo Conseill Monetaire de la Republique du Congo, the Monetary Council of Republic of Congo, was established on 3 October 1960 as a successor of the Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi in the new Republic of the Congo, after its separation from Ruanda and Burundi. Its mission was to fulfill the monetary needs until the establishment of a central bank. During 1962 1,000 franc notes issued by the Central Bank of Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi were overprinted with the Monetary Council’s name and released into general circulation. In 1963, the Monetary Council issued its first banknotes, a 100 franc note and 5,000 franc notes (Pick 3) based on the design of Belgian Congo 1950 5,000 francs (Pick 19A).

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x213 Conseill Monetaire de la Republique du Congo, 100 francs, 7 June 1963, serial number AE831015, green and pink, dam at left, reverse green, dredger at right, value at left.

(Pick 1a), uncirculated Estimate ÂŁ120-140

x214 Conseill Monetaire de la Republique du Congo, 1,000 francs, 15 February 1962, serial number CM4750184, blue and pale pink, male head at left, river scene low centre, value at each corner, reverse pale purple-pink, waterbuck at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 2a), extremely fine and a handsome

note, scarce Estimate ÂŁ180-220

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x215 Conseill Monetaire de la Republique du Congo, 5,000 francs, 1 December 1963, serial number A122175, green and orange, young maiden at left, canoes on river bank at right, orange star at centre, reverse green, oarsmen and canoe at centre, value at left and right.

(Pick 3a), ex Mel Steinberg. Almost very fine and very rare as an

issued note Estimate ÂŁ2,000-2,200

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Banque Nationale du Congo Banque Nationale du Congo was established as the country’s central bank on 23 February 1961 but it wasn’t until 22 June 1964 that the bank had actually began to operate. The bank’s first series was released during 1964-5 (Pick 4-8) though the dates on the notes are starting in 1961 which the actual date of which the denomination was approved. x216 Banque Nationale du Congo, 20 francs, 15 August 1962, serial number HA410315, blue-green and brown, woman seated at right, value at left, revese blue-green, tree at centre with date in roots 30 JUIN 1960.

(Pick 4a), uncirculated Estimate £60-80

x217 Banque Nationale du Congo, 100 francs, 1 March 1963, serial number A/15-848661, blue-green and pink, lion at left, reverse blue-green, value and bank title.

(Pick 5a), uncirculated and scarce Estimate £150-180

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x218 Banque Nationale du Congo, 100 francs, 15 November 1961, serial number K414818, brown and multicoloured, Kasavubu at left, cranes at right, reverse brown and pale blue, also a 1,000 francs, 15 December 1961, serial number G122574, blue and multicoloured, Kasavubu at left.

(Pick 6a, 8a), extremely fine and almost

very fine( 2) Estimate ÂŁ100-120

x219 Banque Nationale du Congo, 500 francs, 15 October 1961, serial number A/1-870312, purple and pale blue, mask at left, reverse purple, value and bank title.

(Pick 7a), ex Mel Steinberg. Uncirculated Estimate ÂŁ120-140

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The zaïre The zaïre was introduced by the Banque Nationale du Congo in 1967, replacing the Congolese franc at an exchange rate of 1 zaïre = 1,000 francs. The zaïre was subdivided into 100 makuta; hence 1 makuta was worth 10 francs.

New notes for 10, 20 and 50 makuta (100, 200 and 500 francs worth respectfully) and 1 and 5 zaïres (also shown as 100 and 500 makuta). In 1971, 5 and 10 zaïre notes were introduced which later on issued at the same design but under the Banque Nationale du Zaïre.

x220 Banque Nationale du Congo, 10 makuta, 1970, blue-green, 20 makuta, 1967, brown and blue-green, also 50 makuta, 1970, red, the 10 and 50 Mobutu at right, the 20 Lumumba at right.

(Pick 9a, 10a, 11a), VF, EF and F

respectively (3) Estimate £100-120

x221 Banque Nationale du Congo, 1 zaire, 1 October 1970, prefix CK, pink-brown, also 5 zaires, 24 November 1967, prefix C, green and multicoloured, both Mobutu at right.

(Pick 12b, 13b), ex Mel Steinberg

collection. Uncirculated and good extremely fine (2) Estimate £120-140

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THE IBR AHIM SALEM COLLECTION OF AFRICAN BANKNOTES - PART I

x222 Banque Nationale du Congo, 5 zaires, 24 November 1971, serial number B 0213658A, green and multicoloured, Mobutu at left, value and leopard at right centre, reverse green, carving and hydro-electric dam.

(Pick 14a), ex Mel Steinberg. Uncirculated and

scarce Estimate ÂŁ200-250

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Banque Centrale du Congo With the establishment of the Condo Democratic Republic in 1997, the bank was renamed Banque Centrale du Congo and a new franc was introduced on 1 July 1998, replacing the za誰re at an exchange rate of 1 franc = 100,000 (new) za誰res.

The franc was subdivided into 100 centimes; hence 1 centime was worth 1,000 (new) za誰res.

The notes were of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 centimes and 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 francs (Pick 80-90A).

x223 Banque Centrale du Congo, a set of the 1997 series comprising 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 (2) centimes, 1, 5, 10(3), 20(3), 100 francs, various animals and local scenes and masks.

(Pick 80a, 81a, 82a, 83a, 84a, 85a, 86a 87a, 88a, 90a), uncirculated (15) Estimate 贈100-120 www.spink.com

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x224 Banque Centrale du Congo, 50 and 100 francs, 2,000, 10, 20(2), 200 and 500 francs, 2000- 2003, animals and local scenes.

(Pick 91, 92, 93, 94, 94A, 95, 96), uncirculated (7) Estimate ÂŁ60-80

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Please use the link below to continue to Part 2 of the catalogue: http://issuu.com/spinkandson/docs/13037_2?e=2874488/4303952