St Edmund Hall Magazine 1933-34

St. Edmund Hall Magazine

1

933

OXF ORD

THE HOLYWELL PRESS, ALFRED STREET

H:\LL GRO

P, 193 3.

KEY TO THE H A LL G RO U P, 1933 .

Th e 11ames are g i-;.•e 11 /r um l e/I to ·r ig hl as tn.e7.vl!d hy I.h e reade·r . /J ach Uo w.- L . G. H11lm es , J. H. H odso n, C . R. Oili er, T . !\1 . F . R11gers , IJ . C . P . Fitch, D. J . .\ . Lobb, T . A. Littl et n, S. H. Rum sey , P. C. Palm er , R . G. R . Ca h·e rt, 0. D . C. W. Kin g-Wood , 1. E . :\. B ·slc:y, S. E. Bradshaw , H . C . Ll ewell yn , R. F. Burnett, F. 'ook e, E. W . S laughter , W . A. N ie ld , iVI. W a ll.

J. G. v\l e:itherston, (;_ B. Timm,, D. H . v\lill. ·on , J. N. Appe lbc, H. F. Coo k.

H . S. J enkin s. C . J. H ayes , \\ '. L. H erbert , S . :\. R. Guest, G. H . W. White , G . S . K een , W . :\. H olt , L. P . Mosd ell, W. W a ll ace , .\. J e nkin s, G. T. Brett .

S eco 11d R ow. - H . T. Haye,, C. C. Hughes , P. l'\. Longrid ge ,

J.

Third lfo w .-C. C. R e id , I. L. Serrailli er, G. A. Forrest, A. P . Mori ce , H . R. Ortun , B. R . S. Ma inwa rin g . v\I. J. Meredith, J. E. Fram e.

I'. J . Gillam, l'. \ Vitherington, :\. :Vl onkm a n, v\· . C har lt on, E. E. Hug hes, G . D. Clu er , E. :\ . H. Hea rd , S. F. Parso ns. D . Vv . Bigley, I'. H. Roge rs, W . C. Fa llo ws, R. J. Vaugh a n, J. McDo nau g h , S. (;. Ree>.

Fo11rl/1 R ow.-ivl. W. Scott, C . C. H . Worra ll , T. J . C hil ds ..-\. Rob in so n, R. J. Lowe , M. R. Bru\\"n , E. T. H a lstead, K. D . Belden, F . \!. r\. Farrer, M. P. Vidal-H a ll , J. Brad ley, C. V\ . Bo11thrnyd . .-\. D . Brow ne. A. G. H opewell, T . G. C . v\111od rord, B. F Toland, .\. J. Young. E. J . Bowd en , B. B. Ward , H. Moyse- Bartlett , J. F . Tait, L. \ V. Kenn ::i n.

Fiflh Now , senled.-F. D. Lotan . F. E. R. Du ck er , M. Hea ley, J . R . Hayston , (;. vV. Thornhill, H . E. Pack er , th e Re ,·. R . F . \V . Fl etcher, th e ]{e,·. J. S. Brc wi s (Vice-Principa l), E. L . P hillip . (Pres id ent 11f th e J .C. R. ), Mr. A. B. Emd cn (Prin cipa l), Mr. G. R. Brewi s (Seni or Tutor), Dr. H . J. Hunt, the Re,· . .-\. M. Farrer (C haplnin ), J. L . :\. O ' Loug h li n , J. F. C11o ke , H. K. Pusey , M. F. Cooper , S. \V.

H a rdi sty, H. :\. S:" ·ory , E . J .

n. Burrough .

Fr o11/ lfow .- T. I' . H a merl:on , R. C. Puston , H . C. Ed\\·ard s , P . C . Birkins ha"·· 1. \I . Sciortino , K. D. Luk e, 0. J . Matth e ws , E. E. Lowe.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. Ill, No. 3.

DECEMBER, i933.

EDITORS. 1933-34. D. H. G.

WILLSON,

A . FORREST,

Editor.

Asst. Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF THE VIS ITOR OF THE HALL:

T

H E Hall mourns the loss of its Visitor, Viscount Grey of Fallodon, who died on September 7. A tribute is paid to his m emory later in the Magazine. VJe cordially congratulate ' his s uccessor, Lord Irwin of Kirby Underdale, on his erection t o the Chancellorship of the University, and extend our loyal salutations to him as Visitor of the Hall.

OF APPOINTMENTS.

The Principal has been a ppointed a Governor of St. Edward's School, and a Trustee of the Oxford Preserva tion Tru st .

Dr. H. J. Hunt has b een appointed an Examiner in the Final Honour School of Modern Languages.

OF MATHEMATICS .

Mr. C. H. Thompson, Fellow of Queen's College , has felt obliged, owing to the work w hich falls to him now h e is Senior Tutor of his College, to resign his Lectureship in Mathematics at the Hall. During a period of forty years he has directed the studies of undergraduate members of the Hall who have read Ma thematics .

His pupils from the H a ll have h ad reason to be m ost g rateful to him for t h e care a nd interest he h as taken in their work . Th ere is no M athe matica l Tutor in the University who has won for himself a hig her reputation as a teacher. We wish to record · our keen regret at his resignation and very s incere appreciation of hi s long connexion with the Hall as Lecturer in Math ematics.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF

CONGRATULATIONS.

The congratulation s of the Hall are due:To the R ev . F. A. Smalley a nd to A . ViJ. Read on proceedin g· to the D egree of B. Litt. · To G. S. Wamsley on being placed in the First Class in the Fina l Honour School of Theology .

To C . J. Hayes on being placed in the Firs t Class in th e Final Honour School of Modern Languages (French), and on being appointed a Senior Exhibitioner of t he Hall.

To H. K . Pusey on being placed in the First Class in th e Final Honour School of Natural Science (Zoo logy) , and on being appointed a S enior Exhibitioner of th e Hall.

To all other m embers of t he H all w ho ab exarninat oribus honore digni $Unt habiti, especially to the following, who were placed in the Second Class in their r espect ive Honour Sc hool s : A. J . Yo un g· (Physics) ; vV. VJ. S. Marc h and G. B . Timms (Theology) ; J. Bradley, E . A. H. H ea rd, a nd A. Robin son (M ode rn L a nguages); vV . L. H erbert, D. J. A. Lobb, H. Moyse-Bar tlett , and T. G. C. vVoodford (Modern Hi s tory); A. B. Codling , G. D. Gosling, and G. H. Vil . vVhite (English L a nguage a nd Literature); M. vV . Scott ('Modern Greats').

To E. A. H. Hea rd on being award ed a H eath Harrison Travelling Scholarship for French, and to J. Lawl es s on being a warded a Heath H a rri son Travelling Scholarship for Spa nish.

To G. A. Forres t on b eing awarded a L o rd Justice Holker (Baco n) Junior Scholarship at Gray's Inn .

To J. Law less on being a ppointed a n Honora ry Exhibitioner of the Hall.

To J .M. Edmonds on his .appointment as a Dep art m en t D e monstrator in Geology.

To A . J. Yo ung on his a ppointment a s a D epartmental D emons t ra to r in Physics .

To J. Bradley ;;[nd to C. J. Mab ey on their a ppointment as Cadet" in the Tropical African Administrative Se rvice, and to G. S. Cansc\ale on his appoin tment to the Tropical African F orestry Service, under the Colonial Office .

T o H. N. Savory on being elected Hon. President of the Oxford University Archaeological Society.

To C. J. H aye s on being elec ted Hon. Pres iden t of t he Oxford University Ju nior Ling uistic Society.

To H. H. E. P eacock on being elected a m ember of the Li brary Committee of the Oxford Unio n Soci ety.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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To C. J. Mabey on his very successful Presidency of the Oxford University Athletic Club; on winning the Three Miles in the 0.U. A.C. Sports j on winning the Three Miles in the University Sports against Cambridge; on winning the Three Miles in the Universities ' Athletic Union Sports in a record time for that meeting-, 14 m.

57' 4 sec. ; on winning the Three Miles for the University against the Amateur Athletic Association in a record time for the 0. U. A.C., 14 m. 40 sec.; on winning the 5,000 Metres for the Achilles Club against Belgium; on winning the Two Miles for Oxford and Cambridge against Harvard and Yale in . a record time for that meeting, gm. 22·6 sec. ; on winning the Two Miles for Oxford and Cambridge against the Hamilton Olympic C lub in gm. 24 sec ., and on breaking the Canadian record for that event; on representing Great Britain against Germany in the Three Miles; on representing Great Britain against Finland in the 3,000 Metres; and on being chosen to represent Great Britain against Italy .

To E. L. Phillips on playing for th e University against Cambridge in Rugby Football.

To W. Charlton on playing for the University against Cambridge for the second time in Association Football.

To H. G. Edwards on winning the Seniors' Cross-Country race and on running for the University in the Cross-Country meeting against Cambridge.

To W. Wallace on swimming for the University against Cambridge in the Relays, and on being elected to the Dolphins.

To A. G. Hopewell on running for the University at the InterUniversity Cross-Country Meeting at Leeds, and on playing for the University at Rugb y Football.

To C. C. R eid on playi ng for the University at Rugby Football.

To T. G. C. Woodford on playing· for the University at H ockey.

To M. Y. Ffrench-Williams on playing Water-Polo for the University, on being elected to the Dolphins, on winning the Puttingthe-Weight in the Freshmen's Sports, and on being elected to the Centipedes.

To T. P. Hamerton on playing vVater-Polo for the University.

To ,iV. A. Nield on playing Lacrosse for the University, and on being elected to the Iroquois.

To E. E. Lowe and

J.

Lee on being elected to th e Centaurs.

To E. J. R. Burrough on b ei ng elected to the Greyhounds .

To C. C. Hughes on being elected to the Assassins.

To]. N. Shaw on winning the Seniors' and Freshmen's Com bined Pole Vault.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

To R. A. Cruse on winn ing the Half-Mil e in the Freshmen 's Sports .

To the Torpid (I. M . Sciortino, strok e ; D.]. A. Lobb, 7; P. N. Longridge, 6; L . W. K ennan, 5; P. H. Rogers, 4; P. Witherington, 3; S. E. Bradshaw , 2; vV. vVallace, bow; S. G. R ees; cox.) on bumping St. Catherine's , St. John's, Merton, Oriel, Corpus and Keble, and on taking their boat into the First Division; a nd to the Captain of Boats, J. H. T yzack, their coach.

To the Eight for rowing in the Final for the Eights Challenge Cup a t Marlow Regatta.

To the Clinker Four (P. H . Rogers, stroke; P . Witherington, 3; S. E. Bradshaw, 2; T. M. F. Rogers , bow in the first two h eat s; A. M. Urquhart, bow in the semi-final and the fin a l; A. P. L. Slater, cox.), and to the Captain of Boats, G. T. Brett, their coach, on r egaining the Inter-College Clinker Fours Cup. To the Rugby Footba ll Club on having six m embers of the Club in the Freshmen's a nd four in the Seniors' Trials.

To the Association Football Club on having six m embers of the Club playing for the University Centaurs in one match.

To the Essay Society on holding its 2ooth meeting.

OF

SE NIOR EXHIBITIONERS.

C. J. Hayes, w ho was awarded a Heath H arrison Travelling Scholarship in French in 1932 , and was placed in the First Class in the Final Examination of the Honour School of Modern Lang uages (French), and H. K. Pusey, who was placed in the First Class in the Final Examination of the Honour S chool of N a tural Science (Zoolog,y), have been appointed Senior Exhibitioners of the Hall.

OF

EXHIBITIONS.

An Examination, b eginning on Tuesday, March 14, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French) of the ann ual value of £40. A s a result of this Examination the following elections were made :·R. Abercrombie, Leeds Grammar School (Engli sh).

J. Park, Taunton 's School, Southampton (French) .

On Thm-sday, March 17, an Examination was h eld for the purpose of awarding an Organ Exhibition of the annual valu e of £35· As a result of this Examination the following election was made:E. F. A . Suttle, St. Dunstan's College, Catford. .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE An Examination, beginni ng on Tuesday, March 21, was held for the purpose o'f awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History (one being an Ingle Exhibition), each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following election was. made:0. T. Brown, Merch a nt Taylors' School (Classics) .

R. D. Hodgson, Marlborough College, and P.H. G. Newhouse, Cranbrook School, were elected to Minor Exhibition s of the annual value of £25.

J. Lawless, on winning a Heath H arrison Travelling Scholarship for Spanish, was appointed an H onorary Exhibitioner of the Hall.

Exhibition Examinations in 1934 will be held as follows: On Tuesday, March 13, a nd the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern L anguages (English or French) of the annual value of £40.

On Tuesday, March 20, a nd the two following days for th e purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the annual valu_e of £40.

Or

THE SCHOOLS.

1933.

In Schola Litera.rtml Graecariirn et Latinarum: Class Ill , E. T. Halstead, I. L. Serraillier.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt : Group B.2, R. G. R. Calvert; Group E., F. J. Tackley .

HILA.RV TERM,

TRINITY TERM.

In Facultate Juri s Civilis: Class Ill, E. Rawlinson, B.A. In Scientiis Mathematicis et Physicis: Class III, R. B. I. Pates.

In Scientia Naturali: In Physica: Class II, A. J. Young.' In Zoologia: Class I , H. K. Pusey.

In Sacra Theologia: Class I, G. S. Wamsley, B.A.; Class II, W.W . S. March, G. B. Timms; CZass Ill, A. P. R ose, B.A .; Clas s IV, J. F. Tait.

In Literis Modernis: Class 1, C. J. Hayes (in lingua Gallica); Class II, J. Bradley (in lingua Gallica), E. A. H. Heard (in lingua Teutonica et Gallica), A. Robinson (in lingua Gallica); Class III , F. D. Lota n (in lingua Gallica), F. T. Okely (in lingua Gallica et T eutorvica) , J. H. Tyzack (in lingua Teutonica et Gallica).

Jn Literis Hitmanioribus: Class III, C. W. Boothroyd, G. D. Cluer, S. A . R. Guest.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Historia Moderna: Class II, vV. L. Herbert, D. J. A. Lobb, H. Moyse-Bartlett, T. G. C. Woodford; Class III, A. G. Hopewell, G. S. Keen, E. L. Phillips, J. G. Weatherston.

In Literis Anglicis: Class II, A. B. Codling, G. D. Gosling, G. H. vV. White; Class III, H. J. Andrews, E. J. Bowden, C. C. H. vVorrall.

In Schola Philosophiae, Politicae et Oeconomiae: Class II, M. W. Scott.

In Schola Oeconomiae Sil7!arum: lVI. P. Vidal-Hall.

Examina.toribus Satisfecerunt: Group A.r, C. S. Jones; Group A.3, M. J. V. Print; Gi'oup B.r, J. E. Mowll; Group B.5, P. N. Longridge; Group C.r, M. J. V. Print; Group C.3, M. J. V. Print.

Diploma in Anthropology: C. J. Mabey, B.A. Examination in the Theory, History, and Practice of Education: G. S. Bessey, B.A., .f. R. Hayston, B.A., M. Healey, B.A., G. E. Price, B.A., G. vV. Thornhill, B.A. Second Examination for the Degree of B.Mus.: B. Seton, B.A. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: Group B.3, F. E. R. Ducker; Group B.6, R. G. R. Calvert, C. S. Jones, J. E. Mowll; Group D., C. S. Jones.

OF HIGHER DEGREES.

On June 27, A. E. Bell, B.A. (Durham), having submitted a thesis on '(r) The Isomeric 6: 6 1-di-(2: 4- bistrichloromethyl-r : 3benzdioxinyl) sulphones; (2) The condensation of Chloral with Phthalimidine,' for the Degree of B. Sc., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Physical Sciences.

On November r8, the Rev. F. A. Smalley, M.A., having submitted a thesis on ' An investigation of the methods of presentation of Christianity to the Gentiles by the Early Church, and an examination of China's Religious Heritage with a view to similarity of approach,' for the Degree of B. Litt., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Theology.

On November 23, A. vV. Read, M.A. (Iowa), having submitted a thesis on 'The place of Johnson's Dictionary in the History of English Lexicography,' for the Degree of B.Litt., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of Faculty of English Language and Literature.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF

7

AN EXHIBITION F U N D FOR SONS OF AULARIANS.

The Aularian Association has decided to maintain an Exhibition Fund for the the support of sons of Aularians entering the Hall as undergraduates, who need fin a ncial assistance towards the cost of their University course. This is a most welcome innovation. It is hoped that the annual sum available for the Fund will not be less than £so.

OF

THE Am.ARIAN AssocrATION.

In addition the Aula1-ian Association has made two other most acceptable gifts for which the best thanks of the Hall are clu e. A very fine set of seven Caroline oak chairs upholstered in the original leather has been presented for the furnishing of the Hearne Room.

A gift of £25 has been made for the purchase of books for the New Library.

OF A MEMORIAL GIFT OF Born~s.

About five hundred volumes togeth er with a collection of pamphlets from the library of the R ev. C. P. Shipton, M.A . (matric.

1881) have been presented to the Hall by Mrs. Shipton in m emory of her husband. This collec tion of books and pamphlets is chiefly devoted to Anglicanism and its relations with other Churches. The best thanks of the Hall are clue to Mrs. Shipton for her generous gift, which will serve to commemorate her husband's name in the Hall in a way which he would hims elf have well appreciated. The books will be kept together as a collection, so far as is possible, and will contain a memorial book-pl ate .

OF OTHER GIFTS.

In addition to the gifts recorded elsewhere in the Magazine, the best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall during the year : To the Rev. K. M. Ffinch for a handsome pair of silver candlesticks which he has given to commemorate the jubilee of his admission to the Hall. The candlesticks are to be used in the H earne Roo m, which formed the set of rooms that he occupied as an undergraduate.

To Mr. T. F. Higham for his gift of The Elegies of Propertius, edited by H. E. Butler and E. A. Barber.

To the Harold Buxton Trustees for their gift of Fa.ith and Society, by M. B. Reckitt.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

To the Rev. H. vV. Butterworth for his gift of Preface to Morals , by vV. Lippmann.

To A. E. Ellis for his gift of Lancing, 1848-1930, by B. \V. T. Handford.

To Mr. A. vV. Keith-Steele for his g ift of Lord Morley's Life of Cobd en, and S. Nicholson's Elements of Political Economy.

To Mr. G. B. vV. Lamb for his g ift of R. H . Gretton's The King' s Majesty .

To Mr. F. Fielding Dodd, F.R.I.B.A., for his gift of Sulg·r ave Manor and the Washingtons, by H. Clifford Smith.

OF

PORTRAITS.

The Rev. N. Crawford has brought from Australia as a g·ift te> the Hall from his a unt, Miss Annette Maclellan, a portrait in sepia of his great-great-grandfather, Dr. George Baker , who matriculated .as a member of the Hall in 1797· The portrait was painted

by Dr. Baker's great-grand-daughter , Mrs . Eva H a rding Maclella n of Sydney, N .S. W. George Baker was an organist who won some reputation in his own day as a composer . His chef d'oeuvre seems to have been a composition for the organ called 'The Storm,' which met with the approval of Dr. Burney. But it is record ed that h e played this piece so often when he was organist of St. Mary's, Stafford, that he had to 'be placed under restriction as to the use of the organ and that the Mayor have a master key to prevent access thereto.' Th.e writer of the article abo ut him in the Dictionary of National Biography notes that Bake r is said to h ave been singularly handsome. His portrait certainly confirms th is opinion. The best thanks of the Hall a re due to the donors of this interesting portrait.

There has been added to the pictures in the Hearne Room a copy of the Oxford Almanack for 1747 by George Vertue, which presents a view of the Quadrangle of the Hall in the upper portion, and a gathering of Hall worthies below, among them Thomas Hearne, who is shown pointing to the ruins of Oseney Abbey.

There has also been added an engraved portrait of Hearne's patron, Henry Dodwell, by M. Vandergucht.

OF

THE QUADRANGLE.

At last the red-brick building w hich has so long disfigured the south side of the Quadrangle has passed into the possession of the Hall. Its acquisition has been mad e possible by the consideration that has been shown by the Provost and Fellows of the Queen' s

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

9

College, who owned the freehold, and by Messrs. Minty, the wellknown fu1·ni shers, who hold a lease of t he premises, Nos. 43 and 44 High Street, of which it formed part. I t has been arrang·ed that until 1941, when the existing lease of Nos. 43 and 44 High Street expires, Messrs. Minty shall h a ve alternative workshop accommodation in th e upper end of No. 46 High Street, which is leas ed to th e H a ll by Magdalen College. The acquisition of this site has cost about £1,600, which sum include s compensation to Messrs . Minty for di sturbance .

At th e same tim e the Hall has acquired from Mag dalen College a s mall strip of ground at the upper end of the garden in rear of No. 46 High Street. This addition was needed in order to square off the site on the south side of the Qua drangle in such a way as to make possible the erection on it of a building contiguous with th e seventeenth century cottage that stands next to the Chapel.

Once again the Hall has cause to be very grateful to the President and Fellows of Magdalen College for their readiness to accommo.,. date the Hall in its schemes for extension.

During the Long Vacation preparations were made for the cl earance of this site . A reorientation has taken place by which certain offices situate at the south-east corner of the Quadrangle have been removed to a site m ade available by New College beyond th e east end of the Ch a pel.

OF THE CHAPEL.

The best thanks of the Hall are due to Mrs. Hom es Dudden for a most beautiful burse and veil which she has presented for use in the Hall Chapel. Mrs. Homes Dudden has mad e this burse and veil out of a very handsome piece of eighteenth century . ivorycoloured broc ade and embroidered the design on it in coloured silks . vVe also 1·ecord with gratitude the gift of a coloured linen cover for the altar which Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton has presented.

The visiting preachers in Chapel during the year have been: May 28. The Rev. E. Graham, Principa l of Cuddesdon.

October 29. The R ev . Dr. L. Hodgson, Canon of Winchester, formerly Vice-Principal.

OF ST.

EDMUND'S

DAY.

"

On St. Edmund's Day, Thursday, November 16, at Dinner in Hall the toast of Floreat Aula was proposed by Mr . George Smith, M .A., Trinity College, Director of the Univers ity D epartment for th e Training of Teachers, form erly Headmaster of Dulwich College.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

fhe Director delighted those present with an admirable speech in which he mingled humour with sagacity in a felicitous way that is vouchsafed to a few favoured Scotsmen and to no one else . He spoke of the inspiration that can come from ancient traditions, and of the enhanced vitality that t he Hall exhibited by virtue of the legitimate pride taken by its members in its unique record of seven hundred years.

In his reply the Principal thanked the Director very cordiall y for all he had said. He rem arked upon the appropriateness of the toast of the Hall being entrusted to the Director, since the connexion of the H all w ith the teaching profession was a notable feature in its development. Since the end of the vVar more than one hundred and twenty m embers of the Hall liad taken up teaching in one capacity o r another. After welcoming the other g uests , the Principal passed in review the academic achievem ents of the year. For the second time in three years three ' firsts' had been obtained ·in the Schools. The Principal then r eferred to t he distinguished series of s uccesses in Athletics which C . J. Mabey h ad won during the year. He also congratulated the Boat Club on its continued victories : six bumps in Torpids, the Eight in the final for the Marlow Eights Challenge Cup, a Coxswainless Four competing for the first time and the Clinker Four successful in wi nning again the Cup for the Hall. The Principal also made some reference to t h e new building that was to complete the Quadrangle, and expressed confidence that members of the Hall, past a nd present, would h elp forward as best they could so long-desired an enterprise .

In addition to members of the Hall in residence, there were present: Mr. C. H. Thompson, Senior Tutor of the Queen's College , Mr. T. F. Higham, F ellow of Trinity, Mr. H. M. Margoliouth, Secretary of Faculties, and the R ev. J. Vv. C. Wand, Dean and Fellow of Oriel.

OF THE NEW LIBRARY .

S. F. Parsons has s ucceeded A. G. Hopewell as Libra rian.

OF NUMBERS.

There were in 1·esidence during· Michaelmas Term 2 I Bachelors of Arts and 134 undergraduates. The numb er of Freshmen ad mitted was 5 I. These a re record numbers both for r esidence and for admission . In this connexion it may be noted that the number of applications for admission las t O ctober amounted to r39.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF THE

11

J. C. R.

The officers of the J .C.R. elected for the academical year 1933-34 are: P·r esident, H. E. Packer; St eward, C . C. Hughes. W. G. Fallows h as been appointed Junior Treasurer.

APUD LONDONIENSES DINN E R of p ast and present members of the Hall was held on January rr, 1933, at the Griffin Tavern in Villiers Street.

The size of the assembled gathering proved something of a tax on the resources of the unambitiou s hostelry which the Committee, in the interests of economy, had selected for the occasion, but a fter some delay a company of forty-three was enabled_to sit down to dinner.

After the royal toast had been honoured the Rev. C. N. Wardl eHarpur, in welcoming the Principal, spoke in high appreciation of his services to the Hall, and expressed the hope that the dinner mig ht become an annual inst itution. The Principal, in proposing the toast of 'Floreat A'ttla,' reviewed the year's successes and spoke of the continued progress of th e Hall in fields both academic and athletic. With the practised skill of the conjuror who has always some new trick up his sleeve with which to delight his audience, the Principal went on to ex plain that he had already m ade a few preliminary passes with his magic wand, and hoped in time to transmute the red brick edifice on the south side of the Quadrangle into sets of undergraduate rooms. This news was received with acclamation, and the company was not a whit abash ed when the Principal bluntly stated that h e would need the financial assistance of a ll old members of the Hall successfully to complete the transformation.

It was gratifying that the Vice-Principal and the Senior Tutor • were able to come up from Oxford for this gathering . Among those others present were:Lieut.-Comdr. T. R. Beatty, R.N., J. S. D. Beeley, F. W. Benton, J. H. T. Clarke, A. B. Codling, the Rev. S. Cox, D. W. G. Davies, B. M. Forrest, G. H. Franey, the Rev. J. M. T. Griffiths, G. E. H. Grigson, E. C.R. Hadfi eld, W. L. Herbert, W. H. Hindle, E. E. Hug hes, W. Johnson, the Ven. W. K. Knight-Adkin, G. P. W. Lamb, A. F. L ee , C. Lummis, G. E. Marfell, the Rev. H.J. Miller, F. T . Okely, J.E. Parsons, the Rev. E . L. G. Powys, M. J. V. Print, A. W. U. Roberts, the Rev. F. E. Robathan, the Rev. E. Royle,

A

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

J. W. L. Symes, R. C . Thomas, J. P. Thorp, VI/. C. 'Webber, R. C. W. "W hiting, D. A. H. Wright, P. Young.

The Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harpur, J.B. Allan, L. W. Hanson and W. W. J. Bolland were responsible for the arrangements.

L.W.H.

THE REUNION, 1933 HE eleventh Reunion of Old Members took place on Tuesday, June 20, 1933. After Evensong in Chapel dinner was served in the Dining Hall. There were present at the dinner :-The Right Rev. the Bishop of Sherborne, the Right Rev. Bishop Wild, the Right Rev. the Bishop of Malmesbury, the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, the Rev. Canon A. D. Barker, the Rev. Canon P. Cunningham, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, the Rev. C. J. Beresford, Mr. H. N. ffarington, the Rev. C. W. Fisher, the Rev. Dr. T. H. D. Long, the R ev. C. E. Burkitt, the R ev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the R ev. P. A. W. Skinner, the Rev. R. Shepheard, the Rev. D. Armytage, the Rev. W. A. Congdon, the Rev. W. Cole, Mr. R. Sayle , the Rev. A. Sargent, the Rev. P. B. Spriggs, the Rev. J.B. Wood, the Rev. F. McGowan, Dr. P. T. Freeman, Mr. H. C. Ingle, the Rev. H. Palmer, Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton, the Rev. E. L. Millen, Mr. H. A. Blair, Mr. C. Lummis, the Rev. C. A. Plaxton, Mr. R. Sim, Mr. D. E. Havergal, Mr. J. C. W. Ludlow, Mr. L. W. Hanson, Mr. P. Young.

The toast Floreat Aula was proposed by the Bishop of Malmesbury, who said that as h e had not been able to be present at these gatherings on previous occasions, he spoke with some diffidence, notwithstanding the absence. of the press. He spoke of the Hall as knew it when he was an undergraduate. He little dreamt in those. days that in spite of his determination not to follow the family tradition of holy orders he would return one day as bishop. He recalled incidents of Dr. Moore's reign, at a time when it might be said that Canon Ollard more directly presided over the Hall. He spol~e highly of Canon Ollard's work. In those days the Hall, in its efforts to hold its own in the athletic life of the University, enjoyed an enviable popularity among· the coI!eges, and he was happy to know that its increasing importance and amazing development had not meant any loss of this affectionate regard.

The Bishop went on to say that they might think he was lacking in loyalty when he had to tell them that his son was going to Cambridge. His son, however, was a mathematician, and had won a

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13

scholarship to a Cambridge college; he trusted, therefore, that Aularians would forgive him and not hold him responsible for the lapse of his offspring.

The Bishop spoke of the problems at present confronting Oxford, the Country and the Church. His own experience brought him into close contact with the economic situation, and his hopes for the future were based on the belief that these problems would be best solved if they were attacked from that angle from which the University could most effectively contribute to their solution. There was no need, he said, for him to emphasize the importance of the Hall as a training ground for this service. The business world, with which he could claim peculiar acquaintance for a bishop, had to learn how to make use of the resources of education and culture, and more especially of that insight into its problems which the University was qualified to contribute. He hoped the Hall would long continue to prepare men for useful service in Church and State.

The Principal, responding to the toast, expressed his pleasure at seeing no fewer than three Aularian bishops present : the Bishop of Malmesbury, the Bishop of Sherborne his beloved predecessor, and Bishop Wild. He was sure Aularians would wish him to convey congratulations to Bishop Wild, whose son had just been made a Fellow of University College. The Bishop of Malmesbury had laid them under a great obligation because he had gone to the length of missing his train that evening in order to remain with them. He specially welcomed also two far-travelled guests : Mr. H. A. Blair from the Gold Coast and Mr. P. Young from Roumania.

They might find him and the members of the Senior Common Room tired at the end of a busy term, but this gathering came gratefully as a refreshing cordial for drooping spirits. The Principal thanked the Bishop of Malmesbury for his speech. The Bishop had placed the Hall in the wider perspective of the world outside and had shown how a society like theirs could make its own contribution. He spoke with regret of the death of Sir Mark Hunter, who would be remembered for his distinguished service.

The Principal went on to review the achievements of the past year and to lift the veil of the developments already foreshadowed in the Magazine. The sketch of the proposed new building, designed by Mr. R. F. Dodd, would have been seen by some of them at the Royal Academy. He well knew that it was one thing to paint a picture and quite another to translate that idea into stone. He recalled the Bishop of Malmesbury's plucky effort in taking over the running of a newspaper in open competition with

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the Colossus of the Press . What seemed impossible had been accomplished, and the Principal said that he felt disposed to take a lesson from him very shortly. The more keenly one hoped, the sooner things began to happen.

In response to a generally expressed wish the Principal asked the Bishop of Sherborne to speak. The Bishop said tha t h e could fairly claim that he had been jumped upon for his speech. There could be, therefore, none of those carefully prepared impromptus with which listeners to after-dinner speeches were familiar. H e had, however, already enjoyed two good things: a good dinner and good speeches, so h e must not complain. The Principal h ad d ischarged his annual task with his wonted lightness of touch. One th ing w hich had struck him particularly was the number of ' seconds ' in the Schools. This he maintained was a real test of quality .

Referring to the building· alterations, the Bishop said that the reel shed had long· been a bete noir (here the Chaplain was heard to interject 'bete r01tge '). Their drea m of a ' Dantzig Corridor' to the High had been fulfill ed at last. He was thankful for the reroofi ng that had been done on the north side of the quadra ngle in Stonesfield slates. Improvements like these, the Bishop said, went on year by year, and they owed them all to the unflagging enthusiasm a nd imagination of one man, their Principal. H e recalled the laconic and characteristic comment of a former Principal, the present Bishop of Carlisle, on receiving nevvs of Mr. Emclen's appointment: '0 well, we 're a ll right now.' This summed up admirably the feelings of Aularians for their Principal. Might he be g iven many years to rule ove r the Society th ey loved so well.

R.

SAYLE.

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION The Executive Committee m et in the Principal 's Lodgings at 4. 30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 20, 1933 . The followin g members were present :- The Principal (in the chair), th~ Bishop of Sherborne, the Rev. D. Armytage, the R ev. Canon A. D. Barker, the Rev. Canon P. Cunningham, the R ev. C. W. Fisher, Mr. H. C . Ingle, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. Frank McGowan, the R ev.

T. E. R. Phillips, Mr. J. ]. G. Walkinton, the Rev. ]. W. C. \Nanci and Mr. Robert Sayle (Hon . Secretary).

The Annual General Meeting was held in t he H a ll after the Reunion Dinner on the same evening. The President took the c ha ir.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

15

The minutes of th e previous meeting were read and si g n ed.

In the absence of the Hon. Treasurer, the President presented his report. He said it was to be regretted that Mr. Alla n could n ot be w ith them that evening. He had not yet been made a di rector of Ll oyd's Bank, a nd had, therefore, to take hi s holid ays a t a tim e not of his own choosing. Mr. Allan's services to th e Association h a d been invaluabl e : he had exercised a discreet an cl active vigila nce and thus membership was not easily allowed to lapse. Thanks to him the finances were in a very healthy condition, a nd there was a credit bala nce of £152 l 8s. IIcl. The President also ex pressed his warm appreciation of the work of their H o n. Auditor, Mr. H. C. Ingl e. He was grateful for what the Association was doing fo r the Hall. At their afternoon session th e Executive Committee had voted the s um of £35 to buy suitable chairs for the H earn e R oom. H e would not deny that this h a d been clone und e r influ ence ! Some Old Members he knew would be relieved to hea r t hat in deference to H earne 's m emory it ha d been decided to describe the ch airs a s Caroline and not Cromwellian. A sum of £25 had also been voted for the Library , which in thes e clays occupi ed a very importan t place in the life of the H a ll. H e said that these gifts, which were becoming an an nu al hahi t of the Association, w ere much valued not only for their usefulnes s but also a s coming from tha t source.

He thanked them a lso fo r allocating funds which helped to make the Hall access ible to th e sons of Old Members ·who co uld not otherwise hope to come to Oxford.

The absentees from the afternoon meeting of the Committee were the R ev. R . S. 0. Tayler and Mr. C . D. Walker, both of whom had tendered ' satisfacto ry ' reasons fo r non-attendance.

They w ere therefore reappointed. Unde r Rule 9, the retiring m em bers of the Committee were th e representatives of the ea rliest period, 1865-1874: the R ev. W. G. D. Fletche r a nd the Rev. W. L. Martin . It was proposed by the Rev. F. McGowan a nd seconded by Ca non Ba rker that these members be re-elected, and this was carried unanimously.

The Presid ent reported that at their a ft e rnoon m eeting the Executive Committee ha d discussed the question of appointing Loca l Secretaries , and tha t a sub-committee consistin g· of himself a nd the H on . Secretary had been ask ed to investigate the possibility of dividing the country into suitable Aulai-ian areas. He might say that he was responsibl e for this item on the agend a . He had a ttended a dinner in a subterranean tave rn on the invitation of London Aulari a ns . A very pleasant informality marked the pro-

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ceed ings, and he came away feeling that it would be a real gain if Aularians living in other places could be given the opportunity of attend ing local gatherings of the same kind. The appointment of Local Secretaries would be a step in this direction, and the President warned membe rs to be prepared : ere long some of them would be receiving· notice of their appointment to office.

The lamented death of Sir Mark Hunter had created a vacancy among their Vice-Presidents.

The President in proposing Professor Marcham said h e could think of no one more deserving of the honour. Dr. M a rcham had achieved a rare distinc tion for a n Eng lishman of his years, that of election to an important Chair in a leading American University.

It was fitting that his own Society in Oxford should show their regard for him in this w a y. This proposal was put to the meeting, and Professor Marc ha m was unanimously elected a Vice-President.

It was d ecided to hold the next m eeting on TUESDAY, JUNE rg, 1934.

R. SAYLE.

THE COMPLETION OF THE QUADRANGLE J\ T fi

last the completion of the Quadrangle of the Hall is practicable. The red-brick building on its south side, which has been an eye-sore to successive generations of Aularians, has passed into the possession of the Hall. Its acquisition h as made possible the preparation of pl a ns for its replacem ent. The plans for this new building have been made by Mr. R. Fielding Dodd, F.R.IB.A., w ho is well acquainted with the Hall, as he has supervised the restorations and alterations that have b een undertaken in th e last few years. To insert a new building into so mellow a setting as the Quadrangle of the Hall is a delicate responsibility.

I believe that it will be gen era lly agreed that Mr. Dodd has b een most successful in d esigning a building that will harmonize in style and elevation w ith th e seventeenth century cottage which will adjoin it. The plans have already received important commendation, as a picture of th e proposed building was accepted for the exhibition of the Royal Academy at Burlington House this summer.

The proposed new building is planned to contain nine sets of undergraduate's rooms. It will consist of two staircases, the further one to contain three sets of rooms, the nearer one six sets. It has been a rranged that the roof line of the building shall not be hig her th an that of the seventeenth century cottage beside it, as by

THE S ITE O F THE PHOPOSEl) NEW BUILDING.

THE l'ROf'OSEO NEW BU IL D I!\'G.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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keeping it to that height there will be no curtailment of sunlight in the Quadrangle. On the side of the Quadrangle it will be built of Bladon stone, with the door and window mouldings in Clipsham .stone. The roof will be covered with Stonesfield slates.

The completion of the Quadrangle is a project which, I believe , all Aularians will cordially approve, and in making the necessary preparations I have felt confident that they would wish to see the plans for the new building translated into stone as soon as possible.

I have b.e en greatly encouraged in this confidence by the good beginning that has been made with the Endowment and Extension Fund that was instituted last year. I have not h esitated, therefore, to go forward at once with this proj ect. Most opportunely, the Curators of the University Chest have d ecided to offer the Hall for this purpose a loan of £s,ooo for fifteen years at 3t % interest. This loan has been approved by a Decree of Congregation. This testimony of the interest and confidence of the University in the Hall and its development is most welcome. I have accepted this loan, and on the strength of it building operations have be-en begun. By the end of November the red-brick building formerly occupied by Messrs.

Minty had been demolished and good progress made with the clearing of the site.

It is estimated that the building itsdf will cost about £4,500 to erect. To that must be added £1 ,600 .for acquiring· the site and £400 for furnishing. The expenditure of a total sum of not less than £6,500 will be incurred. I am sure that as on former occasions, so now, members of the Hall, past and pres ent, will make whatever contribution they can towards the furtherance of this undertaking.

It is anticipated that the building will be ready for occupation

by Michaelmas Term, 1934· Its completion will coincide with the seven hundredth anniversary of the consecration of the patron of the H a ll, St. Edmund of Abingdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury, the fir st Oxford man to be promoted to that office. It is intended that this historical coincidence shall be commemorated at the opening of the new building next October. I am very glad to be able to state that the present Archbishop of Canterbury, hims elf a son of Oxford, has accepted an invitation to perform th e opening ·cer emony.

A.B.E.

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THE ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND J L

AST year the 25oth anniversary of the consecration of the Chapel and of the completion of the Chapel and Library Building was marked by the establishment of the Endowment and Extension Fund. This year the project of completing the Quadrangle by the erection of a building to contain nine sets of under'graduate's rooms gives substantial proof of the immediate need there is for such a fund. I am most grateful to those Aularians who in these difficult days have already given this Fund their support. I am confident that others will feel impelled to lend their aid when they learn that the resources of the Fund are to be devoted first to the fulfilment of the wish that successive generations of Aularians have placed second to none in their hopes for the Ha!I -the completion of the Quadrangle.

A.B.E. Total brought forward tMrs . T. K. Allen ... tRev. Canon D. Armytage H. A. Blair Rev. J. w. Blair .. .

Rev. L. c. Baber ...

Rev. VV. L. Bunce tRev. W. G. Boys Johnston Rev. H. \i\l. Butterworth H. Cloke Rev. A. F. J. Danneman D. K. Daniels ·j·A. E. Ellis ...

F. w. L. Evans H. N. ffarin1non Rev. F. J. Fish G. H. Franey D. W. L. Freeman Rev. T. \IV. Gilbert tL. W. Hanson T. C. Heritag-e Rev. S. A. Howard tH. C. Ingle tJ. c. w. Ludlow ... i\1. A . McCanlis Mad eleine and Barney Prof. F. G. Marcham tE. F. Milla r (Lincoln Colleg·e) Rev. T. G. Mohan tK. A. Muir Rev. A. McL. Murray

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H . C. Shearman tR . Sim Rev. P . S. Sprent Rev. C. H. Sutton J. L. Tadman R. C. Thomas C. D. Walker tR. Waye D . A. H. Wright P. Young ...

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THE OLD LIBRARY T is fitting that in the year of the centenary of the Oxford Movement the Library should acquire a unique set of the Littlem ore Lives of the English Saints. This set of the Lives, which is comprised in six volumes finely bound in crushed red morocco leather, formerly belonged to Mr. J ames Toovey, the publisher of them. Mr. Toovey had had inserted in these volumes the letters which he had received from contributors, including fifteen from Cardinal Newman, who for a tim e .acted a s editor, and also a prospectus of the Liv es with notes, in Newman's h a nd, of the names of those from whom contributions to the series were hoped for. There will be found elsew here in this issue of the Afagazine an article on the Li·ves by Canon Ollard (formerl y Vice-Principal), than whom there is no greater a uthority on all subjects relating to the history of the Oxford Movement. As Canon Ollard points out in his article, this set of the Littlemore Liv es has a special interest for the Hall. I t contains a Jetter from that eminent scholar, .Mark Pattison, sometime Rector of Lincoln, on the subject of the life of St. Edmund of A.bingdon, which he contributed to the series , and one from a former Principal of the Hall, Dr. John B arrow, at that time Fellow of Queen's, who wrote the life of St. Herbert, a disciple of St. Cuthbert, and t he life of St. Ninian . These volumes are the gift of the editors of the Magazine. The MS . letters .a nd the prospectus which were bound into these volumes h ave been extracted, as they were in dange r of coming to pieces, as they had been folded so as to make their leaves more conformable in size with those of th e

I

- COMPLETION OF THE QUADRANGLE 1934 I am most grateful to those Aularians who in these difficult days have already given the ENDOWMENT AN D EXTENSION FUND their support. [ am confident that others will feel impelled to lend their aid when they _learn that the resources of the Fund are to be de'voted first to the fuijilment of the wish that successive generations of Aularians ha've placed second to none in their hopes for the Hall - T HE COMPLETION OF THE QUADRANG LE.

A B. EM DEN, Principal.

DONATION I ENCLOSE as a donation to the AND EXTENSION FUND

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PROMISE OF SUBSCRIPT ION I ENCLOSE as m_y first annual subscription to the ST. EDMUND HALL ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND the sum of________________ _ -----·--·---------·----·-· and I undertake, until further notice, to subscribe each year a similar sum to this Fund. :J(ame __ ______________ ·- · ·-· __ .. ___ .. ____ ...... .. . ·-·------· __. ·- · ··-· .. . ·-- ·-·-· .. _·-· ... __ .

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

volumes in which they were placed. They have now been placed in order and suitably bound in a separate volume.

The Library has also been fortunate in acquiring an important collection of letters and note-books concerning the Dodwell family, and in particular Henry Dodwell (1641-1711), one of the most learned men of his time, who numbered several members of the Hall among his closest friends, including Thomas Hearne, whose exceptional ability he was one of the first to detect. This collection is more fully described elsewhere in the Magazine.

Besides these accessions, several other additions of Aularian interest have been made to the Old Library in the course of the year.

Several gaps have been filled in our collection of the various editions of the poetical works of the Aularian satirist, John Oldham (matric. 1670). Mr. H. F. B. Brett-Smith has kindly allowed copies of four editions to be acquired for the Library from the collection of Oldham's works that he had made. These consist of the collected editions of 1686, 1695, 1703 and 1704, and the first edition (1681) of Some New Pieces Never before Publisht, having the separate leaf [a4], and the two extra leaves, pp. 131-4, I 3 - [4], as well as the book list I 3, one or both of which, as Mr. BrettSmith informs me, is usually absent. The copy of the .c ollected edition of 1695 once belonged to Joseph Ritson, the antiquary and bibliophile, whose autograph it contains. In addition to these, a copy has been obtained of a r.are early satire by Oldham, published anonymously, under the title of Garnets Ghost, Addressing to the Jesuits, met in private Caball, just after the Murther of Sir EdmundBury Godfrey; and also a copy of the collected edition of 1698.

There still remains to be secured the collected editions of 1692 and 1710, before the Library has a complete collection of Oldham's works.

A copy of the first folio ( l 609) of Spenser's The Faerie Queene, disposed. into XII Bookes, Fashioning twelve Mor all Vertues, has been acquired. This copy has an Aularian interest as it belonged to Thomas Hearne; it is inscribed: Suum cuique, Tho: Hearne, Oct, 29, I7I9.

Two additions have been made to the collection of the works of Dr : George Carleton, Bishop of Chichester (matric. 1577), one under unusual circumstances. One is a copy of Consensus Ecclesim Catholicd! contra Tridentinos, Landini, 1613, which is founded on lectures delivered by Bishop Carleton in Oxford while he was a fellow of Merton. The other is a copy of Directions to Know the True Church, imprinted at London by John Bill, 1615: this was obtained from a church jumble sale at Llanyblodwel, near Oswestry.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

21

Mention may also be made of the acquisition of a copy of a set of satirical verses aimed at that prolific poet Sir Richard Blackmore, physician to King William III and his queen (matric. 1669), entitled A Letter to the Knight of the Sable Shield (1716), beginning: ' Sir Knight, who know with equal Skill To make a Poem and a Pill . . . ' Mr. J. L. N. O'Loughlin, who is re-cataloguing the Library, has completed entri es of all books in the Library printed before l 64 l, so that the Hall has discharged its share of the work of furnishing an inter-coliegiate catalogue of early printed books, which is in progress.

In addition to those already noted, the following books of Aularian interest have been presented to the Old Library during the year:-

From vV. vV . S. March: The vVhole Book of Psalms, collected into English Metre by Sternhold, Hopkins, &c . By John Playford. London, 1757, 8vo.

Sacra Concerto: or the Voice of Melody. Containing an Introduction to the Grounds of Music; also 41 Psalm-Tunes, and 10 Anthems. By Benjamin West, of Northampton. London, 1760, 8vo.

Both these volumes belonged to the Rev. W. H. Havergal (matric. 1812), and contain his autograph and an interesting note in his hand.

From the Principal: CARPENTER, Nathaniel, Fellow of Exeter (matric. 1605): Geographie delineated fo ·r th in two Bookes, containing The Sph ericall and Topicall parts thereof. Oxford, 1635, 8vo.

BATE, George, Physician to Charles I, Cromwell, and Charles II (matric. 1624) : The Hist ory of the Rise and Progress of the Civil Wars in England from the Year 1625 to' 1660 . Written in Latine in Three Parts; the two first by Dr. George Bates . . ., the Third Part with a Continuation to the Year 1670, by Tho. Skinner, M .D . li1ade English. To which is added a Preface and several Original Papers, by a Person of Quality. 2nd Edition.

London, 1698, 8vo.

TuLL,Y, Thomas, Dean of Ripon (Principal 1658-76) : A Letter to M1·. Richard Baxter Occasioned by several injurious Refiexions of His upon a Treatise entituled Justificatio Paulin.a. Oxford, 1675 , 4to.

STEPHENS, William (matric. 1664): (1) A Sermon preached before the Lord Mayor [Lam. v, r6] at St. Mary-le -B ow, Jan. 30, 1693 / 4. London, 1694, 4to. (2) Thanksgiving Sermon Preach'd before the Lord Mayor [Col. iii, 15] at St. Mary-le-Bow, April 16, 1696. London, 1696, 4to. (3) Sermon Preach'd before the Honourable House of Commons [Titus iii, l], January 30, l~*~ London, 1700, 4to. (4) A Letter to the Author of the Memorial

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

of the State of England. London, 1705, 4to. (5) A Letter to the Author of the Memorial of th e State of England, answer'd Paragraph by Paragraph . London, 1706, 4to. (6) A Sermon Preach'd at Sutton in Surrey [John viii, 32] on D ecember 31, 1706. London, 1707, 8vo. (7) An Account of the Growth of D eism in England. London, 1709, 8vo. (8) A Sermon Preach' d before the University of Oxford [Acts v, 3, 4] at St. Mary's, February 24, 1716/7. Oxford, 1717, 4to. (9) A Sermon Preach'd before the University of Oxford [Hehr. i, 6] at St. J\!Iary's, Augiist 5, 1722.

Oxford, 1722, 4to.

KETTLEWELL, Joh n, Nonjuror (matric. 1674): (1) The M easures of Christian Obedience1. 2nd Edition . London, 1684, 4to. (2) Death made Comfortab le: or the vVay t o Die vVell. London, 1708, 12mo. (3) An H elp and Exhortation to Worthy Communicating. 8th Edition. London, 1717, 8vo. (4) A Com panion for th e Penitent, and for Persons .Troubled in Mind. London, 1727, 12mo. (5) Memoirs of the Life of Mr. John Kettlewell. Compiled from the Collections of Dr. George Hick es, and Robert Nelson,, Esq. London, 1718, 8vo.

KENNETT, White, Bishop of Peterborough (matric. 1678): (1) A Sermon Preach'd at the Fimeral of th e Right No ble William Duke of D evonshire [Ps. xxxix, 4] in the Church of All Hallows in Derby, on Friday, Septemb. 5th, 1707. London, 1707, 8vo.

(2) A True Answer to Dr. Sach ev erell's Sermon before the Lord Mayor, November 5, 1709. In a Letter to One of the Aldermen.

London, 1710, · 8vo. (3) A S ermon before the House of Lords [Mark xiv, 19], January 30, r719. London, 1720, 4to.

FcrrHERGILL, George (Principal 1751-60): A S ermonPreach'd before the Uni·versity of Oxford [Isai ah !viii, 3] at St. Mary's, on Wednesday, January 9, 1744 / 55. Oxford, 1745, 4to.

MIDDLETON, Erasmus, one of the Six Students expelled in 1758 (matric. 1767) : A Sermon preached, in the Parish Church o f St. Bennet, Grace-church-street, on November 12, 1775, occasioned by the Death of Mr. Thomas Jackson. 2nd Edition. London, r776, 4to.

The following books have also been presented : By Mr. Vivian Elkingt on: (1) Joannis Baptistae Veri Rerum Veneta.rum. Libri IV. Elzevir edition. 1644. (2) Opera C. Cornelii Taciti. Excudebat Jaco bus Sto er, 1598, 8vo.

By th e Principal: Two Letters of Advice: i, For the Susc eption of Holy Orders ; ii, For Studi es Theological, especially such as are Rational. [By H enry Dodwell.] Dublin, 1672, 8vo.

Some Considerations of present Concernment; how far the Romanists may be trusted by Princes of another Perswasion. By Henry Dodwell. London, 1675, 8vo.

A.B.E.

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THE DODWELL PAPERS On June 15, 1711, Thomas H earne made the following entry in his diary:On Thursday last (June 7th) di ed Mr Henry Dodwell, yt Great and Good Man, in the 7oth Year of his Age, at Shottesbrooke in Berks , where he had liv'd in a most retired, studious, privat e Condition for several Years. H e died w ith ye same Piety with which he had always lived and was bur ied on Saturday June ye 9th in the C hurch of Shottesbrooke . This E xtraordinary person mi g ht h ave r each ' d an hundred Years if h e h ad t ak en but ordinary Care of his Health. H e was of a small Stature of Body, but vigorous & H ealthy, of a brisk, facetiou s Con stitution, always chearfull even in ye worst of times. H e was humble & modest to a fault. His was a bove ye common Reach. . . . I take him to be the g reatest Schola r in Europe when h e died, but wt exceeds that his Piety and Sancitity was beyond Compa r e . . . . His Name wi'Jl a lways b e m ention'd and spoke of with Honour as long as there is any R egard for tru e R eligion, virtue, Probity & L earning. Nothing could make him swerve from those good Principles of ye Church of England that h e had very early imbib'd, wch occasion'd some P eople to call him an Obstinate Man; but Obstinacy (if it may be so call'd) in such Cases is always Laudable , & I wish yt all Men would observe and follow it, especially those of ye Clergy, & I heartily wish moreover that half ye Clergy , nay one t enth Part of ym had the 4oth Part of ye Integrity, Learning & Holiness of this Lay Man, who c onstantly studied ye Publick Good, & n ever did anything but what will b e commended by all Honest, good & truly holy & learned M en. 1 This whole-hearted tribute was penned by Hearne in his study in St. Edmund Hall. Ther e w ere probably few other m en of Hearne's acquaintance who stood so high in his regard as 'the great Henry Dodwell,' as h e was wont to call him. But one there c ertainly was, 'my best Fri end and Patron the Pious and Learned FRANCIS CHERRY of Shott es brooke .' Cherry, the scholarly squire of Shottesbrooke, sometime Gentleman Commoner of St. Edmund H all, was Dodwell's neighbour and constant compan ion during later life. The friendship of Cherry and Hearne with Dodwell link Dodwell's m emory closely with St. Edmund Hall. His letters and papers could not have a more appropriate resting-place.

Both Dodwell and Hearne ha d reason to look upon Cherry as a benefactor. If Hearne was ind ebted to Cherry for his education at schooI a nd the university, Dodwell owed it to Cherry that the later years of his life were spent in congenial surroundin gs. A man of handsome appearance, a d evout Churchman, a studious reader, a 11-Ieame's Collections, iii, 176-7 . For a fuller account see The Itinerary of John Leland, ed. 1711 , v, 109-113 .

of Dodwell

by

Hearne,

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k een huntsman, Cherry was known in his own locality as ' the idol of Berkshire.' 2 Rath er than compromise his principles after the R evolution h e became a Non-juror, and made Shottesbrooke a h aven for scholars who were deprived of their offices on their refu sal to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary. It was in these circumstances that Henry Dodwell, after he had been d eprived of the Camden Profes sorship of History a t O xfo rd in 169 1, came first to malq~ Cherry 's acquainta nce . The story of the friendship that grew up between these two men is best told in the words of hi s biographer, Francis Brokesby, the non-juring chaplain whom Cherry and he maintained for m any years a t Shottesbrooke. 3 ' After h e had lost his Professorship,' writes Brokesby, 4 ' he continued for some time in Oxford, and afterwards rem oved to Cook harn, a Village near Maide;ihead, a Place lying between Oxford a nd London, and very n ear of an equ al Distance from each of them; ·and thence convenient to maintain a Correspondence with Friends in each Place, a nd to consult them and Books, as he should have occasion ; and a Place where he h ad , oftener than once, resided. . . . When Mr. D odwell lived a t Coo kharn, it was his chief Exercise and Diversion to walk to Maidenhead to h ear News, and the chief of that which he d esired , was to know what Books were n ewly publi shed . Mr. Cherry corning· thither on the same Errand, they became acq uainted : And .as they discoursed of these, so also of Books of a ncienter D a te , and of the excellent and useful T11ings contained in them, a Subject highly pleasing to each of them . This Conversation was so grateful to 'em both, that it was mutually agreed to meet there daily in the Afternoon ; and th e very Thoughts. of enjoying it was to Mr. Cherry so preferable to other Delights, that he frequently shortened his Dinner , that he might be the sooner with his learned Friend, and have the larger Opportunity thereby to improve himself . . . . But the Distance of their H abitation s, especially of M r. Cherry's, from Maidenhead, b eing too great, and in convenient in the Winter Season, Mr. Cherry invited hi s Friend to be his Neighbour, procured a Place for him where he might be tabled, abou t a quarter of a Mile distant from him, till he h ad fitted up, a nd a dded to , a House for him, n early adjoining his own Habitation, w here Mr. D odwell lived many years; a nd at length in another H ouse nea r to it, and more convenient for him (his Family being increased) in w hich h e ended his Days.'

On coming to live at Shottesbrooke, Dodwell met Hea rne, the son of the par ish clerk of the neighbouring village of White Waltham , who was then at Bray School, where Cherry, attracted by hi s evident ability, was paying for his education. Dodwell was so greatly impressed with young H earne that he advised Cherry to ta k e him into his own house. This was done : and in 1685 Cherry, 2 See the article on Cherry in the D.N.B . a nd the indexes of H earne's Collections.

3 See the a rticle on Brok esby in th e D.N.B. 4 The Life of M r. H enry Dodw ell, pp. 223-4, 300-6.

HE N RY DOIJWELL, M . .'\. , 16.p - 17!1 .

So 111 ef i111e F ell ow of Tri11ify Co llege , 1Jul1l i 11, and Cc1111 de11 Professor of llisf o ry i11 th e L"11ive r sify of Oxfu rd.

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havi ng d ecided to place H earne a t the Univers ity, entered him at the Hall of which he had himself been a member, and whose V icePrincipal, \ i\Thite Kennett, was rector of Shottesbrooke. \i\Then after his graduation Hea rne settled down to his life of resea rch at at the Hall, Dodwell and he w ere ·frequ ently in correspondence .

The high opinion which H earne had of Dodwell's eminence as a scholar was endorsed by his contemporaries, and has been subsequently confirmed. Gibbon writes of him: 'Dodwell's learning was immense; in this p a rt of history especially (th a t of the Upper Empire) the most minute fact or passage could not escape him ; and his skill in employing th em is equal to his learn ing.' 5 Dodwell's .appointment to the Camden Profes sorship in 1688 was a singular tribute to the esteem in which h e was he.Id in the academical \vorld, for he was not an Oxford man. He was born in 1641, at Dublin, while the Irish rebellion w as in progress. His fath er was in the army, his mother was .a daughter of Sir Francis Slingsby. While still a boy he lost both his parent s, and w as reduced to such straits that he was oblig·ed , ' when he came to School, to borrow P en and Ink of his School-fellows to fit his Exercises for his Master's Sig ht.' 6 From this condition he was relieved by his uncle , Henry Dodwell, rector of Hemley and Newbourne in Suffolk, who made adequate provision for him . In 1652 he entered Trinity College, Dublin, was elected in due course first a scholar and then a fellow of th e college , but in 1666 he characteristically resigned his fellowship: he did not see hi s way to take holy orders, as the sta tutes of the college required all Masters of Arts of three years ' stan ding to do. His unwillingness to proceed to ordination was due, his biographer tell us, 7 to ' the great T;V eight of the sacr ed Ministry that accompanied its Dignity, .. . his natural Bashfulness, a nd the too m ean Thoughts he had of hi s ow n Abiliti es; an humble Diffidence of himself, as not being able or fitted to preach to a Congregation. And then , In th a t he thought he could in one Respect be more servi ceable to the Church, .and to Religion, whilst he continued in a Lay S tation, th an he could if he advanced to the Priesthood: In that w hilst he continued a Laich, and as such, vindicated th e sacred Ministry , and became the Champion of Relig ion and the Priesthood ; th e w icked Adversari es of both could have no Shadow to object that against him w hich they (ridiculously enough) object against Clergy -men , when they a ppear as Advocates for God and Religion, and assert the D ignity of their Office, and the Rig hts of th e Chri stian Church, of which they are Pastors, and Ministers of Christ its Head; viz.

Tha t they plead their own Ca.use , and are byass'd by Self-Inte rest.'

See the a rticle on him in D.N.B. Brokesby, Th e Life of Mr. Henry Dodwell, p. ' Ibid., p. 24.

5 6

15.

2G

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE In 1674 he took up permanent r esidence in Engla nd and settled

m London : he had previously stayed in England for brief period s ,

during w hich 'he then chiefly resided in Oxfo·rd , where he b ecam e acquainted w ith that Excellent P er son Dr Bickes, one justly valued for his singular Accomplishments and g reat Performances,' 8 who later , like Dodwell, b ecame a Non-juror. He soon gathered friends among the learned, and his opinion, as his correspondence shows, was greatly valued by scholars at home and abroa d. He was a prolific writer on many s ubj ects 'in all of which, h e showed,' in the judg m ent of a historian well acquainted with his work and period, 'vast learning, great ing·en ui ty , and, in spite of some eccentricit ies , great powers of reasoning.' 9 After his death in 17 l l, his widow, a t the suggestion of Francis Cherry asked Hearne to come over a nd examine t he MS. materia ls that h e ha d left. Next year, on November 1, H earne rode over to Shottesbro oke, went through Dodwell's papers a nd made an inventory of them. 10 In the followin g Ma rch Hearne published an archaeological dissertation on subj ects related to Roman military history which Dodwell had just prepa r ed for the press b efore hi s death . H earne prefix ed a catalogue of all Dodwell's published works. This Dissertatio de Parma Equestri vVoodwardiana brought Hearne into great troubl e for a refe rence he made in it to Dodwell as being ' one of those Conscientious, good men yt could not comply, ' which was taken to be a grave reflection on those who did.

At a m eeting of the H eads of Houses it was ordered that the book be suppressed. It was subsequently a llowed to be sold without the offending preliminary s ection. 11 But Hearne had the satisfaction of knowing that the book was w ell a ppreciated by those whose opinion he most valued. ' I sent a Copy of it,' his diary records, ' bound in large Paper to Mr. Cherry, and another to Mrs . Dodwell, who were extremely pleased with it, as appears from a L etter I receiv'd from Mr. Cherry, written the next Day after my Book had b een censured, namely on March 25th. He calls it a1kind and very acceptable Present, r eturns me the Thanks both of himself and Mrs. Dodwell, tells m e that the World is very much ob liged to me for my Catalogue of Mr. Dodw ell's ·works, ·and he thanks m e in particular for the Justic e I have done to the M emory of his bes t and dearest Friend.' 12 With regard to the other papers which Dodwell left, Hearne after his perusal of them advised Cherry ' that none of his Discourses ought to b e printed but his Barnabas , & ye Discourse upon Th eophilus Antiochenus, unless we will ex8 9

Ibid ., p. 38.

Can on Overton, in his art icl e on Dod well in D .N.B.

i o Hearne)s Co llections. i,

210 ;

iv,

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cept the Cautionary Discourse, & yt De Auctore Operis a Rigaltio editi (ex Apographo Sirmondiano) pro Baptismo Haereticorum, & one or two other little Pieces. But then as to his Letters a noble Collection might be made, in two Parts, one to comprehend all those relating to the Revolution & the Schism, and the other all such as more immediately concern Learning, without any reference to Political Affairs, or to Ecclesiastical Cases. Tho' perhaps, after all, it might be proper to make no such Distinction but to print them all (I mean such as are really useful!, & written with skill & Judgment, & none else) in an exact Method, according. to the time in which they were written.' 13 But, except for the letters that passed between him and Bishop Burnet, it would seem that none of the papers or letters left by Dodwell has subsequently been published. 14 They were preserved

by Mrs. Dodwell, and after her death passed into the hands of successive members of the family until they came, unfortunately not intact, into the possession of Dodwell' s great-great-greatgrandson, Mr. Clement G. H. Chapman. It is due to Mr. Chapman's keen desire for their secure preservation that all the Dodwell MSS. belonging to him have found a fitting home in the Old Library of the Hall.

A portion of the original collection passed out of the hands of the family in 1856, when 195 letters addressed to Henry Dodwell were sent to Messrs. Puttick and Simpson for sale by auction, and were sold by them to Mr. James Toovey, the bookseller and publisher, and by him to a collector whose name I have not traced.

Other members of the family on hearing of this sale tried to ascertain the purchaser, but apparently without success. A rough list of the missing letters is preserved among the papers that have come into the possession of the Hall.

A thorough inventory of the collection acquired by the Hall has not yet been made, but it may be of interest if some indication of its contents is given here. The collection may be divided into three parts : (i) letters to and from Henry Dodwell, (ii) miscellaneous MSS. belonging to him, (iii) miscellaneous MSS. belonging to later members of the Dodwell family. (i) Among the letters addressed to Dodwell there are two most interesting letters from his friend Dr. William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, 15 on the occasion of the crisis over the Second Declaration of Indulgence· in 1688; the one is written on the eve of the crisis, 11 12 13 14

Ibid., iv,

108-31.

Ibid., iv, 127.

Ibid., iv, 32.

See the bibliography at the end of the article on Dodwell in D.N.B .

Subsequently translated first to the see of Lichfield and Coventry and then to that of Worcester. l5

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the other is written from the Tower on the day after the imprisonment there of the Seven Bish.ops. There is one from Archbishop Sancroft, written on D ec . 9 , 1690 , in answer to a request from Dodwell fo1- advice as to the propri ety of his continuing to occupy the Camden chair. The Archbishop co unselled him to retain the professorship: but, notwithstanding , rather than risk any suspicion of b eing compliant, Dodwell resigned. A long letter from Bishop Turner of Ely, one of th e deprived Bishops, d ated February rn, H-lrn, offers some criticism of the a rg um ents w hich Dodwell h ad used in his " Learned Apology for us of the Deprivation.' There are sever al letters fr om foreign scholars, one from Antonio Magli abechia, the eccentric librarian of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo III; two from J oannes Clericus, Professor of Philosophy at Amsterdam, who has b een styled ' the self-constituted inquisitor of the r epublic of literature ' ; eight fr om Jacobus Perizonius, Professor of History, Rhetoric and Greek at Leyden; four from Gottleib Sch elw ig (Schelvig iu s) , Professor of Greek at S edan, who was in O xford in 1708; two from Christoph er \Nolf, a German learned in Rabbinical studies; two from Balthasar Mentzer; and one from Johannes Fridricus Burg of Leipzig, all three of whom visited O xford, w here they m ade Hearne's acquaintance. There is a group of letters regarding t h e Schism from Dr. \tVilli am King, Archbishop of Dublin; Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chan cellor of Ireland ; and Mr. Percivale. T wo letters from Samuel K eble, a London bookseller of non-juring sympathies, tro ubled about his a ttitude to the established church, and Dodwell's careful reply, well illustrat e the pa in s that Dodwell was ready to take when his advice was sought even by a stranger. In addition to the letters written to Dodwell, the collection contains the copi es of several letters written

by Dodwell to Bishop Lloyd, Bishop K en, and other corresponden ts . (ii) Among the mi scellaneous p a pers belongin g to Dodwell there are several of his note-books, am ong them one containing school-boy exercises , another contai ning university di sputations of the time of his residence at Trinity College, Dublin. There a re also the MS. materia ls for his unpublished edition of Th e Epistle of Barnab as . 16 Here we have another link with St. Edmund H all.

If this edition had been published, Dodwell had intended to dedicate it ' ad Clarum Virum Ioannem Millium, S. Th. Prof., Aul<B Sanct-Edmondinm Principalem.' Dr. John Mill, Principal of the Hall from 1685 to .1707, one of the chief New Testament scholars of his time, was a considerable fri end to learning, whose studies in many respects lay in the same field as those of Dodwell. It was from Mill that Dodwell received the first news of his appointment to the Camden chair.

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(iii) The collection comprises a few MSS. which belong to a period subsequent to Dodwell's death . Chief in inter est among these is the original MS. preserved by his daughter, Elizabeth, of the correspondence which passed bet ween h er and William L aw .

This correspondence w as published posthumously in 1779 under the title L etters to a Lady Inclined to enter into t he Communion of the Church of Rome. Hith erto it has o nly been surmised that th e la d y of this correspondence was Elizabeth Dodwell.17 The MS. contains copies of E lizabeth Dodwell's letters as well as the originals of Law's letters to her. H er letters have n ever been published, a nd from a comparison of the MS. with the text of L etters to a L ady &c . it a ppears that port ions of L aw 's letters were omitted by their editor when prepa red for publication. The pencillings scoring out the po rtions to b e omitted are still visible. It is clear from a p eru sal of M iss Dodwell 's letters that her doubts o n religiou s m a tters we re due to the views on Christianity expressed by her eldest brot her, H enry Dodwell, w hose r emarkable pamphlet, entitled Christianity not f ounded on Argument, published ten years later, created a considerable stir. 1 8 Law successfully resolved h er doubts. His letters still stand out as a strikin g apologia for the Anglican position. In ~738 Elizabeth Dodwell m a rried the Rev. L ewis Southcomb, son of a Non-juring R ector of R oseash in Devon .19 She died in 1778.

Mention may also b e made of the copy of a long letter ' from an English Traveller a t Rome t o hi s F ath er of th e 6th of May 172i. o .s .,' in w hict there is a most a ttractive description of m eetings with the Old Pretender and his Princess . The handwriting of the copy resembles that of Elizab eth Dodwell, but th e identity of the a u t hor of the letter is not disclosed .

A. B. E.

OBITUARY THE RIGHT HON. EDWARD, VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODON, K.G .

CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIV ERS ITY VISI TO R OF THE HALL

As Chancellor of the University, Lord Grey was, by virtue of his office , Visitor of the H alL Owin g to grow ing infirmity of h ealth he did not com e as frequ ently to _O xford as his predecessor, Lord C.ave, who cordi ally displayed his interest in the Hall. But although 16 See Brokesby, The Life of Nfr. H enry Dodwell , pp. 505-1 3, a nd H earne's Collections, _i, 2rn.

1 7 See t he article o n L a.:V in D. N.B. a rid the P refatory ·Adverti sem ent to Vol. ix of Th e Works of the Rev . W. Law , ed. G .B .M . , 1893 .

1 s See t he article on H enry D odwell, t h e youn ger, in D. N .B. 19 See · H. Broxap, Th1J Later Non-jurors, p. 31 6.

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Lord Grey did not make acq uaintance with the Hall during hi s Visitorship, all members of the Hall w ill feel that it is the privilege of their society to add a tribute to the many that have been paid to the memory of a man who brought to the conduct of British politics a singleness of mind, a huma nity of outlook, and a d evotion to hig h principles that were true to the finest traditions of Oxford and of E ng land.

A. B.E. HENRY JAMES BOYS The R ev . Henry James Boys, M.A ., died on December 30, 1932, aged ninety-o ne, at the Homes of St. Barnabas, Dorma ns, Surrey, where he had been resident as a n invalid for several years. At th e time of his death he was the oldest surviving member of th e Hall, hav ing matriculated on February 4, 1865. He was Captain of Boats in Michaelmas Term, 1866. H e graduated as B.A. in 1867, a nd was ordained the same year to the curacy of Hunstanton ih Norfolk. He was ordained priest in 1868, .and gradu ated as M.A. in 1871 . In the following· year he was a ppointed Vicar of St. Peterfree-Mountergate, Norwich, but resigned t his living the next year on becoming a Minor Canon of Rochester Cathedral. In 1877 he was a ppointed Rectm of St. John-the-Divine, Chatham. Nine year s later he became R ector of Layer-Marney in Essex, where h e r emained until his retirement in 1917 .

A.B.E. WALTER WARD The Rev. Walter Ward, M.A., died at Hessle, East Yorkshire, on Jun e 2, aged seventy-nine. H e matriculated as a commoner of W adham College in Michaelmas Term, 1872, and mig rat ed to the H;all in the following O ctober on his appointment as Organist Exhibitioner. Afte1· taking Honour Classical Mod eration s he read Groups, graduating B.A. in 1876. H e was ordained in 1881 to a curacy at Ecclesfield, n ear Sheffield, and proceeded to the priesthood in th e following yea r. In 1884 h e went out to South Australia, where he was incumbent of the Church of the Epiphany, Crafers, unti l 1886, and then incumbent of St. Bede, Semaphore. From 1888 to 1891 he was Diocesan In spector of the diocese of Adelaide .

In t he la t ter yea r he return ed to England and was for two yea rs Chapla in to the Sheffield General Infirmary. In l 893 he was a ppointed Vicar of Newington, Hull, where h e did an excellent wo rk in bu ilding up a n ew parish. After seven years there he accepted t he vica rage of Sewerby , with Ma1·ton, Grindall and Ergh.am. H e retired in 1929, but continu ed to live in East Yorkshire , w h ere he had been a well-beloved in cumbent for thirty-six yea rs. H e m arried

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a daughter of Dr. Gatty, whose curate he had been at Ecclesfield: his wife's sister was Mrs. Ewing, the famous writer of children's stories.

A.B.E. HUGH FAWCETT WATSON The Rev. Hugh Fawcett Watson, M.A., died at Bristol on October l, aged seventy-three. He was entered at the Hall on October, 1879, and read the Honour School of Theology, graduating in 1882. He was ordained to the curacy of Batley Carr, near Dewsbury, in 1883. Nex,t year he proceeded to the priesthood, and in the year following became curate of Knowle, Bristol, where he remained until his appointment as Vicar of St. Raphael, Bristol, in 1900. After an incumbency of twenty-one years, he retired in 1921, but continued for three years longer to act as Chaplain to the Sisters of Charity at Know le.

A. B. E. CHARLES PERCY SHIPTON The Rev. Charles Percy Shipton, M.A., died at his Rectory of Halsham, in Holderness, on July 13, aged seventy-two. He was l:>orn in 1861, just as his father was beginning his rectorship at Halsham. He was educated at Stratford-on-Avon Grammar School, 1fo d came up to the Hall in January, l88i. He took his B.A. degree in 1884 and M.A. in 1894. He had keen antiquarian interests, and v.1hile he was an undergraduate obtained a post in Bodley. He resig·ned it after taking his degree because of his strong call to ordination. Shipton was an eager follower of the Oxford Movement and was well known as a member of its right wing. A Hall story records that one Ascension Day he was early in the Chapel with the censer that he used in his oratory, and that the Principal on his arrival was surprised to find the air laden with incense. It is a tradition among his friends that his advertisement for a title included the phrase 'Views Tridentine.' Certainly when he obtained a title in the diocese of Exeter the then Bishop (Temple) rejected him on account of his opinions. He was ultimately ordained in Scotland, deacon 1886, priest 1887, by the Bishop of Aberdeen and licensed to the curacy of Aberlour. Later he worked at Abingclon ; All Saints', Plymouth; Holy Trinity, Bury; and St. Thomas', Stamford Hill, until in 1898 he became Vicar of Haroldston \!Vest with Larnbton in Pembrokeshire. He resigned it in 1905 to succeed his father as Rector of Halsham ; there father and son between them \Vere Rectors for seventy-two years. A keen member of the group of clergy known as ' the Plymouth Brethren,' and once a colleague and till his death a devoted friend of their leader, C. R.

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Chase, Shipton remained loyal to the Church of his baptism when Chase and several others of the group became Roman Catholics in the 'crisis' of 1899. He read widely in certain directions; he knew Europe well; much of it he had cycled over with Mrs. Shipton. As " in local affairs, lay and Rector of Halsham he took an active part clerical. For years he was a m ember, and latterly vice-chairman, of the Patrington Board of Guardians . To the las t he was keenly interested in the Hall and enthu siastic abo ut its development. At his burial the officiating priests were both Hall men-W. H. Baker, Vicar of St. Silas', Hull, w ho gave th e address, had been up with him as an undergrad uate, and H. S. Glover, Rector of Roos, who celebrated the Requiem. A considerable number of books from his library , selected by the Principal at her request, has been given to the Hall by Mrs. Shipton in m emory of her husband, and will be preserved as ' the Shipton Collection.'

S. L. 0LLARD. ERNEST HAVERGAL The R ev. Ernest Havergal, M.A., died at his hom e in Sa ltford, near Bristol, on J an uary 28, th e anniversary of his matriculation, aged seventy-two. He was the fourth son of the Rev. H. E. Havergal. He went to Bishop's Stortford School, and , following the precedent of his grandfather, the R ev . W. H. Havergal, the well-known composer of sacred music, he came up to the Hall, matriculating in Hilary Term , 1882 . He was Presid ent of the Ha11 Debat ing Society in Michaelmas Term, 1883. After taking the Final Honour School of Theology, he graduated B.A. in 1885, and M.A. in 1888. The year after he went down he was ordained to the curacy of vVestfield, Sussex. On the death of his vicar in 1889 11C went as curate to St. Luke's, Brighton, but being obliged to relinquish work there in 1891 on account of his health, he went to the country parish of Sec\lescombe, where he remained for four years . In 1895 he decided to migrate to the Hereford diocese, in which his grandfather and his uncle had both worked, a nd accepted a curacy at Meole Brace in Shropshire; but two years later he returned to Sussex, first to Arundel and then again to Westfield, where h e was from 1898 to l goo. 'i\Thil e at Westfield he married M argaret, the third daughter of the Rev. D. MacLeod, and granddaughter of Dr . Tho m as Fuller, Bishop of Niagara. After a bri ef curacy at Kippingto n , Sevenoaks, he was presented by Christ Church, Oxford, in 1901 to the vicarage of Great and _Little Hampton, in Worcestershire, where h e was for twelve years. In 1914 he acc·e pted the vicarage of Twyning, in Gloucestershire, where he continued until his retirement owing to failing h ealth in

THE RE \ '. C. P. SH I PTON, M.A :

THE PRl~ C I P. \ L ' S G.-\RDE:\ .

(D cstroyPd by th e e rec ti o n of t he !Vla su ni c Buil di ng in 1906 .)

Fro m :i pl10 rog r~1ph tak e n by t he Re v. G. I'. S . G resham abou t 1886.

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1927. He inherited the musical talent which has given his family prominence in the annals of English church music. With the exception of two years in Brighton, his ministry lay in rural parishes, where he maintained at a high level the best traditions of the country parson. He exemplified his continuing regard for the Hall by entering his second son, Mr. D. E. Havergal, as a member in 1922.

A.B.E. ALFRED EDWARD CLARKE The Rev. Alf; ed :"Edward · Cfarke, ,.M.A., died at his home, Crescent Wood Hon·s~", Sydenha'm ' Hill, on February 24, 1932, aged seventy. He was the second son of Mr. S. E. J. Clarke, Secretary to the Bengal Chamber of Commerce. He came up to the Hall from Bedford School in Michaelmas Term, 1882, and read for Honour Classical Moderations. He graduated as B.A. in 1887, and was ordained in the following· year to the curacy of St. Peter's, Islington. In 1888 he was ordained priest, and in 1889 became curate of St. Mark's, Preston, but resigned this curacy a year later.

Henceforward he devoted himself with Lutheran zeal to the evangelical work of the ' Old Paths Bible Brotherhood,' which he founded. He did not hesitate to face hardship in his endeavour to rouse public opinion to the necessity for a ' new Reformation.' In an introduction to Mr. Clarke's first booklet the Rev. C. H. Spurgeon wrote : ' I sympathise with Mr. Clarke in that uncompromising fidelity to his convictions which had led him to break up old associations and bear his personal witness for his Lord. Even if I did not agree with his views, I should admire his self-sacrifice.'

No one who met him could fail to respect the urgency of his conviction. In later years he wa s licensed to officiate in the diocese of Rochester. He showed the liveliest interest in the development of the Hall, and entered his youngest son, Mr. J. H. T. Clarke, as a member of it in 1925.

A.B.E. GEORGE FREDERICK STANLEY GRESHAM The Rev. George Frederick Stanley Gresham, M.A., died at Hove on February 16, aged sixty-eight. He came up to the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1885. .After obtaining a Second in the Final Honour School of Theology, he grnduated as B .A. in 1889, and was ordained the same year to the curacy of St. Andrew's, Bethnal Green. He was ordained priest in l 891, and took the degree of M.A. in l8g2. He went to be curate to Fr. Dolling at St. Agatha's, Landport in 1895, and was there during the unfortunate controversy over the 'third altar' which precipitated Fr. Dolling's re-

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signation. From the slums of Portsmouth he returned to the slums of London, and worked from 1896 to 1902 as c urate of All Saints ', Walworth. In the lat ter year he went to St. P a ul's, Brighton, as curate to Fr. Halliwell. In 1905 h e returned to London and was at All Hallows' , N. St. P ancras, for two years, and then moved to St. Aug·ustin e's, Croydon, where h e remain ed until ill health obliged him to resign in 1910. In 191 7 h e returned to Brighton a nd ag·ain helped at St. Paul' s , working on until 1925 , after which date his uncerta in h ealth only allowed him to assist intermittently. ' Throughout his life,' writes one who knew him well, ' h e bore the cros s of suffering with C hrist-like submission a nd cheerfulness.

To thi s is no doubt due the fact that h e fel t him self unable to accept p refermen t. H e was a musician of no m ean order. H e was conversant with modern as well as classical languages, and ha d travelled widely.' His goDdness, hi s cheerfuln ess , hi s enthus_iasm impressed a ll who came into contact with him.

H e was a devoted m ember of the H a ll, and, although h e was prevented by ill h ealth from coming up for the a nnua l reunion as often as h e wo uld have w ished, he followed the achievements of the Hall with great interest. The success of the Torpid or the Eight was sure to be noticed by him. ' I would have wired,' he wrote in 193 1, ' only I sometimes refrain from fea r of b ecoming a nuisa nce of an old buffer buttin g in from p·rehi storic cl ays . Still it does g ive us elders very g reat pleasure when we hear of achievements so far beyond what was possible in our t imes and with our limited numbers.' On another occasion he sent a print of a photo· graph that he had taken, as an undergraduate, of the Prin c ipal's garden, which then extend ed from the east end of the Chapel to the city wall, as h e thought tha t this lost view might be of interest. It is th e a ffectionate mindfulness o.f elder members such as h e tha t has s usta ined in the Hall a tradi tion of loyal ty w hich has m eant A.B.E. much for its well- being.

RICHARD HENRY O'DONOVAN The R ev. Hen ry Richard O'Donovan, M.A . , died a t 78 Richmo nd Road, W., on April 22, aged sixty-four. H e entered the Hall in Hilary Term, 1887 1 and gradua ted B.A. in 1889 . On his ordination in 189 1 h e went as curate to St. Paul's, vValworth. H e w as ordained priest the n ext year. After holding a c uracy at Gravesend for three years, be became, as hi s fa ther before him, a Royal Naval Chapla in. During his twenty-five years in the S ervice , from 1896 to 1921 , he served in a large number of m en-o-war. At the outbreak of th e War he was C haplai n on board the Princes s Royal, of the

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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1st Battle Cruiser Squadron, and served in her at the Battle of Jutland. In 1917 he was appointed Chaplain to the R.N. Air Station at Calshot, and in 1918 was transferred to Haulbowline Dockyard and R.N. Hospital. He spent his last three years in the Service as Chaplain to the R.N. Hospital at Plymouth. After his retirement, he acted as Chaplain from 1921 to 1924 at the church of St. John.the-Evangelist, Boulogne-sur-mer. From 1924 to 1926 he assisted at All Saints', Cheriton Street, Folkestone; from 1928 to 1930 at St. Stephen's', Shepherd's Bush; a nd from 1930 until the time of his death at St. J am es's , Nor lands. He several times attended the.

Annual Reunion of old m embers, where his cheerf{i] personality was always welcome. He was a generous supporter of the New Building Fund.

A.B.E.

UT FAMA EST The congratulations of the Hall are due to the Bishop of Carlisle on the very successful way in which the Sooth anniversary of the foundation of the See of Carlisle was celebrated this year.

Th e Rev. Canon S. L. Ollard (Vice-Principal, 1903-13) and Mrs. Ollard are assured of the sympathy of members of the H all in the loss which they have s ustain ed th rough the death of their fourth son, John Cathrew Ollard, aged 12.

The Rev. Canon L. Hodgson (Vice-Principal, 19 14-1 9) has been appointed a Select Preacher to the University of Oxford and to the Univers ity of Cambridge.

Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad is to be congratulated on his appointment as H eadmaster of the Government High School, Osmanabad, Sholapur, India.

The Rev. H. M. Ainscow has b een appointed Rector of Ousby, Cumberland.

The Rev. G. H. i\ldis is with the China Inla nd Mission, at Nanchung, Szechwan. He has we ll recov ered from the a ttack of ty phoid fever which h e contracted at the beginning of the year.

Th e Rev. Canon D. Armytage is to be con gratulated on his appointment as Canon Missioner o f Southwark and Ward en of the College of St. Saviour, Carshalton . He r elinqui shes the Wardens hip of St. Anselm H a ll, where h e has done so much to build up in tru e Aularian tradition a Hall of Residence connected with the University of Manchester.

The Rev. D.J. Arter has been appointed Vicar of H ay, Breconshire.

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Mr. J. H. Beeley was married on April 18 to Miss Margaret Evelyn Price, younger daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Price of Cleethorpes, at Holy Trinity Church, Old Clee, Grimsby.

Mr. J. E. Beswick has been appointed an assistant master at Churchers College, Petersfield.

The Rev. K. M. Bishop has been appointed to the clergy staff of Bradford Cathedral.

Mr. H. A. Blair was married on September 14 to Miss Honor MacAdam, daughter of Mrs. MacAdam, at St. Saviour's, Shanklin. The Rev. C. A. Plaxton officiated.

Mr. \iV. W. J. Bolland has won the Maddick Cup, which is awarded annually at Scotland Yard for individual merit m Club sport and games.

Mr. W. V. Brelsford was married on July 27.

The Rev. N. K. Brownsell has been appointed to serve in the parish of Ail Saints', Cheltenham.

The Rev. F. Buchanan has been appointed Vicar of Greetland, Halifax.

The Rev. H. W. Butterworth has been appointed Vicar of Whalley, Lancashire.

Mr. J. E. A. Bye was married on August 15 to Miss Phyllis Ethel Baker, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton Baker of Purley, Berks, at Purley parish church. He has been appointed District Commissioner of the Mathuata Magisterial District, Vanua Levu, Fiji.

The Rev. C. F. Cardale has been appointed to serve in the parish of Kirkburton, Huddersfield.

The Rev. E. P. Carter has gone out to N. Rhodesia as a missionary, and is at Kawimbe, Abercorn.

Mr. N. P. Casady has been appointed to the staff of Wheaton College, Massachusetts, U. S.A. The Rev. A. S. Chandler, who has joined the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, has been appointed Priest-in-charge at Broken Hill, N. Rhodesia.

The Rev. W. S. Coad has been appointed Vicar of St. James', New Brighton, Cheshire.

The Rev. D. J. Cockle has been appointed to serve in the parish of Netherton, near Dudley, Worcestershire.

The Rev. W. A. Congdon has been appointed Vicar of Clearwell, Coleford, Glos.

The Rev. R. G. Cornwell has been appointed to serve in the parish of the Ascension, Portsmouth.

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The Rev. S. Cox was married on October 14 to Miss Vera Lucinda Privett, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Privett, at All Souls', Langham Place.

Mr. N. Dawson has been appointed an assistant master of the Grammar School, St. Albans.

Mr. N. G. Fisher has been appointed an assistant master of the High Pavement School, Nottingham.

The Rev. R~ St. J. Fisher has been appointed to s~rve in the parish of All Saints', Clayton-le-Moors, Accrington.

The Rev. Duncan Fraser has become a Novice of the Society of St. John the Evangelist, in New York City.

The Rev. C. W. Fullmer has been appointed Rural Dean of Newport Pagnell.

The Rev. Canon W. L. Gilbanks is to be congratulated on having celebrated this year the jubilee of his admission to the priesthood and to the rectory of Great Orton.

The Rev. H. S. Glover has resigned the rectory of Roos, Hull.

He is going to reside in Norwich.

The Rev. W. D. Gower-Jones has been appointed Assistant Chaplain of Manchester Royal Infirmary.

Mr. G. E. H. Grigson has been appointed Assistant Literary Editor of the Morning Post.. He is to be congratulated on the appearance of his periodical, New Verse, which he is editing.

The Rev. J. H. D. Grinter has been appointed Vicar of Wellington with W. Buckland, Somerset.

Mr. E. C. R. Hadfield has become a partner in the firm of Stonewall Jackson, booksellers, in St. Martin's Lane, London.

The Rev. Canon A. C. Hair is to be congratulated on his appointment as an Honorary Canon of Ely. Mr. E. L. Harvey has been appointed Assistant Professor of History at the Egyptian University, Cairo.

The Rev. R. H. Hawkins has been appointed Vicar of Dalston, with Cumdivock, Carlisle.

Mr. W. H. Hindle has been appointed Editor of the Review of Reviews, and Assistant Editor of Lovat Dickson's Magazine, a new short story magazine of distinctive literary merit.

Lieut. A. C. Hordern, 22nd (Cheshire) Regt., is stationed at Landi Kotal, North-West Frontier, India.

The Rev. J.B. C. Hordern was married on September 26, 1932, to Miss Elsie Louise Spiller, daughter of Mr. and Mts. Frank Spiller.

Mr. S. Iguchi has been appointed to the Japanese ConsulateGeneral in New York.

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Mr. G. E. Janson-Smith is to be congratulated on the birth of a son on March 3.

The Rev. P. T. Jefferson is to be congratulated on the formation of the Johannesburg Housing Utility Co., of the General Committee of which he is the Chairman, and on his challenging prospectus, To Hell with Slums.

The Rev. D. E. M. G. Jones was married on December 12, by the Rev. L. C. Baber, to Miss Dorothy Louise Proctor, the only daughter of the late Mr. E. B. Proctor and Mrs. Proctor, J.P., at St. Peter's, Bayswater.

Mr. A. W. Keith-Steele is with Messrs. Herington, Pearch & New, Solicitors, Hastings.

The Ven. W. K. Knight-Adkin, C.B., 0.B.E., has resigned the Chaplaincy of the Fleet. He is to be congratulated on his appointment as Dean of Gibraltar.

Mr. G. P. W. Lamb has joined the staff of Davies's, the wellknown Civil Service coaches.

The Rev. W. J. Lancaster has been appointed an assistant curate of Scotforth, Lancaster.

The Rev. R. N. Lawson has been appointed Vicar of Berkswick with vValton, Staffs.

Mr. M. A. McCanlis was married on April I 2 to Miss Christian Dundas Hamilton, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Hamilton, at Holy Trinity, Brompton.

The Rev. D. S. P. Mackintosh has been appointed Vicar of Christ Church, Swansea.

Mr. G. E. Marfell is studying hotel management at the Hotel Adlon, Berlin.

The Rev. W. W. S. March has been appointed to serve in the parish of St. Andrew's, Bascombe.

Mr. G. M. Mercer was married on August 22 to Miss Marjorie Vernon Walker at St. Mary's, Prestwich, Manchester. The Rev. K~ C. Oliver assisted.

The Rev. B. P. Mohan has been appointed Vicar of Ludham, Great Yarmouth.

The Rev. A. M.acL. Murray has been appointed Vice-Principal of Wells Theological College.

The Rev. R. R. Nattrass is chaplain at St. Anne's Presbytery, Emsworth.

Mr. J. C. Nield has been appointed an assistant master of the Church of England Grammar School, Sydney, N.S.W. The Rev. H. Palmer has been appointed Vicar of St. George's, Lee Mount, Halifax.

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39

The Rev. Canon F. Peacock is to be congratulated on his appointment as a Residentiary Canon of Gloucester.

Mr. H. E. Pegg has been appointed an assistant master under the Government of Southern Rhodesia.

The Rev. G. C . Pownall has been appointed to a curacy at Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.

The Rev. E . L. G. Powys, who has joined the South American Mission, has gone out to Makthlawaiya, Concepcion, Paraguay, to work among the Chaca Indians.

The Rev. R. E. Priestly has been appointed Vicar of Treverbyn, Cornwall.

Mr. M. J. V. Print has been appointed an assistant master of Larchfield School, Helensburgh.

The Rev. F. N. Robathan, Minor Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, has been appointed Sacrist and Junior Cardinal.

Mr. F. G. Roberts was married on August 2 2 to Miss Muriel Elizabeth Brown, B.A. (Bristol), daughter of Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brown, at St. Thomas', Rhyl.

The Rev. A. P. Rose has been appointed to serve in The Rev. V. W. A. Rossborough has been appointed Rector of Wallington with Rushden, H erts.

The Rev. E. Royle has been appointed Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Southwark.

The Rev. Canon H. H. Rumsey is to be congratulated on his appointment to an Honorary Canonry in Leicester Cathedral. H e has also been appointed Rural Dean of Akeley East.

Mr. P. J . Sandison was married on March 30 to Miss Annette Margaret Birkbeck Edmonds, B.A.., daughter of Brig.-General Sir J ames Edmonds, at Chelsea Old Church. He is to be congratulated on the birth of a daughter on December 28.

The Rev. A. Sargent is to be congratulated on his appointment as a Six Preacher in Canterbury Cathedral.

The Rev. G. Sayle is priest-in-charge of Holy Cross, and not Vicar of St. Paul's, Middlesbrough, as st'ated in the last issue of the Magazine.

The Rev. J. A. Schofield has been appointed Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Bendigo. · The Rev. R. Shepheard has been appointed Vicar of Hartwith, Harrogate.

The Rev. R. C. Shuttleworth has been appointed Vicar of Meanwood, Leeds.

The Rev. F. A. Smalley, who has been a year in Oxford on leave, working for the Degree of B. Litt., sailed for China in

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November to resume his work at the West China Union University, Chengtu, Szechwan.

The Rev. A. E. Smith represented Oxford in the annual Chess match between ' past ' members of Oxford and Cambridg·e U niversities on December 16.

The Rev . P . S . Sprent has been appointed Assistant Priest at St. Peter' s, Walworth.

The Rev . A . E. A. Sulston has been appointed a Fellow of St. Augustine' s College, Canterbury.

The R ev . C. H. Sutton has b een appointed to serve in the parish of St. Crispin's, Bermondsey.

Mr. R. C . Thomas has been appointed an assistant master of the Preparatory School, Bedford School.

Mr. G . W. Thornhill, who resumed residence for a year in order to r ead for the Diploma in Education, has been appointed an assistant master of Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School, Rochester.

Mr. J. C . Toland has returned from Burma and joined the staff of Messrs. Eburite Corrugated Containers Ltd. Mr. N. B. Trenham is to be congratulated on the birth of Noble Bradford on May 24.

Mr. F. H. Trott has been teaching a t the S chille am Turm, Wiener Neusta dt.

Mr . E. Urry has been appointed an assistant master of Palmer's School, Grays, Essex.

The Rev. G. S. Wamsley has been appointed to serve in the parish of St. Stephen's, Gloucester.

The Rev. J . W. C. Wand, Dean and Fellow of Oriel, is very warmly to be congratulated on his appointment to be Archbishop of Brisbane . Members of the Hall, especially those who were his contemporaries and those who were his pupils when he was Lecturer of the Hall in Theology , will rejoice at the distinction that has been conferred upon him.

Mr. R. W aye ha s been appointed a n 'assistant master of Radley College.

The Rev. R. B. White has been appointed Secretary of the Evangelical Churchmen's Ordination Council.

Mr. P. A. \!Vorner has been appointed an a ssistant master of Pannal Ash College, Harrogate .

The Rev. Canon T. W . Wright has been appointed Rector of Peatling Parva, Rugby.

The Rev. J. C. Yates h as been appointed to serve in the parish of St. Paul, Thornaby-on-Tees.

ST. EDMUND .HALL MAGAZINE The Rev. R. F. Yates has been appointed Assistant Priest at the parish church, Chesterfield.

The following Aularians living abroad have been in England this year: - Mr. ]. H. Beeley (Nigeria), Mr. J. S. D. Beeley (U.S.A.), Mr; H. A. Blair (Gold Coast), Mr. H. V. Brelsford (N. Rhodesia), Mr. J.E. A . Bye (Fiji), Mr. D. K. Daniels (Ta nganyika Territory), Mr. R. L. Hill (Sudan), Mr. G. E. J anso n-Smith (India), Professor F. G. Marcham (U.S .A.), Mr. A. W. Read (U.S.A.), Mr. P. J. Sandison (Sudan).

We have gathered the following particulars concerning those Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the Maga-

zine : Mr. H. J. Andrews has been appointed an assistant master of Forest Hill House School, Forest Hill, S.E. Mr. A. K. Barton has b een appointed an assistant master of the High School, Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Mr. A. E. Bell has been appointed an assistant master of St. Marylebone Grammar School.

Mr. G. S. Bessey has been appointed an assistant master of Keighley Grammar School.

Mr. E. J. Bowden has been appointed an assistant master of W estbourne House School, Penarth.

Mr. ]. Bradley has been appointed to Tanganyika Territory as a Cadet in the Colonial Administration Service, a nd is taking the Colonial Office 's course in Oxford.

Mr. G. A. D. Calderwood has been appointed an assistant master of Eltham College.

Mr. G. S . Cansdale has received an appointment in the Tropical Forestry Service under the Colonial Office; and is taking the Colonial Office's course in Oxford .

Mr. S. A. R. Guest is at \Vycliffe Hall.

Mr. G. . R. Hayston h as been engaged work in Barrow-in-Furness.

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adult educational

Mr. M. H ealey has been appointed an assistant master of Wolstanton School, Staffordshire.

Mr. C. J. Mabey has been appointed to Sierra Leone as a Cadet in the Colonial Administration Service, and is taking the Colonial Office's course in Oxford .

Mr. W. W. S. March h a s been at Wycliffe Hall and Liddon House.

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Mr. H. Moyse-Bartlett has been appointed an assistant master of the Nautical College, Pangbourne.

Mr. R. B. I. Pates h as been appointed an assistant master of Richmond Hill School.

Mr. G. E. Price has been a ppointed an assistant master of the County Sch ool for Boys, Westcliff-on-Sea .

Mr. E. L. Phillips is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. M. W. Scott is with M essrs. Butterfield & Swire, East India Merchants, and sailed for China at the end of the year.

Mr. J. F. Tait is at the Bishop's Hostel, Lincoln.

Mr. G. B . Timms is at the College of the R esurrection, Mirfield.

Mr. J. H . Tyzack h a s been appointed an assistant master of Manchester Grammar School.

Mr. M. P. Vidal-Hall is working under H.M. Forest Commissioners in Northumberla~d.

Mr. J. G. W eather ston is at the College of th e Resurrection, Mirfield.

During the year the following Aularians have been orda ined : D eacons .-C. F. Cardale (Wakefield); D. J. Cockle (Worcester); R. G. Cornwell (Portsmouth); W.W. S. March (Winchester); A. P. Rose (Durham); J. H. Torrens (Worcester); G. S. Wamsley (Gloucester); J. C . Yates (York).

P riests .-Rev. G. H. Aldis (West Chin a) ; Rev. D . Fraser (New York City); Rev . R . Horton (Liverpool) ; R ev. K. C . Oliver (Ripon); R ev . R. M . Parker (Southwark); R ev . N. A. P erry-Gore (Southwark); Rev. C . H. Sutton (Southwark); R ev . C. C . Shaw (Portsmouth).

SOCIETIES, 1933 THE DEBATING SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1933.

President-R. A. SANDISON. Vice-President-D. J. A. L OBB. Secretary-W. G. FALLOWS. This was a term of great activity; it saw a forcible ejection, for which th e musc.ular a rm of C. J. Hayes was used to exemplary advantage; a n abortive rath er p re mat ure attempt to celebrate our sooth meeting ; and an exceptionally large number of excellent speeches from gentlem en in their first year. Among other members G. A. Forrest was notable for hi s impassion ed oratory, and the · slightly pink tinge of his political ideas; T. P. Hamerton for his

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sincerity and forcefulness; T . J. Childs for being always worth hearing, even if slightly involved; the Grand Patriarch for the aptness of his wit and the appropriateness of his fatherly attitude; and the tellers for their inaccuracy. The standard of debate was uniformly high, and the house showed that it could debate a serious motion with clue gravity and a flippant one with lively humour.

R.A.S. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-T. J. CHILDS. Vice -President-W . G. FALLOWS. Secretary-H. H. E. PEACOCK. The Debating Society this term has derived its doctrine very much' from women's eyes.' Hence its success. A debate with the Oxford U11iversity Women's Union produced a succession of excellent speeches. Ease and eloquence combined in an admirable fashion. The motion ' That civilisation can only be achieved by educating one class at the expense of the others ' seemed, on the surface, to invite serious discussion. But T. P. Hamerton, at the expense of pigs, K. D. Luke, at the expense of Americans, and J. J. Quinn, at the expense of the Visitors, introduced an element of .gaiety into their speeches which corresponded to th e atmosphere of the evening. The motion might almost have been given a subtitle, 'Are you a Lady's Man?' The President is still wondering.

The ' away fixture' with Somerville College Debating Society was productive less of eloquence than conversation . Education was again the topic : ' That current methods of Education are in need of drastic revision . ' The IT!anner of debating was less formal, and there were many speakers still wishing to address th e House when the President, somewhat peremptorily, dosed the debate. ~ut the discussion continued, degenerating ,quickly into conversation. A very pleasant evening.

The other debates of the term were very uneven in quality.

Speakers seemed to find difficulty in attracting attention, and at times the Dining Hall became a smoking-room. It was moved that 'Every member addressing the House should tell a funny story,' and this was only rejected by a narrow majority. But it does to some extent express the attitude of the House towards the meetings. It provokes the question, 'For what does the Debating Society stand?' 'Is it a mere beer-swilling, coffee-consuming, biscuit-biting Society? ' It is difficult to give a short answer, and every President is bound to answer it for himself. There is opportunity in the Society for closely-reasoned argument as well as the more flippant speaker. The best speeches this term have combined wit and learning. But political questions have not b een treated in

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that serious fashion which is customary at th e Union, and which the Debating Society itself has known during its history. It is the prerogative of the Society to be able to welcome a ll m embers of the HalJ to its meetings, and there is opportunity for all ty pes of speakers. But a d ebate mu st be conducted with decorum, and it is to be hoped that those who are seriously interested in politics will find a place in the Society. During the term an attempt was mad e to amend the rule which forbids the introduction of theological arguments, but this was rej ected, and the more progressive members of the Society will have to create a stronger opinion on this matter if the rule is to be changed.

There have been a number of keen speakers among the Freshmen. J. Park has caught the ear with his saturnine tones, J. J. Quinn possesses an enviable ease of m anner, and G. W. M<::Naught a greater m as tery of his arguments than some. Among more experienced m embers G. A. Forrest has spoken with his accustomed fluency, though upon occasions it rather tickles the ear than a ttracts the a ttention ; G. S. Keen (ex-President) continues to enliven the House with urbane pronouncements upon men and manners; while G. C. R. Barker has proved a worthy successor to D. J. A. Lobb, who has been greatly missed by the Society.

For the Hilary Term th e following have been elected officers:President, W. G. Fallows; Vice-President, H. H. E. Peacock; Secretary, K. D. Luke.

T.J.C. ESSAY SOCIETY. HILARY TERM,

President-T.

J.

1933.

CHILDS.

To expose popular prejudices was the unavowed aim of the Essay Society this· term. Or, in other words, self-enlightenment.

The atmosphere of Room 33, combined with the fact that the members knew each other fairly intima tely, seemed to induce a warmth of expression, a frankness of opinion. In the cliscussionspursued into the last hour of the day-it was impossible to mistake the familiar openings, ranging from a mild remonstrance, 'My dear sir . . . ' to a flat disagreement, ' On the contrary . . . ' or to some monosyllable expressive of utter contempt.

In some ways the effect was unfor tunate. Upon occasions it seemed as if the highest compliment the Society could pay an essayist was to listen patiently to his reading, a nd then to discuss something only remotely connected with his subject. But on the other hand there was a marked clarity of expression in most of the

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essays. Sentences were short, and strong; illustrations to the point.

To smash an idol it was at least necessary to observe its features; before expressing a prejudice it was necessary to expound it.

The first essay was less biassed than any. G. H. W. White, writing on 'English Literary Relations with Wales, attempted to show what the Englishman had found in Wales; how T. L. Peacock had found there a wife and a background for his novel, The Misfortun es of Elphin; how George Borrow ·had satisfied his insatiable love of the picturesque; and how Tennyson h ad discovered that 'Celtic magic' which he expressed in his poetry. It was a wellinformed essay; but the last name to be m entioned, that of Caradoc Evans, was the one which seized the imagination of the Society.

It was thought to be odd that an ex iled Welshman should be so unusually truthful or unnecessarily ruthless about his native land.

And which of these alternatives it was the Society could not d ecide.

Caradoc Evans, a quiet spirit, brooded oyer the meeting. The transition from a discussion of Engli sh Literature to \N' elsh Nationalism was thus easily effected.

At the second m eeting it was from Spanish poetry to R el igious Mysticism. E. E. Lowe, in a brief but varied essay, 'A Candle to the Stars,' wrote of St. John of the Cross. The essay was written with a conscious feeling for style. St. John, poet and mystic, was presented against a background of Toledo; and this landscape background . was woven into the essay to give it a unity. The ausetrity of his surroundings served to h eighten b y contrast the vivid colours of St. John' s poetry and to accentuate the fervour of the m ystic's devotion. The high seriousness of the essay was well preserved in the ensu ing discussion, although the more immediate subject was neglected for one of more general interest-Mysticism.

Two essays of the term dealt with Architecture. The President, having failed to induce certain members to fulfil their obligations to the Society , filled in a gap with ' The Flaw in the Pyramid.' In this essay h e rode hell-for-leather his prejudices with regard to E gyptian art, American architecture, and T . S. Eliot. A sardonic piece of wo rk. E. E. H~ ghes was no less prejudiced in favour of Gothic architecture in writing of 'The Eighth Wonder of the World.' His point of view was well buttressed with facts. And though the Society was eager to question his conclusions, h e succeeded in eluding his opponents with some fact which th ey h ad ignored, some circumstances which they had overlooked.

A similar attempt to present the roots of our cultural tradition was made by J. Macdonaugh in his essay 'Old Lamps for New.' He gave a clear picture of the disintegration of twentieth century

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though t a nd made a valiant plea for a return to that earlier uni ty which the Middle Ages had known, but which Humanism and scientific development had , between them, destroyed.

The oth er essay in the term was in m a ny ways the best . H. J. Andrews, considering ' The Evolution of Clothes,' turned a furrow of a field which for the Essay Society was unploughed. The information which the essay conveyed was fr esh , and a careful balance was kept between fact and interpreta tion. The Society had examined m any manifestations of the spirit of man, and this was perhaps the most penetrating, as it was the m ost novel.

Th e term was notable for its sustained seriousness. The essays were of as high a standard as they were carefully written. But the w riter s were p erhaps slightl y too interested in their subj ects. For there is a type of es say which sets out to prove nothing , but to illuminate something, the quintessence of which is that individual quality of mind known as style. It was perha ps this final grace that was lacking; but in a term of such lively activity, it is perhaps ungenerous to ask for m ore.

E. E. Hug hes was elected President fo r the Michaelmas T erm.

T.J.C .

MICHAELMAS TERM .

President-E. E.

H UG HES.

The Society has continued to meet on Sunday evenings as usual, but a notable even t occurred which was unique in its history, for a com m emoration dinner was held at the encl to celebra te the zooth meeting and the twenty-fift h year of the Society's career.

In ordinary bu siness, this term the standard of excellence set in preceding years has been amply maintained, both in essaywriting and in di scussion, not to m ention a hig h average attendance at each meeting. Many subj ects have b een discus sed, and the tendency to vague ness in the actua l titles of the essays has aroused much interested speculation as to t heir m eaning and .some amusement when tha t m eaning was made known to the Society.

The first meeti ng of the term was held in conjunction with the Liddon Society, a nd the assembled members were extremely grateful to the P rincipal for a most interesting and inst ructive address on' St. Edmund of Abing don,' whom we may regard as the patron saint of all Aulari an Societies. G. H. W. White led a n enthusiastic and unanimous attack on 'The Press Gang,' for so he d esigna ted the powers behind modern newspaper s . W . L. H erbert fo llowed with ' Dear Noel,' a n appreciation of Mr. Coward as a playw rig ht, musician, actor and stage manager. For that evening the members present played the role of iconoclasts , but with little s uccess. K. D.

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Luke realised that modern education had been weighed in the balance and' Found Wanting·,' though his essay had the effect of re-opening old wounds as regards the relative intelligence of the sexes. W. G. Fallows looked at the nineteenth century, at the conditions obtaining among the poorest classes, and was led to take as the title of his essay the famous motto, 'Nothing over Sixpence ! ' F. M. A. Farrer was convinced of the impossibility of criticising the works of a living author, but then proceeded to do so in the case of Hugh vValpole, and his local patriotism for Cumberland was responsible for 'The Background of Herries.'

Finally the President misquoted Horace sufficiently to put the words Exegi monu.rnentum into the mouth of Owen Glendower, for he believed \!Velsh natio11al feeling and pride as it exists to-clay and for the intensity of which the great vVelshman must be given all credit, to be a monument aere perennius.

At the last meeting of term, J. McDonaugh was unanimously elected President for the following term. · On Thursday, November. 29, the Essay Society Commemoration Dinner was held in the Lecture Room, and the Society wa,s honoured by the presence of the Principal and Mr. J. M. Edmonds as guests. The dinner was a great success and worthy of the enthusiasm with which the Society has always been supported by its members. After the toasts 'The King' and 'Floreat Aula' had been proposed, ' The Guests ' and ' The Society ' were also honoured, the ex-President, Mr. S. A. R. Guest, and the Principal proposing, and Mr. J. M. Edmonds and the Presiclen t replying.

Altogether a . delightful term, to which the dinner was a fitting finale.

E.E.H.

JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1933.

President-I. L.

SERRAILLIER.

·

Secretary-W.

WALLACE.

This term a departure was made from the usual curriculum.

The Society was entertained by the Oxford Home Students' Play Reading Society in their Junior Common Room. The play chosen was Galsworthy's 'Escape.' The men's parts showed the sparkle ~hich can be imparted by a few preliminary glances at the text.

But the reading of our hostesses was so good as to suggest considerable previous rehearsal.

Of the other plays read during the term, Shaw's 'Androcles and the Lion ' was the most appreciated and the best read. Drinkwater' s 'Bird in Hand' was more entertaining than 'The Ghost

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Train,' which must be acted to b~ fully enjoyed. A vote of censure against those members who pad voted for this play was carried unanimously. Ronald Mackenzie's 'Musical Chairs' did not receive the appreciation it deserved. The Society was in a hilarious mood and found the play altogether too depressing. A better reception was given to Sean O'Casey's 'Juno and the Paycock.' This ' darlin' play,' with its tricky dialogue and its swift alterations from comedy to tragedy, made unrehearsed reading very difficult, but on the whole it was ably dealt with.

W. Wallace was elected President and 0. D. C. King-Wood Secretary for the Michaelmas Term . l.L.S .

MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-\iV. vVALLACE. Secretary-0. D. C. KING-Woon.

At the beginning of the term the John Oldham and the Whortleberries Societies amalgamated. The result has been a play-reading Society of interested members in which the standard of reading has been conspicuously high. It was feared that the large membership would mean difficulty for the Secretary in finding parts for all the members. But, partly owing to the choice of plays with considerable castes, and partly to the inability of members to attend a ll the meetings, quite the reverse occurred. The Society entertained several guests, all of whom performed their parts competently.

Shakespeare's 'Twelfth Night' opened the t erm's programme.

It was followed by Somerset Maugham's 'For Services Rendered.'

The third play, 'The Switchback,' by James Bridie, was perhaps the least successful. Indeed it was the term's only unfortunate choice. With its usual delight in period plays, the Society welcomed Sheridan's 'The Rivals.' The play produced particularly good reading, both from the Society and guests, and was a great success. Noel Coward's ' Hay Fever' was, alas, also much enjoyed ; but a more serious note was struck when ' Green Pastures' was read. The Society displayed a certain amount of understandable wrath agains t the puritanical censor who had banned the play in England . At the official close of the meeting, flushed with success, several members gathered in the rooms of one of the guests to read 'Street Scene,' by Elmer Rice; this, although well read, was on the whole rather an anti-clim ax . The term ended in a blaze of glory with Shaw's 'St. Joan.' In spite of the difficulty of reading the dialogue unrehearsed, it provided a most successful meeting.

All members are most grateful to the President of the J.C.R. for the use of his room througho:ut the term.

W.W.

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THE MUSICAL SOCIETY. No meetings were h eld during Hilary Term, 1933.

EIGHTS' WEEK CONCERT.

We are not of the school of thought w hich holds that criticism consists chiefly in attack, and that the work of a critic is to be judged solely by his powers of polite abuse. We believe, rather, that sympathetic appreciation is the true sign of the critic, holding, .as ·the elder Pliny held with regard to books, that there is no human ·e ndeavour which does not enshrine some good . Yet no less than destructive criticism does app reciation demand analysis, and of analysis does the mind in a state of supreme enjoyment become incapable. Such a state of enjoyment was m y good fortune at the Eights' Week Concert, .and I therefore find criticism, or even an account, extremely hard to construct. The programme is the best .account, the statement of the unmixed en joyment of a t least one hearer the best criticism.

Yet mu st we satisfy the fasti dious, intellectual taste of the Hall, which demands to have its palate reminded of the feast it once enjoyed. And to describe as a feast the concert w hich the President ·of the Musical Society provided for us is no mis-statement. For the programme and performances were of equally high standard, and did each other full justice. The opening, Mr. C. W. Gell's rendering of Chopin's Scherzo in Bi fiat minor, set the tone of t he whole concert. The music suited its setting, and though this is to be read by young men of the twentieth century, I will not deny that the Hall Quadrang le on a summer's evening bears the true stamp of romance. The g r eatest romantics are, however, the Germans rather than the French, and the beauty of the Brahms songs which Miss Aileen Street n ext sang amply attested this . In some ways Brahms is a more satisfactory song-writer even than Schubert, and Miss Street's performance h e re, as throughout the evening, was superlatively excellent. Thus deprived of our critical faculty, we next had the pleasure of hearing more Bra hms, this time a Clarionet Sonata. It is surprising how comparatively few of the gTeat composers r eally did justice to the clarionet. That it is a superb instrument, undoubtedly the most .adequate of the wood wind, a nd quite <Capable of rendering the loveliest music, Mr. R. T emple Savage convincingly showed, both in this Brahms Sonata a nd late r in the evening in a movement of Mozart. Before the first h alf of the programm e ended, the Hall Part-Song Singers once more showed us their worth, and they were not b elow the standard we have ·come to expect of them. What was noticeable, however, was that

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this was the only occasion ,,·here members of the Hall took part in the programme, and we make thi s an opportunity of confessing that we had indulged a hope of hea rin g more of Mr. Seton's compositions. But with such a programme as we had, we dare not show disconte nt even for thi s ca use.

After th e interval we were first amused by lighte r stuff. Miss.

Street's charming voice was accompanied by the clarionet in the performance, first of three songs of her own composition, and then of 'The Dandelion ' of Arthur Bliss. I find m yself opposed ~to what I believe was th e opinion of th e majority, that in the first three the accompaniment had too little connection with the song.

But in the last of the group we were all of one mind, and Miss Street received a hearty and well-deserved encore. The n ext item, the first movement of the Mozart Clarionet Concerto in A major, was inadequate: I was bitterly disappointed that we did not hea r the whole of the lovely concer to. Mr. Sa,·ag·e's playing was flawless, and I was left long ing for the rest, all of which is equally beautiful. However, Miss Street came to our consolation with Recitative and Aria, 'Non mi dir?' from Mozart's 'Don Giovanni,' and her singing was quite superb : no Munich .audience at an open-air concert in the Brumenhof R esidency would have b een dissatisfied. Mr. Gell closed the concert, as he had begun it; he played three enjoy.able items, the last of which, a Rondo Capriccioso of Mendelssohn, was enough to explain our grandfathers' enthusiasm for that composer.

Thus ended a concert in which the programme, the performance and the setting had combined to leave one delighted, overwhelmed. All congratula tions to its organisers.

M. w. SCOTT. l\11CHAELMAS TERM CONCERT.

On Monday, November 27, the Musical Society gave their first concert of the .academic year. Again, this year the p erformers were all members of the Hall.

The programme opened with Serenade Trio in D major by Beethoven, written for flute, violin and viola. In this instance a 'cello was substituted for viola. The number of wrong notes played by all three performer s suggested that they had had too little time for individual practice. They were well together, however, an d in the Minuet, at least, achieved a pleasant tone and a syrnpathetic rendering.

It was a pity that A. Jenkins took all the repeats in Mozart's piano Sonata in G and played it at what was surely a slower tempo

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than the composer intended. The effect was a feeling of slight weariness on th e part of the a udi ence. Apa rt from this , Jenkins. revealed a sen sitive appreciation of Mozart's el egant simplicity, and played with a delicacy, though assurance, of touch.

P. Witherington brought us n earer the p resen t day by playing two piano pieces by Grovlez, ' Berceuse de la Poupee ' a nd 'Petites Lita nies de J esus,' a nd D ebussy's' Golliwog's Cak ewalk. ' Withering ton seemed n ervous, ape\ perhap s that accounted for a few fla ws in his playi ng . But his rendering of Grovlez was nicely restrained, a nd ena bled the audience to g a in a good idea of the spirit of this too little known composer. H e ·was not quite so s uccessful with 'Golliwog 's Cakewalk ,' playing it rather too earnestly.

After a ll, D ebussy only meant it to b e ' a bit of fun.'

The two p a rt-songs , ' Hob-a-derry D a nno' and ' In Merry Mood,' both by Charles Wood, w ere well sun g. F. M. A . Farrer, President of the Soci ety , who conducted, h as a clear and incisive beat. One or two of the s in gers would do well if they pa id more at ten tion to his conducting. After the interva l G . D. Cluer a nd D. J. Gillam played th e fir st movem ent of Brahm s ' Sonata in E minor for 'Cello and Piano. This was, o n the whole, a credita ble p erformance. Th e pia nist tempered his part admirably to t he lead of the 'cello.

E. F. A. Suttle was quite the m ost accompli shed performer of the evening. He played Allegro As sai by Mozart, P ol onaise in C sh a rp minor by Chopin, a nd Rhapsody in G minor by Brahms.

He seemed equally at h ome with the different moods of each. Two part-songs, 'A W et Sheet and a Flowing Sea,' by Dyson, and 'Old King Cole,' a rra nged by Dunhill, concluded the programme.

May we suggest that it would h ave been in better taste to interchange the two groups o.f p a rt-songs? ' Old King Cole ' certainly brought the house down, but its musical value is somewhat slig ht.

The ' heartiness ' of these two item s was effectively broug ht out , but there was a rasp in m ore th an one voice that had not been there in the Charles Wood group.

Sincere congratula tions , ming led with the hop e that s uch a tradition will be ha nded on, are due to a ll who had a h and in prom oting a nd carrying out thi s con cert of na t ive talent.

A. B. CODLING.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE THE MAKERS' SOC::IETY.

1933.

Se cretary-I. L.

HILAR Y TE.RM,

SERRAILLIE.R. President-]. BRADLEY .

The President, whilst still cocooning in the embryo stage of Secretaryship during the Michaelmas Term, began to be almost convinced that the genus ' Literary Lion ' really was a natural species formed apart from the r est of men, so great was the unanimity with w h ich his attempted victims had decided to winter the Hilary Term in climates warm er th an that of England. But eventua lly the castings of his net succeeded in ensnaring no less distinguished game than Mr. Basil Blackwell, of bookshop and publishing fame, a nd Mr. John Beresford, the Editor of the Woodf or de Diaries. ' Some Aspects of the Book World ' was the title under which Mr. Blackwell talked. He b egan by sketching the history of the book from the papyrus stage to its modern form, continued with some of the difficulties which the present-day publish er has to face, and closed with a m erciless revelation of the ' corruption ' rampant in reviewing circles.

Mr. Beresford read a paper on ' General Gordon.' He seemed t o those present to have covered every pos sible detail as he brought his last sentence to a close. But th e amazing breadth of his knowledge of Gordon was further revealed by the long discussion which followed his reading.

On the last Tuesday of term a Magazine Meeting was h eld, which was favoured by a n unusually la rge number of contributions.

The high stan dard reached by everyone demonstrated once aga in that th e Society is capable of active effort as well as o.f passive appreciation.

The Makers are very grateful to Mr. Blackwell and Mr. Beresford for the entertaining evenings which they provided, and n© report of th e term' s doings would be complete wi thout m ention of the Principal's unfailing ly generous hospitality to the Makers' g uests, hospitality which is in large measure r esponsible for the Society's continued life and activity.

J..B. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-I. L. SERRAILLIER. Secretary-W. WALLACE .

Mr. G. E. H. Grigson is the founder of the Make rs' Society.

He is also the founder of the periodical New Verse. H e read a p aper to the Society on the modern tendencies in verse, illustrating chiefly from Auden, Spender, and Pound. Pound was compared

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to an Adam 's a pple, all flesh and no fr uit; but it was his influence which saved E liot becoming another Rupert Brooke. Wyndham Lewis suffered from a permanent ' downtrodden ' complex. The ?itwell trio had r educed self-advertisement to a fine ar t. Mr. Grigson spoke most highly of Auden; a close friendship with him had convinced him of his passionate sincerity . H e suggested Auden, Spender, a nd Eward as claimants for the chief laurels in th e new age.

At a later meeting in the term, Mr. Alexander MacLehose gave 'The Publisher's Point of View.' For the purposes ot discussion, h e assumed that the Society was composed entirely of potential or actual authors. 'Are authors' manuscripts prop erly considered by publisheds? ' Mr. MacLehose answered the question by quoting Dr. Johnson' s statement that it isn't necessary to eat the whole ox to make sure it is tough. He advised the Soci ety not to send manuscripts to publishers yet, as it was unlikely that yo ung men under twenty-eight had an ything important to say . For the present, it was enou g h to cultivate a good prose style.

A large variety of contributions were received for the Maker s' Magazine Meeting-poems, essays , short stories, di aries .and plays.

The quality varied.

I.L .S. THE LIDDON SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1933.

Chairman-C. R. OLLIER. Secretary-F. M. A. FARRER. At the first m eeting of the term Fr. Hood, of Pusey House , read a p aper on 'Spiritual Healin g ,' in which he pleaded for a new realisation of the Church's mini stry in this field. He emphasised the picture of Our Lord's healing ministry in the days of His flesh, and called attention to the sacramental character of the ceremony of Extreme Unction as conveying grace 'whereby the sick man shall be saved.' The discussion promoted by this paper was considera ble, as to man y of the listeners it was entirely new ground.

The second meeting of the t erm was an underg radu ate paper by the Rev. R. Horton, who gave a very careful and lucid interpretation of his conception of 'Authority.' The address was marked by a vigour and breadth of view which provoked a lively discussion before the members adjourned.

The terminal Corporate Communions and Meditations were held as usual.

C.R.0.

TRINITY TERM.

Chairman-F . M. A. FARRER. Secretary-P. N. LONGRIDGE. The Society was very pleased to entertain as speaker the Rev .

R. F. W. Fletcher, Vice-President, who gave a talk on' A Chris-

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tian Prayer Book.' In view of the discussion proceeding on the ' Deposited Book,' the criticisms advanced Jed to a rapid exchange of views on such questions as the interpretation of the Lessons, the insertion of a large number of Occasional Prayers, and the use of such beautiful and sadly ·neglected offices as the Visitation of the Sick.

At the second meeting the Rev. F. A. Smalley, an Aularian returned from missionary work in China, gave a talk on' The vVork of the West China University.' His information on the degree of co-operation achieved in the mission field between the different religious denominations was refreshing to an audience nurtured in the controversial atmosphere of the Church at home.

The next paper was given by R. C. Poston, whose sketch of 'The Jews To-clay' was one of the best junior addresses given to the Society in the past few years. After a short historical outline, he gave an illuminating discussion of the cultural and religious influence of the twentieth century Jew. He said that the failure of the Modernist movement in the Jewish Church, led by Dr. Montefiore and others, presented Christian Evangelism with many opportunities in this direction.

The usual services of Corporate Communion and Meditation were held.

F.M.A.F. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Secretary-P. N. LONGRIDGE. Chairman - F. M. A. FARRER. The first meeting of the term was a joint one with the Essay Society in the Principal's drawing room, where there was a record attendance. The Principal, President of the Society, gave an address on · ' S. Edmund of Abingclon,' indicating the various lives available for the study of the Saint, and drawing a picture of the mediaeval society in which he lived. It was a happy subject to put before the Society, and we were grateful for the occasion.

At the second meeting J. H. Hodson gave an address on Dr. Pusey. It was a short one, characterised by a graceful balance.

The speaker connected the later life and thought of the great Tractarian, 'who loved Evangelicals because they loved our Lord,' with the early troubles and firm resolves of a scholar and reformer who wished the Anglican Communion to be 'a penitential Church.'

What Dr. Pusey did not foresee, however, was that, with the revival of the sacramental doctrine of the Anglican formularies, the growth of ritual and ceremonial was an inevitable consequence.

On the last Sunday of term the Bishop of Malmesbury spoke on ' Unemployment in a Large City.' He illustrated his discussion of

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the problem from his experience in Bristol. Before the end of the ·e vening he was led into describing his successful campaign for the rescue of the Bristol Evening Post from extinction, and interested his audience by his lively account of the competitive methods employed by newspaper magnates.

F.M.A.F. DIOGENES CLUB. HILARY TERM.

President-F'. T. OKELY. Secretary-T. J. CHILDS. Treasurer-£. E. LOWE. Four meetings were held in the Hilary Term, the first being on the subject ' That Commerce and Contract are the Death of Love.'

This resulted in a spirited defence of hearth, home and honour by the more conservative members against the shock tactics of the vanguard, who advocated companionate marriage.

The next meeting was held to decide if ' Cynici sm were the Refuge of the Coward Mind,' and first we endeavoured to find a new definition of cynicism which should not include our patron, historically the first Cynic. E. E. Hughes declared that the best example of cynicism was the libertine, and in support of this Oscar Wilde and the Marquis de Sade were cited .

Perhaps the best discussion of the term was over an aphorism of Horace Walpole, 'That the World is a Comedy for those who Think, and a Tragedy for those who Feel.' Y'V. G. Fallows maintained that great thinkers saw life as a tragedy and instanced Goethe's saying, ' God gave me the power to explain what I suffer.'

P. H. Rogers also refuted the statement, and contended that th?se who saw the comic side of life were usually far from thinkers, since laughter is the negation of thought.

At the last meeting of term we had the pleasure of welcoming Dr. H. J. Hunt to discuss the subject 'That Personal Happiness is the true aim of Man.' Opening the discussion, he said that true happiness lay in activity rather than in leisure, since the leisurely man was too conscious of himself to be happy. R. A. Sandison, exPresident, maintained that happiness consisted in a nicely adjusted balance between the pursuit of virtue and the pursuit of pleasure, between egoism and altruism .

In the discussion which followed the officers supported the view that happiness was the outcome of activity recolleded in tranq uility, while Hughes, at heart an idealist, almost convinced us that there was no such thing as happiness. His view seemed very acceptable to those of us who were weighed down by the thought of Schools.

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In private business, T. J. Childs was elected President for the ensuing term, E. E. Lowe Secretary, and P. H. Rogers Treasurer.

F.T.O. TRINITY TERM.

President-T. J. CHILDS. Secretary-E. E. LowE. Treasurer-P. H. RoGERS. The paradox of an Oxford Summer Term, in which the seductions of the river and lawn tennis .contend with the summons of the Schools, was manifest in the activities of the Diogenes Club this term. There was a pleasant discursiveness about the arguments, as befits the leisured mood of the season. But members were none the less eager for discussion, and the two meetings which it was found possible to hold were well attended.

In a discussion of the topic 'That Decoration is the Negation of Art,' W. J. Meredith maintained that decoration was a subordinate, but necessary, constituent of a work of art; while the President contended with Schopenhauer that all arts aspire to the condition of music and are not decorative at all. The meeting became more and more select, but the President was to be heard at a late hour muttering about music and morality-about everything, in fact, as the dormouse said, that begins with an M. At the second meeting the subject was ' Education for Service and not for Leadership.' J. R. Hayston made a defence of the methods of Sanderson of Oundle, while K. D. Luke reinforced hi s plea for an education of the type which Sanderson had started.

The discussion became d esultory, and thoughts were blown from speaker to speaker like dandelion seed from a child's hand. But they may well have taken root.

T.J.C. , MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-E. E. LowE. Secretary-P. H. ROGERS. Treasurer-K. D. LUKE. The programme this term included five meetings, but had to be reduced to four. At th e first S. F. Parsons and D. H. Willson discussed the dictum that ' Habit and Reason are the fruits of Education.' The talk tended away from the academic opening provided by Parsons and ended in a dispute between heredity a nd environment.

The second subject, ' That a Poet should be, not a Spectacle, but a Pair of Spectacles,' was opened by C. C. Hughes and the Rev. A. M. Farrer. The discussion led up to a recognition of the necessity for a general c ultural tradition, if poetry is to be of value.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

57

The Chaplain's introductory remarks and his skilful opposing of the motion were much appreciated.

At the third meeting the motion that ' The word " Highbrow " is an ominous addition to the English Language ' was supported

by G. A. Forrest, on Marxian, and opposed by D. J. Gillam, on philological, grounds. Forrest put up a very spirited defence of a theory of political evolution which the rest of the society would not accept.

At the fourth meeting H. G. Llewellyn and H. F. Cook decided that music was not conducive to virtue. The discussion tended rather to the creative than to the listener's value in music and led to a long dispute of the distinction between an art and a science.

The officers elected for next term are: P. H. Rogers, President; K. D. Luke, Secretary; vV. G. Fallows, Treasurer.

E.E . L. ST. EDMUND HALL AND ST. CATHERINE'S SOCIETY MOOT CLUB.

President-E. V. Luc1rnoo (St. Catherine's).

Secret.ary-J. L. McQuITTY (St. Catherine's).

Treasurer-G. A. FORREST (St. Edmund Hall).

In the Hilary Term it was decided to form a joint Moot Club with St. Catherine's. At a General Meeting the following were elected as Officers: President, F. Metcalfe (St. Catherine's); Secretary, E. V. Luckhoo (St. Catherine's); Treasurer, J. N. W. Leech (St. Edmund Hall). L. P. Mosdell (St. Edmund Hall) was elected to the Committee. , As dining goes hand in hand with the study of law, a dinner was held at the Clarendon Hotel to initiate the Club. The Principal and Mr. T. H. Tylor (BallioI) were guests. Unfortunately the Censor of St. Catherine's was unable to be present. It was a most enjoyable evening, and everyone felt that the Moot Club was well founded.

The first Moot was held in Mr. T. H. Tylor's rooms in Balliol.

Mr. J. H. C. Morris very kindly came down from London to act as judge. The case was one of contract law. Some very able speeches were made by counsel. ' In the Trinity Term one Moot was held with the Younger Society at Balliol. Mr. C. H. S. Fifoot (Hertford) acted as judge.

The case concerned some rather objectionable gipsies and involved questions of nuisance and trespass. Mr. Fifoot delivered a very learned and instructive judgment.

At a General Meeting this term new officers were elected.

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A Moot was held with the Gelclart Society during the last ·w eek of term. Professor A. L. Goodhart very kindly consented to act as judge. The case was exceptionally interesting as it concerned an undergradu ate who was sent clown, having been falsel y accused of cheating at cards. Essentially a libel case, it involved very difficult points regarding liability of corporations and ultra vires. All present spent a very pleasant an d instructive evening.

J.N.W.L. LES DIX-HUIT. Presid ent-P. H. ROGERS. Ne craignez rien: ce titre tant soit peu imposant est le nom que s'est donne un groupe cl' "Aulariens " en se reunissant clans un club pour la lecture de pieces de theatre frarn;:aises, et n 'a de mysterieux que l 'enthousiasme reel (que suggere peut-etre ce nom) avec lequel l'iclee qui a clonne nai ssance au club a ete accueillie par ce.ux qui constituent a present ses rnembres. En effet, cet enthousiasme a ete tel que le seul reproche que nous croyions avoir a nous faire, c'est que le dub a ete organise sur le tarcl, de sorte que nous n' avons pu lire, ce trirnestre, que cinq comedies, a savoir : Les Precieuses Ridicules, Sganarelle, Fantasio, On ne Bacline pas avec !'Amour, Le Mariage de Figaro.

On avait propose de lire plusi eurs clrarnes moclernes, mais ii est tres clifficile de Jes faire entrer clans le program~e, faute cl'une institution qui nous renclrait Jes memes services que procure a Ja " John Oldham Society " Ja " British Drama League." Meme pour le theatre classique le club a eprouve quelque difficulte a fournir Jes livres necessaires. Toutefois, grace a Ja Taylor Institution , et a l 'obligeance du Dr. H. J. Hunt, qui a eu l 'amabilite de nous preter des livres, nous avons reussi a assembler un nombre suffisant d'exemplaires de chaque piece que nous avons Jue. La premiere reunion du club a eu lieu le 30 octobre, clans la chambre de M. Nield. M. P. H. Rogers fut elu President, M. F. H. H. Finch Secretaire, et M. L. G. Holmes Tresorier.

A la clerniere reunion, Jes officiers suivants ont ete el us pour le trimestre prochain: President, M. I. E. N. Besley; Secretaire, M. J. Park; Tresorier, M.A. M. Urquhart.

P.H.R.

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CLUBS, 1933 BOAT CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1933.

Captain - J. H. TYZACK. Secretary- G. T. BRETT. The Club was in the unusual and unfortunate position of having only two old Torpid Colours to call upon for the races. Mawdesley Fours had shown, however, that there was a sufficient number of keen second-year men and Freshmen who, if they continued to improve, would help to form quite a promising crew. As ther e was no one outstanding for a ny particular position, continual c hanges had been made during the previous term in order to find out the best combination.

During the first few days of p ractice the crew settled down quite well, but at the end of the first week illness overtook two of its members. Throughout the following week slight changes had lo be made owing to illn ess, and conditions were bad- on . the Saturday the river was so thick with ice that tubbing only was possible. It was decided to m ake a change in the order, S. E. Bradshaw rowing at '2' in place of P. w ·i therington and the latter moving to '3' in place of T. M. F. Rogers. It was not until the third week of practice that the crew were able to settle down, and from this time onward steady improvement was made. Fortunately there was no more illness , a nd the crew got through a lot of work, fr equently going below locks and up to Godstow. During the week before the races there was one extraordinarily bad pa tch, which really did no harm at all , as it m ade the crew sit up and think, and later they went all the better for it. Towards the end of practice they did a certain a mount of paddling and rowing with other <:rews and usually acquitted themselves well.

With the exception of one day, the races were rowed under remarkably good conditions. The crew started third in the Second Division and had little difficulty in bumping St. Cathe rine's and St. John's, but in their second row on Friday in the First Division the crew did not give of th eir best and rowed over. On th e remaining days, however, they rowed really well and bumped Merton, Oriel, Corpus and Keble, finishing ninth in the First Division. ' Their very fine effort was celebrated at a Bump Supper.

CHARACTERS OF THE TORPID.

The crew were remarkable for their keenness and willingness to work. The four stern oars were quite well together and all made good use of their legs .

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Bow- W. WALLACE. Last year's cox. Showed how k een and versatile he is by moving from one end of the boat to the other.

Though h e swung well, could never g et that quickness into the water which is so necessary in the bows.

No. 2 - S. E . BRADSHAW. Stiff and unsteady forward, but always worked ha rd.

No. 3-P. WITHERINGTON!. Did not swing with a straight back and cut his finish very short, but got a powerful b eginning with his legs. The only m emb er of the crew who could _row equally well on both sides.

No. 4 - P. H. R OGERS. Rather wooden in his movem ents and short in the water. Controlled his slide well, a nd did much to steady those behind him.

No·. 5-L. W. KENNAN. D espite a somewhat stiff swing, could always b e relied upon to row an exceptionally neat and hard blade .

No . 6 - P. N. LoNGRIDGE. Swung too far forward and pulled himself up at the finish, but with his steadiness a nd good bladework made an excellent ' six.'

No . 7-D. J. A. LOBB . Much improved from last year, but still inclined to row lig ht a t the finish. Swung well from the hips and usually controlled his slide effectively.

Strok e - I. M . SCIORTINO . His one great fault was an abnormal h eavy-handedness over the stretcher, which often resulted in his b eing late on the crew. In races he rose to the occasion admirably and stroked his crew with dash a nd determination.

Cox - S. G. REES. Rather silent for a cox. By dint of almost perfect steering, gained many feet on boats in front .

There was an entry of ten for the Junior Sculls, T . M. F. Rogers being the winner.

TRINITY TERM. Captain- J. H. TvzACK. Secretary - G. T. BRETT. We were very fortunate in hav ing for coach Mr. D. S . Colman, Fellow of Queen's, who coached us at the end of the Hilary Term as well, but little could b e done then owing- to th e flooded state of the river. It gave us great pleas ure to see Mr. Best back once again after a very serious illness. During the early part of the term he celebrated his seventieth birthday, on which he has our heartiest congratulations.

There were four of last year's Eight up and some good material to draw from the Torpid, and prospects seemed good. Illness and enforced changes, however, prevented the crew from settling down early . By the time of races, however, Mr. Colman had ta ught us. to get quickly off the mark and row at a high rate of striking, and ·the previous Hall record for a W eirs Bridge row was easily beaten.

Paddling and rowing, the boat was running quite steadily and

' .

,. ' ID ABOUT TO BUMP ST. . JOH:.J'S. THE [ OI< l ' FEURUARY l?TH .

I· RIDr\',

,THE TOIU' l D, 193 3.

L. \\'. Ke nnan , l'. H. Hogcrs , S. E. 8n1dsh a \\", l'. \\'ithcringt<>n.

D. J .. \. L "bh, J. 1-1 T yz :ick (coad1 ), I . \I. Sciortino (strohe ), I' . :\. Lo ngridge , \V . \\':d l:i ce .

S. r;. J~ r·es (cox) .

THE

G. T

C Ll 'JKE I~

FOUR,

1 9~ 3.

ll'i1 111 ers of th e luter-C o ll ege Cup. T. M. F. Ru~e r s , A. M. Urquh"rt, S. E. Rr:id shaw.

Brett (cua.ch }, P. 1-1. Rogers (stroke) , l'. Witherington. A. P . L . Sl a ter (cox.).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

61

comfortably, and there was less of that stiffness which has been the worst feature of Hall rowing of late. Over the second part of the course, however, it became rather short and lifeless.

We started third in the Second Division, in front of Jesus. It was a wretched row, chiefly because no one was concentrating on his work; all allowed themselves to be put off by the excitement of the race. J esus were half a length behind when they were caught

by Keble, generally acknowledged to b e one of the best boats on the river. The next day's performance was slightly better, but we allowed ourselves to be upset badly by rough water in the Gut and were caught there by K eble. On Saturday we had a much be tter row and at one point got within half a length of Keble, and on Monday the same thing happened again. On the following day we kept well away from St. Catherine's over the first part of the course. Along the Green Bank, however, they gradually came up, and made a bump by the old Cherwell. It was not until the last day that the cn:w rowed up to their practice form. Owing to obstruction, vVadham were about h alf a length away at the Gut, but the Hall showed that they were in no way demoralized by their previous failures and gradually drew away, finishing comfortably ahead .

We are very grateful indeed to Mr. Colman, and it is much to be regretted that his fine coaching did not meet with better reward.

We are indebted to him for the following report : CHARACTERS

OF

THE EIGHT.

Bow-D. J. A. LOBB (10.12). A rough but hard-working oarsman, whose blade-work was always better than his body-form.

No. 2 - P. H. ROGERS (12.7). He improved with remarkable speed during practice and to a large extent overcame the disadvantages of his build. When h e has perfected his sliding h e will be a very useful oarsman, as he knows how to use his legs and never spares himself.

No. 3 - J . H. TvzAcK (10.12). An uncouth but very determined oarsman whose experience was of great value in giving steadin ess to the four bow oars. H e raced well always.

No. 4 - I. M. ScroRTINo (12.6). He improved more than anyone else during practice. His excellent physique and great reach mig·ht a llow him to become a really first-class oarsma n if he can get rid of a certain stiffness. in the shoulders and wrists, which tends to make him slow. He rowed '6' at Marlow and raced a dmirably there.

No. 5-L. W. KENNAN (12.1). A strong but somewhat erratic performer who has a lot to learn but who shows keenness. At present his sliding is clumsy and he bends his arms too· soon, but h e knows how to apply his strength and should be a valuable man when he has more experience.

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No. 6-M. W. ScoTT (12.9). He never seemed so comfortable on s troke side as he had been on bow-side the year before, but in spite of a tendency to crouch he was an effective worker. He rowed extremely well at Marlow, where he came in at '4' after his Final Schools.

No . 7-G. S. KEEN (II.7). The most consistent member of the crew . He never rowed a bad stroke in practice or during a race. He always ·followed his stroke very closely, kept his swing long and used his legs hard. His rowing is a little wooden and mechanical, but never drops belows its own maximum.

Stroke- G. T. BRETT (II.10). In spite of t endencies to shoot his slide, hunch his shoulders, and feather under water, he was usually sending down as much water as anyone in the crew.

He has considerable powers of leadership and sets a regular, if slightly ponderous, rhythm.

Cox - S. A. R. GUEST (8.6). An admirable cox, cool and efficient.

He cannot be blamed for colliding with Exeter at Marlow : this was entirely the umpire's fault for starting the two crews before they had got on to their course.

D. s. COLMAN. The clay after Eights, a meeting of Eights Colours was held, at which G. T . Brett was elected Captain and I. M. Sciortino Secretary.

J.H.T. TRINITY TERM (continued).

Following their success of last year, the Hall decided to go to Marlow again, and, aiming higher, entered for the Marlow Eights Challenge Cup. Practice started late, owing to three members t aking Schools, and in the last week ' stroke' was called away suddenly. However, under the able coaching of Mr. D.S. Colman, and with the services of Mr. Clifford Smith, the St. Peter's Hall stroke, the boat settled down quickly and made considerable progress. The Rega tta fell a week later this year, so practice continued for a week after term.

In a preliminary heat on the Friday evening the Hall was drawn against Peterhouse, Cambridge, and St. Catherine's, Oxford, both of whom they easily defeated. The following day saw an encounter with Exeter College, Oxford, who had done so well in Eights. Owing to an error on the part of the starter, who started the boats when they were both swinging in towards each other, a crash ensued, and an Exeter oar was broken. This being replaced, a fresh start was mad e, and the race resulted in an exciting win for th e H a ll by two feet. This was a magnificent effort and a fine piece of stroking. In the final, Bedford Rowing Club proved a very fast crew and won by two lengths from Quintin, who narrowl y beat the Hall by a matter of inches .

ST. EDMUND H ALL MAGAZINE This was probably one of the bes t perform a nces th e H all h a s ever. achi eved on the river. Our gra teful thanks are due to Mr. D. S . Colman, the coach, a nd Mr. Clifford Smith, who curtailed a prev ious engagem ent in order to render the Hall a v ery rea l serv ice . I should a lso like to thank all w ho came over and gave u s s upport from the towing-path, a nd particula rly the Principa l and V ice-Principal, w hose presence w as a r eal encouragement.

G.T.B. MICHAE L MAS TERM.

Captain - G. T. BRETT .

S ecretary - I. M . Sc roRn xo.

For th e fir st time in our his to ry we w ere a ble to put on both a Coxswa inl ess I V and a Clink er I V . The fo rmer came up te n clays befo re term, and after the t hird day in practice s ettled clown into its fin al order. A certain am ount o f clum s iness resulted in a lack of boa t control, a nd w e wer e neve r a r eally go od crew . I n the firs t round proper, w hich b egan on Octob er 25 , we drew Trin it y · II, whom we easily accounted for by 14 sees. vVe occupied th e back statio n, a nd quickly caught up our opponents, w ho hit the bank soon aft er the s tart a nd never a ppea red to settle clown aga in . O n the follo w ing clay , row ing from the fi rst s ta tion, w e w ere ra th er easily defeated by B.N.C. (the holder s) by 1 2 sees . The c rew w as: L. W. KENNAN (b ow).

I. M. SCIORTIN O (2).

G. S. KEEN (3, and st eers) .

G. T . BRETT (strok e).

I should like to tha nk Mr. P. Hogg, the New College Blue , for coaching us during t he firs t few days , and Mr. D . S . Colma n for taking u s during the rema inder o f the time.

The Clinker IV, which started practice a s soon as it w as allowed, triumph antly succeeclecl in r eg a ining the Cup last won by our first IV in 1930. In the first round, rowed on November 15, the Hall, rowing fr om the front station, easily defeat ed St. Peter's Hall by 17! sees. , and the following' day saw t he d efeat by 8 sees. of University College, who rowed from the front sta tion . Unfortunately ' 3 ,' T. M. F. Rogers, showed cons iderable di stress after each race , and we h ad to bring in a partly-trained man at bow and m ove the original bow to '3.' In spite of this set-back, and th e fact that they now h ad to meet the holders of the Cup-New College, with t wo First Ei g hts-men in its c rew-the Hall, rowing with amazing determination, won a hard race by 7 sees. In the final M erton w ere d efeated without a ny difficulty by 5 sees., our time being 7 min. 42 sees. Ideal conditions and no stream contributed to the fastest time for many years.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MA GAZ !NE

It is interesting to note that the rate of striking set by the Hall, averaging thirty-one to th e minute, was considerably slower than that of all our opponents. Greater length in the water and a good drive with the legs from the stretcher, with plenty of steadiness on the way forward, were indisputably more effective than forty s hort strokes to the minute.

T. M. F. Rogers, A. M. Urquhart and A. P. L. Slater were awarded colours. The final order of rowing was : A. M. URQUHART (bow).

s.

P.

E.

BRADSHAW (2).

WITHERI NGTON (3).

H. ROGERS (stroke).

P. L. SLATER (c ox).

P. A. The Mawdesley IV's, ·consisting· of six freshmen, one second, and one third year man, showi:d considerable promise under the coaching of G. S. K een and L. W. Kennan. The race, however, was disappointing, both crews demonstrating their ability to 'catch crabs,' and Kenn an's crew won by 17~ sees. There was much good materia l, which with further coaching should _be of considerable use to the Club. The winning crew was : 0. T. BROWN (bow).

A. L. CROWE (2).

L. T. PODMORE. (3).

P. C. BIRKINSHAW (stroke).

0. J. MATTHEWS (cox).

Our heartiest congratulations are due to the Secretary, I. M. Sciortino, who rowed for a fortnight in Trial VIII's and was a spare man for the race. This is the best individual performance in the Hall for years, and we wish him better luck n ext year.

Still another success was recorded when the original Coxless IV, with S. A. R. Guest as cox, paid a visit to R eading University, whom we defeated in a race for Clinker boats, over a mile course downstream, by ri lengths. The crew put in a fortnight's practice for this race, and though rowing in a strange boat lent by Reading, showed a considerable improvement on form in the Coxless IV's . The last fortnight of term has consisted of Torpid practice.

My grateful thanks are due to all w ho have helped with the coaching, and in particular to the Secretary and G. S. Keen.

G.T.B.

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THE CRICKET CLUB. TRINITY TERM, 1933.

Captain-C. C. H. WORRALL. Secretary-H. E. PACKER. As far as figures go the XI had a satisfactory season, winning three games, losing four, and drawing four. In good-fellowship and k eenness the cricket was a ll that could be desired.

The side was robbed of much of its strength owing to the fact that few of the third year men could afford to sacrifice the necessary time, but nevertheless enthusiastic support was given to both teams, .a nd the First XI gathered strength as the season progressed. The last match resulted in a handsome victory over Deai:i Close School, when only a downpour of rain prevented the Hall from winning by an innings.

H. E. Packer, T. G. C. Woodford and E. T. Halstead were the most successful batsmen; but au the side played useful innings on one occasion or another. Against Worcester, Packer just failed to make his century, and in the same match Woodford had a fifty in each innings. S. H. Rumsey played some good games, but must develop his stroke play behind the wicket. F. M. A. Farrer and W. A. Nield were often too impetuous.

E. E. Hughes, H. F. Cook and W. A. Nield provided the mainstay of the bowling. Hughes was always accurate, and often sent down a very good ball indeed, although he seldom met with his fair share of luck. Nield's bowling- was fast but sometimes erratic. Cook was the find of the season, bowling with guile and great success, and being prompt to discover any weakness of the b a tsmen.

The fielding- the test of a good side - was always keen and improved steadily, demonstrating that the XI played as a real team. The Second XI must also be congratulated on its spirit of enthusiasm.

On the whole, a most enjoyable season. Not too much rain, but no parched wickets, and a happy side imbued with the characteristic spirit of the Hall. H. E. Packer was a really excellent Secretary, always enthusiastic and indefatigable, and much of the success of the side was du e to his batsman ship and wicket-keeping.

Colours were awarded to H. F. Cook, J. Fletc her Cooke, E. T. Halstead, F. M. A. Farrer, L. G. Holmes, W. A. Nield, S. H. Rl!msey. lj. E. Packer was elected Captain and E. T. Halstead Secretary for next season.

At the end of August an unofficial Hall side - the ' Bears ' toured Yorkshire at the invitation of the Rev. C. F. Cardale. The weather was ideal, and of the six matches played, three were won

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE and three lost. Cardale and E. L. Phillips were in great form with the bat, and R. Waye field ed magnificently. Others on the tour were W. W .. ]. Bolland, L. W. Hanson, the Rev. K. C . Oliver, R. C. Thomas, J . C . Toland .and C. C. H. Worrall. This t our h as now taken place in three successive years , and each season proves so g-reat a success that we hope by this time it has become almost .a regular feature of the Hall cr icket season.

C.C.H .W. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1933.

Captain- E. L. PHILLIPS. Secretary-R. J. VAUGHA:'.'-1.

It is with mixed feelings that one r.ecalls the happenings of last Hilary Term. Cup-tks were, of course, the m ain consideration, and we started the term with high hopes ot emulating our .achievements of 1932. In the first place, we had six ' Greyh ound s' available (one in the pack and five o utside) , and-equally importantwe again secured the services of Mr. Christopher Cardale as coach in the training before term ; and even though he was not able to give his undivided attention to the outsides (as our form er coach, Mr. Bickmore, of Durham School, was unfortun ately unable lo come), h is presence was as invaluable as ever.

We won the fir st three college ma tches , beating· Queen's , Kebl e and vVadham, in each case fa irly com forta bly, and had just about reached concert pitch for our first Cup-tie m atch, wJ:ien the fr ost descended upon us. Training under the circum stances was extremely difficult, as the ground was too hard for boots and too slippery for plimsolls, so that we were red uced to walking to keep fit (the less said about the run round the Parks on a freezing cold d ay the better!). Moreover, the indefinitely prol onged strict training was not soothing to the nervous system.

When the thaw eventu ally came-after .about a fortnight-further misfortune b efell us. In the first place, calls on · one or two· m embers of the side by the University prevented the team getting t ogether as much as could have . been desired; and, worse still, on the eve of the St. John's game, C. C. H. Wor rall, who had just regained hi s best fo rm, put out his knee again when playirig· against St. Edward.' s School. This necessitated the reorganis~tion of the three-quarter line, a nd a>:. a result much of the previous training was nullified.

However, we were still confid e nt of winning ou r first 'Cupper' - just a little too confident, as it proved, .as we only just got home by 5-0. The game was not very satisfactory, as it was somewhat

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

67

scrappy and lamentably lifeless on our part. Moreover, in the course of it G. A. D. Calderwood, who played a commendable game, broke a bone in his ankle.

We were a little unlucky to be drawn against B.N .C. in the next round, and were under no misapprehens ion as to the strength of the opposition. We showed a good deal of improvement in this game, but the superiority of the B.N.C. pack in the tight scrums w.as our undoing, as the outsides, who were at any rate holdin g their opponents , did not see quite enough of the game. N evertheless the forwards played a sterling game against heavier opposition. W e lost by a very n a rrow margin-one try and one penalty goal to nil~and while the score perhaps just about represented the difference between the sides, we were a little unluck y not to score at all.

Much of the interest was naturally lost with our elimination from the Cup, but we wound up the season by playing what was probably our best gam e (even though the opposition was not over strong), beating Wolverhampton 36- 0.

Commenting on the term as a whole, it would ap pear that there were three main factors which prevented the team from becoming a really good side. In the first place , the forwards (at least half of whom had played outside the scrum for the greater part of their lives) needed a really good coach ; secondl y, A. Monkman and H. E. Packer, though both playing excellent individual games, did not find quite the happy combination of the year before - and naturally , under the circumstances; while, thirdly, the threequarters never got going r eally properly , partly clue to lack of sufficient match-practice together, and partly to vVorrall's injury .

It would be out of place to m ention individua ls too much in this account, but it would be a pity not to record t he sterling work of A. G. Hopewell in the pack, th e vast improvement shown by E. J. R. Burrough and L. P . Mosdell, a nd, most important of all, the commendable enthusiasm of the whole s ide.

E.L.P. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-R. J. VAUG HAN .

S ecretary-T. P. HAMERTON. It is not easy to sum up the performances of a team which has been subject to such changes as the H all side has experienced this yea r. Rarely has the back division been the same for two successive matches, with the result that combination and scoring. power have been lackin g . The forw a rds have not suffered from quite such a number of c hanges, and have been consistently good in many respects. Line-out work has unfortunately been weak, and

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

there has been a marked inability to stop forward rushes, but every other phase of the game has been well perform ed . In the tight the Hall have usually seen more of the ball than their opponents, owing to t he greatly improved play of A. J. Young. A fairly consistent second row has been s upplied by J. L. Pinniger and J. McDonaug h, who should improve greatly when the r est of the scrum is more stable and they are able to pack a little lower. Wingforward play has been well up to the usual standard, the work of F. M.A. Farrer deserving special mention. Generally the backingup of the forwa rds has been excellent, and many a try has r esulted from their inter-passing movements.

The h alf-backs h ave been consistently good, with frequent flashes of brilliance, although J. H. P. Hall h as shown rather an unfortunate tendency to keep th e ball too long-the only fl aw in an otherwise excellent player. Owing t o injuries, and to calls from the Greyhounds, the three-qua rter line h as never been able to settle down , and has always suffered from a lack of good centres. On the wing F. Martin h as show n good form and should prove a really useful m ember of the side.

The L eague sy stem inaug urated thi s term has produced some interesting games, but on the whole the Ha ll have been out of luck.

Most surprisingly, w e were b eaten by M agdalen, but showed better form in d efeating easily both J esus and Keble . Our chances of promotion to the First Division were finally destroyed when we w ere unable to field our strongest side agai nst University College , who were hitherto unbeaten. Six old Colours were out of the side for various reasons, but the H all put up an excellent fight a nd were unlucky to lose by three goals to a try. As the res ult of a good win over W adham, the Hall a re finally placed second (equal) in the table.

Other games have shown much of the old form, especially the wins over Trinity and Bromsgrove School. The Second XV has done much better than in previous years, having lost only to B. N. C. , but on occasions there has been considerable difficulty in raising a side.

Congratulations are especially du e to E. L. Phillips on being awarded his Blue; to C. C. R eid on playing for the University; and to A. G. Hopewell on playing for the Greyhounds against the University. L. P. Mosdell, J. H.P. H all, R. C. Hastie Smith and F. Martin h ave also played for the Greyhounds.

Colours have been awarded to J. H . P. H a ll and R. C. H as tie Smith.

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Results :-In the League matches, the Hall beat Jesus 27-13, Keble 16-3, and Wadham 26-3, and lost to University 15-3 and to Magdalen 6-3.

In other matches the First XV beat St. John's 36-8, Magdalen 2g---o, Trinity .1 1-3, Bromsgrove School 12-0, Worcester 8-o; and lost to New College 12--0 and Exeter 14-8.

R.J.V. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1933.

Captain-R. B. I. PATES. Secretary-G. C.R. BARKER. The activities of the Association Football Club were hampered both by bad weather and illness. Hence very few matches were played. Three League matches remained unplayed from the previous term, and on our display in these depended our retaining or losing our position in the First Division. Brat;;enose were played early in the term, and a defeat by seven goaJs to one made the remaining two matches doubly important.

Keble were played on our own ground in the third week. At half-time the score was 1-1, and a re-arrangement of the side was. decided upon, W. J. Meredith going to right-back and R. B. I. Pates to inside-left. Before long we succeeded in scoring, but despite further attacks by both teams the defences remained unbeaten, the final score being 2-1.

This re-arrangement having proved so successful, it was retained for our Cup-tie against New College. Our team had, however, had little practice together, for many had been ill and the ground was in too bad a state to allow practice for those who escaped influenza. Our attack in this game was outstanding in its. exhibition of mid-field play, but bad luck and very good work by the New College goalkeeper prevented any score for us. When our opponents did break away from the constant pressure maintained by our forwards, they proved to be too fast for both halves and backs alike, and netted twice before half-time.

The second half was exceedingly fast. Our defence played well and supplied the forwards with passes, but New College decided to pack their goal, and again it seemed that luck was against us.

New College broke away often, but good interception of passes and a defence which was stubborn and relentless kept the score to 4-1.

Our last League match against Corpus was played in the eighth week. We led by one goal to nil at half-time. Soon after, however, Corpus equalised, and the game began to be full of excitement. Good work by our forwards brought its own reward when

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we scored from a w ell-placed corner kick . The game closed with o ur defence acquitting itself well against a spirited but unsuccessful attempt by Corpus to rr,iake the result a draw .

W e congratulate E. E. Lowe on his election to the Centaurs.

At a Colours meeting, W. Ch a rlton was elected Captain and E. E. Lowe Secretary for the next season.

R.B.l.P. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain- W . CHARLTON. Secretary-E. E. LOW E. Of the team that played in most of the Hall m a tches last yea r only th e Captain, R. B . I. Pates, was no t in res idence this term.

Our Freshmen, both in numbers and in promise, exceeded those of r ecent yea rs, w ith the r esult that we started the term with distinct hopes of a s uccessful year. Our L eague record a ppare ntly belies this promi se, but in most of the games a little luck would have made all the difference.

Our two most impo rtant friendly m atch es were against Hitchin Grammar School and Alleyn's School. We won the firs t and lost the second. The number of successful Second XI m atches was a very pleasing featur e, as in most of these we were able to turn out a t eam composed ent irely of m embers of the Club, a fact which a ugurs well for the futur e.

But our chief success this term lay in the fact that we had as many as six members of the Hall team playing for th e Centaurs in one m atch, undoubtedly a record. Apart from those members of the H a ll who a re already Centaurs, E.W. Slaughte r, E. E . Hughes, J. Lee , J. P. Gutch and J. C . E. H ay t er played for the Centaurs this term.

The team, as a whole, showed itself to be a rea lly hard-working c ombin ation . Sheer d etermination m ade up for inexperience and a c ertain lac k of finish. The defence w as very consistent. G. C. R. Barker, in goal, produced some of hi s best form. Th e backs and half-backs a ll played really well. E. E . Lowe, the Secretary and l eft half-back, deputised for the Captain, w ho was playing for the University, and revea led great vigour an d capacity for work every time h e played. The inside forward s , W. J. Meredi th and C. J. Mabey, were frequently impressiv e. J. L ee , E.W. Slaughter and J. C . E. H ayter all showed themselves to be capable of playing g ood foo t ba ll. J. Lee is to be congrat ulated on b eing elected to the Centaurs.

Results. - League Matches: 1J. Trinity, lost, 2-3; v. St. Catherin e's, lost, 0-3; v. Balliol, won, 2 - 1 ; v . Queen's, lost, 1 -3 ; v. Christ Church, lost, 0-3; v . Pembroke, won, 7-1; v.

ST. EOMUND HALL MAGAZINE Keble, lost, 1 - 2 ; v. New College, won, r-o; v. B.N.C., lost, o-i. Friendly Matches: v. Hitchin G.S., won, 5-1; v. Culham, lost, 0-2; v. Alleyn's, lost, 2-8; v. City of Oxford School, drew, 2-2.

w.c.

THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1933.

Captain-T. G. C. WooDFORD. Secrefory-A. D. BROWNE. A term of almost constant difficulty and disappointment resulted In the Club failing to reach the high standards set during the past three years. But we were not disgraced, for never before has the Club suffered such a series of set-backs as we had to face during the course of the term. Injuries and illnesses made it impossible for the team to settle clown, and it says much for the spirit of the Club that we made the progress we did in Cup-ties. Drawn against Exeter in the preliminary round, we were doubtful at first H ever the g·ame was going to be played - the ground was frostbouncl, or it was covered with snow, or it was but a mud-patch.

When eventually the weather gave in and enabled us to play, we were without four of our regular players. C. W. Boothroyd was in a nursing home, and unfortunately was unable to play for the rest of the term, J. Fletcher Cooke was an influenza victim, M. P..

Vidal-Hall was suffering from concussion, and lastly R. F. Burnett .was nursing a poisoned hand. But the enthusiasm that made early morning walks possible carried the re-organised team over its difficulties, and our 6-2 victory was thoroughly deserved. G. A. D. Calderwood was brilliant; apart from scoring four of the goals, he got through an enormous amount of work and was a great source of inspiration to the rest of the team. After him, chief honours go to J. H. Hodson, deputising for Cooke; very sound in defence, he also showed himself to be a constructive player of some ability. ·c. C. Reid, Burnett's substitute, also deserves mention for a capable display at left-back, whilst H. E. Packer, another Rugby ·star, proved to be almost as brilliant on the hockey as on the Rugby field.

In the next round we met Pembroke, and again the team had to be re-organised, for Calderwood had unfortunately broken his · ankle whilst piaying Rugby. The game itself was probably the hardest the Hall has ever played, for, apart from the fact that extra time had to be played, Pembroke were a very determined side and little quarter was given. Our 2 - 1 victory was due in no small measure to the wonderful support we received from the touch'line, an inspiration to the team and an appeal that could not be .qenied.

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St. Peter's Hall, our next opponents, were just too good for us and we were beaten 3-2. Weak shooting undoubtedly cost us this match. Time after time excellent approach work was spoilt by a woefully weak 'poke' at the ball in the circle. H. K. Pusey , .at outside-rig ht, was in good form, but even he grew tired of centreing to forwards who could not shoot. A. D. Browne, at righ tback, was the star of the defence ; it is doubtful if he has ever played better than he did on this day. J. F. Cooke, in goal, maintaining his form of the previous round, did many good things.

Of other matches one or two only need be mentioned. A very enjoyable game was played against Worksop College, although it was unfortunate that the adverse conditions of snow and mud made good hockey impossible. A miser.able p erformance by a weakened team at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, earned for us a 5-0 defeat - but the less said about this match the better. Our other away match against King Edward VI School, Southampton, h ad to be scratched owing to the weath er.

The Second XI continued to display its old enthusiasm and love for the game as a game. Not for them the stern determination of Cup-ties; light-heartedness was the keynote and enjoyment the end of all their games . Our only regret is that the. weather played such havoc with the fixture list.

Colours were awarded during the term to J. Bradley, R. F. Burnett, P. C. Palmer, C. C. Reid, J. F. Cooke and B. B.. Ward.

At a Colours meeting A. D. Browne was elected Captain and R. F. Burnett Secretary for the coming season.

T.G. C.W. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-A. D. BROWNE. S ecretary-R. F. BURNETT. After lean years when Freshmen have shunned the delights of skill and have gravitated towards the crudity of might, the Hockey Club has once more returned to its own, with eleven new members ; the Club is now quite self-supporting, .and the proficiency of the Freshmen has introduced an element of competition which has been lacking in past years, so that the First XI, as it has formed gradually, has developed into a somewhat raw but extremely promising side. For with five of last year's side either down or inelig ible for Cup-ties, the team has been composed largely of fresh material.

The tea m's chances next term, therefore, depend, as usual , on its ability to work together. This term has b een spent mostly in experimenting to find the right team, and the side that has emerged has unfortunately not b een able often to play togeth er as an entity.

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Team-work is built up partly by constant playing together, and partly by collective enthusiasm, both of which will have to be developed further next term. On satisfactory combination, particularly among the forwards, depends the success of the team , in next term's Cup-ties.

The main lines of improvement lie in a greater use of intelligence by every member of the team, an'd increased speed of movement and hitting. The passing needs to be accurate and to the right person - not to the opponents: it needs to be quicker and more varied. The half-backs could well use the long diagonal pass far more to open out the game and give the forwards room. The forwards must learn to shoot quicker and harder, and to make better use of opportunities in the circle.

J. F. Cooke plays a useful game in goal and has improved since last year. With a surer kick, a steadier head and a better judgment through practice, he will develop into a really good goal~ keeper.

I. E. N. Besley has also played severa l games for the First XI and has improved tremendously.

G. M. Burnett has been playing well at left-back. He is a Freshman with a good hit and a sound tackle. He needs to recover quicker and watch his passes.

P. C. Palmer has played consistently well at left-half; he is one of the few people on the field who use their intelligence. He tackles well and feeds his wing accurately. R. D. Hodgson, at centrehalf, is a Freshman who has only lately found his form. He has a good sense of anticipation, and will learn to vary the play and cover back when he becomes more accustomed to the type of hockey played at Oxford. R. G. Pusey, the elder brother of the ex-Captain, has come up this term, and after trials as inside-left and outside-right has b'e en playing a sound game at right-half.

He needs to get the ball away quicker and watch for openings when feeding the forwards.

Of the forwards, D. W. Bigley on the right wing is fast and centres hard, but is erratic, and lacks stick-work. The latter fault is largely due to his habit of playing with one hand. J. Bradley is -an energetic player who adds life to the forward line. He tackles back well, and has thrust in attack, but finishes weakly ; he should learn to shoot. At centre-forward S. H. Rumsey has developed enormously since last season. He has a good sense of position and by his opportunism scores goals - an invaluable asset in a forward. When he learns to combine with his inside forwards he should become really dangerous. The left wing is composed of

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J.

H. Hodson and R. F. Burnett. The former has turned into a hard-working and useful, if clumsy, inside forward. If he can establish a real understanding with Burnett on the wing it will be the making of the side. Burnett, a paragon of versatility, has adapted himself excellently to the difficult position of left-wing, and is now a very effective forward, with stick-work, intelligence and dash.

In the course of the term most of the Second XI have played for the First Xl. But the Second XI itself has had to scratch one match through lack of support, and although they have lost most of their games, it is due more to the heterogeneous nature of their personnel than to their lack of any enthusiasm.

Heartiest congratulations are due to T. G. C. Woodford on playing for the University and for the County.

Results.-v. St. John's, won, 4-3; v. O.C.C. Staff, lost, 0-5; v:. Queen's, lost, l-4; v. New College, lost, 3- 4; v. Hertford, lost, 2-4; v. Magdalen, won, 3-0; v. Cheltenham H.C., drawn, 3- 3; v. Pembroke, won, 3-2; v. Exeter, won, 5- 0; v. Lincoln, won, 4-0; v. Brasenose, won, 5-0; v:. New College, lost, 2-4; v. 0. U. Occasionals, lost, r-6; v. Exeter, lost, 2-4; v. vVadham, won, 4-0; v. Old Edwardians, Southampton, drawn, 2-2; v . St. Peter's Hall, lost, l-3; v. Hertford, lost, l - 6.

A.D. B. THE ATHLETIC CLUB.

1933· Secretary-L. P.

HILARY TERM,

Captain-A. G.

HOPEWELL.

MosDELL.

Thanks to the support of other Clubs and the commendable keenness of its own members, the Athle'tic Club performed quite creditably in the Inter-College Sports this term. We were just beaten for a place in the final of the Second Division Competition, our failure being due largely to lack of talent in the hurdles and field events. We were definitely superior to the other Colleges in our half of the Division in the Half-Mile, the Mile and the Three Miles owing largely to the efforts of C. J. Mabey, while H. K. Pusey secured a number of points in the 100 Yards and the Quarter-Mile. Unfortunately we only managed to obtain one point from all the other events.

C. J. Mabey's activities as President of the 0.U.A.C. are recorded elsewhere, but we should like to congratulate him again here on his successes, and also to thank him for the yeoman service he has rendered the Athletic Club since first becoming a member of the Hall.

Congratulations are due to H. G. Edwards on running crosscountry for the University .

A.G.H.

C. J. M. \ GEY \Vi nni ng the Two Mi les for Oxford a nd C amb ridge aga in st H an·ard and Yale in the reco rd tim e for that m ee ting, 9 min. 22 ·6 :cc.

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TRIK ITY TERM .

Captain-A. G.

HOPEW ELL.

S ec·reta.ry-L . P.

MosDELL.

The Hall Sports were h eld this term a nd again proved very s uccessful. P erhaps the handicapping was too muc h in favour of the ' stars, ' but close finishe s occurred in nearly a ll the events.

The following are th e results: 100 Yards.-1st, L. P. Mosclell (scr.) ; znd, H. J7. Cook (7 yds. ).

Tim e, 10%sees.

220 Ya.r ds.-1st, L. P. Mosclell (scr .); znd, J. E . J7rame (7 yds .).

Time, 25 ~ sees.

440 Yards.-1st, R. J. Vaughan (10 yd s. ); 2nd, J.E. Frame (6yds.) .

Time, 57 sees.

Half-Mile .-.,..- 1st, A. G. H opewell (40 yd s.) ; 2nd, T. A. Littl eton (45 yds.) . T ime , 2 mins.

Mile.-1st, C. J. Mabey (scr.); znd, H. G. Edwards (rnoyds .) .

Time , 4 mins. 29! sees.

Long Jump.-1st, S. H. Rum sey (3 ft.); znd , R. J. Vaughan (3 ft.).

Distance, 20 ft . 7 ins .

High ]ump.-1st, B . R. S. Mainwaring (6 ins.); 2nd, W. A. Nield (5 in s. ). H eight, 5 ft. 5t ins .

Putting-the-Weight.-1 st, L. P. Mosdell (scr.); 2nd, P. H. R ogers (4 ft.) . Di s tance, 29 ft. 5 ins.

At a meeting of Colours L. P. Mosdell was elected Captain and H. G. Edwards Secretary for th e en s uing year .

A.G.H. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-L. P.

MosDELL.

Secretary- H. G.

E D WA RDS.

The chief event of this te rm fo r th e H all was th e In te r-College Relays . \iVe did better than la st year, a lthough we did not succeed in reaching Division I. Actually we w ere fourth in ou r Division with 7 points. The weakness of t he team was again to be found in th e hurdle events. If only w e had some hurdlers ! We w ere second in the Distance M~dley (2 x 880 yards+ 2 x 1 mile) and also in the Sprint Medley (2 x 220 ya rds + 2 x 440 yards). There are several promising at hletes amongst thi s year's Freshmen , a nd c on~ gratulations are du e to R. A. Cru se, J. K. Jarvi e, J. N. Shaw and M. Y. Ffrench-vVilliams on their perfo rm a nces in th e Freshmen 's Sports.

Congratulations are also du e to H. G. Edwards for winning the Seniors ' Cross-Country Race and on running Cross-Country for the University. .

L.P.M.

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THE LAWN TENNIS CLUB. TRINITY TERM, 1933.

Captain-W. A . HOLT. Secretary-M. R. BROWN. The last season was marred by the unfortunate absence of the Captain, to w hom we extend our sincere sympathies coupled with all best wishes for a complete and speedy recovery.

Despite the fact that the weather was unusually kind throughout the term, the majority of the fixtures did not materialise for sundry reasons. Out of twenty-nine fixtur es the First VI won five .and lost nine , fifteen being cancelled. The Second VI fared even worse, winning only two and losing eight, nineteen being cancelled. In the Cup-ties th e VI suffered its usual fate, losing 8-o to Balliol, who were, however, one of the -better sides. Our performance was a little unfortunate, as for some reason every m ember of the team failed to reach his normal standard, and the defeat was overwhelming.

The Hall Tournaments were quite a success. The Freshmen's Tourna ment, a new venture last year, and a useful factor in discovering fr esh talent, was won by C. C. Hughes. The Open Singles Tourna ment was won in the last few available hours of term by C. W. Boothroyd. The annual American Doubles Tournament attracted a large entry and provid ed an enjoyable afternoon for m any. This was eventually won by H. E. Packer and T. G. C. Woodford, the runners-up being F. M.A. Farrer a nd L. G . Holmes.

A new precedent has been set by the Amalgamated Clubs in generously paying the subscriptions to enable the members of the VI to join the O~ U.L.T.C. It is hoped that this will cause an allround improvement in a branch of Hall sport in which a r evival is due.

At a Colours m eeting M. R. Brown was elected Captain and M.R.B. I. E. N. Besley Secretary for the ensuing year.

THE SWIMMING CLUB .

Captain-W. WALLACE. The Swimming Club took a bold step [Should not this read ' plunge '?-ED. J, when in Hilary Term last year w e entered the Inter-College Water-Polo League. In fact, with the exception of T. P. Hamerton, no member of the team had played serious Water-Polo before. But as the term went on the team steadily improved. So much so, that we won two and drew one of the last three matches . Particularly satisfactory was the last match in which we drew with a Pembroke side containing three Half-Blues.

The extent to which we were handicapped by illness may be judged

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by the fact that M. P. Vidal-Hall, A . D. Browne, R. J. Vaughan, G. K. B. Evens, T. P. Hamerton, F. M.A. Farrer, J . H. H odson , H . H. E. Peacock and W. Wallace all played in the various matches.

In the Summer Term, although we lo st the first round of the Cup-ties to Pembroke, we reached the semi-final of the InterCollege Relays. There, after an excellent race, we lost by a touch, again to our old rivals, Pembroke. The teams were :-Polo: M. P. Vidal-Hall, T. P. Hamerton, G. K. B. Evens, R. J. Vaughan and W. Wallace. R elay: M. P. Vidal-Hall, T. P. H amerton, S. G. Rees and W. Wallace.

There was a record entry for the Matthews Cup. Of the twenty competitors, Vidal-Hall drew away early to finish first, Browne was second and T. M. F. Rogers third.

Prospects at the beginning of the Michaelmas Term were of the brightest. For the Hall to be able to call on the services of an Olympic swimmer is a great deal more than any swimming captain has a right to hope for. The inclu sion of M. Y. FrenchWilliams as an unofficial coach and a player in the Water-Polo side has made it one of the best in the League. His example has improved the standard of play of all the other members of the team.

In preliminary squashes one problem was to find a good goalkeeper. In K. D. Luke it has been happily resolved.

Considering our s ub sequent improvem ent, we were unlucky to meet Jesus, probably the strongest side in the League, in our first match. Perhaps the lessons gained from our 6--1 defeat are partly responsible for the fact that we have not since lost a match. Our greatest s uccess occurred in a drawn game w ith Queen's, the Cup holders, towards the end of term. At the time of writing, · we share second position in the First Division with that College.

In addition to Ffrench-Williams, we have· a promising Freshman in M . J. Mortimer, and with more practice P. H. G. Newhouse or G. W. McNaught might fill the last place in the team.

Hall swimming is altogether in as flouri sh ing a state as it has ever been.

W.W. THE CHESS CLUB. Secretary-F. M.A. FARRER .

The activities of the Club have been continued as usual. Private games have b een played, and a competition was held in the Hilary Term, which was won by K. D. Luke. The Secretary for 1933-34 is K. D. Luke, to whom application should be made for the use of the Hall chessmen.

F.M.A.F.

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THE LITTLElVI ORE 'LIVES OF THE ENGLISH SAINTS '

T

H E Principal record s elsewh ere in the Magazine among the

addition s to the Library of the Hall this year a unique set of the Lives of the English Sa:i111ts, proj ected and origina lly ed ited by J. H. N ewm an during his last years in th e English Church. The Lives are often refe rred to as ' Th e Littlemore Lives ,' because N ewman had settled at Littlemore w h en the series began, arid some of the w riters were Jor a longer or sh orte1· period resident th ere with him. A compl e te set of th e Lives in their original form h ad become something of a r a rity, so that a reprint of them, edited by the R ev. A. l iV. Hutton, then R ector of Easthope, later R ector of S. Mary-l e-Bow in the City of London, \Va s publi s hed by S. T. Freemantle in 1900. More than that, th e Lives had becom e surrounded by a n air of m ystery, for they we re all anonymous.

L egend s circula ted, indeed, they circ ulate still, abo ut their a uthorship. No complet e list of the authors was know n . N ewman himself seemed reticent on the subject. He had referred to it in th e Apologia, tw ice in the t ext 1 and again in a Note in the first edition, 2 in wh ich he dea lt in detail with Charles Kingsley's attack on som e pa ssages in th e Lh1cs, a Note which in the next edition, of 1865, h e replaced by reprinting the original prospectus of the series, with th e long· Calendar of Eng lish Saints attached to it. But h e did n oth ing to cl ea r up the question of a utlrnrship. In the li st of his ow n publi cations, printed at the end of the Apologia, h e did not include bis contributions to th e Lives, though, to be sure, they were ve ry slig ht. These facts to a suspicious eye suggested something to be concealed, and the a bsence of clear a nd definit e information naturally bred legend.

At last th e facts a re clear; th e copy of the Li·ves in the Library of the Hall makes them sure . This set o rig inally belonged to Jam es Toovey, who publish ed th e series, and into the six exquisitely bound volumes Mr. Toovey caused to be inserted MS . letters that h e had received from all th e write rs of the Lives, except two , and thu s the vexed que s tion of th e a uthorship of the Li·ves is settled.

The two w riters in the ser ies not represented in the MS . letters are J. A. Froucle, then Fellow of Exeter Coll ege, .a nd William Lockhart, a membe r of the sam e Coll ege. There are letters from Froucle 1 Oxford Editi on, 19 13, p. 173 and pp. 302-4 .

Ibid., pp . 401-6.

3 Ibid., pp. 503-18 .

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relating to his share in t he se ri es among t he MSS . of Cardinal Newma n a t th e Oratory, Edg baston .

Th e set in the Hall Library is a lso remarkable as containing a Life of St. TVillehrord and his Companions, to which is added a L ife of St. L ioba. These are printed exactly in the same form as the o th er Lives in the seri es , and to them , as to mos t of the others, is prefixed an eng raving by Pug in . Some years ago I w as shown a copy of th ese additional Lives which its owner had found in a boo k shop , but or its authorship nothing was kn own. The m yste ry of the a ut horsh ip o f th ese two Lives and of their suppres s ion is now solved by fo ur of the letters w hich Mr. Toovey h ad bound up w ith his se t. The a uthor was Thomas Meyrick . There a r e three letters ho rn him to Mr. Toovey. The fir st as ks: 'vVill you be kind enough to let m e know by ret urn of post w hat cost I shall inc ur by the suppression of St. vVillebrord as I do not w ish either it or S. Lioba to be printed if it can now be prevented. The next, dated ' \iVecln csclay rgth,' as k s Mr. Toovey to b e kind e noug h to let the m atter s ta nd as it is for a few d ays . M r . Meyrick goes on : ' I have g reat doubts as to the propr iety of the publication of St. W ill ebrorcl wh ether a tru e Catholic would do it. Can you wait say till this day weeh until this doub t is resolved? ' Th e th ird, dated si mply' vVcdn esday ,' says' D o not print any Copies, but send m e the MS . a nd let t he type be broken up. I conclude since you do not m ention it there w ill be no further ch a rge as you ass ured m e the wo r k was stopped till the tenth. Please to a nswer by ret urn of post and let m e know if there is.' A letter fro m th e Rev. Arthur Meyr ick, fath er of Thom as, follow s. It run s:

Wedn esday 5th .

Srn, My son w ho is in corresp o!1dence w ith you is under great excitement o f mind respecting suppress ing hi s p ublication.

H ave th e goodness to w rite to him. by return of post s tating you r perfect satisfaction with t he sum he has paid and I will be answerable to you for any further demand you may have of him .

Yr. obliged, ARTHUR MEYRI CK.

Write to me a lso, he will no t see yr. letter to m e.

All fo ur letters are written fr om Ram sb ury , Wil tshire, wh ere Thomas Meyrick was born in 18 17 . He was a Scho lar of Corpus C hris ti College and won a First Class in L it. Hum . in 1838. H e became a private tutor in Oxford. In 1845 he beca m e a Roman Catholic a nd later a J esuit. Twice be left the Society, and seem s to have oscillated between th e English and the R om an Churches.

He a ppears to have survived al l th e con trib utors to the series ,

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for he was still alive when Mr. A. W. Hutton publish ed his edition of the Lives in 1900.

A few copies o.f the Lives of St. Willebrord and St. Lioba had evide~t ly been struck off before they were withdrawn from publication. One copy at least was preserved by Mr. Toovey, who had it bound into the third volume of his set.

The story of the origin of the Lives of the English Saints has been told by Newman himself. He wished to illustrate the continuity of the English Church of his day with the English Church in the Middle Ages by showing that Catholic principles could and did co-exist with a love of the National . Church. ' Peopl e shrink from Catholicity, and think it implies want of affection for our National Church. Well then, merely remind them that you take the National Church, but only you do not date it from the R eformation. In order to kindle love of the National Church, and yet to inculcate a Catholic tone, nothing else is necessary but to take our Church in the Middle Ages. L a ud, I believe, somewhere calls St. Anselm his " great predecessor." Would not the history of Anselm be a g reat sub ject for you? ' So he wrote to his earliest friend ]. W. Bowden on April 4, 1841.

Almost exactly two years later, on April 3, 1843, he wrote to the same correspondent about ' a plan I have for editing in numbers Saints of the British Isl es. Is there any one you would like to take? ' But now the project has a further object. He thought the plan would employ the minds of the more extreme m en, ' bringing them from doctrine to history, and from speculation to fact; again as giving them an interest in the English soil and the English Church, and keeping them from seeking sympathy with Rome as she is ; and further, as seeking to promote the spread of rig ht views.' He adds : ' Many men are getting to work. I set down the names of men, most of them engaged, the rest half-engaged, and probably some actually writing.' 4 Mr. Arthur Hutton, who quoted these passages in his Introduction to his edition of the Lives, adds : 'The list that accompanied this letter was suppressed

by N ewman when the latter was published.' 5 But a copy of the Cal,enda.r of the English Saints, which was part of the prospectus of the p;oposecl series, ex ists, annotated in Newman's hand, and • Ibid., p . 302. s Lives of the English Saints. Ed. i900. In trod . to Vol. I, p. x: Mr . Hutton re peats his statement that Newman ' su ppressed the li st of contributors ' in Vo l. VI, p. 398, of the same edit ion . The facts are that Newm a n printed part of the letter, without the li st , in th e Apologia in i864, and that Miss Mozley in h er editi o n of the Cardinal's Anglican Letters and Correspondence, 2 vols., i890, did not select the letter for publi cat ion. But it is printed in full w ith the li st 9f na m es in the Correspondence of]. H. Newman, 1839-18.1.S. i917, p. 235 seq. See the Appendix to this article.

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against the names of various Saints he has written the name of the author to whom the Life is assigned. Newman gave it to Mr. Toovey, a nd it is now bound up with the letters which Mr. Toovey had inserted in his set of the Lives. Its interest and value are obvious : it shows the various men who in 1843 were prepared to take a part in what promised to be .a very remarkable work, if only the project in its fulness haq been realised- but just as it came to its f~1lfilm en t other forces intervened to check and to ruin it. The names of the proj ected contributors contained in this list are printed in an Appendix to this article."

One further motive was evidently in Newman's mind when he began the series. He was, after the storm which Tract 90 aroused in 18,p , in his own phrase, 'on his death-bed as r egards the Anglican Church.' But he clung to one fact : it had the Note of Sanctity. ' Holiness without which no man can see the Lord ' was the watchword of the Revival of 1833. And he ' fell back upon the Note of Sanctity' also because it r elieved him from the task of ' making any attack upon the doctrines of the Roman Church.' 7 The idea that the series should illustrate the continuity of the English Church may seem odd when in the Calendar of Saints (and Worthies, for some not officially ca nonised are included) the list of names ends with 'Richard Fox, Bishop of Winton, 1528, Sept.

14,' and there was no suggestion of including such post-Reformation names as Archbishop Laud, King Charl es I, or even Bishop Thomas Ken, an office for whose day Newman himself had drawn up in his Tract on the Breviary, Tract No. 75. We need to remember that the task at that time was not to justify th e Church of England as it then was, but to prove that the Church in the Middle Ages was also holy : its holiness since th e Reformation was generally taken for granted; it was its story in the Middle Ages which was at that time in ignorance neglected and condemned by the popular mind. The pendulum h as swung far in the opposite direction since.

There exist in print two lists of the authors of the Lives of the English Saints. One, most accurate, by Mr. Edward Bellasis, appeared in the Gua,rdian of March 16, 1892; the other, far more elaborate, with short biographies of the alleged writers, by the Rev. A. W. Hutton, is in his edition of the Lives published in 1900. The MS. letters preserved by Mr. Toovey show that the latter list is not completely accurate.

6 The Appendix a lso contains a comparison between this list and the list of names given by Newman to K eble, the so-called 'suppressed list ' of Mr. Hutton.

7 Ibid ., pp. 248, 249.

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, There are besides two MS. lists. One, compiled by Pr. J. R. Bloxam, is among his MS. collections at Magdalen. 8 This list was checked by Cardinal Newman. The other, a shorter one, is in a letter to the Rev. G. R. Adam, Vicar of Shoulden, near Deal, in the Cardinal's own hand, dated March 31, 1881. 9 In both the Cardinal writes that in some cases his memory is indistinct, in the second this indistinctness is very marked.

In the light of the letters to Mr. Toovey, the list of authors of the printed Lives is as follows. The volumes are given in the order of their publication.

I. St. Stephen Ha.r ding. J. D . Dalgairns.

2. The Family of St. Richard the Saxon. (This contains four Lives, viz. St. Richard the King, St. Willibald, St. W alb urga and St. Winibald.) Thomas Mey rick. . 3. St. Augustine. Part I. F. Oakeley.

4. H errnit Saints. This contains seven Lives, by the following writers: t. St. Gundleus. J. H. Newman.

11. St. Helier. J. D. Dalgairns. m. St. Herbert. J. Barrow.

1v. St. Edelwald. J. H. Newman. v. St. Bettelin. The prose by J. H. Newman, the verse

by J. D. Dalgairns. v1. St. Neot. J. A. Froude. v11. St. Bartholomew. J. D. Dalgairns. 10 5. St. William. R. A. Coffin.

St. Wulstan. R. W. Church.

6. St. Paulirnus, St. Bd'win, St. Ethelburga, St. Oswald, St. Oswin, St. Ebba, St. Adamnan, and St. Bega. F. W. Faber.

7. St. Gilbert of Sernpringham . W. Lockhart, finished by J. D .

Dalgairns.

8. St. Wilfrid. F. W. Faber.

9 . St. German. Part I. J. Walker . rn. Stephen Langton. Mark Pattison.

11. St. German. Part II. J. Walker.

• MSS. of Magd. Coll., Oxford. Bl oxam Collection, Vol. I, p. 517. The volume is lettered ' Cardinal Newm a n.'

9 In my possession.

10 The authorship of this last , which seems to have been largely forgotten, Mr. A. W . Hutton ascribed to T. Mozley , while Dr. Bloxam h as a pencil note ' '? D a lga irns.' Mr. Bellasis h as it correctly. In a letter from J. D. D a lgairns to the R ev. John Gresley, dated 'Littlem ore. Septr. 5th, 1844,' occurs the fol~ lowing : ' I am glad you like the Li ves of the Saints . . . I s uppose tha t you know that St. Augustine is O akeley's; St. Richard , Meyrick's; St. Wul sta n, Church's; St. William, Coffin's; the H ermit Saints are a hodge-podge. St. Neot is by Froude of Exeter; St. Gundl eus a nd a few minor ones by Newman; St .

B art holomew a nd St. H elier by m e ; St. H erbert by Barrow. Th e last one of all (i. e. Vol. 6) is by Faber: w hich mu st not however be m enti oned.' The letter is in possession of the R ev. Dr. E. H ermitage Day, F.S.A.

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St. Augustine. Part II. F. Oakeley.

13 . St. Aelred. J. D. Dalgairns.

St. Ninian. J. Barrow.

St. EdmrUnd of Canterbury. Mark Pattison.

St. Richard of Chichester. J. D. Dalgairns.11 Waltheof. J. D. Dalgairns.

Robert of Newminster. J. D. Dalga irns.

As the list given above shows, there were twelve, thirteen if R. Ornsby be included, writers in the Series. In alphabetical order they were: i . John Barrow, Fellow of Queen's College, later Principal of St. Edmund Hall.

2. R. W. Church, Fellow of Oriel College, later Dean of St. Paul's.

3. R. A. Coffin, Student of Christ Church, later Roman Catholic Bishop of Southwark.

4. J. D. Dalgairns, of Exeter College, later Superior of the London Oratory.

5. F. W. Faber, Fellow o.f University College, later Superior of the London Oratory.

6. J. A. Froude, Fellow of Exeter College, later Regius Professor of Modern History.

7. W. Lockhart, of Exeter College, later Procurator-General of the Order of Charity.

8. Thomas Meyrick, Scholar of C.C.C., later a member of the Society of Jesus.

9. J. H. Newman, Fellow of Oriel College, later Cardinal. lO. Frederick Oakeley, Fellow of Balijol College, later Canon of the R.C. Diocese of W estminster. l l. Mark Pattison, Fellow, and later Rector of Lincoln College.

12. John Walker, Scholar of B.N.C., later Canon Penitentia ry of the R. C. Diocese of Westminster.

13. Robert Ornsby, Fellow of Trinity College, later Professor in the R . C. University of Ireland.

12.

Of these there are preserved with Mr. Toovey's set of the Lives in the Hall Library letters from Dr. Barrow (1), Dean Church (1), Bishop Coffin (1), Fr. Dalgairns (4), Fr. Faber (2), T. Meyrick (3), Canon Oakeley (2), Mark Patti son (2), Canon Walker (1), while of 11 Dr. Bloxam h ad originally assigned this to T. Meyrick, but th e Ca rdinal wrote against this,' No.' Bloxam put it down finally to D a lgairns a nd Lockha rt.

Mr. A. W. Hutton ascribes it to R. Ornsby, on the au thority of his own sta tement; but there is no other authority for this. Ornsby was brother-in-law of D.a lgairns , and it is possible that D a lgairns was helped by him in finishing the Life. Ornsby, as an Anglican, was in 1845 curate of St. Thomas the Less, Chi chester. But in a letter to Toovey dated ' Littlemore, September 2,' Dalgairn s sends the Life of St. Waltheof and adds ' I shall send you St. Richa rd next Saturday or next Monday,' so that cl ea rly he was responsible for t he work . Th e · · letter is a m ong the MSS. at th.e Hall.

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Cardinal Newman there are fifteen. J. A. Froude and W. Lockhart (and R. Ornsby, if he was one of the writers, which seems extremely · doubtful) are unrepresented in the series.

The copy of the prospectus of the Lives which Mr. Toovey preserved h as a lready been mentioned. It is of special interest, as it contains Newman's own record of the names of those whom he hoped to enlist as contributors to the series. A list of projected contributors and the Lives which it was planned that they should write is printed as an appendix to this article.

Among the MSS. of Cardinal Newman connected with the Lives of the English Saints at the Oratory, Birmingham, to which by the kindness of the Community I was allowed most generous access last August, are various letters and papers which supplement the collection at the Hall. 12 There are some most elaborate lists of Saints, compiled evidently with a view to this series, drawn from such various sources as the Prayer Book and Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints. The first of these is endorsed by the Cardinal: ' This is in Pattison 's writing [since Rector of Lincoln].' Three or four of these lists with notes on the authorities for the Lives are in Newman's own hand, and occasionally the name of an author is put against a Saint's nam e . Among such names is that of Lewis (D . Lewis, Fellow of Jesus College) for many of the Celtic Saints, Dalgairns, Faber, Coffin and all those written down by the Cardinal in the list printed below.

The only additional names these MSS. give are those of C . P. Chretien, Fellow of Oriel; George Tickell, Fellow of University College, then an assista~t curate to F. Oakeley at the Margaret Street Chapel, London, and two who were to play a considerable part in the later stages of the Movement In the English Church, viz . W. ]. Butler, the famous Vicar of Wantage, later Dean of Lincoln, and F. M. Murray, the hardly less famous Rector of Chislehurst. Mr. Tickell was invited to contribute the lives of Saints Elgiva, Edith and Wulfhilda; h e had already been busy collecting material for some of Mr. Oakeley's Lives . C. P. Chretien, on July 7, 1843, undertook the life of Archbishop Bradwardine, but a month later withdrew, on the advice of his oculist. C. J. Smith (of Ch. Ch.) undertook John of Salisbury. W. J. Butler, writing from Puttenhani, Guildf<'.:>rd, on October 25 ( 1843] offered his services, introducing himself to Newman t.hrough Henry Wilberforce, ' with whom I am slightly acquainted.' Apparently the offer was not accepted, for Mr. Butler's name appears in no list. Mr. Francis Murray had undertaken some lives, but he wrote 12

MSS. at the Oratory, Birmingham.

A.15. 5

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on D ecember 30 [1843] from the D eanery, Worcester, apologising for not having written them . He had prepared a good deal of material but he was without means of consulting books, and his father did not wish him to return to Oxford, so he apologises·and withdraws. In the same collection are some most interesting letters to Newman from J. A. Froude. He was at work on a Life of St. Patrick, which was in fact announced as ' preparing for publication' on the back of Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the series.

But h e was disturbed by the Romanising tone of the Lives , and ultimately he withdrew. H e had already written the Life of St. Neat, a Cornish hermit, published in Volume 4 of the series, The Hermit Saints.

At least one Life was written but never printed: that of St. Hugh of Lincoln, by the R ev. R. H. Gray, Student of Christ Church, later Rector of Wolsingham, Durham, and Hon. Canon of Chester. Mr. Gray had b ecome anxious about the tone of the series, and withdrew from his share in it.

J. A. Froude's connexion with the series has given rise to a legen d w hich dies hard; it even r e-a ppeared in a book by a scholarly antiquary, a work of learning, so recently as 1932. The story is that the beautiful sentence at the close of the Life of St. Bettelin , ' And. this is all th at is known, and more than a ll - yet nothing to what the angels know - of the life of a servant of God who si nn ed and repented, and did penance and washed out his sins, a nd became a Saint and reig ns with Christ in heaven ,' was written by Froude with his tongue in his cheek, that N ewma n passed it in proof and only noticed it when the volume h ad been publi sh ed , then he -was so angry th at he at once gave up th e editorship of the series. That story r ecurs constantly. Yet it is an unu sually clumsy mis-statement. For J. A. Froud e did not write the Life of St. Bettelin. It was a composite work of N ewm an and Dalgairns: Dalgairns wrote the verse and Newman wrote the prose. The sentence which is supposed to have roused N ewm a n' s surprise and anger he wrote him self, as anyone acquai nted with hi s style would have supposed. N ewman did indeed retire from the formal editorship of the seri es after the second volume was published, because the tone of the two or three earlier Lives was, in the judgment of m en of great weight, inconsistent with loyal membership of the E ng li sh Church. And be declined to be held responsible for them. Undoubtedl y his action was influenced by a long letter from Mr. Gladstone to J. R. Hope (later Hope-Scott) written from 13 Carleton House Terrace on Advent Sunday, December 3, 1843, and now preserved at the Birming ham Oratory.

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Returning some sheets of the Lives of the Saints sent to him for criticism, Mr. Gladstone wrote strongly of the disloyalty to the English Church which he found in them, naming especially the introduction of particular points and phrases of Roman doctrine such as the devotion to St. Mary and the like. Gladstone's opinion was shared by Dr. Pusey, as the letters from Newman to J. R. Hope show. 13 Yet by no means all the Lives are of that type.

Mark Pattison in his Memoirs drew attention to the two Lives he wrote for the series, viz Stephen Langton and St. Edmund of Abingdon, remarking that they were unusual in that day for their original research. Dean Church's St. Wulstan is, as might be expected, a model of clear historical writing, free, as its writer was free, from the Romanising bias which was influencing another wing of the Movement, while Dr. Barrow's two contributions, St. Herbert and St. Ninian, are of the same class. The fact that Dr. Barrow was a contributor to the series and that a letter from him is among the MSS. bound up with the Lives is of special interest, for he was Principal of the Hall from 1854 to 1861, and appointed Dr. Liddon Vice-Principal in 1859, thus linking the Hall for all time with the Oxford Movement. Not all the Lives are of this texture, though none of them approach the tone of Faber's later Roman Catholic series of Saints' Lives which Mr. Hutton calls ' the veritable tipsy-cake of hagiology.' 14 And Charles Kingsley in his ferocious attack on Newman in 1864, 15 which had the happy result of causing the Apologia to be written, seizing on the series, made merry with passages in the Lives of St. Augustine and St. Walburga, yet singled out the Life of St. N eot, written by his brother-in-law, J. A. Froude, for a word of praise. Kingsley's attack was so gravely unjust that he gave himself into Newman's hands, and Newman did not spare him. The controversy is of interest now chiefly because it produced the Apologia and, incidentally, called attention again to the series. Looking at its fourteen volumes, it is interesting to remember that of their twelve authors, four, Newman, Church, Pattison and Froude, have their place in English letters, while Faber, Dalgairns and Oakeley are not unknown to fame. Four Lives advertised in the series never appeared: St. Hugh by Canon R. H. Gray, St. Godric by F. S. Bowles, St. Patrick by J. A. Froude and Lanfranc by Dean Church.

But a study of St. Anselm by Church appeared in the British Critic, 13

Correspondence of]. H. Newman, 18_19-1845, pp. 280-289.

J,ives .of the English Saints. 1900 ed. Vol. I, p. xxvi.

What, Then, Does Dr. Newman Mean? a pamphlet by Charles Kingsley, reprinted in the Oxford ed. of the Apologia, r9r3, pp. 38-46. Newman's reply is on pp. 401-409.

14 15

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and was developed into his monograph on the greatest of the Archbishops of Canterbury, first published in 1870 and still in print.

S. L . 0LLARD. APPENDIX.

The following list contains the names of the contributors whom Cardinal Newman planned to enlist as authors for his series, and is compiled from his own annotations to the copy of the prospectus which Mr. Toovey preserved : Mr. [J .] Barrow, Queen's: Ninian.

Mr. [John] Walker, B.N.C.: Germanus.

Mr. [J.] W[alker]: Lupus.

Mr. [D,] Lewis, Jesus: All the Welsh Saints.

Mr. [J. D .] Dalgairns : Helier.

Mr. [F.] Oakeley: Augustine.

- - - Mellitus.

- - - Laurence.

- - - Peter.

- - - Justus.

- - - Honorius.

- -- Deus-dedit.

Mr. [R. A.] Coffin : Felix.

- - - Birinus.

- -- Hedda.

Mr. [A. W.] Haddan, Trinity: Theodore.

Mr. [M. J.] Johnson, O bservatory: Aldhelm . .Mr. [J. ] Walker, B.N .C.: Bathilclis.

Mr. [F. W.] Faber: Paulinus.

- - - Edwin.

- - - Ethelburga.

- - - Oswald.

- - - Oswin .

- - Ebba.

- -- Adamnan.

- -- Bega.

- - - Hilda.

- - - Sethrida.

Mr . [J. S.] Brewer? or Mr. [F. W.] Faber : Erconwald.

Mr. [F. W.] Faber: Jurmin.

- - - Eclelburga.

- - - Ethelreda.

- - - Withburga.

- - - Sexburga.

- - - Ercongota.

- -- Ermenilcla.

- - - Wereburga.

Mr. [C. B .] Bridges. [Oriel] : Mi!Edilburga. burga.

Mildreda.

- -- Milwida.

- - - Eaclburga.

Ryder qy. (in pencil) : Wulfad and Ruffin.

Mr. [T. D.] Ryder [, Oriel] : Chad.

- - Cedd.

- - - Owin.

Mr. [F. W.] Faber: Wilfrid.

Mr. [T.] Meyrick: Egbert.

- - - Ewalds (two).

- - - Willebrord.

- - - Swibert.

- -- Willeik.

- - - Adelbert.

- -- Werenfrid.

- - - Engelmund.

- - - Plechelm.

Mr. [R . W.] Church: Boniface.

Mr. [T. ] Meyrick: Richard, Kg .

- - - Willibald.

- - - Winebald.

- - - Walburga.

- - - Lioba.

- - - Tecla.

Mr. [F. W.] Faber: Boisil.

- - - Aidan.

- - - Finan ..

- - - Colman.

- - - Eata.

- - - Cuthbert.

- - - Ywy. Mr. [J.] Barrow : Herbert.

Mr. [F:w.] Faber: Eadbert.

Mr. [J. H.] Newman: Aedelwald.

Mr. [F. W.] Faber: Ethelwold.

- - - Acea.

- - - Ceolulph.

- - - Balther.

- -- Bilfrid.

- . - - Alchmund.

- - - Tilhbert.

- - - Benedict Biscop.

Mr. Keble : Bede.

Mr. [A. W.] Haddan: B. Alcuin.

Mr. [C. H.] Collyns, Ch. Ch. : Guthlake.

Mr. [R. A. ] Coffin: Frideswide.

Mr. [J. H.] Newman: Bettelin.

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Mr. [J.A.] Froude: Neot.

- - - Grimbald.

- - B. A.l fred.

Mr. [F.] Oakeley: Edgar.

- - - Edward.

- - - Edith.

- - - Wulfhilda.

Mr. [J . S.] Bre\ver: Odo. Mr. [F.] Oakeley: Oswald, Abp. of York.

Mr. [J. H.] Newman: Dunstan.

Mr. [F.] Oakeley: Ethelwold.

Mr. [F. W.J Faber: Brithwold.

Mr. [J. S. J Brewer : Elphege.

Mr . [J. S.] Brewer(?): Edward, K. & Confessor.

Mr. [R. W.] Church: Wulstan .

- - - Lanfranc.

- - - . Anselm.

Mr. [James B.] Mozley: Thomas, Abp. M. of Canterbury.

Mr. [R.H.] Gray: Hugh.

Mr. [C. H.] Collyns: Ingulphus.

Mr. [R. A.] Coffin: William, Abp. of York.

Mr. [F. S.] Bowles: Godric.

Mr. [J. D .] Dalgairns : Gilbert of Sempringham.

Mr. [J . S.] Brewer: Peter of Blois.

Mr . [J. D . ] Dalgairns: Stephen, Abbot of Citeaux.

- - - Robert, Abbot of Newminster .

- - - Ulric .

- - - Walthen.

- - - Aelred.

Mr. [M.] Pattison: Stephen Langton .

- - - Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury.

Mr. [J. D.] Dalgairns: Richard, Bp. of Chichester.

Mr. [A.] St. John: Simon Stock.

Mr. [J . S.] Brewer and Mr . [J.D.] Dalgairns: Robert Kilwardby.

Mr. [J. S .] Brewer: Robert Grossteste. qy. : Bradwardine, Abp. of Canterbury.

The list of names given by Newman to Keble (Mr. Hutton's 'suppressed list') is summarised in the Ap'ologia in a sentence: 'About thirty names follow, some of them at that time of the school of Dr. Arnold, others of Dr. Pusey's, some my personal friends and of my own standing, others whom I hardly knew, while of course the majority were of the party of the new Movement.' 16 It contains twenty-nine names, but it omits seven including those of the writer and his correspondent, which are on the li'? t preserved by Mr. Toovey. So it appears at its beginning Newman hoped to enlist thirty-five men in the project. The names not on the list printed above are :

J.

W. Bowden, Trinity.

G. Tickell, Fellow of University.

3. A. P. Stanley, Fellow of University ' (perhaps).'

4. W. C. Lake, Fellow of Balliol.

5. R. G. Macmullan, Fellow' of I.

2.

c.c.c.

6. J. A. Ashworth, Fellow of B.N .C .

7. Albany J. Christie, Fellow of Oriel.

8. C. E. Prichard, Fellow of Balliol.

9. R . Ornsby, Lincoln, later Fellow of Trinity. .

10. W. Lockhart, Exeter. l I. H. Harris, Fellow of Magdal en .

12. C. ·p. Chretien, Fellow of Oriel.

13. F. H. Murray, Student of Ch. Ch.

In fact no one of these wrote a complete Life, though Lockhart had begun St. Gilbert of Sempringham, which was finished by Dalgairns, .and Ornsby, according to Mr. A. W. Hutton, is responsible for St. Richard of Chichester.

16

Apologia, p.

302.

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THE DIARY OF A SLEDGING JOURNEY IN SPITSBERGEN [When the Oxford Expedition was two days out of Tromsii on its way to Spitsbergen in th e summer of r933, I was suddenly tra nsferred fr om the staff of the Ba se Camp to one of the sledging parties which were to explore the lceCap of N ew Friesla nd. Wh a t follows is th erefore the impression gain ed by one who w a s unprepared for the experience and quite untutored in Arct ic Craf t. It is written as som e small sign of gratitude towards the Maga zine for a very generou s grant towards the funds of the Expediti on, but it is e ntirely a ' perso n al ' account and must in no way be r egarded as ' official.']

E

IGHTEEN m embers of the Oxford Expedition left Engl.and in the last days of June, crossing from Newcastle to Bergen, and thence taking the mail-boat up the coast of Norway to Trom so , the port from which most Arctic Expeditions start. Of the eighteen, eight were to work in and around the Base. This was situated at the h ead of Ice Fjord, which runs back from the west coast into the heart of the country, and which, with Wijde Bay, running some 50 miles due south from the north coast, a lmost succeeds in cutting the main island of Western Spitsbergen into two parts.

The other ten were to be taken round to the north coast and there form three parties, one, a boat party, which planned to travel down Wijde Bay to its southern end, surveying the east shore and ultimately travelling overland the few miles to the Base Camp; th e remainder forming two sledge p arties, who were to work back overland with a programme lasting nine weeks. 'A' sledge-party was a unit of four-Fleming, geologist and leader, of Cambridge ; Caring ton-Smith, a 'sapper' and surveyor , also of Cambridge; Irvine, wireless operator, of Magdalen, Oxford; and myself, a lso a geologist. It was essentially a surveying and geological party; but 'B ' party, with three men, was a seismographical party and carried this instrument , hoping by means of the echoes of surface explosions to be able to get estimates of the thickness of the ice covering. When once we separated from the other two parties we lost touch with them entirely, and so this account must be confined to the experiences of 'A' party.

For four days we were rolled about th e Arctic Ocean in a sealing boat of about 150 tons, M. V. I sb jorn. We were assured that the Isbjorn was perfectly built for 'ice work.' As w e met no ice, we could not confirm this, but she was definitely built for something special, having a rounded keel, a double wooden hull, and a negligible degree of stability. · Those of us who wanted to eat regularly had often the greatest difficulty in doing so before our food was swept to the other side of the saloon ; those of us who

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did not, had the somewhat doubtful consolation of knowing that some of the crew were feeling it to the same extent.

On the morning of July 7 we anchored at the head of Ice Fjord and spent the day sorting our personal kit, fitting ski, waxing sledge-runners and purloining odd luxuries from the well-stocked larder of the Base Hut. It will be my eternal regret that I had not a greater hand in the last-mentioned good work, and I refer to it with the deepest sense of shame. The following day we left the others in the comfortable hut of the Scottish Spitsbergen Syndicate, surrounded by packing-cases and mountains of f9od, and sailed down the fjord.

Spitsbergen belongs to Norway, and has itself no native population, but there are a small number of mining settlements on the west coast working the valuable coal deposits. We called at two of these which lie near the mouth of Ice Fjord, the Norwegian settlement of Advent Bay and the Russian colony of Greenharbour.

At both places we were received very kindly, and at Greenharbour we were able to replace some equipment which had been lost on our journey. As someone observed, a Soviet Settlement in Spitsbergen is probably the only place in the world where one could be sure of buying ration-bowls and a rowing boat at 2.30 a.m. on a Sunday morning in July.

We turned northwards on reaching open water, and spent Sunday sailing in a perfectly calm sea up the coast. The air was wonderfully clear, and the land, though ten miles away, looked scarcely a mile, while in the late evening we could still see the peaks of Prince Charles Foreland, fifty miles away in the south, peeping over the horizon. We lazed on the foredeck, watching a fulmar petrel circle continuously around the ship and guillemots go flapping away from under the very prow, striking the water with their wings like seaplanes which cannot rise. We were just off the northernmost point of Prince Charles Foreland, called by Wilhelm Barents in r 596, Point des Oiseaux because of the numbers of birds there. A red-beaked puffin flew past, grotesque in comparison with the graceful terns with black tipped wings as they rested on the water. A few little auks flew in single file towards the shore without heeding us.

Although there are a few ice-free valleys in Spitsbergen, the prevailing character of the country is that of a reticular system of glaciers, which half fill the valleys and extend over the low coils to join up with neighbouring streams. On the west coast we could see a succession of glaciers coming down to the sea, but in this part of ·the country there is no true ice-cap - the sharp peaks stand out

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everywhere as nunataks above the glacier feeding-grounds. To the north-east, however, the ice thickens and approaches more nearly to true ice-cap form, and this sector of the country comprises New Friesland, 'where we were to work. It is a peninsula easily defined, 60 miles long, 25 miles broad. Wijde Bay forms its western boundary, that long, narrow fjord which cuts into the heart of the country. Hinloper Strait separates it on the east from the island of North-East Land, a country of very similar topographical character. To the north is the sea, and to the south are the mountains of South New Friesland and the wide Lomme Bay, or Veteran Glacier, which runs somewhat east of north and receives the ice flow from its southern edge. There is a record of only one journey on this ice-cap, and that was a rapid one in 1912 in relief of a German expedition, so that even its general characteristics were unknown.

Shortly after noon on Monday we landed one of the boating unit at t he north end of Wijde Bay , with a ll their goods and a couple of very leaky and decrepit boats, in which they were to make their perilous journey. We were taking the other two round to the other side to our first camp, in order that they might get some 'Trig' points on their plane-table with which to begin their survey.

They would walk the ten miles across the pen insula back to their own camp, and in the meantime the third one would spend a lonely three clays guarding their property-against whom or what, no one pretended to know. Immediately on leaving him we went to our last civilised meal for some weeks, and ate it north of the 8oth parallel before turning south again into Treurenberg Bay - the Bay of Sorrows. In front of us stretched the wide Duner Glacier, reaching up southwards until it merged into the crest which was the ice-cap. It ended on land in a steep moraine slope, a nd its surface had still the white covering of the winter snow. In the later knowledge of th e kind .of glaciers w e had to move over, it was a good high-road, and we were lucky.

That night we camped at the foot of the t erminal moraine and had crossed more than two miles of rough ground with our more immediate necessities, leaving the g reater portion of the boxes at the edge of the water where we had landed. We had with us, indeed, many more boxes than we could possibly carry, since food had to be carried for at least nine weeks without leaving any reserve. It had been decided that a party of three should leave at ·once and make a dump of food as far south as possible, somewhere above the Veteran Glacier.

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Fleming, Smith and Binny of ' B ' party set out at once on this journey, and the four of us who remained - Gatty and Benson of 'B' party, and Irvine and myself-set ourselves the task of getting the remainder of our things as far up the Duner Glacier as we could before they returned. They left on the morning of Thursday, July 13th, and at the end of that week we had finished the laborious task of bringing the boxes up to the ice. It was perfect sunny weather while we camped here, and I slept out each night except two. There was no dew and the nights were quite warm; the sun swept round the sky at almost constant height and chased a waning moon before it. In a week I became sunburnt through sleeping under the night sun. The ground was carpeted in patch es with brilliantly coloured flowers, so beautiful that we did not like to step among them and crush them-red a nd yellow saxifrage, the Arctic poppy, the yellow dryas, a pink lousewort, a ranunculus, yellow and white cruciferae, a white stellate, and bell heathers, while lichens of white, black a nd reel clung to the bould ers . And among these the tree of this Arctic land grew-the Arctic willow, no more than two inches high. There were many birds - ivory gulls, glaucous gulls, kittiwakes, skuas, eider duck nesting somewhere near; the splendidly spirited Arctic terns, which fought us as soon as we approached their eggs; and the little purple sandpiper, which limped away in front of us, feigning injury, in order to divert us from her hest.

In the evenings we sometimes carried our ski up on to the snow of the glacier and there, choosing the gentlest of slopes, had our first lessons from a member of our party who had once spent a month in the Alps. The next week we spent relaying our loads by sledge up the glacier, a distance of seven miles. The winter snow on the surface of the glacier was melting rapidly, and for most of the way the going was deep slush; but at the end of the week, when we took the third load with our tent and all our belongings, we were able to walk o~ bumpy glacier ice for most of the way, so quickly do conditions change at the ends of the glaciers.

We pitched our first camp on ice on the morning of Sunday, July 23, h aving travelled by night in order to take advantage of any lowering of temperature, and consequent hardening of surface, there might then be. This was a practice we followed several times for different reasons, but nohe of us really liked it, and we felt that even in that perpetua l sunlight there was something which made night, night-and day, day. From this camp we at once relayed a load further up the glacier, and built a cairn in the middle of the glacier opposite the camp in order that there should be no risk of

f. M. ED i'vl O N DS .

BRE A KI NG

\"JEW FROM THE ' FOR~ ll D . \BLE' GL.\ C 'ER .

Luoking t<iw;,,·d s th e Mittag-1. c tn cr Gl:i cier.

V I EW FROM THE NEv\" FR I ESLAND I CE-CAP.

S howing t he route down to the Lomme Bay Glaci er.

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the other party passing us when we were not on the look-out for them. In the meantime we cairned some hills for the surveyor and did some geology . Gatty and I spent a morning - a very early morning, from midnight until 6 a.m.- climbing the crags near our camp to photograph ivory gulls, their nests, their eggs and their young. We were under the impression-I do not know if it is true -,-that the nesting-place and young of the ivory gull are a mystery of the Arctic, so we brought back specimens.

We were at this time anxiously awaiting the return of the other party, and each time we climbed the hills on the west of the glacier we looked south towards the ice-cap for signs of them.

Ultimately we decided to move, and on Saturday, July 29, we broke camp once more. After two hours' going we saw the others coming towards us, and an hour later we joined them and pitched camp together. The next morning the reorganising of the parties took place. This chiefly consisted in dividing up the tobacco equally and in the allocatio.n of the ' extra rations ' ; and in the afternoon ' B ' party loaded their sledges and pulled out of camp.

We were not to see them again until our reunion at the Base Camp, although in the later stages of our journey we were to see signs of them having passed already the same way.

It was not long before we, too, were on the ice-cap, but instead of taking the same way as the others to the head of the glacier, we climbed its steep eastern flank and very quickly reached that part of the ice-cap called the Neve D6me Valhall. These 'domes' of ice were characteristic of the ice-ca:p. The ice made a continuous covering over the whole of New Friesland, but reflected to a certain extent the sub-surface characters of the country . Thus the main valley glaciers cut back some miles into the ice-cap, and certain east-and-west ' through-valleys ' were marked by slight depressions in the ice, so that the 'domes' probably cover the high parts of the underlying country . On the whole, the highest parts were to the south, where the ice rose to well over 3,000 feet, while our first northern camp was about 2,000 feet above sea-level. We spent the first few days of August in this camp, shut in by fog; surveying was quite impossible, and geology, after one vain search for rock, r' proved equally so. The surveying instrument which we had was a phototheodolite, a most exasperatingly beautiful invention which demands unlimited time. We had no real opportunity of showing its true worth, because we had never enough time to wait for ideal conditions for photography.

On Saturday, August 5, Smith and Irvine set out with this instrument to establish a station further north, taking with them

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two days' food. Fleming a nd I spent a long day geologizing, and just reached camp again as a big storm was approaching its height. \Ve were fortunate in having some old ski-tracks to lead us back to camp, for in the storm we could not otherwise have found it.

W e spent a miserable week-end waiting for the blizzard to blow over and wondering what had happened to the others, but with conditions as they were w e could do nothing to help them. In this way Sunday and Monday (Aug ust Bank Holiday !) p assed, and early on Tuesday morning they returned, luckily finding our old tracks in the now prevalent thick mist. They had made their way down to the coast and sheltered in a dilapidated hut, which we knew of, built in 1898 by a Swedish Expedition, and stayed there until thei r food ran out and it was obvious that surveying would b e impossible.

Throughout the week-end we had been living on a simple diet, but on the evening of their r eturn we celebrated our reunion and a birthday with what came to b e known as a 'Valhall Feast. ' Th e m en u w as : Lemon Juice Gull with Pemmican Worcester Sauce 'Valhall' Pudding (Porridge and Raisins) Crystallised Fruits and Chocolate Biscuits and Syrup Tea This feast was repeated a fortnight later with a vanat1on of 'A sgard' pudding for 'Valha ll.' The recipe differed only in boiling the oats in a thin brew of cocoa instead of water. W e had a more modified form of this feast on Sundays throughout the journey , but the 'gull' was missing, and we finished the i lb. of crystallised fruits from Fortnum & Mason's in two sittings. This may sound extravagant, but our real restraint is exemplified by the 4 oz . bottle of Worcester sauce, which lasted until the ev ening before we reached the Base Camp. Our diet - even if lacking in variety - was excellent. Th e chief lack was of a hard biscuit to chew, but Irvine went a long way towards remedying this by the invention of ' pemmican toffee,' the recipe for which _is a closelyg ua rded secret of' Maison Irvine.' When we left the ice finally we w ere a ll still perfectly fit, a nd it is difficult to think of illness in association with Spitsbergen. Indeed, probably our n earest approach to it was on the occasion when we had that rare and treasured feeling·· of having eaten too much.

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For the next fortnight we travelled south on the high ice, having eight camps in all. On those days on which we were not travelling we were geologizing and surveying, or else sitting in the tent in impossible weather. In this respect Fleming and I were luckier than the others, for w e only needed enough visibility to see our rock, while Smith needed continuous fine periods for photography and the taking of ' sun-sights.' For the geologists, camping on the high ice was not an ideal position, and it meant long excursions down the glaciers, but it was the only way in which to cover so great an area in such a little time. To avoid the risk of losing camp we played the game of 'Where the Woozle \Vasn't,' and always followed our outward tracks back to camp. This precaution was always necessary, for fogs blew up very quickly. Indeed, the only day we were completely lost was on one of the sunniest days we had. We had thought to take a short cut back from the glacier, but after much searching we could not find the tent anywhere.

Suddenly to the west we saw a huge range of mountains-those to the west of Wijde Bay-and realised how far wrong we were. It was the first time we had seen them, and we felt that this really was adventure. vVe were tempted to go across to the west at once, but the problem of finding our tent was the more imminent, so we turned to the east once more. A little later we saw it through our g lasses, a white spot in a white desert, but the only thing which made a shadow on the snow; and an hour later, after a fast ski run, we were lighting a ·primus for supper. Towards the end of our stay on the ice-cap we made a crossing to the Wijde Bay side and there geologized and attempted a survey.

When we found how stubbornly the weather refused to be good for surveying, we tried to reverse the procedure and move on the bad days, hoping that the next one would be fine enough for work. ln this way we learned the art of steering by compass, or by noticing the angle at which the snow was driving across our ski, or the way the wind struck the cheek and nose. There were days when white mist me>ged into white snow a few yards ahead, and one could not distinguish between: them. It was then quite impossible to tell whether the way was up or down, for in the soft snow which accompanied such conditions the pulling was equally hard. On such occasions one became fatigued more by boredom than by physical effort.

On other days we travelled in a white desert with a changing sky above. There was nothing to tell whether the next crest was one or five miles away, whether the climb to it was gradual or steep. It was only when one was approaching a major crest that

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qne saw the tops of the mounta ins to the south, by a trick of refraction, appearing upside down above th e horizon, and then sudd enly take their true form as they came into sight. Perpetual snow lay everywh ere , turned only into ice when it was deepJy buried beneath m ore snow; no movement, except the changing shadows of drifting clouds as they passed before the sµn, and, rarely, a sing le gull wo uld fl y silently across from east to west. Ther e was n o sound of any kind.

Although we were unlucky in the weather we experienced , it is not the fo g and wind which I recall most vividly , but those rare hot, sunny days of w hich we had three or four at the most - one on the ice-cap when we sledged in thin vests or (as one of us did) entirely devoi d of upper garments, and another day in the later stage of our journey w hen one Sunday m orning we wakened into a world silent and cloudless and warm, and felt a n urge to leave our loads and visit the unknown, so much of which we would have to leave unexplored.

On Thursday , August 24, our sojourn on the ice-cap ended, and w e reached the food dump laid in our fir st weeks. It ended, as it b egan, in three days of thick fog, so that the mountains which we ha d been approaching for the last few w eeks di sappeared from view when we were nearest them. We had supplies of food with us only to that day, but at the critical moment the fog lessened and we could disting ui sh the hill where the cairn was: The next day we dropped down into the Veteran Glacier.

Althoug h it may seem that our real work of exploring t he icecap was over, we h ad still a fortnight's journey on ice b efore us, and work on glaciers has many more complications than on the motionless ice of the 'domes .' Our route lay up the V eteran Glacier about 20 miles, across an ice divide, down the enig matical 'Vallee de Ma rtin Conway,' across the Mittag-Leffl er Glacier, down the short R agnar Glacier, and then off the ice and a five-mil e walk to the Base Hut. It took u s two days to get on to the glacier al;'.ross the many lateral moraines , which seem greater at the junc tion of tributary glaciers than elsewhere, and then for some way we could only m ake slow progress. A fresh fall of snow cover ed the bumpy glacier ice and clogged the runners of the sledges. We lightened the sledges by re-packing all our equipment, jettisoned some p araffin and all the cod liver oil, and dismantled our heavy transmitting set, saving only the most useful parts. This h elped us enormously, and we n egotiated the higher parts of the glacier very quickly, in our final day doing some t en miles and passing three succe ssive camp-sites of ' B' party.

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Across the divide we came upon a cairn with food laid by the Base Party, but it contained neither tobacco nor biscuits. As we had more than sufficient rations, we were not as enthusiastic as we might have been, and we thought it showed a lack of imagination.

However , we had a double ration of chocolate and soon got over our disappointment.

We thought at this stage that our worries were over, more or iess on the Jines that 'what the Base Party can do in a week, any fool can do in three days.' But in those three days we learned more of glaciers and their difficulties than we had learned in all the time before. A chain of events - another fog, fear of being overdue at the Base, an incomplete sketch-map at the cairn, and a failure to find the true ' Vallee de Martin Conway ' - caused us to leave the high ground -sooner than we should and thread our way into a maze of hummock-ice and crevasses. In two long days we travelled about five miles down two unnamed glaciers. We called them many names, but finally nam ed them after our sledges, Fantastique and Formidable. On the first day we learned never to Jet a sledge go unless you can see where it is going. It had not b een our practice to do so, but by a marvellous piece of cornering Fantastique swept out of sight at tremendous speed, and we found her half an hour later about 500 feet lowe r down on the very brink of an ice-fall, but upright and unharmed. It shows her perversity that this was the furthest she had ever travelled on a glacier without turning over.

On the second day we were completely beaten, and got so far as to pick up our tent and kits and leave the sledges. We made camp on the edge of the Mittag-Leffier Glacier, but many miles below the point at which we should have struck it. From where we were it looked a wicked piece of ice to cross-a veritable maze of crevasses. We went back to our sledges, picking a route for them, and found ' carriage-drives,' level portions of ice, in contrast to the prevailing hummocks, which run in long curves right down the glacier. These strips seem to overlie morainic material and so melt evenly. They were our salvation, and with the help of crampons on our feet we pulled the sledges to one of them and soon had them ' at the foot.

The next day, after a reconnaissance, we began our pull ove r the Mittag-Leffier Glacier. We had to use crampons to get a grip · on the slippery ice, and so could not stride the crevasses as easily as if w e had been wearing ski. At any rate, it is never a good plan to attempt to cross open crevasses of any width. Those on this glacier were rather peculiar, and were rather like gashes which

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grew narrower higher up and faded out. So we had to climb higher and higher in order to cross them. We were amongst them for about four hours, but eventually we topped the crest and knew that our journey was almost done. We turned and looked to the north.

There stretched Wi jde Bay. We could see almost its full length and the pale grey mountains at its northernmost end. In the northwest the sun, as it was setting behind the mountain called Citadel, made the top of it glow like a huge volcano; while to the east the snow was turned to a delicate pink. In the valley to the west we could see the waters of the bay, with Mount Pyramid on the far side of it. There at the water's edge lay the Base Camp.

We made our last camp on this spot, and the next morning began our final descent. That evening (S unday, September 10) we pitched our tent alongside that of ' B ' party in front of the Base Hut, and talked and read our mail and ate tinned fruit. Thus, prosaically, our adventure ended. But sometimes my mind goes back to that land; to imagine it as we never knew it, perpetual darkness where we knew only continual light, relentless and black where we had noticed only a beautiful indifference. There will be a bright moon now, and drifting clouds casting black shadows over the hard and glistening snciw. One day I should like to see it like that.

J. M. EDMONDS.

EPIGRAMS ON THE MODERNS. HENRY MOORE.

If you would sculpt, and not with Moore as master, As well make .all your casts of mustard plaster.

w. H. AUDEN. Dreaming when Milton's hand was in the sky, I heard the Nine N ew Muses softly curse, And murmur, 'Who's this Milton guy?

Why can't he write in Audenary verse?' *

*

*

*

Sagas and Beowolves are Weston's widow's cruse, His chronic cry is this: '0 Muse, My kingdom for a Norse ! ' A Norse ! My God ! with his poetic flair, The heavenly gift should be a Super Mare.

J.

BRADLEY.

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LETTERS OF ANDREW ALLAM TO ANTHONY WOOD. II. HE other thre.e letters from Andrew Allam to Anthony vVood which are preserved in Wood MS., F. 39 in the Bodleian Library were written in April and May, 1685, on the only occasion that Allam ever visited London. They show Allam curiously diligent on Wood's behalf, copying inscriptions from the sepulchral monuments of Oxford nonconformists buried in Bunhill Fields, or noting down the latest pamphlets that had issued from the press, all which information was to furnish Wood with useful material for his Athenae Oxonienses. So far as his other activities in London are recorded in these letters, it must be allowed that he was an assiduous auditor of sermons . We find him in the company of John Aubrey, the antiquary, and an interested spectator, too, at Westminster H all on the occasion of the Coronation of James II. \Vithin six weeks of the last of these letters Allam was attacked by small-pox , a disease which h e greatly feared, and, 'being not able to overcome its encounters, he did surrender up his spotless soul (being too worthy for this world and the people he lived with) & was wedded to his saviour Jesus Christ, on the 17th of June (about noon) in the year 1685, whereupon his body was buried the same day, late at night, at the west end of the church of S. Peter in the East in Oxon, under th e south wall.' 1 A . B. E.

T

(Christian names have been inserted within [ ] to assist identification.)

(6) From Mr Obadiah Blagrave's, Stationer at ye Black Bear in Paul's Ch: Yard April ye 20th, 1685.

Sm, I think it now high time to acquaint you how I have employed my time since my arrival at ye great and noisy Town. I doe not ~nd it so very bad a place, altho bad eno: as I expected, whoring is ye main trade. On Thursday night I was in ye fanatical burying place, 2 where I saw Mr Vavasor Powel's, Mr Edward Bagshaw's, Dor Thomas Goodwin's, wth Thankful! Owen's & Dor John Owen's ?lonuments altarwise wth ye respective inscriptions on ym : There is al~o one John Roe's, sometime Minister of Westminster (Abby, I thmk): I guess him to be ye same wth ye writer of Cor [pus] WORTHY

1 2

Anthony Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, In Bunhill Fields.

iv, 175.

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Christi. 3 I saw likewise last night ye inscription on a black marble stone w thin ye rail belonging to ye Corflunion table in St Sepulchers for D ar Bell (Wm). This of Bell's, wth yt of D ar Owen 's , & Mr R oe ' s I can, if you please, transcribe, for I conceive yo u have neither of ym a s yet. I h ave met wth a n ew piece of our Anthony Sadler's , 4 who died about 3 years since, h e writes himself therein D.D., & Chaplain E xtraordinary to K[ing] Ch[arles] 2: it is on one side of halfe a sheet, as also .another of our Oldham' s, 5 ye titles of both wch I shall transcribe at large. I find upon enquiry at Mr Small's ye printer of Dar Bate's 6 Elenchus Motuu in English, yt ye poor transla t or Mr A. Love!, M .A., did it, tho no name be thereto; h e translated a piece of Monsieur Mai mburg' s , & ye History of ye Eucha rist. D ar Nath: Hodges, M .D., Author of ye book de Peste is ye son of Tho: Hodges, D.D., Dean of Hereford , & late R ector of St Peters Cornhill before D ar Wm Beveridge . D ar Guy Carleton, Bp of Chichester, was Minister of Bucklebury, B erks, near N ewberry, about 1638 till ye breaking out of ye wars by ye gift of Sir H en: Wincomb Bnet, Grandfather to ye p resent Sir H enry . Ye BP mar ried m y Landlord's Mother's Sister. I have not ye t seen Mr Aubry . 7 I believe yt Mr L od er 8 (who giv es his service to you) & I shall be weary of ye City befor e our month is out. Mr L'Estrange' s Observator of Satur[d ay J last gives again very great offence, as al so yt he bath stopt in ye pres s a p [? J 9 or case of Dar Patrick's shewing ye necessity of having ye Scriptures translated into vulgar languages. I have h eard Dar Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Mr Pelling, Dr Dove, Sherlock, & D ar Pittis preach. Desireing t o h ear from you as to any thing yt I can serve you in here, I .am, Sir, Your very humble servant A. ALLAM

I shall remember ye Catalog ues . Pray, Sir, my services to Mr

Proctor Edwards.

On the back '-These for Mr Anthony a W ood .att his lodgings over against Merton College Gate, Oxford.

[f.4 1 ]

(7)

WoRTIIY Sm, I thank you heartily for your letter, wch I r eceived by ye conveyance of Mr Harriso n, yt wch accompany this was writ on Munday, but b eing hurried about, as all admiring novices usually .are, I lost still ye opportunitys of dispatching it to Oxf [ ord J. I hea rd just now

by M r [Thomas ] Cary of St Mary Hall yt Mr [Samuel] Eyre of Lincoln is pitch' d on t o b e Rector of Lincoln. 1 0 My landlord hath in 3 John Rowe was a Preacher of Westminster Abbey, 1654-60.

Ath. Oxon., iii, II 28.

4 Matric. St. Edm. Hall, 1627/ 8.

5 Matric. St. Edm. Hall, 1670.

6 Matric. St. Edm. Hall , 1626.

See Wood,

John Aubrey, the antiquary.

Francis Loder, matric. St. Edm. Hall , 1670.

A tear in the paper due to the breaking of the sealing wax with which the letter was sealed has cut into this wo rd.

1 0 This report proved wrong : Fitzhet'bert Adams was elected Rector on May 2.

7

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his shop yt piece of Mr [Stephen] Charnock's, wch you have so long desired to see, if you think fit ile transcribe from ye preface wt relates to his life. Abundance of little whifling Pamphlets dayly fly from ye press. My fellow traveller (w ho gives his service to you) & I are almost weary of this tumultous & noisy Town. I design to call on Mr [John] Aubry sometim e next week. I g·ave Ss for a place yesterday to see ye proceeding at ye Coronation [of King James II ] from W estminster Hall to ye Abby, & thence to ye Hall again to dinner, ye sight was very splendid & great. The Bops of London and Winchester were supporters to ye Queen. I have seen a sermon of Mr [Thomas J W olnoug h' s of Gloucester, ye title of wch I shall take. Desireing yt you wo uld comand me in any thing, w herein I can any ways serve you h ere , I rema in, Honour'd Sir, Your very humble servant, A. ALLAM London, April 24th, 1685.

I hear nothing here of what you relate concerning Dor [John] Tillotson's 2 late pieces agst Popery. The great firewor k s prepared for ye Coron ation are not till too night.

(8) London, May 5th, 1685.

Srn, Your last of ye 27 of April was extrem ely welcome to m e , for which I r eturn yo u my sincerest thanks, - what concerns Mr [ Stephen ] Charnock I have transcribed from ye preface I mentioned. Yesterday in ye afternoon Mr [Francis] Loder & I walked to ye fanatical burial place, I have ta k en transcripts of Mr R oe's (John) , Dr John Owen's , & Mr Thank Owen's Epitaphs. Mr [John ] A. ubry shew ' d us Gresham Col [l ege] Library & Repository Thursday las t: too-morrow mornin g h e hath promised to call on m e to look after Dr Sampson Price's obit at Christ Ch: at wt time I d esign to goe to St Sepulchers Ch:. Since my last I have h eard one [Thomas] Fettiplace lately of our St Johns preach at Grays Inn, one Dr [Ezekiel ] Web Chaplain to ye D. of Ormond at Lincoln s Inn, Dr [Anthony] Hornock at Black F ryar s (at wch place h e co'ns tantly preaches every afternoon), Mr [J ohn] VVeeks 11 o.f Cor [pu s] Ch [ ri sti J this day seavennig ht, & Dr fW illia m J Ash eton this morning at St La urence' s for Dor John J T illotson. I have procured 2 of D r [William J Hawkin ' s Auction Catalogues, there is another of one Dr Ambrose ] Atfield's etc. mentioned in this da ys Gazett, you m ay secure 2 of ym at Anthony Steph ens' s. I hear yt D r [William] J ane is to preach ye sermon before ye Convocation of ye Clergy .

My countrym an Mr John Hartcliffe Chief Master of Merchant T aylors School is ye true Author of ye late Discourse of Purgatory, comonly father'd on Dr [John J Tillotson, agst a passage whe reof in ye close Sir Roger L' estrange made some excepti ons under ye ?oti<;>n of it being injurious to ye civil Government. As you may see ~n his_ Obser[vator] of Saturday, & Munday sennight last. T her e is a piece of our Dr f E dward] Ch ambe rlayn e's 12 n ow in ye press , wch w ill be a bout 6 sheets, titled, England's Wants, makeing some W O RTH Y

r

r

11

12

John Wickes, vicar of Shoreditch St. Leonard.

Matric. St. Edm. Hall 1634.

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seasonable application & proposals to ye approaching Parliament.

A piece of Mr Richard J Baxter's in oct [ avo J .agst Popery chiefly was published this morning, & a vindication of ye late doughty Writer his Grace ye D[uke] of B[uckingham's] disco urse, & Letter touching Toleration & Liberty of Conscience came out yesterday .

W e doe not yet hear who is elected Rector of Lincoln , or how Dr [William J Turner's, & Dr [B arnabas] Long' s prefe rments are disposed of. I guess yt we may come home Munday n ext, if before yt time your leisure can afford a line or two, twil very much oblige, Sir, your very humble servant,

r

AND. ALLAM.

I hear yt Bop Lamplugh is now with Dr [Timothy] Halton. Mr [John] Aubry & Mr [Francis ] Loder give their services to yo u. I saw Mr [William] Bishop 13 at Sam's Coffee house just now, he saith yt he shall be for Oxf[ ord] Saturday next. [Henry J Cruttenden is in Town. 14 I had on Wednesday last above an hours discourse with ye worthy Esq. Bohun a Justice of Peace in Suffolk, Author of ye Address to ye Freemen, & Freeholders in 3 parts , etc. 1 5

THE OXFORD DISTRICT IN THE EARLY IRON AGE

U

NTIL quite recently the material for a study of the Celtic inhabitants of the Oxford district in pre-Roman times was so slight and incomplete that archaeologists were reluctant to pass more than the most general opinions ori the subject. In the last few years, however, excavations carried out on several sites, in most cases by members of the University Archaeological Society, under the direction of Mr. E.T. Leeds, have increased that material to such an exten t as to make possible the prcsenation of a picture no longer drawn in outline, but enriched by many details.

Although it is generally assumed that Celtic-speaking· people had begun to enter Britain during the latter part of the preceding· Bronze Age, it will be most convenient for our purpose to deal only with that phase of culture known as the Early Iron Age. This phase of culture, which was in progress when the Romans began to occupy the country, may certainly be attributed to the main wave of 'Celtic' invaders. We may start with the statement of Ptolemy that in Roman times Corinium , the modern Cirencester, lay in the territory of the Dobuni , which had becom e a unit in the local government of the province; beyond this the literary evidence does not go. Numismatics, however, extends our knowledge a little further. Certain 'types of that :,:iinage which cumulative evidence 13 14 15

Fellow of Balliol.

An Oxford printer.

For Edmund Bahun, see the article on him in D.N.B.

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leads us to believe with every confidence to have been struck in Britain for rather more than a century before the Roman occupation have been found almost exclusively in the region of the Cotswolds or a little south of it. Some of these types bear the inscription ' Boduoc,' others that of' Vocorioad.' It was natural to identify the first inscription with the tribal name of the Dobuni, and to extract Corio (Corinium) from the second. But the interchange of the first two consonants in Boduoc, and the fact that no other British coins appear to bear the name of a tribe, has led most numismatists to suppose that the name here is that of a chieftain. However that may be, the distribution of these coins undoubtedly suggests that a tribal boundary ran along the eastern side of the Cherwell and Thames valleys as far as the Goring Gap, and that this boundary, at least in the northern part of its course, marked the easternmost extension of Dobunian influence.

The coins, however, do not take us back much earlier than Julius Caesar in any part of Britain, and in the Cotswold country probably not so far as that . Can pure archaeology push the horizon back a little further?

No serious archaeologist to-day, before embarking upon field work, would fail to ask himself the question: 'What was the aspect of the country when the folk I wish to study inhabited it?' The influence that the geographical environment exercised upon early man in his choice of routes and sites for habitation is well illustrated by a study of the Oxford neighbourhood. A geologist would tell us that the region in question is not unlike a sandwich, since between the parallel limestone and chalk systems of the Cotswolds and the range of the Chilterns and Berkshire Downs lie a variety of stiff and heavy clays, through which the Thames has cut its bed from Lechlade to the Goring Gap. The soils of the hills are, as a rule, light and porous, while those of the valley are heavy and damp. There can be little doubt that, in consequence, the Thames Valley in a natural state was covered with a dense forest of oak, whereas the uplands sloping down to it, if not actually open ground, were covered by a far more penetrable tree-land. Even with allowance for the ravages of more intense agriculture, the lowlands are far poorer in the remains of prehistoric man than are the uplands in our district. With this may be compared the great concentration of similar remains, for example, on the chalk uplands of Wiltshire and Dorset. But it must be emphasised that the deciding factor is not height, or even necessarily forestation. Early man desired, above all, dry ground for his settlements, which might otherwise become waterlogged in winter; moreover he had noticed that his 0

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sheep came to bad ends in the lowland glades, whether from strange rotting diseases or frcm the onslaught of wolves. Finally, the thin and light soils of the uplands, nowadays despised for corn growing, actually yielded the best results to primitive methods of agriculture.

But the uplands are not the only parts of the Oxford district which support dry and porous soils. Overlying the Oxford clay itself, at many points near the River Thames, are patches of gravel, some of which are quite large. These, like the limestone and chalk uplands, provide well drained areas with the special advantage of an abundant water supply at no great depth and an additional source of food in the river close by. We must distinguish, therefore, two areas where concentrations of settlers might be expected -one on. the hills, connected with the outer world by routes using the corridors of high and dry land which run to Somerset or the Salisbury Plain, to Norfolk or the Yorkshire Wolds; the other low down in the valley, with the communications based partly on the river, but approached from the overland routes where, between Dorchester and Wallingford, the gravel patches on either bank of the Thames stretch towards the foothills of the chalk, and a ridge runs from Boars Hill by Faringdon to the Marlborough Downs.

So far we might have sat in our armchairs. Now we must put the maps in our pockets and mount our bicycles.

A number of the earthworks, marked ' British Camp ' on Ordnance Survey maps, are familiar landmarks on the chalk and limestone hills near Oxford. Few can have failed to notice the bulwarks on one of the isolated pair of hills seen on the train journey between Radley and Didcot. Few of the other camps are as imposing or as well preserved as that on the Wittenham Clumps; all take the form of a roughly circular, or at any rate curvilinear, em Iosure, defended by one, two or even three lines of rampart and ditch. The commanding situation of the majority of these works has created the impression that they are as a class military in character-the British counterpart of the Roman , ' camp.' We must, however, regard them rather as fortified villages, which no doubt held a much larger population during times of unrest, when the inhabitants of unfortified homesteads in the neighbourhood took refuge in them. There could be no better proof of this than the position of camps like Cherbury, off the Faringdon road near Charney Basset, and Salmonsbury, near Bourton-on-the-Water. Both occupy low-lying ground, overlooked by hills and ~)J rrounded on most sides by brooks and marshy land. The sole purpose of these fortifications must have been the protection of their inhabitants: they could not have had any strategic value.

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In other parts of England there are camps the interior of which can be seen to be covered with round depressions-all that is left of the dwellings of a settled population; excavation at Salmons bury and at Chastleton Camp, near Chipping Norton, have shown that here too was permanent occupation; but none of the other camps in our district has ever been dug in a scientific manner. The excavations just referred to, however, made it plain that occupation at both camps began during the Early Iron Age", and lasted at Salmonsbury down to Roman times: indeed, no camps of the type we have been dealing with go back to an earlier period.

On the Thames-side gravel patches, hovvever, we shall search in vain for above-ground traces of Early Iron Age man.

It is here that air photography has in the last ten years revolutionised our methods. Archaeologists who served as airm en during the War found the transition easy from the air-survey of enemy trenches to that of long obliterated drainage, boundary and ceremonial ditches. It had long been known that crops grow more rankly where the filling of such ditches afford richer nourishment, but it was now for the first time possible to obtain a bird's eye view of the markings and compile an accurate plan of them from photographs. One consequence of this has been to make plain what was inadequately realised before, how large a population was supported by the riverside gravel patches during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. A series of air-photographs taken recently by Major G. W. G. Allen reveals literally scores of circular ditches-known by excavation to surround huts or buri als (or both) which can be assigned to the Bronze Age-on almost all of the larger gravel patches, but especially those in the neighbourhood of Stanton Harcourt, Eynsham, Cassington, Dorchester and North Stoke. More relevant to our subject are the extraordinary systems of w riggling lines, interspersed with dots, which in hearly every case accompany, and sometimes even overlie, the circles. Repeated excavations have taught us to attribute these to people in an Early Iron Age stage of culture.

The impecunious archaeologist has cause to be grateful that gravel-digging should be such a flourishing industry in the Oxford neighbourhood. He has only to keep his eye on the gravel pits near the spots to which air-photographs have already drawn his attention, taking care to make friends with the owners and foremen, and he is assured of a constant stream of postcards and telephone calls warning him that bones and potsherds have begun to tumble from the face of the workings. The gravel digger is pleased, because he will have some of his top soil removed gratis ; the

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archaeologist is pleased, because he is spared negotiations with canny farmers who demand compensation and much unproductive digging of trial trenches. He has to compose himself to resignation when he learns too late that complete cemeteries have been shovelled away by workmen who thought they would get into trouble if they informed authority, but wished nevertheless to cart their daily hundred tons. In this way settlements have been partially explored at Bampton, Standlake and Yarnton long ago, and more recently at Cassington and Radley. On the other hand, excavations carried out near Dorchester last summer by members of the University Archaeological Society were guided throughout by markings in grass, the key to which had been provided by airphotographs.

Something must now be said as to the meaning of these lines and dots, in so far as it has been revealed by excavation. Briefly, the lines mark ditches which surrounded enclosures, or provided drainage channels, in small settlements or homesteads of a ' Celtic ' type; the dots mark pits, dug into the gravel subsoil, which were connected in some way with dwellings. It is doubtful whether most of the enclosure ditches were backed by ramparts: probably in most cases there was a palisade instead. During the excavations referred to above a decided nick was noticed running along the top of one slope of a ditch cut into the .gravel subsoil, which no doubt marked the foundation of a palisade. Elsewhere holes were found dug into the gravel near ditches: these possibly received the main uprights of a horizontal breastwork of wattle and daub. The narrow V-shaped section of many of the ditches themselves suggests that they were palisade trenches; running down the centre of one of them was found a trail of daub fragments Dearing wattle impressions. The pits prove as a rule to be circular, some five or six feet in diameter, and reaching a depth of three or four feet below the present surface level. When the gravel is cleared for some distance back round the pits two or three small holes are sometimes found dug into the gravel near their edges. These are so arranged, and are such a regular feature of pits, not only in the present village, but in others which have undergone careful examination in various parts of England, that it is hard to avoid the conclusion that they received the uprights of frail wattle and daub huts, which have naturally left no other trace, except fragments of daub and carboni (ed matter left in the pits themselves when the huts collapsed through decay or burning. The pits, however, present a problem. Diel the huts follow their outline and form little more than roofs to cover ' funk holes ' into which' the natives

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crept for the shelter in winter from cold winds which mere wicker walls could not have afforded them? Or were the superstructures somewhat larger, and the pits store chambers as well as dwelling rooms? But, after all, the two purposes are not mutually exclusive.

Unfortunately it has so far not been possible to skin the gravel over a sufficiently wide area in any settlement to work out the relations of post holes to pits in adequate detail, and, of course, only some of the original foundations can now be identified. However, it has become likely that some at least of the houses were more than mere roofs over circular holes, and that many of the pits, though so roofed, were store chambers of the sort described in the Germania. of Tacitus rather than dwellings. Certainly, if we deny that the pits have any connection with houses whatsoever, it is hard to produce anything to take their place at Dorchester or anywhere else .

The manner in which the pits are scattered about the enclosures, in no apparent order, will recall the homsteads of mountainous western and northern Britain, where dry stone walls take the place of ditches, and stone ' hut-circles ' the place of pits. A plan of one at Ewe Close, in Westmoreland, may be seen in the new edition of Mr. R. G. Collingwood's R oman Britain. The enclosures were evidently designed to protect the flocks and herds which formed such an important article of food for the natives. The confusion of the lines on many of the air-photographs is due to the fact that we are actually gazing on the traces of several periods, one superimposed above the other: for th~ ditches would fill up through silting and the accumulation of the rubbish which archaeologists find in them, and a new enclosure might be constructed in a somewhat different position. Most of the settlements known to us by airphotography or excavation in the neighbourhood of Oxford seem to belong to the homestead type, with occasional pits scattered over elaborate enclosures : it was settlements like these that Caesar found at every turn in Kent. Sometimes, however, the pits are much more numerous and grouped closely together to. form what must have been large villages. Here ditches do not enclose the pits, but run among them, perhaps for drainage purposes. The only settlement of this type to have been explored in our district was that near Standlake, but another has been photographed recently from the air close to Stanton Harcourt. The excavators of Standla ke d eserved credit, if for nothing else , fo·r constructing a model of their village in sand, of which a photograph is here reproduced.

The gravel, we have seen, facilitated the digging of pits and ditches by providing a dry and easily moved subsoil. That different

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methods h ad to be followed when the subsoil was less tractable is shown by a cont rast of the interior arrangements of the two camps which have been excavated in the Oxford district. Salmonsbury, lying on a gravel patch, contained pits and di tches similar to those of the riverside villages described a lready : Chastleton, on a Cotswold ridge, w ith hard oolite immediately beneat.h the to p- soil, yielded no such remains. Instead, traces of occupation lay scattered over the original surface , and open hearths were fou nd at the same level , with post-holes n ear them to indicate the former presence of huts standing over them.

Vve can now pass to an examination of the small object s obtained by excavation with a view t o ascertaining, as far as possible, the mode of life and the history of the people who inhabited these two kinds of settlements . Caesar, we know, was told that the inha bitant s of the remoter parts of Britain led a pastoral life and clothed themselves with skins. There can be little doubt fro m the vast quantities of bones of sheep , pigs, horses and oxen which are fo und in the ditches of Iron Age settlemen ts that the people were still to a very large extent pastoral. But the discovery of stone rubbers and querns for g1:inding corn , encrustations of organic matter on the interior of some pottery vessels (porridge!), and even , in one case , a quantity of parched corn preserved in exceptional circumstances, prove that cereals were cultivated . The bone comb s fo und at Radley and Chastleton are so formed that they were most probably u sed for drawing together the threads of the woof on looms, further evidence of which is presented by fragm ents of loom-weights and spindle-whorl s, and the m etal brooches which have been foun d, u sually in isolation, bu t once in a pit at Radley , point to what is by no means the earliest stage in the evolution of dress. The information of Caesar applies m uch more accurately to the inhabitants of the remote North and West, and not to all of these.

F inds of any kind of m etal object in the settlements have been r are , but thi s mu st be d ue partly to the rapid destruction of iron by rust, as well as to the poverty of the inhabitants in decorative objects of bronze or gold. But the iron sickle from Standlake will bear out what has been said as to their agricul tural pursuits , and , with swords and spear-heads from the Thames, h elp to fill up the gap.

A dagger-sheath from the river near Oxford provides the m ost striking local example of the fine decorative art which was flourishing- in Britain at the tim e ;f t he Roman conquest : rou ndels with triscele or related decoration have come from Wood E ato n a nd

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Standlake. But by far the most common typ e of find in the pits a nd ditch es of the settlem ents is the pottery , ha nd-ma de and varying widely in qua lity, which is also p ractically the sole evidence w e h ave for t he c hronology of these sites. Among these a re frag men ts of very large jars , which must have served fo r storage : there ca n be no doubt that grain was one of the commodities stored ; perhaps the ba rley-wine m entioned by D iodorus was a nother. Thu s it wa s mad e possible for Caesar to demand and get quickly fro m the conquered British tribes enoug h corn t o feed his w hole a rmy for some leng th of t ime. But th e importa nce of the pot sherds , a s h as been said , is a bove all c hronological and historical. We are dependent on them a lmost ent irely for such general conclusions as we can form at present as to the orig in of th e settlers, the date at which they arrived and the vicissitudes throug h w h ich the settlem ents passed dow n to th e R oman conques t. It is som ewhat par adoxical tha t, although the last phase of culture b efor e the Romaniza tion of Brita in is known as the E a rly Iron Age, find s of iron obj ects att ributable to this period are relatively so rare , for a reason already g iven, that it h as not generally been possible to work out the phases of their typological developmen t , as it was in the case of bronze objects during the Bronze Ag e. In stead, our dating and knowledge of the movem ents of people in B ritain depends a bove all upon the relation of types of British pottery ves sels to those on the continent. Many arch aeologists have fancied that a similar r elation in the case of bro nze brooches has valu e for chronology ; but for a r eason that will soon b ecom e obvious, it is very dangerous to b ase any a rg um en t upon them.

In W est ern Europe it h as b een possible , in t urn, to date approx imat ely finds of Iro n Ag e pottery a t different stages of d evelopm ent in style by the discovery with it, especially in g raves, of obj ects imported from the cla ssical world, the ma nufacture of w hich can often b e dated w ithin a few d ecad es. It must b e a dmitted th a t this m eth od of r elat ion h a s to be used most judiciously, fo r imported objects of fin e art are of course likely to become heirloom s and r ema in in use for a long time af ter their original importa tion.

N evertheles s continental students h ave for some tim e been accustomed to attr ibute the I ron Age obj ect s from their localities to one or other of a series of phases , demarcated b y the d evelopment of types and know n a s E a rly and Late H allstatt and la Tene I, II and III. O f the two main d ivision s , H allstatt a nd la T ene , th e latter. b egins when motives fr om cla ssical ar t comm enc e t o be taken over on a large scale by the native a rt of C entral and W estern E urope.

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It should always be borne in mind that these divisions are cultural rather than chronological. The v a rious cultures took time to spread e ither by contact or by racial movement from their source to the more remote parts, and we must expect to find odd corners where, for example, a Hallstatt or even a Late Bronze Age culture survived after a la Tene phase had begun elsewh ere , or where a la Tene phase supervened on a Late Bronze Age one without any intermediate stage except, of course, one of transition. In these c ultural backwaters - frequently mountainous and inaccessible regions, like the Highlands of Scotland - one must indeed expect long transitional phases, because culture has many elements, some more transmissible than others. A primitive community might, for example, import luxuries like brooches , but would certainly manufacture its own potter y vessels. Consequently w e expect to find, and do find, Iron Age communities in Britain u sing la T ene brooches but Hallstatt pottery. But when we find a quite new type of potte ry appearing in considerable quantities on any site, w e have a right to infer the arrival of new poople.

As a result of these complications it has not so far been possible to work out a complete parallelism between the phases of Iron Age culture as a whole in Britain and the continental phases enum erated above. Instead, it has been usual to distinguish three cultures, Iron Age 'A,' 'B' and 'C,' on a basis which is geographical as much as it is chronological, each of them owing its arrival in Britain to an immigration. The first immigration seems to have spread over a long tim e, but was probably completed by the opening of the third century B.c. ; it was carried out by people on the whole in a late stage of Hallstatt culture, who came mostly from the lower Rhine valley and north-eastern France, and expanded over England from the south and south-east. At a much later date cultures ' B ' and ' C ' spread from the opposite corners of England : the former from the south-west, where it had been brought by settlers from the Atlantic coast of France and Spain, the latter from the south-east, barely a generation before the expedition of Caesar, a s a result of the migrations of Belgic tribes from northeastern France. Iron Age ' B' culture spread up the limestone corridor into central England, and reached its culmination at such famous sites as the Glastonbury lake village and the 'oppidum' of Hunsbury above Northampton: its decorative art reaches a high pitc h of beauty. The Belgic tribes reduced under their sway much of the area _in which an Iron Age 'A' culture had hitherto held out solidly against the expansion of Iron Age 'B,' modifying its forms under external influence but not basically changing them.

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Our speci al problem is : What was the relation of the Oxford district to th ese immigrations? It may be said at once that all excavations so far have emphasised the fact that the dominan t culture throughout was that of Iron Age 'A.' Traces of 'B ' and ' C' a r e slight in the local settlem ents . Iron Age 'B' proper, expanding up the lim estone corrid or , certainly did influence the settlements m ents north of t he Thames and west of t he Cherwell, a nd a vase of a distinct ive Glastonbury type was found d uring the excavation s a t Dorchester : but it was clear from the sherds that occurred along with this vessel that it was exotic, and probably an import. But there is reason to suspect tha t what has been regarded as typical of Iron Age ' B' is really a very late and specialized development in favoured localities : the coarse pottery from Cassington, a late si te, has much in common w ith the coarse wa re from sites further wes t or north-west in the Cotswold country, whereas there seems to be a certain difference between it and the later pottery from the Dorchester settlement explored last summer : at the latte r site, however, and one near it being explored at present, frag ments of pottery imported from the Roman province of Gallia Belgica before the conquest of Britain have b een found mingled with locally made sh erds near the tops of ditches . One ditch provided an excellent object-lesson in the chronology of local pottery types. Immediately below the ' Belg ic' sherds, w ith no separating barren layer , sherds began to occur of an Iron Age ' A,' and even of a Hall statt character. It becom es obvious at once how d a ngerous it is to d ate Iron Age pottery in Britain acco rd ing to continental typology, without reference to local conditions. Whatever the political relations of t he communities in this district may have b een, they always remained conservative and backward. Th ey present an Iron Age 'A' c ulture which seldom appears in a fr esh a nd early form, being slowly modified but never wholly replaced . That is, there was no great influx of population into the settlem ents after the first invasion, and that invasion should not b e placed as early as the earliest settlement of the Eng lish coastal regions by the Iron Age p eople : it would be rash indeed to place it earlier than the close of the fifth century B.C:.

The invasion, it now seems probable, came from north-eastern France by the Thames, and was carried out by people in a transitional phase of culture bet ween that of H a llstatt and la T ene I. Thereafter the settlements in the Upper Thames valley vegetated : those west of the Cherwell seem to have undergone influ ence from the West, and eventually to have formed part of what may have b een merely a loose federation of com munities, the Dobuni.

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\Vheth er or no the settlements east of the Thames had come under Cat uvellaunian dominion before the R oman conquest is still a matter for controversy : the recent finds of- ' Belgic' pottery at one or two points in Oxfordshire, and even as far west as Sa lmons bury, and Gloucester, s hou ld probably b e a tt ributed to earl y RomanoBritish occupation.

The relation of these settlements to any tribal unity raises the question of political organisation. That, of course, is not a question lightly answered . But it may be suggested that it is by no means certain that a fully developed tribal system ev er existed in Brita in outside the south-eastern part of it. The Belgic tribes seem to h ave introduced a more centralized tribal unit, w hich dispensed with many of the hill-forts which had hitherto been occupied , and relied upon a few ' oppida ' of the type described by Caesar for refuge in times of unrest : elsewher e in Britain, dow n to the Roman occupation, the real unit may have been much smaller, and have resembled much more closely that which the Romans encountered in Spain. There the Romans made no attempt to organize local government according to the tribe, as th ey did in Gaul. Instead, we find inscriptions referring, for example, to 'the twenty-three communities of the Vascones and Vardulli' a s a uit of government . H ence tribal names could exist, but for loose confederations of small communities which were th e real centres of organisation.

These s mall communities, it appears, were in fact hill forts ' castella '-over a larger or smaller number of which a chieftain mig ht rule accordingly as his prestige waxed or waned . ' Tribes ' like th e Dobun i or the Brigantes may have b een in a more or less adva nced stage of tran sition from this phase to that represented by the Belgic tribes of Britain. Certainly an explanation is needed of the insignificant pa rt played by tribal ' civitates' of Roman Britain compared with the Gallic ' civitat es ' on w hich they were m odelled.

In the Oxford di strict, then, it may be that each hill fort had a community centred on it, which normally lived scattered in homesteads in the valley b elow : thus the numerous settlements known to exist in th e neighbourhood of Dorchester a nd Long Wittenham may have stood in this relation towards the g-reat fort on Sinodun Hill. \Ve have en ded on a note of surmise : it is to b e hoped tha t enough work will be done in the future to enable some of the difficulties that have troubled us to be removed, or at any rate lessened.

H. N.

SAVORY.

REED

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F C'Pding Y oung.

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:\ [l ; I-IT! :\G. \ LE .\:\I> \'Ol.' :\G. !l:iglvy \\'oud.

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GEESE IN NOVEMBER Flying between Night's' eyes The geese swung swifty, Chaining their pale, quick cries Across the steel-cheeked, sleeping lake.

Link on clear-calling link Fell sharply to where The willows crisped up their gnarled Old fingers through the groping mist.

And, climbing behind the hill, the moon rose White, Like a thin-lipped bride : Then softened to the sound.

J.

BRADLEY.

BIRD PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE SUMMER TERM XF ORD in the Summer Term is a pleasant place, but there are too many things to be done. The River has its many attractions, and other institutions have their claims, but when the former can be resisted and the latter avoided, the district round Oxford will be found a good one for bird study and photography.

Even when the only transport available is the humble bicycle, many types of country are within reach. The accompanying pictures show birds· typical of three different regions.

The Nightingale is by no means rare about Oxford. It may be heard regularly in many woods and copses within five miles of Carfax. The particular pair which we filmed and photographed this year were nesting in Bagley Wood. They were not very obliging.

Neither of the parents felt happy about feeding their chicks when the 'hide' was nine feet away. The Reed Warblers, on the other hand, were ridiculously unconcerned. The female fed and brooded her two minute offspring c/uite contentedly, while I stood beside my 'hide' of old sacks only three feet away. The nest was a few yards from the Thames just above Godstow Lock. · The Lapwing breeds in good numbers both in the low-lying meadows around the streams and on the higher ground about Oxford. It is always quite easy to locate a good sitter. Perhaps my chief difficulty with the one portrayed here was her tameness. Oilce

O

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she had returned and settled down it was almost impossible to make her move.

In fairness to those who may engage in this form of bird study it must be added that it has its disappoi n tments. M ention could be made of the cow that sat on the R edshank's nest, of the many young birds that flew too soon, of the d epredations of small boys, rats, a nd weasels.

G. S. CANSDALE.

ON A NORTH SEA TRAWLER [Photographs taken by T. P. Hamerton.]

;\T 4. 15 a.m., August 21st last, T. P. H am erton and I were trundled thro ugh the streets of London in a taxi. Seven hours later we were slowly riding out of Lowestoft in t he trawler ' Kestrel.' As h er large brown mainsail was hoisted , it revealed her number to b e LT 1097. She was a small sailing craft of 80 tons (half of which was in iron ballast), measuring 70 feet long, with a mainmast of a bout 70 feet and a mizzen of about 45 feet in heig ht.

Even in the gentle swell of the harbour mouth she rolled slightly.

W e did not notice this at first, being too busy taking photographs of the receding h a rbour and waving back lustily to those wellwishers who stood at the pierhead. Soon we were well out of the harbour and picking our course through the buoyed fairway between the sandbanks up the Norfolk Coast. The Skipper was very chatty. We tried to take an in telligent interest in what h e was saying. It was m y first voyage, and I must admit that my interest in the Pakefield Cliffs, Great Yarmouth, and the Norfolk Coast soon began to wane. It was blowing a bit, which was the cause of all the trouble. After five hours' rough sailing we were both sound asleep in the stern; and from that moment onwards during the next twenty-four hours we both lost interest in ships, sea, fish ermen and all else. But at the end of that time the wind had subsided a g ood d eal, and we fo und ourselves able to walk up and down the deck in a moderately steady manner.

The following morning saw us all in fin e fe ttle. The sea was calm: the crew had ceased to banter us. We both put down a good breakfast : I pride myself on the fact that I alone retained it.

Fishing had started, and all that morning the trawl was down.

Around us we could see two or three craft similar to ·our own, and one or two motor smacks. On the command ' Down trawl,' wind and tide being favoura1fle, with the aid of a steam capstan the trawl, which was slung a long the bulwark of the boat, was lowered

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and dragged along the sea bed for about five or six hours. On the command' Up trawl,' again with the aid of the steam capstan, the whole apparatus was hauled up. The net was pulled in by hand, and the' cod end' with catch, if any, was hauled in last on a tackle.

Each member of the crew, four men and their skipper, had their appointed jobs in these processes.

A catch was always interesting. Sometimes there would be a great deal of seaweed and few fish, or much mud and debris ; sometimes a great variety of fish which, when the bottom of the ' cod end' was unfastened, fell with a comforting splosh to the deck.

Sole, Plaice, Whiting, Dabs, Dogfish, Skate, Cod, Starfish, Crabs and Lobsters were all represented. Anything under nine inches was thrown back or kept for our own consumption.

The crew consisted of the Cook, twenty-two years of age with two years' experience of his job; the Deck Hand, a quiet fellow of twenty-six; the Third Hand, an old salt of fifty; the Mate; and the Skipper, another old salt. They did all they could to give us a good time. They rigged us up hammocks of fish nets in the foc'stle to sleep in; they beat us fairly consistently at draughts; and watched with amusement our bathes and our efforts at tubbing in the dinghy.

On one occasion we boarded a motor smack, on which we discovered a boy frorri Bedford School travelling alone, and finding it very dull and excessively dirty. In fact, on inspection the only clean space on the vessel was the engine-room, where reposed a large twin-cylinder German Diesel engine, the use of which was fully justified when we glanced into the fish hold, there to see stacked high rows of gigantic fish. Fish or no fish, sailing craft are better.

The real thrill of the whole trip was on the Sunday evening near the end, when the trawl was caught up in a wreck, for wrecks abound in that part. At the time we were all below except the Third Hand. Hamerton was trying to convince the Skipper that the Navy was not such a bad thing after all, that National Savings Certificates were a fairly good thing, and that not every politician was a complete and utter scoundrel. Arguments came to a sudden end when the boat was jerked to a standstill and swung round to the wind. It was dark, and with the aid of flares and acetylene lamps operations for ri::covering or losing the whole apparatus were soon set on foot. To add to the thrill we were crossing a steam er route,so that we had to keep an eye on the innumerable cargo boats which seemed desirous of running us down. The trawl was duly recovered, but what a mess ! The beam was broken in

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half, the net was in shreds; we were all very amazed to see the catch come up, having slipped out of the torn ' cod end' into an unbroken piece of netting- a reward for our trouble. It took eight hours' solid work to repair the nets, with an interval between midnight and dawn. I admire those m en for their amazing pa tience, and th e good spirit with w hich they looked upon this had luck.

They asked us to picture what it was like doing such a job as this in a midwinter gale- a difficult thing to imagine.

After a week at sea we turned back to Lowestoft. It was just dark when w e came in sight of the town, with its brightly illurpinated pier and promenade . Seen from a mile out at sea it was an enchanting sight. Needless to say, prior to entering the harbour we had all washed (for the first tim e), changed our clothes (also for the first time), and generally smartened ourselves up, and the ship too. We entered the ha rbour-mouth, and again there were assembled crowds to greet us on our return. And so under our own way we threaded our passage through various basi ns until we r each ed our berth, there to bid farewell and go to seek a bed for the night.

J. H. HODSON.

REVIEWS. Under this headinig there a.r e noticed or reviewed recently publish ed books or articles that possess a special Aularian int erest due t o their authorship or to their contents. We shall be glad to have such books and articles brought to our notice.

AuTEURS SPIRITUELS ET TEXTES DE:voTs DU MovEN AGE LATIN.

By Dom A. Wilmart, 0 . S. B. 8vo, pp. 626. P a ris, Librairie Bloud et Gay, 1932.

In one of the learned studies of which this volume is composed Dom Wilmart discusses the origin of the prayer 0 intemerata, which in the Middle Ages was among the most popular of extraliturgical prayers addressed to Our Lady and St. John. Its a uthorship h as been ascribed to St. Anselm of Canterbury and to St. Edmund of Abingdon. Dom Wilma.rt fully proves that n either of th ese cla ims can be s usta ined. The ascription to St. Edmund rests on a passage in the Veriloquium et Breviloquium of Robert Bacon, an early a nd distinguished m ember of the D ominican convent in Oxford, a close friend of St. Edmund, which is contain ed in the Life of St. Edmund, that was written, as there is good reason to b elieve, by Matthew Paris (s ee W. Wallace, Life of St . Edmund of Canterbury, pp. 562 -3). Robert Bacon, on the authority of a

!\ STER N.

'COO-E ND ' WITH CAT C H .

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certain Master J ohn de Witz, who claimed to have heard the story from St. Edmund himself, recounts that 'one day St. Edmund, when he was a regent master, being preoccupied with study, forgot to recite a prayer to the blessed V irgin and to the blessed St. John which h e was in the h abi t of saying every day. The following night the blessed John a ppeared to him bearing a rod and said to him: '' Hold out thy hand.'' And when he h eld out his hand the blessed J ohn made as though h e would strike him with the stick that he held in his hand, albeit the look upon his face was not stern against him.' In conclusion, Robert Bacon relates that St. Edmund admitted that he had been greatly affected by this apparition and had, in consequence, never omitted that prayer since.'

'And that prayer,' Bacon says, begins: '0 initemerata, etc.' The same story is recorded in the Life of St. Edmund preserved in St. John's College, Cambridge, MS. C 1 2, 9. Dr. Bernard Ward (St. Edmund, ,4rchbishop of Canterbury, p. 20) has claimed that St. Edmund was him self the author of this prayer. But Dom Wilmart points out that the use of this prayer by St. Edmund is good authority for its currency at that time , and no more. While he is unable to trace the authorship of it, he furnish es sufficient evidence for concluding th at it was composed in France and was already current among the communities of the Cistercian Order by the middle of the twelfth century.

A. B. E.

XII!E Sr:EcLE.

By P. Glorieux . 8vo, pp. 467 . Paris, Librairie Philosophique .

J. Vrin, 1933· The learned author of this volume ha s attempted to compile a bibliographical catalogue of all the Masters who lectured in the faculty of Th eology in the University of P aris during the thirteenth century . In the present state of our knowledge this is an ambitious undertaking, for the authorship of many of the works of those who taug ht in Paris during the course of this century still remains to be identified. Nevertheless this bibliography furnishes a valuable foundation for these furth er investigations. In th e list that the Abbe Glorieux has compiled of the secular Masters who occupied a chair of Theology in ~he University he has dul y included St. Edmund of Abingdon. The yea rs during which he lectured are g iven as 1224 to l 229. It is not easy to accept 'th ese dates, as it is known that in September, 1225, St. Edmund was present in his capacity as Treasurer at the consecration of the Lady Chapel of Salisbury Cathedral and that h e remained Treasurer of Salisbury and Rector of Caine until his elect ion to the archbi shopric of REPERTOIRE DES MAITRES EN THEOLOG IE DE PARIS AU

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Canterbury in 1233. In the section devoted to St. Edmund a list of his works is drawn up, to which is appended a list of those which maJ be doubtfully ascribed to him. This list is not as complete as it should be. No m ention is made of the edition of the French t ext of the Speculum Ecclesie which has been edited by Dr. H. W . Robbins under the title L e M erure de S einte Eglise, and consequently the Abbe Glorieux would seem to b e unaware that , in the light of Dr. Robbins's researches, there is good reason to believe that the Speculum Ecclesie was composed by St. Edmund in French, and was subsequently translated into 'Latin. The Abbe Glorieux does not include among the works . of St. Edmund the Moralitates in Psalmos Sti. Edimundi Archiepiscopi, which are preserved in an early thirteenth century MS . iri Worcester Cathedral Library (Q .67).

A.B.E. REGISTRUM CANCELLARII OXONIENSrs, 1434- 1469. By the Rev. H. E. Salter. For the Oxford Historical Society. Vol. r, land 4r3 pp.; Vol. 2, 433 pp. Svo, 1932.

In printing this the earliest surviving register of the acts of the Chancellors of the University, Dr. Salter has made accessible to students one of the most important sources that exist for the academical history of Oxford in the fifteenth century. As Dr. Salter explains in the very instructive introduction with which he prefaces the first of these two volumes, this register is not, as it has sometimes been term ed, the register of the Chancellor's court: it has been made a repository for entries on a variety of subjects besides those concerned with litigation. The register was entered up by the Chancellor himself or by his Commissary. It is evident from its contents that successive Chancellors and Commissaries exercised .a pretty wide discretion in their choice of matters to be recorded. But there were certain incidents in the transaction of University business that had necessarily to be recorded in the Chancellor's register year by year. It is fortunate for Aularian history that the .academical H a lls furnished one of these occasions.

It was required by ancient custom of the University that each year on September 9, the morning after the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, every Principal of a Hall should repair to St. Mary's-the bell being rung to signify the occasion-and there b efore the Chancellor or his Commissary profer a caution for the punctual payment of the rent due to his landlord in respect of the Hall that he occupied, or produce two sureties for the same.

On the occasion of this Exposicio cautionum a list of Halls and their Principals was entered in the Chancellor's register. If during

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the course of the year a principalship fell vacant, the nam es of the n ew Principal and his s ureties for the rent were entered in the register. Th ese entries furni sh our chief source of information for th e names of the Halls a nd the succession of their Principals at this period. Formerly it had been customary for a Principal, when he proferred his caution (exp osuit caucionem), to produce a book or some other article of value as security for his rent. There is preserved among the Royal MSS. in the British Museum, as Dr. Salter notes, a volume (Royal MS. 9, B. viii) w hich was deposited by its owner ip the antiqua cista Univ,e rsitatis as a caution for the -rent of Bedel Hall in 131 r. Dr. Salter cites from a rental of Oseney Abbey another example of this practice. In 1324 Mag. Will. de R enham and Mag. Will. Alberwyk each tendered security per unum librum when they rented two of the Halls belonging to the Abbey. But by the middle of the fifteenth century the caucio realis ha d given place to the caucio fideiussoria. The Cha ncellor's R egister for the years 1434 to 1469 shows the la ter system working by which sureties (fideiussores) for the r ent were produced. Dr. Salter notes that 'though the na mes of the sureties immediately follow the exposicio caucionis in the lists of the H alls drawn up yearly on September 9, they are in other ink a nd were evidently added later; the tenant, having secured the ha ll, searched for sureties that would satisfy the owner, a nd sometimes we are t old that the names w ere added the same day, or the n ext day or infra triduum . In one case the sureties are m en of the University, but the Cha ncellor doubted wheth er the owner of the hall would be satisfied with them; in a ll other cases th ey are townsmen.' When, for example, Mag. John Thamyse profer red his caution for St. Edmund Hall on September 9, 1439, h e produced as his s ureti es J ohp Wykam, one of the Bed els, and William L ymner, both resid ents in the parish o f St. Peter-i n-th e-East.

Dr. Salter draws attention to th e evidence in this Regi ster for the graduate members of a H all b eing known a s fellows (socii).

Th ere are three m entions of socii in connexion with Hincksey H a ll.

In one instance the reference is to Mag. Stephen H erb erd, w ho is to r eceive coram sociis suis a citati on to a ppear b efore th e Chancellor. In the other instance, Matthew Urgy, scholar of Hincksey H a ll, a batellar, who was convicted of a breach of the p eace for having struck a certain weaver in the Bell Inn in the pa rish of St. Ma ry Magdalene on the night of the Fea st of SS. P eter and P a ul, and put in prison, was released on the recognizances of cuiusdem magistri Thome Water, socii eiusdem aule, & aliorum ibidem commorancium. In the third instance it is recorded that on

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August 19, 1461, there appeared before the Chancellor's Commissary Dr. Robert K eynell, Principal of Hincksey Hall, cum magistro Thoma Matyn & aliis 7 sociis eiusdem a.ule. Dr. Salter suggests that the eight socii of Hincksey Hall comprise all the graduate members of the Hall and not simply those who were on the teaching staff. I do not feel certain that a line can be drawn at this period between the teaching staff and the graduates in residence at a Hall. So much of the teaching and lecturing under the medieval curriculum was carried out by young graduates that it would be legitimate to expect that any scholar who continued to reside in a Hall after he had graduated might have pupils, even though his chief object in continuing in residence was to work for a higher degree. In addition to the fellows of Hincksey Hall, the Register contains references to fellows of Peckwater Inn, St. Edward Hall and Paul Hall.

It is worth nothing, I think, that the five Halls whose socii are mentioned in this Register were all Halls where Legists resided (see Wood's City of Oxford, i. 639-40), whose membership, therefore, was presumably confined as a rule to graduates reading for Jaw degrees.

This register furnish es examples of ' men of mature years, in most cases a lready M.A., who supervised not so much the studies as the daily life of those committed to them.' Dr. Salter brings them togeth er in his introduction: 'magist er Godil the curator of Thomas Edis, magister Will. Rath is the tueator of John Moriell, magister A nd:r eas Andrew is the tutor deputa.tus of a boy named Henry Graffton, and dam. Willelmus is t he creditor of the sons of Roger Vaughan and rid es away with them to Wales.'

When I was gathering material for my history of St. Edmund Hall in medieval times, Dr. Salter very kindly allowed me the use of his transcript of this Register, so that the printing of it does not acid a new source of information for the history of our Hall.

During the period covered by this R egister the Halls were declining in number. Five were swallowed up in the sites of the new foundations of Lincoln College and All Souls, but, as Dr. Salter points out, it was not so much the growth of Colleges that caused the Halls to disappear, as the decreas e in the numbers of the University. 'The century 1440 to 1540 was, at all events in Oxfnrd, a time of almost continuous plague, and the University dwindled more and more.' He computes that the probable number of academical H a lls was 'not more than 70 in 1435 and not more than 60 in 1470.' In an appendix to his second volume Dr. Salter provides a very useful list of the names an d situations of the Halls mentioned in this Register.

A.B.E.

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PHILIP Buss (1787-1857), EDITOR AND BIBLIOGRAPHER. By Strickland Gibson and C. J. Hindle. For the Oxford Bibliographical Society, Proceedings and Papers, Vol. III, Pt. II. 1932.

Dr. Bliss, Principal of St. Mary Hall, has been described as ' the encyclopaedia of University information in his time.' As a Sub-Librarian of. the Bodleian, Registrar of the University, ~eeper of the Archives, Registrar of the Chancellor's Court, and a Clerk of th~ Market, he was well qualified by office to acquire this academical omniscience. As a bibliographer and antiquary he made Oxford of all time his province. In this volume a full and scholarly tribute is paid to Dr. Bliss's services to the history of Oxford and Oxford men. His published work is chiefly associated with the names of two of his predecessors in this field of study, Anthony Wood and Thomas Hearne. He produced a new edition of Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, and by his publication of Reliquiae Hearnianae he introduced the world to H earne and his diaries.

The Reliquiae, containing extracts from Hearne's diaries, appeared in three volumes within less than twelve months of Bliss's death. The publication of this selection had been long delayed.

Forty years before Dr. Bliss had first advertised his project of printing extracts from the diaries, but the undertaking was postponed ind efinitely on his appointment to be Registrar of the University in 1824. His immersion in University business and other concerns prevented him for many years from completing his undertaking. In 1856, having resigned the more onerous of his several University appointments, he turned once more to his long-cherished scheme. Bliss had had reason to be disappointed at the slow enlistment of subscribers in response to his original prospectus. It must have come as a pleasant surprise to him in 1857 when one-third of the whole impression was sold immediately on publication, and within three months not a copy was left.

In his first prospectus, issued in 1816, Bliss gave the following description of Hearne's diary: 'The merit and curiosity of Hearn'.e's publications are well known to the antiquary, the historian, and the biographer; and the extraordinary prices that are paid for his works sufficiently prove the estimation in which they are held by literary men in general. It may n.o t be known, even by some of Hearne's greatest admirers, that this celebrated Antiquary left no less than an hundred and fifty (or more) pocket-volumes, written in his own ha nd, containing what may very justly be termed a Diary of his Pursuits. ,This Diary compromises his remarks on books, his opinions on inclivicluals, and a considerable portion of his correspondence; anecdotes of his acquaintance, and indeed of most of the literary and political characters of his day ; with a variety of papers on subjects of history and antiquity.'

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This is the first printed description of the diary which Hearne began in his rooms in the Hall in July, 1705, and continued until within a few days of his death in June, 1735. Since the R eliquiae appeared in 1857 the whole of H earne's dia ry has been published in eleven volumes (1884-1918); under the auspices of the Oxford Historical Society. But to Dr. Bliss is due the credit of being Hearne's discoverer.

A.B.E. A HISTORY OF SS. MARY AND NICOLAS COLLEGE, L ANCING .

1848- 1930. By B. W. T. Handford. Svo, pp. xx + 417.

Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1933.

LANCING .

There are few school histories that are so written as to be capable of holding the interest of readers who stand outside the charmed circle of the school itself. This history of Lancing is one of these exceptions. It furnishes a lively and illuminating record of the most adventurous enterprise in the annals of English public schools of the nineteenth century. It is a fine tonic for timorous educa tionists.

The connexion of Lancing with the Hall goes back to the earliest days of the school. John Branthwa ite, who was Principal of the Hall from 1861 to 1864, had previously been at Lancing. H e joined the staff as an assistant master in the year following its foundation, when the school was at Shoreham; he was appointed Headmaster in 1851 and reig ned during nine of the most difficult years in its history. It was during his headmastership that the move from Shoreham to Lancing was made. The reminiscences of two distinguished O .L. 's have provid ed Mr . Handford with material for a faithful portrayal. ' A precise and scrupulous man, earnest and generous, but with no great sense of humour'- this is a characterisation which the portraits of him to be seen at Lancing and in the Hall readily confirm. ' Brandy Snaps,' as he was irreverently known to the first generation of boys at the school, exhibited little oddities of the sort that boys are quick to mark.

'Yes, only no ' was r eputed to be the g uarded permission that Branthwaite would give to any boy who came to him for anything out of the ordinary run . He had a great love of music, and it may be claimed for him that he laid the foundation of the fine musical tradition which Lancing enjoys. But the boys could not fail to note the difficulties into which he w.as led with his g own, as he lost himself in rendering a favourite hymn. Branthwaite was happily insusceptible where personal appearance was concerned.

There can be few hea dmasters who would not avoid making their first attempts to swim in the presence of their boys. Not so Branth-

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waite. Dr. Alfred Plummer, sometime Master of University College, Durham, has left this desc ription of his headmaster bathing: 'We used to bathe in the sea from the beach , crossing Norfolk bridge in a troop to do so. Bathing was voluntary; no one was obliged to come. W e were generally accompanied by a master , but were sometimes allowed to go without one. Branthwaite often came with us, and m ade the most h eroic efforts in endeavouring to learn to swim. He opened his mou th a lmost as a perfect square (so it seemed to us), and in his vigorous struggles the salt water used to flow in and out of this opening. When h e had acquired enough proficiency to b e able to k eep his legs off the ground for some minutes , his strenuous exertions had the result that he moved slightly backwards ! ' But if the boys sometimes laug hed a t what they thought his oddities, they all knew a nd respected hi s genuine goodness . Nothing that he did obscured the impression that he was 'a saintly man, a good scholar and a scrupulous gentleman,' and the school qui etly prospered under his reig n. He served without salary, and though not a wealthy man h e contributed gen erously to the ambitious building scheme which Woodard had set in progress. But clearly Branthwa ite was not fitted by t emperament . or constitution to wrestle with the many a dministrative problems that were incidental to the removal o.f the school from Shoreham and its re-organisation in unfini sh ed buildings on the hill site where it now stands between North Lancing and the river Adur. In 1859 Branthwa ite , feeling that his health was no longer strong enough for the task, tendered his resig n ation. H e returned to O xfo rd, resuming his fellowship at the Queen's College, and in 1861 became Principal of the Hall, where his r eign was cut short three years later by his death by drowning in Morecambe Bay. Branthwaite' s successor as H eadmas ter was th e Rev. Henry Walford , Vice-Principal of the H all. Before coming to the Hall in 1855 W alford had been fo r two years a master :'!t L ancing. The vigorous portrait that Mr. Handford gives of him as Headmaster is based on the recollection of Dr. H . G. Woods , sometime President of Trinity College , Oxford, who was contemporary with Dr. Plumm er at the school. ' He was a tall, heavily-built Rugbeian,' Mr. Handfor d writes, ' who had been a t school under Arnold with "Tom Brown." A competent but not a first-class scholar, cheery in manner , practical rather than literary, with a ma nly ethical Christianity, but out of sy mpathy with the austerity and mysticism implied in the Oxford Movement; he was quite a typical product of the Rugby of Arnold, a nd encouraged the boy s to oelieve that he was the '' Slogger '' in Tom Brown.' He is credited with being a good organiser who made many useful changes in the teaching

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and administration and with having brought Lancing closer to the regular public school type. But the division of responsibility by which Woodard as signed the work of education to the Headmaster and the spiritual guidance of the school to the Chaplain did not work well; and vValford soon found himself in a false position, grew disheartened and resigned . But to Walford , as to Branthwaite, Lancing owes a d ebt, for during th e headmasterships of these two men th e school was successfully nurtured and set strongly on its feet.

With this record in view it may be remarked here that th e connexion is well maintained. Two members of the Hall have b een on the staff of Lan cing· in recent years; and th e succession of O .L.' s coming up to the Hall has been reinforced by five recrui ts during the pres_ent year.

A.B.E. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE OXFORD MOVEMENT. By Canon S. L. Ollarcl. Centenary Edition, Revised . Svo, pp. xv+ 283. With 31 illustrations. London: A. R. Mowbray and Co., 1932. 6s.

This valuable history of th e Oxford Movem ent, which first appeared in 1915, is generally regard ed as the most r eadable and the most comprehensive of modern studies of the subject. Th e crop of new literature which this centenary year has raised has not produced a rival to it.

An interesting tribute to the value of this history has recently been made by its translation into J a panese by Professor Jiro Suzuki.

In its Japanese form it has been published with illustrations by the Church Publishing Society of J apan. It is the first book on the Oxford Movem ent to appear in Japan ese.

A.B.E.

THE OLD FAITH AND THE NEw AGE. By the Rev. J. W. C. Wand.

Svo, pp. l 24. London: Skeffington. 3s. 6d.

In this book, one of a series published in connection with the ~entenary of the Oxford Movem ent, the D ean of Ori el, in facing the problems of the present age, claims that what belongs to true happiness is 'the p arson's business.' In building life anew we must not leave out its highest elements; happiness is impossible without sincerity and faith.

After three chapters on the card inal doctrines of the Christian faith the author deals with the special problem of vocation as confront~ng young men a nd women, and adds two previously published artic\es on the Oxford Movement and the Oxford Grou ps.

Finally, in a chapter on Christian ethics, h e maintains that we

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should have faced the apparent dualism between spirit and matter, Church and world; and have proclaimed from the h.ouse-tops that the very a im of Christianity is to make the best of both worlds; but that we must first be ready to count this world well lost in order to achieve it.

J.S.B. THE CHRISTIAN RE NAISSANCE. With Interpreta tions of Dant e, Shakespeare and Goethe, and a Note on T. S. Eliot. By G. Wilson Knight. pp. 374. T oronto: Macmillan an d Co . 1933.

In this volum e, as in his previou s studies of Shakespeare, th ere is much that is pen etrating. Thus there is a finely suggestive passage on the hush that preludes the gathering streng th of the last wave w hich , in a g reat tragedy, brings with it the ultimate catastrophe. The examples g iven of this ominous silence are most pertinent: Hamlet pa usi ng over Yorick's skull, the sleep-walking of Lady Macbeth, 'th e calm morning, still sea, and summer breeze, inviting to sanity, and la nd, and home ' which p recede the fin a l doom of Ahab in Moby Dick. Th ere are other examples too, and the interest of a passage like this con sists in the range of instances that can b e quoted. The most preg·na nt of Professor Knight' s generali sations represent the distillation of the experience of a sensitive mind in contact with the b est literature. Incidentally, a recognition of the greatness o f Moby Dick is welcome. For in that book, if anywhere in nineteenth century literature, the epic spirit finds its embodiment . There are many passages in the Christian Renaissan1ce which stimulate thoug ht in this fashion. It is a book to pa use over; it provokes a re-reading of th e works which provide Professor Knig ht with his ma t erial. But it must be said that its ma in thesis fails t o carry conviction. It does not possess that note of urgency which h as inspired the greatest p rophecy of th e past. The third part o.f the book cha llenges such a comparison : it is desig nated ' Proph ecy .' But it does not fulfil the challenge .

It is too well w ritten; the true prophet is content to let his message speak for itself.

Yet, if we cannot ag ree that Professor Knig ht's vision of a Renaissa nce in which Christianity and poetry will be wedded in harmany as life-compelling forces carries conviction, there is much in his conten tion that is salutary . As in his works on Shakespea r e, he examin es his ma t eri al by and for itself. At the outset he replies to tho ~e critics w ho have girded at him for not considering the environm ent within which Shakespear e worked, and the reply is cogent. The plea for a ' Liberty of Interpreting- ' needs to b e r epeated with every advance i1t schola r ship. For unless the investi-

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gation of sources and contemporary influences enables us to receive from a work of art an enriched experience, such investigation is irrelevant, however interesting. The method adopted of tracing the various 'themes' upon which Dante's Divine Comedy, the works of Shakespeare and Goethe's Faust are constructed enables the writer to preserve his sensibility unblunted by a preoccupation with the tap-roots of literary history. It is only when Professor Knight moves away from a keen-eyed scrutiny of his materials that his method fails him. And for that reason this book is not so convincing as his earlier works on Shakespeare. It is to be doubted whether any generalisation calculated to include the Gospels, the works of St. Paul, the Divine Comedy, the works of Shakespeare, and Goethe's Faust, not to speak of the 'Note on T. S. Eliot,' is worth making. It is easy to say that in these works the forces that make for life are engaged in a struggle with the disintegrating power of death, and that ultimately harmony supervenes; but is it worth saying? The ' Romantic ' bias of Professor Knight's mind is apparent. ' The romantic p erception of life,' we read, ' is the heart alike of Christianity and poetry.' But a use of the term ' Romantic' which is so flexible as to include the work of Dante is gravely open to suspicion. And the suspicion is confirmed when we read of the Purgatorio: 'The air is perfumed, the cheek fanned by the brush of an unseen wing, the kiss of a Gospel thought.' The rigour of Dante's thought is entirely ignored. The terrors of his Hell are glossed over. It is difficult to include the unremitting attitude which Dante adopts towards evil within a purely Humanistic scheme. Such an attempt was made by Milton : but the ' penal fire' of his Hell has no power to burn; it may give no light, but neither does it give pain . Professor Knight may be correct in including Dante within his view of the ' Renaissance ' ; but it is equally possible to argue with T. E. Hulme that an absolute distinction must be drawn between the mediaeval tradition within which Dante worked and the Humanist movement which produced Shakespeare and what he designates as the ' spilt religion ' of the Romantics. It is only by a distortion of the facts that it is possible to bring Dante and Goethe together as exemplars of a common heritage of a romantic nature. Professor Knight acutely points out that .in Goethe mountains provide a predominant symbol in Faust. Such a symbol is eminently romantic: ruled by a trust in the power of man to predominate over all the powers of nature, subduing all things to himself, and drawing from within himself as from a well an inexhaustible supply of strength. This view is in direct opposition .to Dante's .conception. of the universe, in

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which man is so insignificant a figure compared with the infinite majesty of God. _Faust may well be a figure of Renaissance man taking all knowledge within his province; Dante had no such high opinion of humanity : to him there was a mystery that transcended all knowledge, and which filled his spirit with awe, the mystery of the Divine, or as Otto calls it the 'Numinous.'

But if this book provokes such radic;al disagreement, it is only a sign of its power. With the exaltation of the poet as a guide and counsellor we are in perfect agreement. For the poet, like all great artists, is at work reducing experience to order : wresting a pattern from the chaos of human experience. And in this sense he is a life forc_e, in so far as he is creating something which will endure because it is the outcome of the conflict between ' life ' and 'death ' within the human mind. The poet reduces the tempest of human emotion to music.

It is to be hoped that Professor Knight will continue his method of analysis of individual works of literature. Hugh Fausset has recently deserted critical writing for spiritual autobiography, and criticism has lost by it. It would be a pity if Professor Knight's acute powers of literary interpretation should be dissipated in the same fashion.

T. J. CHILDS. OuvRIERs-PornEs Du RoMANTISME: UN F ABULISTE, PIERRE LAcHAM~ EEAUDIE. By H. J. Hunt. Contributed to The French Quarterly, Vol. XIV, No. 4.

In this, his third article on the French Artisan Poets of the Romantic Movement, Dr. Hunt directs attention to the work of Pierre Lachambeaudie, the son of a peasant of the Dordogne. He appends nine examples of Lachambeaudie's Fables, which well illustrate the sincerity and telling terseness of this poet of socialism.

A.B.E. L'IMPULSION SocrALISTE DANS LA PENSEE PoLITIQUE DE VrcToR HuGo. By H. J. Hunt. Contributed to R evue d'Histoire Litteraire de la France, Vol. 40, No. 2.

Dr. Hunt in this article subjects to a very thorough criticism the views which M. Albert Schinz recently put forward in an article in the same quarterly on the consistency of Victor Hugo in his political opinions. But Dr. Hunt's article is not confined to the discomfiture of M. Schinz : it furnishes a very interesting study of the development of Victor Hugo' s thought on political and social questions.

A.B.E.

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UNE QuERELLE DE JouRNALISTES sous Lours-PHILIPPE. By H. J. Hunt. Contributed to Mercure de France, Tome 245, Juillet, 1933 · Alexandre Dumas and Fran9ois Buloz, founder of the Revue des Deux Mandes and the Revue de Paris, are here disclosed in combat. Dr. Hunt has drawn from the pages of Democratie Pacifique and other journals material with which to tell the lively story of an assault which Dumas made in 1844 upon Buloz, who controlled the Theatre-Fran9ais by virtue of his position as commissaire du roi . Dumas was not the only writer whom Buloz had exacerbated by the criticisms which his reviews contained. The affaire Dumas-Buloz marks a significant passage in the history of the French drama during the reign of Louis-Philippe.

A.B.E. A RETURN TO NEW TESTAMENT CHRISTOLOGICAL CATEGORIES. By the Rev. A. M. Farrer. Contributed to Theology, Vol. xxvi, No. I56, June, 1933.

The study of the mystery of God's act in the Incarnation is in successive ages the true work of the theologian.

The Chaplain, in some fourteen pages, gives a remarkably wide and penetrating review of the implications of some modern Christology, and makes an appeal for a return to a biblical category in this field of thought.

J .S.B. THE BASIS OF CORRECTNESS IN THE PRONUNCIATION OF PLACENAMES. By Allen Walker Read. Contributed to American Speech, February, 1933, Vol. viii, No. r.

BRITISH RECOGNITION OF AMERICAN SPEECH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Contributed to Dialect Notes, July, I933, Vol. vi, Part vi.

THE COMMENT OF BRITISH TRAVELLERS ON EARLY AMERICAN TERMS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE. Contributed to Agricultural History, Jul y, 1933, Vol. vii, No. 3.

THE SCOPE OF THE AMERICAN DICTIONARY. Contributed to American Speech, October, Ig33, Vol. viii, No. 3.

I Mr. A. W. Read, who is assisting- Sir William Craigie in. the task of compiling Thie Historical Dictionary of American English, gives substantial evidence in the four articles noticed here of his energy in preparing tributary studies arising out of his main task of collection. The varied fields of investigation that are opened up for those who would lend a hand in this enterprise are well indicated by Mr. Read in his article on the scope of the Dictionary. ~

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His own studies show that the researches which this work entails can make a contribution as welcome to British as to American social historians. His survey of the British attitude to Americanisms during the eighteenth century is most informing. In 1777 Nicholas Cresswell, a Derbyshire man resident in America, noted that: ' Though the inhabitants of this Country are composed of different Nations and different languages, yet it is very remarkable that they in general speak better English than the English do.

No County or Colonial dialect is to be distinguished here, except it be the New Englanders, who have a sort of whining cadence that I cannot describe.'

Mr. Read cites other interesting evidence in support of the absence of accent in eighteenth century American speech. But he admits that British comments on the American vocabulary were less favourable.

In another study Mr. Read illustrates from eighteenth century literature the variety of new terms that sprang up as the result of the cultivation of such new crops as tobacco, cotton and Indian corn.

It is to be hoped that Mr. Read will continue to gather up the fruits of his researches in instructive studies of this kind.

A.B.E. ]OHNSON's OPINIONS ON PROSE STYLE. By W. Vaughan Reynolds.

Contributed to The Review of English Studies, October, 1933· Vol. ix, No. 36.

Mr. W. V. Reynolds leads up to the main subject of this article by indicating the extent of interest shown by eighteenth century men of letters in prose style. He then offers a careful and instructive examination of Dr. Johnson's own attitude as exhibited by precept and example. Johnson's precepts are here gathered from I various passages in his writings and reviewed, with the copclusion that his opinion on the essentials of good prose composition coincided with that of his contemporaries. He appears as in all respects an exponent of the accepted opinions of his own time on the subject. Those who would accuse Johnson of having 'L~tinisec\' English prose are here shown to have no case.

A.B.E .

TRAVELS IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN b; DIA. By the Rev. T. H. Croxall. With 15 illustrations and map. Svo, pp. 42. All,:;ih1-bad: The Mission Press, 1932.

•!

Mr. Croxall here publishes a short journal recording an 1ipteresting holiday which he spent during four weeks in August ;;i.nd September, 1931, exploring both coasts of Southern India, witill a brief visit to Ceylon.

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Two Aularians have contributed articles to Liturgy and W ors hip, edited by Dr. W. K. Lowther Cla rke and Dr. C. Harris for S.P. C.K. That of the Rev. A. R. Browne-vVilkinson is entitled The Catechism and Children's Worship: and that of the R ev. R. French, Th e Services of the Eastern Orthodox Church .

Frank Norris, a Biography, by Mr. F. D. Walker, was published in 1932 by Messrs. Do ubleday, Doran & Co. Mr. Edwin M. Fitch, in conjunction with Miss R. L. Curtis, has contributed in F ebruary, 1933, a survey of Industrial Trends in Wisconsin to the Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin.

DEGREES December 17, 1932.

January 20, 1933.

F ebruary, I I April 8 "

27

June 8 " 22 July 15

,, 29 October 12

November 18 D ecember 16 11

B.A. and M.A.: P. Young.

B.A.: A. W. Keith-Steele.

B.A. : P. S. Hordern, G. E. Price, L. Thorpe.

M.A.: Rev. D . S. P. Mackintosh.

M.A.: Rev. K. M. Bishop, Rev. W. J. Lancaster. B.A. : A. D. Bailey, M. H ealey , F. J. Tackley.

M.A.: Rev. L. C. Baber, Rev. J. D. Fox, R ev. E. L. G. Powys.

M.A.: R ev. J. M. Scutt, A. E. Smith.

M.A. : A. E. Ellis.

B.A. : A. F. Ba rton, H. Gore-Booth , E. A. H. Heard, J. H. Tyzack.

B.A. : H. Moyse-Bartlett, A. Robinson.

M.A.: R ev. Ll. P. Burnett, C . R. Hiscocks.

B.A . : C . W. Boothroyd, E. J. Bowden, J. Bradley, G. D. Cluer, A. B. Codling, G. D. Gosling, S. A. R. Guest, C. J. Hayes, W. L. Herbert, A. G. Hopewell, G. S. Keen, D. J. A. Lobb, F. D. Lotan, F. T. Okely, H. K. Pusey, J. F. Tait, G. B. Timms, M. P. Vidal-Hall, J. G. Weatherston, G. H. W. White , T. G. C. Woodford, A. J. Young.

M;A. : R. Phillips.

B .C. L.: N. C. Moses. B.Litt: A. W. Read (in absence), R ev. F. A. Sma lley (in absence). B.A . : H. J. Andrews.

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MATRICULATIONS HILARY TERM. Exhibitioner: Birkinshaw; Philip Clive (Derby School).

MICHAELMAS TERM. Exhibitioners: Abercrombie, Ralph (Leeds Grammar School).

Brown, Oswald Timothy (Merchant Taylors' School).

Park, John (Taunton's School, Southampton).

Suttle, Ernest Frank Arnold (St. Dunstan's College, Catford).

Commoners: Adamson, Joseph Clark (Keswick School).

Alderson, William Edward (King Edward VI School, Nuneaton).

Ashton, Thomas Eyre Maunsell (Rugby School).

Barritt, Robert Oliver (Kettering Grammar School).

Beck, Antony James (Bloxham School).

Boothroyd, John Hubert (Cheltenham College).

Brooksbank, Kenneth (Sheffield Central Secondary School).

Burnett, George Michael (Worksop College).

Byrom, Ronald (Manchester Grammar School).

Cox, Charles Anthony James (Royal Grammar School, Worcester).

Crowe, Antony Lee (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham).

Cruse, Robert Arnold (Brighton College).

Dawson, Frederick William (Wakefield Grammar School).

Eade, Francis Leslie William (Dover County School).

Ffrench-Williams, Mostyn Yanto (St. Paul's School).

Finch, Francis Henry Heneage (Epsom College).

Fleming, Douglas Alexander Fitzgerald (Lancing College).

Foxton, Edward Frederick (\!Vorksop Coll ege).

Frankcom, Francis Henry (St. Edward's School, Oxford).

Gutch, John Pitt (Lancing College).

Hall, John High ton Peter (St. Bees School).

Hastie Smith, Ruthven Carruthers (Trinity College, Glenalmond).

Hayter, John Charles Edwin (Lancing College).

Healey, Arthur Joseph (Nelson School, Wigton).

Hicks, Donald George ' Townsend (Eltham College).

Hodgson, Ralph Denman (Marlborough College).

Jackson, Thomas Rayney (Eastbourne College).

Jarvie, James Kennedy (Trinity College, Glenalmond).

132

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Langhorne, Patrick Grant (Worksop College).

Lee, Jack (Blackburn Grammar School).

McNaught, George Wood (Birkenhead School).

Martin, Frank (Worksop College).

Martin, James Frew (Worksop College).

Miller, Kenneth Robert Willi am (Magdalen College School, Oxford).

Mortimer, Michael John (Lancing College).

Newhouse, Peter Henry Guy (Cranbrook School).

Pinniger, John Lawrence (Epsom College).

Podmore, Laurance Taylor (Liverpool College).

Prebble, Kenneth Ralph (Hurstpierpoint College).

Pusey, Robert Guy (City of O xford School).

Quinn, John James Denis Anthony Peter Moore (King Edward VI School, Southampton).

Shapland, John Charles Christopher (King's School, Canterbury).

Shaw, John Neville (Lancing College).

Shield, Gordon Ridley (Brighton College) .

Slater, Adrian Philip Lionel (Kingswood School).

Urquhart, Andrew Murray (Shrewsbury School).

Whitlow, Brian William (Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby).

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND This fund was instituted in 1929 in connexion with the centenary of the birth of Dr. Liddon (Vice-Principal 1859-62). So far £goo has been invested. It is hoped that this endowment may be gradually augmented so that more exhibitions can be provided for the assistance of candidates for ordination who wish to be admitted to the Hall. We very gratefully acknowledge the additional contributions that have been received during this year : s . d. £ Tota l brought forward 194 15 8 Mrs. T. K. Allen (third instalment) 5 0 0 The Rev. J. S. Brewis (fourth instalment) 50 0 0 The Rev. Canon W. S. Gardner (third instalment) 5 0 0 St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory (Reunion, 2 1933) 5 9 St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertories (Liddon Society, Michaelmas and Trinity Terms, r933) 3 4 3 £260

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AULARIAN ASSOCIATION. RECEIPTS AND PAY lVIENTS ACCOUNT.

for the year ending 3oth June, I933· RECEIPTS.

£

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72 I5 II I5 I9 0 24 I5 0

Subscriptions, June 30, I932, to June 30, Membership Magazine Activities Fund

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PAYMENTS.

£ So 25 I5 IS 4 4 152

Aularian Exhibition Account Organ Restoration Fund .i\fagazine Account Aularian Directory Printing and Stationery Postages ...

Ba lance to be carried forward

£301

s . d.

IO 0

6 0 0 6 0

19 I2 5 7 1S

I I

I 2

I l

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AULARIAN EXHIBITION ACCOl,JNT, RECEIPTS.

£ So

Aularian Association Subscriptions Bank Interest

£Sr PAYMENTS.

£

Balance to be carried forw a rd . . .

Sr £Sr JoHN

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Hon. Treasurer.

Examined and certified correct.

H.

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INGLE,

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6 6

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