St Edmund Hall Magazine 1934-35

St. Edmund Hall Magazine

1934

• OXFORD THE HOL YWELL PRESS. ALFRED STREET

THE HALL GROUP, 1934.

KEY TO THE HALL GROUP, 1934.

Th e nam.es a. re given from left to right as viewed by th e reade·r.

Back Row.-P. C. Birkinshaw, P. H. Rogers, 0 . D. C . W. King-Wood, S. E. Bradsha w, A. M. Urquhart, T. E. M. Ashton, J. L. Pinniger, R. C. H asti e Smith, G. R . Shield, D. G. T. Hick s, R. A. Cruse, K . R . Prebble, E. F. A. Suttle, T . R . J a ckson, L . T. Podmore, F. M. A. Farrer, R. G. R . Calvert, C. C. R eid .

Fifth Row.-S . H. Rumsey, K. D. Luke, G. A. Forrest, J. F. Martin, R. G. Pusey, J.C. C. Shapla nd, P. G. La nghorn e, J. N. Shaw, A. P. L. Slater, P.H. G. Newhouse, J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn, J . C. Ada mson, G. W. McNaught, F . H . H. Finch, 0. T . Brown, E. E . Lowe, E. W . Slaughter, W. Wall ace, H. H. E . P eacock.

Fourth Row.-J. McDona ugh, F. Ma rtin, F . Cook e, B. R. S. Mainwaring. P. W itherington, W. E . Alderson, R . Byrom, J. Lee , C. A. J. Cox, S. W. H a rdisty, A. L. Crowe, B. W. Whitlow, F . H. Frankcom, J. H. Boot hroyd , F. L . W. Eade, R. Abercrombie, K. R. W. Mil ler, J . H . H odson, M. Y. Ffrench-Willi ams, G. M. Burnett, J . P. Gutch, J. E . Mowll.

Thi-Yd Row .-H. K. Pusey, A. R obinson , K. Brooksba nk , A. Monkma n, R. J. Vaughan, W. J. Meredith, A. J enkin s, M. Wall, T. A. Littleton, J. E . Frame, H. G. Edwa rds , M. F. Coop er, P. C. P a lmer, M. R. Brown, R. F. Burnett, B. E. Tol and, I. E. N. Besley, D . W. Bigley, D. H. Willson, D. J. Gillam, L. G . Holmes, I. M. Sciortino, E. T. H a lstea d, E. E . Hughes, H. R. Orton.

Second Row, sea ted. -L. P. Mosdell , G. T. Brett, G. S. Keen, C. W . Boothroyd, C. J. H ayes, J. M. Edmond s, C. C. Hugh es, R ev. R. F. W. Fletch er, R ev. J. S. Brewis (Vice- Principa l), H . E. Pac ker (Pres ident of the J.C . R. ), Mr. A. B. Emd en (Principa l), Mr. G. R. Brewis (Seni or Tutor) , Dr. H.J. Hunt, R ev. A. M. Fa rrer (Chapl a in ), C. J . Ma bey, F. T. Ok ely, T. G. C. W oodford, A. G . H ope well, W . L. H erbert, G. H . W . White, B. B. W a rd, T. J. Childs.

Front Row .-J. C. E. H ayte r, 0. J. Matthews, F . W. Dawson, H . F. Cook, L. W. Kenn a n, T . P. H a merton, E. F. Foxton, T. M. F. Rogers, A. J. H ea ley, A. P . Morice, R. 0 . Barritt, M. J. Mortimer.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. III, No. 4.

DECEMBER, i934.

EDITORS. 1934-35. G.

J.

A. FORREST, C. ADAMSON,

Editor.

Asst. Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF APPOINTMENTS.

HE Principal has been appointed Chairman of the Governing Body of St. Edward's School.

Dr. H. J. Hunt has been appointed University Lecturer in French History .

The Rev. A. M. Farrer has been appointed Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Peterborough.

T

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE. HALL

It is with great regret that we record the death of Sir vValter Buchanan-Riddell, Bart., sometime Principal of H ertford College , one of the Trustees of the H a ll. Sir vValter Riddell was appointed in 1929 by the Hebdomada l Council to be one of its two representatives among the six Trustees of the H a ll. ' i\T e welcome the appointment of Mr. C. R. M. F. Cruttwell, his successor as Principal of Hertford College, to be Trustee in his place.

OF CONGRATULATIONS.

The congratulations of the Hall are due : To the Vice-Principal, the Rev. J. S. Brewis, on his engagement to the Hon . Anne Palmer, eldest da ughter of Viscount and Viscountess Wolmer. Miss Palmer, who w~s an Exhibitioner in Natural Science at Somerville College, obtained a Second in the Final Honour School of Natural Science (Zoology) in June.

To Dr. H. J. Hunt on his appointment as University Lecturer in French History.

To J. Fletcher Cooke on passing into the Home Civil Service and coming within two marks of the first place in the examination.

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ST. EDMUND HALL l\IAGAZINE

To] . M. Edmonds and G. S. Cansdale on proceeding to the d egree of B. Sc. To A. F. Colborn on qualifying for the degree of B.Litt.

To C. P. R. Clarke on qualifying for the degree of B. Litt. and on being adjudged worthy of distinction in the examination in the Theory , History and Practice of Education.

To F. C. Bazett-Jones and B. Seton on proceeding to the degree of B.Mus. To R. ]. Vaughan on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

To H. N. Savory on being placed in the First Class in the Fin a l Honour School of Literae Humaniores, a nd on being appointed a Senior Exhibitioner of the Hall.

To all other members of the Hall who ab examinatoribus honore digni sunt habiti, especially to the following, who were placed in th e Second Class in their r espective Honour Schools : M. Wall (Honour Classical Moderations); E. F. A. Suttle (Honour Mathematical Moderations); F . Cooke, D. ]. Gillam, ]. Lawless, E. E; Lowe, K. Mortimore, H. R. Orton, H. E. Packer, P . C. Palmer and G. Thomas (Modern Languages); K. D. Belden, E. E. Hughes, J. McDonaugh, vV. J. Meredith, S. F. Parsons, C. C. Reid and E. W. Slaughte1· (Modern History); T. ]. Childs, G. K. B. Evens, A. Monkman and B. B. \i\Tard (English Language and Literature).

To C. J. Hayes on being awarded a Zaharoff Travelling Scholarship in French and a Research Scholarship of the British Institute in Paris.

To W. G. Fallows on being awarded a Goldsmiths' Company's Exhibition in Modern History.

To J. Park on being awarded a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in French.

To W. A. Nield on being elected Hon. Chairman of the Oxford University Labour Club .

To G. A. Forrest and H. H. E. Peacock on being elected members of the Standing Committee an.cl \V. A. Nield on being elected a member of the Library Committee of the Oxford Union Society.

To C. ]. Mabey on his captaincy of the Oxford University Centipedes Team which won the Universities Athletic Union CrossCountry Championsh ip at Swansea in a record time for the course, and on beating jointly with L. S. Powell, of St. Catherine' s Society, the record time for the 7~ miles Shotover course by 6 seconds.

To T. G. C . Woodford on being awarded his 'Blue' and on. playing for the University against Cambridge in Hockey.

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3

To J . Lee on being awarded his 'Blue' and on playing for the University against Cambridge in Association Football.

To H. G. Edward s on r.unning for the University for the second time in the Cross-Country Meeting against Cambridge.

To M. Y. Ffrench-Williams on being awarded his ' Half-Blue,' on swimming and playi ng water-polo for the University against Cambridge, on running for the University in the Relays Race against Cambridge, on wi nning the Putting-the-Weight and 22o Yards Hurdles in the Senior Sports, on representing England in swimming at the Empire Games, and Great Britain in the European Swimming Games at Magdeburg, and on being elected Hon. Secretary of the Oxford University Swimming Club.

To W. A. Nield on being awarded his ' Half-Blue ' and on playing for the University against Cambridge in Lacrosse.

To C. C. Hughes on being awarded his R epresentative Colours and on representing th e University in sabres in the Fencing Competition against Cambridge.

To I. M. Sciortino a nd J . P. Burrough on rowing in the winning Trial Eight and on being awarded their Trial Caps.

To T. M. F. Rogers on rowing in the Isis crew which entered for the Thames Cup at Henley Regatta.

To C. C. Reid on playing Rugby Football for the University.

To F. Martin on playing Rugby Football for the University and on being elected to the Greyhounds.

To W. Wallace and H. R. Thomas ~n swimming for the University.

TQ R. A. Cruse, J. K. J arvie and H. G. Edwards on winning the Half-Mile, . Mile and Three Miles respectively in the Second Division of the Inter-Collegiate Sports.

To J. A. Brett on being elected to the Greyhounds.

To R. A. Cruse and J. K. Jarvie on being elected to the Centipedes.

To 0. D. C. W. King-,Vood on his notable performances in the 0. U.D.S., as Chorus in Marlowe's Faustus, and the Duke of Buckingham i.n Shakespeare's Ric}iard III. To J. C. Adamson on lending due humour to the parts of the Carter in Faustus, and the Lord Mayor of London in Richard III. To the First and Second Eights for breaking a University record in the Summer Eights by making fourteen bumps.

To the First Eight (P. H. Rogers, stroke; G. S. Keen, 7; I. M. Sciortino, 6; T. M. F. Rogers, 5 ; S. E. Bradshaw, 4; P. Wither-

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ington, 3; G. T. Brett, 2; A. M. Urquhart, bow; S. A. R. Guest, cox), and to Mr. D. S. Colman, Fellow of Queen's, their coach, on bumping Queen's, St. Catherine's, Pembroke, Keble, Magdalen II, Exeter and St. John 's, and on taking their boat into the First Division.

To the Second Eight (T. E. M. Ashton, stroke; L. T. Podmore, 7; 0. T. Brown, 6; F. L. W. Eade, 5; F. M.A. Farrer, 4; G. W. McNaught, 3; A. L. Crowe, 2; F. Vv. Dawson, bow; S. G. Rees, cox), and to L. W. Kennan, thei·r coach, on bumping Brasenose III, Jesus III, St. John's III, Oriel III, Queen's III, Balliol III and Christ Church III. To the Boat Club on winning the Pazolt Cup, which is awarded by the 0.U.B.C. to the College Boat Club with the best record of achievement for the year.

To the Swimming Team (W. Wallace, M. J. Mortimer, J. N. Shaw and M. Y. Ffrench-\Villiams) on winning the Inter-College Relays Cup. To the Clinker Four (S. E. Bradshaw, stroke; 0. T. Brown, 3; T. E. M. Ashton, 2; L. T. Podmore, bow; G. J. P. lVIerifield, cox) on retaining the Inter-College Clinker Fours Cup. To the Athletic Club, especially to H. G. Edwards, R. A. Cruse, J. K. Jarvie, L. P. Mosdell, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams, C. J. Hayes, J. N. Shaw and S. H. Rumsey, on securing promotion from the Second to the First Division in the Inter-College Sports.

OF

A SENIOR ExHIBITIONER.

H. N. Savory, who was placed in the First Class in the Final Examination of the Honour School of Literae Humaniores, has been appointed a Senior Exhibitioner of the Hall. He is being awarded grants by the University from the Craven and Derby Funds to enable him to undertake a course of research in Prehistory in Italy and Germany.

OF

EXHIBITIONS .

An Examina tion beginning on Tuesday, March i3 , was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French) of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : A. C. Bailey, H ymer's College, Hull (English).

E. L. Wright, Manchester Grammar School (French).

An Examination beginning on Tuesday, March 20, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

5

History, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made:G. Worth, Wyggeston School, Leicester (Classics). ]. C. Cain, Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham (Modern History).

Exhibition Examinations in 1935 will be held as follows : On Tuesday, March 19, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Lang·uag·es (English or French) of the annual value of £40.

On Tuesday, March 26, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Cla ssics or Modern History, each of the annual value of £40.

OF THE SCHOOLS.

1933.

In Scholci .Literarum Gra:ecarurn et Latina·r um: Cluss Ill, M. R. Brown (omitted in the list of results given in the last issue of the Jlfagazine).

HILARY TERM, 1934.

In Schola Lite·ra·rurn Graecarum et Latinarum: Class II, M. Wall.

Exarn·ina.toribus Sa.tisfecerunt: Group B.2, P. N. Langridge.

HILARY TERM,

TRINITY TERM.

In ]1frisprudentia: Class III, ]. N. Y.l. Leech, L. P. Mosdell, B. E. Toland.

In Scientia Naturali: In Chemia, Part I: P. Witherington.

In Sa.era Theologia.: Class III, R. ]. Lowe, C. R. Ollier.

In Literis Modernis: Class II, F. Cooke (in lingua Ga.llica. et Hispa.nica.), D. J. Gillam (in lingua Teutonica et Gallica), J. Lawless* (in lingua Hispa.nica et Gallica), E. E. Lowe (in lingua Gallica et Hispa.nica), K. Mortimore (in lingua Gallica et Teutonica), H. R. Orton (in lingua Gallien et Teutonica), H. E. Packer (in lingua Gallica), P. C. Palmer (in lingua Teutonica et Gallica), G. Thomas (in lingua Hispa.nica et Gallica); Class Ill, G. C. R. Barker (in lingua. Teu.tonica. et Gallica).

In Literis Hwnanioribus: Class I, H . N . Savory; Class III, A. D. Browne.

In Historia Moderna: Class II, K. D. Belden, E . E. Hughes, J. McDonaugh, W. J. Meredith, S. F. Parsons , C. C. Reid, E. W. Slaughter; Class III, W. Wallace, D. H. Willson.

In Literis Anglicis: Class II, T. J. Childs, G. K. B. Evens, A. Monkman, B. B. Ward; Class IV, G. T. Brett. *With distinction in the colloquial use of the Spanish language.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Irz Schola Philosophiae, Politicae et Oeconomiae: Class I, R. J. Vaughan; Class III, Rev. R. Horton.

In Schola Disciplinarum Mathematicarum: Class II, E. F. A. Suttle; Class III, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: G-roup A.1, E. J. R. Burrough, J. H. Hodson, J. E . Mowll; Group A.3, F. E. R. Ducker; Group B.2, L. W. Kennan; Grou.p D, R. G. R. Calvert, F. M. A. Farrer.

Diploma in Theology: S. A. R. Guest, E. L. Phillips.

Diploma in Geography: R. A. Sandison. · Diploma in Medieval and Modern A rt: A. F . Lee. Examination in the Theory, History and practice of Educllition: C. W. Boothroyd, C. P. R. Clarke (with distinction), A. B. Codling, vV. L. Herbert, A. G. Hopewell, G. S. Keen, A. Robinson, G. H. 'i\Thite, T. G. C. Woodford.

'i\'.

MICHAELMAS. TERM.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: Group A.3, C . C. Shaw; Group B.6, J. H. Hodson, J. N. Shaw; Group D, J. N. Keeling.

Diploma in Education: G. S. Bessey.

First E x amination for the Degree of B.Mus.: E . F. A. Suttle.

OF HIGHER DEGREES.

C. P.R. Clarke, B.A., having submitted a thesis on' Gibraltar as a British Possession to 1783' for the Degree of B.Litt., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Modern History.

A. F. Colborn, B.A., having submitted a thesis on 'A critical text of Hali Meiohad, together with a grammar and glossarial notes,' for the Degree of B. Litt., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of English Language and Literature. · G. S. Cansdale, B.A., having submitted a thesis on' A Critical Investigation of the Black Poplars and their Hybrids, and of certain morphological characters in the genus Populus,' for the Degree of B.Sc. , satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Biological Sciences.

J. M. Edmonds, B.A., having submitted a thesis on 'The Geology of New Friesland (Spitzbergen) and adjacent areas' for the Degree of B.Sc., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Faculty of Biological Sciences.

F. C. Bazett-Jones, B.A., and B. Seton, B.A., having submitted exercises for the Degree of B. Mus., have satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of Studies of Music.

· ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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OF MEMOR IAL GIFTS OF BOOKS.

Mr. and Mrs. H . H ayes have made a present to the Hall of the books of their son, H enry Trevor Hayes, who died on January 9 1 and an additional g ift of the sum of fi ve pounds for the purchase of classical books-a gift which they propose to renew annually in his memory .

Miss G. M. Bevan ha s presented to the Hall nineteen volumes from the library of her brother, the late Professor A. A. Bevan, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Mrs. Nolloth has presented to the Hall twenty-four volumes from the library of her husba nd, the late Dr. C. F. Nolloth, Honorary Fellow of Oriel College.

The best thanks of the Hall are due to the donors of these memorial gifts. Book-plates commemorating these gifts have been inserted in the books presented.

OF OTHER GIFTS.

The best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall during the year : To G. D. Cluer for his gift of a silver goblet of Elizabethan design, on going down.

To the Harold Buxton Trustees for a further gift of books bearing on the relations of Christianity and society.

To the Rev. H . C. Foster for the gift of R. I. \Vilberforce's Principles of Ch·r istianity, 2nd Edition, 1854.

To Mr. W. R. Warner for his gift of The Geographical Journal from 1924 to the present day.

To Miss G . M. Bevan for her gift of her book Portraits of the A rcbhishops of Cante~ ury.

To Mr. David Ogg, Fellow of New College, for his gift of his book England in the Reign of Charles II. To Dr. Percy A. Scholes for his gift of his book The Puritans and Music in England and New England.

DE ALMA UNIVERSITATE.

By a decree of Congregation passed on February 27, the Curators of the University Chest were authorized to pay to the Principal for the general purposes of the Hall the sum of £500 a year for two years from the first day of Michaelmas Term, 1934· By this decree the University again renews the grant which it has

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE been making to the Hall during the last ten years. All Aularians will note with gratitude the continuance of this substantial token of the interest of the University in the welfare and development of the Hall.

OF THE AuLARIAK AssocrAnoN.

The Aularian Association has made a grant of £75 to the Exhibition Fund which it instituted last year for sons of Aularians entering the Hall as undergraduates. Two exhibitions have been awarded from this Fund. The Association also most generously offered to bear the expenses incurred by the Boat Club in entering a crew for the Ladies Plate in the Henley Regatta, and contributed the sum of £100 for that purpose.

OF THE BOAT CLUB.

The achievements of the Boat Club this year are sufficiently noteworthy to merit special mention over and above the congratulations expressed in a previous paragraph. The Torpid went up two places in the First Division. In Summer Eights a second boat was put on for the first time in the history of the Club. Both Eights combined to make fourteen bumps - a record number of bumps in Eights for any Boat Club. The First Eight entered the First Division for the first time. To commemorate this fine achievement the Principal has presented the Boat Club with a silver punchbowl inscribed with the names of the two crews. The Pazolt Cup was awarded to the Boat Club by the 0.U.B.C. for having compiled' the best record of any Boat Club for the year. For the first time in the history of the Club the Hall was represented at Henley.

In Michaelmas Term a new academical year was well begun by the Clinker Four retaining the Inter-Collegiate Clinker Fours Cup which was won last year, and by two mem~rs of the Club rowing in Trial Eights, for the first time in the history of the Club. In the new Head of the River Race the First Eight started ninth and ended sixth-a good omen.

OF

A PAVILION.

Before the end of Trinity Term a pavilion was built for the Hall in the grove of trees that stands to the east of the hockey ground rented by the Amalgamated Clubs in the Parks. A Pavilion in the Parks ! This penetration on the part of the Hall into the very heart of the University Paradise has been made possible through the good offices of the Curators. To the Acting Curator, Dr. L. M.

.

.

THE l'!\VILIO N IN THE P ARKS .

THE 01:\'ING HALL, FROM THE GALLERY .

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Dudley Buxton, the Hall owes a specia l debt of gratitude for the great trouble he h a s taken in securing for the Amalgamated Clubs this privilege. The Pavilion was designed by Mr. R. Fielding Dodd, F.R. l.B .A ., and the work of construction carried out by Messrs. Symm and Company. As the cost was being met by the Amalgamated Clubs, Mr. Dodd waived his fees, and Messrs . S y.mm and Company charged only the cost of labour and materials. \ Ve record on behalf of the C lubs their heai-ty gratitude for this generosity.

OF

THE COTTAGE.

During the Easter Vacation the restoration of the Cottage at the east end of the Quadrangle, which is supposed to have been erected during th e principalship of Dr. John Aglionby (1601-u), was taken in hand. The gable fac ing the Quadrangle has been reconstructed, and so al so have the two gables on the further side.

The roof on the near side was re-slated with Stonesfield slates in 1930 : the roof on the further side has now been similarly restored.

The ugly Victorian windows on the further side of the room on the first floor have been taken out and replaced by stone-mullioned windows in keeping with the rest of the building. A considerable portion of the origina l stone-arched fireplace was discovered behind the wallpape r in this room. This has been repaired. It was found that the wallpaper had been fixed on to canvas nailed on the framework of deal panelling of the late eighteenth- or early ninteenthcentury. This framework was not in good enough condition to be saved, but it served as a pattern for the new panelling with which the room has been wainscoted.

OF

THE CANTERBURY BUILDING.

Particulars of the building to be erected in completion of the Quadrangle were g iven in the last issue of the Magazine. The construction of it was favoured by the mild winter and the long spells of dry weather. By Commemoration \i\Teek it was sufficiently complete for the hoarding to be removed and th e necessary re-turfing carried out in that portion of the Quadrangle which had been ma de to sen·e as a builder's yard. To mark the commemoration of the 7ooth anniversary of the consecration of the patron of the Hall, St. Edmund of Abingdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury, a memorial inscription has been placed on the face of ~he building and a shield, carved in stone, over the entry to each staircase, one representing

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

the arms of the See of Canterbury, the other that of the University of Oxford. The inscription, which was composed by the Chaplain, runs as follows:Hoe EXTRVCTVM EST AEDIFICIVM ANNIS POST SEPTINGENTIS QVAM SANCTVS EDMVNDVS DE ABENDONIA PRIMVS IPSE OXONIENSIVM ARCHIEPISCOPVS CANTVARIENSIS EST CONSECRATVS MCCXXXIV

+

MCMXXXIV

An account of the Opening Ceremony is given elsewhere in the Magazine. The total expenditure which the completion of the Quadrangle has involved is £10,500.

OF THE Q ;uEEN's CoLLEGE.

In the course of his speech at the Opening of the Canterbury Building the Archbishop of Canterbury made known the decision of the Governing Body of the Queen's College to free the Hall from the ties by which it has been bound to the College for nearly four hundred years. It is the intention of the College to surrender, subject to certain safeguards, its rights in the freehold of the site and buildings of the Hall which it acquired by deed of conveyance from Provost Denysson on July 29, 1557, and to reiinquish the right to the appointment of the Principal, which was granted to it by the University under a Composition dated January 28, 1559.

At the same time the College has expressed its willingness to continue for a period of fifteen years the annual grant of £300 which it has made to the Exhibition Fund of the Hall since 1913. The continuance of its grant for this period is made ' as an earnest of the good wishes of the College for the success of the Hall in its courageous venture to establish its independence.' This historic step which the Governing Body of the Queen's College has taken marks more notably than any other event a year of anniversary and achievement for the Hall. The very generous decision which the College has made will rejoice . the hearts of all Aularians, and will set forward as nothing else could the effort that is being made to secure for the Hall adequate endowment.

Before effect can be given to the decision of the College it will be necessary for the existing statutes of the Hall to be revised.

This revision will require the approval of the Queen's College, of the University, and, finally, of the King in Council. It is hoped that the revision may be completed before the end of next year.

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O F THE KITCHEX .

During the Long Vacation the Kitch en >vas reconstructed and re-equipped. The floor of the kitchen was removed, the cellar beneath it incorpo rat ed, and the windows on Queen's Lane enlarged and a new one made opening into the Qua dra ng le, with the result that the Kitch en is now a lofty and well-ventil ated room. The walls and floors have been lined with tiles. The a djacent cellars have been renovated. A staircase leading down into the Kitchen has been built. Gas-cooking apparatus has taken the place of the coal. range. A hatchway has been constructed beneath the Entry, giving direct communication between Kitchen and Bu ttery. Th e periodical procession of viands through the Quadrang le at meal-times has thereby been obviated.

OF HOT w ATER. Activiti es in other parts of the Hall during the Long Vacation have resulted in the centralization of all th e hot-water systems in the boiler-house under the N ew Library . By this re-arrangement it has been possible to do away with the boiler-house from which the Chapel and Old Library were heated, a nd the unsightly chimney by the side of the Chapel has disappeared.

OF MR. ] OSEPH COPEMAN. 'Joe' relinquished his duties as a staircase servant at the encl of the Long V acation after a memorable innings of thirty years.

We are glad to record that he will continue on the active service list of the Hall and will be found on duty in the Lodge, or perchance rolling the grass, between the hours of two and six in the afternoons. Members of the ] unior Common Room presented him with a clock at the end of Trinity Term as a mark of their special affection and . regard.

OF ST . . EoMuNo's DAY. On St. Edmund's Day, Friday, November 16, at dinner in Hall the toast of Flore at .4 ula was proposed by the Rev. Canon Streeter, Provost of the Queen's College. The Provost amused and interested those present with his recollections of the Hall as he had known it in former days; and in the course of his speech he recited a five-line stanza composed for the occasion, in the tradition of Edward Lear, and in keeping with those with which he is known to have heartened successive Queen's crews while they waited for the minute gun at lffley.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

In his reply the Principal welcomed the Provost not only in his official capacity but as one who had over a period of many years shown his active interest in the welfare of the Hall. He referred with appreciation to the generous resolve of the Queen's College to emancipate the Hall from the ties which had bound it for nearly four hundred years. He recounted the circumstances under which the Hall had been brought under the aegis of the <;:ollege in the reig n of Elizabeth. H e assured the Provost that in giving the Hall its full freedom the College would secure to itself the lasting regard of all Aularians. After welcoming the other guests, the Principal made some reference to the various successes won during the year. He congratulated the Boat Club on its memorable achievements. Had the exploits of a College Boat Club ever before received so unprecedented a recognition as m ention in a leading article of Th e Times? In conclusion the Principal marked the occasion by proposing the toast of Flo·reat Collegium Reginense, which was drunk with acclamation. The Principal then addressed a few words of special welcome to the Bishop of Carlisle, who in his rt>ply drew the plaudits of those present by his references to the Provost and to the Senior Tutor.

In addition to the members of the Hall in residence , there were present: The Provost of Queen's, the Bishop of Carlisle, the Rev. Professor D . C. Simpson, Mr. F. D. Chattaway, Fellow of Queen's, Mr. J. Walter Jones, Fellow of Queen's a nd Trustee of the Hall, Mr. H. M. Margoliouth, Secretary of Faculties, Mr. H. F. B. Brett-Smith, and Mr. T. F. Higham, Fellow of Trinity.

OF THE CHAPEL.

During Michaelmas Term the Organ Exhibitioner, E. F. A. Suttle, played selections of music on the organ after Evensong on the Sundays when no sermon was preached. The visiting preach ers in Chapel during the year have been : October 28, th e Ven. th e Archdeacon of Zanzibar.

OF THE NEW LIBRARY.

E. T. Halstead has succeeded S. F . Parson s as Librarian.

OF NUMBERS.

There were in residence during Michaelmas Term 9 Bachelors of Arts and 133 undergraduates. The number of Freshmen admitted was 41.

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OF THE J.C.R. The officers of the J.C.R. elected for the academical year 1934-35 are: P.resident, C. C. Hughes; Steward, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams.

M. R. Brown has been re-appointed Junior Treasurer. In the last issue of the Jo,fagazine M. R. Brown should have been given as Junior Treasurer, and not W. G. Fallows.

APUD LONDONIENSES HE London Dinner of the Aularian Association was held at the Boulogne Restaurant on Wednesday, January 10, 1934.

In the unavoidable absence of the Assistant Postmaster-General, L. W. Hanson took the chair. After the loyal toast had been duly honoured, the Chairman gave the toast ' Floreat Aula,' expressing the opinion that the hope was no pious aspiration but one that >vas daily being realised under the administration of the Principal.

The Principal, who was received with acclamation, expressed his pleasure at being once more among the London members of the Association, although it was with some reluctance that he had passed by what appeared to be an African encampment in the Haymarket. He spoke of the continued success of members of the Hall both in fields athletic and in the sterner trials of the Schools. The new building was making excellent progress. The University had shown its benevolent confidence in the future of the Hall by advancing a loan of £s,ooo on extremely favourable terms. The Hall prospered and would continue to do so as long as the loyalty and support of its old members was maintained.

There were present at dinner: - J. B. Allan, J. F. Bleasdale, W.W. J. Bolland, A. B. Codling, J. F. Cooke, J. H. T. Cla~ke, B. M. Forrest, L. W. Hanson, E . C. Lamb, Prince L. Lieven, C. Lummis, the Rev. H. J. Miller, J. F. A. Porter, the Rev. C. H. Sutton, J. W. L. Symes, R. C. Thomas, J.P. Thorp, J.C. Toland, W. R. Warner, the Rev . R. B. White, the Rev. P. E. T. Vliddrington, and D. A. H. Wright.

L. W. HANSON.

T

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION

T

HE Executive Committee met in the Principal's Lodgings at 4-30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 19, 1934· The following members were present: -The Principal (in the Chair), the Bishop of Sherborne, the Rev. Canon S. L. Ollard, Mr. J.B. Allan, the Rev. Canon D. Armytage, the Rev. Canon P. Cunningham, the Rev. C. W. Fisher, the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. F. McGowan, Mr. H. C. Ingle, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton and Mr. Robert Sayle.

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The Annual General Meeting was held in the Hall after the Reunion Dinner the same evening. The President took the Chair.

The minutes of the previous meeting, having been already published in the !Vfagazirz,e, were taken as read, a nd signed.

The Hon. Tr~ urer presented his report, remarking that he was glad to be able to do it for himself on this occasion, since he had heard rumours to the effect that some Aularians believed the Hon. Treasurer of the Association to be no more than a myth. He much regretted his previous absences. He hoped the state of the accounts would reveal that he had not been inactive. The financial position of the Association was thoroughly sound and they had a record credit balance of £ 249 6s. 9d .

The President, in thanking Mr. Allan for his report, said Aular!ans should be grateful to him for the work he was doing and for the truly splendid way in which he did it. The large balance was accounted for by the fact that man.y members compounded for life during the whole period of their residence. This was painless and progressive. Composition fees brought in almost £100 a year.

Members who had visited the Hearne room would have seen for themselves the gift of chairs the Association made last year. Tht: .£125 grant for the Library had been found most useful. On this occasion, the President had asked the Executive Committee to increase the grant available for the Aularian Exhibition Fund for the sons of old members. This had now been raised to £75· The fund had already proved its usefulness. One son of an old member was receiving £25 a year, and it would now be possible to help two others in the same way. The amount of the grant .m ight not seem large, but it was sufficient to make all the difference to a man of restricted means. At the afternoon. meeting it had been decided that the Association would bear the expense of the Hall's first Henley entry. This was something present members would greatly appreciate, and the President expressed his gratitude for the help that had been given .

Under Rule 9 the retiring members of Committee were the representatives of the period 1875-1884, Canon Barker and the Rev. R. S . 0. Tayler. As Mr. Tayler had resigned, it was proposed from the Chair and carried unanimously that his place should be taken by the Rev. K. M. Ffinch. Canon Barker was unanimously reelected. ' As first representatives of the new decade 1925-1934 Mr. L. W. Hanson and Mr . R. Waye were proposed•by the President and unanimously elected to the Committee.

The President reported under ' other business ' that the Committee had most trustingly empowered him to make such disburse-

THE FIRST EIGHT,

1 9~4

A- M. Urguhart, S. E. Bradshaw, T. M. F. Rogers, P. Witherington , P. H. Rogers, Mr. D. S. Colmam, G. T. Brett, I. M. Sciortino, G . S. Keen, S. A. R . Guest, (Stroke).

(Coacli) . (Captain of B oats).

(Cox).

THE SFCQ:-;J) EIGHT, 1934.

F. M. A. Farrer, G . W. McNaught, 0 . T . Brown. F. W. Dawson, F. L. W. Eade, L. W. Kennan, T . E. M. Ashton, L. T. Podmore. A . L. Crowe, S. G. Rees, (Coacl>).

(Stroke).

(Cox).

THE SWIMMING TEAM. Winn ers of the Inter-Coll ege Rela3•s Cup.

J. N. Shaw, K. D. Luke, M. J. Mortimer.

M. Y. Ffrench-Willi a ms, W. Wall a ce (Ca.plain) , T. P. H a merton.

THE CLINKER FOUR, 1934.

Winn ers of the Inte·r -Colleg e Cup.

0. T. Brown, T. E. M. Ashton.

A. M. Urquhart, S. E . Bradshaw (strok e), L. T. Podmore.

G . J. P. Meri fi eld (cox.)

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ments from the balance of their funds as he thought fit in the interests of th e Hall. These plenary powers he would certainly exercise if occasion arose.

It was decided to hold the next meeting on June 25, 1935.

R. SAYLE.

THE REUNION, 1934

T

HE Twelfth Reunion of Old Members took place on Tuesday, June 19, 1934. After Evensong in Chapel dinner was served in the Hall. There were present at the dinner: -The Right Rev. the Bishop of Sherborne, the Right Rev. Bishop vVild, the Rev. Canon S. L , Ollard, the R ev . W. G. D. Fletcher, the Rev. Canon W. F. Gilbanks, the Rev . K. M. Ffinch, the Rev. Canon P. Cunningham, the Rev. Canon A. C. Hair, the Rev . T. E. R. Ph illips, Mr. H. N. ffarington, the Rev. C. vV. Fisher, the Rev. F. G. Croom, the R ev. C. E. Burkitt, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. Prebendary E. R ei d, the Rev . H. W. Thorne, the Rev. P. A. W. Skinner, the Rev. G. Branson, the Rev. R. Sheph tca rd, the Most Rev. the Arch!)ishop-elect of Brisbane , the Rev. Canon D. Armytage, Mr. R. · Sayle, the Rev. J. B. Wood, Mr. H . W. Butterworth, the Rev. F. McGowan, Dr. P. T. Freeman, Mr. H. C . .Ingle, Mr. H. C. Irving, Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton, Mr. S. N. Godfrey, the Rev. W . L. Guyler, Dr. M. M. Knappen, Mr. C. Lummis, fhe Rev. C. A. Plaxton, Mr. R. Sim, Mr. D. E. Havergal, Mr. R. L. Hill, the Rev. E. Royle, Mr. J. B. Allan, Mr. L. \V. Hanson, Mr. A. F. Lee, the Rev. D. J. Cockle, and Mr. R. Waye.

The Archbishop of Brisbane, proposing the toast Floreat A ula, began by saying that although the invitation to propose the toast had come as a surprise to him, it was fitting that he should be the person called upon to do so, since no one owed more to the Hall than he did. The Hall would always be associated with much that he held dearest and best in life. His loyalty to the pl~ce had been, he knew, the source of some superior amusement on the part of at least one distinguished personage in the College where he was Dean. On arrival there he had decorated the walls of his rooms with certain prints of the. Hall which he valued. These, he gathered, had earned notoriety as' the dear Dean's pictures.' But he would like Aularians to know that the dear Dean's pictures were at that moment being packed for transport to the other side of the world.

His Grace went on to make humorous reference to certain happenings on the occasion of a recent Bump Supper. Having caught an undergraduate in the act of executing an unauthorised

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piece of mural decoration, he had discovered to his surprise that the delinquent was a stranger. Ort making inquiries he found that the artist belonged to the Hall. H e would now confess that this had made some difference in his handling of the situation .

Speaking of his impending departure, he said that no one could leave Oxford without regret. H e was not going to find it easy; but he had received a Yery large number of letters from well-wishers and it was comforting to think that underg raduates were so friendly and forgiving. Some of these letters referred to such things as ' that very unfortunate matter, Sir,' in the kindest terms, and it would appear that some old members of Oriel intended to make it a future boast that they ' had been chased and caught by archiepiscopal legs.'

Continuing, the Archbishop referred to the Hall's recent achievements in all departments. The extraordinary success of the Hall Boats led him to speak of the days when he had captained the Boat Club. In those far-off times they had never done anything very spectacular by comparison, but they too had had their triumphs, m emorable for those who had shared in them. They were a small community and they were animated by a spirit of loyalty. That same s pirit to-day animated present members of a larger community; the Hall had grown and prospered beyond their wildest dreams, but old members could feel that in their day they had played their part too. The present imposing high table contrasted g reatly with what he had known ,a s an undergraduate when ' Dr. Moore was very busy with his Canonry at Canterbury, and we used to think it very kind of him to come and see how we were getting on now and then.' The m en of his day owed their greatest debt to Canon Ollard, their Vice-Principal.

In conclusion, the Archbishop congratulated the Principa l on the fulfilment of an ambition which, not long ago, would have seemed an utter impossibility - the completion of the quadrangle .

Aularians were proud of him.

On rising to respond, the Principal was greeted with such prolonged applause that he protested: 'You mustn't clap like that; I have a lot to say.'

Thanking the Archbishop for proposing the toast, the Principal said that his Grace would have it supposed that he had been taken unawares and had come unprepared to speak. He could hardly let that suggestion pass unchallenged : otherwise they must all agree that they had just been listening to one of the best impromptu speeches ever made. Apart from other considerations, he was glad they had the Archbishop with them that evening beca use it gave

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him the opportunity of extending to him the H a ll 's most sincere congratulatio ns a nd best wishes for his wo rk in the Province of Queensla nd. H e believed that his Grace would make a na me for himself in Australia as V\Til son had done in India . Referring to the Archbishop 's work in the U niversity in recent years, the Principal said that it was a fortunate da y for Oxford when he cam e back.

Oriel claimed him then, but everyone knew that the H a ll was his first love . The compactness and solidarity of the H all in th e old days which t he Archbishop ha d mentioned was , he well knew, the root out of which all the good things which characterised t he H all to-day had g rmvn.

The Principal then welcomed th e Bi shop of Sh erborne - ' I always feel a stronger man when I have you here ' - Bishop Wild, and Canon Ollard. H e congratul a ted two old members who were celebrating jubilees that evenin g, l\ Jr. Fletch er a nd Mr. Ffinch, Canon Armytage on hi s a ppoin tment as vVarden of St. Savio ur's College, Carsha lton, a nd Mr. \ l\Talkinton on his election to the headmastership of Beverley Grammar School.

Reviewing the events of the year, the Principal sa id it had been a time of signal ac hievement in the Schools a nd else·where . Three Hall men had secured places in th e First Class and there had been the usual crop of Seconds. H eath H a rri son awards continued to come their way. The appointment of Dr. Hunt as U niversity Lecturer in French History indicated that the University had now discovered what the Hall had discovered long ago.

The modest a nnouncement th at the Hall had been ' not altogether unsuccessful ' in the athletic world was greeted with cheers. To mark the phenomental performance of the first a nd second H a ll Boats in the recent Eights, when they had m ade history by making fourteen bumps , old members were asked to accept as m ementos charts of the Eig hts on which this unpa relleled achievem ent had been recorded. In other activities , too, th e H all was more than holding its own. Present members were includ ed in the University Rugger XV and in the H ockey XI, and th e University had drawn <>n them for representatives in Swimming, Shooting a nd F encing.

C. J · Mabey's reputation in the running wo rld extended far beyond the University. There were cups on every hand. It would soon be necessary to appoint a g uide to the exhibition of plate. The Principal paid a tribute to the work the Senior Tutor was doing in his <>wn inimitable way for the Amalgamated Clubs .

Recalling what had been said at the previous g athering about the proposed completion of the Quadrangle, the Principal said he hoped that the way in which this proposa l had been carried into

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effect would meet with approval. Aularians would be gratified to know that the University was granting a loan of £3,000 on no security, such was the confidence of the Curators of the University Chest in the Hall. At last, after seven hundred years, they had completed their Quadrangle, its completion coinciding with the seven hundredth anniversary of the consecration of St . Edmund as Archbishop of Canterbury. The present Archbishop of Canterbury had promised to perform the opening ceremony on October rnth.

There was another event of even greater importance , and he was delighted to be able to mention it 'vhen th ey had Canon Ollard with them. In his days the identity of the Hall as a separate Society had been threatened, and everyone knew the part Canon Ollard had played in averting that disaster. The time had now come for complete emancipation, and successful overtures had been made to the Queen's College with that in view. 'i\Then negotiations were completed, this emancipation of the Hall would be the greatest event in its more recent history. But it threw a responsibility on Aularians. Endowments were necessary for future security. The Principal concluded by say ing that he knew he wou'fd not appeal in vain.

R. SAYLE .

RESTORATION OF THE DINING HALL

I

T has sometimes been asked by members of the Hall whether there was not at one time a minstrels' gallery at the Butte1.-y end of the Dining-hall. Colour was given to this surmise when, in 1921, the lobby dividing the Dining-hall from the Buttery was thrown into the Dining-hall by the removal of the intervening panelling to the wall adjoining the Buttery, leaving the two bedrooms situated above the lobby as an excrescence in the Dining-hall.

But investigation has shown that there is no reason to believe that the space occupied by these two bedrooms ever served as a gallery.

But even if the idea of a gallery in that position has no historical sanction, it m ay be said to have had at least a prophetic quality.

During the Long ,.acation the two bedrooms were dismantled, the floor reconstructed and strengthened by the insertion of a steel girder, and the space formerl y occupied by the two bedrooms converted into a gallery open to the D ining -hall with a panelled gallery-front. An extra lig ht was added to the window in the gallery giving into the Quadrang le. From this window an attractive view is obtained of the Chapel and the Canterbury Building. At the same time the pine panelling throughout the Dining-ha!! was. stripped of its accumulations of paint, stained to the colour of cedar and waxed.

THE DINING HALL BEFORE RESTORATION.

THE DI N I NG HALL AFTE1'. RESTORATIO N.

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The three deal-framed arches which divided the ceiling of the Dining-hall, before the construction of the gallery, into three, and, after the construction of the gallery, into four compartments have been forced to reveal their secret. On inspection it was discovered that they masked the original oak beams, wall-pi ec~s and brackets elating back to the reconstruction of the Dining-hall by Dr. Tullie in 1659. It had been noticed that the stone corbels on which these deal-framed arches rested were half buried in the walls, and on further inspection it was found that the original face of these walls had been covered by an outer coa.ting of lath and plaster. The deal casing which hid the beams ancf' brackets has been removed anci also the outer coating of plaster on the walls and on the soflirs 01 the windows.

It would appear from evidence gained during these discoveries, especially from the position and treatment of the beams and corbels, that the Dining-hall as reconstructed in 1659 extended from the Buttery to the Entry, and that at some later date it was shortened by the creation of a lobby with a room above. It seems probable that these alterations were made during the principalship of Dr. Thomas Shaw (1740-51), when the half of the buildings on the north side of the Quadrangle nearest the Dining-hall was rebuilt.

In the Benefactors' Book there is record of the panelling of the Dining-hall at this time :-Josephus Smith, S.T .P., Coll. Reginae Praepositus dignissimus pro egregia sua erga hunc Aulam benevolentia ad parietes Refectorii cont:abulandos contulit quinque aureos Guineanos. Following on this entry recording the contribution of five guineas by Dr. Smith, Provost of Queen's, tovvards the panelling, there are six others recording gifts of a guinea each 'eocem nomine.' The names of these other donors are: Benjamin Willis, B.D., Vicar of Weston and Weedon, Northants., James Osborne, gentleman-commoner of Queen's, Dr. _Robert Benn, Dr. Joseph Brown, Benjamin Pearson, M.A., all Fellows of Queen's, and Dr. John Gilbert, Bishop of Llandaff and Canon of Christ Church. The investigations made during the recent restoration indicate clearly that the Dining-hall was shortened, the walls replastered and the beams, wall-pieces and brackets encased at the time that the panel~ ling was put up. But the insertion of two windows looking into Queen's Lane belongs to a later date; the one was evidently put in to light the store-room which stood at the end of the lobby before the enlargement of the Dining-hall in 1921, and the making of the other made possible the division of the room above so as to form two bedrooms. Neither of these windows 1appears in the print of the exterior of the Hall as seen from the south end of Queen's

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L ane, engraved by G. Hollis in 1838 for ]. Ryman's Illustrations of Oxford. It seems not unlikely that these windows were inserted about 1845. In the MS. Diaries of the Rev. John Hill (VicePrincipal, 1812-51) the following entry is m ade under July 5, 1844: ' I spent much of the morning with the Principal and Mr. Wyatt on the subject of a new room and other alterations,' and under June 5 in the next year Hill notes that ' the scaffolding began to be erected for the repair of the east front of the west side of the Hall,' and again under June 14 he notes his occupation' in superintending and directing the masons in the various repairs going on in the Hall.' In the H all Accounts-Book which Hill kept, there are items showing that Mr. Wyatt, the builder, received sums amounting to £400 for work done in the Hall during the years 1844 and 1845.

The new gallery, which has been furnished with tables, was brought into use in October for the accommodation of first year men at dinner. It is capable of seatin·g eighteen, so that the Dininghall can now, when ocoasion demands, seat one hundred. The oilportraits have been re-hung at a lower level, and the engraved portraits have been removed, some to the Hearne Room, some to the gallery . An escutcheon in wood bearing the arms of the Hall has been carved by Mr. Alec Miller, and placed on the panelling behind the Principal's chair. ('he whole of the restoration has been carried out under the direction of Mr. R. Fielding Dodd, F.R.l.B.A. As a result of what has been done, the Dining-hall has regained once more its original character and proportion and acquired a new feature of interest in the gallery that has been opened into it.

A.B.E.

THE 700th ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONSECRATION OF ST. EDMUND OF ABINGDON [This article is re-printed with the kind permission of the Editor of 'The Times,' in which jou·m al it appea:red on Tuesday, October 9.]

T. Edmund of Abingdon has the dual distinction of being the first graduate of the University of Oxford to hold the highest ecclesiastical office in England, and the first to be canonised as a saint of the Church. Seven hundred years have passed since he was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury. To-morrow the present Archbishop, himself a successor of St. Edmund in the long and impressive line of Oxford men who have occupied the chair of St. Augustine, will open the new building which has been erected in

S

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completion of the main quadrangle of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford.

This building commemorates the seven hundredth anniversary of the consecration of the saintly scholar and Archbishop whose name the Hall bears.

Although the date of the first establishment of St. Edmund Hall is not known, its existence as an academical society can be traced back without a break to within living memory of St. Edmund.

There are', indeed, good grounds for the belief that the Hall marks the site of the house in which he resided when he was teaching in the University, and that it is this association that is commemorated in its name. In fact, St. Edmund Hall may claim tu be the oldest memorial in the Uni,·ersity of Oxford to an Oxford man. There once stood on a site at the west end of St. Mary's Church anothe1· hall bearing the name of St. Edmund. Little St. Edmund Hall, as it was called, to avoid confusion between the two, may have commemorated another association with this saint ; for the grammar school which he attended is known to have stood in that position.

The story was current in Oxford in his day that by his timely absence on one occasion he miraculously escaped serious injury from a large stone wh ich fell out of the wall above the place where he usually sat in class. This hall has vanished, having been incorporated, like so many of the medieval halls, in the site of a collegiate foundation : in this case, in that of Brasenose. Happily its larger namesake has escaped a similar fate.

For two centuries after St. Edmund's time the halls were the normal academic home of undergraduates, while the colleges concentrated upon the pursuit of post-graduate studies. But as soon as the coll eges began to open their doors for the adm ission of commoners, the halls, owing to lack of endowment, were unable to compete against their wealthier rivals. To-clay St. Edmund Hall alone is left to represent the earliest form of academical community for the residence of undergraduates. It is especially felicitous that the last of the medieval halls should be one that is identified with the memory of a saint who, while he taught in Oxford, furnished an outstanding example of the service which can be rendered to life in a university by teachers whose concern for their pupils is not bounded by the walls of their lecture-rooms .

The solemn consecration and enthronement of Master Edmund of Abing don as Archbishop took place in the Oathedral Church of Canterbury before the high altar on April 2, 1234, in the presence of Henry III and a large concourse of clergy and people. It was an event of no little consequence for the E~glish Church and for the University of Oxford. The university movement \vhich had

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spread from Paris and taken root in Oxford developed on English soil something of the power of a religious revival.

Its inspiring influence is nowhere more clearly reflected than in the composition of the English episcopate during the reign of Henry III. The only two other Oxford men to receive the honour of canonisation besides St. Edmund were Bishops during this period: St. Richard Wych, Bishop of Chichester, Chancellor ;ind devoted friend of St. Edmund, and St. Thomas de Cantelupe, Bishop of Hereford, both Chancellors of the University. Their careers and those of Bishops such as Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, the first Chancellor of Oxford and the greatest schnlar of his day; Ralph of -Maidstone, Bishop of Hereford, also sometime Chancellor of Oxford, who resigned his Bishopric to assume the Franciscan habit; Nicholas Farnham, Bishop of Durham , a physician of wide reputation; Rog-er Wesham, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, who was one of the earliest lecturers to the Franciscans in Oxford; and Sewal de Bovill, Archbishop of York, who is known to have qeen one of St. Edmund's own pupils, exemplify the type of men who were the first fruits of Oxford's contribution to the leadership of the Church in England.

- These episcopal appointments, beginning with that of St. Edmund, mark the opening of a ne"v chapter in the history of the connexion between the University of Oxford and the Church.

Hitherto the English episcopate had been replenished by men who knew little other training than that which the monastery or the King's Court had given them. The monasteries were tending to an unprogressive conservatism. The King's Court immersed its clerks in the anxious bustle of administrative routine. But the schools of Oxford emerge in the thirteenth century as ,a centre of learning, alive to every new development in the realm of thought, where theology, philosophy, law, and the seven liberal arts m et on common ground.

The first of her sons whom Oxford gave to Canterbury is the most Oxonian of them all. Born, as his name implies, in Abingdon, St. Edmund was familiar from boyhood with Oxford and the streams, meadows, and woods that lay between it and his home.

Oxford is the scene of incidents in his religious life that were long cherished in popular recollection . After he had studied there; first as a schoolboy, and then as an undergraduate, he was sent, in accordance with the best practice of the time, as a Bachelor of Arts to Paris to read for the Master's degree. After he had incepted as a Master, h!'! returned to Oxford, where for six years he lectured in the faculty of arts. Friar Roger Bacon credits him with

.. .

_

~~.· ·.s

. . +i>.~.. 'y

By permission of lh e ?;rudccs oflhe British Museum.

ST. E D M U N D OF ABIN GD ON .

A

PHOBABLE PO HTHAYAL OF HIM AS AHCllBISHOP.

From th e V\les tmin sl er Psalter (B rit. Mus. H.oy;il MS.2A xx11, f.1 9b.) .

THE ::::ANTE!WURY BUILDING.

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be ing the fi rst lecturer in th e C ni ve rsity to teach the New Logic of Ari s totl e.

In consequ ence of a dream in which hi s mothe r appea red and upbraided him fo r hi s continued e ngageme nt in secular studies, he turned to th eology . Afte r he had qualified him self at P a ri s in this subject, he began to lecture on it in Oxford. Some yea rs late r t his humble-minded scholar dec ided that h e ought no longe r to reign in the schools beca use ' it see med to him that 'the subtleties of di sputa tion could not be purs ued w itho ut a ce rtain vai ng lor y ' ; and so, about 1222, he accepted the Treasure rship of Salisbury Cathedral.

As a theologia n, St. Edmund, whom the U niversity of Oxford ranks first in order of tim e a mong her Doctors of Divinity , prep ared the way for the rema rkable success which th e schools of the Dominicans a nd Franc iscan s in Oxford ac hieved under teachers like Robert Grosseteste. The fam e of O xfo rd in the Middle Ages as a centre of theological lea rnin g was due in no small m easure to th e impetus g iven by him as theolog£e p11hlicus recto r. The profound impression that he m a d e was, howeve r, due to more than his learning. Already in his Ox fo rd clays m en remarked in him th e lineaments of a saint . The accounts of him that have come down to us, by writers who knew him well, reYeal a m a n e ndowed with g rea t spiritual gifts, who under th e di sc ipline of the sen~ r es t asceticism combined in an exceptional degree the ardent qua lities of faith and intell ect which characte ri sed the univers ity m ovem ent at its best.

As Archbi shop he was confronted with a situation in Church and State that was desperate from the firs t. ' i\T ith presage of what might lie before him, he had e ng raved upo n his a rchiepi scopa l seal a represe ntation of the marty rdom of his predecessor, with the legend: 'Eadmundu.m moneat mors rnea ne timeat' (' May my death teach Edmund not to be a fraid ' ). At the encl of six troubled years, rather th a n .s ubmit to cla ims and polic ies which he regarded as harmful to hi s C hurch a nd country , he made the only impres~ ive protest that remained open to him. In 1240 he le ft Eng land for the Abbey of P o ntig ny, in Champagne, w he re hi s predecessors, St. Thomas of Canterbury and Stephen La ng ton, had found refu ge in similar circumstances. But h e was already broken in h ealth a nd within a month he died .

Judg-ecl by political standards the archiepiscopate of Ox ford's first Archbishop m ay seem to have ended in traged y a nd failure, but that w as no t the verdict of hi s contemporari es . ' i\Tithin a yea r of his death proceedings for his canonisation were instituted . At the Council of L yo ns in r 246 Innocent IV decreed that he be num-

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

bered among th e saints . H e was the next saint to be mad e a'fter St. Prancis a nd St. Dominic. The sequence is appropriate, for· it is to these t wo saints that St. Edmund is most nearly akin.

The r esting -place of thi s son of Oxford in the great Abbey C hurch of Pontigny, which is one of the noblest creation s of the Cistercian Order, is still the scene of annual pilgrimage in the land of hi s exile. And yet a mong hi s own countrymen his fame has been so far forgotten that he is no longe r commemorated in our English Calendar. There is, however , in hi s H a ll in Oxford a living m emo rial to him w ith a unique claim upon those who would hold his na me in honour.

A.B.E .

THE OPENING OF THE CANTERBURY BUILDING

F

OR the second time in seven years the Quadrang le of the Hall has witnessed the formal opening of a new building. On this occasion a firm forecast of fine wea th er admitted of arrangements being m ade for all the proceed ings to take place out of doors. Had the weather proved contrary, th e hard problem of accommodating four hundred g uests under cover would have presented itself, but as it was , cha irs sufficient for a gathering of that number were arranged on th e grass facing the Ca nterbury Building .

The Archbishop of Canterbury, who travelled up from London with his chaplain, the Rev . A. Sargent, a n old member of the Hall, was met at the station by the Principal. There were inv ited to m eet him at the Principa l's Lodgings: The Vice-Chancellor (the R ev. Dr. Lys, Provost of vVorcester), the Bishop of Oxford, the Mayor of Oxford (Miss Tawney), the R ev. the Provost of Queen 's (Canon Streeter), a nd the Bishop of Sherborne. At a quarter to four a procession was fo rmed a nd th e Archbishop, accompanied by the Principal, entered the Quadrangle and took hi s seat at a table in front of the Canterbury Building .

The Principal, " ·ho presid ed , spoke as follow s : " Your Grace, it is m y Yery ha ppy privilege to extend to vou a very cordial welcome on behalf of the Hall to this our two-fold celeb rat ion. And I am sure I sha ll be voicing th e feelings not only of members of this Hall but of a ll who a re gathered here this aft ernoon when I express to you our part icul ar appreciation of your presence here on this occasion.

By a fortunate coincidence we have been able to identify the completion of this Quadrang le with the commemoration of the

ST. ED M UND HALL MAGAZINE

25

7ooth aniversary o f th e co nsecration of our schola rly a nd saintly pa tron, Ma ster Edmund of Abing do n, a s Archbishop of Ca nterbury . I think I m ay cla im tha t thi s Quadra ng le is in a t lea s t on e respect unique in Oxford. ~T h e r e else is there to be found ia quadrang le that h as taken so long to complete? R ound this well , s un k ove r seven hundred years ago , th e buildings o f this H a ll h a ,·e been g radually extended , each cent ury seeing some s ma ll addition ma de, until a t long las t the a mbit of its su rro unding wall s has been complet ed .

The s tory of the g row th o r thi s Qu ad ra ng le has not been witho ut its ro ma nces. W e owe the middle po rt ion of it to the Ba ttle of Ba nnockburn; for that portion was a dded to the site o f the H a ll by a n excha nge m ade betwee n K ing E dward II •a nd our medieva l landlords, the Abbot a nd Canons of O seney , in connexion w ith the king ' s g ift of Bea umont Place to the Carmelite Fria rs in fulfilm ent of a vow w hich h e mad e in the course of hi s flig ht from tha t disa strous battlefield. Th e eastern h a lf of the buildings in fron t of m e cost one of m y predecessors h is place. On enquiry by th e V iceCha ncellor of th e tim e, it wa s found that in hi s effort s to rai se fund s for this extensio n t he Principa l in question h ad sold the offices of Manciple a nd Cook to the hig hest bidder; and so h e w as o bliged to resig n . I ca n ass ure yo u, i\ Ir. V ice-Ch a ncello r , th a t w hatever may h ave been my difficulties in raising fund s sufficient t o ca rry out the las t addition to thi s Quad ra ng le, I h ave not ha d r ecourse to a ny such s ubterfuge .

Thi s our la test underta king h as p roved once again our p os~es ­ sion of many good friends in va rious qua rter s. vVe owe it to the g reat consideration of the Provost a nd F ellows of t he Queen ' s C oll ege that we have been iable to acquire th e site for thi s building .

But th e generous conce rn of the College fo r th e development of the H a ll to w hich it has b een a tutela ry d eity fo r nea rly fo ur hundred yea rs has not ended t here. But here lies a secret w hich it is not fo r me to divul ge. I mus t a lso ex p1·ess our a pprecia tion of the r eadiness with w hich th e t enants of th e College, Messrs. M inty, Limited , relinquished their occupa tio n of the wo rks hop w hi ch s tood on the site a nd by doin g so ma de it possibl e fo r us to build without ha ving to wa it fo r several yea rs until the te rmin a tion o f their lease.

The s ite acq uired , there was the problem of fund s to be faced .

I a m g lad o f this opportunity of express ing ou r very si ncere g ratitude to the UniYersity for its most t imely h elp in g ranting the H all a loa n of £5 ,000. Th at loa n has ena bled us to ma k e immedi a t e use of our acquis it ion of the site.

26

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZfNE

And, as in all undertakings for the benefit of the Hall, I have to acknowledge with profound gratefulness the generosity of our old members who in difficult times have once more so readily contributed to a building fund.

With the completed building before you, I feel sure that you will all agree that our architect, Mr. Fielding Dodd, has handled with great sympathy and skill the delicate problem of inserting a new structure in these ancient surroundings.

It seemed to us particularly fitting that the building, finished in the year of the 7ooth anniversary of the consecration of our patron, Oxford's first Archbishop, should stand as a memorial to that event. The connexion which St . Edmund of Abingdon was first to institute between the University of Oxford and the metropolitical see of Canterbury has left its mark prominently upon the pages of English history . Our celebration to-day is made the more historic for us by the presence here of St. Edmund's distinguished successor in the long and impressive line of Oxford men who have occupied the highest office in the English Church. We appreciate, your Grae~ . most deeply your coming here to-day to perform this ceremony, signifying in your own. person the bond between Oxford and Canterbury which this building 'is to commemorate.''

The Archbishop then spoke : "Mr. Principal, Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Mistress Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen: V.Te are a company of English citizens as well as residents of Oxford and friends of this Hall, and, therefore, at this particular time I should like, before I s·a y what I have to say about the object which has brought us together, to make some brief allusion to the terrible tragedy which this morning has struck the common heart of the world. The fact that this crime was committed . through the blood-lust of some deluded anarchist cannot mitigate either its horror or the sympathy which ·w e feel in the depths of our hearts with the Queen of Yugo-Slavi•a and her family and with the family of M. Barthou and the French Republic, of which he was a servant so distinguished. But it is something at least to hope and believe that what has happened will not add to the confusion and perplexities of a world which is already showing all the signs of nervous overstrain. I felt I must make that brief allusion to an event which must have touched so deeply our hearts and our consciences.

It is a relief this afternoon to turn to the settled and tranquil life of this land. You are all aware that seven hundred years <igo Edmund of Abingdon was consecrated Archbishop of Canterhury, the first Oxford graduate, as you have been reminded, to find .a

1

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

27

place in the long line of successors to St. Augustine and the first to be canonized as a saint of the Church. I deem it a very great honour to have been invited as his successor to open these buildings which are now to be especially associated with the See of Canterbury. I dare not compare myself, certainly not in learning, and least of all in goodness, with the Saint whose name this Hall bears; but this I may say, that my whole life has been bound up with this corner of Oxford where he lived and taught. For forty years I was a Fellow of the neighbouring College of All Souls, and am now its \"isitor, a dignity which I exchanged with a very ill gr-ace for the privilege of being a Fellow. I was for twenty years previ o usly the Visitor of the Queen's College, which has been so long and especially associated with this Hall, and I was Vicar of St. Mary's Church where St. Edmund offered as a boy his devotions to the Blessed Virgin . These two other things I may ad<lthat not even St. Edmund could rival my lifelong love of and loyalty to Oxford, and not even he, if he were here to-day, could feel a greater sorrow for the invasion of Oxford, a place in itself so lovely and so lovable, by the haste, noise and ugliness of what we ironically call modern civilisation . It is to me, and it is to all of you, who are more accustomed to this change of scene, a gratification to meet in this Quadrangle which, with all its additions, still preserves in such a marked mapner the very quintessence much in little-of the charm of Oxford.

I am not going to speak to you at any length about the life of St. Edmund; indeed it is needless to say anything, because it has been so admirably laid before you in the article by the Principal which appeared in yesterday's Times newspaper. This at least let me say. Within a stone's throw of where we are assembled, St. Edmund was taught as a boy the rudiments of learning. There is .good reason to believe that on this v,ery site where we are assembled he gathered round himself, first as a regent in arts and then as a "lecturer in theology many young scholars; and nearby, on the north side of St. Peter's Church, the Chapel still stands which he built to be a place of worship for himself and for them. There is a peculiar fitness that there should be here a Hall dedicated to learning which bears his name and a place which has been so specially ·closely associated with all of the life he lived at Oxford. As you ·know, after a time, fearful, not unnaturally, of the effects on ·Christian character of theological disputations, which then and since have marked the life of Oxford, he withdrew from it·, lest those thing-s should taint his soul.

28

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

But within a few years, to his utmost surprise and dismay, he learned that he had been elected by the monks of Canterbury to be Archbishop. His primacy of six years was full of trouble, and, as a last protest against royal misrule which he could not restrain and Papal aggression which he could not resist, he repaired to the great Cistercian Abbey of Pontigny in France. But his health was broken and within three months in a neighbouring monastery he died.

His body was brought to the great Abbey, working marvels of healing as it went on its way, and there it rests - the scene of devout pilgrimages from the French peasantry; for within six years of his death, by a decree of Innocent IV, he was canonized among the saints. That was partly due, no doubt, to the testimonial which he received from the University of Oxford. If ever, God forbid, I were a candidate for canonization, I hope, Mr. ViceChancellor, that I may expect the same testimonial. Now this Hall is the one abiding Oxford memorial of this scholar son.

I think you will agree with me that it is a memorial of which he has every reason to be proud. For six hundred years this Ha!l ha~ stood here bearing his name. Its history takes us back - back beyond the foundation or the building of the great Colleges to the early days in the thirteenth century when the new learning and the new desire for it drew to Oxford groups of tumultous youths, and when they were rescued - shall I say it in your presence, Mistress Mayor? - from the rapacity of Oxford's citizens and householders, and were allowed to live in halls or hostels under the care of a Principal. I believe that there were at one time at least fifty of these mediaeval Halls, but they have all disappeared, absorhed in the larger and wealthier Colleges, excepting- St. Edmund Hall where we are met. That long struggle and vicissitude has been told with admirable learning and zeal by your Principal in his excellent book on a mediaeval Hall. Your story, Mr. Principal, takes us down to the first year of Queen Elizabeth, when the freehold of the site and the buildings of the Hall were transferred to the Queen's College, and the Queen's College obtained the right of nominating the Principal. Even then its existence as an academic society was guaranteed, for the College agreed to preserve the Hall for ever to literary uses. But even this measure of independent existence was threatened, as many of those to whom I speak remember as well as I do, by reformers who were more conspicuous for their zeal than their respect for history. I like to think that the Hall in those anxious days found a champion in my old friend, Lord Curzon, that great reformer to whom history and tradition never appealed in vain. Certainly you will all agree with me that the

THE OPENING OF T HE CANTERBURY BU ILD I NG. THE BI SHO P OF SHERBORNE, THE BISHOP OF OXFORD, THE PROVOST OF QUEEN 'S, THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, AND THE PRINCIPAL.

THE ARCHBISHOP O F CANTEHBUHY BLE ~S l l\G THE CANTERBURY BUILDING.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

29

place of this Hall in the life of the University was never more fully vindicated than under the bold and enthusiastic rule of th e Prin6pal who presides over us to-day.

Now this is the a.nnus mirabilis in the long story of th e Hall; this year it is not only assured of its continuance but it is assured of its complete freedom. I am able to say this afternoon that the Queen's College has consented, subject to certain safeguards, and all constitutions demand safeguards, to the preparation of statutes by which it will for the future surrender the freehold of this site and these buildings and the right to nominate the Principalship of the Hall. Thus the College, by what I must describe as an act of nobl,e generosity, contemplates the surrender of rights which it has enjoyed for some three hundred and seventy-five years; but that is not enough. It might be said that it was a dangerous thing for the H all unequipped w ith resources to look forward at this time to unfettered freedom . Twenty years ago the College agreed to make a grant of £300 a year to the Exhibition Fund of the Hall. It was not to be expected that it would continue such a grant when it had surrendered its rights; but, as a token of still further goodwill to the Hall with which it has been long associated, the College consents for fifteen yea rs after these proposed changes have taken effect to continue to pay this annua l grant. Thus the Queen's College not only releases her ward from this kindly tutelag e of nearly four hundred years but bestows this handsome dowry upon her. I must say that I hope you will in the name of this company and of the Hall convey to your College , Mr. Provost, our gratitude for this really conspicuous generosity. I can only add for myself that I am proud to have been your Visitor.

I must add one thing before I close . It is that the undergraduates of the Hall seem to have determined to show in this memorable year that they were worthy by their vigour a nd vitality of the freedom which you are about to confer upon their society.

You all remember that last summer the first crew of the Hall achieved a triumph unprecedented upon the river. The First E ig ht made seven bumps in six days' racing , and as if that were not enough, the Second Eight, starting from the bottom place on the river but one, repeated the achievement and made seven bumps of its own. I tremble to think ·what scenes may have been w itnessed last summer with in these wall s, but I should have thought that almost any excess would be justified in celebrating a record with wh ich I find none of the great Colleges can compare. Let me add that the strong-minded mother Qf St. Edmund desired that her son should be brought up as athieta. Christi. I cannot refrain from

30

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

expressing the hope that many of the sons of St. Edmund Hall may go forth to varied forms of high-hearted Christian service. And so to mar k this memorable year we are about to open this new building " ·hich fitly bears the name of Canterbury. I am sure you thoroughly appreciate what the Principal has just said about the design of the architect. It seems to me you have succeeded in a wonderful way in harmonizing this new building with its seventeenth century neighbour. Thus the old blends with the new; an·d this ancient Hall will go forth into the future with growing responsibility and a new freedom, true to the tradition which through all these incredible changes of more than six hundred years it has so gallantly maintained. Mr. Principal, this whole company and the friends of the Hall wish you every good wish, and I ask that I may be permitted to add my personal benediction."

On the conclusion of this very memorable address, the Archbishop proceeded formally to open the building by unveiling the memorial in scription. After he had drawn aside the curtains which co \·cred the inscription, he declared the building open and blessed it in th e following words: 'This Canterbury Building, erected to commemorate the Consecration of St. Edmund as Archbishop of Canterbury, we now declare open. May the Blessing of God Almig hty, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, be upon it and upon those who shall dwell within it. The Lord preserve them in their going out and in their coming in, from this time forth for evermore.' Then, turning round, he added : 'And unto God's gracious Mercy and Protection we commit this Hall, and all who bear rule or teach or learn herein. Here may charity unfeigned, sound learning and true religion for ever flourish and abound.

Amen.' vVith these words the opening ceremony was complete. Introductions then followed: Mr. R . Fielding Dodd, F.R.l.B.A., Mr. Dudley Axtell, representing the builders, Messrs. Symm & Co., and Mr. Upston, foreman, were presented to the Archbishop.

After this there super.vened the informalities of tea, which was served in the Principal's Lodgings, the Dining-Hall, the Junior Common Room and the New Library.

A.B.E.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

31

THE OLD LIBRARY BEGINNING has been made this year of a collect ion of photographic reproductions of the MS . Vitae Scmcti Edniundi and other MSS. conce rning St. Edmund preserved in Yarious libraries .

At present photostats (black on white) or photographs of the following MSS. h ~wc been obtained : -

A

VITAE

r.

2.

3.

+ .:i·

6.

7.

8.

g.

10.

1

r.

SANCTI Eo~IUNDI : British Museum, Additional J\tfS . No. r5264, ff. 87r-II6v: writing of middle xiii century. At the end is written: ' Liber beate Marie regalis mantis,' probably the Abbey of Royaumont in the lie d e France.

British Mus emn, Cottonian MS. Julius D. 6, ff. 123r-158r: writing of early xiv century.

Balliol College, MS. No . 226, ff. 4J"-64r: writi ng of middle xiii century.

St. John's College, Cambridge, MS . C . r2 , ff. 129r-136r: writing of xiii century .

British Nlusewm, Cottonian MS. Fausti11a B.r, ff. 18or-1 83r: w riting of xiv century.

Bodleian Libra·ry, Fell MS. No . 4, ff. 1-44: writing of middle xiii century.

British MuseiMn, Royal MS. 8 F.r4, ff. 198r-204r: writing of c . 1300.

British i\tlusemn, Cottonian MS. Vitellius C.1 2, ff. 280,·-29or: writing of xiii century.

British Mu.sewn, Cottonian MS . Cleopcitra B.r, ff. 24r-3F: writing of xiv century.

British J"\tluseum, Harleian MS. 2, ff. 88r-97r: writing of xiii century.

British 1\fus eu.m, Royal MS. 2 D .. 6, ff. 151r-168r: writing of x iii centur y.

MoRALITATES Di Ps·ALMOS Sru'ICTI EDMUND!: 12. T;Jlo rceste r Cathedrnl MS. Q.67, ff. 128r-1 3r: writing of xiv century .

Mr. William M. Wright, of Wold Newton, M.A. of St. John 's College, has generously presented to the Library a MS. Teatise on the Seven Sacraments, written in a neat Italian hand , apparently during the pontificate of Eugenius IV (1431-47). At present the author is unidentified.

A copy of Vetern Rom.anorum Itine'Yaria, sive Antonini Augu.sti ltinerarium, edited by Peter Wesseling, Amsterdam, 1735, which b elonged to Thomas Hearne (matric. 16g.5), has been acquired.

There is written o n the fly-leaf in hi s hand : Suum cuique, Tho. H earne, Apr. 13, 1735. This must have been one of the last books that H earne added to hi s library. H e di ed on June 10 the same year.

32

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - - -- -- - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - -- - - -- -

An addition has been made to the collection of the political . tracts of Henry Parker (matric. 1622): it is a reprint of The True Portraiture of the Kings of England, drawn from their Titles, SuccessioniS, Reigm and Ends, issued in 1688. It was formerly in the possession of Obadiah Walker, the Roman Catholic Master of University College (1&;6-88), and is inscribed on the title-page: O.W. 88°. A volume has also been acquired containing five of the political tracts of Judge David Jenkins (matric. 1600), a staunch supporter of the cause of Charles I, and one of Henry Parker's, whose controversial pen Jenkins provoked. The tracts by .Jenkins are as follows: (i) The Vindication of Judge Jenkins; (ii) The Armies Indem.nity; (iii) Lex Terrae ; (iv) A Discowrse touching the Inconveniences of al Long-contin1ued Parliament; (v) An Apology for th e A.nny, all published in 1647: the tract by Parker is The Cordiall of !Vlr. David Jenkins: or his R eply to H. P[arker ], Barrester of Lincolnes-Inne, Answered, also published in 1647.

We owe it to the kindness of Mr. H. F. B. Brett-Smith that the Library has been able to acquire a rare broadside poem by John Oldham (matric. 16';0), entitled The Cla:rret Drinker's So11'g or Th e Good Fellows D esign. By a. Person of Quality. A copy of the collected edition of Oldham's poems, published in 1710, has been obtained. As soon as a copy of the collected edition of 1692 1ms been acquired, the Library will contain a full collection of the ·editions of Oldham's works.

In addition to those already noted, the following books of Aularian interest have been presented to the Old Library during the year:From the Principal: NEWTON, John (matric. 1637): The Scale of Interest: o-r the Use of Decimal Fmctions, and the Table of Logarithm.es &c .

London, 1668, 4to.

BLACKMORE, Sir Richard (matric. 1669): (i) The Nature of Man. A Poem. London, 171 l, 8vo; (ii) A Treatise of Consumptions and other Distempers belonging to the Breast and L ungs.

London, 1724, 8vo.

A.B.E.

MINUTE BOOKS There are preserved in the Archives of the Hall the following records belonging to Hall Clubs and Societies: j.C.R. MEETINGS. Minute Book: March 9, 1910- June 10, 1921.

Minute Book: October 17, 1921 - June 15, 1926. These minutes are entered in a minute-book which had been partly used by the Boat Club.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

33

THE BOAT CLUB.

Log Book: Mich. Term, 187r, to Lent Term, 1887, with lists of ofl1cers beginning Lent Term, 1861.

Log Book: Easter Term, 1887 - Lent Term, 1898.

Account Book: Easter Term, 186g - Lent Term, 1880.

Minute Book: October, 1872 - January 22, 1912 .

Minute Boole March 14, r912-0ctober 11, 1920. The rest of this book contains minutes of J.C.R. Meetings, see above.

THE DEBATll'\G SOCIETY.

Minute l\1'inute Minute Minute Minute Minute

Book: Book: Book : Boole Book: Book:

December 13, 186g - June 9, 1879.

October 13, 1879-0ctober 31, 1887.

February 15, 1897 - October 22, 1906.

October 29, l9o6-November 3, 1919.

November 10, 1919- March 14, 1927.

October 24, 1927 - November, 1933.

I hope that any members of the Hall, past or present, who have old minute books of any Hall Club or Society in their possession will hand them over for safe keeping in the Archives of the Hall.

A.B.E .

THE ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND AM very glad again to express the gratitude of the Hall to those Aularians and friends of the Hall ·who have giYen their :support to the Endowment and Extension Fund. Their support is most welcome. The expenditure which the Hall has incurred in the erection of the Canterbury Building has been very considerable.

The purchase of the site, the compensatory payments to Messrs.

Minty, Ltd., the legal expenses, the architect's fees, the building ·operations and the equipment of the rooms have necessitated a total expenditure of £ 10,500. I am confident that the Hall may 1ook to Aularians to continue to give to the Endowment •a nd ExtenA .B. E. :Sion Fund all the help then can.

I

1

£ Total brought forward 366 J. B. Allan ...

Mrs . T . K . Allen (total £3 3s.) ...

Rev. Canon D. Armytage (total £15 l5s.)

5 Rev. Canon A. D . Barker 2 Rev. J. S . Barry 3 Rev. C. J. Beresford IO 2 J. E. Beswick

s. d.

8 4 0 0 0 ::i 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

34

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE s. £ J. R. Bett I I Rev. K. M. Bishop (total £z) 0 Rev. J. W. Blair (total £z) 0 P. J. Britton 10 Mrs. Bromby I Rev. W. L. Bunce (total £1 IOs.) 10 J. H. T. Clarke 5 0 H. Cloke 10 Rev. L. H. Coles 3 3 Rev. H. M. Crabbe 10 D. K. Daniels (total £z 2s .)

Rev. A. F. J. Danneman (total £z r2s.)

H.J. Day 10 10 J. M. Edmonds 0 Mrs. Elkington 5 0 A. E. Ellis (total £1 Js.) . . .

10 Mrs. Walter Emden 300 0 H. N. ffarington (total £10) 5 0 Rev. F. J. Fish (total £8 8s.)

I Rev. C . W. Fisher I I Rev . P. T. Forbes ...

2 2 Rev. J. D. Fox JO G. H. Franey (total £3 3s.)

I Dr. P. T. Freeman (total £3 3s .)

Rev . C. W. Fullmer 5 5 Rev. Canon W. S. Gardner (St. Mary Hall) 5 0 Rev. Canon W . F . Gilbanks 5 0 2 2 S. N. Godfrey (total £4 4s.)

Rev. W. L. Guyler ...

I L. W. Hanson (total £3) ...

I 0 Mrs. Ernest Havergal M. M. Hawes IO Rev. A. E. Hill Jones 0 Lieut. A. C. Hordern Rev . R . W. Howard, Headmaster of Liverpool College Rev. S. A. Howard (total £ ro) 5 0 H. C. Ingle (total £15) 5 0 Rev. J. L. Jenkins ...

2 5 10 W. Johnson . ..

Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene (total £7 7s .)

5 5 A. W. Keith-Steele Rev. Canon T. G. Le Mesurier .. .

15 2 2 Rev. H. Livesey J.C. W. Ludlow (total £r 10s.) ...

IO Rev. LI. R. McDermid 0 Rev. F. McGowan 0 IO S. D. Mangan G. M. Mercer 5 IQ Rev. F. L. H. Millard E. F. Miller (Lincoln College) and Mrs. Miller (total £7 7s.)

IO Rev. B. P. Mohan ...

d.

0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6

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H. Moyse-Bartlett ...

K. A. Muir (total £3) F. R. H. Murray ...

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Rev. J. F. Nuthall .. . . ..

2 Rev. K. C. Oliver (total £2 2s.)

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2 Rev. C. A. Plaxton Mrs . Poston Rev. C. Preedy 5 Rev. W. G . Roberts Rev. E. H. Rowe (total £rn5) 100 P. J. Sandison 2 Rev. A. Sargent (total £6) 3 R. Sayle (total £rn) 5 M. W. Scott 5 Rev. E. A. Shattock l Rev. R. Shepheard (total £2) l Right Rev. the Bishop of Sherborne (total £10) ... ... ... ... . .. s Rev. Dr. F . J. Shirley s R. Sim (total £30.'i) 2 35 Rev. Prof. D. C. Simpson s Rev. A. E. A. Sulston Rev. R. S. 0. Tayler s Rev. J. T . Taylor ...

R. C. Thomas (total £1 rns. 6d.)

J. H. Tyzack C. D. Walker (total £2) .. .

Rev. I. F. F. Webb (total £'3 l2s.) l l Rev. P. E. T. Widdrington Rev. T. E. Williams l Rev. J. C. Yates · 6 ~- Young (total £8)

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OBITUARY HENRY CHARLES DERHAM ROBERTS The Rev. Henry Charles Derham Roberts, M.A., died at Bath on April 23, aged 77. He was entered at the Hall in Hilary Term, 1877, and proceeded to the degrees of B.A. and M.A. in 1883. He was ordained to the curacy of Iron Acton, Gloucestershire, in 1884, and proceeded to the priesthood in the following year . In 1887 he became curate of Ampfield, Hampshire, and three years later

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moved to Widworthy in Devon. In 1893 he was appointed Rector of Wheathill with Loughton, in Shropshire. He moved to Brandeston in Suffolk in 1902, where he was Vicar for two years. From 1909 to 1912 he was Master of Ravenstone Hospital, Leicester .

CHARLES MACKENZIE STEEDMAN The Rev. Charles Mackenzie Steedman, M.A. , died a t Chelsea on May 10, aged 75. He came up to Oxford from the University .of Edinburgh and entered as a Non-Collegiate student in Hilary Term, 1881, migrating to the Hall the same term . He graduated in 1884, after having obtained a Second in the Final Honour School of Theology. He was ordained in the year in which he took his degree to the curacy of St. Peter's, De Beauvoir Town, Middlesex.

Two years later he went as curate to Melksham, Wiltshire, and in 1890 to Bemerton. In 1895 he was appointed Vicar of Shaw with Whitley in the same county, and continued an incumbent there for thirty-three years. On his retirement in 1928 he went to live at Redbourn in Hertfordshire. He was the author of The Child's Life of Jesus, published in 1905.

FRANCIS PEACOCK The R ev. Francis Peacock, M.A., Canon Resiclentiary of Gloucester, died at his house in Gloucester on April 20, aged 65. After leaving school he became an accountant, and it was not until seven or eight years later that he en,tered the Hall as an undergraduate with a view to qualifying himself for ordination. He matriculated in Michaelmas Term, 1892, rowed in the Eight in 1893 and 1894, and graduated in 18<)6. He was ordained the next year to the curacy of St. Stephen's, South Shields, and after two years there went in 1899 as curate to St. Ignatius, Hendon, Co. Durham. In 1905 he became Vicar of Holy Trinity, Darlington, where he did excellent work for fourteen years. In 1919 Bishop Gibson appointed him Canon Missioner of the diocese of Gloucester. In 1928 he was invited by Bishop Headlam to become one of his Examining Chaplains. Last year he was appointed Canon Residentiary.

Canon Peacock's work at Gloucester was greatly appreciated. He was a good preacher, and his warm-hearted personality won him much affection.

HENRY TREVOR HA YES The news that Trevor Hayes had died during the vacation came as a shock to members of the Hall returning to residence for Hilary Term. He had gone down a few days before the end of Michael-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

37

mas Term, as he had not been feeling fit; but it was not until the end of December that his condition was known to be very grave.

He died on January 9, within a week of his twentieth birthday.

Henry Trevor Hayes, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hayes, was born on January 15, 1914. He was for seven years at King's College School, Wimbledon, entering the school in May, 1925. vVhen he left he was in the Classical VI and a School Prefect. He came up to the Hall in October, 1932. He was reading for Honour Classical Moderations and would have taken the examination in March next.

During the fourteen months that he was a member of the Hall no one could have entered more happily or more fully into its citizenship. His cheerfulness, zest and sincerity readily won him regard and friendship. He had not the physique to bring him any conspicuous success in games, but he went down regularly to the Iffiey Road Track, played Squash Rackets, and, occasionally, Rugby Football and Cricket. He was blithely in earnest in all that he did. In his work and in all else that made serious claim upon him, he spared himself no pains. ' I think,' writes an undergraduate contemporary of his, 'that no one who knew him well could fail to have been struck by his character. His was not a forceful personality that impresses itself, but in his own quiet unassuming way he lived up to the high standards he had set himself.' He engaged keenly in the activities of the Hall Group of the 0.1.C.C.U. and found there a companionship and direction that meant much to him. During his last term he had made up him mind to offer himself for ordination. This decision marked for him a happy conclusion to an arduous period of thought and aspiration.

CECIL MONTAGUE COSTIGAN Cecil Costig·an died in the Radcliffe Infirmary on August 20 after a long illness patiently borne. He joined the staff of the Hall as a staircase-servant in January, 1925, and won general esteem by the quiet and obliging way in which he performed his various duties and by the keenness of his interest in all the athletic activities of the Hall. He stuck most manfully to his work in spite of the ill-health which was gaining hold of him during the last two years.

He was born in Oxford on St. Edmuncl's Day, 1898. He began his education at the Wesleyan School and passed on to Bedford House School with a choral scholarship. He enlisted in the Army on the outbreak of the vVar, although he was only 15i/; years of age. He tried to join the Infantry, but was judged to be too young, and it was only by exaggerating his age that he was able to get

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himself accepted for the R.A.M.C. He served in France and in Gallipoli. On 9 November, 1918, when he was with the rnth Field Ambulance, he was congratulated by the Major-General commanding· the 4th Division for his gallant conduct in stretcher-bearing under heavy shell-fire and was awarded the Military Medal. It was characteristic of his modesty that his fine record of service during the War was not known in the Hall. After the War he joined the Royal Irish Constabulary and served in it until its disbandment.

On 18 July, 1925, lie married Miss Dorothy Grierson.

Although, until within a few years ago, Cecil Costigan appeared to have excellent health, there can be little doubt that his death ·a t the early age of thirty-five was 111 a measure due to the exigencies of his military service.

A.B.E.

UT FAMA EST The cordial congratulations of the Hall are due to the Bishop of Sherborne (Principal, 1920-28) on his election as an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College. Before his appointment as Principal the Bishop of Sherborne was Dean and Fellow of Pembroke from 1910 to 1920.

Major E. C. Priestley (Tutor, 1913-18) is warmly to be congratulated on his appointment as Commandant of Kitchener College, Nowgong, Central India. · A course of sermons preached by the Rev . Canon L. Hodgson (Vice-Principal, 1914-19) in Winchester Cathedral has been published by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co., under the title The Lord's Prayer. The profits from the sale of this volume are to benefit certain funds of Winchester Cathedral.

The Rev. G. H. Aldis, who is working as a missionary in the diocese of Western China, is recuperating after a very serious attack of typhoid fever.

The Rev. A. D. Bailey has been appointed to a curacy at St. Lawrence's, Frodingham, Scunthorpe.

Mr. H. A. Barnes-Lawrence is to be congratulated on the birth of Derek Evelyn Howard on November 20, 1933· The Rev. F. M. Beddow has been appointed Vicar of. St. George' s, Barrow-in-Furness. He is to be congratulated on the birth of George Edmund.

The Rev. E. 0 . Bennett has been appointed Vicar of Milnsbridge, Huddersfield.

The Rev. K . Bickerdike has been appointed Assistant Priest at All Saints', Surrey Square, S.E.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

39

Mr. H. A. Blair is to be congratulated on the birth of a daughter on December 6.

The Rev. A. L. Browne has resigned the rectory of Great Rissington and come to reside in Oxford.

The_ Rev. A. R. BrO\'!'ne-Wilkinson is to be congratulated on his book, Pastoral Work among Children, recently published.

The Rev. N. K. Brownsell has been appointed assistant curat~ of St. Luke's, Woodside, Croydon.

The Rev. F. Buchanan is to be congratulated on the publication of The liVildemess and Selected Short Poems by the Oxford University Press.

Mr. E. J. R. Burrough is studying hospital administration at the London Hospital.

Mr. V. E. H. Card has opened a preparatory school, Moreton End School, at Harpenden.

Mr.; A. R. Clark was married on September 17 at Bideford to Miss Frances Leonie Reynolds.

Mr. J. M. C. Clayton is to be congratulated on the birth of John Durnford on May 13.

Mr. A. L. Clegg has been appointed Deputy Town Clerk of 'i\l allasey.

Mr. J. Fletcher Cooke, who is to be heartily congratulated on passing second into the Civil Service, has entered.the Colonial Office.

Mr. C. A. Coomber has been appointed an assistant master at Owen's School, London.

Mr. A. C. Corlett has been appointed an assistant master at Brentwood School.

The Rev. S. A. C. Dickins has been appointed assistant priest of St. Samson's, Guernsey, and has charge of St.e. Marie, L'Islet.

Mr. F. E. R. Ducker has been promoted Flying Officer in the R.A. F. Reserve.

The Rev. E. S. Ferris was married on June 21 to Miss Martha Cogswell Boynton, daughter of the Rev. Charles H. and Mrs. Boynton, at St. John's Church, Williamstown, Massachusetts.

Mr. N. G. Fisher was married' on December 29 to Miss Jennie Cole at Cardiff.

Mr. E. M. Fitch has been appointed to take charge of a statistical study of the wages of American railway employees that is being carried out by the office of the Federal Co-ordinator of Transportation.

Mr. B. M. Forrest was married on September 6 to Miss Myfanwy Rees, daughter of the late Surgeon-Captain Oswald Rees, R.N., and Mrs. Rees, at St. Mary's, Ealing.

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Mr. R. S. Foster is to be congratulated on the birth of John Frederick on February 5.

Dr. \iV. L. Freeman, Director of Education, Bristol, has resigned after many years' good service. He is assured of the best wishes of the Hall on his retirement.

Mr. S . N. Godfrey, Assistant Director of Education, Ceylon, has been appointed one of H. M. Inspectors of Schools and has assumed duties in Nottinghamshire.

The Rev. Vv. L. Guyler has been appointed Vicar of St. James', Darling ton.

The Rev. \!\'. F. Harden has been appointed Vicar of Field Broughton, Grange-over-Sands.

The Rev. L. V/. Hart has been appointed Vicar of St. Stephen's, Dulwich.

Mr. E. L. Harvey , Assistant Professor of History in the Egyptian University, Giza, has been appointed Professor.

Mr. D. E. Havergal has been appointed an assistant master at the Grammar School, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Mr. M. M. Hawes is to be congratulated on the birth of Timothy Lifford MacNaughten on September 17.

Mr. G. R. Hayston has been appointed an assistant master at Palmer's School, Grays, Essex.

Mr. M. Healey has been appointed an assistant master at Marylebone Grammar School.

The Rev. H . Hedley has been appointed to a curacy at Holy Trinity, Kendal.

The Rev. R. L. Hodson is to be congratulated on his appointment as Prebendary in the Cathedral Church of Lichfield.

The Rev. T. V. Hordern has been appointed to a curacy at St. Bartholomew's, ' Vilmslow, Cheshire. On November 22, 1933, he was married to Miss Kathleen Eills Nedeham Browne, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. N edeham Browne, of Offham House, Lewes, at Madehurst Church, Arundel.

Mr. D. M. John has been appointed Assistant Town Clerk at Sunderland.

Mr. Vv. Johnson was married on July 28 to Miss Mary Noel \iVheatley, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 'i\Talter Wheatley, at St. Andrew's, Boscombe.

The R ev. D. E. M. G. Jones has been appointed to a curacy at St. Mary's, Swansea.

Mr. K. W. T. Jones has been appointed an assistant master of The College, Penarth.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ----------Dr. A. P . Kingsley was ma rried on September 25 to Miss Marjorie Hammond, daughter of the late Mr. G. C. and Mrs. Hammond, at St. John' s, P utney.

The Rev. F. A. J. Lamb has been appointed curate of the parish church of St. Nicholas, Galway.

The Rev. W . J. Lancaster is assistant priest at Lancaster Priory Church, and not Scotforth, as stated in the last issue of the Magazine. On Ap ril 26 he was married to Miss Betsy Louise Stringer, daughter of Mrs. Stringer, of Ra ven Lodge , Blackburn. l\fr. C . G. Lawrence has been appointed an assistant master a t Colston's School, Bristol.

Mr. D. J. A. Lobb has been appointed an assistant master at St. Andrew's School, Bloemfontein.

The Rev . F . L. H. M illard is resigning the vicarage of St. John' s, Angell Town, Brixton, on January 3, 1935, and is proposing to reside at Sidcup.

Mr . H. J. Mills was married at Aden on January 4 to Miss Aileen Rowe. To his duties as an assistant master at Newington College, Sydney, he has added those of assistant editor of The Aust ralian Teacher.

The Rev . B. P. Mohan is to be congratulated on the birth of a son on April 29.

Th e Rev. E . G. Mort imer has been appointed Vicar of Ashbury, vViltshire.

Mr. K. A. Muir is to be congratulated on the publication of The Nettle and th e Flo we r and Othe·r Poems by the Oxford University Press.

The R ev. A. MacL. Murray has been appointed Vicar of Warcop, 'i\T estmorland.

Mr. F . R. H. Murray is to be congratulated on his admirable translation from the Hungarian, Black M onaste·ry, by Aladar Kuncz, the war-time a utobiography of a Hungarian internee in France, which Messrs. C hatto and Windus have published. Mr. M urray has been a ppointed to the staff of the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Mr. W. R. Niblett is to be congratulated on his a ppointment as Lecturer in Education at Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Mr . T. V . Nicholson has been appointed Assistant to the L.N.E.R. Industrial Agent at K ing's Cross.

The Rev. K. C. Oliver was married on December 31 to Miss Margaret Crabtree, .daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Crabtree of Roundhay, Leeds, at St. Edward's, Roundhay.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. R. B. 1. Pates !fas been appointed an assistant master at the Forest School, Snaresbrook.

Mr. H. E. Pegg has been appointed to the Southern Rhodesian Educational Service and is assistant master at Prince Edward School, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia.

The Rev. V. ,i\T. Peake has resigned the vicarage of Midgham, Reading, and gone to live at W antage.

The Rev. J. E. T. Phillips has been appointed to a curacy at the parish church, Melksham, Wiltshire.

Mr. A. W. U. Roberts was married on September 5 to Miss Richenda Bertha Anne Norfolk, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Norfolk, at St. Peter's, Vere Street.

Mr. W. V. Reynolds, Assistant Lecturer in English Literature in the University of Sheffield, has been appointed Lecturer.

The Rev. F. D. M. Richards has been appointed Sacrist and Junior Cardinal of St. Paul's Cathedral.

The Rev. F. N: Robathan has been appointed Minor Canon of Westminster Abbey.

The Rev. G. Sayle has been appointed Vicar of Fylingdales, Robin Hood's Bay, Whitby.

Mr. R. Sayle, Headmaster of the Nelson School, Wigton, is to be congratulated on his appointment as Headmaster of the City of Bath School.

Mr. Percy A. Scholes is to be congratulated on proceeding to the Degree of Dr. es Lettres at the University of Lausanne, and on the publication of The Puritans and Music in England and New England by the Oxford University Press.

The Rev. C. C. Shaw has been appointed to a curacy at St. Michael and All Angels, Summertown, Oxford.

The Rev. F. S. \i\T. Simpson has been appointed Vicar of Breedon, Derby.

The Rev. F. A. and Mrs. Smalley have returned with their two children to resume their work in the W. China Union University, Chengtu, Szechwan. They travelled the last stage of the journey from Chungking by air, covering in two hours a distance which formerly took six weeks.

Mr. G. C. Smith has been appointed an assistant master at St. Bees School.

1ne Rev. P. S. Sprent, has been appointed assistant priest at St. Augustine's, Bournemouth. He is to be congratulated on the birth of Michael and Daphne on February 13.

The Rev. J: Stuttaford, Chaplain, R.A.F., is stationed with the 55 (B) Squadron, Hinaidi, Baghdad.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

43

The Rev. Austin H. Thompson is to be congratulated on his appointment as a Prebendary in St. Paul's Cathedral.

The Rev. H. \ i\T. Thorne has been appointed Rector of Leybourne, West Malling.

Mr. M. P. V. Vidal-Hall has gone out to Ecuador as Assistant to the Manager of the Ecuador Land Company in Ecuador.

Mr. R. E. Walker was married at St. Cyprian's, Kumasi, Gold Coast, on October 19, to Miss Peggy Barbara Lamprell. Fr. T. H. Horsfield officiated, and Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Blair were present.

The Rev. J. vV. C. \Vand, Dean of Oriel and Archbishop-elect of Brisbane, was consecrated in St. Paul's Cathedral on May 1, the Feast of St. Philip and St. James. On June 21, the Degree of D.D. honoris causa was conferred upon him. In presenting the Archbishop-elect, the Public Orator delivered the following Oration : Familiari suo quis non pignus amicitiae donare velit in longinquum profecturo? Vir au tern hie, quern ad vos adduco, propter sapientiam et doctrinam summis in Sacra Theologia honoribus ornan.dus est. Qui cum iuvenis in scholis scientiae suae primitias dedit, tum inter eos qui SS. Ecclesiae historiam docent eminentem locum adeptus libris doctissimis explicuit sacrorum sacramentorum qua ratione intellectae sint vis ac potestas, quo modo recentius Ecclesia Christiana progressa sit. Neque scriptis solum sed dictis quoque et ipso vitae tenore quid velit fides Christiana declaravit.

Nonne contionantem auvidimus in ecclesia Beatae Maria Virginis? nonne in capella Collegii sui Orielensis iuvenes hortatus est? nonne -id quod maius est-porta eius omnibus patuit, si forte doctrina, solacio, amicitia denique vitae viam ineuntibus succurreret? Haud mirum si talem virum in cathedram excelsissimam advocavit ecclesia Australiensis; nos autem, quibus gaudium cum desiderio commixtum est, votis eum prosequimur fausta omnia et felicia optantes.

Praesento vobis virum reverendissimum, in rebus divinis doctissimum, Ioannem Willelmum Carolum vVand, artium magistrum, Collegii Orielensis socium, decanum, capellanum, Archiepiscopum Brisbaniensem electum, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in SS. Theologia honoris causa.

Aularians will cordially applaud the sentiments therein expressed by the Public Orator and congratulate Dr. Wand very warmly on the high honour which the University has conferred upon him. He left England for Australia in July and was enthroned in Brisbane Cathedral on September 5. A few weeks later the news reached him of the death of his son Paul, an undergraduate member of Balliol College, who perished with another undergraduate in an attempt to ascend Mont Blanc by the very difficult southern face. The Archbishop is assured of the affectionate sympathy of all members of the Hall in the great sorrow that he and Mrs. Wand have been called upon to bear on the threshold of their new work.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Mr. H. B. Waters is to be congratulated on his appointment as Director of Agriculture in Kenya.

The Rev. E. R . Welles has been appointed Chaplain of St. Mark's School, Southborough, Massachusetts.

Dr. R. C. W. \Vhitling was married on November 27 to Miss Vera Dyett, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Dyett, at St. Mark's Church, Portsmouth.

The Rev. P. E. T. Widdrington has been appointed Rural Dean of Dunmow.

The Rev . F. J. Wood has been appointed to a curacy in Atherton parish church.

Mr. H. S. 0. Wood has been working with the Group Movement in E. London and N. Ireland.

The Rev. R. F'. Yates has gone to South Africa as Chaplain to the Bishop of Johannesburg.

The following Aularians living abroad have been in England this year: -The Rev. L. O'S. Beere (Korea), Mr. A. R. Clark (Gambia), the Rev. T. H. Croxall (India), Mr. M. W. Gallop (Canada), Mr. R. L. Hill (Sudan), Dr. M. M. Knappen (U.S.A.), Professor G. W. Knight (Canada), Mr. A. W. Read (U.S.A.), Mr. P. J. Sandison (Sudan), Mr. J. L. Tadman (Uganda), the Rev. E. R. Welles (U.S.A.).

We have gathered the following particulars concerning those Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the Magazine: Mr. G. C. R. Barker has obtained an appointment with the tirm of Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst & Lee. Mr. K. D. Belden is working with the Group Movement.

Mr. C. W. Boothroyd has been appointed to a temporary post on the staff of University College School.

Mr. J. Bradley, on the c9mpletion of the Tropical African Administrative Course, has taken up his appointment in Tanganyika Territory.

Mr. G. T : Brett is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. A. D . Browne is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. R. G. R. Calvert is at Bishops' College, Cheshunt.

Mr. G. S. Cansdale has been appointed to the Forestry Department, Gold Coast, and is stationed at Dunkwa.

Mr. W. Charlton has been admitted to the Unilever Training Course and is at Hull.

Mr. G. D. Cluer has been appointed an assistant master at the Royal Grammar School, Colchester.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

45

Mr. A. B. Codling has been appointed an assistant master at Bowden College, Cheshire.

Mr. F . Cooke has been appointed an assistant master a t Dardenne School, Kilmalcolm, Renfrewshire.

Mr. J. M. Edmonds has been appointed Geologist to the Sudanese Government.

Mr. F. M. A. Farrer is at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green.

Mr. D. J. Gillam has been appointed Lecturer in English at the University of Berne.

Mr. E. A. H. H eard has been appointed an assistant master at Bromley County School.

Mr. A. G. Hopewell has been appointed an assistant master at King Edward VI School, Southampton.

Mr. E . E. Hughes has been a ppointed an assistant master at Alleyne's Grammar School, Stevenage.

Mr. J. K. Jarvie has obtained an appointment with the Power Petroleum Company.

Mr. C. S . Jones is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. G. S. Keen has been appointed an assistant master at King Alfred's School, \Vantage.

Mr. J. N. \V. Leech is reading for the Bar. Mr. R . L. Lowe is at Salisbury Theological College.

Mr . C. J. Mabey, on the completion of the Tropical African Administrative Course, has taken up his appointment in Sierra Leone and is stationed at Port Loko in the Northern Province.

Mr. W. J. Meredith has been appointed an assistant master at the Friends' School, Lancaster.

Mr. L. P. Mosdell is an articled clerk in the office of Messrs.

Morrell, Peel and Gamlen, Oxford.

Mr. J . E. Mowll is at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green.

Mr. F. T. Okely has been appointed an assistant master at Brightsands School, Dulwich Common.

Mr. C. R. Oilier is at Ely Theological College.

Mr. H. R. Orton has obtained an appointment in the Manchester Chamber of Commerce.

Mr. P . C . Palmer has been appointed a n assistant master at Mill Hill School.

Mr. H. K. Pusey has been appointed Assistant Lecturer in Zoology at University College, London.

Mr. C . C. Reid is an articled clerk in the office of a firm of solicitors in Eastbourne.

Mr. A. Robinson has been appointed an assistant master at Taunton's School, Southampton.

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Mr. M. G. Robinson has been appointed an assistant master at the Grammar School, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Mr. B. E. Toland is an articled clerk in the office of a firm of 5olicitors in Leicester.

Mr. R. ]. Vaughan is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. \IV. Wallace is reading for the Bar. Mr. G. H. W. White has been appointed an assistant master at the Central School, Stafford.

Mr. D. H . \\Tillson is reading for the Diploma in Librarianship, University of London .

Mr. T. G. C. Woodford has been appointed an assistant master at Northampton City and County School.

Mr. A. J. Young has been appointed an assistant master at Cheltenham College.

During the year the following Aularians have been ordained:Deacons .-A. D. Bailey (Lincoln); H. Hedley (Carlisle); T. C. Heritage (Derby); P. S. Hordern (Portsmouth); F. ]. Wood (Liverpool).

P.riests.-Rev. C. F. Cardale (Wakefield); Rev. D. ]. Cockle (Worcester); Rev. R. G. Cornwell (Portsmouth); Rev. W. W . S. March ('Vinchester); Rev. A. P. Rose (Durham); Rev . ]. H. Torrens (Worcester); Rev. G. S. Wamsley (Gloucester); Rev.]. C. Yates (York).

SOCIETIES 1934 DEBATING SOCIETY. HILARY TERM,

1934.

President-W. G. FALLOWS. Secretary-K. D. LUKE. Vice-President- H. H. E. PEACOCK. Serious argument on vital problems was mixed with sparkling humour on lighter matters in the Society's make-up for the Hilary Term. Occasionally these two opposites were blended in the same debate . Thus the motion 'That the Yellow Peril is a danger to Western Civilization' enabled some to discuss the menace of the Far East while others preferred to call in question the Secretary's pullover. The Secretary's good taste was defended and the motion defeated. Marxists and others joined in denouncing 'The Penny Press,' though a minority championed these organs of popular news. The House was fairly evenly divided on the motion ' Tha t the Jewish race is the greatest that the world has ever seen.' Both of these debates produced good argumentative speeches.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE The lighter side of life was also well to the fore. G. C. R. Barker broke the record for funny stories told in one meeting for sharp practice. The high-water mark for mere mirth was reached in the debate on the motion ' That Men are made of Clay and ' iV omen make Niugs of them. ' The House was rocked with continuous laughter 'by the very funny speeches that this motion inspired. Our most populous and, a ll things considered, most successful debate was the occasion of the visit of the Vice-P rincipal a nd the Senior Tutor. The motion 'That our Young Men are lacking in Virility ' gave the Senior Tutor, in proposing, his opportunity to draw contrasts of the old age and the new. The Vice-P rincipal with undisguised glee attacked the pessimism of this outlook and defended the younger generation. We were greatly indebted to the Vice-Principal and the Senior Tutor for their visit and for their excellent speeches.

In retrospect we claim the term a successful one. The policy of this, the most ancient of Hall Societies, changed little. Private business was unchecked with a view to encouraging the ' mischiefmakers' not to intrude their guffaws into public business. The speeches were of a high standard and discrimination is difficult.

G. C. R. Barker, J. C. Adamson and C. C. Hughes excelled on the humorous side, while the Secretary, A. L. Crowe, J. Park and J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn were the mainstay of the more serious vein. The Vice-President was usua lly on both sides at once. This combination of mirth and thought was undoubtedly the chief feature of the term.

W.G.F. MICHAELMAS TERM.

? ·r esident- H. H. E. PEACOCK. Vive-President-K. D. LUKE. Secretary-]. J. D. A. P. M. QUINN. The Society commenced this term with a serious political debate, when G. A. Forrest moved 'That the National Government is a failure, a farce and a fraud . ' G. W. MacNaught opposed, and two visitors from Christ Church, Mr. W. G. C. Shebbeare and Mr. I. D. H arvey, spoke third and fourth. The high standard of debate set by the first four speakers was hot allowed to fall by subsequent speakers, and the debate continued to be closely argued until the time for the closure. In the Freshmen's debate H. G. Dawber, J.. C. Cain, W. S. Mills and J. C. Stephenson debated the desirability of a Purity Campaign, and plainly .demonstrated that the recent tendency of the Society to debate seriously would receive plenty of support in the immediate future. On November 5th a Mock Trial of Guy Fawkes was appropriately

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staged, and although the spirit of the evening was not, perhaps, conducive to closely-reasoned argument on the part of Counsel, the House, as the Jury, acknowledged its debt to the founder of the institution of Nov. 5th by acquitting the prisoner. D. Floyd gave most convincing evidence as Guy Fawkes, in spite of the malicious attack of his mother-in-law, P. H. Rogers; while J. C. Cain almost convinced the House that a lady was present .. Mr. J. P. Hickerton of St. Catherine's presided as Judge, and much of the success of the evening was due to his skilful handling of the Court.

His objection to the calling of Mae \Vest as witness for the Crown on the ground that she was the bosom friend of America was met with tremendous applause. The motion ' That Pacifism and Defeatism are closely akin ' produced some sound debating in which several Freshmen took part, while the debate with the O.U. Home Students was a resounding success. Not only were fifty-five members present, but a great many wished to speak. The motion ' That this House would rather have a son than a daughter ' was carried by a narrow majority, while the eagerness with which members spoke on the motion ·was as reassuring as their eloquence.

In reviewing the activities of the Society this term, two things may fairly be said. As a whole the Society wants to debate seriously; and, secondly , there no longer remains a group of members who would like debates conducted in the spirit of the tap-room.

For Hilary Term the following officers were elected: President, K. D. Luke; Vice-President, J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn; Secretary, J.C. Cain.

H.H.E.P.

ESSAY SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1934.

P·r esident - J. McDON'AUGH. The essays this term fully satisfied the high standards that the Society exacts ; but there was a quality about them which cannot wholly be explained by the variety and interest of their subjectmatter. Probably because no essayist was concerned merely with the destruction of existing institutions, they brought to their writing a personal interest in their subject, and they wrote to establish their point of view with a seriousness varying from the convincingness of the advocate to the zealous fervour of the disciple. When destruction was necessary to achieve their aim, their weapon was commonly satire, not rhetoric. Each gave to his essay an individual significance which had its reflection in the freshness and lively activity that marked the discussions.

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The first essay, read by F. Cooke and entitled 'The Diamond that was Carbon,' was no exception. He approached critically the modern passion for analysis, with special reference to psychoanalysis, and his quarrel was that the constant searching for explanations, especially scientific explanations, was rapidly producing a most unhealthy self-consciousness. There was too little appreciation of the value of ' insight.' The ' loss ' that was always present in analysis was aesthetic, and only by holding fast to the latter could modern thought offset the subtle materialism that threatened it.

At the second meeting the Society was forced to face facts more concrete. D. J. Gillam, in his essay 'Taboo,' introduced the Society to some interesting material regarding taboo's nature and origins. But the provocative part of his essay dealt with parallels that he .drew between the position of taboo in primitive organizations and the moral and legislative codes of modern society, and with the artificiality that resulted when unreasoning obedience today to outworn taboos caused men to follow each other sheep-like through waves of contradictory hypocrisy.

The third, P . C. Birkinshaw's essay on 'Leonardo,' was undoubtedly the hest. The essayist attempted the defence of Leonardo against the charge of dilletantism, before the .difficult jury of the Society, and was largely successful. It involved a survey of the man.,s life, an analysis and judgment on his literary and scientific writings, and an attempt to show how his art unified and illustrated his many-sided perfection. It ·was a task that demanded ,perfect clarity of style and an accurate sense of selection . The essayist's triumph was this, that ultimately the Society agreed with him.

Leonardo's 'apology' - ' [ have been hindered neither by avarice nor by negligence, but by lack of time '-was an excellent epitaph.

The fourth essay, read by D . H . Willson on' Mary \\7ebb,' was really an attempt to justify Stanley Baldwin's statement that 'her sensibility is so acute, her power over words so sure and swift, that one who reads some passages in Whitehall has almost the physical sense of being in Shropshire cornfields ' ; the essayist relied mainly on quotations.

The fifth and sixth essays of the term were concerned with politics. G . A . Forrest in his essay on ' Fascism' went into a detailed description of the political and social conditions prevailing after the war in Europe, in which the movement had its origin, and he gave it fu!l credit for the work it had done. But in criticism he probed beneath the party form, declaring it the supreme unification of capital and political control, camouflaged by nationalist and

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' racial doctrines, by the regimenting of men's minds and muscles in 'codes' that deny criticism. vV. J. Meredith in his essay 'Once we begin ' worked out a pa rticularly individual theme, declaring that through the entry of sentiment into Eng-lish politics her greatness and her prestige abroad is disappearing. It was written with considerable wit and fire, with constant provocative allusions to India , international affairs, and the position _of women in politics.

In the final essay, ' News a nd History,' the President outlined some personal views on the wrong-headedness of the pseudohistorical approach to current events, now popular in the press.

It was undoubtedly the real sincerity of the essayists that maintained a high standard of writing throughout the term ; and at a ll times their work was leavened with a humour and wit which, if as the discussion proved did not disarm criticism, at least tempered its sting.

G. A. Forrest was elected President for the Michaelmas Term.

J.McD .

MICHAELMAS TERM.

P-r esident-G. A.

FORREST.

This term the Society has somewhat departed from its traditional habit that essayists should be fanciful, controversial and at all costs forceful, so that the ensuing discussion, fixed immediately on what was often quite a minor point, should go off at a tangent of its own, to the neglect of the essayist's main theme, and everybody be satisfied if only the argument were sufficiently fast and furious. All our essays have, however, been more sympathetically conceived and executed with a bottom of commonsense (as Dr. Johnson would have said) 'to point a moral and adorn a tale' ; and discussions, thoug h sometimes lamentably few have stayed to them, have struck the happy balance between the dogmatic and the persuasive. Althoug h to some extent the \York of specialists, d ealing as occa sion d emanded with technical points, the Society ' s attention has always been consistently well-maintained, and it is a high tribute to the essayists to say that interest did not flag. Those who, believing that straws sho-w which way the wind blows, like to attach a wide significance to small events, will see in this greater simplicity of subject and its treatment another sign of the times; those who do not, will welcome it as widening the Society's ra nge and purpose.

In the first essay P. C. Birkinshaw, taking 'Art in Action' as his theme, surveyed the function of the artist in the commun-ity to-day against an historical background; in which the essayist

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sketched the mediaeva l view of art as existing ad maiorem gloriam Dei, to th e disad vantage of our contemporary sterility.

In 'Death in th e Afternoon ' J. Park described with pleasing illustration the history and practice of bull-fighting, showing it as a characteristic of Spanish national life. As he succeeded in recapturing som ething of the tensity of the scene, members had an exciting evening .

It was a strange coincidence, and both President and essayist are agreed tha t it was purely a coincidence, that caused H. G. Edward's essay , 'The Thin Red Line,' to fall on Nov. IIth. For it was a study in military tactics and strategy as exemplified in the campaigns ~f the Peninsular War and of the Great War. To ordinary members who a re not conversant with military theory the essay came as an exposure of the ruthless military machine which must always think of ' advantage' and never of men. But the essayist proceeded dauntlessly with his theories, while the Society could not hut seem, on such a d ay, a little awestruck.

D. Floyd d ealt with ' Soviet China,' and described how for upwards of a hundred million people the spread of Communist China had·meant order where previously chaos and banditry had reigned, and a new hope for society in place of hideous despair. This essay admirably fulfilled its purpose, for not only was information given on a topic that secures but brief mention in the Press, but the essayist also proved himself adept at propaganda that did really pers uade.

Treating of 'Post-War Poetry,' R. Abercrombie set himself the task-it is difficult enoug h in all conscience-of describing the modern poets and leaving members to judge for themselves ; so that his essay was, in his own words , 'always on the defensive.'

His readings from various writers whose work he was considering were particularly well chosen and added much to the pleasure of the evening.

At the last meeting G. R. Shield read a long and very informative essay on ' Minorities,' which wa s obviously the result of wide reading and provoked perhaps the longest and most fruitful of our discussions. Stressing always the inviolable rights of a minority amongst a racially different majority, the essayist examined the history of the League of Nation's work on minority commissions, and urged that further powers be given the League to implement them in their task-'--altogether a most stimulatingly realist essay.

At the concluding meeting P. C. Birkinshaw was elected President for next term .

G.A.F.

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HILARY TERM, 1934.

P·r esident-0. D. C. W. KING-WooD. Secretary-I. E. N. BESLEY. As usual, the Society began the term with a play of Shakespeare, and 'Othello' was read well enough to be enjoyed in spite of its length. lbsen's 'Doll's House' was somewhat disappointing, but everyone seemed to appreciate Mordaunt Sharpe's 'Green Bay Tree,' and' The Devil's Disciple' gave us Shavian wit at its .best. 'The Plough and the Stars,' by Sean O'Casey, proved difficult to read, and the variations of the Irish accents provided the chief entertainment. Two one-act plays, ' Good Friday ' and ' The Moon of the Cari bees,' were perhaps the least successful ; but the last two meetings amply atoned for this. Clifford Bax's 'Rose without a Thorn ' met with the usual success of a good historical play; and 'The Lake,' by Dorothy Massingham, was remarkable mainly for the high standard of reading attained.

I. E. N. Besley was elected President and S. E. Bradshaw Secretary for· the Trinity Term.

O . D.C.W.K-W. TRINITY TERM. President-I. E. N. BESLEY. Sec-retary-S. E. BRADSHAW. The Society had never before met in the Trinity Term, but, elated by its success of the previous term, it decided to hold three meeting; and the experiment proved quite successful. Pirandello's ' Six Characters ' was unfortunate in failing to receive the support which it required. ' The Importance of Being Earnest,' by Oscar \Vilde, was thoroughly enjoyed, and Clifford Bax's 'Socrates · attracted the largest attendance of the term.

S. E. Bradshaw was elected President and A. M. Urquhart Secretary for the Michaelmas Term.

I.E.N.B. MICHAELMAS TERM. President-S. E . BRADSHAW. Secretary -A. M. URQUHART. Shakespeare's' Much Ado about Nothing' opened the Society's programme, followed by C. L. Antony's' Service.' lbsen's ' Ghosts' was excellently read by a small cast, and appreciated by a number of members who were keen enough to listen a lthough there were no parts for them. At the fourth meeting, the Society was able to return the hospitality of a year ago, and to invite the Oxford Home Students' Play Reading Society to read ' Lady Windermere's Fan,'

by Oscar Wilde. Preliminary glances at the text enabled everyone to make the most of their par.ts, and the meeting was certainly the most successful of the term. A. A. Milne's 'Fourth Wall' was

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sufficiently intriguing; and Gordon Daviot's 'Queen of Scots' was as enjoyable as was expected. The large female cast of Van Druten's ' Distaff Side ' made the reading difficult; nevertheless his wit was much appreciated. 'The Wind and the Rain,' by Merton Hodge, was a fitting ending to a successful term.

A. M. Urquhart was elected President for the Hilary Term.

S.E.B. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY. Owing to building operations in the Quadrangle there was no Eights W~ek Concert during Trinity Term.

MICHAELMAS TERM CONCERT.

On D ecembe1- 5th, at 8.30 p .m., the Musical Society gave a concert in the Dining Hall. The first item was a Sonata for two violins by Handel, played by H. H. E. Peacock and M. J. D. Carmichael. .T his was an interesting work, and on the whole was very ably played. There were, indeed, no serious flaws; the two violins went together very well, and there was never any suggestion of misunderstanding. In spite of the acoustics of the Hall, which are not quite suitable to violin music, the tone was most pieasing; H. H. E. Peacock's was especially good. The slow movements were inclined to drag; those in a faster tempo were taken with great verve and sympathy.

Next, J. C. E. Hayter sang three songs, all well known and all well sung. H e has a very pleasing voice, thoug h he is inclined to lose breath and to come perilously n ear a shout on his top notes. · Nevertheless, his singing throughout the evening was consistently enjoyable and refreshingly free from amateurishness.

The most brilliant performance of the evening was that by E. F. A. Suttle. He played three piano solos, the Prelude from an English suite by Bach and two Chopin Impromptus. Occasionally his playing seems to lack strength, and especially in the Bach he tended to obscure the runs. The ' Fantasie Impromptu' was played excellently; both execution and understanding were first-class.

The second half of the programme opened with a slow movement from a Double Conce.1-to for two violins by Bach. This was a difficult work; H. H. E. Peacock and M. J. D. Carmichael, however, showed that they had not been too ambitious. The rhythm \Vas well maintained, in spite of its difficulty, and the tendency in most pl:!yers to lose grip of it was notably absent. In the three violin solos which followed H. H. E. Peacock was not quite so happy. Elgar's' Chanson de Matin' and Couperin's 'Aubade Provenc;:ale' were played charmingly, but . the Brahms Sonata was

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evidently too much for him. In the Elgar, B. W. Cave-BrowneCave's accompanying showed that the Hall has acquired another good pianist. ,The concert finished with a group of three songs by Vaughan\Villiams, sung by J. C. E. Hayter. Once again he gave a very good performance, though the first was somewhat roughly sung.

The standard of this concert was high and was a .great improvement on previous ones. The omission of the part-songs seemed to be regretted by no one. It is a pity that more members o.f the Hall did not patronise this concert; we .can assure those who did not attend that it was well worth hearing.

R. ABERCROMBIE. The officers of the Society elected for the year 1934-35 were : President, H. H. E . Peacock; Secretary, E. F. A. Suttle.

MAKERS SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1934.

Secretary- P.H. ROGERS. President-W. WALLACE. The first visitor to the Society was Mr. L. A. G. Strong, who read some well-chosen extracts from his novels and a fine unpublished short story, Snow Caps. His command of dialect was astonishing; he seemed equally at ease as Cockney, Irishman or West-country farmer. He was accompanied by his host, Mr. E. J. O'Brien, and the evening was concluded wtih reminiscences of the early days of the Philistine Club . . On February 28th Mr. Ivor Brown read- a paper in defence of the Edwardians. He could see no one in any field of literary or cultural activity who was in any way worthy of the Edwardian bequest of liberty. In politics, Communism and Fascism; in literature, Eliot, Pound, and Lawrence; in science, psychology, and in ' particular the German Libido school, filled him with horror and almost caused him to despair of the continuity of the English tradition. Several members attempted to persuade him that something good might even yet come of the modems; but he remained implacable and fought to the last against G. A. Forrest's monstrous suggestion that Communism might imply as much liberty as modern Capitalism.

A rather spare Magazine meeting on the last Tuesday of the term produced some half-dozen contributions. R. Aberctombie's ' In the Time of our Death ' was much appreciated.

The following elections were made at the end of term : PresiP.H.R . dent, P. H . Rogers; Secretary, C. C. Hughes.

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MICHAELMAS TERM.

Under the title ' Hollywood,' Mr. R. C. Sherriff gave the Society a very interesting talk on the difference between writing for the films and for the stage. He told some amusing stories of the treatment of the playwright in an institution where even stories are expected to be mass produced ; and concluded the evening with a graphic account of the kidnapping trade in California.

On November 13th Mr. Stanley Casson, Fellow of New College, spoke on ' Modern Sculpture.' He drew a series of good distinctions between the various kinds of work of the present, and showed many different ways in which a sculptor may approach his work.

He emphasised the importance of the change from clay modelling to direct carving, and exhibited a set of tools. The Principal honoured the Society with his presence, and enlivened the subse~ quent discussion with his wit.

Mr. Charles vVilliams traced the significance of ' Henry V ' in Shakespeare's tragic development. H e questioned the opinion that the play was mainly patriotic in aim, and looked upon it rather as a presentation of the fell incensed points of mighty opposites on which great issues are felt to be at stake. The character of Henry is an early study of the hero questioning and accepting his fate : ' 'Tis good for men to love their present pains,' and ' How thou wiliest, God dispose the day.' And the slight introspectiveness of his soliloquies, together with the hastily treated incident of the treachery, are enough to make us 'Entertain conjecture of a time When creeping murmur and the pouring dark Fills the wide vessel of the universe.'

The Magazine meeting was fairly well supported, though more prose would have been welcome. I. L. Serraillier's 'Fragment from Hey-Diddle-Diddle ' was much appreciated. Other contributions were by H . H. E. Peacock, G. R. Shield, I. E. N. Besley, P. H. Rogers and T. E. M. Ashton.

The following elections have been made for the Hilary Term : President , C. C. Hughes ; Secreta·ry, R . Abercrombie.

P.H.R. LIDDON SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1934.

Chairman-P. N. LoNGRIDGE. SeC'retary - W. G. FALLOWS. On January 25th the . Rev. Stephen Neil spoke to the Society on ' Christian Education in India.' Mr. Neil, who had served in Southern India for ten years, traced the progress of education

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among the village boys, emphasizing the fact that the educational system was one which was likely to give the native a useful knowledge of technical as well as purely academic subjects. Turning to the education of girls, Mr. Neil said that owing to the admirable service of women teachers the g irls' education was probably somewhat in advance of that of the boys. The number of Christian converts, he added, was encouragingly large.

The second meeting was held on Sunday, February IIth. W. G. Fallows and T. M. F. Rogers were elected Chairman and Secretary respectively for the coming two terms. W. G. Fallows then read a paper entitled 'The Necessity of Modernism.' The paper was an able and sincere exposition of the modernist view which provoked considerable discussion .

The third meeting of the term was held on Thursday, February 22nd, at which the Rev. the Vic~ -Principal (Vice-President) took the chair and introduced the R ev. V. H. Sherwin, who talked to the Society about the Melanesian Mission. Mr. Sherwin held the Society's attention for over an hour with a description of his adventures, mainly on pioneer mission work in Northern Australia and on a lonely mission station. in New Guinea. Mr. Sherwin described the gradual introduction of Christianity to a savage, showing how slum clearance, medicinal and sanitary work preceded the effort to dispel fear and introduce Christian teaching.

On Sunday, March 4th, P. H. Rogers read a paper entitled ' Literature and Liturgy.' Having apologised for the fact that he was not going to talk on this subject at all, P. H. Rogers proceeded to an interesting essay on Poetry and Religion. During the discussion which followed, the practical problems of introducing more poetic feeling into organized religion were propounded at length.

P .N .L. TRINITY TERM.

Chairman - W. G. FALLOWS. Secretary-T . M. F. ROGERS. 'Varieties of Christian Experience' would be_an apt summary of the Trinity Term's programme. On Sunday, May 6, the Right Rev. C . H. Boutflower, the ex-Bishop of Southampton, descended froni. Boar's Hill to impart some of the experience he had gained in Japan . Twelve years' work in the mission field in the Far East, where the speaker had been Bishop of Tokyo, enabled him to speak authoritatively on the subject 'Problems of Patriotism in Japan.'

The nature of Japanese patriotism was very different from that of the Anglo-Saxons, and the Bishop dealt with the various and complex problems arising out of this distinction. Especially was it

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difficult for Christianity, w ith its insi s tence on the sacredness of indiv idual lives, to work a mong a race whose patriotism emphasised the sacrifice of the individual to the co rporate body with the Emperor as its head. This resulted in ma ny suicides. A lengthy discussion t estified to the interest that the talk had aroused.

The R ev. J . B. L. J ellicoe in his talk on Sunday, May 27th, entitled 'The F a ith in Action,' outlined the principles of a Christian sociology. This h e illustrated by the work of slum clearance in St. Pancras and Penzance on w hich h e had been engaged. In man y ways thi s was a rema rka bl e and impressive address.

Our underg radua te pa pers are usua lly more academic than those of our learned v isitors. C. C. Hug hes wound up the session by maintaining this t radition in his pa per 'A Layman's Point of Vi ew,' which he read to the Society on Sunday, June 3rd. In the justification of his Ang lo-Catholic faith the speaker (here we crib the S ecretary's minutes) surveyed the course of religious thought as a n '<' ama teur ' (as he call~d himself) with the ability of a historian. Thi s was a pa per mark ed by its comprehensiveness and sincerity.

W.G.F. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Chairman -

vV. G.

FALLOWS.

S ec·retciry -

J.

E.

FRAME.

G. R. S hield launched the new term by conducting the Society in imagination on a n ' Excursion to the Isle of Dogs .' This imaginary flig ht was made very successfully on Sunday, Oc tober 21st, but the speaker's own excursion to this blighted slum-land had b een a real one. A concentrated study of conditions enabled the speaker to convey some of the vividness of the impress ions that he himself had received. H e outlined the new Slum Clearance Sch eme for dealing with this pa rticular area, and ma de a n eloquent a ppeal for support.

The Society was deli g hted by the visit of Dr. Albert M~nsbridge on Tuesday, October 3otb. Speaking on 'Bishop Gore and Bishop Talbot,' Dr. Mansbridge unveiled the careers and characters of these two emin ent ecclesiastics with an appreciation, an intimacy and a humour that few, if a ny , living men could have emulated.

Bishop Talbot, the first Warden of K eble , ha d successfully guided that institution through its earl y a nd difficult d ays. Bishop Gore, too, whom Dr. Mansbridge called the g reatest Churchman of the last fifty years , had a g reat influence in Oxford as Head of Pusey Hou se and then as Bis hop. Both men had ra ised the standard of the E nglish episcopate a nd both were men of the world in the best sense. They were inten sely human. Talbot, a family man who

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wrote little, envied Gore's intellectual output ; but Gore, who never married and wrote a lot, envied much more deeply Talbot's children. For Gore loved children as he loved trespassing, and would stop to play with them in the street. No summary can do justice to Dr. Mansbridge's talk. We did our best to draw more out of him in question time, and though we succeeded and our questions were numerous, yet we did not satisfy him. So we suffered his benevolent despotism, enjoyed his rep_rimands, and were grateful.

Our third meeting was devoted to the perennial problem of \Illar, on Sunday, November r8th. B. W. Whitlow led the attack by reading a paper on 'Christianity and War.' This was a very lucid and comprehensive statement of Christian pacifism. The sp_eaker made a plea for a consideration of the problem from the Christian, as distinct from the political, viewpoint, and considered that Christians ought to be pr'\nred to make some sacrifice for this ideal. The discussion testified to the success of the paper by · the support it gave to the speaker's views.

An ex-Chairman of the Society, Mr. F. M. A. Farrer, concluded the session on Sunday, November 25th, by kindly consenting to· talk at short notice on ' The Oxford House in Bethnal Green.' Mr. Farrer described the Oxford House and its constitution, laying great stress on what it stood for in Bethnal Green.

Details of the activities of the Boys' Clubs connected with the Oxford House were then narrated in enthusiastic style. The speaker, being a manager of one of the Clubs, was in a position to satisfy our thirst for knowledge by answering authoritatively the many questions which were put to him. We were glad of ·this opportunity of renewing Mr. Farrer's acquaintance before the curtain fell on the term's programme.

W.G.F. DIOGENES CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1934.

President-P . . H. ROGERS. Secretary-K. D. LUKE. At the forty-first meeting T. J. Childs and P. H. Rogers opened a <liscussion on 'The Cult of Sappho as an Intellectual Revival.'

Both speakers were compelled to treat of the more genera.I topic of homosexuality owing to the lack of material under the more specific title of the discussion. Both speakers also lamented the difficulty of speaking impartially; T. J. Childs admitted a sense of guilt in reading Ellis and Ebbing, and P. H. Rogers found that, however natural in the biological sense homosexuality might be, and however talented its subjects might prove, he could not help

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feeling that it was an affliction. Childs elucidated the psychological side of the topic, and Rogers attempted to trace its growth as a literary fashion. The ensuing discussion turned to Platonic friendship, and discovered numerous historical instances.

K. D. Luke and E. E . Lowe opened the topic 'Kinder, Kleider, Kiiche.' Luke, translating it into 'Kids, Clothes, Kitchen,' talked of marriage from the woman's point of view, and insisted that the present economic status of women was illogical and unjust. E. E. Lowe expressed his admiration for tradition on the question, and found that man's superior social status was the logical and just outcome of his s uperiority in all activities except love. G . A. Forrest came to Luke's assistance, and though admitting the superiority of man from a productivist standard of value, contended that the man-made sexual ethic was flagrantly unjust. T. J. Childs said he thought it was a very even discussion.

The proposition 'That laughter has its basis in cruelty ' was opened by C. C. Hughes, who said that before coming to any decision a careful distinction should be made between animal and intellectual laughter. E. E. Hughes, continuing the discussion, said that cruelty and laughter were entirely distinct, since cruelty implied a disposition in a person to inflict suffering, whereas laughter was a purely spontaneous physical act. Laughter at the suffering of others was due to the negative quality of lack of sympathy, not cruelty. S. F. Parsons suggested that laughter sprang from the incongruous. Various other sources of laughter were considered, and different qualities of it exemplified in Theophrastus, Rabelais, Moliere and Charlie Chaplin.

At the fo urth meeting of the term the Vice-Princit>al visited the Society and opened a discussion on 'The Leisure State.' H e traced the course of industrial events from early post-War conditions to the depression of 1933, and found that the main problem was that of over-production. As early as 1700 Bellars had d eclared that ' A man in proper employment is capable of making more than a living,' and now Henry Ford maintained that a five-hour day in a fo ur-day week was well within reach . This increased leisure suggested three alternatives for the future : (a) Man might use his leisure to some advantage but fail to move from a workdominated psychology. (b) He might refuse to advance through ftar : a recurrence of mass machine-wrecking was not impossible. (c) Man could accept his new knowledge with gratitude and make of it an instrument to furthe~ the welfare of the community.

Leisure, rightly used, should ~ontain the two elements of effort and rest. Under modern conditions recreation after overwork

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tended to become a stimulation to over-excitement from outside, which achieved no psychological rest because it called for no effort.

The lively discussion which followed turned upon the means of accomplishing this right use of leisure in modern society, the speaker pleading for a modification of the capitalist system to fit new needs, against the more sweeping and universal changes advocated by a few more ardent members of the Club.

At the last m~Pting of the term P. C. Birkinshaw and W. ].

Meredith opened a discussion on 'Poetry and Democracy.' Birkinshaw blamed the Romantics for the dichotomy between poetry and the people, arid looked forward to a poetry of power and simplicity which should subject itself to a purpose and subject its expression to its aim. Meredith disagreed with Birkinshaw in that he thought Nationalism and not Democracy to be the right environment. Pre-Reformation order in literature, a coherence of form and purpose that was lacking in modern poetry, was due to a national spirit. The great eras in poetry had been eras of nationalism, and poetry would revive only by a reversion to nationalist politics. The issues raised by these two points of view were so numerous and varied that the discussion, though prolonged, could not be kept clown to any definite lines.

The following elections were made for the Trinity Term : ?-resident, K. D. Luke; Treasurer, P. C. Birkinshaw; Secretary, W. G. Fallows.

P.H.R. TRINITY TERM.

P·r esident- K. D . LUKE. Secreta·ry,-W. G. FALLOWS. Treasurer-P. C.

BIRKINSHAW.

Attendance at the meetings of the Club has always been inclined to drop off during the Summer Term, but it may be said truly that those who were present at the three summer meetings did not think their time wasted.

The visit of Mr. F. B. Hora, who spoke on 'Heredity and S0< ial Reform,' was particularly welcome, as he had combined a scit ntific with a classical education and had made a profound study of biology. In many ways this was the most interesting met ting of the term. Overwhelming evidence was brought forward of the inevitable potency of heredity. The slum dweller with a cmninal tendency could not be made into a worthy citizen by the so.~iit! reformer housing him in a palace and feeding him on stout an. 1 oysters.

1 he 'Riddle of the Psychic World' remained a riddle at the er1-1' 4 f two hours' fascinating discussion. The· point at issue finally

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

61

became the validity of the experience of two graduate members of women's colleges in Oxford, who visualised clearly and independently in 1go1 scenes which existed in 1792.

At the last m eeting of the term the Club found itself unable to give a definite answer to the question ' Is suicide justifiable? ' But after much argument, which was mainly theological, it was almost unanimous in its approval of a doctor 's painless extinction of a hopeless case.

K.D.L. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- \IV. G. FALLOWS. Secretary - P. C. BIRK IN SHA w.

Treasurer - G. vV. McN AUGHT. Dialect, politics, art and philosophy gave substance to four successful meetings in the Michaelmas Term. Such extensive range seemed much appreciated an d enabled most of the members to give vent to some prejudice during the course of the session. ' Daventry or Daintry ' was the usual wrangle between standardised English and local dialects. This was ably introduced by G. W. McNaught a nd A. M. Urquhart on Saturday, October 27 th. These and subsequent speakers kept very much to the point, and members took d efinit e sides. Those in favour of standardisation appealed to progress, w hile others, without touching sentiment, were eager to preserve local dialects because some day a poet m ay be born in Sheffield. It was considered monstrous that such a prodigy should be compelled to express himself in B .B.C. English. ' Contemporary Germany ' was an obvious and controversial subject. Accordingly H . F .. Cook and K. D. Luke launched a discussion on ' H ei l Hitler.' This meeting was marked less by the quality of the discussion than by the full and able treatment by the opening speakers. In discussing a subject in which knowledge of the facts means everything, we were fortunate in having speakers who complied with this, and who were eye-witnesses of the situation . Between them they covered in outline the development of political philosophy iri Germany from the .time of Hegel, and the trend of post-war events. The explanation of National Socialism lay in the national idiosyncrasies of the German people, which Hitler epitomised. N e ither speaker was prepared to' H e il Hitler,' but a plea for more faithful representation of the facts by the opponents of National Socialism was an appropriate last word.

From politics to art, with C. C. Hughes and R. Abercrombie debating whether 'All good artists should be dead.' This was a difficult subject to interpret, and the speakers approached it from different angles. The problem seemed to be whether or not an age

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could estimate the worth of its own artists, but other kindred topics encroached. The Victorian age came in for much abuse and some praise, while sincerity was enthusiastically championed as the first requirement for all art. Under pressure, this was allowed to include sincere insincerity.

The Society was g reatly indebted to Mr. F. B. Hora of New College for reading a paper on ' Determinism and Freewill ' on Saturday, December 1st. Our visitor, a scientist, took his stand on the side of freewill, and showed the Iogica.l absurdity of an absolute and uncompromising determinism. He argued with great skill for the law of chance and for an ambiguous future. Mr. Hora swept away a lot of intellectual debris and cleared the air on this stupendous philosophical problem. The President thanked the speaker for his masterly exposition, the high standard of which was hardly maintained in the interesting discussion which followed.

W.G.F.

? ·r esident- I. E. N.

LES DIX-HUIT. s ecretaire -

BESLEY.

c. c.

HUGI-JES.

LE TRIMESTRE DE PRINTEMPS, 1934.

La Societe a eu ce trimestre six reunions ; on a Ju Jes pieces suivantes: "Le Cid" de Corneille, "Phedre" de Racine, " L' Avare '' de Moliere, '' Le Barbier de Seville '' de Beaumarchais, "L'Hernani" de Victor Hugo, et deux petites comedies de Musset. La Societe, ayant lu quelques-unes des plus puissantes tragedies et des plus amusantes comedies du theatre frarn;:ais, s'est decidee qu'il serait interessant d'en lire des autres moins connues et plus modernes. Suivant l'exemple d'autres societes du college, Jes dix-huit ont resolu de ne tenir aucune reunion pendant Jes mois d'ete. La Societe a maintenant survecu deux trimestres; ii faut esperer que sa vie, si propitieusement commencee, sera longue et heureuse ! l.E.N. B. 1

LE TRIMESTRE D AUTOMNE.

Prcsident-C. C. HUGHES. Secretaire-A. M. URQUHART. Tresorier-T. E. M. ASHTON'.

Ce trimestre ii y a eu quatre reunions pour lire les pieces suivantes: "Jeu de !'Amour et du Hasard" de Marivaux, "Marion Delorme" de Victor Hugo, et " Topaze" de Pagnol. La societe a eprouve quelque difficulte a procurer Jes livres : ii a fallu lire "Marion Delorme" avec deux copies--chose qui a rencontre plus de succes qu'on ne puisse autrement imaginer. Plus d'une moitie de la societe n'a jamais assiste aux reunions: par consequent.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ad ieu a tous Jes oisifs a la fin de ce trimestre ! On a trouve une ruse assez ingenieuse pour procurer Jes pieces modernes. Le secreta ire en a achete une d emie-douza ine d e M. Blackwell : a pres le!> reunions on Jes a mi ses aux encheres ; bien avantageux a m essieurs Jes marchands et a _messieurs Jes acheteurs !

A la derniere reunion Jes officiers suivants ont ete elus pour le trimestre prochain: President, A. M. Urquhart; S ec-r<Jtaire, F. L. W. Eade. On a confie Jes d evoirs du tresorier a u secretaire.

Vivc le theatre fr a rn;ais !

C.C.H.

CLUBS, 1934 THE BOAT CLUB. HIL ARY TERM, 1934.

Captain - G. T. BRETT. Secretary- I. M. S CIO RTINO .

Yet aga in has the H a ll ri sen hig her on the river in Torpids tha n ever before. T wo more bumps over Wadham and Worceoiter leave us now seventh on the r iver. The fac t that five of the crew were Freshmen, onl y o ne of w hom ha d rowed before, makes this a remarkably fine achievement, a nd is a tribute to the fin e spirit of keenness a nd dete rmin ation a ll through training which characterised those ·who rowed.

Practice began on Friday, J a nuary 1 2 , and the V III went out for th e first tim e on the foll m,vi ng Monday. Two changes were made from the crew w hich had gone out at the end of the Michaelmas T erm, Eade a nd Ashton com ing in for Wallace a nd Birkenshaw, who were unab le to row . Apart from a difficulty as to who should occupy the No. 2 thwart, the best order soon became a ppa rent and the crew quickly settled down.

It is essential that a crew should be g iven as much variety as possible, and this year the training was conducted on the system of alternate ·lig ht a nd heavy outings, with a larger number of journeys above and below locks than usual.

It is perhaps worth putting on record that on J a nuary 24 the VIII was unable to go out, owing to what must have been the densest fog in Oxford for many years. At one time from a tub in mid-stream it was impossible to see either bank, while shouting and laughter frequently announced the collisions of tub pa irs. It was freezing hard and ice had formed along the banks.

On the Monday before races a change had to be made owing to ' 4 .' failing to pass the swimming test. Ashton was moved up to '4' and Crowe, who had only been in an VIII twice before, gallantly filled the ' 2 ' thwart.

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Delightful spring-like conditions favoured the week of races.

The Hall, beginning ninth in Division I, made an excellent start by bumping Wadham at the Free Ferry. On the second day Balliol II caught Worcester I ahead and the Hall rowed over. A magnificent race was witnessed on Saturday between the Hall and Worcester.

Coming out of the Gut half a length ahead Worcester held the Hall all the way up to the Pink Post, when a magnificent spurt on the part of the latter led to a bump just below the Old Cut. During the rest of the week the Hall chased Balliol I I. A determined effort on the last night brought us within half a length, but we were not quite strong enough at the finish, being a very light crew indeed.

There was an entry of six for the Junior Sculls, which were ·wvn

by T. M. F. Rogers for the second year in succession.

G.T.B.

TRINITY TERM.

Captain-G.

T. BRETT.

Seci·etary- I. M.

SCIORTINO.

Since its inception in 186! it is improbable that the Boat Club has ever been able to look back upon so successful a term. A wonderful spirit of give and take, of keenness and determination, coupled with the excellent coaching of Mr. D. S. · Colman, Fellow of Queen's, produced the fastest VIII the Hall has ever put on, and by general consent one of the three fastest boats on the river during the Eights, 1934. In addition, it was found possible to put on a Second VIII for the first time, and it signalised its arrival by making seven bumps, establishing itself well into the Fourth Division. At last the first boat has safely established itself in the First Division and, going up at the expense of Queen's, St. Catherine's, Pembroke, Keble, Magdalen II, Exeter, and St. John's, now stands tenth on the river.

At the end of the term we were awarded the Pazolt Cup for the most successful Boat Club of the year. We gained 120 points and Corpus came second with 86. The standard of sculling was much higher than previously, and the final between A. M. Urquhart and P. H. Rogers, who won, was actually rowed off before breakfast ! Finally after the end of term, again for the first time in our history, the Hall was represented at Henley Royal Regatta, where all true oarsmen hope to row one day._ The First VIII snarted practice a week before full term on Monday, April 16, and Mr. Colman lost no time in getting us fit.

Long journeys practically every day and long pieces of paddling with Balliol I, whom Mr. Colman was also coaching, quickly dis-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

65

pelled the enervating effects of the vacation, and a new Hall mileage record was set up. Little progress was made, however, in the first fortnight, and it became apparent that a new stroke was wanted.

P . H. Rogers exchanged places with G. T. Brett, and hencefo rth rapid progress was made . Nearly every day we went out with Balliol I, and the stimulus of paddling side by side with them contributed a g reat deal to the pace we were able to obtain, and in the end we were able more than to hold our own.

The bulk of the second crew coaching was left in the hands of L. V{. Kennan, who performed his task 'admirably, and we are very grateful to him , as indeed to I. M. Sciortino and G. S. Keen for assisting with the tubbing.

Eights Week opened in cold and boisterous weather. On the first night the First VIII bumped Queen's on entering the Gut, while the Second VIII ran into B.N.C. III, who had been held up by the two leading boats, which subsequently put every boat in the division out of action ! On Friday we were revenged on St. Catherine's for their bump the previous year, being caught in the Gut, while the second boat ran Jesus III into the bank before they could be persuaded to stop!

On Saturday the First VIII caught Pembroke just coming out of the Gut, while the Second VIII rowed St. John's III down in just over half a minute. On Monday the First VIII entered the First Division at the expense of Keble and Magdalen II, both of whom were bumped without any difficulty well below the Pink Post. The Second VIII caught Oriel III at the Ferry. On Tuesday it was the turn of the Second VIII to make two bumps, which they did a t the expense of Queen's III, who took them up to the O.U.B.C., and Balliol III. The First VIII caught Exeter coming out of the Gut after being very nearly late for the start through stroke breaking a thole pin. On the last night a thrilling struggle was witnessed between Magdalen III and Christ Church III, who had gone up five places, and the Second VIII. Magdalen III pluckily held off repeated spurts hy Christ Church III and allowed the Hall to come up and make their bump half-way up the barges.

At six o'clock the first crew made their quickest bump by catching St. John's at the Weirs Bridge. Thus ended a thrilling and triumphant week. Telegrams and letters poured in. The Principal gave a wonderful dinner in the evening, which was attended by both crews, guests and representatives of the ].C.R., and we should like to thank him not only for that but also for his encouragement and enthusiasm, which together with all the members of the Senior Common Room has meant so much to all of us .

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Finally, we owe our deepest debt of gratitude to our coach, Mr. D. S. Colman, but for whose magnificent and untiring coaching our success could never have been achieved. Mr. Colman has done great things for the Boat Club during the last three years, and we shall always be deeply indebted to him. It is with real regret that Oxford is to lose him ; and we would take this opportunity again of thanking him a nd wishing him a very happy time as he leav_e s to take up his duties at Shrewsbury once more.

At a meeting of Eights Colours after Eights, P. H. Rogers was elected Captain and A. M. Urquhart Secretary.

G.T. B.

1934.

The appearance of the Hall VIII at Henley last summer is an event which deserves to be remembered in many ways, although it was not in any sense a memorable occasion o-n considerations of .oarsmanship alone. The suggestion was first put forward by Mr. HENLEY,

THE FrnST E I GHT AB OUT TO BUMP QUEEN'S I. TllUl!SDA Y, MAY

17TH,

HENLEY REGATTA, 1934. THE HALL RACING lsT TRINITY.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

67

D. S. Colman, who offered to coach us if an VIII could be got together, and who very nobly stood by his offer when an VIII (Schools and the Isis crew making the VIII impossible) was produced for him to coach . But coach and crew alone could not have made Henley possible, and the matter was finally decided by the most generous offer of the Aularian Association to put up a sum which should be regarded as a Henley Fund and should solve the whole financial difficulty at a single right-off-the-stretcher stroke.

It is difficult to give adeq uate thanks to the Association for this prompt and unsolicited assistance: the Boat Club will long remember the generosity which enabled it to take to newer and larger waters, and the members of the crew will look back with delight to their very pleasant fortnight of final training at Marsh Lock with Mr. D. S. Colman to keep them long in the water, and the Principal to send them ' harder back.'

An VIII started work a week after Eights on May 31, and from then until June 25, when training was transferred to Henley, it was a rare thing for the order to remain the same for two successive days. The order was finally decided a week before going to H enley as:Bow. A. M. Urquhart.

2.

G. T. Brett.

3. P. Witherington.

4. S. E. Bradshaw.

5. L. W. Kennan.

6. I. M. Sciortino.

7. G. S. Keen.

Str . P. H. Rogers.

Cox . S. G. Rees.

Spare man: L. T. Podmore.

Training went well except for a bad setback in L. W. Kennan's poisoned hand, which was thought at first to be a day or two's affair, but proved very nasty, and broug ht him out of the boat.

L. T. Podmore took his place at ' 5,' a big d emand to make of a light man. It was much to his credit that the next day the crew rowed a goodish course (7 mins. 7 sees. with a fair following wind) .

It is interesting to note that Trinity First VIII rowed a course on that day in 7 mins. 6 sees.

The chief difficulty was to get the stroke up to forty in the first half-minute and keep it well up over the course without allowing any unsteadiness. The first aim was attained fairly well ; in the race the Hall struck 1of, 21, 41, and were striking 36 a t the mile; but the boat was never really rock-steady, and would have gone a lot faster if it had been.

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We drew Trinity First VIII, Cambridge, in the second round, having escaped the first, and rowed them in the first race on Thursday morning, July 5. They struck rot, 20, 40 and were a third of a length up at the first signal. This put us at a disadvantage, as every time we drew level on a ten they answered on the eighth stroke and drew away again._ After two such tens we countered by giving her 'twenty,' which took us about level at the mile. It was a very exciting finish; but they were just a little cleaner at the recovery and steadier, and thereby gained their margin of ten feet over the last two minutes. The time was 7 mins.

22 sees. in a gusty head-cross wind.

After the race Eights Colours were awarded to L. T. Podmore.

The finish of that race was the end of our rowing under Mr. D. S. Colman, who has coached us to great effect for two years.

We congratulate him on his engagement, and wish him all success at Shrewsbury. May he go on sending boats head of the river there.

The Hall was also represented at Henley by T. M. F . Rogers, who rowed very creditably at ' 5 ' for the Isis crew.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-P. H.

Secretary -A. M. URQUHART. The Coxless IV came up on Friday, October 5, and went out on Saturday in the following order, which remained final:Bow. A. M. Urquhart.

2.

I. M. Sciortino.

3. T . M. F. Rogers.

Str. P. H. Rogers.

ROGERS.

We were coached three days a week by Mr. R. C. Sherriff, of New College and Kingston R.C. The other days we went out alone, and tried to keep going without being shouted at, but found it hard work. We were never very sure of ourselves, but showed odd days of good form which we did not live up to in the race against Exeter, who beat us easily in a slow time in the first round. Mr. R. C. Sherriff took a great deal of trouble with us and came a long way to do it, and we were sorry not to have more to show for his pains.

The Clinker IV started training a fortnight before term in the following order : Bow. L. T. Podmore.

2.

T. E. M. Ashton .

3. 0. T. Brown.

Str. S. E. Bradshaw.

Cox. G. J.P. Merifield.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

69

Under the keen coaching of A. M. Urquhart they showed at once a zest for length and leg-drive which looked promising, thoug h they never really controlled their boat even in the races.

There were only two other boats, Keble and Merton, in for the race owing to the new long-distance event at the end of term for which many Colleges were already in training, but the standard of racing was no lower ; th e final was a harder race in faster time than last year.

In the race against Keble the Hall led from the start and were 3 sees. up at Weirs Bridge. The lead increased steadily to 5 sees. in the Gut and 9 sees. at the 0. U.B.C., and the Hall won by 13 sees. in 8 mins. 16 sees.

The final against Merton proved more exc1tmg. There was a slight following wind and a lot of rain. Rowing from front station the Hall took her off hard and were t sec. up at Weirs Bridge, but Merton drew level again by the Gut. The traditional Hall straighton-the-greener spirit put them up 2 sees., but they lost one of them by a sticky bit at the crossing and had 1 sec. to play with at the O.U.B.C. At this point stroke rallied his crew magnificently, and in a series of really hard ' tens ' took them home 2! sees. up in 7 mins. 40 sees., a very fast time.

Mawdesley Fours were rowed on the same afternoon (Saturday, November 10). 'A' Crew (bow, M. C. English; 2, D. R. Tassel!; 3, A. R. Duncan Jones; stroke, J. C. Stephenson; cox., ]. C. Cain) beat' B' Crew (bow, W. H. Mitchell; 2, ]. D. Carr; 3, G. Worth; stroke, G. A. H . Rainbow; cox., W. S. Mills) by four lengths. ' B ' Crew in practice showed signs of a livelier rate of striking and neater blade-work than ' A,' which would have compensated for their lighter weight. But in the race they got a little flustered and lost more than they need have done. Both crews were fast, and both reached a higher standard than last year.

From the material provided by these fours a Freshers' VIII has been out for the last three weeks of term and will probably be entered as a Second Torpid.

Five Hall men were given a spell in Trial Eights, T. M. F. and P. H. Rogers, W. J. H. Liversidge, I. M. Sciortino and J. P. Burrough; the two latter, rowing at '2' and '4' in 'B' Crew, are to be most heartily congratulated on their Trial Oaps and on their racing.

The feature of the term has been the new long-distance race to be rowed in Clinker boats, open to all non-Trial Eights-men. After a l"ng period of indecision the final order of the Hall boat was : -

70

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Bow. F. L. W . Eade.

z . A. L. Crowe.

3· G. T. Brett.

4. T. E. M. Ashton.

S. W. J. H. Liversidge.

6. S. E. Bradshaw.

7. T. M. F. Rogers.

Str. P. H. Rogers.

Cox. G. J. P. Merifield.

A. M. Urquhart, L. T. Podmore, G. T . Brett and on occasion Mr. D. S. Colman were to be heard from the towpath, but it was found that a good deal could be done without a coach and that the ability to keep a boat going without being goaded on from the towpath could only be acquired under those conditions. The race was first planned for the Godstow reach, a nd the Hall acquired a rack in one of the Medley sheds so that a lot of long paddling could be done every day. Once the upper reaches were explored as far as King 's Lock, but proved somewhat circuitous, though there was one good fourteen-minute stretch.

When the course was changed to the Radley reach, from Sandford to the Black Bridge, the Second VIII took up quarters at Medley and the First VIII moved off downstream the Saturday before the race and rowed a course.

There were twenty ' crews in for the race, and the whole affa ir was beautifully organised and was a splendid achievement on the part of Mr. M. H. Mosley, President of the O.U.B.C. Boats were started at half-minute intervals from Sandford and clocked in at the Black Bridge. The Hall started ninth (in the order of Summer Eights), with Trinity ahead and St. John's astern. We struck thirty-five in the first minute, dropped to thirty-two and up to thirty-four for two tens and three-tens-at-once before Radley, which took us · up to two leng ths behind Trinity. In trying to scuffle past them we lost our rhythm, and their wa sh a nd the strong wind in the unsheltered reach made the next five minutes very uncomfortable, so that we were only beginning to get our nose alongside their rudder as we g ot to Courtenay Island, where no passing is allowed. We had to drop the stroke and keep astern until the finishing straight, but the pause gave us a much-needed rest, and we were able to take the last three minutes hard and well together, which took us just clear of Trinity to finish sixth in 17 mins. 38 ·secs.

The following day the makings of a T orpid were scraped up to bring the boat back, and a fast trip home, accelerated by a hilarious portage at Sandford, finished a very pleasant term' s activities.

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71

Colours have been awarded to 0. T. Brown and G. J. P. Merifield for Clinker Fours and to W. J. H. Liversidge for the longdistance race.

P.H.R. THE CRICKET CLUB . . Captain- H. E. PACKER. Secreta·r y-E. T. HALSTEAD. With a record of four victories against three defeats to the credit of the First XI, and a Second XI which came through the season undefeated, we feel even more justified than usual in saying that the Cricket Club has had a successful season. Of course, there were many drawn matches, but in most of them we were rather robbed of victory than saved from defeat. Nor was our failure to win them due, as so often, to our own sluggish batting, but rather to our Jack of a real match-winning bowling combination, and occasiona lly; be it admitted, to rather erratic fieldin,g .

And yet we had plenty of bowling talent available, though fate usually decreed that all our fast bowlers should be unable to play on one da y, and all our slow bowlers on another; while on occasions we found ourselves with four left-ha nded bowlers only, and again, on others, with no left-ha nders at all. Meanwhile the batting was quite consistently good, a nd the scoring at times even rapid.

The team contained few outstanding individuals, though we were fortunate to have such a reliable pair of opening batsmen as D. G. T. Hicks and A. J. Healey among the Freshmen, and also to have some more experienced and seasoned cricketers from the Training Department. Hicks is to be congratulated on being awarded his Authentic Cap. H e, together with W. A. Nield, R. Byrom and C. W. Boothroyd, bowled well on occasions , and J. H. P . Hall batted consistently well and brightly.

During the Long Vacation M. R. Brown, L. P. Mosdell and A. J. Healey joined the Teddy Bears' team on a week's tour in East Yorkshire . They report that the tour was a success, ' in every way.'

Colours were awarded during the term to C. W. Boothroyd, K. D. Luke, D . G. T. Hicks, J. H. P. Hall, A. J. Healey, and R. Byrom; and E. T. Halstead was elected Captain, and D. G. T. Hicks Secretary for next season.

H.E .P. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. 1934.

Captain-R. J. VAUGHAN. Secretary-T. P . HAMERTON. The draw for the cup has frequently set the Hall some remarkable task to perform, but it is doubtful if our opponents for the HILARY TERM,

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

first round have ever been more redoubtable than .B .N.C., whose might and talent have so consistently brought an end to our progress towards final success. With this in view, the XV came into residence a week before term began to receive training under Mr. D. H. Hicks, to whom we owe many thanks for his encouraging efforts.

It was unfortunate that L. P. Mosdell was injured in a practice game, for although this helped to solve the difficulty of arranging the three-quarters, it deprived the line of much speed and scoring power. Fortunately all other doubtful starters were fit by the day of the Cup-tie. The game was played in the Parks in fine weather, and a large crowd came to support the Hall from the touch-line.

B.N.C. won the toss and elected to play down the slope. From the start the Hall played well and were pressing, but from his own 'twenty-five' A. L. Warr broke away and scored a try which was not converted. Shortly afterwards J. H. P. Hall came very close to dropping a goal, the ball going just on the wrong side of the post. B.N.C. then pressed and in a melee a goal-post was broken, and had to be supported by two spectators for the rest of the game. From a scrum close in Owen scored for B.N .C. and Ronald just cwiverted. At the beginning of the second half the Hall were eight points down, but from this time onwards B.N.C . never looked like scoring. After a fine passing movement, in which eight players handled accurately, Martin ran over for the best try of the game. Till the final whistle the issue was still in doubt, for the forwards were playing splendidly and getting the ball in every scrum, whilst Phillips was held up on the line after a fine run. But the Hall were unfortunate not to score again, and time came with B.N.C. leading by eight points to three.

Throug hout the game every member of the side played well.

There were no weak spots, and perfect training showed itself in the keen play of every member of the side. The Captain of the 0.U.R.F.C . described the game as one of the best he had seen, and this verdict is endorsed by many spectators. It is difficult to single out any player for special mention, for all excelled themselves, but C. C. Reid, in marking and often beating A . L. Warr, played supremely well. The forwards as a pack were well on top of B.N.C. , for which result the early training of Mr. D. H . Hicks was responsible.

When Cup-ties were over, the rest of the term flagged, as is always the case. A game against Balliol proved interesting, the Hall losing in the last minute by 15-10 1 and the game against Wolverhampton was lost by 15 points to 8 after an energetic and enjoyable game.

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73

Colours have been awarded to D. G. T. Hicks, F. Martin and J. L. Pinniger. At a colour meeting T. P. Hamerton was elected Captain for next year and D. G. T. Hicks, Secretary.

R.J.V. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-T. P. HAMERTON. Sec-retary-D. G. T. HICKS. Coming, as these notes do, after the account of the previous Hilary Term and the thrill of Cup-ties, they always seem to provide rather an anticlimax; this term has been no exception, for though the XV have played some excellent matches, the Hall have not been so fortunate as usual. This has been due chiefly to injuries, which at one time were keeping five of the First XV off the field, and to the Greyhounds' matches on the same days.

Colours this term have been awarded to A. J. Healey, who has been playing an excellent game for the Hall at full-back.

The ordinary run of College First XV matches has been relieved from monotony by two excursions, to Bromsgrove and to London.

On the first occasion a rather weak Hall side lost to Bromsgrove School after a very fast game by 21 points to 16. And on the second · a reinforced XV beat the Civil Services First XV on their own ground at Chiswick by 29 points to ro.

In the Second League the Hall began well by beating Oriel 13-6, but lost to New College in the following week g---o. The most exciting game of the term was probably the next one, in which the Hall beat Magdalen 7-6, for until the last minute of the game the score was 3-6, when a dropped goal by Hall put the home side in a winning position! Christ Church, however, on the Tuesday following the Civil Services match, beat a very tired Hall side by 38 points to 8. In the last League match against Keble a depleted side lost by 5 points to 3.

The remaining games resulted in three wins, against Corpus, Wadham and M·a gdalen, and four losses, to Trinity, Pembroke, Christ Church and St. John's.

The Second XV, in spite of a number of cancelled matches, has done on the whole very well, for out of ten games they have won seven and lost three, a fact for which the keenness of the Freshmen and Secon? and Third Year m.e n, not the weakness of opposing sides, has been mainly responsible.

In the First XV the pack has done well, but has not quite come up to its early promise, for constant changes have shown up an unfortunate failure to stop forward rushes, and the quick clashes of opposing wing forwards and halves. At half and three-quarters · again constant changes have made combination difficult and scoring

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weak. But next term when they have played more together they should do well, and will certainly not be easily beaten.

Congratulations to J. H. P. Hall , who has played for Cumberland on one occasion this term .

T.P.H. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1934.

Captain- W. CHARLTON. Secretary- E. E. LOWE. The Association Football this term has been, as is usual in Hilary Term, a matter of Inter-College Cup preparation. Our first round was against Corpus on their ground, and we were rather shocked and very disappointed when we only managed to draw.

However, on the replay we won very comfortably indeed by five goals to one.

In the next round we met Christ Church, and on the form shown over the previous term we should have won, although we expected a hard game in any case. But as is so often the way with these matches, the first ten minutes proved our undoing. Straight from the kick-off Christ Church scored, and although we replied they had a lead of three goals to one before our defence had really warmed to its work. We fought back, but luck was against us and we eventually lost by four goals to two. We must pay tribute, however, to the gallant way in which the members of the team kept going, and a splendid fight was put up to the very end.

This defeat virtually ended our season, one which was not wonderfully successful, but at the same time promised well for the future.

J. Lee, J. C .. E. Hayter and K. Brooksbank were awarded their colours at a meeting of colours. E. E. Lowe was elected Captain and J. Lee, Secretary for the ensuing year. \V.C.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain- E. E. LOWE. Secretary - J. LEE. The Association Football team has enjoyed one of the most successful seasons of recent years. We began the term under the heavy handicap of an almost complete lack of new players. F. R. Mountain is the only Freshman who has played at all regularly for the First XL The remaining v:a cancies have had to be filled by the introduction of second and third year men.

These, however, have responded magnificently, and largely owing to the excellent team spirit and the keenness and enthusiasm of individual players, which have prevailed throughout the term,

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our success has far surpassed the somewhat gloomy expectations which were entertained at the beginning of the season.

After a somewhat shaky start the team settled down to play really good football, at times reaching an almost machine-like quality of accuracy and understanding. Thus, although injuries have deprived us for practically the whole of the term of the services of E. Vv. Slaughter and J.C. E. Hayter, two of last year's colours, we find ourselves near the head of the First Division, only two points behind the leaders.

Among the more gratifying results are a 3--0 victory over Queen's College, last year's Cup winners, and a goal-less draw with Brasenose, this year's winners of the League. On the other side must be mentioned an unfortunate 0--1 loss to Oriel College, when the ball simply would not ' run for us,' which deprived us of the leadership of the League. Perhaps the most satisfying result, however, was our defeat of Alleyn's School. They have a very strong side this year, and have only been beaten three times, their ·other conquerors being the Casuals and the 0. U. Centaurs.

Among individual players the following must be mentioned:K. D. Luke (centre-half) is a much-improved player. He is faster than last year, and by his vice-like grip on opposing centreforwards he has been a great factor in defence.

H. F. Cook and R. 0. Barritt as inside-forwards have been a great asset, the former possessing football ability above the average and the latter a happy knack of scoring goals.

W. E. Alderson deserves special mention for his work as goalkeeper. Before this term he had never occupied that position. That he has g iven away only four goals in eight matches, and only thirteen during the term, is in itself a tribute to his capabilities .

Both full-backs have been consistently good, and by •their excellent covering and strong tackling have contributed largely to the team's success. G. M. Burnett (left-back) has a strong kick with either foot, but must learn to recover more quickly, while J. P. Gutch (right-back), although a greatly improved player, is still sometimes at fault positionally.

K. Brooksbank (right-half) is inclined to play well in spasms, and will probably be more consistent when greater maturity gives him added stamina.

W. G. Fallows, by preference a half-back, has striven heroically and successfully with the position of inside-forward.

W. A. Nield has been an indefatigable worker at outside-right.

He is apt to bring his lacrosse technique on to the football field, but his ability to move at top speed throughout the full ninety

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minutes of a game has exercised a most wearing and demoralising effect upon his opponents.

F. R. Mountain at outside-left has a good centre and a strong right-foot shot, but must lea rn to go harder and to move about the field more.

Colours have been awarded to Alderson, Barritt, Cook, Gutch and Nield.

K. D. Luke has been appointed Captain for the Hilary Term.

E.E.L. THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1934.

Captain -A. D. BROWNE. Secretary- R. F. BURNETT. The Hilary Term always begins with an excess of enthusiasm concerning the certainty of victory until the Cup-ties are actually played, when chance combined with intelligence in the end wins the day-chance because too often the arrows of Apollo strike down the best of us with some loathsome disease, and intelligence because the many that lack it fail to achieve the purpose of their presence on the field. This term was no exception. After playing a stalwart game in the first of the Cup-ties our Secretary contracted, not perhaps a loathsome disease, hut a broken ankle which kept him effectively out of the side ; while, on the mental side, but a few-how few !-could bring their intellects to bear upon the methods of using a stick in relation to a small, hard ball.

Although to a casual observer it seems that a simple-minded soul is all that is required for the game of Hockey, yet it needs, in fact, the highest mental qualities combined with almost diabolical ingenuity. For there are also men who play against us.

We drew Keble in the first round of the Cup-ties. One bleak February day we proceeded half-way to Woodstock to meet our opponents on their ground. It was a heated battle. At half-time we led 1--0, but soon after, owing to a mistake of the backs, the Keble forwards scored and the game was drawn. Twenty minutes extra time made no difference. So once more we had to turn out to play Keble, this time in the Parks. It was a gory game. We twice fought our way past their goalkeeper, and they only once beat our stalwart defence. In spite of the loss of our Captain ten minutes from the end-an opponent took a piece out of his armthe game was won.

The next round was against St. John's. Once more we traced the fateful journey half-way to Woodstock and began to play. For the first time we were playing a full side, save for the Secretary,

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R . F. Burnett, whose ankle kept him out of the game. T. G. C. \Vooc\ford, who had just been awarded his Blue, played at centreha lf, while R. D. Hodgson took the place in the forward lin e which he ha d kept throughout the term. It was an extraordinary match.

At ha lf-time our supporter s could be seen circling in a metaphorical dance of d elig ht, while we on the field encouraged ourselves with th e assurance of victory. Two goals ahead at ha lf-time ! T en minutes laten we were ' two a ll ' : and other five minutes and they had scored again. And although we were pressing constantly, the menta l paralysis tha t usua lly occurs in most forward s' experience g ripped us when in our opponents' circle. It was a sad game , and we could only con sole ourselves by the thought that St. John's went on to play in the fin a l.

R. F. Burnett was elected Captain and R. D. Hodgson S ecn:tary for the season 1934-5. Colours were awarded to R. D . Hodgson, F. Cooke , J. H. Hodson, G. M. Burnett a nd H. E . Packer.

The most regular team was: F . Cooke and/or I. E. N. Besley (goal); G. M. Burnett, A. D. Browne (backs ); P. C. Palmer, T . G. C. Woodford, J. H. Hodson (halv es); R. F. Burnett, R. D. Hodgson, J. B radley, R. J. Vaughan, H. E. Packer (forwards ).

A.D.B. MrcHAELMAS TERM.

Ca ptain- R. F. BURNETT. Secretary- R. D. HODGSON .

Hockey prospects a t the beginning of this term were far from encouraging. Only five of last year's side rem a ined, and there seemed to be little support from the freshmen. Two freshmen, however, played in trials, both goalkeepers -A. T. d e B. Wilmot and M. H. Miles.

Owing to the necessity of experimenting we have been rather disjointed; the defence is adequate, but the stick-work of the forwards is still rather elementary. Consequently in most of the matches this term the ball has been in mid-field most of the time.

One of the chief failings at present is a tendency to get rid of the ball at all costs, without making sure that it goes to one of our own side. There has, however, been a marked improvement during the latter part of the term.

Wilmot has been invaluable in goal: when he brings himself to kick harder he will be really g ood. J. H. Hodson, J. H . S. J en kin s , R. G. Pusey and R. F. Burnett have all played at back, the two lastnamed proving the best combination. Carmichael, Boothroyd a nd Besley form an efficient half-back line , useful both in a ttack a nd defence. Besley has quickly adapted himself to playing outside

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goal; when he has somewhat improved his stick-work he will be an excellent half.

The forwards have presented rather a problem. Rumsey, Bigley, Whitlow, Hodgson, Frankcom, Rawes and Packer have all been tried in the various places. They can all shoot hard and pass well, but lack the opportunism that is essential in goal-scoring. Hodgson, moved from centre-half, has strengthened the line a good deal; Frankcom has improved greatly. They and the rest are all hard workers and have improved out of all knowledge during the last few weeks. We have drawn Trinity in the first round of Cup-ties.

R.F. B. Results.-We beat Wadham, 2---0; St. Catherines, 9"-4; Hertford, 3-2; New College, 4-3. Drew with Cheltenham, 2-2; Christ Church, 3-3; Queen's, 2-2. Lost to Oriel, l-4; Keble, r--0; Exeter, .1 -2; Pembroke, r-2; 0. U. Occasionals, l-4.

THE ATHLETIC CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1934.

President - L. P. MosDELL. Secretary - .H. G. EDw ARDS. The first event of this term was the Inter-College Sports, in which the Hall team did extremely well to finish second to J esu~ in the Second Division and thus qualify for promotion to the First Division. R. A. Cruse won the 880 Yards, J. K. Jarvie the Mile, H. G. Edwards the three Miles. L. P. Mosdell and M. Y. FfrenchWilliams ran well in the Sprints, and C. J. Hayes gained valuable points in the High Hurdles. In the field events the Hall scored quite well by the efforts of J. N. Shaw in the Pole Vault, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams in the Weight, and S. H. Rumsey in the High Jump.

In the Universities Athletic Union Cross-Country Championship C. J. Mabey (Capt.) and H. G. Edwards represented the Hall in the Oxford Centipedes team. Mabey, together with B. P. K. Watts (St. Peter's Hall) and L. A. Powell (St. Catherine's), established a record for the difficult Swansea course. Mabey and Powell also reduced the record for the home course by 4 seconds.

M. Y. Ffrench-Williams, R. A. Cruse and J . K. Jarvie are to be congratulated on being awarded Centipedes.

TRINITY TERM. Secretary- H. G. EDWARDS. President - L. P. MosDELL. The Hall Sports were the main event of the term, and were again a success despite the fact that many of the entrants did not present themselves at the starting line. Results : -

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100 Yards. - 1st, L. P. Mosdell (scratch); 2nd M. Y. FfrenchWilliams (2 yds.). ' 220 Yards. - 1st, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams (2 yds.); 2Ild, L. P. Mosdell (scratch).

440 Yards.-1st, ]. C. C . Shapland; 2nd,]. E. Frame (5yds.).

880 Yards. - 1st, J. K. Jarvie (scr.); 2nd, T. A. Littleton (35 yds.).

Afile.-1 st, 0. ]. Matthews (120yds.); 2nd, R. A. Cruse (scratch).

Hl eight. -1 st, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams (scratch); 2nd C. C. Reid (1 ft . 6 ins.).

High Jump.-1st, S. H. Rumsey (2 ins.); 2nd, W . A. Nield (2 ins.).

Long ]ump.-1st, T. A. Littleton (4ft.); 2nd, S. H. Rumsey (1 ft.). ]. K. Jarvie, R. A. Cruse and J. E. Frame performed creditably on several occasions for the Centipedes Club, and H. G. Edwards represented the University in the Three Miles against the A.A.A. of Great Britain.

Congratulations are due to ] . E. Frame on winning the 440 Yards County Championship of Berkshire, a worthy successor to the 1933 winner, L. P. Mosdell, the President.

At a Colours' meeting H. G. Edwards was elected President and J. K. Jarvie Secretary for the next season.

Colours were awarded to M. Y. Ffrench-Williams, T. A. Littleton, J. K. Jarvie, R. A. Cruse and J. N. Shaw.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- H. G. EDWARDS. Secretary- R. A. CRUSE. At a Colours' meeting R. A. Cruse was elected Secret~ry for the season.

In the Seniors' Sports, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams won the \Neight, the 220 Yards Hurdles, and was 2nd in the 440 Yards. R. A. Cruse was second in the Mile and the 880 Yards. There were unfortunately no entrants from the Hall for the Freshmen's Sports.

The Cross-Country team performed miserably in the InterCollege Race and was placed 8th. H. G. Edwards was 3rd and R. A. Cruse 15th.

In the Inter-College Relays, thanks to the help of the Captains of Soccer and Rugger, the Hall was just able to start full teams in each event. The Sprint Medley team (R. A. Cruse, M. Y. FfrenchWilliams, E. F. A. Suttle and F. Martin) won after an exciting race with Lincoln.

M. Y. Ffrench-Williams (440 Yards and 220 Yards Hurdles), R. A. Cruse (880 Yards and Mile) and H. G. Edwards (Mile) were given Relay trials, and M. Y. Ffrench-Williams was chosen to compete against Cambridge in the Mile Relay.

Congratulations are due to ] . E. Frame on being awarded his colours.

H.G.E.

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THE LAWN TENNIS CLUB.

Captain -

M. R.

BROWN.

Secretary- I. E. N.

BESLEY.

In common with their kind, the records of the Hall Tennis Club have been in the past a mere variation on an unpleasantly familiar theme, namely, the number of matches that have been lost. Last year was significant, therefore, in two respects : the fact that both Sixes won more matches than they lost, and, secondly (if I may be forgiven for putting such a matter second), the acquisition of seven new grass courts in the University Parks, together with a newly-constructed pavilion of our own. For these we are unceasingly grateful to all concerned, in particular, of course, to the Principal and the Senior Treasurer.

For the benefit of statisticians last year's figur~s may be quoted: First VI: Played 14 matches, won 12.

Second VI: Played 7 matches, won 6.

This is a record which seemed to raise the standard - and indeed the hopes-of the Tennis Club to a perhaps unjustified height, for our annual fixture with Balliol in the first round of the Cup-ties we could only win one event. There may be no good explanation of this unfortunate catastrophe, but there is at least a slight excuseas follows. The only thing now lacking to the Tennis Club ' equipment' is a hard tennis court, or the use of one, just as the only thing really lacking to its members is consistent winter practice.

But perhaps, after having been treated so richly last year, the time is not quite appropriate to make a fresh appeal. This I leave to my successor, E. F. Foxton, elected Secretary last term.

I.E.N.B. THE SWIMMING CLUB.

Captain-M. Y.

FFRENCH-WILLIAMS.

The Water Polo team continued its improvement through the Hilary Term, and the Hall's final position in the League was third in the First Division.

Early in the Trinity Term we met defeat in the second round of the Water Polo Cup-ties against St. John 's . This was well atoned for by the victory, for the first time in the history of the event, of the Hall team in the final of the Inter-College Relays against Queen's, the winners for the previous three years. The members of the team were W. Wallace, M. J. Mortimer, J. N. Shaw and M. Y. Ffrench-Williams.

The Matthews Cup race was held in the river over a course of rather more than a quarter of a mile, in good weather, and the

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entry of fourteen was somewhat larger than usual.

FfrenchWilliams and Wallace were 1st and 2nd respectively, with a footballer, J. C. E. Hayter, a very good third. Only one competitor failed to finish.

M.Y.FF-W. During the Michaelmas Term we have been handicapped by an unhappy coincidence between the dates and times of the Water Polo matches and those of the Rugby and Association matches, which has too often robbed us of the valuable services of T. P . .Hamerton and K. D . Luke.

M.Y.FF-\V. THE CHESS CLUB Secretary-K. D. LUKE. During the past academic year chess in the Hall attained an ·unprecedented popularity, and many enthusiasts were to be observed daily in the J.C. R. So keen was the spirit shown that the -Club was able to indulge in inter-college fixtures for the first time for many years. Two good matches of six boards were played with Jesus College, one of which was won and the other lost. The Open Tournament was closely contested and was won by C. C. Reid.

M. Y. Ffrench-Williams is the Secretary for the academic year 1934-35, and all applications for Club chessmen should be made to him.

K . D.L.

JOSEPH AVERY {En. : W e are indebted to P·r ofessor S . E. Morison, of Harvard University, for this article. Professo:r Morison was ·r esident in Oxford as Harmswo·r th Professor of American Histo·ry from 1922 to r925. He is author of 'The Maritime History of J\llassachusetts, 1783 - 1860 '; 'The Foimders of the Bay Colony,' and 'The Oxford H istory of United States, 17831917.']

T

HE name of an early graduate of the Hall is preserved in a rocky ledge on the coast of Massachusetts, and in a poem of Whittier, ' The S_w an Song of Parson Avery.'

Joseph Avery came of a Berkshire family, allied to that of Robert Parker, the _eminent Puritan divine. He matriculated in the University from Queen's College as pleb . fil., aet. 15, in April, 1615, but subsequently emig·rated across the Lane . Changing Colleges was quite common in the seventeenth century. Avery took both his deg rees from St. Edmund H a ll, his M.A. in 1621. Not long after he became Vica r of Romsey, Hants.; then we lose sight -of him for a few years .

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20

I

.,

I

I

,,'

~

CHART OF BOSTON BAY. From A New Edition Much Enlarged of the Second Part of the North AmencarL Pilot for New England, by Robert Laurie a nd J ames \Vhittle, 1800.

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In 1634, Avery, with his wife and six children, emigrated to New England. On the same ship was his cousin Anthony Thacher (brother of Peter Thacher, B.A., Queen's, 16o8), with whom as a young man he had formed ' a league of perpetual friendship,' promising ' to be partakers of each other's misery or welfare, as also of habitation, in the same place.' Whither the Avery family went, the Thachers must go; and vice versa. Probably the impulse to migrate came from Avery, for Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts describes him as 'a precious, holy minister,' which means that he was a Puritan; and the Laudian persecution was at its height in 1635.

Shortly after landing at Boston in the Massachusetts Bay, Avery received a call to minister to the fishing village of Marblehead. The roystering, blasphemous fishermen there had such a bad reputation that our 'precious, holy minister' declined the call.

With Thacher he settled in Newbury, where the local church was officered by their kinsmen, Thomas Parker and Joseph Noyes, both Oxonians.

The two friends had not been very long at Newbury before Avery was persuaded that it was his duty to bring the light of the Gospel to the godless fishermen of Marblehead ; when he so decided the Thachers, by virtue of the compact, must accompany him. On an August day in 1635, the two families set S'ail from Ipswich in an open pinnace. There were eleven Averys, including children and servants, nine Thachers, one more passenger, and some livestock.

The passage to Marblehead, a matter of only thirty-five miles, is commonly made nowadays by small racing yachts without the slightest trouble. But this ship's company had the bad luck to set forth on the evening of one of the worst summer tempests 1 that ever struck the New England coast-one that blew down hundreds of trees, overthrew houses, and 'drave great ships from their anchors . ' First the wind blew hard from the south-west and split all the sails, as the pinnace was just off Cape Ann. The rest of the course lying to windward, the mariners decided to anchor until daylight. At midnight the wind whipped around to the northeast, the anchor came home, and the pinnace dragged and drifted on to a small, barren rock, where it lodged fast, the rapidly-rising seas breaking over her and tearing everything loose. All the children were swept off and drowned. Mrs. Thacher happened to be on the scuttle or quarter-deck when that part of the ship broke away, and safely floated her ashore. Avery and Thacher, expect1 Governor Winthrop so calls it in his Journal for 1635 (1908 ed . , i, 155). The Shaksperia n ' tempest' is still used for 'storm ' by the people on the New England coast.

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ing any moment to be washed away, said farewell to one another, and Avery prayed aloud: ' We know not what the Pleasure of God is ; I fear we have been too unmindful of former Deliverances: Lord, I cannot challenge a Promise of the Preservation of my Life; but thou hast promised to deliver us from Sin and Condemnation, and to bring us safe to Heaven, through the All-sufficient Satisfaction of Jesus Christ ; this therefore I do challenge of thee .' ' Reader,' comments Cotton Mather, ' never forget the memorable Swan-Song, which Avery . . . scarce eight Seconds of a Minute, before his Expiration, sa·n g in the Ears of Heaven.' 2 No sooner was this said than a wave swept Avery off the rock, and he was seen no more. Another wave took the rest of the Thachers. Only the father managed to grasp a piece of wreckage, with which he drifted ashore to an island, where he found his wife. 3 By great g ood fortune, a knapsack containing flint, steel, and a powder horn was cast ashore, together with two cheeses and a drowned goat ; and there was a spring on the island, so the Thachers were able to subsist through the tempest, until a passing ship rescued them. Anthony and his wife survived to found a famous New England family of divines and lawyers. But the entire Avery family was wiped out. And as practically all their property was on board the pinnace, there was nothing left of their estate but a sow and pigs, and ten bushels of corn. 4 Anthony named the island of his deliverance 'Thacher's Island ' and the rock where the ship struck 'Avery his Fall.' Thacher's is still so called to-day , but Avery's last foothold on earth is now ·called 'The Londoner,' presumably after a vessel wrecked there in the last century. Eighty years ago, Whittier heard the story told by local fishermen, and worked it into his ' Swan Song of Parson Avery.' By that time the name of the rock had become 'Avery's Woe,' and through some confusion, owing doubtless to ·oral tradition, had been applied to a ledge off the nearby Straitsmouth Island, at the beginning of the Rockport breakwater.

So 'Avery's Ledge' is a permanent memorial to this brave alumnus of St. Edmund Hall.

S. E. MORISON. 2 Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi America11a (1702), book iii, p. 77. Mather e rroneously calls him J ohn Avery. a Tha cher's na rrative of the shipwreck is printed in Increase Mather's Remarkable Providences in New England (1856), pp. 1-10, a nd Alex. Young, Chronicles of Mass. Bay (1846), pp. 485--95· 4 Reco·rds of the Gov . and Co. of I.he Mass. Bay, i, 154. · The na me is there correctly given ' as J oseph, which enables m e to identify him as a graduate of the H a ll.

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MY COOLIE GOES MAD

W

HEN I went to Corea in 1929, I spent the first year a11d a half in language study. Then owing to shortage of staff I was g iven charge of a mission district, in spite of the fact that my knowledge of Corean was hardly adequate to the task. As the nearest white man was thirty miles away, I certainly had plenty of practice in speaking the lang uage . I lived beside my church in Paikchun. In addition to the congregation there I was responsible for t en others in villages from four to twenty miles distant. In three of these there are small village cha pels, but in the others we hold services in a farmhouse. Following the usual custom of the mission with regard to visiting a nd services, I spend a night in each of the villages about once a month, but am a lways in Paikchun at the week-ends to m ain tain the regular Sunday services. In a predominantly non-Christia n country Sunday is the same as any other day, and so our services are arranged to meet that situation: Solemn Evensong and a sermon on Saturday night and Matins followed by a Sung Eucharist soon after dawn on Sunday morning .

Once a month I do a round of visits. My luggage porter and mission-woman usually set off on foot in the morning , and my cathechist and I follow on cycles in the afternoon. We call at the Christian houses as soon as we arrive, and then after dark have evensong, sermon a nd instruction for catech umens . Early next morning, after Matins a nd Holy Communion, I have breakfast, pack up and go on to the next village. The ba d roads, extremes of heat and cold, mosquitoes , fli es, vermin and dirt with which one learns to contend add variety to these rounds, but that is another story.

For the first two years I employed as luggage coolie, a Paikchun man whose name was Cho Marie He was a faithful member of the church of some years' standing, clean, honest and literate.

His wife is also a Christian but rather slack; the son and daughter are not baptised. I always knew that Mark was a little odd. About two years ago I set off to visit three of my villages. On the first two days, although he managed to do his usual jobs for me (getting my meals ready and packing my kit, etc.), I thought he seemed somewhat strange a nd very voluble. On th e third day he seemed to lose control and at nig ht he not only did not sleep, but kept everyone in the churchwarden's house awake all night. He talked loudly and wildly and created a general disturbance. I heard nothing of all this, as I was sleeping in a room attached to the chapel, but I was soon told about it in the morning . He seemed

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to have lost all powers of concentration and control. My kettle was not boiling by the time the morning services were finished, as he kept putting it on and taking it off the fire. His speech was loud and rapid and after breakfast he was quite incapable of packing my food box. It was with some misgivings that I packed up and saw him depart with all my kit.

He did, however, eventually arrive safely at my house. For some days he suffered 'from insomnia, kept his family awake all night and behaved in a thoroughly irrational manner. I am afraid that his wife was no help to him in his trouble. She and the neighbours were frightened of him and said he went to bed with a knife and threatened to cut their throats and flew into rages.

There are no mental hospitals in Corea and so the insane must be cared for by their families. If they become dangerous they are usually put in chains or stocks and kept in a back room. I heard from the bishop of one raving lunatic who was chained naked in a room for nearly twenty years. Mark's family decided to put him in stocks. Naturally I did not like the idea, but it was the family's responsibility. I rather thought that putting a reputedly dangerous madman into stocks would be a somewhat exciting job. But they were very clever. Everything was prepared in a house nearby.

Then choosing a moment when Mark was sitting smoking in a little courtyard in front of his house, a friend strolled in, apparently for a chat. Another passed by a few minutes later, was hailed and called in for a smoke. Yet another appeared after a decent interval. Then a carpenter strolled by with two ·large beams on his sh~ulder and was called to join the party. He came in and deposited his beams in the yard. They talked for a while of this and that, and then one of them asked the carpenter what the beams were for and why they had those curious large holes cut in them.

The carpenter replied that he did not know but had made them like that to order. They inspected the beams and made speculations as to their purpose without coming to any conclusion. Then one of the party innocently said that he thought those holes would just about fit his legs. This suggestion was greeted with laughter and he offered to prove his point. I think they had a bet on it. He tried, and, behold, the beams fitted snuggly round his ankles. He even said it was very comfortable. He got out and another said he would like to try if the beams fitted his ankles. Mark was the third to volunteer, but when his legs were safely held, a bolt was quickly dropped in and screwed home. He was then removed to a kind of store-room where he remained for some months until a little room was built for him in the garden.

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He got quieter and much better aft er some time, a nd was released, but he was not cured . I did what I could for him. H e attended the daily services in t he church, a nd he was, I a m sure, making a real effort. After a few months' freedom, however, he felt he was again losing control, and himself asked to be put back in the stocks. They replaced him in them, and he was still in them when I left Corea to com e on leave. As I was out for a walk a few days before I sailed, I hea rd him half a mile away yelling and singing and banging a brass bowl. Yet when I came to his hut and opened the door, he quietened down at once. I went in and talked and prayed with him. His conversation was certainly not quite rational, but it was not in sane. With proper treatment, both medical and spiritua l, I wo uld have great hopes for his recovery.

But there are no mental hospitals in Corea , and so I wonder how long he is doomed to remain in those stocks.

L. O ' S. BEERE.

THE MISSING DODWELL PAPERS J L

AST year I recorded in th e Nfogazine the acquisition of a collection of letters, note-books, and papers that had formerly belonged to H enry Dodwell, the Non-juring scholar, whose memory is associated w ith the Hall by hi s close fri endship with Francis Cherry and Thomas H ea rn e. This collection was purchased from Mr. Clement G. H. Chapman, Dodwell's great-great-g reat-grandson. In the acco unt whi ch I gave of this collection, I remarked tha t on an examination of it I had found that it formed only part of the collection that had been preserved by Dodwell 's widow after his dea th in 171 l, as it a ppeared that a n important portion had passed out of th e ha nd s of Dodwell's descendants in 1856, when nearly two hundred of the letters had been sent by a member of the family to Messrs. Puttick a nd Simpson for sale by auction . Another m ember of the family, on learning of their disposal, endeavoured to retrieve the letters but was unable to discover the name of the collector into whose hands they had passed. By a curious coincidence this mi ssing portion of the Dodwell correspondence has now found its way into the safe keeping of the Bodleian Library (MS. Engl. Letters, c. 28-9). It was purchased this year at Sotheby's for the Bodleian , being Lot 150 in the collection of books and MSS. belong ing to the late Re'.,,r . Walter Sneyd, of Keele Hall, Staffordshire, which came up for sale on April 23-25.

The collection contain s letters to Henry Dodwell from more than thirty scholars a nd eminent churchmen. There are forty-four

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letters from Bishop Lloyd, who was one of the Seven Bishops.

These cover the years 1676 to 1700. There are thirty-two letters from St. George Ashe, the friend of Swift, covering the years 1678 to l7o6, during which time Ashe was successively Provost of Trinity, Bishop of Cloyne, and Bishop of Clogher. There are eighteen letters from Dr. John Fell, Bishop of Oxford; twelve from Dr. Anthony Dopping, successively Bishop of Kildare and Meath; and ten from Dr. William King, Archbishop of Dublin. The letters from these five correspondents constitute about half the collection.

Among the remaining letters there are five of Aularian interest : two from Dr. John Mill, Principal from 1685 to 1707, and four from Thomas Hearne. The first of Dr. Mill's letters (f. 18) was written in April, 1688, to urge Dodwell to accept the Camden Professorship of Ancient History to which the University of Oxford had elected him - a most unusual tribute of recognition on the part of the University, seeing that Dodwell was not an Oxford man. The letter runs as follows : -

Srn, Upon the death of Dr Lamphyre lately deceas'd the History Lecture founded by Mr Cambden, whereof he was a Professor, is become vacant. Your friends of Oxford, in their earnest desires to serve the Interests of Learning and Religion, have with great alacrity fix'd their Thoughts upon you, as his Successor. And accordingly have this morning elected you into the Place. The Thing is at present 7 score pounds a year, and in a little time will be much more. But the Emolument is the Thing· the least considered by us. Our Eyes are fix'd upon higher Considerations.

The Election is actually past and over .. And 'tis the importunate Request of Mr Vice-Chancellr, my Lord of St Asaph, and the main body of the University, that you will not deny us the favour of accepting what is tender'd you by so great a Body. I doubt not but you will judge it, as it really is, a Divine Call. Consider what infinit good you may do among us; and I beseech you comply with the Divine providence in this particular. · I am earnest with you; & must be so: because what I now write is ye sense of all good men in this University: whose respect and favour if you should refuse, we shall all of us be mortified to that degree, that we must not expect to hold up our heads in this place. Pray, consider well of this matter ; and I doubt not but you will find obligations more than I am willing to mention, to come back to Oxford with the Bearer; whom I have semt down purposely to wait upon you hitherward. Good Sir, accept: I say no more. Mr Dean of Worcester is now ·with mee; and gives his service.

I am ever Your most affectionate Jo: MILL. In Dodwell's hand on the back: Dr Mills the day of my being chosen Camden Profess. Apr. 2. 88.

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The second letter from Dr. Mill (f. 2 I) was written in the fateful August following the Revolution. August 1 had been fixed as the last elate on which the clergy might take the new oaths of allegiance and supremacy. Dr. Mill in this letter gives his reason for complying. But Dodwell was not to be convinced. He steadfastly refused to break the oath of allegiance which he had sworn to James II. H e was, therefore, obliged to relinquish the Camden Professorship, and joined himself to the ranks of the Non-Jurors ; finding at Shottesbrooke a peaceful and scholarly haven under the aegis of the Non-juring squire, Francis Cherry, somet_ime Gentleman Commoner of St. Edmund Hall. Dr. Mill writes as follows:Oxon Aug. 4. 89. i\tlv

WORTHY FRIEND,

I receiv'd yours last night. Your Dedication, Preface, & Contents are all finish'cl. I wish we had what you design to add at ye end: for 'tis high time the book were publish'd.-I do not know, whether I might mention 2 Passages of Irenaeus in Greek. The one printed by Al exander Morinus out of a MS in ye Medicean Library; the other a Framt de Sta.tu medici out of Baroc: MS 91. fo. I 50.b.

As to ye Oaths, I have been so far fro fickle, that I have all along persisted peremptoryly in the Opinion wherein you left me; till I went up to London to consult ye Lawyers : as I thought I had all ye reason to do before I could finally determin my self in ye matter. For ye Oath being impos'd by ye Law of the Land; the Law it self I concluded (and so does every body else here and every where yt I can meet with) was to be ye Interpreter of our Allegce. And the Lawyers are un [an] imous for Allegce to ye Pree in Possession. I urg'd the notion you mention as to ye Stat. of Hen. 7. They tell me, yt that Clause of allegce to ye King in being relates to ye Subjects universally ; and is moreover nothing else but a declaration of what was ever more ye Law of Engl<l. So yt I think there can remain nothing for an honest man to de more yn to acquiesce in what is ye Law; and to fetch the Laws, not from our selves & others who understand ym not, but fro those yt profess them -As to what you call principles, if we advance any in opposition to ye Law, which is ye onely rule in ye Case before us, we must be content to forget ym, and understa nd our obligations to our Prince, not according to our Preconception, but according to ye rule of ye Nation we live in : And if we do so, we shall be far from being ill men, or bad Xtians. I am sure were I not satisfy'd from as able hands as are in England, yt allegce were to ye present Aut [h ]ority, neither ye Consideration of my Engagemts in ye prest, nor any other whatsoever, should induce to take ye Oath.

Your trunk is remov' d to yr old Landlords : Chairs, bedding and other things I am not willing to dispose of hastily. When I see you, we will take our measures about these things. In the interim I am ever Your &c.

JM

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On the back : These For Mr H enry Dodwell, at Mr Benjamin Tooke's house near Stationers' Hall London.

The first two of the four letters from Thomas Hearne have a special interest, as they were written before 1705, the year in which the earliest of Hea rne's diaries, as published by the Oxford Historical Society, begins. All four are chiefly concerned with scholarly topics touching matters upon which either Dodwell or Hearne was researching. In the first of these letters (ff. 58-59v) Hearne suits his language to his subject and writes in Latin. The letter mainly consists of observations on the chronology of the life of the younger Pliny, an edition of whose letters Hearne was preparing; but at the end Hearne gives Dodwell a few pieces of news. Hearne was at the time a Bachelor of Arts, residing in the Hall. He tells Dodwell that the Warden of All Souls (the Hon. Dr. Leopold W. Finch) had died the day before. He sends greetings from Dr .

Hudson, Bodley's Librarian, to Dodwell and to Francis Cherry, patron•urn meum aeternum laudandum., and adds greetings on his own behalf. ' His Reverend tutor,' he says, ' has not yet returned from London: it is now the third week since he went there.' 1· He then goes on to tell of the regrettable errancies of a relative of Francis Cherry who was in residence at the Hall : ' That young relative of my very good patron last week made a journey to Bristol with two young men even more dissolute than himself. He made out to our Principal that he was going to Uxbridge (ad Uxinum Pontem apud Trinobantes) to see his mother, which untruth I deplored as soon as I was told of it. It grieves me very much that a young man who knows better .a nd who is numbered among my patron's near relations should not only spend his time idly, but should join himself to fellows who spending the whole day drinking can easily lead him into every sort of mischief.' In a postscript he acknowledges the receipt of a letter from Dodwell which had just reached him.

The next letter (ff. 65-66v), which is in English, begins:Oxon Sept 10 1703

'

MOST WORTHY

SIR,

In a Baroccian MSt (num. 18) I find a Catalogue of the Constantinopolitan Emperors trom Constantine the Great to Alexius Comnenus, in whose time CP was ·taken by the Romans. 'Tis 1 The R ev. Thomas Milles was Vice-Principal a t thi s time.

H e was subseque<ltly R egiu> Professor of Greek, and Bishop of Waterford and Lismore.

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written ii;i a very bad hand and almost worn out, but I have got a Copy of 1t, and have made a Latin Translation, with a Desig n to print it at the end of Eutropius.2 It differs from the other published Catalogues, & therefore I have put the variations of them at , the Bottom, together with Variations which are in Cromwell's MS. (num. 19) whereof you have a Copy; from which and another at the end of Codinus I have continued it to the Taking of CP by the Turks. The Beginning I very much suspect as corrupted and therefore I desire your Judgment about it together with your translation. 'Tis thus:Hearne then gives the difficult passage a nd his own translation, and follows with another difficult passage upon which he asks Dodwell for his opinion. The letter then proceeds : In the same MSt is a Catalogue of the Constantinopolitan Bps fuller than that in Scaliger or Lewinclavius which I have also transcribed & translated, & put the Variations of those other printed Catalogues as also of that (which has Nicephorus Callistus's name to it) in the Baroccian MS. from which Dr. Hody published his list of unlawfully deprived Bps &c. 3 This I shall perhaps, if Dr. Hudson think fit, print also, together with a supplement of Josephus or Cajus's (or rather Hippolytus's as Le Moyne proved) sermon about Hades. 4 'Tis perfect [here the seal on the letter obliterates a word] a MS our's & if not quickly published may be lost, the MSt being in that part almost eaten up wth worms, _being Paper. I desire to have an Answer within a day or two, because the Composer will want work. I suppose you might be otherwise employee\ when Mr. Cherry reed my Letter, & so could not answer wt I desired concerning my Question about Agrippina. At least my Hond Patron might be concerned about his Mother's Funeral, & so might not trouble himself about so trivial a matter. 'Tis now to late, Eutropius being just printed off. But pray Sr condole my Patron upon his Loss in my Behalf, who am, in all hast Your most humble & obliged servant THO HEARNE

Mr Cherry is desired to give himself the trouble of answering the foresd Particulars if Mr Dodwell be not at home.

Dr Hudson's Service to you & Mr Cherry. If you do not come quickly to Oxon you must contrive some way to let him have more Copys . I have sent you Mr. Hoadly's tra [rest of word obliterated by seal].

The occasion of the third letter (ff. 76-77v) is to furnish Dodwell with a transcript which he required. The letter runs as follows : WORTHY SIR,

I am very glad you have finished your Book, the Title whereof Hearne's edition of Eutropius appeared before the end of the year.

The reference is to Dr. Humphrey Hody's The Unreasonableness of a Separation from the New Bishops, &c., published in 169i.

4 Hearne included the 'Fragmentum Josephi, sive Caii, vel potius Hippolyti' in A Collection of Curious Discourses, which he published in 1720.

2

3

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I understand is to be The Natural Mortality of the Soul. 5 I hope 'twill now speedily come out, and make Dr Coward, Mr. Layton &c. recant. Much about the time you were last in Oxon I transcrib'd the Preface to that Book of Vettius Valens, which you mention, and bound it up with other Papers (it being my custom always to do so for fear of being lost) from whence I shall take that Passage wch relates to your present Purpose. 'Tis as follows:Hearne then gives the passages .and makes some remarks upon it and then proceeds : Sir Thomas Bodley has not yet reed your Case in View. He continually expects it, yt he may oblige his Guests with it. I hope you will remind the Bookseller, when you have an opportunity.

I return you many Thanks for the Copy you Design me.

I have gone thro' with your Tables to Dionysius, & fitted the Chronology to my Livy. The Chief Book I want now for ye Text is the Edition of the first part of ye 33d Book of Horrion. The BP of Norwich 6 (tho' upon a former Request he seem'd shy of Lending his Books, notwthstanding I offer'd to get one to give Security for their safe Return) yet now lately he has sent a kind Letter, offering me the use of any Book in his Study yt I shall have occasion for. I hope to meet wth Horrion there, otherwise I must despair of procuring it. I shall not have much need of any thing else from him, unless it be the 3d Impression of Sigonius's Ed. (wch I am told he has), having, upon his being so shy, easily procur'd three very good old Editions, whereof one is the very first of all, at Berne, from my Excellt Friend Mr. Halley, 7 our Geometry Professor, who got them of the Royal Society, where they were Reposited, wth a whole Collection of other most Curious Books, hardly to be met wth, by my Ld Arundel, 8 whose Curiosity led him to purchase not only Ancient Marbles, but such Editions of Books (wth MSS too) as he thought were most valuable, & not easily to be procur'd.

There is in the Press now at Cambridge, Mr. Whiston's Essay, or an Exposition of the Revelations. The BP of Worcester 9 is an Assistant. Sr Isaac Newton's Algebra. Dr Bentley's Horace, not to be finish'd till Christmas come twelve month. Much joy .of your Girl, & of the Recovery of your \.Vife. Wch is all at prest only I am Sir your most oblig'd humble sert Oxon. Nov. 26. 1705.

THo. HEARNE Since the Writing this Letter, I have reed a Letter from a Country Clergy-man, wherein is this Passage - I have one more request to make, wch is this, viz : ' That since Mr Dodwell founds the schism upon the non-Compliance of our invalidly depriv'd 5 This book was published in 1706 under the title An Epistolary Discourse concerning the Soul's Immortality. Dr. Coward in Seaond Thoughts concerning Human Soul, published in 1702, had denied the separate existence of the soul.

Henry Layton published between 1692 and 1704 a series of pamphlets denying the immortality of the soul. s Bishop William Lloyd, the non-juror.

1 Edmund Halley, the astronomer. s Thomas, 2nd Earl of Arundel (1586-1646), who formed the first large collection of works of art in England.

9 Bishop William Lloyd.

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Fathers, and not upon the Principle of the Churche's Dependency upon the State : (for he says the Cause of Schism will be remov'd upon their Death, or Resignation) I desire to know whether their non-Complyance makes us all guilty of Schism. If it does Union is a very precarious thing; since it depends upon their conformity to the G~vernment. Pray satisfy me in this matter.' I intend to answer his Letter, and because I would give him better satisfaction, shall intreat a line or two from your pen first. I am the rather willing to gratify him, because in a letter he writ to me about a fortnight since, he told me he was then reading your Case in View, & lik'd your Arguing very well.

In the last of these four letters (ff. 86-Sf'v) Hearne writes to Dodwell on certain questions to do with helmets used in classical times, a subject which particularly interested DOOwell. The letter runs as follows : HONOURED SIR Nothing can be more welcome to me than your Letters, which are always fraught with very learned and curious Observations, which serve very much to assist and direct me in my several Studies. I should have been glad if your leisure would have suffer'd you to have observ'd more about the Cassides and Galeae of the Antients. But this I neither can nor ought to expect from you who know how to lay out your time to much better Advantage to the Publick.

Hearne then makes some observations of the subject of Cassides and Galeae, and passes on to discuss a passage in Antoninus's Itinerary which was giving him difficulty. He then concludes his letter with greetings and news : My humble service to Mr. Cherry and Mr. Brokesby; but you do not tell me whether Mr. Brokesby be still at Shottesbrook. Dr. Hudson is married to the only Daughter of Sir Robert Harrison of this City, a young Woman of about 24 years of age. He has publish'd Dionysius by it self without any other Notes than Eustathius's Scholia, nor is there any Index or any thing else with it, except four Mapps; but he reserves other Copies for his II Id Vo! of Geographers, and 'tis there that the Additions will come with your Dissertation. But for my part, especially in these hard times, I wish your Dissertation could be got by it self.

On the 18th of last month died Mr. Proast, Archdeacon of Berks, of a dead Palsy, and ·was buried on Wednesday Night following in Magdalen Parish Church in this City. He is succeeded in the archdeaconry by Dr. West, a Lambeth Dr. of Divinity'.

I am, Sir, Your most oblig'd humble servt Oxon May 7th 1710.

THO: HEAHNE. A.B.E.

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CHRISTMAS Here is humility and here The divine vanquishing of fear ; H ere in the lowliest place on earth The consecration of all birth ; H ere, in the cattle-crowded manger, While H erod's swords are bright with danger, Is joy eternal- here, a t rest, Pillowed upon hi~ mother's breast.

KENNETH MUIR.

IMPRESSIONS OF GERMANY October, 1934.

FEW months ago I heard a well-known British journalist in Germa ny say to another member of h is profession, 'Don't you agree that one of our chief tasks nowadays is to cover up our own ignorance? ' His companion shared the opinion. The speaker is one of the most reliable and capable British correspondents on the Continent. The German situation lends itself to dramatic g eneralisation, but it is in reality exceedingly complicated and subtle. In spite of Hitler's establishment of a centralized and uniform political system, the geographical, religious and historical contrasts between the different parts of the country make it impossible for one man to judge accurately at any time the attitude of each class in every province. Any journalistic estimate of German public opinion is bound to be very incomplete. In particular, the articles in the popular press by writers with two or three weeks' experience of Nazi Germany usually give an entirely misleading impression. Yet, owing to the key-position of the country in Europe, the superficial treatment of its condition and its problems greatly accentuates the dangers of the international situation.

It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the virulent self-righteousness with which many English newspapers criticize the National Socialist reg ime has as bad an influence upon British opinion in one respect a s has the brilliant propaganda of Dr. Goebbels upon the attitud~ of his countrymen.

Since December, 1932, apart from three short intervals in England, I have lived continuously in Germany. I have attended only one political meeting, and on two occasions only have I gone out of my way to see a politician a t a d emonstration. Since the censorship was imposed, I have rarely read the German newspapers. When

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work is regularly interrupted at midday by a military band, when singing contingents disturb the peace in the small hours of Sunday morning, and processions frequently make one late for appointments, little incentive remains to seek out disturbances. But it is already sufficiently clear that I .have no right to attempt to summarize the situation in Germany. I shall merely try to reproduce the impressions on a few aspects of it which I have gained in the course of conversations with German friends and passing acquaintances, on whom I have chiefly relied in trying to understand the nature of the revolution that has taken place.

All the symptoms of the 'damnable inferiority complex ' which Vernon Bartlett recognized in Germany last year are still to be observed now; but the strong nationalist reaction cannot be satisfactorily explained by attributing it to that form of psychological abnormality. The country is suffering from a deep sense of injured pride. The character of the German people, their history during the last two hundred years, and the course of events since the Great War continue to make the healing of the injury difficult.

The Germans are probably the most intellectual and industrious folk in the world ; they form the largest nation in Europe, and their record through the ages, together with that of the English and the Dutch, has demonstrated the superior qualities of the race to which they belong. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that some of them are not willing to agree that the conflict which ended in the military, political and social collapse of their country was ' the war to end war . ' For two centuries before 1914 the main interest in German history had centred in the successful attempt of the Kingdom of Prussia to build up a strong German state from the remains of the medieval Empire. The chief enemies in the struggle were political particularism and the cultural internationalism which caused Lessing and Goethe to take more pride in their world citizenship than in their membership of a potential German nation. The heroes of it were Frederic the Great and Bismarck, each of whom occupies a place in the affections of the average German, and an area of his wall-space, to the equivalent of which no historical figure could Jay claim in England. Throughout the whole process, in spite of temporary set-backs and periods of faithlessness and despair, the national self-consciousness and pride of Germany gradually developed, until it reached its highest point at the beginning of this centurv. After the Great War the strength of the revival of internation~lism was indicated by the six million German communists.

It is little wonder that the pendulum has swung back far in the

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other direction. Cosmopolitanism and the idea of world-unity have been the villains of the piece in German national history. While the League of Nations has proved a stimulating ideal to the youth of England, to many historically-minded young Germans it has always had the most unfortunate associations.

Finally, the record of the League and the conduct of the Allied Powers in certain vital issues have greatly increased the difficulty of the post-war situation. The Co~enant was issued as part of a humiliating peace-treaty. The influence of France has generally outweighed that of Germany on the Council-and it cannot be too strongly emphasized that the Franco-German feud is the key to the foreign policy of both countries. Above all, the prospect that German's inferiority of status would b e perpetual owing to the failure of the Disarmament Conference provided the leaders of nationalist reaction in that country with their strongest argument.

The fatalistic cynicism of the inhabitants of a state with land frontiers on all four sides was not to be satisfied with assurances that justice would be done to them on the establishment of Utopia.

It is often stated that Hitler has the youth of Germany on his side. To some extent this is true. A healthy feeling of patriotism is latent in the youth of most countries, and it is natural that this feeling should manifest itself clearly in a nation which, in the questions of war-guilt and equality of status, ·feels itself to be at bay. I do not wish to imply that Nazi fervour is a form of healthy patriotism: it is the great tragedy of the German situation that a neurotic dictatorship has learnt how to utilize, and thus debase, some of the finest instincts of the people. But there is· another r eason for the success of the appeal to youth. German boys and girls have little outlet for their energy and loyalty except in a ·political organization. Sport plays a very secondary part in the school curric ulum, a nd the usual gymnastics and physical training g·ive them none of the opportunities for leadership and controlled adventure provided by English games. However, I have too much faith in the good sense and taste of young Germans to be entirely pessimistic about their future. Family influence will often counteract that of the Leaders of Youth; and the unimaginative repetition of slogans and songs can only have orie effect eventually. A great proportion of students at the University of Berlin are already highly ·critical of the present regime, and professors who have the courage to express independent opinions are often vigorously applauded.

Shortly before the clean-up of 3oth June a student at an academic gathering told me, without paying any attention to a uniformed Nazi close by, that there was not a single National Socialist left

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in the University. This rash statement was afterwards modified by the admission that there was in reality one. The group of students in my neighbourhood then began to discuss the sincerity and motives of the exception mentioned. No doubt statistics could be quoted which would give an entirely different impression. But then all the younger students have to join one of the Nazi political organizations, if they wish to be allowed to continue their studies.

I have only come across one who has refused to do so : he is a theological student who is going cheerfully abroad to study under great difficulties, with no prospect of returning to a post in his own country while the present order lasts. Martyrs of this kind, whose heroism consists in saying an irrevocable word, are much more impressive to meet than to read about.

In England there is not room for much difference of opinion with regard to the Jewish persecution. But, even in this connection, there are several points which are not commonly appreciated.

A great majority of the German people was not in favour of the ruthless and inhuman way in which the campaign was carried out.

I have not spoken to a single German who has approved it without qualification. A member of the highly-favoured S .S. who was engaged in responsible work for General Goring told me that he considered the whole anti-Semitic movement a farce and continues to share lodgings with a Jew, who is his best friend. There is little doubt, p.lso, that before the Revolution a number of Jews abused the preponderant position of their race in the German medical and legal professions. A hospital-director would sometimes give all the posts on his staff to other Jews, and there were so many Jewish judges and lawyers that it was considered by many people unwise to employ a Christian advocate. Finally, the Germans are by inclination more cosmopolitan and more tolerant of foreigners than the English, and their very magnanimity led them to accept a state of affairs which we should never have allowed to grow up. Social exclusiveness and snobbery has prevented the Jews in England from developing into a problem. Able Jews who have shown respect for our traditions are admitted to the highest offices and may become favourites of society; but it can hardly be denied that the Jew in England has special difficulties to overcome. I can remember the slight experienced in Oxford by a distinguished Jewish graduate a few years ago, and what happened then has taken place elsewhere in this country.

The National Socialist revolution has given rise in some measure to a recrudescence in England of the feeling against Germany associated with the Great War. In so far as the accompany-

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ing accentuation of our national consciousness helps us to realize the value of our heritage of liberty and toleration, it is all to the good. The strength of national feeling has been foolishly under:.. estimated in the post-war years, and I believe myself that a sound internationalism will only be built up on a basis of respect for existing loyalties. But towards the majority of the German people we should feel rather sympathy than hate, now that the challenge of Imperial Germany to the world has failed and the country is diplomatically isolated.

To say that sixty per cent. of Germans are opposed to the existing regime would, I think, be a conservative estimate. The remarkable thing about the last plebiscite was that, in the circumstances, over four million people had the courage to vote against the Government. All the Germans; I know, who told me how they had polled, had voted unwillingly for Hitler, and they possessed, on the whole, more than the average courage. One was an artist, who hung scurrilous caricatures of the National Socialist leaders on his walls during the most aggressive stage of the revolution; another, a citizen of Soviet Russia, aged twenty, who was fetched to the polling-booth by a uniformed Nazi, in spite of his poor qualifications as a voter. Both of them had .to fill in their papers under the eyes of attendant officials.

I have never experienced the tragedy in human life so deeply as I did during the week following the clean-up of 3oth June, while speaking to one of my best German friends. He is an ex-officer and a member of the old Prussian nobility ; a most modest, courteous and charming man, who entirely belies the idea I. used to have of the typical Prussian officer. Like others of his class, he had deplored the moral decadence and the political tendencies of the post-war years and had tried to make himself believe that Germany had at last in Hitler a leader who combined a sense for the best national traditions with an understanding of modern social ideals.

After the 3oth June he was finally disillusioned, and the full realization of the state of his country left him almost without a shadow of hope and with the national pride which had meant so much to him completely shattered.

Hitler's proclaimed policy is to shoot his political opponents if they become dangerous. His government can therefore only be overthrown by men who are prepared to die, and economic distress alone will produce a party of desperadoes. This explains why more than one German of the heroic bree9 has recently said to me: 'We will willingly starve.'

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There are apparent inconsistencies in the above remarks which I have made no attempt to solve. To have done so would have involved a much more detailed treatment of the subject, for which this is no place. Germany to-day is a medley of contradictions and conflicting emotions. The more we realize the complexity of the situation, the more chance there is that we shall sympathize with the embarrassment of so many of the best Germans, and the less likely we shall be to become estranged from a great people, whose tragic destiny is the result not of any moral inferiority to other nations, but of the accident of geographical situation and of the grandeur of its past.

C.R.H.

REVIEWS Under this heading there are noticed or reviewed recently published books or articles that possess a special A ularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents. We shall be glad to have such boo·ks and articles brought to our notice.

BISHOPS AND REFORM, 1215-1272. By Marion Gibbs and Jane Lang. 8vo, pp. viii + 216. Oxford University Press, 1934.

12S.

6d.

The studies of the English episco'pate during the reign of Henry III contained in this volume are the product of two theses.

It has been the concern of Miss Gibbs first fo discover the credentials of the bishops, what was their previous experience and training, whether in monasteries, schools, cathedrals or at the Court of the King, and then to try and ascertain the reasons for their selection, how far they 'were freely elected by the secular and monastic Chapters, and how far Pope, Legate, King or magnate influenced their choice.' Miss Lang has directed her attention to the L~teran Council of 1215 and its great programme of reform and noted the manner in which the bishops addressed themselves to the task set them by Innocent III. Here we must confine our remarks chiefly to Miss Gibbs's contribution, for it is the chapters for which she is responsible that make this book so important for a proper understanding of the archiepiscopate of St. Edmund of Abingdo~. In her examination of the personnel of the episcopate during the reign of Henry III she has attempted a classification of seventy-eight bishops with a view to 'separating curiales from magistri, and these from religious and seculars.' Summarily stated, her classification admits of the following statistics. Eight only of Henry's bishops were monks; forty-two

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are gathered into a group of ' administrators and magnates,' of whom twenty-two were curiales of the normal type, who had been employed in one or other department of the Curia Regis; and of whom fourteen seem to have· been magist·ri who had spent some time in the ~chools of Paris or Oxford. A third group consists of forty magistri of whom thirty are noted as men 'whose academic experience seems to have been a factor in promotion or a real influence in their lives.'

About half of these, it is pointed out, were scholars of some eminence; twenty-three had had subsequent experience of diocesan work as members of cathedral bodies. A fourth group is composed of diocesan and cathedral clergy, of whom it seems there were only half-a-dozen who had neither been magistri nor curiales.

During previous reigns the bishops had been drawn in varying degrees from monsteries, cathedrals, and the king's court, but in the reign of J-lenry III the schools began to make their influence felt for the first time in the composition of the episcopate. Perhaps the most valuable part of Miss Gibbs's contribution lies in her discovery of the importance of this advent of the magistri..

The first magister to be promoted to an English see was Stephen Langton, whom Innocent III had obliged the unwilling John to accept as Archbishop of Canterbury. Langton had won academic fame in the schools of Paris. The next was Richard le Poore, appointed to Chichester in 1215, a former pupil of Langton at Paris, who after his translation to Salisbury withdrew Edmund of Abingdon from the schools of Oxford to be Treasurer of his Cathedral. In the ensuing twenty years seven more magistri were advanced to the episcopate ; one of them is known to have taught at Paris, who after his translation to Salisbury withdrew Edmund others graduated remain undiscovered. With the appointment of Edmund of Abingdon to the archbishopric of Canterbury in 1234 the young University of Oxford wins a new prominence. Master Edmund had studied and taught in Paris, but he had also studied and taught in Oxford. For the first time a son of Oxford had been called upon to occupy the chief ~ee in England : it may even have been the first time that one had been called upon to occupy any of the English sees. ' Henceforward,' write Miss Gibbs, 'there was a steady promotion of Oxford men : Grosseteste, who, with Edmund of Abingdon, had been the teacher most responsible for the early fame of the Oxford schools, and his younger colleagues or pupils: Ralph Maidstone, Richard Wych, Sewal of Bovillsuccessive Chancellors; Roger \Veseham, Reader to the Franciscans; Nicolas Farnham, the famous physician. And it is at least not improbable, considering the rising fame of the Oxford schools,

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that other magistri bishops had been there. Cantilupe, for example, because of his friendship with Grosseteste and Adam Marsh, John Gervais, the friend of Richard Wych and Sewal d e Bovill, John Clipping and Stephen Berksted of the Chichester circle, Richard Gravesend and Henry Sandwich of the Lincoln group. Oxford, in short, was the common intellectual home of some of the most distinguished of the bishops of Henry III.' Miss Gibbs summarizes skilfully the career of each of these Oxford bishops. H er account of St. Edmund of Abingdon may fittingly be given at length: 'Almost every circle of society remembered him for his simply holy life, for amazing austerities, a gentle charm of manner, and great eloquence of speech. Memories of his childhood and teaching days still lingered at Oxford : of how as a grammar-school boy of twelve or thirteen he wandered alone in the fields about Oxford and found the child Jesus walking by his side~ · or how, with childish symbolism, he married himself to the Church by slipping a ring round the finger of an image of the Virgin.

Later, when he was a Master, it was remembered that he built himself an oratory with the proceeds. of his lecture fees, and per-. suaded pupils who lived with him to accompany him to daily Mass. His persuasiveness in lecturing and teaching was enthusiastically recalled :' m en were inspired by hi:m to go on crusades, to become monks, to study theology. Roger Bacon honoured him as the Master" qui primus legit Oxonie librum Elencorum." And his work at Salisbury Cathedral was equally well thought of, for when he departed from the canons to become archbishop it was not only his personality which was remembered, but twelve years' capable work as treasurer during which he spent his substance in bountiful provision of lights and other necessities for the cathedral services. As archbishop he showed himself not only an ascetic and mystic, a great preacher and theologian, but a litigious energetic prelate. At St. Albans he was loved as a bishop who lived in the tradition of St. Thomas, and at court he was regarded with corresponding irritation because of his successful action against Poitevin influence in 1234, and subsequent opposition to the papal legate, Otto, who usurped his influence both in Church and State.

The monks of Canterbury remembered him most unpleasantly of all as the archbishop who had actually laid the foundation of a rival chapter of secular canons and was involved in continual and expensive litigation, both with them and the neighbouring convent of Rochester. His lack of success as archbishop would seem to have been due to the strength of the opposition, to the difficulty

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and variety of the problems which harassed him, perhaps to mistakes in tactics, but scarcely to incompetence or lack of experience.'

The careers of Richard Wych, Bishop of Chichester, and Sewal of Bovill, Archbishop of York, well illustrate the influence which St. Edmund exerted. Miss Gibbs is mindful of this. In her account of St. Richard, she writes: 'The Dominican biographer of St . .Richard, Brother Ralph, dated· from his friendship with St. Edmund a complete change in Richard's way of life, a gradual progress thenceforward towards the ,merits of sanctity. And certainly, of Richard Wych's youth, nothing seems to have been testified in the process of his canonization except that he was a young man of good family and much ability, who preferred his life and prospects at Oxford to the opportunity of a successful marriage and the control of his father's estates, and who in spite of his youth was elected chan<::ellor of the Oxford schools. Yet, after the death of St. Edmund, Richard, instead of returning to Oxford, where he had met with so much success, went to a Dominican house at Orleans to study theology, built an oratory to St. Edmund, became a priest, and took vows to enter the Dominican Order. ' After completing her review of St. Richard's episcopate, Miss Gibbs turns to Sewal de Bovill : ' Another contemporary of St. Richard's was Sewal de Bovill, Archbishop of York in succession to Walter Gray. Nearly all that is known of this bishop comes from Matthew Paris, who reverenced him as "auditor, discipulus. et conscholaris " of St. Edmund, whose future greatness and martyrdom Matthew Paris says St. Edmund prophesied. He was a canonist, Chancellor of Oxford, and one of the confidants of Adam Marsh, who wrote of the high hopes everyone entertained of his ability to lead and defend the Church in its persecutions. Such leadership is the particular theme of Matthew Paris, who, in enthusiastic passages, writes of his struggles pro justitia. He saw in his indignant protest to the Pope against the intrusion of a foreigner into the deanery of York, an heroic emulation of Grosseteste, and in his consequent troubles at York a remarkable repetition of St. :E:dmund's trials.'

In attempting to answer the question what was the value of the contribution of the scholar-bishops as compared with that of monks and curiales, Miss Gibbs concludes that 'the contribution of the magistri to the life of their time was more original and substantial and many-sided than that of the other groups ; their influence was more penetrating ; and certainly their memories more deep-rooted in the sympathies of ordinary people.' · A. B. E.

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THE Lo1m's PRAYER: A COURSE OF SERMO'.'<S PREACHED IN \ iVINCHESTER CATHEDRAL. By the Rev . Leonard Hodgson, D.D., Canon of \ iVinchester. Svo, pp. 73. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 3s. 6d.

These six sermons of a, former Vice-Principal of the Hall may convince anyone who needs convincing that it is possible for a preacher to reach the highest effectiveness without overstating his case, and for a scholar exercised in dispassionate judgment both to apply it to the problems of life and to retain it undisturbed a longside of simplicity and vigour in presentation. The author's only purpose is to state plainly what he sees when he looks at fact with t.h e reasonable eyes of faith-that is, with his own-and the breadth of his factual basis is as evident as the candour of his view. As the Lord's Prayer is an epitome of the religion of Christ, so Dr. Hodgson makes his treatment of it a summary of the Christian attitude to reality as it is, both within us and without. It is not therefore in the narrowe·r sense a treatise on the practice of prayer, except in so far as the first principle of that science is to see straight. Dr. Hodgson has published his sermons for the benefit (first no doubt of the reader, but then) of a fund that his Cathedral authorities have found it necessary to raise.

A .M.F. THE PURITANS A:>;D Music r:-< ENGLA:\D A.'m NEw ENGLAND. By Percy A. Scholes. Svo, pp. 428. Oxford University Press, 1934. 2IS. The creed of ' Pure Music' enters so much into the musical thought of our times that it is refreshing to find a critic bold enough to consider music, for the .purpose of this book, as a branch of social history. Such co-operations between different arts and studies, we feel, are too few ; and Dr. Scholes has triumphantly used historical research to correct the errors of musical criticism.

He has obviously enjoyed his task. His book is a fine piece of scholarship in its orderly concentration of a mass of miscellaneous facts; yet it can be read with unfailing delight, for Dr. Scholes has, in his own words, approached his subject ' in a spirit of detective adventure.' He apologises for the predominance in this book of the personal element, but the reader accustomed to criticism in which the author strives to efface himself with some such title as 'the present writer' will find it most welcome. Dr. Scholes's method is exhaustive, but not, as he suggests, exhausting ; and the volume is as much a reprimand of the ignorance and dishonesty of many

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who undertake historical and social research, as a work of musical enquiry.

He tells us considerably more about Puritanism than about music. His information with regard to the English Puritans is not so new as his account of Puritanism in the New English colonies.

At the outset, he says, we must recognize the fact that American music rests upon the cultural foundations of these colonies. The world assumes too readily that all Puritans are kill-joys in spirit.

But the idea that they hated all music has already been exploded

by Henry Davey and Oscar Sonneck (to whom this book is dedicated), and Dr. Scholes demolishes all traces of such an idea in a final holocaust. We know that the Puritans tolerated churchmusic; but Dr. Scholes's object is to show that they not only tolerated secular music as well, but even encouraged it. It is surprising how universal misconception is on this point. By extensive quotation, ranging from the Encyclopaedia Britannica to Better Homes and Ga·r dens, from Dr. Burney to Mr. Baldwin, it is shown that one idea prevails with regard to Puritan music : that no one was allowed to ' play on any instrument of music, except the drum, trumpet, and jew's-harp,' an injunction alleged to have been made one of the famous Blue Laws of Connecticut. American musical historians have worn this old regulation almost threadbare, and Dr. Scholes makes nearly as much of it in his opposite task of 'debunking.' Then comes his sensational discovery : the genuine Blue Laws do not even mention music ! In fact, the only pleasure they do forbid is the playing of shove-ha'penny in public-houses !

The second great fallacy to be exploded is the belief that no musical instruments existed in New England before 1700. Of course they existed ; but unfortu~ately we have so little record of them. For that matter, there is little record of English music of this time. But the obscurity surrounding English and New English music at this time was certainly not due to the Puritans. 'Wealth, culture, and leisure were necessary conditions in those days for the production of fine music, and New England had none of these.' As for England, music simply became a domestic instead of a public pursuit during the Puritan regime.

Examples of the Puritans' toleration and support of secular music abound. That the Pilgrim Fathers, Milton and Bunyan were all musicians is well known. It is significant, too, that the Puritan regime produced the pioneer of English music-publishing, Playford, ~ho printed a wide selection of music, including such frivolities as jiggs, rounds, catches and country-dances. As Chancellor of Oxford University, Cromwell allowed a fervent Royalist, Dr.

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John Wilson, to be made Professor of Music at Oxford. But most astounding of all is the fact that, in 1657, the Puritan Government appointed a ' Committee for the Advancement of Musicke ' ! And Dr. Scholes crowns this by pointing out the cleverness of Davenant in taking advantage of the Puritans' love of music when he reopened the theatres with Opera.

We are convinced long before we have finished the book that Dr. Scholes is entirely right. Not content, however, with vindicating the Puritan attitude to music, he proceeds to show that the Puritans were on the whole very normal citizens with an unusually clear scale of values. Yet if the Puritans were not cranks, were not fanatics, we cannot help asking, how are we to explain away such measures as the alleged destruction of cathedral organs? Dr. Scholes's answer is, 'Not that they loved Art less, but Religion more' : elaborate church-music in particula r, and music in general, became evil when (in Bernard Shaw's phrase) they tended towards ' a systematic idolatry of sensuousness.' The whole point is thus summarized : ' the Puritans looked upon music as one of the good gifts of God·, and upon the Devil as astute enough to steal it occasionally and turn it to his own ends.' Yet it is here that so many respected musical authorities have erred; and Dr. Scholes mercilessly exposes them all.

A. JENKINS .

THE WILDERNESS Ai'<D SELECTED SHORT POEMS. By F. Buchanan.

Oxford University Press, 1934· 3s. 6d.

This modest book of verse is another token of the increasing literary activity of old Aularians, and we offer our congratulations to its author.

The outlook of the poems, expressed most clearly in The Wilderness, is that of many observers of the present day. There is a feeling of dislike for the £utilitarianism of the past-war ye.a rs, and, arising from it, a general self-questioning in an endeavour to escape from it.

'Who can wisdom possess, and deliverance from bonds of uncertainty? ' There is the usual courteous respect paid to the astrophysicists who seem to have ousted the astrologers of former days, and the inevitable but praiseworthy social-conscience which the evils of the economic system have engendered in all present-day poets. The major problem, however, is the want of a unifying experience. ' But objects in their individual beauty create, not harmony, but ~trife- . , division and death, not unity and life.

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The only certainty is that 'all things will, in death, have consummation.'

The author ' s conclusion is a realisation that the individual judgement must be the final word, even if the judgement is one of surrender or of agnosticism. From the pessimism with which The (Wilderness ends, the poet must escape if he is to progress. We shall view that escape with interest.

After careful reading, one is struck by the rather erratic progress of the imagery which Mr. Buchanan employs. His best effects are in a minor key, for example : ' floral incense breaking from spired buds.'

This, like every first book of verse, is in many respects t entative ; but Mr. Buchanan has felt his experience directly, not at second-hand. And with longer meditation on the problems, he will be increasingly ablei to state them in a medium over which he has undeniable command, but in which he has not yet enough confidence.

J.L.N.O'L. Two ELIZABETHA:!ll" PURITAN DIARIES. By Richard Rogers and Samue.i Ward. Edited with an Introduction by M. M. Knappen, M.A., Ph.D. ·svo, pp. xiii+ 148. The American Society of Church History : Studies in Church History, Vol. II. Dr. Knappen has made accessible the interesting diaries of two Puritans from the Eastern . Counties of England whose writings cover the period from the Spanish Armada to the Civil War, though the diaries themselves are confined to the reign of Elizabeth. Together they throw light on the working of the minds of the parish pastor and the University fellow and tutor of that period.

Though both writers are in some respects unusual men, the diaries are typical, and in parts-as with most diaries-commonplace.

Richard Rogers, a cousin of the better known John Rogers of Dedham, was bred at Chelmsford, passf'Ai through the University of Cambridge, and for the greater part of his ministry is aptly described as ' Preacher of the Word of God at Wethersfield in Essex.'

There are probably few parts of the Eastern Counties which to-day have so little changed in appearance since the beginning of seventeenth century as the group of hamlets, Bardfield, Finchingfield and W ethersfield, happily remote from the railway and motor road development of the last hundred years. Church, inn, manor, farmhouse, cottages, lanes and occasional trees are the same ; and

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the present field system with hedgerows may have just begun before Rogers' death.

The mind of the diarist is that of a minister completely devoted to his calling---divinity student first, pastor for the remainder of the day. But his peace of mind is continually ruffled by temptations common to man, and he is from time to time acutely conscious of the relations of Church and State and of party divisions within the confines of the Church. He is hardly to be blamed for being so disturbed when he was, as in Whitgift's persecution, in daily danger of being suspended.

Samuel Ward, academically far more distinguished-Master of Sidney Sussex College, Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, Archdeacon of Taunton, Chaplain to King James I, Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity , and representative of the Church of England at the Synod of Dort-appears nevertheless in his diary to be · the weaker character. But the diary dates entirely from the early yt:ars of his residence in Cambridge University.

We are grateful to Dr. Knappen for his valuable introduction with its careful analysis of the Puritan way of self-discipline. He emphasises the presence of joy and sweetness in the otherwise rigid asceticism, in criticism of the too sweeping generalisations of Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch. This introduction is followed by a useful biographical sketch of both Rogers and Ward.

J.S.B. THE NETTLE AND THE FLOWER AN;D OTHER POEMS. By Kenneth Muir. 4to, pp. 76. Oxford University Press, 1933.

Mr. Muir's volume is obviously experimental; there are several influences noticeable, which have not yet been satisfactorily assimilated. This is not to say that Mr. Muir is an unoriginal poet; for there is a definite individuality about many of these poems which promises something new and worth hearing in modern poetry.

There is expressed throughout the book the ideology of a man who is pestered by questionings as to the how and why of existence, and who receives only an answer suggesting utter futility and insignificance: ' Rolled round upon this little earth that spins about a failing sun, we men, of microscopic worth, in futile pain are brought to birth and bear our woe or take our fun ' ; . who has nevertheless found enjoyment and some sort of peace in the sensations of the moment, in his realisation of his own individuality:

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'And while the stars through space and time roll on, I only know that they are fair to see ; they will still journey after I am gone year after year, - but what is that to me? ' In the second section of the book there is the realisation of the almost impossibility of individual happiness in the midst of a confused, decaying society : ' Turning my thoughts at Christmastide to this effete system running down, rusting, distintegrating into chaos,' But ' I refuse to abandon hope.'

And his way out of present chaos is a kind of confused regeneration of the individual.

As Mr. Muir has not yet found a satisfactory system of values as background to his poetry, so the poetry itself, in technique and imagery, is experimental. The most successful part of the book, and the most individual, is the first section. These five poems give us a hard, brilliant effect ; we are often startled by unusuaJ phrasing and seldom held up by triteness. The third poem is completely satisfactory, and is the best in the book. Here is a quotation to give some idea of the poetic style: 'He has his father's brow, they say, his mother's mouth and eyes, but all his lovely mould of clay he wears so royally to-day is but a myriad legacies from forbears passed away.'

Incidentally, Mr. Muir is technically accomplished, and is in this respect in advance of a good many poets of larger reputation.

Here is a particularly skilful example : ' The Public School tradition to perdition leading : "Thingsnot-done" are strings to strangle.

The angle of the hat, and all that snobbery of silly discipline of what is right makes sin.'

In this poem the internal rhymes are very effectively managed.

The second section, ' Letters and poems,' is not so successful.

It is more didactic, and the didacticism is somewhat confused.

There is less grip on imagery and metaphor, and occasional lapses into the false hearty romanticism that is so prevalent nowadays, as here: ' you are the banners floating on the breeze before the bright legions who march splendidly into the dawn of to-morrow.'

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There are definite traces of unassimilated Auden : ' Sing, shout and cheer! Salvation is near!

Mussolini is shot! Roosevelt's on the spot!'

Nevertheless there are good things here, especially the ninth poem, and here we have a very effective 'modern ' metaphor which might so easily have been disastrous : ' Who will prevent the days from trailing on bowl~r-hatted down an endless city street, meaningless and mechanical, playing out time?'

Fifteen and sixteen, too, though in a somewhat derivative vein, are good reading. The last poem in the book is an invocation to a rather vague spirit, which tends to become pedestrian.

This may seem a rather niggardly notice of Mr. Muir's poems; I have tried to show that it is a notable volume by treating it seriously.

R. ABERCROMBIE. BLACK MONASTERY. By Aladar Kuncz. Translated from the Hungarian by Ralph Murray. Chatto & vVindus, 1934· IOS. 6d.

Our first concern is to congratulate the translator on a piece of work ably and successfully carried out. The English version reads well, and what discreet adaptation has been done has added to the unity and cumulative effect of the book.

The story, mainly autobiographical, deals with the life of a young Hungarian in civil internment in France during the Great War, especially the time spent in Noirmoutier, or Black Monastery, on the west coast of France. The book is not sensational, though there was ample opportunity for the lyric pen to run riot, and the effect is immeasurably enhanced by the author's restraint. The sufferings of the men, the mental strain under which the less wellbalanced gave way, and the general sordidness of the prison are all faithfully portrayed. The major significance of the book, however, does not lie in the breakdown of the moral resistance of the men confined in such unnatural conditions, nor in the oppression more stupid than cruel to which the prisoners were subjected, but in the extraordinary detachment and gentleness of the author in his account. As a result, his mild surprise at the brutality of the Treaty of Versailles is more disturbing than the fierce diatribes of a more vigorous utterance.

There are many striking incidents -for example, the occasion on which the old Hungarian eventually goes mad, and the equally remarkable account of the ravages of the influenza epidemic which overtook the prisoners in 1918- but there is no relaxation of the interest of the story during the whole time.

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This. is not a book for children, nor is it a suitable alternative to Wodehouse, but, nevertheless, it is a remarkably interesting book, very finely written.

J.L.N.O'L. THE ARMAMENTS RACKET. By the Rev. P. E. T. Widdrington.

Morehouse Publishing Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

This vigorous little pamphlet was written by Fr. Widdrington for American readers at the request of the editor of The Living Church. It brings home the challenge which the private manufacture and sale of armaments offers to the consciences of all Christian people.

A.B.E. ALFRED DE MussET ~T LA RF:voLUTION DE JuILLET. By H. J. Hunt.

Contributed to Mercure de France, Tome 251, Avril, 1934.

It is generally agreed that Musset's Lorenzaccio, with all its faults, is the finest dramatic creation of French romanticism. But Dr. Hunt in his examination of the play shows how deeply it is dyed with Musset's political philosophy. The story of the assassination of Alessandro de Medici, Duke of Fl0rence, by his cousin Lorenzo in 1537 is used by Musset as a means for expressing his own pessimistic reflections upon current events. For the genesis of the ideas which underlie the drama of Lorenzaccio there is, in Dr. Runt's opinion, no need to look further than the France of 1834. 'Musset presque seul,' he concludes, 'clairvoyant dans son cynicisme, en redisant a ses contemporains, sous la forme d'une tragedie historique, la decevante experience par laquelle ils venaient de passer, prevoit et predit la deM.cle, plus grande encore, des annees 1848-1852.'

A.B.E. THE FAMILY OF JOHN OLDHAM. By Sybil Rosenfeld. Contributed to Notes and Queries, clxiv (Feb. 18, 1933), I I 2-3.

THE FAMILY OF JoHN OLDHAM. By Harold Brooks. Contributed to Notes ancl Queries, clxvii (July 14, 1934), 30-1.

THE FAMILY OF JoHN OLDHAM THE POET. By Harold Brooks, M.A., B.Litt. Contributed to Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Sept., i934.

On the authority of Anthony Wood it has been assumed by all who have written about John Oldham that he was the son of John Oldham, a nonconformist minister, and the grandson of John Oldham, sometime Rector of Nuneaton near Tetbury in Gloucestershire, and that he was born at Shipton, where his father was minister at the time. Miss Rosenfeld has discovered Wood to be

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in error, and shows the poet's father and not his grandfather to have been Rector of Newenton, or LongNewnton, three miles from Tetbury, and his grandfather and not his father to have been Rector of Shipton Moyne.

Mr. Brooks adds important particulars to those which Miss Rosenfeld gives. The grandfather, who was born about 1594, was a ' poor scholar ' of AJI Souls. It is not known at what date he became Rector of Shipton Moyne , but it seems likely that he was Rector at the time of his marriage to Hester Seabourne in November, 1620. He died in 1657. The poet's father, who was his fifth child, was baptised on January 24, 1629. It is not known where he was educated. He married Anne Adams in 1652, and John, the poet, was born on August 9 in the foJlowing year. Neither Miss Rosenfeld nor Mr . .Brooks has been able to discover for certain when the poet's father beca me Rector of Newnton. He was certainly Rector in 1659, and it seems not unlikely that he was appointed in 1656. He died in 1716, out-living his son by thirty years. Mr. Brooks shows that the date generaJly given for the poet's death, 9 December, 1683, must be incorrect, as the entry in the register of Holme Pierrepoint gives the date of his burial as 7 December.

Mr. Brooks has compiled a fuJI genealogy of the poet's family, beginning 'with his grandfather. The head of the family to-day is Mr. WiJliam Iles HiJlier, of King's Cople, Hereford, in whose possession is an oil portrait of the poet, probably the original from which Van der Gucht made his engraving. It is to be hoped that the new edition of Oldham's works upon which Mr. Brooks has been engaged for some time wiJI soon appear.

A. B. E. BOUCHER'S LINGUISTIC PASTORAL OF COLONIAL MARYLAND. By AJlen Walker Read. Contributed to Dialect Notes, December, 1933, Vol. VI, Part vii.

PRONUNCIATION OF THE WORD 'MISSOURI.' By AJlen Walker Read.

Contributed to .4merican Speech, December, 1933• Vol. VIII, No. 4.

THE PHILOLOGICAi, SocIETY OF NEW YORK, 1788. By AJlen Walker Read . Contributed to American Speech, April, 1934, Vol. IX, No. 4.

NOAH WEBSTER AS A EUPHEMIST. By Allen Walker Read. Contributed to Dialect Notes, June, 1934, Vol. VI, Part viii.

THE HISTORY oF DR. JoHNSON's DEFINITION OF 'OATS.' By Allen Walker Read. Contributed to Agricultural History, July, 1934• Vol. VIII, No. 3.

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NOAH WEBSTER'S. PROJECT IN 1801 FOR A HISTORY OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS. By Allen Walker Read. Contributed to Journalism Quarterly , September, 1934, Vol. IX, No. 3.

Mr. A. W. Read continues to be most diligent in the use of the opportunity which his work on The Historical Dictionary of American English gives him of making exploratory forays into many fields. He draws attention to the crop of early colonial words and idioms to be found in an entertaining poem entitled Absence, a Pastoral: drawn from the life, from the manners, customs· and phraseology of planters (or, to speak more pastorally, of the rura~ swains) inhabiting the Banks of the Potomt11C, in Maryland, wrmen by a Cumbrian, Jonathan Boucher, who left for America in 1759 and became rector of St. Anne's, Annapolis, in 1770. Boucher 1s described by Mr. Read as ' the first commentator of importance, so far as we now know, on the subject of English in America.'

When a Governor of Missouri states in clear-cut terms : ' l 've lived in Mossouri all my life,· and have never heard any true:: Missourian pronounce the name of his state in any other way than " Mizzourah." \Vhen you give the final letter the sound of " i" it's all wrong to me,' should it not be an indictable offence for a lexicographer to canvass the question further? But notwithstanding this powerful pronouncement, Mr. Read has entered the lists and produced an exhaustive survey of the various pronunciations to which the word Missouri has been and is being subjected. We may now expect Mr. Read to venture upon settling the uncertainties which attach to the pronunciation of Tennessee.

Noah W ebster's activities naturally have special concern for Mr. Read. His interesting account of the foundation of the Philological Society of New York by \Vebster and a number of his friends throws light on the efforts made by young American patriots after the Revolution to develop the speech of America on its own lines, independently of English. In another article Mr. Read recounts the history of a subsequent project of Webster's, a history of American newspapers. The Puritan in Webster is illustrated in a third article dealing with Webster's attempt to rid the Bible of coarse words.

What was Dr. Johnson's justification for defining Oats as 'a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people'? Mr. Read answers this question and traces the reverberations that the Doctor's definition has set in motion-reverberations that have been relayed to America in the definition given by another great lexicographer, Sir James Murray,

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for Buckwheat, the seed which 'is in Europe used as food for horses, cattle, and poultry; in N. America its meal is made into "breakfast cakes," regarded as a dainty for the breakfast-table.'

A.B.E. An important letter from Mr. J. L. N. O' Loughlin on the subject of the poem of Keats known as 'The Fall of Hyperion' appeared in the Times Literciry Supplement, Thursday, December 6.

Mr. O'Loughlin demonstrates very fully the extent to which Keat~ was indebted to the Allegoric Vision prefixed to the Sermon add1-essed to the upper and middle classes by Coleridge in his two JJiy Sermons, published in 1817.

A.B.E.

DEGREES January 18, 1934·

B ..4.: C. S. Jones, E. L. Phillips. vV. H. M. Branston.

April 26 ...

B. lvlus.: B. Seton. M ..4.: D . E. M. G. Jones, A. H. Mead, H. J. Mills (in absence), A. D. Yates (in absence).

June

21 .. .

B ..4. : E. J. R. Burrough, R. G. Calvert. H.Sc. : G. S. Cansdale. M ..4 .: Rev. R. ]VI. Parker, Rev. N. A. Perry-Gore.

July 14 .. .

B .Mus.: F. C. Bazett-Jones. B.Sc.: J. 1\1.

Edmonds. M.A.: E. R. Welles.

B.A.: R. J. Lowe, A. Monkman, L. P. Mosdell, S. F. Parsons, M. ] . V. Print, B. B. Ward.

NI .A.: J.E . Beswick, Rev. J.E. T. Phillips, \V. V. Reynolds.

B.A.: G. T. Brett, A. D. Browne, 'f. J. Childs, G. K. B. Evens, D. J. Gillam (in absence), ]. N. W. Leech, J. McDonaugh, K. Mortimore, C. R. Oilier, H. E. Packer, C. C .

Reid, H. N. Savory, E.W. Slaughter, B. E. Toland, R. J. Vaughan, vV . Wallace, P. vVitherington.

B.A.: K. D. Belden, J. Lawless, P. N. Langridge, E. E. Lowe, J. E. Mowll, H. R. Orton, P. C. Palmer, D. H. Willson. M.A.: Rev. F. J . Buckle, N. C. Moses, Rev. A. E. A. Sulston.

M.A.: Rev. K. C . Oliver.

August 4

October 18

November 24 .. .

December 15

J\f.A.:

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

MATRICULATI ONS l\tIICHAELMAS TERM. Exhibitione'YS : Bailey, Allan Curton (Hymers College, Hull).

Cain, John Charles (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham) . vVorth, George (Wyggeston Gram mar School, Leicester).

Wright, Ernest Leon (Manchester Grammar School).

Commoners: Bagnall, Roger (St. J oh n's School, Leatherhead) .

Brett, John Alfred (Durh a m School).

Burrough, John Paul (St . Edward's School, Oxford).

Carmichael, Michael Jukes Paul (St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown).

Carr, John Dal e (Kent Colleg·e, Canterbury).

Cave-Browne-Cave, Bryan vVilliam (Shrewsbury School).

Coates, Brian Reynold (Bradford Gra mma r School) .

Courtney, Gerald John Pickard (Barnstaple Grammar Sch0ol) .

Curtis, Eric George (Bee School, London).

Dawber, H arold Gray (Stockport Grammar School).

Duncan-Jones, Andrew Roby (Mercha nt Taylors' School).

English, Maurice Cha rl es (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham).

English, Richard Delano (S utton \ 'alence School).

Geoghegan, Brian Francis Arthur (Christ's Hospital).

Harrison, R ev. Stanley William (Unive rsity of London) .

Harvey, James Brian (King Edward's School, Birming ham).

Hughes, Glyn Augustus (Christ' s Coll ege, Brecon) .

Liversidge, William James Howard (Radley College).

Lund, Richard Jones (Eltham College).

Merifield, Gordon James Philip (King Edward VI School, Southampton) .

Miles, Martin Hug h (King's School, Canterbury).

Mills, William Stuart (vVigan Grammar School) .

Mitchell, vValter Harold (Eltham College).

Mortimer, John Lionel (Lancing College) .

Mountain, Francis R aymond (Gilling ham County School) .

Orton, Denis Veevers (Dulwich College) .

P acker, Thomas Leona rd Graham (St. Edward's School, Oxford) .

Rainbow, Gerald Anton H ayward (St. J ohn's School, Leatherhead).

Rawes, Francis Roderick (Charterhouse School).

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115

Shergold, Harold Taplin (Peter Symonds' School, 'i\Ti nches ter) .

Spencer Ellis, Varley Michael (Liverpool College).

Stephenson, John Colin (Cranleig·h School).

Stowe, Leo nard Ivan (Samuel King's School, Alston).

Tassell, Douglas Rene (Malvern Coll ege).

Thomas, David Monro (St. Edward's School, Oxford) .

Thomas, Harry Rees (University of vVales). vVilmot, Anthony Talbot de Burg h (Tonbridge School).

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND This fund was in stituted in 1929 on the occasion of th e cen tenary of the birth of Dr. Liddon (Vice-Principal, 1859-62). The object of the fund is to provide Exhibitions for th e assistance of candidates for ordination entering the Hall. So far the sum of £goo has been invested. It is hoped that this endowment may be ·gradually augmented so that the number of exhibitions ma y be increased . '!\Te very g-ratcfully acknowl edge the additional contributions that have been received during this year:£ s. d.

260 5 8 Total brought forward 0 0 Mrs T . K. Allen (fourth donation) .1 The Rev. Canon 'i\T S. Gardner (fourth a nd JO 0 0 fifth don ations) St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory (Reunion, I 17 6 1934) St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory (Lidclon Society) 5 3

£278

8

5

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

AULARIAN ASSOCIATION RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT for the year ending June 30, 1934.

RECEIPTS.

Subscriptions prior to June 30, 1933: Membership . . . . .. . ..

Magazine Activities Fund

£

£

s. d.

s. d.

113 0 II I5 16 6 24 6 152 18

Subscriptions, June 30, I933, to June 30, 1934 : Membership...

219 6 Magazine 9 IO Activities Fund 23 I3

II

o o o 252

9 0

£

s . d.

P AYMENTS.

Aularian Exhibition Account .. .

Caroline Chairs for Hearne Room Donation to Library Magazine Account Aularian Directory Printing and Stationery Postages .. .

Member's Subscription refunded Balance to be carried forward .. .

50 0 0 35 0 0 25 0 0 I5 I6 6 20 7 6 4 8 8 3 I2 6 I 16 0 6 9 2 49

7 II AULARIAN EXHIBITION ACCOUNT. RECEIPTS.

£ s.

8I 3 50 0 I 12

Balance brought forward Aularian Association Ba nk Interest

£I32 15

d.

0 0 9 9

PAYMENTS.

£ s . d.

I32 I5 9

Bala nce to be carried forward ...

£132 15

Audited and found correct.

H. c. INGLE, Hon. Auditor

JOH N

B. ALLAN , Hon. Treasu·rer.

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