St Edmund Hall Magazine 1930-31

The block used for the small print of the Hall appea ring on the cover is kindly lent by Mr. E. H. New, of 17 Worcester Place, Oxford , from whom the original engraving, 13t by 12 inch es in size, may be obtained, price one g uinea.

'i

THE CHAPEL AND THE COTTAGE .

•·\FTER RE S T O IHT!O!';.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. II, No.5·

D ECEMBER, 19JO.

EDITORS. 1930- JI

A.

Editor. .4 sst. Edito r.

F. CoLBORN,

N. G.

FISHER,

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS. · OF

THE SENIOR TuToR .

HE Senior Tutor underwent a serious operation during Trinity Term. All Aularians w ill re joice to learn that he has made a complete recovery .

T

OF

THE CHAPLAIN.

The R ev. R. F. W. Fletcher has been appointed Rector of Broughton Pogis, near Lechlade. He was instituted on January 27 .

As Broughton is a very small village with only 74 inhabitants, Mr. Fletcher is able to combine the rectors hip with his work as a Tutor of the Hall. We are very glad that his connexion with the Hall will not be broken , a lthough it ha s been necessary for him t o resig n his duties as Chaplain. Mr. Fletcher has also been appointed Assistant Secretary to the Delegacy of Local Examinations.

OF

CONGRATULATIONS.

The congratulations of the Hall are due : To W. V. Reynolds on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of English Language and Literature, and on being honourably mentioned fo r the Charles Oldham Scholarship.

To a ll other members of the H all who ab examinatoribus honore digni sunt habiti, especially to the following who were placed in the Second Class in their respective Honour Schools : N. A. H .

Lawrance (Hon. Classical Moder ations); A. E. A. Sulston (Theology); F. R. H . Murray (Modern La nguages) ; J. L. Tadman (Modern History); H. F . Green, J. L. N. O'Loughlin and 0 . C. Trimby (English Language and Literature).

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ST. EDMUND HALL J\lAGAZlNE

To F. R. H. Murray on his election to a Laming Travelling Fellowship at the Queen's College.

To E. C. R. Hadfield on being awarded the George Webb Medley Scholarship in Economics.

To S. A. R. Guest on being awarded an Abbott Scholarship.

To J. L. Tadman on being honourably mentioned for the Stanhope Historical Essay.

To A. J. Phillips on being appointed to a Cadetship in the Tropical African Administrative Service.

To Brewster Morgan on his memorable presidency of the 0. U.D.S. and on the notable success of his production of i\-[acbeth.

To A. F. Smith on his successful presidency of the Oxford University Chess Club.

To C. F. Cardale on representing the University against Cambridge for the second time in Rugby Football.

To C. J. Mabey on running Cross-Country for the University against Cambridge.

ToR. Waye on playing Association Football for the University.

To ]. N. C. Holland, K. C. Oliver and N. G. Fisher on being elected to the Greyhounds.

To C. G. Lawrence and H. K. Pusey on being elected to the Occasionals.

To A. W. Henderson on his truly Caledonian rendering of the part of the Porter in the 0. U.D.S. production of Macbeth.

To J. E. Marfell on being promoted to the rank of 2nd-Lieut. for his work in the Signal Unit of the O.U.O.T.C. To the Eight (W. W. J. Bolland, stroke ; E . L. G. Powys, 7 ; A. F. Colborn , 6; M. J. V. Print, 5; D. K. D. Dixey, 4; ]. H. Tyzack, 3; J. C. Yates, 2; H. E. Pegg, bow; B. M. Forrest, cox) on making seven bumps, and thus creating a record for the Boat Club, and toM. J. V . Print on his memorable captaincy.

To the Clinker Four (vV. W. J. Bolland, stroke; M. ]. V. Print, 3; A. F. Colborn, 2; J. H. Tyzack, bo¡w; B. M. Forrest, cox) on winning the 0. U.B . C. Clinker Fours Cup. To the Hall members of the 0. U. 0. T . C. on being runners-up for the College Efficiency Cup and on winning the Victoria Bowl.

To the Rugby Football Club on winning the Inter-College Seven-a-side Tournament, especially to J. N.C. Holland (captain), A. J. Fyfe, K. C. Oliver, J. R. Ormiston, N. A. Perry-Gore, A. J. Phillips and A. W. U. Roberts, who played in the Final against Christ Church, and to C. F . Cardale on his successful training of them.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

3

To the Rugby Football XV on winning 12 matches out of 13 in Michaelmas Term.

To the Association Football XI on winning 14 matches and drawing 2, out of 17 matches, in Michaelmas Term.

To the Hockey XI on playing in the Final for the Inter-College Hockey Cup in Hilary Term.

To the Hockey XI on winning 14 matches and drawing 1, out of 15 matches, in Hilary Term.

OF THE

ScHOOLs.

HILARY TERM, 1930.

In Sc:hola Literarum Gra,ecarum et Latinarum: Class II, N. A. H. Lawrance.

E xercise for Degree of B.Mus.: E. P. Brice.

TRINITY TERM.

In Sacra Theologia: Class II, A. E. A. Sulston; Class III, W. J. Lancaster, H . C. Pegg, E. R. Welles; Class IV, J. M. C. Clayton, J. N. C. Holland.

In Literis Modernis: Class II, F. R. H. Murray (Fr. and Span.), with distinction in conversational French; Class III, D. K. Munro; Class IV, R. M. Parker.

In Histo<Yia Moderna: Class II, J. L. Tadman; Class III, A. C. Hordern.

In Literis Humanioribus: Class III, G. M . Mercer.

In Jurispntdentia: Class III, N. C. Moses.

In Literis Anglicis: Class I, W. V. R eynolds; Class II, H. F .

Green, J. L. N. O'Loughlin, 0. r:. Trimby ; Class I V, R. C. Thomas.

In Schola Philosophiae, Politicae et Oeconomiae: Class III, A. J. Phillips.

In Schola Disciplinarum Mathematicarum: Class III, J. M. Edmonds.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: Group A.J, C. F. Cardale; Group B .2, H. S. 0. Wood; Group E., W. Vv. E. Giles.

Diploma in Theology: J. M. Scutt.

E x amination in the Th eory, History and Practice of Education: R. W. Britton, B.A., T. C. Heritage, B.A., W. Johnson, B.A., V. W. Miles, M.A., K. A. Muir, B.A. Qualifying Examination for the Degree of B.D.: K. M. Bishop, B.A.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: Group A.r, D.]. Cockle; Group A .J, W. W. E. Giles, P. S. Hordern; Group B.r, H. S. 0.

Wood.

First Examination for the Degree of B.1\1us.: P. J. Britton, B. Seton.

On July 17, W. R. Niblett, having submitted a thesis on 'The function of the literary critic, with special reference to the work of Hazlitt,' satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of English Language and Literature for the Degree of B. Litt.

On November 15, L. W. Hanson, having submitted a thesis on 'The Tory Party in the Reign of George I,' satisfied the ~xaminers appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Modern History for the ' Degree of B.Litt.

OF A SENIOR EXHIBITIONER. W. V. Reynolds, who was placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of English Language and Literature, has been appointed a Senior Exhibitioner of the Hall.

OF ExHIBITIONS. An examination, beginning on Tuesday, March 18, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French) of the annual value of £40. As a result of thi s examination the following elections were made : W. A. Holt, Bradford Grammar School.

A. A. Wright, Barrow Grammar School.

An examination, beginning on Tuesday , March 25, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics and Modern History of the annual value of £40. As a result of this examination the following election was made : H. G. Nicholas, Mill Hill School.

Two minor Exhibitions of the annual value of awarded as follows : G. S. Keen, Bradford Grammar SchooL C. C. Reid, Mill Hill School.

£zs

were also

The Exhibition Examinations for 1931 will be held as follows:On Tuesday, March 17, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French) of the annual value of £40;

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

5

On Tuesday, March 24, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics and Modern History of the annual value of ÂŁ40.

DE DONIS.

In addition to the gifts recorded elsewhere 111 the Magazine., the best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts to the Hall : To Mr. Percy Scholes for his gift of his book The Listener's History of Music and of the first volume of gramophone records in the Columbia History of Music for the use of the Musical Society.

To Miss B. L. Lefroy for her gift of a copy of the early eighteenth print of Le College d' Edmund Hall by Gerrit Tielenburg, of Amsterdam, based on Loggan's view.

To Miss E. Heurtley for a copy of Keble's The Christian Year, edited with selected passages from the works of Dr. Liddon.

To the Rev. Canon Ollard for his gift of Archbishop Herring's Visitation Returns, York Diocese, I74J, of which he is the coeditor.

To the Rev. Professor L. Hodgson for his gift of his book, E,ssays in Christian Philosophy.

To Mr. T. F. Higham for his gift of a copy of The Oxford Book of Greek Verse, of which he is on~ of the editors.

To Mr. G. vV. Knight for his gift of his book The Wheel of Fire.

To Mr. W. F. Cummings for his gift of Tanner's Constitutional Conflicts in the r7th Century.

To Mr. A. W. Henderson for his gift of Bagehot's Lombard Street, Ashley's Economic Organisation of England, and Cannon's History of Local Rates in England.

To Mr. W. V. Reynolds for his gift of Grierson's CrossCurrents of English Literature in the r7th Century, and Tillyard's Milton.

To the Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harpur for his gift of The Domesday Inquest and British Borou-gh Charters, I042-r2r6, by his father-in-law, the late Mr. A. Ballard.

OF THE BUMP SUPPER.

A very successful -Bump Supper was held in the Quadrangle on 'iiVednesday evening, May z8, in celebration of the seven bumps made by the Eight. There were r r 5 members of the Hall and guests present. The toast of ' The Crew' was proposed by the

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Principal, and responded to by M. J. V. Print, Captain of Boats. \V ' W. J. Bolland, Secretary of Boats, proposed the health of the Coach, the Rev. E. W. Mowll, Jesus College, Cambridge. The Vice-Principal proposed the health of ' The Guests,' and Mr. A. H. Southorn, Hertford College, r eplied.

OF No. 7 STAIRCASE. When will the H all come down to the High Street? That question, which all former members of the H a ll will have asked at some time or other, has now been answered. A twenty-one years lease of No. 48 High Street has been granted to the H all by Magdalen College. The main part of the house, which consists of three storeys, has been converted into sets of rooms capable of accommodating a Tutor a nd ten underg raduates. As the rooms intended for the use of a Tutor residing in Hall are not required this year, there is room extra for two undergraduates. In addition there is a long room at the back of the house on the ground floor which ha s been assigned to the Senior Tutor as a pupil-room. A changing-room with fitted wash-basins and shower-baths has also been _installed. The front shop has been cut off from the rest of the house and is being let on a sub-lease. Direct access to this house from the H all has been obtained by removing the stone wall which divided the small garden-plot on the south side of the Chapel from the garden or yard in rear of this house. This corridor of ground has been reclaimed as a garden, and might now, in our more expansive moments, be termed ' the Inner Garden Quadrangle.' Half-way down there stands a diminutive cottage : this now contains a boiler-room and a bicycle-shed on the ground floor, and, on the floor above, a staff room for the use of the Hall servants. As a result of this annexation, No. 48 High Street becomes No. 7 Staircase.

OF THii< CoTTAGE NEXT THE CHAPEL.

¡ Alterations have been made in the Cottage nex t to the Chapel, formerly known as the Vice-Principal's Lodgings, so as to secure a direct passage through. In doing this, it has been possible to provide better access to the Old Library. The former tortuous little staircase has been removed, and in the space previously occupi~d by the passage a roomier staircase lias been erected. In thi s new oak staircase the design of the original balusters has been reproduced. The old oak panelling that divides this stairway from the Ante-Chapel has been repaired and the paint removed from it.

THE BUMP SUPPER, MAY 28, 1930.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

7

The whole of the pointed archway, which was erected by the builders of the Chapel and Library so as to make access through ¡the north wall of the Cottage possible, has been disclosed and made a feature of the staircase. This arch is not a medieval survival, as has sometimes been supposed.

Thanks to a gift made for this purpose, the . roof of the cottage on the side of the Quadrangle has been re-slated with Stonesfield slates. This restoration has freed this pleasant little building from the disfigurement which its Victorian covering of Welsh slates had inflicted on it.

OF THE RESTORATION OF THE CHAPEL. A description of the re storations carried out inside and outside the Chapel during Trinity Term and the Long Vacation is given elsewhere in the Magazine.

OF THE BELL. The Bell has been removed from its cupboard in the gable over the entrance to the Dining-Hall and placed in the aperture in the pediment over the Chapel. It was found on examination that preparations had at some time been made for re-hanging the ¡Bell in this position, but for some reason unknown the change was never carried out. The Bell has embossed upon it the date 1658, the year previous to that in which the Dining-Hall and the rooms above were reconstructed by Dr. Tullie.

OF THE O.U.O.T.C. The number of members of the Hall serving in the University Officers' Training Corps rose during the course of the year from eight to twelve. In the Cavalry Unit, D. A. H. Wright is reported as having done well in camp. In the Artillery, R. Waye, A. J. Phillips, N. A. H. Lawrance and J. R. Ormiston are commended in the Commanding Officer's report for their keenness. In the Signalling Unit, G. E. Marfell has again earned special commendation and has been promoted to the rank of 2nd-Lieutenant.

It is a very satisfactory tribute to the keenness of the Hall contingent that it should have won the Victoria Bowl, as runners-up in the competition for the College Efficiency Cups.

OF ST. EDMUND'S DAY. As St. Edmund's Day this year fell on a Sunday, the St. Edmund Dinner was held on Saturday, November r6. The toast

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE of Floreat Aula was proposed by the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Carlisle, formerly Principal.

The Bishop of Carlisle expressed his pleasure at being able, for the first time fo_r eight years, to be present on this occasion. He referred very happily to the developments that have marked the history of the Hall during that interval, including in his review the recent ' Dantzig corridor ' leading to the High Street: In concluding a speech that was much appreciated, he spoke of the affection that he felt for the Hall, an affection which time only served to enhance.

In thanking the Bishop for his speech, the Principal remarked that a decade had passed since the Bishop resigned the principalship on his appointment to the See of Carlisle. He then proceeded to make plain that the record of the Hall in the last ten years had been made possible by the courage and confidence with which the Bishop had grappled with the problems that confronted him on his first coming to the Hall as Principal in 1913 and with those, too, that were incidental to the War years that followed.

The Principal then recorded the very notable series of successes, both academic and athletic, which had been won for the Hall during the past year. He congratulated the teams on the very promising beginning that they had made in the new academical year by winning all their matches save one. He then made some mention of the restorations and extensions that had been carried out during the Long Vacation. He placed first among the restorations that of the Senior Tutor after his operation during Trinity Term. In conclusion, the Principal gaye some indication of his hopes with regard to future developments, and stated that it was his intention within the next twelve months to seek for the Hall the financial assistance that it needs if the progress of the last ten years is to be maintained and extended.

In addition to members of the Hall in residence , there were present Mr. H. M. Margoliouth, Secretary of Faculties; Mr. T. F. Higham, Fellow of Trinity; the Rev. R . B. Mortimer, Student of Christ Church ; and Mr. L. W. Hanson.

OF

SERMONS IN CHAPEL.

The VISiting preachers in Chapel during 1930 were the Rev. W. C. Wand, Dean and Fellow of Oriel; the Rev. R. C. Mortimer, Student of Christ Church; and the Rev. J. F. Russell, Vice-Principal of Cuddesdon College.

J.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

OF THE NEw LIBRARY.

J.

H . Torrens has s ucceeded vV. V. Reynolds as Librarian.

OF NUMBERS.

There were in residence during Michaelmas Term 5 Bachelors of Arts and IIS undergraduates. The number of freshmen admitted was 40. Consequently two records have been broken; but it m ay be said authoritatively that it is not intended that these numbers shall be exceeded.

OF THE

J .C.R.

The officers of the J. C . R. elected for the academic;! year 1930-31 are: President, A. J. Phillips, B.A.; St eward, N. G. Fisher. J. M. Edmonds has been reappointed Junior Treasurer.

EIGHTS WEEK CONCERT.

T

H E S ecretary of the Musical Society (G. S. Wamsley) is to be congratulated on the progra mme he secured for this year's concert. The E lizabethan madrigals sung by the Hall sextet made a pleasant opening and were flun g off with more of the appropriate spirit than is sometim es to be found in such performances : this m ore than compensated for a certain roughness of tone, difficult to avoid in unaccompanied work unl ess the voices are well m at ured. The two contributions by R. C . Swingler, a flautist from New College, were played with clarity, especially the Sonata by Bach: Debussy's 'Syrinx' gave more opportunities for technical display, but seemed to be written from a d esire to write a flu te solo rather than from any irrepressibl e inspira tion. The songs by P. R. E. Arnhold (Balliol) were delivered with vigour and command, and the low notes (e .g. in the Mozart aria from 'The Magic Fl ute') were reached with security and good ton e. l\1. clu P. Cooper 's playing, both of two Schumann pieces and 0f a set of Brahms' W a ltzes , was finished in style and thoroughl y musicianly . Altogether, a pleasant evening, w ith an excell ent contribution from a blackbird inspired to emulation.

R.F.W.F.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

RESTORATIONS. T has been l~nown for s~me time that the fa<;adc of the Chapel and Old L1brary was m need of restoration. Much of the architectural detail had crumbled away. This was obvious to the casual observer. But when the stonework was examined, it was found that in places it was so far decayed as to endanger the structural security of the building. In particular, the parapet wall and the south-west corner were found to be in a precarious condition. .

The work of restoration was begun during Trinity Term. The stone originally used for ~he building of the Chapel came from Headington, with the exception of that used for the central portion of the fa<;ade, which is thought to have come from Milton.

The difference between the two stones is apparent to the eye , as. the Milton stone has a yellow colour. The introduction of Miltonstone, which is harder than that of Headington, was probably due¡ to the more elaborate carving required for the attached columns. with their Corinthian capitals. In the work of restoration Clip~ham stone has been used throughout. This very durable stone from Rutland is now largely used in Oxford for University and college buildings.

Nearly all the dressings to the windows, including cills , jambs, transomes, mullions and some of the heads, have been replaced, and considerable portions, too, of the mouldings to the pediments. over the windows. The quoins which form the right-hand corner of the fa<;ade have been rebuilt , as also the piers and panelling of the parapet wall. The whole of the upper two members to the cornice and pediment, and part of the pulvinated fri eze, have had to be renewed. The whole of the new work has been coloured and treated with preservative in such a way as to tone with the old stone that survives. This has been done so successfully that the piebald appearance which has characterized some Oxford buildings. after restoration has been avoided . This restoration, which has been as conservative as the decayed condition of the stone-work would permit, was carried out by Messrs. Symm & Co. under the supervision of Mr. R. Fielding Dodd, F.R.I.B.A. Although the major portion of this work was undertaken during term, the architect and the builders contrived that it should be done in such a way as to cause the minimum of inconvenience. The moral to be derived from this restoration is never to allow ivy or any other clinging creeper upon a stone building. Photographs of the Chapel front take n about r86o show the stone-work to have been in good

I

THE CHAPEL AND OLD LIBRARY. BEFOR E REsTORATION .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

11

condition at that date. The ivy and Virginia creeper that was subsequently allowed to riot over the face of the building has cost the Hall nearly one 'thousand pounds.

In celebration, as it were, of the completion of these repairs the coat-of-arms over the entrance to the Chapel has been emblazoned, and the inscription gilded.

Through a crack being observed in the north-west corner of the Chapel the timely but expensive discovery was made that the wooden beam and studding covered by the screen that divides the Chapel from the Ante-Chapel were seriously decay~d through the ravages of dry-rot and the lesser death-watch beetle. As this beam and studding supported the east wall and floor of the Library above, the necessity for immediate action was obvious. The whole of the screen had to be taken down ; the studding and beam were removed, as the decay was too extensive to make patching possible, and a girder and four steel stancheons have been set in their place. The screen, after it had been treated with liberal dressings of an anti-beetle mixture, was put back into its original position, and nobody now entering the Chapel would know that it had ever been dismantled.

A. B. E.

No. 48 HIGH STREET.

T

H E annexation of No. 48 High Street brings the Hall down to the High for the first time for four hundred and fifty years . During the fifteenth century two halls fronting on the High were rented by Principals of St. Edmund Hall, one known as Black Hall, St. Hugh Hall, or the Grammar Hall, on a site in rear of the New Library, now occupied by Nos. 42 and 43 High Street, and the other, known as White Hall, on a site on the south side of the Cottage by the Chapel, now occupied by Nos. 46 and 47 High Street. But it cannot be claimed that the ann exation of No. 48 brings the H all on to ground that it formerly occupied.

The Hall has, however, on two occasions acquired small additions of territory at the expense of this property : the first was in the seventeenth century, when the cottage that now adjoins the Chapel was erected, a nd the second in rgzz, when the upper part of the garden was purchased from Magdalen College.

The site of No. 48 High Street was granted to the Hospital of St. John the Baptist, the medieval predecessor of the Radcliffe Infirmary, in rz8r under the will of Agnes Punchard, and the memory of this gift is perpetuated by the title ' Domus Punchard,' by which it is described in the rentals of the Hospital. But it is

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

known that, fifty years before it passed to the Hospital, a rent of 12d. a . year was being p aid to the Hospital in respect of this tenement. From that date onward- that is, for the ensuing seven hundred years-the history of the site is known.

After .the dissolution of St. John's Hospital it passed, with the rt~st of the Hospital's property, as part of the original endowment which Bishop Wayntlete secured for his foundation of Magdalen College. In Elizabeth's reign it seems to have consisted of a house fronting on the High with a timber-yard in occupation of the Queen's College behind. In r6o8 Dr. John Aglionby, Principal of St. Edmund Hall, took a forty years' lease of a small tenement which had recently been erected at the north end of the timber-yard. This tenement is the Cottage adjoining the Chapel.

The main tenement facing the High, the predecessor of the present house, was converted into a hostelry in r6r6, when a cook with the appropriate name of Gabriel Cracknell received a licence from the City authorities to keep an inn there and set up the sign of the Queen's Arms . It continued to be so used for nearly a century, sometimes bearing the sign of the Queen's Arms, sometimes that of the King's . In r636 Mrs . Anne Hastings, widow, Jessee of the King's Arms, was granted a forty years' lease of the cottage Dr. Aglionby had occupied : for a time it ct;ased to be connected with the Hall. The connexion with the Hall was renewed in r673 when Queen's College, on behalf of the Hall, took a lease of the cottage. The fact that the cottage was held on a forty years' lease did not prevent its structural adaptation when the Chapel and Library was erected beside it in r68o. After periodical renewals, the cottage was eventually sold by Magdalen College for the use of the Hall in 1783 .

Best known o.f those who were lessees of the m ain tenement is Josiah Pullen, Vicar of St. Peter' s-in-the-East and Vice-Principal of Magdalen H a ll. He was granted a forty years' lease in 1706, but it does not fo.Jlow from this that he ever lived there. Pullen was long- commemorated in O xfo rd by ' Joe Pullen's Tree,' an elm tree which he planted at a point where the paths cross on the way from Oxford to Headington, and also by the stories of his eccentricities which continued to circulate in colleg-e common rooms .

The present house may have been erected in his time or shortly afterwards. The little cottage behind it has been practically rebuilt. It was originally of timber and brick construction, buil t perhaps a hundred and fifty years ago. There are said once to have been two other little cottages there as well, all three being known as' The Cluster of Nuts.'

A.B. E.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

13

THE CHAPEL ORGAN. HE Chapel organ h as been in very poor health for some time. As it had to be taken down and removed before repairs could be carried out to the Ante-Chapel screen, it was decided that the opportunity should be taken to arrange for its renovation. It h as done seventy years' set·vice in th e Chapel, and was not a new instrument when it was first procured. It s purchase was due to the initiative of Dr. Liddon, who, while he was Vice-Principa l, helped certain members of the Hall, John Stainet· among them, in th eir wish to obtain an organ for the Chapel.

It is a pleasantly-toned instrument a nd well deserves careful restoration ; but at the same time, if it is to be adequate for its purpose, it needs to be a mplified . Dr. Harris , organist of Christ Church, and the Rev. A. F. Freeman have both very kindly given advice in the prep aration of a schem e for its rebui lding . The necessary work, which it is expected will cost about £3oo, has been put into the hands of Mr. Percy G. Phipps, an e~perienced Oxford organ-builder. This estimate includes the cost of installing a Discus electric organ blower and mo to r.

At the General Committee meeting of the Aularian Association on the occasion of the Reunion in July it was decided to allocate the sum of about £4o standing to the credit of the Activities Fund towards the cost of the renovation and improvement of the organ.

This is a very w elcome and encouraging b,eginning, and has been followed by separate donation s w hich have been r eceived from Aularians who were present at the Reunion. I very much hope that there 'may b e other Aularians who will wish to associate themselves individually with this undertaking. I may remark, in conclusion, tha t it m ay be found possible to place the organ on its return in a better position than that which it has occupied in the Ante-Chapel. But that too is largely a question of ways and means.

A.B.E.

T

THE LIDDON CENTENARY. j\FTER the publication of the Centenary Appeal in The Times, which was signed by Sir Walter Buchanan-Riddell, Principal of H ertford, the Bishop of Carlisle, Lord Hugh Cecil, Bishop Gore, Lieut.-Col. F. Meynell, the Bishop of Oxford, the Bishop of Sherborne, Bishop Talbot, and Dr. White , D ean of Christ Church, a letter was received from the Poet Laurea te , Dr. Bridges, expressing a desire to be included. ' Though I sh all not be able,' he

fl.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE wrote, 'to do much in the " silver and gold " line, I should be grieved if my name were not among those who prominently support the movement.' And in a subsequent letter Dr. Bridges said that he was 'indulging a hope, which this movement has. awakened in me, to write a picture of some of my vivid memories of my old friend.' Unfortunately that picture was never written.

During the course of the year contributions towards the formation of a Liddon Exhibition Fund for the assistance of ordinands entering the Hall have continued to come in. In November a sum of ÂŁsoo was invested in Trustee securities, which should give the Fund an income of about ÂŁ24 a year. This is a gratifying beginning, and the very sincere thanks of the Hall are due to all those who by their contributions have helped to perpetuate within our walls the memory of one of the most famous of our VicePri'ncipals. The Fund is to remain open, for it is our hope that it may be built up bit by bit so that at least one Liddon Exhibition may be offered each year. But to secure this, a sum three or four times as large as that already subscribed will be required.

As a result of the centenary commemoration, very welcome gifts have been made to the Hall by the Misses King, of Newark Park, Wotton-under-Edge, nieces of Dr. Liddon: these gifts constitute an important personal memorial. In the first place, the Misses King have handed over to the keeping of the Hall a large number of letters written by and to Dr. Liddon, and other papers preserved by him which are of very great importance for his biography and for the history of the English Church during his life-time. Some of these letters were used by Canon Johnston in his. Life and Letters of Henry Parry Liddon, but many of them have never been published. Of special interest for the Hall is a letter written by Dr. Liddon to one of his sisters when he was considering whether he would accept the offer of the Vice-Principalship. ' I think it would be possible,' he writes, ' to turn St. Edmund Hall into a little Christian Fortress in the midst of the Rationalism and Indifferentism which lay modern Oxford waste.' They have also given copies of several of Dr. Liddon's published sermons and writings which the Hall Library did not possess, and an engraved portrait of him.

In addition, the Misses King have presented to the Hall three gifts connected with Dr. Liddon that are of very special interest.

The first is a little wooden crucifix of foreign workmanship which Dr. Liddon had in his study at Christ Church. In the hollowed shaft of this cross, which is fitted into a wooden stand, there is contained a fragment of bone. It is evident from its position that

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this small piece of bone had for Dr. Liddon some sacred association; and I cannot help wondering whether this may not be identical with the fra g ment which I was told some years ago by a former member of the Hall had been given to Dr. Liddon by a Roman Catholic friend on the occasion of the translation from Pontigny in 186o of the relic of St. Edmund now preserved at St. Edmund's College, Ware. The other gift is the hea d of a medieval processional c ross, probably of Spanish workmanship, which used to hang on the wall in Dr. Liddon 's study at Christ Church. This cross, which is made of copper-gilt plates, is decorated with ten enamelled panels, of which nine are believed to be thirteenth or fourteenth century Spanish versions of Limoges work, and one, representing St. Mark, is Mosan (Meuse) work of the twelfth century. The third gift is a volume of The Services of the Church,, inscribed with Dr. Liddon's name and the date, March 11, 1872.

From the notes of dates and places written by Dr. . Liddon in the margins of this book, it is evident that this is the service book which he used daily from 1872 until his death. Between the pages are preserved many little devotional mementos of great persona l interest. The late Canon Coles, who knew Dr. Liddon intimately, said of him in a paper that he once read at Liddon House : ' His devotion to the Crucified was learned from the Cross itself. . . .

It was the Crucifixion which was ever before his mind. Wherever his influence, and often his munificence , is to be traced , the Crucifixion will be found above the altar.' It is so in the Burne-Jones window above the altar in our own Chapel. It is very appropriate, therefore, that the r epresentation of the Crucifixion should b e the distinguishing feature of these intimate memorials of him which his nieces , the M isses King, have g iven to the Hall. Our very sincere thanks are due to the Misses King.

A. B. E.

THE OLD LIBRARY.

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H E Old Libra ry has been tempora rily disordered as. the result of r emoving all the books on the east wall while the repairs to the Ante-Chapel screen were in progress.

Mr. J. L. Watson has added two more papers to those which he presented two years ago concerning his ancestors, Dr. Adam Airay, Principal from 1632 to 1658, and Christopher Airay , the Principa l's great-nephew, who entered the Hall in January 1681 ( 2.

One is the rough copy of a very effusive letter of congratulation in Latin a ddressed Spectatissimo ornatissimoque viro Domino Sti Edmundi Aulae Principali. It is unda ted, but it seems clear from

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its contents that this fulsome tribute was composed on the occasion of the succession of Dr. Mill to the principalship in r68s. The other paper begins with a note of certain dates in the career of Dr. Adam Airay, and then proceeds to record the dates of the birthdays of the Principal's nephews and nieces, and of the birthdays and christenings. of the children of his nephew, Christopher.

I must also record with gratitude the gift that has been made

by Miss B. L. Lefroy of a Register which her uncle, Dr. Magrath, the late Provost of Queen~s, had prepared of all known members of the Hall down to the year 1887. The Register is a remarkable testimony to the indefatigable patience of the Provost as an antiquary and of his deep interest in the history of the Hall. The name of each member of the Hall is written in the Provost's neat hand on a separate slip, together with brief biographical details drawn from Foster's Alumni Oxonienses. The slips are arranged according to the years of matriculation. There is besides an index book containing the names in alphabetical order. This MS. Register will prove of the ·greatest use if, as I very much hope, a printed Historical Register of members of the Hall is some day published. Miss Lefroy has also made it possible for me to secure from the Provost's library copies of certain editions of Hearne's works that we needed to make our collection complete.

The most interesting gift of Liddon letters and MSS. which the Hall has received from the Misses King, nieces of Dr. Liddon, is described separately.

Including those acquired from the library of the late Provost of Queen's, the following are books of Aularian interest that have been presented to the Library during the year : From the Principal : CARPENTER, Nathaniel (matric. r6os). Achitophel, or the Picture of a Wicked Politician. 4to. Printed for M.S. r62g.

ATKYNS, Sir Robert, Knt. (matric. r663). The Ancient and Present State of Glocestershire. Folio. 2nd Edition. London, 1768.

KETTLEWELL, John (matt·ic. 1674). Of Christian Prudence, or Religious Wisdom; Not Degenerating into hreligious Craftiness in Trying Times. 8vo. London, 1691.

HEARNE, Thomas (matric. r6gs)- (r) Leland's Itinerary. gvols.

8vo. rst Edn. Oxford, I745· (2) The same. 2nd Edn. Oxford, 1745.

(3) De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea ]ohann1:s Lelandi. 6 vols.

8vo. rst Edn. Oxford, I7I5-

. l

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE (4) The same.

2nd Edn.

London, 1770.

(S) Gulielmi N e路u brigensis Historia. 3 vols . 8vo. Oxford, 1719.

(6) The History and Antiquities of Glastonbury. 8vo., large paper edn. Oxford, 1722. Lord Brabourne's copy, with autograph note.

SHAW, Dr. Thomas (Principal, 1740-51). A SuppLem ent to a Book entiitded Trav els or Observations, &c . , wherein sam~ objections, lately made against it, are fully considered and answ e1路ed: with sev eral additional Remarks and Diss ertations.

Folio. Oxford, 1746.

DILLON, Dr. Robert C. (matric. 1813). The Lord Mayor'路s Visit to Oxford in the month of July, r 826. 8vo. London, 1826.

Inserted is a copy of the memoir of Dr. Dillon from The Church Maga zine路, October, 1830.

LIDDON, Dr. Henry Parry (Vice-Principal, 1859-62). Dr. Liddon's Tour in Egypt and Palestine in r886, being letters descriptive of the tour written by his sister, Mrs . King. 2nd Edn. London, 1891.

From the Misses King: LIDDON, Dr. Henry Parry (Vice-P rincipal, 1859-62). Die Gottheit unseres H errn und H eilandes J esu Christi. 8vo. Basel, 1883. The German Translation of Dr. Liddon's Bampton Lectures.

ORONHYATEKHA, Dr. Peter, Chief of the Six Nations (matric.

1862). History of the Independent Order of Foresters. 8vo.

Toronto, 1894.

From Miss E. Heurtley : LIDDON, Dr. Henry Parry (Vice-Principal, 1859-62). The Christian Year, by the Rev'. John Keble , M.A . With the Collects and a Series of Meditations and Exhortations, selected by permission from the works of the Rev. Henry Parry Liddon, D.D., D. C.L. Edited by 'Pilgrim.' 8vo. London; n.d.

A.B. E .

PONTIGNY.

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N the Magazine for 1928 attention was drawn to the appeal for funds that . had been made by the Cure of Pontigny for the restoration of the roof of the beautiful Cistercian Abbey Church in which the body of St. Edmund of Abingdon lies enshrined. Offertories have been taken in Chapel for this purpose and a few contributions received from Aularians, with the result that it has been possible for the Hall to make a donation of 6oo fran cs to the

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Reparation Fund of the Abbey. The following letter has been received in acknowledgment of this donation : Pontigny (Yonne), le 29 Octobre, 1930.

Au Reverend Mr. R. F. W. Fletcher, Chaplain de St. Edmund Hall, Oxford.

REVEREND ETCHER MONSIEUR LE CHAPELAJN,

Votre lettre, en date du 27 courant, contenant la somme de six ¡ cents francs, don des meinbres de St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, envers le reparation de !'antique Eglise Abbatiale de Pontigny, vient de m'etre remise.

Je me fais a Ia fois un devoir et un plaisir de venir vous prier de remen;:ier au nom de Sa Grandeur Monseigneur 1' Archeveque de Sens et au mien les genereux contributions de ce don, si apprecie dans les circonstances actuelles. Que Dieu, par St. Edme, les en benisse et le leur rende au centuple.

Veuillez, Monsieur le Chapelain, agreez ici, pour vous et pour tous les chers donateurs, !'assurance et !'expression de mes meilleurs sentiments et de nos plus cordiales prieres au Tombeau de notre illustre Patron, St. Edme.

T. M. AUBIN, ptre. S..S.E., Sup: et gardien de Reliques de St. Edme.

APUD LONDINENSES. N the occasion of the Reunion Dinner, 1929, a London branch of the Aularian Association was constituted. Sir Mark Hunter, the Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harper and Mr. J. B. Allan consented to form the Committee. A very enjoyable reunion of London Aularians was arranged for the evening of Monday, March 3, 1930, when an informal dinner was held at the R endezvous Restaurant, Dean Street, Soho. The Prinicipal and the Rev. R. F. W. Fletcher came down from Oxford to be present. The Aularians who came were Mr. J. B. Allan, the Rev. C. J. Beresford, the Rev. F. G. Croom, Sir Mark Hunter, Mr. H. C. Ingle, the Ven. W. K. Knight-Adkin, Mr. C. Lummis, the Rev. T. G. Mohan, the Rev. E. A. Phillips, the Rev. R. H. O'Donovan, Mr. J. F. A. Porter, the Rev. P. G. Reddick, the Rev. F. N. Robathan, Mr. J. W. L. Symes, the Rev. R. ¡ S. 0. Tayler, the Rev. Austin H. Thompson, the Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harpur, Mr. W. R. Warner and the Rev. H. A. Wilson. It is to be hoped that this gathering will form aprecedent.

A.B. E.

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THE REUNION, 1930.

H E Eighth Reunion of old members took place on Tuesday, July 1st, 1930. After Evensong in Chapel dinner was served in the Dining Hall. There were present at the dinner :-The Right Rev. Bishop Wild (formerly Vice-Principal), the Rev. Professor L. Hodgson (formerly Vice-Principal}, Capt. E. C. Priestle) (formerly Tutor), the Rev. W . L. Martin, the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, the Rev. J. M . Ford, the Rev. R. S. 0. Tayler, the Rev. K. M. Ffinch, the Rev. C. W. Fullmer, the Rev. W. G. Boys Johnston, the Rev. A. C. Hair·, the Rev. W. E. Harden, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, Mr. H. N. ffarington, the R ev. C. W. Fisher, the Ven. F. W. M. Hamerton, the Rev. A. F . J. Danneman , the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. P. A. W. Skinner, the Rev. R. Shepheard, the Rev. D. Armytage, the Rev. L. H. Coles, Mr. C. D. Walker, Mr. C. Karn, the Rev. W. A. Congdon, Mr. R. Sayle, the Rev. S. A. Howard, Mr. H. C. Ingle , Mr. G. J. O'Connor, the Rev. H. H. Vickers, the Rev. E. L. Millen , Mr. A. E. Ellis, Mr. A. B. Hodgson, Dr. M. M . K nappen, Mr. E . G. Price, the Rev. G. Sayle, Mr. J. F. Bleasdale, Mr. D. E Havergal, Mr. R. L. Hill , the Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harpur, the Rev. R. L. Franks, Mr. P. J. Sandison and the Rev. R. F. Yates.

The R ev. Professor L. Hodgson (Vice-Principal, 1914-1919) , proposing the toast Floreat Aula, said that it gave him peculi.a r pleasure to be back in England at such an opportune time , and he warmly appreciated the honour the Principal had done him in inv iting him to propose the t a;ast of the evening. In reminiscent mood, Professor Hodg·son spoke of his own association with the Hall in difficult times. There were, he said, material improvements on a surprising scale to be noted by any son of the Hall returning afte r a period of absence. The Hall, he said, combined traditions of religion .and learning in a manner which was perhaps unique among academic societies. The value of this could hardly be overestimated. The call for men willing to devote themselves to ChriS·· tian service was never more insistent than to-day. In the past, members of the Hall had responded nobly. He felt sure the Hall would continue to send out men, the value of whose work in the world would be immeasurably enhanced because of their allegiance to the traditions of w hich he had spoken.

The Principal, responding, welcomed Bishop Wild, Professor Hodgson and Captain · Priestley. They all regretted the absence of the Bishop of Carlisle, who had other engagements, and of the

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Bishop of Sherborne, who had hoped to be present up to the very last moment. The Principal w ent on to welcome the Vice-Principal and Mr. H. J. Hunt, who w ere attending their first Aularian gathering. He said that members would be very sorry that the Senior Tutor was prevented by illness from being present. He was glad, however, to report that Mr. Brewis, who had recently undergone a serious operation, was making a good recovery. They would not be surprised to learn, since it was typical of him, that Mr. Brewis on the very eve of his operation had insisted upon correcting papers for undergTaduates who had an important examination impending.

The Principal said that he was sure all those present would be glad that they were meeting this year at their proper headquarters.

The holding of the Reunion in London last year, successful as it had been, was dictated by circumstances : he well knew that members felt that Oxford should be the normal meeting place.

Reviewing events of the year, the Principal said that it had been a notably successful one. The undergraduates of the present generation were exceedingly jealous of the prestige of the Hall in the University, and their performance in the Schools was, as Aularians who had read the Magazine already knew, deserving of high praise.

The Hall Clubs, too, were in a very flourishing condition and had given a very good account of themselves. The Ho~key XI had won its way into the Final of the Inter-College Cup-Tie. The 1-J;tll had won the Inter-College Rugby Seven-a-side Tournament.

This year the Boat Club had entered a crew for the Senior Clinker Fours. They won their first two races against Hertford and New College and reached the semi-final, in which they were beaten by Wadham in a close race. The Principal then came to the Eight (applause). Well, they had made seven bumps, and this was a feat which 1-iad only been accomplished four times before in the whole history of Eights. Telegrams of congratulation from all parts had poured in from Aularians; in the Hall, of course, this achievement had been celebrated in appropriate fashion. A most successful Bump Supper had been held in the Quadrangle, and, the Principal added, in spite of the presence there of accessories so tempting as scaffolding no damage was done. The Boat was now in the Second Division, and, while he would make no prediction as to next year, he would remark that most of the members of the victorious crew would still be in residence.

Continuing, the Principal said that n1embers of the Association had almost come to expect, each time they met, some account of

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new building developments. But on this occasion he could only record the undertaking of very necessary restorations to the facade and interior of the Chapel. Of the needs of the Chapel organ he would have something further to say at the General Meeting. An account, with accompanying illustrations, of the most interesting discoveries made in the Vice-Princip~l's study during the previous Long Vacation had already appeared in the Times and in the Hall Magazine.

In conclusion, the Principal said that he hoped that before the next Reunion the Hall would have emerged on to the High.

After dinner the Annual General Meeting of the Association was held in the Dining Hall.

On Wednesday morning at 8. 30 there was a celebration of Holy Communion in the Chapel.

R. SAYLE.

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION. HE Executive Committee met in the Principal's Lodgings at 4.30 p.m. on Tuesday, July rst, r930. The following members were present :-The Principal (in the Chair), the Rev. Professor D. · C. Simpson, the Rev. Duncan Armytage, the Rev. C. \iV. Fisher, Mr. H. C. Ingle, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. F. McGowan, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, the Rev. R. S. 0. Tayler, Mr. C. D. Walker and Mr. Robert Sayle (Hon. Secretary).

The Annual " General Meeting was held in the Hall after the Reunion Dinner on the same evening . . The President took t he Chair.

After the minutes of the previous meeting had been read and confirmed, the President said that as Mr. Allan, the Hon. Treasurer, was unavoidably absent it fell to him to present the Treasurer's Annual Report. The accounts of the Association had been ;;tudited, as in previous y"ears, by Mr. Ingle and showed a credit balance of £ro3 r2s. 3d. A statement was submitted to the meeting -and the motion 'that the accounts be accepted ' was unanimously agreed to. Speaking on behalf of the Treasuret-, the President said that the most important item he wished to bring before the meeting under the head of finance was a proposal which had been discussed at the afternoon meeting of the Executive Committee. The Committee felt that the present method of collecting· subscriptions was not entirely satisfactory. Bankers' Orders were available, it was true, but there seemed to be reluctance on the part of some members to use them. It was thought that a large numbe1· would value

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the opportunity of compounding once and for all, if a suitable arrangement for composition subscriptions could be arrived at.

The President reported that the following scale had been adopted by the Committee : For members over 6o : £3 os. od. (Magazine £I os. od., Association £z os. od. ).

For members over 45 and under 6o: £4 os. od. (Magazine £1 6s. Sd., Association £z 13s. 4d.).

For members under 45 : £5 ss. od. (Magazine £z zs. od., Association £3 3s. od.).

He said that he had tested the feeling of younger members on this matter at the last ' going down ' dinner and that twenty-four out of thirty present had expt·essed themselves in favour of such a scheme. It would be noted that no provision was made for the Activities Fund in the Composition Subscription, but the President saw no reason why the Fund should suffer in consequence, since the interest of members would be kept alive by the Magazine.

Moreover, it was now the policy of the Committee to bring to the notice of the General Meeting each year some definite object to which it was proposed to allocate a sum from the Activities Fund.

The President said that for his part he would have no difficulty in finding objects worthy of the Committee's consideration. This year it had been decided to earmark the sum of £so or thereabouts towards the cost of restoring the Chapel organ.

The meeting then proceeded to the election of Officers and Committee. Professor L. Hodgson (Vice-Principal 1914-I919) and the Rev. J. \N. C. Wand (Dean of Oriel) were unanimously elected Vice-Presidents of the Association.

The President proposed the re-election of Mr. J. B. Allan as Hon. Treasurer and Mr. Robert Sayle as Hon. Secretary, and this was carried. The retiring members of Committee under Rule 9 were the Rev. C. W. Fisher and the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene representing the period I895- 1904. These me~bers were unanimously re-elected.

The President said that he found it impossible at that stage to make any very definite proposal with regard to the date of the next Reunion. It seemed clear that a summer meeting presented difficulties to a number of members; on the other hand, a meetin;;· immediately before the beginning of Trinity Term-in accordance with previous custom- meant some readjustment of the present arrangements at the Hall for the Exhibition Examinations. It was therefore decided to leave the matter for a later announcement.

R. SAYLE.

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The date of the next Reunion has been fixed for Thursday, June 25th, 1931, that is, the Thursday in Commemoration Week.

A.B. E.

IN PARTIBUS CARIOLENSIBUS. NDETERRED by a summer of Conferences, the Bishop of Carlisle and Mrs. Williams arranged for a gathering of the Aularian clan settled in the diocese to meet at Rose Castlt 111 September.

The Principal came up for the occasion Being called upon for a speech after dinner, the Principal expressed the pleasure which these pet¡iodical gatherings give, and essayed the task of telling those present some news of the Hall that they had not already gleaned day by clay in their vigilant search for Hall news in the press. The Bishop celebrated Holy Communion in the Chapel of the Castle on the followin g morning.

After breakfast the fourth of these very plea sant gatherings of the clan dispersed.

There were present the Rev. H. M. Ain scow, the Rev. R. H. H awkins, Mr. R. Sayle, the Rev. C. Williams, the Rev. J. B. Wood, the Rev. W. E. Lambeth, the Rev. F. J. Buckle, the Rev. E . T. H. Godwin, the Rev. M. D. Grieve, the Rev. H. H. Vickers, Mr. J. F. Hopkinson, and the Rev. H. W. Palmer.

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A.B. E.

OBITUARY. EDWIN GEORGE ROSS WATERS. It is with deep regret that we have to record the death, after a long illness, of Edwin George Ross Waters, Professor of Romance Languages in the University of Oxford, aged 39¡ His connexion with the Hall was a long-standing one. He matriculated as a member of the Hall in 1907, but migrated to Keble College in the following year on winning a scholarship there.

When on returning to Oxford after four years of V\Tar service he resumed his Taylorian Lectureship in Modern Languages, he also became Lecturer of the Hall in French. In 1927 he gave up all tutorial work on his appointment to the chair of Romance Languages in succession to Professor Studer.

The reputation of Professor Waters among Rom ance scholars and his conspicuous erudition as a philologist have been widely appreciated. Thanks to his never-failing patience and industry as . well as to the love and genius he brought to his work, memorials of his scholarship remain in his Historical French Reader (1924),

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,published m collaboration with Professor Studer, and his AngloNorman Voyage of Saint Brendan (1928). All members of the Hall who had the privilege of reading under his able and amiable guidance will readily join in a more personal act of homage to his memory. Invaluable as a lecturer to all Modern Language students engaged in exploring the tangled undergrowth of French philology made lucid and attractive by his patient and illuminating exposition, his popularity as a tutor was even more marked. Unsparing in effort, shrewd in his estimate of ability and character, kindly and human in the interest he showed in his pupils, a lasting friend long after their individual Schools were forgotten, his gifts as a tutor commanded admiration and gratitude. By his untimely death the Modern Language School at Oxford has sustained a very gnevous loss.

H.J.H. ROBERT STEWART KIDGELL BLUCKE. The Rev. Robert Stewart Kidgell Blucke, M.A., Rector of Monxton, Hampshire, died on March 19, ag·ed 7 r. He was the eldest son of the Rev. W. S. Blucke, of \Villoughby, Leicestershire. He entered the Hall as Organist Exhibitioner in Michaelmas Term, 1876. He was Captain of Boats 1878-9. He graduated B.A. in r882, and was ordained deacon and priest in the following year. His first curacy was at St. John's, Ladywciod, Birmingham.

From there he went, as curate, to Fontmell, Dorset, in 1885, and four years later to Shenton, Leicestershire. In 1892 he was appointed Rector of Bradden, Northamptonshire; after three years there, he accepted the rectory of Compton-Abbas, Dorset, and in 1901 he became Rector of Iwerne Courtney, in the same county, combining with it the rectory of Steepleton Iwerne to which he was appointed in 1902. He resigned his benefices in 1916 in order to become a Temporary Chaplain to the Forces. In August, 1919, he was mentioned by the Secretary of State for va1uable services rendered in connexion with the War. He became Rector of Monxton, near Andover, in 1920.

EUSTACE HAVERGAL. The Rev. Eustace Havergal, M.A., died at St. Mary's Vicarage, Leicester, on January 9, aged 73· He was the second son of the Rev. H. E. Havergal, M .A., and a grandson of the Rev. · W. H. Havergal, M.A., the church musician, a member of the Hall. He was for five years a solicitor before he entered the Hall in April, r88o. He was President of the Hall Debating Society in Hilary Term, r882. After reading for Honours in Modern History

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE he graduat ed B.A. in 1883, and M.A. in 1886. H e was ordained deacon in 1883 to the curacy of Eltham, Kent, and priest in the following year. In 1885 he became curate of SS. Peter and Paul, Upper Teddington, and from there moved to a curacy at St. George's-, R a msgate, in 1887. After' three years at Ramsgate, he went for two years as curate to Belvedere, Kent, and then to St. Stephen's, Lewisham. In 1900 he was appointed Vicar of F eckenham with Astwood Bank, Worcestershire , and after being t here eight years he moved to the rectory of Kinwarton with Great Alne, in Warwickshire. From Kinwarton he went to Middlezoy, Somerset, as Vicar in 1903, and on his retirement from that benefice in 1913 he accepted the p erpetual curacy of Stock Gaylard, Dorset.

In 1922 he went to Cambridge as curate of St. Giles', being desirous of giving all the ministerial assistance that his advancing years would allow. From 1925 to 1927 he assisted at Holy Trinity, Taunton. In 1927 he returned to Cambridge for a year. In 1928 he was helping at All Saints', Weston-super-Mare; and in 1929 he went to St. Mary's, Leicester. His brother, the Rev. Ernest Havergal, and his neph ew , Mr. D. E. Havergal, are both members of the Hall.

GEORGE RALPH PLANT. The Rev. George Ralph Pla nt, M.A., died at Dilhorne, Staffordshire, on January 17, aged 64. H e was the fifth son of the Rev. S. Plant, M .A. He entered the H all in Michaelmas T erm, 1884. He was obliged to give up reading the Honour School of Theology on account of eyesight. He graduated B.A. in 1887 and was ordained to the curacy of Wolstanton, Staffordshire, in the following year. He was ordained priest in 1889. In 1892 he accepted the curacy of Whitchurch ,- Salop, where he remained until 1898. In the latter year he became curate of ~r eston-on-T rent.

After holding the curacy of Childs' Ercall, Salop, for two years, he was appointed Vicar of Dilhorne, Staffordshire, in 1902. He early suffered f~om hereditary deafness, which isolated him from social life. His only son, an undergradua te of the Queen's College, was killed in a motor accident in 1927. He never, fully recovered from the shock occasioned to him by this loss. He retired from his benefice in 1929, but continued to live in Dilhorne until his <ieath.

FRANCIS ERNEST DEWICK. The Rev. Francis Ernest D ewick, M.A., died at the Rectory Cottage, Runnington, near W ellington, Somerset, on May 9 ¡ He was born on 23 December, 1849, in College Street, Islington.

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After considerable experience as a voluntary worker in Church organizations he decided to seek ordination, and with that object in view entered the University as a Non-Collegiate student. He migrated to the Hall in January, 1893, and proceeded to the degree of B.A. 路 in 1894He was ordained deacon by Dr. Bardsley, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1894, and priest in r895路 He was a member of the Bishop's Special Service Staff from 1894 to r896, and again from 18g8-r9oo. He was curate at Ulverton from 1896 to 1898. In 1goo he became Domestic Chaplain to Bishop Bardsley, and continued in that post until the Bishop's death in 1904. He combined with his duties as Chaplain the care of the parish of Raughton Head with Gaitsgill, where he remained as Vicar until 1909. In that year he moved to Lindale-in-Cartmel, of which place he was priest-in--charge for ten years. On his retirement in 1919 he went to live at Runnington; he continued, however, until recently to give help by taking temporary duty in different parts of the country.

WILLIAM ALMAIR HEDLEY PARKER. The Rev. William Almair Hedley Parker, M.A., died at Tunbridge \iVells on November 8, aged 55路 He was born in St. Vincent, British West Indies. He entered the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1894, and after reading the Honour School of Theology graduated B.A. in 1897. He was President of the J.C.R. in 1897.

He was ordained deacon in 1898 and priest in r899. His first curacy was at Heavitree, Devon; from there he went to Stoke Damerel in the same county. In 1902 he went out to India as a Chaplain on the Indian Ecclesiastical Establishment, and for the next twenty-six years he held chaplaincies in various parts of the dioceses of Ma<dras and Calcutta. From 1902 to 1904 he was at South Blacktown, in 1905 at Coimbatore, from 1905 to 1906 at St. George's Cathedral, Madras, from 1907 to 1909 at Secunderabad, and from 1909 to 1910 at Bellary. In 191 r he was transferred to the diocese of Calcutta as Chaplain of St. James's, Calcutta. From 1912 to 1914 he was at Kidderpore, and from 1916 to 1917 at Dum-Dum; from 1917 to 1918 at St. John's, Calcutta, from 1918 to 1921 at Kasauli. He was made a Canon of Calcutta Cathedral in rg2o. From 1921 to 1922 he was Chaplain at Patna., from 1922 to 1923 at St. Thomas's, Calcutta, and from 1923 to 1924 he was back at St. James's. In 1924 he went as Chaplain to Darjeeling, and was acting as Archdeacon of Calcutta until 1925, in which year he returned to Patna, where he remained until his retirement in 1927. Not the least important of the 路m any services for which

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

27

he will he gratefully remembered in the Diocese of Calcutta is his founding of the Calcutta Diocesan Record, of which he was the first editor. After his , return to England he was appointed Rector of South Pickenham, Norfolk. His son, Mr. R. M. Parker, is a member of the Hall.

A.B.E.

UT FAMA EST. At the Lambeth Conference the Bishop of Carlisle was a member of the Committee on the Christian Doctrine of God, and th ~ Bishop of Sherborne was a Secretary to the Committee on the Ministry of the Church.

The Bishop of Carlisle has been appointed a m ember of the Archbishops' Commission on the relations of Church and State.

The Bishop of Sherborne may be sure of the sympathy of all Aularians in the loss which he has sustained by the death of his father, the Rev. T. K. Allen, M.A., form erly Rector of vVeyhill and Rural Dean of Andover, who died at Salisbury on January 15.

The congratulations of the Hall are due to Sir Ernest N .

Bennett, M.P. (Vice-Principal r893-5), on his receipt of the honour of Knighthood. Sir Ernest has been appointed a member of the Archbishops' Commission on the relations of Church and State.

The R ev. Canon Ollard (Vice-Principal 1903-13) is to be congratulated on the completion of the scholarly edition of Archbishop Herring's Visitation R eturns, York Dioces e, r743, which he has prepared with the Rev. P . C. Walker for the Yorkshire Archaeological Society.

The .Rev. Professor L. Hodgson (Vice-Principa l 1914-19) is to be congratulated on the publication of his Essays in Christian Philosophy and on the favourable reviews that it has received.

The Rev. G. Basil Jones (Chaplain and Tutor 1919-20), Warden of the Church Hostel, Bangor, has been appointed Rector of South Luffenham, Rutland.

The R ev. H. M. Ainscow has been appointed Vicar of St. Michael and All Angels', Blackburn.

The Rev. L. C. Baber has been a ppointed curate of St. Saviour's, Brockley Rise, S.E.23.

Mr. H . A. Barnes-Lawrence was m a rried at St. John 's Church, Cambridge Square, on June 14, to Miss Stephanis Xavier de Bibadh KosM, third daughter of H .E. the late Phya Bibadh Kosha, Siamese Envoy to Italy and Spain, and the late Lad.v Bibadh Kosha:

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE The Rev. G. H. Bateman, C.F., who has returned to England after six years' service at Valetta, Malta, has been appointed to Hounslow Barracks.

The Rev. F. M. Beddow has been appointed Vicar of St. George's, Millom, Cumberland.

The Rev. L. O'S. Beere is Assistant Priest at Paik Chun, Corea.

The Bishop of Bermuda attended the Lambeth Conference and was a member of the Committee on the Life and \i\Titness of the Christian Community.

The Rev. K. C. Bickerdike, Rector of St. Paul's, Shadwell, has been appointed Chaplain to the Training Ship ' Lady Quirk.'

Mr. W. H. M. Branston has been appointed an assistant master at King Edward VI School, Nuneaton.

Mr. E. P. Brice is to be congratulated on proceeding to the degree of B. Mus. The Rev. N. K. Brownsell has been appointed to a curacy at St. Luke's, Bromley, Kent.

The Rev. F. Buchanan has been appointed an assistant priest at Brighouse, Yorks.

The Rev. C. E. Burkitt, Vicar of St. David's, Exeter, has been appointed Rural Dean of Christianity.

The Rev. H. W. Butterworth has been appointed Vicar of Cowling, near Keighley, Yorks.

The Rev. A. S . Chandler has been appointed curate at Windsor Parish Church.

Mr. H. Cloke has been appointed an assistant master at Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham.

The Rev. G . P. Cooper has been appointed Rector of Landulph, near Saltash.

The Rev. E. C. Corfe, lately Canon and Precentor of Truro Cathedral, has been appointed Canon Emeritus of Truro Cathedral.

The Rev. T. H. Croxall has been appointed Civil Chaplain of Cawnpore.

The Rev. P. Cunningham is to be congratulated on his appointment as an Honorary Canon of \i\Tinchester Cathedral.

The Rev. Canon A. C. Davis has been appointed Rector of Abington, N orthants.

Mr. N. Dawson has been appointed Senior English Master at King Edward VI School, Nuneaton.

The Rev. F. J. Fish has been appointed a Chaplain on the Indian Ecclesiastical Establishment and is at Lahore.

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Mr. J. \i\1. Ford was married on June 24 at Sandal Church by the Rev. E. Royle to Miss Vera Hall Chalker, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Chalker, of Medindie, Sandal. Mr. ]. B. Allan was best man.

Mr. R. S. Foster has been appointed Deputy-Director of Education, Uganda.

The Rev. J. D. Fox has been appointed to a curacy at St. John's, East Dulwich.

Mr. N. Frangiscatos, who is practising at a barrister in Athens, was in England this summer, briefed in an important case before the High Court.

The Rev. R. M. French has been appointed Vicar of St. James's, W. Hampstead.

The Rev. E. T. H. Godwin has been appointed assrstant priest of Christ Church, Carlisle.

Mr. S. N. Godfrey has been appointed Assistant Director of Education, Ceylon.

The Rev. ]. D. H. Grinter has been appointed Rector of Great Henny and Little Henny, Essex.

Mr. G. E. H. Grigson was married on July 1, 1929, to Miss Frances Franklin Galt, second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Galt, of Vandeventer Place, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A. The Rev. W. L. Guyler has returned to England from Canada and has been appointed assistant .priest at St. Botolph's, Lincoln, in charge of St. Katharine's and All Saints'.

The Rev. L. W. Hart has been appointed Rector of E. Harling, Norfolk.

Mr. M. M. Hawes was married on October 28 to Miss Joan Willis at Filey parish church.

The Rev. T . D. C. Herbert, C. F., is stationed at Imtarfa Barracks, Malta, where he relieved the Rev. G. H. Bateman, also an Aularian.

Mr. A. B. Hodgson has been appointed an assistant master at Christ's Hospital.

The Rev. D. E. M. G. Jones has been appointed to a curacy at Aberdovey, Merionethshire.

The Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, Rector of Huntsham, has been appointed Rural Dean.

Dr. M. M. Knappen has been appointed an Assistant Professor of English History at the University of Chicago.

Mr. G. W. Knight is to be congratulated on the appearance of The Wheel of Fire, a volume of Shakespearean studies, publish ~d by the Oxford University Press.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Mr. J. M. Knowles has been appointed an assistant master at Kinmel School, N. Wales.

Mr. E. C. Lamb has been appointed an assistant master at Bromsgrove School.

Mr. G. P. W. Lamb has been appointed to the staff of the Deutscher Handlungsgehilfen Verband.

The Rev. W. E. Lambeth has been appointed Vicar of Holy Trinity, Carlisle.

The Rev. W. J. Lancaster has been appointed curate of Chorley Parish Church.

The Rev. H. Livesey has joined the staff of St. Martin's-in-theFields.

Professor F. G. Marcham is to be congratulated on his appointment to the Chair of English History at Cornell University.

The Bishop of Malmesl:.ury attended the Lambeth Conference and was a member of the Committees on ' The Life and Witness of the Christian Community ' and on ' Youth and its Vocation.'

Mr. V. W. Miles is to be congratulated on the birth of a son, born on July r.

The Rev. B. P. Mohan was married on January I I at Christ Church, Clifton, to Miss Alice Beatrice Dickinson, daughter of Capt. and Mrs. Murray Dickinson.

The Rev. A. R. H. Morris has gone to New Zealand and is Vicar of Te Karaka, Poverty Bay. The Rev. H. W. Palmer has been appointed curate of St. John Baptist's, Upperby, Carlisle.

The Rev. T. E. R. Phillips is to be congratulated on being awarded the Goodacre Medal and Gift of the British Astronomical Association, in recognition of his work generally for the Association and particularly of his observations and researches on Jupiter.

Mr. Phillips has been President both of the Royal Astronomical Society and of the British Astronomical Association.

Mr. F. E. Ray has been appointed Assistant Professor o~ Chemistry at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. The Rev. P. G. Reddick has been appointed Vicar of St. Saviour's, Herne Hill.

The Rev. E. Reid, Vicar of Harberton, is to be congratulatecl on his appointment as a Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral.

The Rev. F. H. Robbs has been appointed a Tutor of the Diocesan Theological College, Montreal. He sailed for Canada in September.

The Rev. E. Royle has been appointed a Priest-Vicar of Southwark Cathedral.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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The Rev. H. J. A. Rusbridger has been appointed curate of Northam with Westward Ho, N. Devon.

Mr. R. Sayle is to be congratulated on his appointment as Headmaster of The Nelson School, Wigton, Cumberland.

The Rev. F. S. W. Simpson has been appointerl curate of St. Peter's, Earley.

Mr. \V. H. Taylor is at Jeanes School, Kabete, Kenya.

The Rev. E. H. Tupper, Vicar of Mortlake and E. Sheen and Rural Dean of Richmond and Barnes, has been appointed Vicar of Wimbledon and Rural Dean of Wimbledon.

The Rev. C. N. Wardle-Harpur was married at St. Nicholas's Church, Islip, on April 23, to Miss Cecily Ruth Ballard, daughter of the late Mr. Adolphus Ballard and Mrs. Ballard.

Mr. and Mrs. Gerard N. T. Widdington are to be congratulated on the birth of Peter Nigel on June 2.

The Rev. J. B. Wood has been appointed Rector of Holme Cultram, Cumberland.

The following Aularians living abroad have been in England this year :- Mr. H. A. Blair (Gold Coast), Mr. A. R. Clark (Gambia), Mr. D. K. Daniels (Tanganyika), Mr. S. N. Godfrey (Ceylon), the Rev. G. Green (Australia), Mr. R. L. Hill (Sudan), Mr. C. R. Hiscocks (Canada), Mr. M. M. Knappen (U.S.A.), the Rev. T. G. Le Mesurier (S. Africa), Mr. E. G. Price (China), Mr. F. G. Phillips (Canada), Mr. P . J. Sandison (Sudan), Mr. R. E. Walker (Gold Coast). vVe have gathered the following particulars concerning those . Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the Magazine: W. V. Brelsford has taken up his duties as a cadet in the Colonial Administrative Service and is stationed at Chilanga, N. Rhodesia.

R. vV. Britton has been appointed to the staff of the English Institute, Prague. ]. M. C. Clayton has taken a temporary post at Belmont HousP School, Blackheath.

A. J. Fyfe has ;;ailed for Malaya to take up forestry duties.

H. F. Green has been appointed to the staff of the Asiatic Petroleum Company and sailed for Hong-kong in the middle of November.

L. W. Hanson has qualified for the degree of B. Litt. with a thesis on the subject of ' The Tory¡ Party in the reign of George I.' A. vV. Henderson has been appointed to the staff of the AngloMexican Oil Company, and sailed for Havana, Cuba, in September.

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T. C. Heritage has been appointed an assistant master at Chesterfield Grammar School.

J . N. C. Holland is at Westcott House, Cambridg-e.

W. Johnson has been appointed as assistant master at Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham.

S. F . S. Li has returned to China.

N. C. Moses is at Newport, Monmouthshire, studying to become a solicitor.

K. A. Muir has been appointed a Lecturer on the staff of the Training College, York.

F. R. H . Murray is fulfilling the conditions of his Laming¡ Travelling Fellowship by studying in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. \N. R. Niblett has been appointed an assistant master at Doncaster Grammar School.

T. V . Nic holson has been appointed to a Traffic Apprenticeship in the L.N.E.Ry. K. C. Oliver, who goes to vVestcott House, Cambridge, in January, has been spending the interval at the Oxford and Bermondsey Club.

H. E. Pegg has been appointed an assistant master at the English S chool, Cairo.

R. S. Robinson has been appointed an assistant master at Monkton Combe School.

M. H. Smith h as migrated to St. John's College as Organ Scholar.

A. E. A . Sulston is at Cudd esdon College.

J. L. Tadman ha s been appointed to the Colonial Audit Department of the Colonial Office.

R. C. Thomas has been appointed an assistant master at St. Geo rge's School, N . Foreland.

R . H. Thorne has been appointed an assistant master at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield. â&#x20AC;˘ F. H. Trott has been appointed to a post on the staff of Lloyd's Bank and is at Bristol.

E. R. Welles is at the General Theological Seminary, New York.

During the course of the ye~r the followin g Aularians have been ordained :D eacons . - L. C. Baber (Southwark), N. K . Brownsell (Rochester), A. S. Chandler (Oxfor,d), D . E. M. G. Jones (Ban-

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gor), ]. N. Keeling (Manchester) , \V. J. Lancaster (Blackburn), H. \V. Palmer (Carlisle).

Pries ts.- Rev. S. A. C . Dickins (Exeter), Rev. J . D. Fox (Southwark), Rev. R. L. Hordern (\Vakefield), Rev. F . A. J. Lamb (Dublin), Rev . G . Sayle (York), Rev. I. F. F. Webb (Newcastle).

SOCIETIES, 1930.

THE DEBATING SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 193 0.

President-E. R. WELLES. Vice-President-W. V. REY NOLDS. Secretary- ].

R. HAYSTON.

The Society enjoyed a delightfully pleasant and successful t erm.

The average attendance, about thirty, is but one Indication of the way in w hich the Society maintained the lofty tradi tions of the past..

An innovation, in the form of chocolates, met with an all too prompt and (clare it be confessed?) voracious approval.

A decidedly international flavour cha racterised the first meeting.

The Presid ent, the first two speakers, and the motion were all more than reminiscent of the United States. Although the Grand Patriarch ' s suggestion that 'one of the Cornish Choughs in the arms of the Society should be replaced by an American Eagle, and that a sta r should be placed at the intersection of the arms of the cross ' was not accepted, the presence of the Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes on the wall at the back of the platform did much to produ ce the desired effect. A. W . Read (Iowa, U.S .A.) proposed the motion ' that the production and sale of intoxicating beverages should be prohibited by law.' E. R. Casady (Arizona, U .S.A. ) opposed. H . F. Green (England), ex-President, spoke third, and N. G. Fisher (England) spoke fou rth. After a hotly-contested debate the motion was carried by a scant two votes.

W. V. Reynolds emerged from the comfortable retirement of th e Vice-Presidential chair during the course of the second and third debates in order t o annihilate the arguments of those who proposed ' that day-school education is better than that of boarding s chools ' a nd ' that the increasing power of the press amounts to tyranny.' The effect of his brilli a nce upon the voting is seen in the fa ct that there were only four votes for the affirmative on each occasion .

Sha rp Practice provided an en joyable evening's diversion for those w ho a ttended the fourth meeting. The House approved of pyjamas for ladies, disagreed that sa usage and bad eggs make but

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a poor breakfast, and did not deplore the use of cosmetics. On the following Monday evening the Society was entertained at Ruskin College. The motion ' that this House reg-rets the rise of bureaucracy' was lost after a debate which, though interesting, failed to reach the high-water-mark of the preceding term's debate between the two Societies.

The sixth meeting furnished an instructive discussion on the motion 'that the United Empire Party fulfils a definite need in the present political situation.' E. C. R. Hadfield's able speech was noteworthy. During the early part of the meeting the President, on behalf of the Society, presented A. W. Henderson, the Grand Patriarch, with a pewter tankard, suitably inscribed, in grateful recognition of his long and distinguished service. Unlike his earlier contemporary, G. W . Thornhill, ex-Vice-President, the Grand Patriarch was not too overcome to improve the occasion with a speech . . At the last meeting the following officers for the Michaelmas Term were elected: J. M. Edmonds President, E. C. R. Hadfield Vice-President, and N . G. Fisher Secretary.

E . R.W .

MrcHAELMAS TERM.

President-]. M .

Vice-President-E. C. R. HADFIELD

EDMONDS.

S ecretary-N. G.

FrsHEH .

It was understood last term that no ex -President would be in residence, but W. V . Reynolds, ex-Vice-President, made a welcome reappearan ce and has throughout the term looked after the wellbeing of the Society and its traditions in the capacity of Grand Patriarch.

While in other corners of the University the lost Art of Debating is being mourned by all, this Society can record once more a most successful term. The attendance on these occasions exceedeJ forty and was at no time less than twenty, and although this was clue in part to the loyal support of the freshmen, it can be said that old members have remained with the Society in far greater numbers than in previous terms . At the fifth meeting of the term they were especially pro.m inent, and seemed quite ready to give definite opinion of the effect of ' co-education ' on ' posterity.'

The experiment of holding a ' Sharp Practice ' debate so early as the second debate of term was completely successful, and many gentlemen freshmen made excellent speeches, a practice they continued throughout the term. Subjects frivolous and serious were debated with equal ability.

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T h e Society at an early meeting expressed the desire to hold a debate with one of the women's colleg·es even aftet· ' deprecating the increasing competition between the sexes,' and so at the sixth meeting we had the pleas ure of entertaining, in the Dining Hall, members of Somerville College Debating Society. This was a most interesting debate, a fitting climax to the term, and m embers having decided first that ' improved methods of transport have retarded civilisation,' showed consistency of thought by refusing to ' prefer the Continental cafe to the British hearth . ' Although personal opinion may be somewhat out of pl ace , one could not help noticing and wondering a t F. J. Tackley 's knowledge of' hunting' and M. F. Jerrom's idea of' beauty . ' One must congratulate R . A. Sandison on his most interesting· and promising speech and thank him for stepping into the breach at such short notice.

It is to be regretted tha t N. G. Fisher, Secretary, found himself unable to stand for furth e r office at the end of term. His speech at this last debate in defence of the English Home will long b e remem bered as a model of elegant construction and wit.

At the last meeting of the term the following were elected as officers for the Hilary Term : E. C. R. H adfield President, L. L ieven Vice-Presid ent, and M. F. J errom Secretary.

J.M . E. ESSAY SOCIETY. HILAR Y TERM, I 9JO .

President-A.

J. PHILLIPS .

At the beginning of term the Society was brought to full strength by the election of four additional members . Meetings throughout the term were, in general, well attended, and a creditable interest maintained in the proceedings of the Society. The following essays were read : J an. 26. E. R. Welles : Birth Control.

Feb. 2. A. VI. R ead: J a nus, or the Future of our Speech. , 9· G. S. \ Vamsley : Some Fools. , r6. B. M. Forrest : Art for the Inart istic. , 2J. 0 . C . Trim by: There are more things in h eaven Mar. 2. W. R . Niblett : Criticism. , 9· The Vice-Principal : Botticelli.

Criticism of individual effort is not p ossible in this brief report.

Great care had obviously been expended on all the essays read. As a general criticism , it m ay be remarked t h at, with one or two exceptions, too much emphasis was laid upon subject-matter a lone, while

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE too little attention was paid to form. It was, pe rhaps, sometimes forgotten that the primary obj ect of the essayist is not merely to purvey information, but, in addition, to please his audience by charm and fluency of style. The majority of essays read were monuments of meticulous attention to detail and careful compilation of facts, and were entirely admirable in point of subject-matter. In some cases, however, there was a certain carelessness of expression and disregard for style which tended to mar the general effect.

Variety of subject-matter was. a marked characteristic of the essays of this session. E. R. Welles defended birth-control with no little vigour. A. vV. Read dealt with the differences between American and English speech, and prophesied eventual uniformity. G. S. Wamsley gave an account of the professional jester in fact and literature. B. l\1. Forrest sought criteria of judgment in the world of art. ' Ghosties and Ghoulies ' played a large part in 0. C. Trimby's essay. W. R. Niblett came to the eventual conclusion that the only criterion of judgment a literary critic can possess is ' a vital tradition of value judgments.' At the last meeting of the term the Vice-Principal kind ly consented to read a paper on Botticelli, illustrating< his points, as he proceeded, by the exhibition of prints and reproductions.

A. F. Colborn was elected President for Michaelmas Term.

A.J.P. MrcHAELMAS TERM.

President-A. F.

CoLBORN.

The papers this term by members of the- Essay Society divide roughly into two modes of treatment and matter. The first three w e re almost entirely philosophic, hypothetical and earnest. It may be that they were the reaction from the shock of finding Oxford stagnant and too real after a long vacation, but superficially exuberant with the young and self-conscious. These first essayists made a valiant attempt to bu r row towards new criteria of judgment and sustained some hard knocks undismayed. They were all sincere, defending themselves with more obstinacy than method, but not unimpress ive. The other three members, the searcher, the statistician and the mystic, coloured facts with their personality, and answere<;! particular questions rather than parried shrewd thrusts, in an atmosphere more scholarly than philosophic created by an uncommonly well informed exposition carefully handled.

On October 19, A. J. Phillips read an essay entitled 'Construction.' It was early in the term and the essayist carried half the Society with him, and exhorted the others to beware of illusory

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Id ealism, for he was in one of his most persuasive moods and employing d ie dialectic m ethod in his most characteristic manne r. He was striving towards the a ttainment of a positive conception of Truth and Untruth. The next week, in 'Philosophy is Environment,' E. R. Casady sketched the growth of philosophic thought as displayed in literature since the mediaeval period. As conditions had changed, so, he b elieved, the outlook h a d modified, if representative thoug ht in w riting could be regarded as a true reflection of each age, where inevitable phy's ical h a ppenings had decided the intellectual fate of each age. N. G. Fisher seemed to be hard pressed by forces demanding constant anCI unwilling attentio§.. H e called his essay 'The Insanity of Labour,' and warned the Society against s uch a hypothetical gratification as that Iield out by Carlyle as the reward of industry for its own sake. He would live in an educated comm unity served by machines , and working out its m ental not its physical destiny in its working life.

The n ew phase b egan w ith A. W . Read's talk on 'Per:sonal Bias in Dictionaries,' an interesting and amusing miscellany from Dr. Johnson 's Dictionary, but hardly calculated to enhance the great tal ker 's reputation. Chapter and verse were given for all ¡examples, which the Societ y examined at its leisure from the essayist's second editi on of John son's Dictionary. In his ' Ju stification of Nationalism ,' E. C. R. H adfield traced the g rowth of the domination of the C ity and its influence in accentuating the differences between p eoples. He would have a L eague of N ationalities, of homogeneous cultures, living as a world-empire with Free Trade between its members. The paper led to a discussion of the anomalous position of Russia a nd the validity of world F ree Trade. The essa y was an excellent example of closely-reasoned economics clearly set out. The sixtH week of t e rm and of mutual irritation is often called 'Hate W eek. ' L. Lieven in his essay on 'Creative Processes ' was hard put to it to say w hy such divergence of minds and characters had developed a fter the time of the man of Le Moustier. He interpreted our faults mystically as the transmig ration of t he Fallen Angels into Man after their exile from Heaven.

It was an unorthodox view but interes ting, and m embers of the Society were at once sensitive and a mused when they examined themselves as P ersonifications working th eir way back to salvation.

Mr. C . W . Wrenn visited the Society a t its last m eeting. H e had chosen 'Sounds and Symbols ' as his s ubject, and related letters and articula tions to show how they must g row together unconsciously. H e felt that spelling reformers would never agree in w riting down sound and that such a violation of the historical evolution

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of language was intensely to be deplored, though he was not very afraid of its ever being completed.

Mr. Wre-n n's spontaneous mastery of facts and his peculiar lucidity of expression combined to confirm the majority of the Society in their scribal conservatism.

For the Hilary Term, rg3o, A. W. Read was elected President.

A.F.C. THE JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, I930.

President-H. F.

GREEN.

Secretary-A. F.

CoLBORN.

Although the choice of plays for the term was not very happy, the Society spent some pleasant evenings. ' The Alchemist ' was found to be too long for leisurely reading at a sitting, and Lady Gregory's ' Hyacinth Halvey' short and unsatisfactory. Gilbert Murray's translation of the ' Bacchae 'was not read with very much attempt at interpretation or even with sufficiently fluent elocution.

Sheridan's 'Trip to Scarborough' provided the most amusing evening, and Tchehov's 'The Cherry Orchard ' gave some sort of contrast. Congreve's 'Love for Love' and Munro's 'At Mrs. Beam's ' -vvere the other plays read by the Society.

A. F. Colborn was elected President and W. W. J. Bolland Secretary for the Michaelmas Term.

H.F.G. MrcHAELMAS TERM.

President-A. F.

CoLBORN.

Secretary--V-I. W.

J.

BoLLAND.

There was not much laughter in the John Oldham Society this term, but a good deal more reading in character. Perhaps the make-up of the Society is more serious, or it may be, more probably, that it is less sensitive to subtle humour than other ages, but neither of the two comedies this term, ' Minna von Barnhelm ' of situation, and 'The Country Wife ' of situation and dialogue, was entirely successful. There was a good deal of dramatic tragedy in the air, and for the most part it was read sympathetically.

In Shaw's ' Doctor's Dilemma' the types were not well distinguished, for it was the first play of the term and difficult to appreciate in its less obvious implications, and in 'Minna vor: Barnhelm ' (Lessing) the play suffered from being misunderstood, badly translated and abridged. It was not till 'The Lady with a Lamp,' by Berkeley, that the Society got into its stride and sustained its interest till the encl. It was modern, it had a reputation, it needed every available member and the scene changed often. It was a successful play-reading.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZ I NE

3D

The arrangement of ' fhe Silver Tassie ' seemed to perplex the historians, and though read as well as could be expected, Sean O'Casey' s bitterness was felt rather than understood. There is a good deal of emotional preparation needed for a tragedy like ' The Silver Tassie,' and unseen reading will not suffice. Marlowe read well, probably because the Society did not expect ' Dr. Faustus' to be so interesting and had undergone a little of that preparation, as for Ibsen's 'Master Builder' read in the next week. Wychereley's 'Country Wife' finished an interesting term not very conspicuously. Very partial 'Emancipation of Youth' has brought about a lapse in the popularity of Restoration Drama, and only a few members were awake enough to smile over the wit and the scheming; the rest laughed only when they heard a relic of Elizabethan clowning.

The general impression of the term has been that there is in the Society m o re and more a desi re for contemporary plays, reflected in the choice for next term, but with fuller comprehension of their shameless overstatement, wit will come into its own again soon.

At the last meeting of term W. W . J. Bolland was elected President, and J. F. Cooke Secretary for the Hilary Term.

A.F.C. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY. MrcHAELMAS TEHM,

rg3o.

President-G. S. WAMSLEY. S ecretary-W. W. S. MAHCH. The Society gave a concert in the Dining Hall on Friday, October 31. Mr. M . W. Beresford, of Merton College, sang two groups of songs, the first being compositions by Mr. H. Murrill, of Worcester College, and the second by B. Seton. He was accompanied in these by the composers. Mr. D. F. Allen, of Magdalen College , and M. Du P. Cooper played a sonata for violoncello and pianoforte by Martini, and Mr. J. A. Sykes, of Balliol College, gave a short pianoforte rycital, which included a piece of his own composition.

It was disappointing that Mr. Beresford should have been suffering from an attack of laryngitis, but the splendid effort which he made to overcome this difficulty was greatly appreciated by the audience.

The programme was a very enjoyable one and particularly interesting as revealing the good work that is being done by undergraduate composers.

-Ill

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

It was hoped to give another concert on December 3, but owing to the indisp9sition of two of the performers this has had to be postponed until the Hilary Term.

Throughout the term a group of madrigal singers has been meeting for practices undet- the direction of the Secretary.

G.S.W. THE MAKERS. HILARY TERM, 1930.

President~B. M. FoRREST.

Secretary-A. W. READ. At the first of the three meetings Mr. J. Redwood Anderson read selections from his works to members and their guests, and made us all feel that philosophy and poetry are not irreconcilable enemtes.

We then had a talk on Folk-lore by Rev. Dr. E. 0. James, whose charm of exposition and wealth of knowledge on this subject kept us asking him questions until a very late hour.

The usual magazine meeting ended the term's activities. Reading each others' anonymous contributions, we found once more how hard it is to disguise one's character in one's literary compositions; all authors were easily guessed, and the evening passed pleasantly.

A. W . Read was elected President for Michaelmas Term, and E. C. R. Hadfield Secretary.

B.M.F. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-A. W.

READ.

Secretary-E. C.

R. HADFIELD.

During Michaelmas Term the Makers had four meetings, each of which proved to be well-attended, interesting, and provocative of discussion. The first guest speaker was Mr. Edward Thompson, Reader in Bengali, poet, novelist, and publicist on India, with the subject, ' The Poetry of Robert Bridges.' As a denizen of Boar's Hill with the late Laureate as a frequent guest, Mr. Thompson drew an intimate personal picture and then gave a critique of the poetry, with higher praise for the early work than for the Testament of Beauty.

At its second meeting the Society had the privilege of hearing Professor John Livingston Lowes, author of The Road to Xanadu, Pwfessor of English at Harvard University, and for this year holder of the Eastman Professorship at OxfOt-d. On the subject ' Inspiration, as the Poets see it,' Professor Lowe made clear that even in the most Romantic of the poets the affiatus in compositior manifests itself in painstaking labour.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

At a tea meeting Mr. Willard Connely, author of Bra~vny Wycherley a nd Director of the American University Union in London, visited from London, and in his capacity as an unofficial ambassador in Anglo-American relations spoke on ' The Interest of America in International Education.' He told of the numerous faciliti es for interchange of students, and indicated the advantages that accrue to both na tions therefrom . The dominan t element in American cultme, he pointed out tru_ly, is of English origin; and England and America have a profound sympathy in outlook that the shallow journalism of both countries belies. · During the last week of term the ·society held its usual ' Magazine Meeting ' for the reading of composition by members. The contributions displayed a wide range in subject-matter (from belletristic echoes of the Greek to incisive reflections on contemporary life), in form (poetry, essay, sketch, short story, fantasy), and perhaps in quality (although the standard was high). That the members entertained one another is the least that can be said.

A.W.R. THE ORDINANDS ' SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1930.

Chairman-A. E . A.

SuLSTON.

• during

Secretary-C. H .

SuTTON .

Although the papers read the term were more uniform in character than usu al, and historical treatment preponderated, the meetings were not lacking in variety or interest. The discussions were vivacious and ·prolonged.

A. D . Bailey sketched the development of Christian Socialism and concluded with allusions to modern problems.

The Vice-Principal introduced the subject of the Eastern Orthodox Church. His clear and interesting review of its history led him to a discussion of contemporary conditions 111 the Russian Church.

Dr. H. D. A. Major, Principal of Ripon Hall, in speaking on ' Som e aspects of the Sacraments practically considered ' threw much light upon the Sacrament of Holy Communion and suggested fresh lines of approach. The dramatic element in the rite was considered at length.

G. S. vVamsley read a paper on Christian Mysticism, and combined a short historical survey with a careful and critical consideration of mysticism and asceticism.

The Corporate Communions and Meditations were continued, as impo rtant features in the life of the Society. The Society ex-

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

presses its gratitude to its Vice-Presidents, the Vice-Principal and the Chaplain, for conducting them.

At the end of term a corporate contribution was made by the Society to the Liddon Exhibition Fund.

R. G. Cornwell was elected Chairman, and C. H. Sutton was re-elected Secretary for the two ensuing terms.

A.E. A.S. TRINITY TERM.

Chairrnan-R. G.

CoRNWELL.

Secretary-C . H.

SuTTON.

The principal meeting of the Ordinands' Society in Trinity Term, 1930, took place on Sunday, May 18, when the Rev. Father Bull, S. S. J. E., spoke on the South India Reunion Scheme. His paper was the more interesting in view of the fact that he had lately returned from a visit to India, where the need for uniting the Christian forces was impressed upon him. At the second meeting of the Society D. J. Cockle read a paper on 'Religious Orders within the Anglican Communion since the Reformation.' It was decided to change the name of the Society to the Liddon Society.

R.G.C. LIDDO:N SOCIETY. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Chairman-R . G.

CoRNWELL.

Secretary-C. H.

SUTTON.

The Society has had four meetings this term, the outside speakers being the Rev. F. W. Green, of Merton College, who gave a most interesting and provocative paper on ' Sacraments and Sacramentalism '; and the Principal of Wycliffe Hall, who dealt with ' Revelation.' Undergraduate papers were given by J. H. Torrens, who discussed the Lambeth Conference, and W. W. S. March, who caused considerable controversy on ' Art and Music in Worship .'

Attendance at all meetings has been consistent, and discussions have on each occasion continued till a late hour.

The Society owes a debt of thanks to the¡ Vice-President and the Rev. R. F. W. Fletcher for conducting meditations during the term. There have also been two Corporate Communions.

At! the last meeting of term H. S. 0. Wood was elected Chairman, and D. J. Cockle S ecretary for Hilary Term.

R.G.C.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

43

THE DIOGENES CLUB. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1930.

Secretary-G. S. WAMSLEY. President-E. C. R. HADFIELD. The followers of Diogenes entered upon their third term of organised existence with official recognition and a comprehensive list of subjects for discussion.

These meetings were held during Michaelmas Term: the first , when the subject for discussion was Conscientious Objection, showed clearly how little pacifism has affected the 'average man,¡ and how difficult it is to uphold a logical attitude with regard to war.

The Principal was kind enough to attend our second meeting, when the question, ' Should the unfit be permitted to live? ' was discussed. Individualist views were strongly held by many members, but others seemed willing to extend the power of the State over the lives of its citizens much further than is at p resent the case.

The last meeting considered the statement that sex is the central factor in human life. On the whole the Society agreed with the motion, opposition coming chiefly from those who objected to the looseness of definition which characterised some of the arguments put forward, and the impossibility of discovering the real cause of most of our impulses and feelings.

The Club, by providing a framework for the argumentive desires of its members, would appear to justify its existence and its name.

E.C.R.H .

CLUBS, 1930.

THE BOAT CLUB. HILARY TERM, I9JO. Captain-M. ]. V. PRINT. Secretary-W. W. J. BoLLAND. The result of the Torpid races was a moderate success for the Hall. We made one bump, at the expense of Queen's College, and thereby became sandwich boat between the Second and Third Divisions. The term's rowing was quite satisfactory in that it provided valuable experience for those oarsmen who were to gain places in the Eight next term. The object of rowing in Torpids was thereby achieved.

Only one member of last year's Torpid was available, and -of those who had never rowed in Torpids, only five were of sufficient calibre to be included in. the crew. We were thus forced to take advantage of the offers of two Eightsmen who had not rowed in the Eight last year. Coaching for the first three weeks was undertaken

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE by the Captain, and for the later period Mr. C. M. H. Glover (Magdalen) very kindly took it over. The crew, when paddling, was quite well together; but not until very late in practice did they begin to show enough drive ¡and liveliness. They ultimately became quite fast for a short row, but there was not sufficient stamina all through the crew to maintain their form for a long row.

For the first two clays of the races we rowed behind Trinity, gaining a little at the start each clay. But Trinity drew away each time and finished their distance ahead. On the third day Queen's were in front; the crew rowed really well, gaining from the start; they responded well to the guns from the bank and bumped just below the Ferry. In the Second Division race Trinity bumped University II ahead of us. For the last three days we were sandvvich boat. Although we were never pressed by Queen's in the first race, the crew could not make much impression on University II in the second race, except on the last day, when the crew made a fine effort, and were nearly within half-a-length befo re University II bumped Hertford.

CHARACTEHS OF THE TORPID. Bow, D. ] . CocKLE. He keeps a really good swing, until he is tired, when he rather loses his form. If he improves in this respect he will certainly be of great use next year.

No. 2, A. D. BAILEY. A hard-worker. He is very strong, but rows in an awkward style. .

No. 3, ]. S. D. BEELEY. A useful oarsman in the making. He is strong and less stiff than most. vVhen he acquires more liveliness at the beginning, it will make a great difference to his rowing.

No. 4, W. V. BRELSFORD. An experienced oarsman, he rowed with a very good style, and was largely responsible for the com parative uniformity in the crew.

No. 5, A. W. HENDERSON. An honest worker, as of old. In spite of difficulties with his forward swing, he kept a very correct form, and in a Torpid was very useful.

No. 6, A. F. CoLBORN. H e fulfilled his promise of a year ago and became the most effective oarsman in the boat. A very hardworker.

No. 7, ]. H. TYZACK. He was long in the water but rather tended to over-reach, and to be unsteady over the stretcher. Always tried hard.

STROKE, J. C. YATES. He rowed the longest blade and had a good beginning. His efforts at steadiness were not b acked up by the crew.

Cox, B. M. FoRREST. Steered very well always. In the races he kept a cool head, not a lways an easy task.

During the last part of term a prospective Eight was put out.

A. ]. Phillips very kindly gave us some valuable coaching: M.J.V.P.

THE EIGHT, 1930 .

E.

r. .

.'\. F. Colborn, D. K. D. Dix e,·. J. H. Tyzn ck, J. C. Y:~tc s .

G. Powr s , Re,·. E. \\1. Mow!! (con eft), M. J. V. Print (capta1:11), W. W. J. B oll8nd ( slrol: e), H. E. P•;gg . l:l . M. Forr est.

THE HALL ABOUT TO BUMP B.N.C. II. FRIDAY, M .l\' 23, 1930.

45

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE TRINITY TERM.

Captain-M.

J.

V.

PRINT.

Secretary-W. vV.

J.

BoLLAND.

This term the Eight creates a new record in the history of the Boat Club by making seven bumps in the Summer Eights for the first time since the Club was formed in r86r. vVe were in every way fortunate in gaining the friendship of the Rev. E. W. Mowll, late of Jesus College, Cambridge, now Rector of St. Aldate's, who very kindly coached the Eight throug-hout, from the first clay of practice, vVeclnesclay, April 23, until the races.

Training during the first two weeks consisted largely of fairly long stretches of paclclling, usually the whole length of the home course, with one journey below locks to Radley; later the long paddles ceased, and the important feature of the daily outing became one piece, sometimes, two, of rowing¡, seldom shorter that. the Free Water Stone. The chief points of form on which our coach laid stress were a sustained, hard finish and a quick recovery ; we did not aim for a very high rate of striking, but rather for length and steadiness. We were fortunate in not suffering ~ny absences from illness this term, so that the order of the crew remained the same throughout.

In the races we started sixth in the Third Division, and finished eleventh in the Second Division, thus gaining seven places. The crews which we bumped were Oriel II, Brasenose II, Worcester II, Balliol II, Christ Church II, Hertford and Wadham II. All the bumps except one occurred between the Ferry and the lower end of the Green Bank, the third day being the only occasion on which we rowed beyond the Gut. It is significant of our fairly low rate of striking that none occurred below the Ferry. On both of the first two clays we bumped during the second minute of the racg, catching both Oriel II and Brasenose II in the bay just above the Ferry. Saturday's row was the most exciting, at any rate for the spectators, of the series, as in the Gut Worcester II overlapped Balliol II and twice aimed for a bump while the Hall was over halfc a-length behind; Balliol II escaped, however, and Worcester II, exhausted by their efforts, fell easy victims to the Hall along the Green Bank (much to the later astonishment of those Hail supporters who, having abandoned any hopes of a bump earlier in the. race, had reserved further athletic and exhortative powers for another clay). The race on Monday was similar to those of the first two days. We thus gained second place in the Third Division, leaving the possibility of our greatest task-a double bump----'"for Tuesday; Whether or not it was the prospect of this somewhat

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

spectacular feat, with the added stimulating thought of six bumps in the first five days, which roused the crew to greater efforts , there is no doubt that on Tuesday we rowed in better form than on any other day. In the Third Division race we bumped Christ Church II immediately above the Free Water Stone. After a light t ea we rowed at the bottom of the Second Division, behind Hertford, definitely a faster boat than any we had met hitherto. The fairly short race of an hour before had not, however, tired us appreciably, and so by rowing with steadin ess from the start of the race we gained gradually on Hertford all the time until the bump was effected above the Ferry. On Wednesday we caught Wadham II at the same place after a similar race. On that evening a bump supper, arranged most kindly and expeditiously by the Principal, was held in the Quadrangle. After the Principal's jubilant speech and many kind words from our coach, members of the H all and guests from the victim crews enjoyed themselves for an hour or so.

The gratitude of all the crew and many others is very sincerely extended to our coach, the Rev. E. W. Mow!!. Only the members of the crew can appreciate all that he did for us; for not only did he produce a successful crew, a deed alone deserving of our warmest thanks, but his enthusiasm and his cheerfuln ess in moments of the crew's despondency made the term's ro wing a delight for us all.

A report of Eights Week would be incomplete without mention of the magnificent support on the towpath from members of the Hall , an invaluable aid to the crew. After Eights Week many delightful messages were received from old members and fri ends of the Hall.

We are indebted to the R ev. E. W. Mowll for the following description and characters of the crew : CHARACTERS OF THE EIGHT. The crew were not very stylish to watch, but proved from the start keen, willing workers. Despite the lack of polish a good rhythm and length were developed.

Bow, H. E. PEGG. Kept a very correct back but might have swung out a bit further.

No. 2, J. C. YATES. A freshman who improved considerably.

Needs to learn to be quicker in getting his hands away and recovering the body whilst the knees are hard down. Rather inclined to rush his slide.

No. 3, J. H. TvzAcK. Another willing worker. Will become still more effective when he can keep his shoulders from becoming hunched at the beginning of each stroke.

No. 4, D. K. D . DrxEv. Possesses rather a jerky style. Could make still more use of his fine reach .

ST. EDMUND HALL · MAGAZINE

47

No. 5, M. J. V. PRINT. The hardes 1; worker and a great mainstay. Inclined to be h eavy with his hands over the stretcher and thereby to lose his beginning.

No. 6, A. F. CoLBORN. Another hard-worker ·with a fine legdrive. Needs to learn to finish higher up and thereby avoid washing-out.

No. 7, E. L. G. Powvs. K ept a good leng th but rather sticky at the finish. Shouf'd iearn to drop the hands more quickly.

STROKE, W. W. J. BoLLAND. Always kept a good leng th and set an excellent example in getting the hands away and recovering the body a t the end of each stroke.

Cox, B. M. FoRREST. Steered excellently each night. Was the means of gaining many feet by good judgment.

M.J.V.P. MICHAELMAS TERM. Captain-W. W. J. BoLLAND .

Secretary-]. C. YATES. At the beginning of term some twenty-five freshmen were persuaded to c9me down to the Barge to be tried out, but owing to illness and the calls of other clubs, our numbers were finally diminished to two fours . We rowed Mawdesley Fours in the fourth week of the term, by which time the crews had reached a very moderate standard. In the actual race J. F. Tait's crew drew away very early, and by the University Boathouse was about two lengths up. Along the barges they increased their lead and won by four lengths.

The race showed that there were several freshmen who can work really hard a nd ought to prove useful members of the Torpid.

The winning crew was : Bow. D . J. A. Lob b.

2 G. S. Keen.

3 C. S. Cansdale.

Str. J. F. T a it.

Cox. G. W . Mason.

We also tubbed D. J. Cockle, J. S. D. Beeley, A. D. Bailey and G. S. Wamsley, who rowed before this year and who will make a useful nucleus around which to build a crew for T orpids.

Owing to the success of l<:ist term's Eight and last year's Clinker Four, we again decided to enter a crew for the Senior Clinker Four races. For the first two weeks we practised in pairs and a tub-four without a ny coach, but, as soon as we were able to get into a light boat, we had the services of Mr. C. M. H. Glover (Magdal en), who had coached the Clinker last year. He found us very stiff and rough and, in spite of his many attempts to turn us into a neat crew, we remained very >vugh till the las t day of races.

We rowed two full courses before the actual races and, thou g h we ·never struck a particularly high rate, the tim es were quite as

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

good as in previous years. Over short distances we tended to rush and get very short, but directly we did longer stretches we settled down to the long, hard stroke which we had found so effective in the Eight.

Nineteen crews entered for the races and we were drawn in the preliminary round against Oriel I, whom we beat very easily by nineteen seconds . On the following day we had a much harder race against Exeter I, whom we beat by four seconds. In the Second Round we met Wadham, and for the first and only time during races were not ahead at Weirs Bridge; but after this we drew away and gradually increased our lead to win by twelve seconds.

In the semi-final there were, besides ourselves, the three Balliol crews. We were rowing against their second boat, which was in all probability the worst of the three. We had front station and, rowing at a very slow stroke, we soon went ahead a1~d kept our lead to the 0. U.B.C., when we were eight seconds up. Owing to an error of judgment on our part, we did not put up the stroke early enough, and only just got home in time to win by one second.

It was a thrilling race, and Balliol's effort up the Wall was very fine indeed and very nearly won it for them.

Balliol I also won their race against their third ¡ boat by one second, but did the course in about twelve seconds less than we.

In the final we had the front station. The conditions were very bad indeed, as there was a very fast stream running and a strong head-wind. We steadily drew away from Balliol from the start and had a lead of three seconds at Weirs Bridge. Rowing very much better than we had ever done before along the Green Bank, we increased our lead and, taking her well through some very rough water before the 0. U. B.C., we increased the lead to six seconds. From there we took her in and went still furtl;ler ahead to win by twelve seconds.

It was not tili the last day that we really found our best form, which though effective was never pretty to watch.

The ' Oxford Magazine ' correspondent writing about the crew said : ' The Hall are to be congratulated on their win, which they earned by consistent hard work. They were not a pretty crew to watch, and relied solely on a tremendous punch at the beginning of the strokes ; they were also well together and good racers.'

Such success as we achieved was in no small measure due to the capable coaching of Mr. C. M. H. Glover, of Magdalen, to whom our best thanks are due.

THE C Ll:'-iKER F OU R, HJJO.

\V. \\".

J.

Tl "inn ers of th e Int.er-College Cup. l3ol la nd (s t·rolw ), ]. H . T yznck, A. F. Co lborn, l\1. ]. V. Print, B. M. F orrest (cox).

THE R UG BY V II , 1930.

Winners of the In ter-College Tournament.

N . G. Fish er , P . S. Ho,·dern, A. J. Phillips, N. A. P erry-Gore.

K. C. Oliver, J. N . C. Holl a nd, A. W. U . Roberts.

49

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ------ ~ -------

should like to thank those eightsmen-J. C. Yates, E. L. G. Powys and D. K. D. Dixey-who so kindly carried on the coaching of freshm en and others, when the Clinker was practising. The inability to find sufficient coaches for the freshmen has in the past very often prevented the Hall from entering a boat.

W.W.J.B. THE CRICKET CL¡UB.

Captain-C . F.

CARDALE.

Secretary-R.

WAVE.

The season may be said to have. been a fairly successful one, as six matches were won, four lost and four drawn. Unfortun at ely several of the team 'vvere unable to play regularly owing to th e call of Schools. We were also faced with r ather a lack of new material. After the first few matches the batting could generally be relied on. R. Waye batted brilliantly and consistently throughout the season. L. W. Hanson managed to curb some of his former impetuosity, and became a much improved batsman. A. J. Phillips is a sound and stylish bat. A. W. U. Roberts, W. W. E. Giles and R. B. Pates were all capable of producing runs quickly when wanted; the first-named employs authentic strokes, but it is doubtful whether the other two do so. R. B. Pates is the most reliable at the moment, but all three must improve their defence. P. S. Hordern, owing to his untiring enthusiasm, is developing into a sound batsman. J. N. C. Holland did not keep wicket with quite the accuracy of the previous season, but batted with more confidence. The weakness of the side was its bowling and fielding .

W. V.J. E. Giles was the only bowler of .class, but received little support. A. W. U. Roberts, it is true, improved vastly and was capable of any amount of hard work. M. Healey bowls steadily, but without varying his pace or flight sufficiently. A. J. Phillips was unable to play regularly enough to be really effective. K. C. Oliver was kept out of the side by an injury at the beginning of the season, and never struck his true form. L. W. Hanson always looked like obtaining wickets, but proved rather disappointing. At the moment there is not enough variety in the Hall attack. The season was broug ht to a suitable close by a victory over ~eble, who had previously been unbeaten until we played them.

Colours were awarded to_ P. S. Hord ern, R. B. Pates and M. Healey. R. \i\Taye was elected Captain, and P. S. Hordern Secretary for the ensuing season.

C. F. C.

50

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1930.

Captain-] . N . C.

HoLLAND.

Secretary- A.].

PHILLIPS.

The bad luck usually encountered by the Hall-in the draw for the Inter-College Cup persisted again this year-we w ere drawn against Balliol, the ultimate winners of the cup. That we kept the score clown to 22-o was¡ a very creditable perform a nce considering we were without the h elp of C. F. Cardale owing to injuries . The pack played the best game they have ever clone, although they packed only seven forwards, kee.ping an extra man outside to help in defence.

J. M. Edmonds played brilliantly at full-back, though he has only just taken to playing in this position, his tackling and kicking being worthy of the highest praise.

The two centres, A. vV. U. Roberts and A. J. Fyfe, kept their opposite numbers at bay by excellent defensive work.

The team as a whole have good cause to be thankful for the very excellent coaching given by Mr. D. F. Bickmore, Durham School, and Mr. B. H. Black, Brasenose.

Later in the term tfie 0. U.R.F.C. organised an Inter-college seven-a-side tourna ment. Having successfully survived the first two rounds by beating J es us 18-8 and St. John's 13- 6, we beat Trinity g-s after a great struggle. Our opponents had two Blues in a side which was very formidable on paper, but thanks to brilliant hooking by N . G. Fisher, and the speed and defence of the backs, especially A. J. Phillips at fly-half, we won.

The semi-final and finals were played on the Iffiey Road ground on the same day. W e beat Keble 22-5 in the semi-final owing to superiority in speed, K . C. Oliver having little difficulty in running round the opposition.

In the final we beat Christ Church 11-9 after a thrilling game; .we were dogged by some misfortune, P. S. Hord ern, the serumhalf, being unable to play owing to a twisted ankle, sustained in the previous game . R ain nearly lost us the game, but thanks to the brilliant work behind the serum of A. W. U. Roberts and K. C. Oliver, the game was won .

Could we have had the service of C. F. Cardale the results would have been even more decisive than they were. N . A. PerryGore deserves mention for the hard work he did in all the matches , and the speed and combination of the backs is also worthy of praise.

Colours were awarded to ]. M. Edmonds, N. A. Perry-Gore, W. W. ]. Bolland and L. Thorpe.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

51

A. J. Phillips was elected Captain, and N. G. Fisher Secretary for the ensuing season.

J.N.C.H. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Secretary-N. G. FISHER. Captain-A. J. PHILLIPS. The success of the Rugby Football C lub cannot be better illustrated than by figures. Of the thirteen matches played, twelve have been won and one lost. The one exception was possibly due to the unavoidable fielding of a weak team against a particularly strong¡ college fifteen.

A marked feature of the games .h as been the decisiveness of the victories achieved: No less than 360 points have so far been scored by the team, a figure involving an average of approximately 28 points a match, while points scored against amount to 78. These are results to the credit of the First XV. The keenness of members of the Club has made it possible to field a regular Second XV. This is a feature of Hall Rugby football which is as gratifying as the success of the First XV, and deserves particula: mention.

The results achieved by the Second XV are not so striking as those of the First, but some good games have been played and com mendable enthusiasm maintained.

The standard of freshm en supporting the Club has been higher, in point of ability and numbers, than in recent years, and, in addition, many old colours are still in resi dence.

I should like to than k all members of the Club for the enthusiasm they have shown in supporting the Club, both. in the games and in attendance at practices. Such success as we have achieved is, to no small extent, the res ult of the keen spirit manifested by all concerned.

Colours have been awarded to A. G. Hopewell, J. C. Nield, E. L. Phillips, E. H. Thwaites , C. C . R eid a nd C. G. Worrall.

Results : -v. Queen's, 20-12; v . Hertford, 54-0; v. Merton, 31-o; v. St. John's, 43-o; v. Oriel, 19- 3; v . Magdale n, 8-28; v . Wadham, I0-6; v. J esu s, 45-o; v. Keble, 24-18; v . Exeter, 40-o; v. Pembroke, 44-0; v. Trinity, 21-3.

A. J.P. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY ThRM, 1930.

Captain-0. C. TRIMBY. Secretary-R. WAVE. Of fourteen gam es played this term, eight were won and one <lrawn. This gave us the creditable record for the season of nineteen games won and two drawn out of thirty.

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In the League, although w ell-placed, we once again failed to achieve our ambition of gaining promotion into the first division.

In the Inter-College Cup, however, we pulled out our best form.

In the preliminary round we were drawn against Lincoln, a first division side, whom we beat quite comfortably in the Parks 3-1, in a rather uninteresting game.

This brought us in the first round proper against Exeter, who had previously beaten B.N.C., the cup-holders. The game, played on the Exeter ground, produced a most exhilarating struggle, with the issue in doubt up to the last moment.

Exeter started off at a great pace and quickly scored, but M. Healey soon replied with a beautiful goal from a left-wing movement, and R. Waye put U!;> ahead with a goal scored from well out through a crowd of players. The Hall forwards were playing well, and the defence was sound. At half-time we were leading 3-2, M. F. Jerrom heading a perfect goal frotn a left-wing centre in almost immediate reply to a goal from Exeter.

We held the lead till about twelve minutes from the e1~d, but fatally missed several chances of getting further ahead . Then in quick succession came a goal for Exeter, and yet another for us, R. Waye netting from a penalty. Exeter stormed down upon us, and equalised ]ust on time.

Extra time was played, and Exeter scored the winning goal.

In an excellent display by the team as a whole, R. Waye, R. B. Pates and M. Healey were outstanding.

Among friendly matches, the double was accomplished over Reading University 2nd XI; and our biggest win was 10-o at the expense of Dorchester College.

Colours were award ed to G. S. Bessey, M. Healey and R. B. Pates.

At a meeting of Colours, the following were elected for 193031 :-Captain, R. Waye; Secretary, G. S. Bessey.

O.C.T. MrCI-IAELMAS TERM.

Captain-R.

WAVE.

Secretary-C. S.

BESSEY.

The Association Football Club has enjoyed a most successful term. We were very pleased to welcome C . Broadhead after his illness, which unfortunately kept him out of cup-tie matches last year.

The vacant positions in the team were soon filled by J. Bradley, C. J. Hayes, and W. Charlton, all of whom show considerable promise, especially the last-named. The team has played very well

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together, and has beaten some of the best college teams.

Its strength lies primarily in its defence. The forwards have played well on occasions, but with a really competent player in the centre they would score twice as many goals. The record for the team is probably the best that has ever been achieved by the Club. Of the seventeen matches played , fourteen were won, two drawn, and one lost. Seventy-four goals were scored by the team, and nineteen by opponents.

It has rarely been possible to field a full Second XI, but it is to be hoped that this will be possible in future years.

The enthusiasm shown by the team and others has .been very encouraging. The result of the League will not be known until next term, when we play our last match.

Results :-v. Jesus, 3-2; v. Culham College, 4-o; v. Merton, 8-I; v. Exeter,* I I - 0 ; 'V, Christ Church II,* s-o; v. Wadham, g-o; v. Pembroke, 2-o; v . University,* 4-3; 'V. Queen's,* 3-I ; 'V. Culham College, 4-I ; 'V. Oxford Old Citizens, s-o; V, St. Catherine's, s-4; v. Lincoln,* 2-I; 'V. Corpus,* 0-I; v. Alleyn's School, 2-2; v. Merton,* o-o ~ v. Balliol,* 5-3.

* League matches.

R.W. THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM,

Captain-W. W. E.

GILES.

I930.

Secretary-C.

G. LAWRENCE.

The excellent way in which the members of the Hockey Club had consistently turned out in the Michaelmas Term had its reward.

The Hall was drawn to play Jesus College in the Inter-College Cup-tie and the team was determined to live up to its reputation.

Consequently hopes were clashed, and the prospects seemed none too good when the term opened with three matches which wer:e lost. However, after practice, something of the expected teamwork was seen.

The match against Jesus College was won by seven goals to nil. This score improved the morale of the team, and in the second round the Hall beat Christ Church by three goals to two after a strenuous game. Between these two matches the eleven and reserves turned out for training every day, and in some cases indulged in a pre-breakfast sprint.

The semi-final against Oriel College was played in the Parks on the Univers'ity pitch, and this game was won by the Hall by two goals to one. In the final, played on the Christ Church ground, the team did not play as well as usual, and University College succeeded in winning by six goals to one; but the play was not so

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one-sided as the score indicates, although it must be admitted that the better side won.

The side must be cong-ratulated on its excellent team-work and enthusiasm, and we feel that we must thank the Hall for the encouragement given to us by their presence on the touch-line and by their vocal efforts. As regards the individual members of the team, A. W. Keith-Steele played some excellent games in goal.

His saving has improved, but he should learn to refrain from kicking the ball into mid-field when the forwards and halves are following up a through-pass.

C. C. Sha~ has improved his game tremendously this season.

He tackles and clears well , and is good at covering the rare faults of his partner.

The halves were the sam e as the previous season. F. R. H. Murray and E. L. H. Kentfield looked after their opposing wings in excellent style. They also successfully covered infield when the backs were hard pressed.

The forwards combined together better than in the previous term. C. W. Boothroyd succeeded J. C. Toland as a very successful left-wing.

H. K . Pusey, K. C. Oliver and G. A. D. Calderwood, the three inside forwards, worked well together, but I should like to sec them indulge in through-passing to a greater extent. They will find that their weight and speed can be used to better advantage and the pace of the game will be greatly increased. R. C. Thomas was very successful as right-wing, but he was cramped by the tendency of the team always to pass to the right. In spite of this and the concentration of defence on the right, he got across some good centres which were used to advantage by the excellent inside forwards.

During the term colours were awarded to H. K. Pusey, G. A. D. Calderwood, C. W. Boothroyd and A. W. Keith-Steele.

At a meeting of Colours, C . G. Lawrence was elected Captain, and H. K. Pusey Secretary for the season 1930-JI. C.G.L. MICHAELMAS ThRM.

Captain-C. G.

LAWRENCE.

Secretary-H . K. PusEY.

As seven of last year's Colours are still in residence, it seemed possible to build up a team which would. carry on the good record established last year.

The result of this term's games shows that the possibility has become a probability. We lost from last year's team Vi!. W. E.

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Giles, R. C. Thomas, K. C. Oliver and F. R. H. Murray , and these four it seemed would be diffic ult to replace adequately. However, the freshmen produced plenty of talent and the term has been spent in developing a useful and workman-like team.

During the term fifteen matches have been played, one of which has been drawn and the remainder won . This is an achievement w hich was even an impmvement on the record of last year.

Weather has seriously interfered with the Second XI games, and only six matches have been played, of which four were won .

The lack of a goal-keeper has been seriously felt, but the team shows considerable keenness and promise.

The defence of the First XI has been sound, but rather slow in getting rid of the ball. This criticism can be levied against the team as a whole.

The goal-keeper, A. W. Keith-Steele, has shown great improvement. C. C . Shaw, w ho unexpectedly returned this term, has been invaluabl e in defence, and a most satisfactory working agreement between him and his partner, A. D. Browne", has been developed .

In the half-back line, T. G. C. Woodford is the only new-comer.

Both he at left-half and E . L. H. Kentfield at right-half h ave been successful at holding their wing¡s and in covering the attacks of the opposition in the centre.

The forwards have shown that they .can play excellent hockey when the occasion demands.

C. W . Boothroyd has played consistently well throug hout the term and excels himself on a perfect pitch.

H . K. Pusey has played some really brilliant games, but mu st learn that altho ugh an inside forward must tackle back, he is essentially an at tacking forward and should not hang back during attack.

M. P. Vidal-Hall should develop into a good centre-forward.

H e must, however,- rush when given a through-pass. H e also tend s to t ackle back too much. G. A. D. Calderwood, ¡our most prolific goal-scorer, has played really well throughout the season.

H. S. 0. vVood, on the right wing, has ably fill ed the place of R. C. Thom as, and does realise that the ball must be hit about.

We have drawn Keble in the Cup-tie.

C. G. Lawrence and H. K . Pusey have been elected to thC' Occasionals Hockey Club.

Results : - v . University, 5-2; v. Is is, 6--o; v. Keble, I I - I ; v. St. John's, I - I ; v. Queen's, 8-r; v . Oriel, 4-I; v . Pembroke, 4-3; v . 0 . C. C. Staff, 4-r; v. Corpus, 8- r ; v. Isis,

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14-3 ; v . Christ Church, J-0; v. Exeter, Ib-I ; v . T r inity , s-o; v. University, 6-2; v. H ertford, 6-o ; v . St. Peter's Hall, 6-r.

G.C.L. THE ATHLETIC CLUB. HILARY TERM, 19JO.

,

Captain-N. C. MosES. Secretary-R. M. P ARKER. The Inter-College Sports were h eld in the Hilary Term. The Hall entered teams for all events, but owing to shortage of time for trai ning and the calls of other Hall Clubs, we had to scratch some events at the starting-post.

The Hall took first place in the Three Miles a nd first and third in the Mile. The P ole Vault revealed th at E. R. Casady is likely to b ecome a really first-class jumper once h e has m as tered the turn at the top of the jum p.

There were other creditable p erformances in the Hig h Jump by H. K. Pusey, a nd the Hurdles events by D. K . D. Dixey.

Considering the po.t ential strength of the Hall's athletics team and its actual performances in the Cross-Country, the Inter-College R elays and the Inter-College Sports, th e only comment to be made is that the r esults were most disappointing .

Colours were awarded to E. R. Casady and D . K . D. Dixey.

R. M . Parker was elected Captain, and C. J. Mabey Secretary f01: next year.

N.C.M. MICHAELMAS TERM. Ca ptain-C. J. MABEY. S ecretary-D. K. D. DIXEY. The unu sual s uccess which has been enjoyed by the Athletic Club this term has been d~e largely to the support given by the Captains of other Clubs, and to the enthu siasm displayed by members of the Cross-Country and Relay teams respectively.

In the Inter-College Cross-Country race the Hall team, consisting of A. L. M. Sellwood, H. J. Andrews, A. Robinson, C. J. Mabey a nd G. H. W . White obtained fifth place among the fourteen college teams competing .

Success also crowned our efforts in Division II of the InterCollege Relay Races. In the Sprint Relay (4 x wo) the Hall team, consisting of A. VV. U. R oberts, C. F. Cardale, C. C. Reid a nd C . G. Worrall, gained second place in the final, whil e in th e distance Medley A. G. Hopewell, M. F . J errom , C. J. Mabey and J. C. Nield also secured second place. The aggregate of seven points thus obtained placed us second wit h K eble and J esus, but unfo rtunately t his did not gain us the much-d esired promotion to Division I.

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Colours have been awarded to C. F. Cardale and A. W. U. Roberts.

Congratulations may here be extended to C. F. Cardale on his successes in the A.A.A. Sprint Handicaps at Stamford Bridge last August. It is unfmtunate that owing to his ' Rugger,' athletics cannot claim much of his attention during this term.

C.J.M. THE SWIMMING CLUB. TRINITY TERM, 1930.

Captain-H. F.

GREEN.

The race for the Matthews Cup has been the only organised swimming event this year; it was, as usual, characterised by the light-hearted attitude that makes this one of the most pleasant races in which. to compete. But an air of majesty prevailed, as the accompanying boat was rowed by two members of the Eight: ¡ in addition the entry was double that of last year's race, and all the competitors finished the course. N. C. Moses won from E. L. G. Powys-who has been placed high in the race for the last four years and has been unlucky not to win- and M. F. Jerrom was third. N. C. Moses was elected Captain for the next season.

H.F.G. LAWN TENNIS CLUB. TRINITY TERM, 1930.

Captain--C. C .. SHAW.

Secretary-E. L. H.

KENTFIELD.

The Lawn Tennis Club once more enjoyed a most successful season, and of the sixteen matches played twelve were won. This was all the more creditable considering that Schools deprived us on numerous occasions of the service of the Captain and other members of the First VI. We were defeated by Exeter in the first round of the InterCollege Cup Competition by the rather convincing margin of nine events to two. In the singles C. F. Cardale managed to gain one event for us, whilst E. R. Casady and E. L. H. Kentfield succeeded in winning a doubles event after the day's decision had already been gained. Credit is due to R. Waye for his splendid attempt to win his singles, which he eventually only just lost after an extremely long drawn-out third set.

The Second VI had also an encouraging season, and several of the second team played extremely well for the First VI when the regular members were unable to turn out.

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R. Waye was again victorious in the Open Singles Tournament, ¡ for which there were even more entries than in the preceding season. An American doubles handicap, arranged at the end of term, also attracted a large entry.

A system of booking courts was arranged this term, which proved fairly successful in dealing with the difficult situation arising from the ever-increasing number of people desirous of taking advantage of the Hall courts.

Our thanks are again due to Mr. Barratt, who displayed his usual skill in converting the 0. U.R.F.C. ground into courts, whilst Mrs. Barratt, as in many seasons past, rendered her invaluable assistance by providing such excellent teas that our opponents on every occasion succumbed to temptation and ate not wisely, but too well, to the detriment of their play during the evening.

Colours were awarded during the term to E. L. ¡ H. Kentfield, C. G. Lawrence and E. R. Casady.

At a Colours' meeting at the end of term E. L. H. Kentfield was elected Captain, and C. W. Boothroyd Secretary for the ensuing year.

E.L.H.K. THE CHESS CLUB.

Secretary-G. H.

ToRRENS.

In the first round of the Inter-College Competition the Halr beat Hertford by 3-2, but failed to survive the second round, being defeated by Jesus College 2-3.

Team :-(1) A. E. Smith, (2) E. L. G. Powys, (3) C. A. Coomber, (4) J. L. N . O'Loughlin, (5) J. H. Torrens .

J.H.T.

A PAINTED GLASS PANEL OF ST. EDMUND. N the window over the sed ilia on the south side of the chancel of St. Michael's Church, Oxford, there is a panel containing a figure of St. Edmund of Abing<;lon. It is paired with a figure of St. Nicholas, very similarly portrayed. Above these two panels are two others. one showing the :Virgin and Child, and one St. Michael slaying the Dragon. All four panels are said by Mr. J. D. Le Couteur to date from about 1290. The grisaille in which these panels are set is mod ern : and there is no certainty that the present arrangement of them is the original one. This glass, thanks to the care of the Vicar, the Rev. R. R. Martin, has been recently re-

I

ST. EDMUND OF AB I NGDON. F~< o ~r

A \ VrNDOw I N ST. Mr c ii AEL's C II UR c rr, OxFOJ<D.

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leaded, and the opportunity taken to secure photographs of the panels while the window was under repair.

It is of great interest to have preserved in Oxford a figure of St. Edmund of Abingdon in a panel of painted glass that was made within fifty years of his death. This panel, however, cannot be claimed as a portrait, although in one particular at least it is accurate, for it depicts St. Edmund wearing a beard. The portrayal is conventional in treatment. St. Edmund is shown supporting a cross-staff with his left hand, whi le his right hand is raised in benediction. He is vested in a yellow chasuble over which there hangs a white archiepiscopal pall. Under the chasuble he is wearing a green dalmatic, and under that a yellow alb. The leading of the glass a lmost obscures the embroidered apparel w hich is depicted in the middle of the lower edge of the alb. Amice and maniple are coloured pink. The mitre, a low one, characteristic of the period, is white. The sandals are pale blue. The cross of the primatial staff is yellow, the staff itself ruby. There is a halo of ruby glass above the mitre. The inscription, S. EDMUNDUS, at the foot of the panel is yellow. The figure is set upon a field of blue glass, framed by a narrow border of white. This representation of St. Edmund is, I believe, the oldest surviving in painted glass.

Oxford contains one other figure of St. Edmund : it is to be found in the beautiful fifteenth century glass preserved in the Chapel of All Souls College. Outside Oxford I only know of two medieval examples, one, a late fourteenth century figure, was formerly in Emberton, but is now preserved in Clifton Reynes church, Bucks.

This is presumed to represent St. Edmund on the strength of a fragmentary ' S. Edm.' which is contained in a border of broken pieces that frames the figure, but it should be observed that the saint depicted is bearing a bishop's crozier and not an archbishop's cross-staff; the other, a mid-fifteenth century figure, is to be found in a window on the north side of the chancel of \IIJalpole St. Peter, Norfolk.

A. B. E.

A CHINESE VILLAGE THEATRE.

F

OR interminable hours the three little springless covered carts had been bumping along the two deep iron-hard ruts in the sunken track. I and the carter, Two Thumbs (so-called because he really had three), not to speak of the mule, his stern numbed by the attentive butt of Two Thumbs' whip, had had about enough of it when we rumbled through the crooked gateway and came to rest outside the inn close under the crumbling wall of Sinti.

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had tried cart-riding before and knew just what the mule felt like. I had preferred to plod along on foot most of the day, watching the cotton-pickers as I went, and accumulating on my clothes and person more than I should have thought possible of the fine dust which everywhere drifted in streams from the sloping six-foot sieves of the ground-nut gatherers. My interpreter, Lo by name, and my cook-boy had slept and dozed the clock round within their lurching carts, so that I was relieved to see each of them emerge in one piece after their jolting. Amazing, but there they were. Insomnia, at any rate, is not a Chinese complaint.

I was beating some of the southern Chihli plain out of my clothes with a painful but effective sort of scourge, handed to me without a word by the understanding landlord, when the trouble started. A bland gentleman, after a brief but earnest conference with Lo, came up and introduced himself as our agent, Mr. Chun .

News spreads from village to village in China with almost telegraphic speed, and this eerie intelligence system, known as 'bamboo wireless,' could alone account for his disturbingly prompt attendance. By great good fortune a big company of itinerant players, Mr. Chun informed me, was in the village; he had secured seats for the evening performance and would be honoured if Lo and I would join his party which was setting out for the theatre almost at once. Visions of a bath and a meal receded into the background .

Mad I was, of course, already accounted ; for a man who hires a cart and then walks beside it classifies himself unmistakably; bu1 I was loath to be shunned as dangerous, as I certainly should have been, had I excused myself from attending a show whose popularity with hundreds of uninvited friends and rela tives from miles around was b ri nging the villagers to the verge of delirious ruin.

Imagine the descent of a circus, complete with elephant, on an unsophisticated English country to wn and you will begin to understand what the rare- and expensive-treat of harbouring a good travelling theatre means to a Chinese village. And, anyway, I need not pretend that I was not really gra teful for the opportunity of seeing a show such as few foreigners have the chance of seeing.

The routine protesta tions of reluctance to trespass on his good natt.~re having been correctly silenced by Mr. Chun as expeditiously as the co de of etiquette permitted, off we went through a labyrinth of clark alleys to the market-place--where the theatre was set up.

An ambitious temporary erection of plaited bamboo mats rigged on rough scaffolding loomed before us. We passed through the e ntry, stumbled up a perilous ladder, along an almost equally dangerous gallery and subsided cautiously on to one of the narrow

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benches. dt¡ew a deep breath, exhaled it as quickly as possible, and tolerantly surveyed the house as every box-occupant should.

I shall never see its like again. There must have been well over a thousand people there~ merchants, farmers, coolies, women , children, babies, jammed democratically together on benches on the earth floor, shouting, laughing, sweating, smoking, spitting. Standing round the side, or peering through the welcome gashes in the matting, were scores of beggars and urchins. The miasma o! humanity and the sickly-sweet smell of native tobacco were almost over-powering~mercifully more so than even the local mosquitoe~ could stomach.

The orchestra opened fire almost at once. Stationed immediately below us at the edge of the staging, it had no difficulty whatever in claiming its share of our attention. Your English conductor gets peevish if murmurings in the stalls prevent the overture being heard to the best advantage, but the strenuous gentlemen below , armed, it seemed, almost exclusively with percussion instruments and excruciating one-string fiddles, were able confidently to ignore the din of the most joyously uproarious audience of which I have ever found myself a member. I later gathered that the main function of 't he minstrels was to emphasise or support dramatic action -as was that of our pre-war cinema pianists. When we were passing through scenes of violence or sorrow, I almost longed for the comparatively subdued discords of the overture.

I was not sorry when things began to happen on the stage, for I was finding the universal open-mouthed scrutiny rather trying.

Hundreds of those present had never seen a foreigner before and apparently did not mind admitting it. Curtain there was none, nor were th ere any drop-scenes or frills of that kind to mar the Elizabethan intimacy. With a ragged line of chattering, tea-drinking stage-hands and hangers-on as a background, the actors took the floor. Even in the poor light of the oil lamps the'r e was no mistaking the genuine splendour of the costumes-the gorgeous silks, sweeping embroidered sleeves and elaborate head-dresses. The costumes, like everything else in the classical elrama, have been standardized for centuries. Each character must wear his appropriate trappings and insignia. The scholar, the general with his embroidered tiger's head, the retainer, the villain, can each be distinguished at once by the practised eye. Masks are worn when mere facial expression is too feeble to register the ferocity or depravity required.

I realized at once that my slight knowledge of the local dialect was entirely useless. The unnatural falsetto sing-song, which is

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the¡ traditional diction of the stage, the phraseology , very different from the common speech, and the incessant clangour of the minstrels must make fore-knowledge a necessity even for native Chinese. However, a scattered commentary from Lo enabled me after a fashion to piece together the plot. The theme of ' The Obedient Son ' is the conflict between filial affection and loyalty to the Emperor, the someti~e fundamentals of Chinese conduct. A famous general leaves the city specially entrusted to his care that he may defend a neighbouring town which shelters his mother.

Thi s place is being attacked by hordes of barbarians; and a nastylooking lot they were with their lurid papier mdche masks. The enemy commanders win -a series of single combats, supposedly fearsome, though actually highly diverting because the posturing is all formal without a spark of natural fire : they are in high feather : then the hero appears and completely turns the tables. After he has played his p"art in a fresh succession of skirmishes, recalling the convolutions of a folk-dancing society-! particularly a_dmirect the agility with w hich he juggled with his whirling spear-the conquering hero bas an interview with his aged mother. She rebukes him, in spite of the valorous deeds of arms done on her behalf, for leaving the city committed to his charge. This is the big scene.

You think that it is lacking in punch? Maybe, but it gave the principals scope for a display of emotional acting so competent and unrestrained that one could follow every phase without understanding a word. _ After some minutes of the son's sustained screaming, I was glad to see the proceedings held up while one of the lounger!:> at the back of the stage handed him a dish of tea and a hot towel. Next cam e the abduction of the mother by the enemy master-mind, and a further series of encounters in which the hero's spear-wavings and teeth-gnashings become rather monotonous and the ear-splitting fervo ur of the minstrels well-ni gh unbearable. At last, by some low trick whose details eluded me, the son is surrounded and called on to capitulate. 'I would die rather than g ive up the town where my mother is living.' ' But we have taken your mother away, old man.' Anguish and surrender : a broken man. ¡ And that, as far as I could make out, was that. A pleasant change from the usu al happy ending.

The properties in evidence had been few but ingenious. For in stance, a cart was dealt with thus. The prospective passenger gave slightly at the knees, and an attendant lounged forward bearing two square white flags on which a cart-wheel was roughly painted. vVith these shielding his legs the victim slowly waddled

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE off t he stage without even raising a smile. I wanted to give this a round of applause, but, as clapping is unknown, I could do nothing about it.

We were all glad of an interval. Some of the acto"rs unrobed, came back on to the stage, drank tea, and looked at me, though they had been doing this pretty steadily throughout their performance. The men in the audience rubbed their faces, and, if they had had a recent shave, their skulls with the little steaming towels hurled from the aisles with unerring accuracy by the tea-boys, shouted to their friends, drank tea, and looked at me. I tried to crack m elon seeds neatly with my teeth, drank some of the greengold tea which Mr. Chun hospitably provided, and looked at the audience.

A modern playlet concluded the entertainment. I am sorry to say that it was even better received than ' The Obedient Son.' Certainly it was in marked contrast with that lofty dram a. Its nearest English counterpart would be a cross-talk sketch on a music-hall stage. It was called 'Married to the Wrong One ' needless to say, a comedy of errors . The caste was small; th e girl was rather pretty, but it was the inevitable buffoons who bore the brunt of the show, the one boisterous, the other lugubrious; and, sure enough, their noses were reddened and their voices expensively fruity. Dress was now everyday, and speech the common vernacular. The jests of the clowns were uproariously received, but they defeated me. At the first salvo I applied to Lo for elucidation ; but not again. I should say that there is no censorship of the Chinese stage.

And so, after sincere protestations of thanks, back through the moonlight and welc~me fresh evening air to the inn for supper, bath a nd bed. Apparently yet a third drama, if only a domestic one, was enacted that night, for I see that the last entry in my diary runs, 'Mustn't try to kill mosquitoes on paper windows.' A solemn' thought.

E. G. PRICE.

ORDERS FOR THE BUTTERIE.

T

HE regulations for the Buttery of the Hall (Rawlinson MS. 9 I z, ff. 539-40) that are here printed are preserved among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian. They bear a note in Thomas H earne's handwriting stating that they were 'found amongst Dr. Crosthwaite's Official Papers.' These ' Orders for the Butterie ' are included among certain papers relating to the administration

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of the Hall that passed into the hands of Dr. Crosthwaite on his abortive election to the principalship in r684. I think it is probable that they were drawn up by Dr. Tullie, as the other papers that came into Dr. Crosthwaite's hands and are now preserved in the Bodleian Library are definitely assignable to the principalship of Dr. Tullie (1658-76) and not to that of his successor, Stephen Penton (1676-84).

These Orders are worth printing for their own sake, for all material that throws light on life in College or Hall during the seventeenth century is welcome'. But for us they have an added interest, as they were probably the first to be posted on the walls of the present Buttery, which 'was reconstructed by Dr. Tullie in 1659=ORDERs FOR THE BuTTERIE.

No Tradesman or Townsman whatsoever, their Children, Servants or Apprentices shall have any Pots, Pitchers or Flagons of Beer upon any Undergraduate's name without the express consent of his Tutor by word of mouth or under his hand or upon any Baehr of Arts his name without the like consent of the Principal or Vice-Principal in his absence. And if the Butler or UnderButler or Butler's boy shall deliver any Beer in what quantity soever contrary to this Order, he or they shall be mulcted toties quoties the summe of One shilling for the Stock of the Hall without any remission in whole or in part. The Butler to pay for his Boy. 2. No Scholar under the degree of a compleat Baehr in Arts shall without express leave of ye Principl, Vice-Principl or his Tutor bring into the Butterie any Schollar of another house, Townsman or stranger Except he be a near Relacion upon the penaltie of 6d. for the first Offence & rs. toties quoties for the rest, Or commutacion into some Publique Proportionable Exercise.

And the Butler or Under-Butler shall give speedy notice of every such Offence to the Principl or Vice-Principl upon paine of rs. for every default.

3¡ None under the degree of Mastr shall without such leave as before expressed be permitted to have any Beer to his Chambr at one Beavering or Buttery time above penny halfe penny at the most upon paine of 6d. a time both to the receiver and the Butler for the Publique Stock.

4¡ No Upper Commoner shall battle in the Buttery Book above 7s. 6d. by the Weeke. No Baehr or Commoner above 6s. No Semi-Commoner above ss. No Servitor in the Hall above zs. upon such penalty toties quoties as the Principl or Vice-Principl in his L

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absence shall judge reasonable to inflict, [nor shall any allowance be made for ye entertainment of any Stranger whatsoever, whether in ye Buttery or in their Chambers].路* 5路 No Undergraduate shall have any Commons above his Ordinary allowance without the expres leave of the Principl or VicePrincipl or his Tutor. Nor shall any Meal be dressed extraordinary in the Kitchen for any such without the like leave. And if the Cook shall presume to do any thing contrary to this Order he shall be mulcted for every such offence zs.

6. The Servitor who has the week shall constantly attend in the Hall at Beavering time from the beginning to the end (or at least get some other to supply his absence) upon such severe penalty for every default as the Principl or Vice-Principl in his absence shall think fit. If any U nclergracluate not allowed expressly by the Principl shall come into the Butterie save only to view his name (without any need to stay) at the time formerly allowed, he shall for the first & second Offence be mulcted with 6d. without any remission & for the third cleclaime publiquely in the Hall the Theme given him by the Principl or Vice-Principl, And the Declamacion perused & allowed under the hand of his Tutor before he speake it, & in case of default herein without speedy submission to such farther penalty as shall be inflicted he shall be proceeded agt as a contumacious disturber of the governmt without hopes o.f a discessit. The Butler is to give notice of wilfull Offenclrs herein to the Principl or Vice-Principl upon payne of 6d. for every neglect.

The Mastrs are desired for this end to look frequently into the Buttery & each Baehr of 7 Terms standing, if he find any such there, shall have power to mulct him or them 6d. a peece, acquainting the Tutor speedily wth the same.

7路 The Butler shall not b e absent from his Office at any time, but in case of knowne sickness without leave from ye Principl or Vice-Principl upon paine of JS. for every such Offence to be reserved for the Publique Stock.

8. The weekes battles shall be all cast up by Munday at five a Clock in the evening路 at farthest, subscribed by the Steward for the former Week who is diligently to examine that Accot; And the Butler for every neglect herein shall be mulcted zs. and JS. for every whole clays neglect afte r. And on every Tuesday after Dinner the Book shall be .. carriecl to the Principl or Vice-Principl or ye next Senr Tutor Mastr to continue wth him till five in ye evening. *A later insertion .

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, 9· What person soever under . the degree of Mastr (who is also a Tt)tor). shall neglect to pay the full summe of his battles 5 Weekes after the end of ye last qua r, his name shall be forthwth stop't till such paymt be m ade. And if ye Butler shall neglect to give tim ely notice in Writing· to the Principl or Vice-Principl in his absence of - ~uch Arrears he shall be mulcted for every person so in Arrears zs. 6a. to the Publique Stock. And if he shall neglect to do so for th e whole second Qua rtr his mulct for every person concern'd shkll be double. · ro. The Butler shall set nothing on any man' s name in his Book but what is called either by himselfe or - his servitor, Or at least by some servitor of the Hall upon the penaltie of rs. toties quoties. And if any Servitor shall presume to call anything upon another's name without his express leave & order he shall forfeit all that quars allowance besides wt other punishmt shall be thought meet for so g reat a crime. r I. The Butler shall cleer and even all Accots wth the Chaplain, Moderators, Servitors of the H a ll and servants of the house within 7 Weekes after the Quar day at farthest; As also wth the Brewers and Bakers within 9 Weekes at farthest upon paine of ros. And if all due in the former Quar be not still deer' d before the end of the next He shall be mulcted zos. and zs. 6d. for every Weekes neglect after to the Publique Stock. r 2. The Stewards are also to take speciall care that all Arrears to the Butler (if any shall happen) dureing their respective weekes shall be fully discharg 'd and if not to give speedy notice to the Principl or Vice-Principl.

A.B.E.

SOME HINTS ON SEVEN~A~SIDE 'RUGGER.' THE FoRMATION.

·Three forwards, packing in one row.

A . serum half.

Stand-off half.

Centre three-quarter . . The seventh player may be called a full-back or a wing three· · quarter. It will be best to call him a wing three-quarter.

TiiE

FORWARDS.

· (r) (z) (3) (4)

Must be able to ha ndle and pass like three-quarters.

They must be fast.

They must concentrate on feeding their three-quarters.

It is essential that they break up from all serums quickly.

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.Method of Scrummaging.

They must pack low with their backs horizontal. . The two outside men should have their inside feet forward and their outside feet thrust out diagonally. They should shove in towards the hooker. They must all bind tightly.

It is invaluable to the side to have a good hooker. When hooking the ball he should trap it and shove it out gently with the side of his foot. A sudden and hard heel in Se~en-a-side ' Rugger' can lead to disaster, because the opposing serum-half has just as . much chance as your own half of obtaining the ball.

In advanced Seven-a-side 'Rugger,' the following duties may be allotted to the forwards : In Attack.

The forward on the open side should endeavour to be up for the final pass from the wing or assist the wing or any other player as much as possible.

The hooker should follow down the middle of the field in order to be ready for a change of attack (or a cross-kick) .

The blind side forward s.hould cover the attack and be ready to act as full-back if the attack breaks down.

In Defence.

After breaking up as quickly as possible, forwards should make for the corner flag in order to cover the defence. They must concentrate upon getting round quickly for the loose serums in order to regain possession by means of a quick hed.

The forwards should heel the ball on every occasion, even when on their own line. The handling of their backs should be so reliable that passing movements may be started from their try line.

It is, at any rate, out of the question to wheel and dribble the ball when your serum consists of three men.

The Line-out.

A man who is good at line-out work is very useful, but none of the other assets of a forward (i.e. speed, tackling, handling) should be sacrificed in order to include a good line-out man. Because line-out work lends itself to artifice : (a) The forwards can be made to 'bunch,' and then a long pass can be thrown out over the heads of the forwards to the stand-off ha lf, who appears at the end of the line at the last moment. (b) The forwards can leave a gap in their line, into which the serum-half will throw the ball ; the stand-off half or another forward will run into the gap at the critical moment and catch the ball, a pre-arranged signal having been given.

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(c) A forward may run round to the front of the line at the last moment and take a short pass from the thrower-in. (N.B.ln some Seven-a-side competitions serums are taken whenever the ball goes into touch.)

SCRU!VI-HALF.

A break through from the base of the serum by the serum-half should invariably result in a try, and so the serum-half with a good break through is invaluable. Moreover, he is likely to have plenty of opportunities of doing this on the opposite side to the enemy serum-h alf. The serum-half after passing should position himself to assist the attack. It is best if he follows the attack round as far as possible ; he is then at hand to start another passing movement from loose serums, etc., and he is also thus well positioned in defence if the attack breaks down.

It is sometimes a good plan, when there is a serum near one side of the field, for the serum-half, after passing the ball, to run straight up the field ready to take possession from a cross-kicl{ from the wing man. This is apt to make for fast and rather exhausting running, and so should probably be used sparingly; but if other movements have been in use, it may catch the other side napping. , The serum-half is responsible for throwing the ball in from touch : he must practice throwing accurately .

THE STAND ¡ OFF HALF AND CENTRE THREE-QUARTER.

The stand-off half and centre three-quarter take up their normal 'Rugger' positions. It is usually advantageous for all backs to line up on the open side. Seven-a-side ' Rugger' gives great scope for the centre or stand-off half with a good cut through. The longer the passes that they are able to give (with safety), the more chance the wing man has of running round the opposition.

It is essential that the backs should take up their positions 'in depth':o Centre Three-quarter. o Wing or Full-back. o Stand-off Half. o Serum Half. o o o Forward.s.

0 0 0

"

o Serum Half. o Stand-off Half. o Centre Three-quarter. o Wing Three-quarter. o represents correct positions. o represents incorrect positions.

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The stand-off half and centre three-quarter must back up the wing man as soon as they have passed to him. Lobbed passes are fatal.

THE WING THREE-QUARTER.

The wing three-quarter is really the key position of a Seven-aside team. He must be the fastest player in the side, and at the same time must possess a great deal of football sense and initiative.

The wing man should take up his position about five or six yards behind his centre three-quarter, so that he can either come up outside his wing in attack or be able to get across and act as a full-back if opposition breaks through in, the centre.

Finally, it may be laid down as a general rule that all punting is dangerous. One might almost say that it should be entirely eliminated from the game, because it means loss of possession ; and the side with the ball should not Jose possession until they have scored, if only they employ the proper tactics. Naturally if the orthodox method is followed and the ball goes straight out to the wing, all things being equal, the defending side will smother the attack. It is in the development of the attack that there is most scope, more so than in ordinary 'Rugger,' f?r the finer points of the game.

First of all, intensive backing up by the whole team is absolutely essential. Every member of the team must be continually positioning himself so as to b.e able to carry on the movement ; by this means a slower and individually inferior team should be able to outwit a faster and super~or one.

The finer points of the game, such as the ' scissors ' movement, may be introduced.

Common but effective tactics, such as the dummy, side-step and reverse pass, may be employed; all these movements, however, need continual practice, especially the more complex ones, as does also the blind side drop out, both short distance and long distance, the former being the more effective. However, for the ordinary kick-offs the kicker must be careful not to kick the ball too far, or he will not give his forwards time to rush the opposition down and they will gain possession. Another point of importance is that all scores should be made as far as possible underneath the posts, because in the short time that the game lasts the issue is often decided by the odd conversion.

The watchword of Seven-a-cside ' Rugger ' should be intensive backing up and accurate passing.

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A C'\UTION. Seven-a-side ' Rugger,' when well played, contains all that is best in the modern game; but it' played by people who have little knowledge of the game it is likely to have serious disadvantages.

It can encourage individualism, which tends to selfishness. It can also encourage running across the field, because the player has so much room to work in. It is very exhausting, and so the players need to be in very g·ood training. As a result, it can only be played for a short time . About seven minutes each way, with a two"minute interval, is the usual time on a full-sized pitch.

One of the main essentials of the game is good handling, and it is, therefore, necessary that players should be able to give and take passes well before attempting to play. c. F. CARDALE.

REVIEWS. Under this heading there are noticed or reviewed recently published books or articles that possess a special Aularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents. We shall be glad to have such books and articles brought to our notice.

CARTULARY !=JF 0SENEY ABBEY. Edited by the Rev. H. E. Salter, for the Oxford Historical Society. Vols. I and II. Oxford, rgzg.

In these two volumes there are printed over a thousand deeds relating to the property in Oxford owned by the Abbey of Oseney.

It is due to the indefatigable industry and exact scholarship of Mr. Salter that the unique wealth of Oxford in materials for the study of its medieval topography has been made so largely accessible in a series of volumes that have set a standard for the editing of ·d ocuments of this kind. For St. Edmund Hall these two volumes of the Oseney Cartulary have a special interest, for they comprise a record of the extensive property which made its medieval landlord the largest and wealthiest owner of property in Oxford. Among the deeds relating to the Abbey's property in the parish of St. Peter-in-the-East there are nine deeds (Nos. 316-324) that concern St. Edmund Hall. I made use of these deeds in my book, An Oxford Hall in Mediev·al Times, and included a summary of their contents in an appendix, but here they will be found printed in full for the first time. A fuller notice of these volumes must be postponed until the publication of the third, which, besides containing various miscellaneous deeds and the surviving rentals and accounts relating to the Oxford property of the Abbey, will include the indispensable index .

A.B.E.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE V.

71

s,

S. CoLEs. Letters, Papers, Addresses, Hymns· and Verses, with a Memoir. Edited by 'the Rev. J. F. Briscoe. With a Preface by the Rig-ht Rev. Bishop Gore. 1930. London: Mowbray & Co. 7s. 6d.

Canon 'Coles numbered Dr. Liddon among his dearest and closest friends. When he went up to Balliol in 1864, he found Liddon widely recognised among his undergraduate contempcir~ aries as a spiritual leader of unusual power. In 1866 he was elected a member of the Hexameron Essay Club which Liddon had formed for the discussion of theological · questions among abler undergraduates. The Bampton Lectures which Liddon delivered in that year were the great event of Cole's undergraduate days.

From three of the papers selected for inclusion in this admirable memorial volume a vivid impression may be gained of the deep influence which the friendship and teaching of Dr. Liddon had on a priest who during a long life exhibited his own distinctive genius as a spiritual guide. In the first of these three papers Canon Coles gives his recollections of fifty years of the Catholic Revival ; in the second, his recollections of twenty-five years at Pusey House; and in the third, a paper read at Liddon House in 1908, he makes Dr. Liddon his subject. ' Those who had the joy of knowing Dr. Liddon,' he says, ' still feel that more is needed to make a generation which did not see and hear him realize the charm and the power with which he served the cause of Catholicity in the English Church.' There are many passages in these papers that will help to do this. His long intimacy with Dr. Liddon enables him not only to write with lively appreciation of Liddon's achievement, but also to touch with all the sympathy of an understanding friendship upon the disappointments of Liddon's career, and especially upon that which the publication of Lu.x Mundi brought him. 'Those who knew him best will tell us, ' writes Canon Coles in the conclusion of his address on Dr. Liddon, ' that at times he was greatly saddened by what seemed to him the failure of his cherished plans.

I should venture to suppose that one of the instances of which he may have thought was the failure in the Schools of some of his pupils at St. Edmund Hall. If this was so, it is interesting to observe that · some, at least, of those who passed from his . tuition without degrees have been amongst the most valued parish priests of their generation, and that the character which he impressed upon St. Edmund Hall has never, through many vicissitudes, been lost. ' A.B.E.

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ToRYISM AND THE PEOPLE, 1832-1846. By R. L. Hill. With Foreword by Keith Feiling. 1929. Constable. Ios. 6d. pp. 278.

In this interesting study Mr. Hill sets out, as he explains in the preface, 'to examine the points of contact between the Tory party and the working classes during the fourteen years which separate the passing of the First Reform Act and the debacle of 1846.' The history of the Tory party during this period has been comparatively neglected. The works of the Webbs and the Hammonds, though confined to the social and economic movements of the Left Wing, have, however, stimulated interest in the activities of the Die-hard Right, and it is to this new orientation of research that we owe Mr. Hill's attempt to provide for Tory social ideas an historical ancestry dating from the troubled years usually associated with the excesses of Chartists and Radicals.

In spite of the changes in social and economic life produced by the Industrial Revolution, the strength of the Parliamentary Tory party up to 1846 was based upon the land. The Tory benches at Westminster relied on the support of the country gentry, who, together with the clergy, were still firm in their faith to the old order in Church and State and vigorously opposed the LiberalDissenting views of the new manufacturing class. There were more shades of Tory opinion than those represented in the Commons. The political structure of Great Britain was ' territorial ' ; there was one Toryism in Yorkshire, another in the Eastern Counties, and neither could be regarded as identical with the other; each was influenced by local conditions and inherited prejudices which preserved a ¡c ertain spirit of independence. Sadler and Oastler, working in the industrial towns of the North, and Parson Bull, working among the coal miners, were all educating the Tory party in its duty towards the working classes, though the country gentleman propably read with feelings approaching indignation that, during the Leeds election fight of 1832, Mr. Sadler was supported by a bodyguard of hooligans of the worst type and that Oastler played the demogogue to the hungry working men of the West Riding.

The question of Trades Unionism illustrates very forcibly the mistake of thinking that Toryism in 1832 wa¡s a homogeneous body with a common policy. To the Westminster Tories the concession of the right of combination among the working classes set up an imperium in imperio and was incompatible with the maintenance of order in a civilised community. The progressive elements within the party, represented by Sadler and Ashley, looked askance at the movement but were not definitely hostile. Alison, the

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Recorder of Glasgow, gave a conditional approva l ; combination was 'th e natural resource of the weak against the strong, the poor against the rich, the oppressed against the oppressors. ' But combinations for the purpose of strikes were a different matter; these he loathed beyond measure as ' worse than plague, p estilence or famine . ' When the movement invaded the countryside , the sacred preserve of Toryism, the ruling classes were at once up in arms to main tain their position, and the Dorchester persecution of r837 taught rrre farm labourers that there was not only a great difference between urban and rura l discontent, but that the Tories, even of the progressive type, were not disposed to allow their tenants to develop along the lines of the industrial classes growing up lordless and godless in the towns of the North.

Mr. Hill works out the various aspects of the Tory attitude towards Peel's extension of the party machine in the provinces after r832, towards the Tory-Radical opposition of the N ew Poor L aw , and he deals with the question of Factory Reform. The change from a rural to an industrialised England brought about the growing community of interest between the Radicals and one section of the Tory party. The Radical accepted the industrial changes and sought to control them in the interests of the working classes; to the Tory they were but an excrescence to b e swept away to facilitate a r eturn to the feudal, patriarch al economy of an earlier time. These varying fo rces and aspirations are shown at work until in r846 the old country party disappeared and the ' reality of power and the control of the national affairs passed to the manufacturing interests an d to classes uninspired by contact with the soil.'

J. L. TADMAN. THE WHEEL OF FIRE. Essays in Interpretati-on of Shakespeare's Sombre Tragedies. By G. Wilson Knight. 1930. Oxford University Press. rzs. 6d.

Mr. Wilson Knight's essays are as brilliant as they a re unconvincing. We have no fault to find with them as essays: the style is attractive, the discussion well ordered, and at no time can the reader complain that his attention is allowed to wander. The author has much to say about the tragedies which is worthy of notice; but nevertheless the book as a whole leaves us with the impression that it has failed to achieve its object.

The difficulty lies in the first essay, ' On the Principles of Shakespeare Interpreta tion.' It is definitely a challenge. We read that the author presents 'an interpretation of Shakespeare's work which may tend at first t o confuse and perhaps even to repel

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the reader.' In considering Shakespeare's plays, 'we should not think critically at all: we should interpret our original imaginative experience into the slower consciousness of logic and intellect, preserving something of that child-like faith which we possess, or should possess, in the theatre.' It is the merit of 'interpretation' that it 'uncritically and passively . .. receives the whole of the poet's vision; it then proceeds to re-express this experience in its own terms.' To interpret successfully, ' one must be prepared to see the whole play in space as well as in time' ; that is, one must appreciate in the drama 'a set of correspondences which relate to each other independently of the time-sequence which is the story.'

This is called by Mr. Wilson Knight the play's' atmosphere.' Study of ' sources,' ' intentions ' and ' character ' is set aside. It is the duty of the commentator to discuss Shakespeare's work with ' emotional sympathy and agility of intellect.' It is held that objective criticism-the discovery of technical faults and weaknesses in characterisation-leads to a false view of Shakespeare's qualities and mars_our appreciation of his plays as 'visionary units.'

The reader is led to expect great things by this essay. He anticipates the discovery of an entirely new approach to the reading of Shakespeare; he has the expectation of being first confused and then repelled; and above all he hopes to be helped towards a fuller appreciation of the tragedies. But none of these really happens. Instead of being confused, he is interested ; instead of being repelled, he is pleased. The approach is, after all, mainly objective.

Plays are taken in turn, and by a skilful use of quotation the characteristics of various members of the dramatis personae are exhibited, and the themes of the various tragedies are explaine!l clearly and well.

This is, in fact, quite a useful contribution to the interpretative criticism of Shakespeare. The author's point that technical faults .i n the plays as stage-material should be set aside seems rather irrelevant. Interpretative critics rarely concern themselves with this kind of flaw. On the other hand, there seems no good ~eason why the interpreter should have child-like faith and set aside all difficulties of characterisation. Mr. Wilson Knight feels that if the plays are regarded ' spatially ' these difficulties will vanish. But they do not. His ' interpretation' of the character of Iago is ingenious, but it is unsatisfactory. The statement that ' Iago is cynicism incarnate projected into action ' has been made before, but it is not sufficient to explain I ago's conduct even ' interpretatively.'

The book, then, fails to fulfil the reader's early expectation. It

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disappoints, however, only in this direction. The essay on ' Brutus and Macbeth ' has much to commend it, and the comparison of the two plays, Julius Caesar and Macbeth is illuminating. The treatm ent of Hamlet, in two clever essays, has certain features of interest, and after reading the paper on the ' Othello Music' no one can deny Mr. Wilson Knight's considerable appreciation of Shakespeare's poetry. In short, The Wheel of Fire is worth reading, if only for the fact that it holds the reader's attention and makes him think for himself.

W . V. REYNOLDS. NoTES ON THE HISTORY OF BAINTON CHURCH AND PARISH. By the Rev . CanonS. L. Ollard. 1930. Beverley.

Canon Ollard has performed for the church and parish of Bainton, of which he is rector, the same pious service as he per.:. formed for the church and parish of Dunsfold, in Surrey , where he was formerly rector. His familiarity with the sources of English Church History is well reflected in the variety of interesting in~ fomation that he has been able to collect. His dexterous weaving of all this material together has produced a most readable record, and one worthy of a beautiful church which patriots of the East Riding have entitled ' the cathedral of the Wolds.'

THE ELEMENTS OF FuGAL CoNSTRUCTIQN. By C. H. Kitson. Oxford: University Press. 7s. 6d.

Dr. Kitson in this lucidly written book on the writing of fug¡ues has added to the reputation which he has already gained as an instructive writer on musical composition by his previous volumes on harmony and counterpoint. With ample illustration, he treats very clearly and concisely of the principles g¡overning f ugal construction.

The Times of April f!S contained the first of two articles by Mr. K enneth Povey giving selections from some previously unpublished letters of William Cowper. All the letters, with one exception, were written to the Rev. John Newton. The first of the letters, dated 6 February, 178o, contains a reference to the Rev. Thomas Jones, one of the six students expelled from the Hall in 1768 for methodistical practices. At the elate of this letter Jon es was curate of Clifton Reynes, n ear Olney. ' I do not know,' writes Cowper to Newton, 'how long Mr. Jones may continue to officiate in this place, but if you should write to him before his Ministry closes, perhaps it would be worth your while to caution him against ass uming the Politician's character in the Pulpit. I suppose he is

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but indifferently qualified for a statesman, and his hearers on such subjects may be nearly as wise as he can make them.' It is to be hoped that Mr. Newton wrote to Mr. Jones and that the latter accepted the caution : at any rate, he continued curate at Clifton Reynes for another twelve years.

Mr. F. E. Ray has contributed a paper on The Supposed Alpha, Beta, Beta-Trime thy~glutaric Acid of Noyes and Skinner and a paper on Decomposition of Optically Active Diazo Compounds to The Journal of th e American Chemical Society, Vol. 51, 930 (1929) and Vol. 52, 3004 ( 1930).

Mr. A. E. Ellis has contributed three articles on Animal Associations to The School Scienc e R eview for October, 1929, and March and October, 1930. He deals very instructively with the sub jects of Commensalism, Parasitism a nd Symbiosis.

The January number of The Holborn Review contained an interesting article on The Place of Mechanics' Institut es in the History of Working Class Education, by Mr. C. Lummis.

A. W. Read, having located the first snowstorm to be called a ' blizzard' as one that took place in the neighbourhood of Estherville in the north-west of Iowa a bout the year 187o, sho'Ys. good reason in the February number of American Speech for resisting the claims put forward on behalf of Minnesota, Texas, and South Dakota for this distinction. ¡ Under the title of Rhodes Scholar, A. W. Read contributed an amusing article t o The American Oxonian (July, 1930) which any member of the Hall will recognize as purporting to describe the apprehensions felt by a Rhodes Scholar from Iowa on the occasion of the .formal admission of freshmen to the Hall as he waits to A.B.E. answer his name at the preliminary roll-call.

DEGREES. February 15, 1930.

May I. June 6.

July 19.

August 2.

B.A.: Rev. Ll. P. Burnett, J. M. Knowles.

M . A.: A. B. D ex. B.A.: J. C. Toland.

M.A . : E. P. Brice, Rev. E. Royle. B. Mus.: E. P. Brice. B.A.: R. H. Barff.

B.A.: D. E. M. G. J ones, E. R. Welles.

M.A.: A. C. Belchamber, L. N. Harvey, J. L. Hill. B.Litt.: W. R. Niblett. B.A.: C. R. Hiscocks, J . N : C. Holland, F. R. H. Murray, R. S. Orchard, H. E. Pegg, W. V. Reynolds.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE October r6.

November

22.

December 17.

77

M.A.: Rev. F. M. D. Richards, Rev. J. H. A. Rusbridger, R. Sim. B.A.: A. C. Hordern, G. M. Mercer, N. C. Moses, D. K. Munro, K. C. Oliver, R. M. Parker, A. J. Phillips, A. E. A. Sulston, R. C. Thomas.

M.A.: J. F. ,Hopkinson. B.A.. ': J. M. C. Clayton, H. F. Green.

B.A.: D. L. Bird.

MATRICUL(\TIONS. MrcHAELMAs TERM.

Exhibitioner: Holt, William Arthur (Bradford Grammar School).

Commoners: Andrews, Harold John (Brentwood School, Essex).

Bowden, Edward James (St. Bees School).

Bradley, John (Dean Close School, Cheltenham).

Brown, Arthur Donal (St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate).

Burrough, Evan Jerome Ridgway(St. Edward's Sch., Oxford).

Charlton, William (Peter Symonds School, \Vinchester).

Ducker, Francis Edward Robert (Roan School, Greenwich).

Fraser, Duncan (Brown University, Providence, U.S.A.).

Hayes, Claude James (Ardingly College).

Haynes, Herbert George (Magdalen College School, Oxford).

Heard, Ernest Alfred Henry (King Edward VI School, Southampton).

Herbert, William Leslie (King's College, London).

Hopewell, Arthur George (Lower School, Rugby).

Jones , Charles Stanley (Merchant Taylors' School, Gt. Crosby).

Keen, George Silvester (Bradford Grammar School).

Lobb, Donald John Amos (Merchant Taylors' School, London).

Lotan, Francis Derek (Bedford Modern School).

Mason, Geoffrey William (Ardingly College).

Moyse-Bartlett, Hubert (Queen Elizabeth's Sch., Hartlebury).

Nield, Joseph Clive (Sydney University, N.S.W.).

Okely, Francis Theodore (Dulwich College).

Phillips, Edward Leigh (Eltham College).

Reid, Charles Carlow (Mill Hill School).

Robinson, Alwyn (Nunthorpe Secondary School).

Ross, Alexander Fraser (Aberdeen University).

Sandison, Robert Arnold (Caterham School).

Savory, Herbert Newman (Magdalen College School, Oxford).

78.

ST. EDMUND HA L L MAGAZINE Scott, Maurice Woodford (Marlborough College).

Tait, James Francis (Crypt Grammar School, Gloucester) .

Thwaites, Edward Mciver (Brigh ton College).

Timms, George Boorne (Derby School).

Toland , Br ian Edgell (St. Edward's School, Oxford).

Vidal-Ha ll , Maurice Patrie (Exeter School).

Ward , Basil Bowen (The Lodge School, Barbadoes, B.W.I. ).

Weatherston, John George (Christ's H ospital). · White, George Henry William (King Edward VI School, Stafford).

Woodford, Thomas Gordon Charles (King Edward V I School, Southampton) .

Worrall, Cyril Charles H azel (Chtircher's School, Petersfield).

Young, Alwyne Jack (Colston's School, Bristol).

THE NEW BUILDING FUND. We very gratefully record below the Fifth List of Subscriptions that have been received for the New-Building Fund :-

£ Total subscriptions for I927, I928 and I,7I8 I929, brought forward *Rev. A. R. Browne-\i\Tilkinson Rev. C. V. Browne-Wilkinson 20 t A. R. Clark I t A. E . E llis t Rev. F. J . Fish t Rev. S. A. Howard 5 -;- Sir Mark Hunter 5 *Rev. W. G. Boys J ohnston 5 *V. W. Miles t Rev. R. H. O'Donovan £I,759

•

s. d.

7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0

0 5

5 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 II

*si g nifies 4th instalment . t signifies sth instalment. t signifies 8th instalmen t.

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND. There is recorded here, with very grateful acknowledgment, the Second L ist of those who, in response to the Liddon Centenary Appeal, have contributed to the format ion of a Liddon Exhibition Fund . It is proposed that this Fund shall remain open in the hope

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE that it may be gradually augmented so as to provide at Exhibition a year of the annual value of £25. £ s.

Miss M. J. Archer-Houblon s 0 Rev. Canon A. D. Barker 3 3 2 2 H. A. Blair IO 0 Rev. J. W. Blair ...

IO Rev. W. leN. Bower IO 0 Mr. and Mrs. G. R. Brewis Rev. J. S. Brewis so 0 IO K. M. Bishop 2 2 Rev. T. T. Blockley IO Miss Burder Rev. A. D. Burnett IO The Right Rev. the Bishop of Carlisle .. . so 0 Rev. E. S. Carpenter Rev. H. J. Carpenter 2 I2 Miss Chichester .. .1 Miss Mary Cocks .. .

IO Miss Somers Cocks 0 Rev. S . Cornish I 0 Rev. F. G. Croom 2I 0 Rev. T. H. Croxall IO Rev. R. H. S. Currey I 0 Rev. H. V. S. Eck I 0 A. B. Emden 2S 0 Rev. W. D. Filliter IO Rev. R. F. W. Fletcher 2 2 Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher 2 2 Rev. A. Pickard Hall IO Cecil Harmsworth IS 0 Mrs. Frank Hinde 2 IO Rev. G. H. Hodge 0 Rev. Professor L. Hodgson 0 Miss Hussey 0 G. H. H. I 0 Rev. Canon G. M. Isaac 2 0 C. E. Jarvis IO 0 Rev. E. H. Kinder Miss L. L. King ...

IO 0 A. H. Lewis s s Major and Mrs. Liddon I2 IO Rev. S. Harrington Littell IO 4 Rev. T. P. Mannington ...

IO Rev. Canon Myers 2S 0 The la te Rev. Canon Newbolt 2 0 Rev. S. Spencer Pearce 0 Rev. E. ]. Randal'!

4 Rev. W. C. Roberts IO 2 0 St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory Members of St. Edmund Hall Ordinands' Society: A. D. Bailey, W. W. ]. Bolland, C. F. Cardale, D.]. Cockle, C. A.

79

least one d.

0

0 0

0

6 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0

6 0 0

6 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

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6 0 0

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80

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Coomber, R. G. Cornwell, Rev. R. F. W. Fletcher, A. Goudge, H. Hedley, ]. N. C. Holland, A. C. Hordern, P. S. Hordern, N. A. H. Lawrance, W . W. S. March, C. H. Nesbitt, K . C. Oliver, H. E. Pegg, N. A. Perry-Gore, A. F. Rose, A. L. M. Sellwood, C. C. Shaw, A. E. A. Sulstori (Chai1'man), C. H. Sutton (Secretary), F. J. Tackley, J. H. Torrens, F. H. Trott, G. S. Wamsley, E. R. Welles, H. S . 0. Wood, J. C. Yates St. Edmund Hall Magazine, Editors of, towards expenses of printing Liddon Centenary Memoir E. F. Salmon Rev. C. P. Shipton F. J. Tackley Rev. A. 0 . Tisdall Miss A. M. Watson Miss E. T. Williams Rev. Vv. Upton Wooler Carried forward from 1St List of Subscribers, 1929 Messrs. Mowbray & Co., Commission on sales of the CentenarY' M emoi1'

5 () 25

0

0

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0

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4 4 340

0

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The share of the Hall in the expenditure incidental to the commemoration of the centenary has. amounted to £48 14s. gd. in printing and postag:e. This includes a half share of the cost of the printing and publication of the Centena-ry Memoir. The sum of £soo has been invested in Metropolitan Water 'B' Stock.

ORGAN RENOVATION FUND. Gift of the Aularian Associat ion Rev. A. F. ]. Danneman Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene Chapel Collections

£ 43

s. d.

0 0 I

0

2

2

0

20

0

0

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£66

81

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION. RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT for the yea1· ending June 3oth, 1930.

RECEIPTS.

£ Subscriptions previous to April

s. d.

£

s. d.

go

8

6

£r66 15

2

1,

1929:

For Membership , Magazine , , Activities Fund Subscriptions April r, June 30, 1930: For Membership ,, Magazine , , Activities Fund

26 6 43 1929,

IS

6 4

8 6 6

to 36

5

0

IS

12

6

38

II

0

PAYMENTS.

£

R~ Murry, Esq., for Portrait H olywell Press Postages

35 27

. ..

s. d.

6 2 6

10

Balance to be carried forward .. .

B.

s. d.

0

----

J.

£

10

63

3

103

12

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ALLAN,

Hon. Tr easurer.

Audited and found correct.

H.

c.

INGLE ,

H on. Auditor.

July

1, 1930.