St Edmund Hall Magazine 1935-36

St. Edmund Hall Magazine

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935

OXFORD THE HOLYWELL PRESS, ALFRED STREET

ST. EDM UXD

f-1 . \ LL • '

' 93 5·

KEY T O THE H .-\LL GROUP, 1935.

Th e 1w111 i•s are gh1e11 frm11 left to rig ht as v ietoed hy th e ·r eader.

Back R ow .-G . .\ . Hu gh es, J . H . Boot hroyd, .-\ . T. de B. Wilmot, RcY. S. \\". Harrison , \\" . H . l\litch ell, D. R. T assel!, B. W. Cm·e-B rO\n1 e-CaYe, .-\ . R . Dun ca n J unes, E. F . .-\. Suttle, j . F . .\1nrtin, (;. \\·. Mc:\'aught, F . L. \ \/. Eade, J . J. Quinn, J . P ar k , K. R . \\". Miller, F. H. F rankcom, l;. B. B;i rn er, .-\ . P . .\fo ri ce.

S i.-.;th R ow. -\\·. J . H. Li versidge, M. J . D . Ca r111i chael, E. G. C urti s, H . G. Dauber, D . .-\ . F. Fl e111ing , \ 1\ M. Spencer E llis, J. L. ~fortim e r, B. F. A. Geoghegan, T. E. M. Ashton, L. T. Podm ore, B. \V. \\lhitl ow, 0 . T. Bro\Yn, A. L. Crowe, A. C. Bailey , F. H . H. Finch, D. G. T . Hi cks, J . A. Bre tt, T . L. G. Packer.

Fifth R ow.-]. P . Burrough, D. M. Th omas, E. L . 'Wright, W. S. Mills, F . \\/. Dawson, H . F. Cooke,\\/. E. Alderson, C. A. J. Cnx, K. R. Brook sba nk, J .C. Ad a mson , A. P. L. 'Sl ater, E. T. Ha lstea d, J. H. P . H all, 0. J . Matth e ws, P. G. La nghorne, J. N . Shaw, R . C . H ast ie Smit h, E. F. Foxton, B. R . S. Mainwaring, !\. M. Urquh a rt.

Fou·r th Row .-R . G. Pusey, T . R . J ackson, F. R. Rawes, R. j . Lund, F. R. Mo unt::i in , B. R. Coates, M. C. English, G. A. H .

Rainbo w, J . Lee, R. D. Eng li sh, A. Bag nall, R . A. Cr use, C. L. R. S hi eld, J . L. Pinniger, A. J . Beck, G. M. Burnett, F. Ma r t in, L. I. Sto\\·e, H . T . Shergold .

Third R ow.-D. V. 0 1·ton, J . H. Hod so n, L. G. H olm es, T . P . Hamerton, S. H . Rum sey , H. H . E . P eacock, ~- E. N . Besley, M. F. Cooper, j. E . Fra me, H. G . Ed1rnrd s, S. G. R ees, M. \\ ·all , G . Worth, J . C. C::i in, G. j. P. Merifi eld, P. Witherington, J . D . Ca rr, J. C. Step he nso n.

Seco11d R ow, seated.-\\/ . G. Fa ll ows, J . McDunaugh, S. F . P a rsons, .\'i. R . Bro\\·n, B. B. \.\la rd , M. Y. Ffrench-\.Villi::i ms, Rev. R. F . \\ ". F letcher , Rev. J . S. 13re\\·is ( l"ice-Pri11cipal), C. C. Hugh es (President a/ the J .C./? .) , Mr. A. B. Emden (Princip,1l ), Mr. G. R. Brewis (Senior Tutor), Dr. H. J. Hun t, R ev. A. M. F a rrer (Chap lain), E. W. Slaughter, E. E. Lowe, P. H. R ogers, P. C. Birkinsh::iw, A. J enkin s.

Front Row.- R . 0 . Barritt, A. J . H ealey, R. Byro111, P . H. G. Ne ll' house, K. R. Prebbl e, J. H . 'S. J enkin s, J . C. C. Sha pl a nd, S. E. Bradshaw, H. G. Ll ewell yn.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. III. No. 5.

DECEMBER. 1935.

EDITORS. 1935-36. J.C .

ADAMSON,

B. W.

Edito¡r.

CAVE-BROWNE- CAVE,

Asst. Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF THE PRINCIPAL. N June 6 the Principal was elected a member of the Hebdomadal Council to hold office from the first clay of Michaelmas Term, 1935, until the first day of Michaelmas Term, l94r. The Principal has also been appointed Deputy-Chairman of the Unh¡ersity Appointments Committee and a member of the Committee for Forestry.

A beginning was made by Mr. F. vV. Elwell, A .R.A., during Michaelmas Term on the presentation portrait of the Principal for which Aularians have subscribed .

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OF

THE V rcE-PRIKCIPAL .

The Vice-Principal was married on Wednesday, July 3, to the Hon. Anne Palmer, eldest daughter of Viscount and Viscountess Wolmer, a t the Parish Church of St. Marylebone. In token of their felicitations the members of the J .C.R. presented him with a walnut bureau as a wedding present. On behalf of the Hall we convey to him and to the H on . Mrs. John Brewis the fullest measure of Aularian good wishes. The Vice-Principal still retains his rooms. in Hall, but is now sometimes to be found at No . 33 Museum Road.

OF THE CHAPLAIN. In the course of Hilary Term the Chaplain, the Rev. A. M. Farrer, was elected to an Official Fellowship at Trinity College as Chaplain and Lecturer, in the place of his former tutor, Dr. K. E. Kirk, recently a ppointed Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology.

During his residence in the H all, since his appointment as Chaplain and Tutor in 193 l , Mr. Farrer has endeared himself greatly

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to all its members. On his translation to Trinity, which took place at the beginning of Michaelmas Term, he will have been attended by .t he keen regrets no less than ¡ by the affectionate good wishes of all Aularians who know him.

In his stead the Rev. John N. D . Kelly, B .A ., has been appointed Chaplain and Tutor in Theology and Philosophy. Mr. Kelly e'n tered Glasgow University as a Bursar and Scholar in 1925. He won the Ferguson Scholarship for Classics, and graduated M.A. in 1930 with First Class Honours in Classics. He was awarded the Logan Medal as the most disting uished graduate of his year. In 1930 he won an open classical scholarship at the Queen's College. He obtained a ' First' in Honour Classical Moderations and was 1:'1ected to the Hertford Scholarship in 1931. He took the Final Honour School of Literae Hmnaniores in 1933, and that of Theology in 1934, obtaining a ' First' in each School. In his fourth year at Queen's he was President of the J.C .R. He was awarded a Liddon Studentship in 1933. He was ordained deacon from St. Stephen's Hbuse in 1934 and was appointed to a curacy of St. Lawrenc.e ' s, Northampton. He was ordained priest in Oxford Cathedr:il on September 22 . vVe would reiterate h~re most cordially the welcome which he has already received during his first term in gremio aulari.

OF CHEMISTRY. Dr. F. D. Chattaway, F.R.S., Fellow of the Queen's College, who has resigned his Praelectorship in Chemistry in the Colleg e on reaching the statutory age-limit, has also resigned his Lectureship at the Hall. Since the end of the War he has had charge of the scientific studies of members of the Hall and has won the very grateful regard of a succession of Aularian pupils on account of the unfailing encouragement and help that he has given them. We would record here our keen appreciation of his connexion with the Hall as Lecturer and of the great interest that he has always shown in its affairs . Happily, it has been possible to appoint as Lecturer in his place his former pupil, Dr. H. M. N. H. Irving, who obtained a 'First' in Chemistry in 1928 and was elected to a Univ~rsity Senior Studentship .in 1930.

OF CONGRATULATIONS. The congratulations of the Hall are also due:To Dr. H. J. Hunt on the publication of Le SocialiS?ne et le Rorruintisme en France: ÂŁtude de la Presse Socialiste de 1830 a 1848, by the Ctarendon Press, and on the very favourable reviews which his book has receiYed.

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To C. J. Hayes on being awarded one of the Bourses offered by the French Government for study at French Universities and on proceeding to the degree of B.Litt.

To P. Witherington on proceeding to the degree of B.Sc. To G. A. Forrest on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Jurisprudence.

To all other members of the Hall \vho ab examinatoribus honore digni sunt habiti, especially to the following, who were placed in the Second Class in their respective Honour Schools: 0. T. Bro'Yn and J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn (Honour Classical Moderations) ; P. C. Birkinshaw, P. H. Rogers and I. L. Serraillier (English Language and Literature); H. F. Cook and S. G._ Rees (Modern Languages); W. G. Fallows, T. P. Hamerton, L. G. Holmes, C. C. Hughes, J. H. S. Jenkins and H. H. E. Peacock (Modern History).

To R. J. Vaughan on being adjudged worthy of distinction in the examination for the Diploma in Theolog y.

To H. N. Savory on being awarded a grant of ÂŁso from the Craven University Fund to enable him to visit Continental museums in connexion with his resea rches on the subject of the intr0tfoction of Early Iron Age Culture into Britain .

To L. I. Stowe on being awarded a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in French.

To W . E. Alderson on being awarded the Welsh Memorial Prize for Anatomical Drawing.

To V. M. Spencer Ellis on being awarded a Squire Scholarship.

To 0. D. C. W. King -Wood on being elected President of the O.U.D.S., and on his admirable performances as Horatio in ' Hamlet ' and as Brutus _in ' Julius Caesar.'

To E. F. A. Suttle on being elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Organists.

To M. Y. Ffrench-Williams on being elected President of the Oxford University Swir~u'ning Club and on representing the University for the third time in Swimming and in Water-Polo in the matches against Cambridge, on beating the record for the 100 Yards Free Style in the Cambridge match by winning in SS! sees., on representing Great Britain in . the International University Games at Budapest, and England in the match between England and Sweden at Stockholm.

To J. Lee on playing for the University for the second time against Cambridge in Assodation Football. .

To J. A. Brett on being awarded his ' Blue' and on playmg for the University against Cambridge in Rugby Football. ¡ .

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To C. C. Hughes on .being awarded his 'Half-Blue' for fencing and on representing the University for the second time in the f.pee Match against Cambridge.

To R. A. Cruse on being awarded his 'Half-Blue' for Athletics and on representing the University in the Half-Mile in the Sports against Cambridge and on being a member of the Oxford and Cambridge team in the meeting with Harvard and Yale.

To G. J. P. Merifield on coxing the winning Trial Eight and on being awarded his Trial Cap.

¡>

To H. R. Thomas on swimming for the University.

To T. M. F. Rogers on rowing in the Junior Trial Eights.

To I. M. Sciortino and J.P. Burrough on being elected members of the Leander Club.

To F. Martin and R. A. Cooper on being elected to the Greyhounds.

To J. Lyth and A. M. Reid on being elected to the Ocoasionals.

To J. C. Adamson, J. C. Cain and J. B. Harvey on their renderings of the respective parts of Polonius, the First Player. and Gentleman in the performance of' Hamlet' by the 0.U.D.S .

To J. C. Adamson, J.B. Harvey and B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave on their renderings of the parts of Casca, of Metellus Cimber and Massala, and of Lucius respectively in the performance of 'Julius Caesar' by the 0.U.D.S. in New College Cloisters.

To W . A. Nield on being elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Union Society in Michaelmas Term.

To the Boat Club on putting a Second Torpid and a Third Eight on the river for the first time in its history.

To the First Torpid (A. M . Urquhart, st¡r oke; L. T . Podmore, 7; T. E. M. Ashton, 6; W. J. H. Liversidge, 5; G. A. H. Rainbow, 4; A. R. Duncan Jones, 3; A. L. Crowe, z; F. L. W. Eade, bow; G. J.P. Merifield, cox .) and to P.H. Rogers, their coach, on bump. i~g Balliol II, University, Christ Church and Magdalen and on finishing third in the First Division.

To the Second Torpid (D. R. Tassell, stroke; M . . C. English, 7.i J. C. Stephenson, 6; G. vVorth; 5; J . F. Martin, 4; G. A. Hug hes, 3; E. L. vVright, 2; W. H. Mitchell, bow; J . C. Cain, cox .) and to P. Witherington, their coach, on bumping Magdalen IJI, Balliol III, Hertford .II, St. Peter's Hall II, Queen's II and Worcester II. To. the two Eights rowing in the Inter-College Long Distance Race on finishing 3rd and 16th respectively.

THE FIRST TORPID ,\FTER BUMP I NG MAGDM.E'/ l. ~r o~ uAY,

F 1rnRU 1\1~v 25.

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To the Swimming Team (M. ] . Mortimer, M. Y. FfrenchWilliams, J. N. Shaw, and J. A. Brett) on retaining the InterCollege Relays Cup. To No. 3 Section, No. 1 Platoon, O.U.O.T.C. (I. E. N. Besley, J.C. C. Shapland, G. R. Shield, and a member of Wadham College) on winning the O.U.O.T.C. Infantry Miniature Range Competition Cup.

' la Societe Fran9aise de Saint Edmund Hall de son debut.

A To the St. Edmund Hall Moot Club on its formation.

To all concerned in launching the new Aularian literary venture, F-i-rst Words, the first issue of which appeared in Trinity Term.

OF EXHIBITIONS.

An Examination beginning on Tuesday, March 19, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French), each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : W. H. Huntington, King's School, Pontefract (French).

J. B. Squire, Clifton College (English).

An Examinatioq beginning on Tuesday, March 26, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : H. Eyre, Heath Grammar School, Halifax (Classics).

J. McManners, Alderman 'i\Traith School, Spennymoor (Modern History).

L. I. Stowe, Commoner of the Hall, has been appointed an Honorary Exhibitioner, on winning a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in French.

Exhibition Examinations in 1936 will be held as follows:On Tuesday, March 17, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English or French), each of the annual value of £40.

On Thursday, March 19, for the purpose of awarding an Organ Exhibition of the annual rnlue of £35· On Tuesday, April 21, and the two following days for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the annual value of £40.

OF THE SCHOOLS.

1935.

In Schola Literarum G·r aecarum et Latinarum: Class II, O. T. Brown, J. J. D. A. P . M. Quinn; Class III, A. P. L. Slater.

HILARY TERM,

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TRI NITY TERM.

In Scientia Naturali: In Chemia, Pa·rt I: B. R . S. Mainwaring;

Part II, Class III, P. Witherington.

In Geographia: Class III, S. W. Hardisty.

In Literis Anglicis: Class II, P. C. Birkinshaw, P.H. Rogers, I. L. Serraillier; Class III , A. Jenkins, A. P. Morice ; Class I V, I. M. Sciortino.

In Juris prudentia: Class I , G. A. Forrest.

In Literis Modernis: Class II, H. F. Cook (in lingua Germanica et Gallica), S. G. Rees (in lingua Gallica); Class III, I. E. N. Besley (in lingua Ge·r manica et Gallica); Class IV, R. F .

Burnett (in lingua Gallica et Hispanica), J. E. Jackson * (in lingua Hispanica et Gallica).

In Schola Philosophiae, Politicae, et Oeconorniae: Class III, M. F. Cooper, D. Floyd, H . G. Llewellyn, K. D. Luke.

In Literis Humanioribus: Class III , M. R. Brown, E.T. Halstead.

In Histo ria Moderna: Class II, W. G. Fallows, T. P. Hamerton, L. G. Holmes, C. C. Hughes, J . H . S. Jenkins, H. H. E. Peacock; Class III , D . W. Bigley, S. E. Bradshaw, H. G. Edwards, J . E. Frame, T. A. Littleton, S. H. Rumsey.

Examinatoribu.s Satisfecerunt: G-rou p A.1, J. H. Boothroyd; Group A.3, D. C. P. Fitch; Group B.2, J . N . Shaw; Group D, J . H. Hodson.

Second E xamination fo r the Deg·ree of B.Mus . : E. F . A. Suttle.

Qualifyin1g Examination for the Degree of B.D.: S . A. R. Guest, W.W. S. March, G. B. Timms .

Diploma in Theology: R. J. Vaughan (with distinction), A. D. Browne.

Diploma in .4nthropology: L. W. Kenna n.

Examination in the Theory, History and P:ractice of Education: G. K. B. Evens, E . E. Lowe, J. McDonaugh, A. Monkman, K. Mortimore, H. E. Packer, S . F. Parsons, E.W. Slaughter, B. B. Ward.

Exaniination fo·r the Deg·ree of B.M ., Part I: W. E. Alderson, J. L. Pinniger.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Examinatoribus Satisfecerunt: G-roup A. 1, F . M. A. Farrer ; G·roup B.1, F. M.A. Farrer, J. N. Shaw.

Diploma in Education: R . W . Britton, R. B. Codling, J. W . L. Symes. * With distinction in the colloqui al use of the French la nguage.

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OF HIGHER DEGREES.

C. J. Hayes, B.A., having submitted a thesis on' The Romance of E-racle by Gautier d' Arras: its sources, composition, and place in contemporary literature,' for the Degree of B. Litt., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Mediaeval and Modern Languages.

A. J. Young, B.A., having submitted a thesis on 'Electrical Discharges in Gases at high pressures,' for the Degree of B. Sc., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Physical Sciences.

P. Witherington, B.A., was granted leave by the Examiners in Chemistry (Part II) to supplicate for the Degree of B.Sc. M. G. Robinson, B.A., having submitted a thesis on 'The Correspondence of Bishop Percy and Thomas Warton,' satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of English Language and Literature.

OF GIFTS.

The best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall during the year: To Mrs. Watson for the gift of a grandfather clock to be placed in the J .C.R. in memory of her husband, the Rev. F. E. Watson .

To Mr. and Mrs . H . Hayes for a further gift of \he sum of five pounds for the purchase of classical books in memory of their son, Henry Trevor Hayes.

To Mr. L. Moore for his gift of two plaques of stained glass, containing the arms of the University and of the Hall, which used to fill two lights over the front door of the Principal's Lodgings in the time of his father, Dr. E. Moore (Principal 1864-1913). The plaques have been replaced in their original position.

To Mr. N. Dawson for his gift of a silver salt, mustarcl-pot and pepper-pot.

To Dr. Percy A. Scholes for his gift to the Musical Society of the four albums of gramophone records of his Columbia History of Music.

To the Rev. R. G. Griffiths, F.S .A., for his gift of Archaeologia., Vols . 73-83.

To Dr. Poynton, Master of University College, for his gift of six volumes of classical texts.

To the Rev. Adam Fox, Fellow and Dean of Divinity, Magdalen College, for his gift of a copy of N ovum Testamentmn:

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Eva11.gelicum secundum Mcircwn:· ed. S. C. E. Legg, A.M. Oxon:, M.CMXXXV.

To Mr. G. P. V..T. Lamb for his gift of H. Friedjung's The Strnggle for Supremacy in Germany, 1859-66.

To Mr. A. W. Henderson for his gift of five Cuban books.

To Mr. Martin Cooper for his gift of a copy of his book, Gluck.

To Dr. F. D. Walker for his gift of copies of his books, Frank Non'. is, A Biography, and Prentice 1vlitlfo·r d's Californian Sketches.

To the Rev. E. R. \i\Telles for his gift of a copy of his book, A Histo'Y'y of Trinity Church, Woodbridge, New Jersey, from ;698 to 1935· . To Dr. C. R. Hiscocks for his gift of a copy of his doctorial thesis, Der Einfluss der innerpolit£schen Lage Frankreichs auf seine Bez-iehw-i,g en zu den Grnssmiichten 1815-1823.

Gifts to the Old Library are acknowledged under the appropriate heading.

To Mr. W. Best, Hall Boatman, for his gift, in memory of his sister, of a framed photograph of the Thames taken from Folly Bridge in 18g8 showing the predecessor to the existing Hall Barge.

The picture is being placed in the J.C.R.

OF

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATIO!\.

The Aularian Association has made a further grant of £,75 to the Exhihition Fund which it instituted in 1933 for the benefit of sons of Aularians entering the Hall as undergraduates. Three exhibitions have been awarded from this fund since its inception.

The Association by its generous gift of £,roo has once again made it possible for the Boat Club to enter a boat for the Ladies Plate in the Henley R egatta. It has also given the sum of £75 for the making of copies of portraits of distinguished worthies of the Hall.

OF

PORTRAITS.

As a result of the grant made by the Aularian Association for the purpose, two portraits in oils have been copied for the Hall by Mrs. Hilda Harrisson. One is a copy of a portrait of Dr. John Mill (Principal, 1685-1707) to replace the copy hanging in the Dining-hall which after cleaning proved startlingly inexact. The other is a copy of a portrait on panel of Dr. Henry Robinson, Bishop of Carlisle (Principal, 1576-81). The originals of both these portraits are in the possession of the Queen's College.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

OF THE KING'S SILVER JUBILEE. By order of the Vice-Chancellor, Monday, May 6, being the 25th anniversary of the Accession of King George V, was observed throughout the University as dies non legibilis, or, in less academic parlance, a whole holiday. Arrangements were made whereby the broadcasting of the King's Speech was heard during dinner in hall. At the conclusion of dinner a toast to His Majesty the King was drunk.

OF FIRST WORDS. The first number of what we hope may prove to be an Aularian annual appeared under the title First Words in the course of Trinity Term. This new publication is designed by its projectors to evoke literary contributions - essays, poems, short stories, grave and gay -from members of the Hall. The Magazine lays no claim to priority in this field. On the contrary, it has been felt for some time by successive Editors of the Magazine that the Hall and the doings of its members, past and present, furnish all the material for which space can be found each year within the pages of the Nlagnzine itself, and that the inclusion of contributions more strictly literary in character is no longer possible if the Magazine is not to become too bulky and miscellaneous. For . our part, therefore, we very cordially welcome the publication of First Ml ords, ·and hope that the good reception given it on its first appearance will be many times renewed.

0!'

THE OXFORD ALMANACK.

The main Quadrangle of the Hall has been chosen as the subject for the picture on the University Almanack for 1936. An admirable drawing in carbon pencil has been made for the purpose by Mr. William Washington, A.R.C.A. (Lond.), A.R.E., and is very well reproduced in collotype. The drawing was made from a position on the left hand side of the Entry, and shows the further half of the buildings on the north side, the Chapel and Old Library, and the Canterbury Building. Copies of the Almanack can be obtained from the Clarendon Press Depository, II6 High Street, for the sum of 4S· 6d., postage 4d. extra.

Only once before has the Hall figured on the Almanack, and that was in 1747· For that year George Vertue made a very unsatisfactory engraving, in the upper part of which appears a very inaccurate rendering of the buildings, and in the lower part an imaginary composition portraying various Hall worthies with

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

10

Queen Anne in their midst on a throne, and Dr. Mill on his knees presenting to her a copy of his edition of the New Testament in Greek.

OF ST. EoMuNo's DAY. On St. Edmund's Day, Saturday, November 16, at Dinner in hall the toast of Floreat ,4ula was proposed by the Rev. H. E. Kendall, Warden of St. Edward's School, in a very happy speech.

In addition to members of the Hall in residence, there were present: Dr. F. D. Chattaway, Fellow of Queen's, Mr. H. M. · Margoliouth, Secretary of Faculties, Mr. H . F. B. Brett-Smith, Mr. G. A. Highet, Fellow of St. John's, the Rev. A. M. Farrer, Fellow of Trinity, Mr. C. vV. Boothroyd, Mr. J. Fletcher Cooke, ·and Mr. H . K. Pusey.

OF THE CHA.PEL.

The Rev. Dr. K. E. Kirk, Regius Professor of Pastora.I Theology, preached in Chapel on Sunday, October 20.

OF THE NEW LIBRARY.

L. T. Podmore has succeeded E. T. Halstead as Librarian.

OF NUMBERS.

There were in residence during Michaelmas Term 9 Bachelors and 150 undergraduates. The number of Freshmen admitted was 54. The number of applicants for admission was 12 r.

OF THE J .C.R. The officers of the J.C. R . elected for the academical year 1935-36 are: President, M. Y. Ffrench-Williams; Steward, B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave. ]. L. Pinniger has been appointed Junior Treasurer.

APUD LONDONIENSES HE Annual Dinner of the London members of the Aularian Association was held at the Florence Restaurant on Monday, January 7th, 1935.

The Rtv. C. J . Beresford, Rector of St. George's-in-the-East (matric. 1888), who took the chair, in proposing the toast Floreat Aufo, paid happy tribute as a very old Aularian to the Principal, under whose friendly guidance the Hall was making such remarkable progress.

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The Principal, who was accorded an enthusiastic reception, expressed his pleasure at being present once again at a London gathering of the clan. He welcomed the opportunity of publicly congratulating the Vice-Principal upon his recently announced engagement, and called upon the gentleman in question to answer for his actions.

The Vice-Principal, in acknowledging the congratulations of the company, gracefully begged leave to depart early, as, through no fault of his own, he was to visit Mr. Leslie Henson at the Strand Theatre. He was permitted to leave the Restaurant in time for the latter half of the last act.

There were present: The Principal, the Rev. the Vice-Principal, Mr. J. B. Allan, the Rev. C. J. Beresford, Mr. J. F. Bleasdale, Mr. W. W. J. Bolland, Mr. J. H. T. Clarke, Mr. J. M. C. Clayton, Mr. J. F. Cooke, the Rev. S. Cox, the Rev. W. J. Cross, Mr. N. G. Fisher, Mr. B. M. Forrest, Major R. Gray, the Rev .

G. B. Hall, Mr. L. W. Hanson, the Rev. J. N. C. Holland, Mr. C. Lummis, Mr. T. V. Nicholson, Mr. J. E. Parsons, Mr. S. F. Parsons, Mr. E. L. Phillips, Mr. M. J . V. Print, the Rev. E. Royle, Mr. J. C. Toland.

J. C. TOLAND.

APUD SUDANENSES At the Grand Hotel, Khartoum, on March 25, an Aularian luncheon was held, at which there were present Mr. R. L. Hill, Mr. P. J. Sandison and Mr. J. M. Edmonds. A letter was dispatched to the Principal conveying an expression of their best wishes and loyalty to the Hall.

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION HE Executive Committee met in the Principal's Lodgings .a t 4.30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 19th, 1935. There were present: The Principal, the Bishop of Sherborne, Canon Ollard, ·Mr. ]. B. Allan, Canon Barker, Dr.· Keene, the Rev. F. McGowan, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, Mr. R. Waye and Mr. L. W. Hanson .

The Annual General Meeting followed the Reunion Dinner.

The Principal took the chair. The minutes of the preceding meeting had been published in the .Magazine and were taken as read.

The Hon. · Treasurer read his report, which disclosed a record balance of £323 15s. 11d.

The Principal thanked the Treasurer for so gratifying a statement. The flourishing condition of the finances .of the Association

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was in no small measure due to Mr. Allan's energy and zeal. They were also grateful to Mr. Ingle for his annual audit of the accounts. The Principal proposed the reappointment of Mr. Allan as Treasurer, which was carried with acclamation.

The Principal announced with very real regret that Mr. R. Sayle wished to be relieved of the office of Secretary, which he had held since the formation of the Association. Mr. Sayle had written to say that the increasing claims of his profession would make it impossible for him to give to the office of Secretary the time and energy which he thought it required. The Executive Committee had felt compelled to accept Mr. Sayle's resigna tion with reluctance.

They had registered a most hearty appreciation of his services, which he knew the Association as a whole would endorse. He was glad that they would not entirely be deprived of Mr. Sayle ' s counsel.

They had co-opted him as a member of the Executive Committee.

It was proposed from the Chair that Mr. L. Vv. Hanson be elected to the office of Honorary Secretary.

The Principal then laid before the Association the recommendations of the Executive Committee for the disposal of the credit balance. These were unanimously adopted. It was agreed to make grants to the Exhibition Fund to the value of £75· £100 was voted towards the expense of sending the Eight to Henley. A grant of £75 was allotted to obtain copies of the portraits of Dr. John Mill, Bishop Henry Robinson and Francis Cherry.

Under Rule 9 the retiring members of the Executive Committee were Canon Cunningham and the R ev. T. E. R. Phillips. They were unanimously re-elected.

It was agreed to hold the next meeting on. June 25, 1936.

L. Vil. HANSON.

THE REUNION, 1935 HE Thirteenth Reunion of Old Members took place on Tues-. day, June 25, 1935· After Evensong in Chapel, dinner was served in the Dining-hall. There were present at the dinner : The Right Rev. the Bishop of Sherborne, the Rev. Canon S. L. Ollarcl, the Rev. Canon A. D. Barker, the Rev. K. M. Ffinch, the Rev. C. W. Fullmer, the Rev. E. C. Lace, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, the Rev. C. J. Beresford, Mr. H. N. ffarington, the Rev. C. A. Peacock, Major R. Gray, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. P . A. W. Skinner, the Rev. G. Branson, the Rev. R. Shepheard, the Rev. F. McGowan, Mr. H. C. Ingle, the Rev. P. T.'Jefferson, Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton, the Rev. E. L. Millen, Mr. H. A. Blair,

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Mr. C. Lummis, the Rev. C. A. Plaxton, Mr. R. Sim, the Rev. J. H. A. Rusbridger, Mr. J. B. Allan, Mr. L. W. Hanson, Mr. A. W . Henderson, the Rev. J. E. T . Phillips, Mr. R. H. Barff, Mr. W. V. Reynolds, Mr. R. Waye, the Rev. ]. C. Yates, Mr. R. G. R, Calvert 0.nd Mr. L. P. Mosdell.

The toast of Flo·reat Aula was proposed by the Bishop of Sherborne in a delightful speech, which will remain in the recollection of those present as one of the most memorable that have been made on this occasion. The Principal in his reply recounted the Gesta Aularia. of the year past.

A.B.E.

THE OLD LIBRARY COPY of the . collected edition of John Oldham's poems, published in. 1692, has been acquired, so that the Library now contains a complete collection of the editions of his collected works. A copy of the second edition (1682) of his Satyrs upon the Jesuits has also been added. Mr. G. E. H. Grigson has very kindly presented a copy of 'Contributions to the Textual Criticism of the Divina Commedia,' in which have been inserted eight letters and a postcard from the author, Dr. E. Moore (Principal, 1864-1913), to the distinguished archaeologist, Mr. H. de la G. Grissell, F .S.A., Chamberlain to the Pope, and Knight Commander of the Order of Pius IX, who formerly owned the volume.

A

In the last issue of the Magazine a request was made to members of the Hall, past and present, to hand over for safe keeping in the Archives any old minute-books of Hall Clubs or Societies that they may have in their possession. The following minutebooks have since been deposited in the Archives : THE ESSAY SOCIETY: Minute Book: January 31, l9og-February 4, 1923.

Minute Book : February 18, 1923 .:_December 4, I<}27.

Minute Book: January 29, 1928-November 6, 1932 ..

THE CHURCH SOCIETY: THE 0RDINA!\DS' SOCIETY: THE LIDDON SOCIETY: Minute Book: June 14, 1925-February 14, 1932.

In addition to those already noted, the following books of Aularian interest have been presented to the Old Library during the year:,

From the P·r incipal: PARKER, Henry (matric. l622j: The Contra-Replicant, his Complaint to His M ajestie. pp. 31. [ 1642)l 4to.

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BLACKMORE, Sir Richard (matric. 1669) : (i) Dissertations on a D·r opsy, a T'ym pany, the Jaundice, the Stone, and a Diabetes. pp. lxiv + 230. London, 1727, 8vo.; (ii) Instructions to Vander Banh, A Sequel to. the Advice to Poets: A Poem, Occasion'd by the Glorious Sitccess of Her Majesty's Arms, under the Command of the Duke of Marlbo·rough, the last yea:r in Flandres. pp. 16. London, 1709, 8vo. 'i\TooDWARD, Josiah (matric. 1673) : An Accou.nt of the Societies for Reformation of Ma.nners in London and Westminster and other plllrts of the Kingdom.. pp. 163. London, 16g9, 8vo.

KETTLEWELL, John, Nonjuror (matric. 1674): (i) A Companion fo ·r the Penitent, and for Persons Troubled in Mind. pp.

60. London, 1768, 8vo.; (ii) The Trial and Judgment of the S011l. pp. 32. London, 1768, 8vo.; (iii) An Office for Persons Troubled in Mind, to. settle them in Peace and Comfort. pp. 35.

London, 1768, 8vo.

KENNETT, White, Bishop of Peterborough (matric. 1678) : The Excellent Daughter: A Discourse very necessary fo be given by all pa.rents to thei-r children. 8th Ed. pp. 36. London, 1771, 8vo.

From Mr. H. A. Barnes-Lawrence : RIDDLE, Joseph E. (matric. 1825): A Complete English-Latin Dictiona·ry. pp. iv+ 312. London, 1839, 8vo.

The following books have also been presented, for which very grateful acknowledgment is here made : By Mr. R. Fielding Dodd, F.R.l.B.A.: The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq., u•ith the Life of the A1ttho·r. 8 vols. 2nd Ed. London, 1762, 8vo.

By the Rev. V. A. C. Ransome: from the library of the late Rev. C. F. Morris, B.C.L., M.A. The Observances in use at the Augustinian Priory of Barnwell, Cambs. Edited by J. W. Clark. Limited edition. Cambridge, 1897, 8vo.

A.B.E.

CENTENARIES HERE has been held this year at Prague an exhibition commemorative of the 55oth anniversary of the death of John Wyclif. The exhibition was organized, appropriately enough, under the auspices of the ancient University of Prague, famous once upon a time as the spiritual centre of the Hussite movement, which owed so much to Wyclif's teaching. It was housed in the mediaeval library of the University, and consisted of manuscripts, books and letters illustrating the influence exerted by Wyclif on religious life and history in Europe. Among the English followers of Wyclif none was more actively responsible for the prop~gation

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of his views on the continent than Peter Payne, sometime Principal 路 of St. Edmund Hall. When after Oldcastle's plot England became too hot for him, Payne took refuge in Bohemia and spent the rest of his life there champ_ioning the tenets of Wyclifism, becoming, as he was recently described by the Prague corre'!>pondent of The Times, 'one of the foremost theologians and diplomatists of the Hussite movement.' His defence of the teaching of Hus at the Council o ~ Basel (1433), which was brought from Basel to Prague by one of the military leaders of Tabor, formed an exhibit, and also the record of Payne's defence of the Wyclifite position and of extracts made by him from Wyclif's works. The exhibition was arranged by Dr. F. M. Bartos, Professor at the Hussite Faculty of the University of Prague, who has made important contributions to our knowledge of Payne during the years of his exile.

Another library of mediaeval foundation has this year been the home of an exhibition more directly concerned with a former member of the Hall. In the Bodleian Library an exhibition was arranged during April to commemorate the bicentenary of the death of Thomas Hearne (matric. 1695), who died June lO, 1735路 This tribute to Hearne might well be regarded as in some sense an act of reparation, for Hearne, who was appointed Janitor of the Bodleian in 1701, and Sub-Librarian in 1712, was in 1716 deprived of his office owing to the hostility of the Librarian, and to his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to George I. Hearne, one of the most distinguished of Oxford antiquaries, is perhaps most widely known at the present day as the author of a detailed diary in which fife in Oxford during the early Hanoverian period is intimately portrayed. This Diary, which is contained in 145 small volumes, was bequeathed to the Bodleian Library with the rest of Hearne's papers by Richard Rawlinson. Several volumes were shown at the exhibition, and also books from Hearne's own library and examples of his editions of English mediaeval chronicles, on which in his own day his reputation chiefiyi rested.

On the afternoon of June l the bicentenary of Hearne's death was commemorated by members of the Berkshire Archaeological Society in the little church of St. Mary-the-Virgin, \Vhite Waltham, Berkshire, in which he was baptized in路 1678. A memorial tablet designed by Mr. C. Birdwood Willcocks,路 F.R.l.B.A., was unveiled by the Rev. Dr. H. E. Salter, F.B.A., Fellow of Magdalen, and President of the Oxford Historical Society. This ceremony was preceded earlier in the afternoon by the ringing of hand-bells in the church and the pealing of the bells in the tower, as a tribute to Hearne's great love of church bells.

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On Thursday afternoon, October ro, a small exhibition of Hearniana was a rranged in the Hearne Room on the occasion of · the party given by the Principal to meet the· new Vice-Chancellor.

There were shown a Buttery Book with Hearne' s name entered in it, the Principal's Ledger Book with the entry of the payment made to Hearne for his catalogue of the Hall library, and several books , containing Hearne's autograph, that had once formed part of his own choice collection. of books. \A. B.E.

THOMAS HEARNE 1735-1935 [ Eo.: We are greatly indebted to the proprietors of The Times for the permission that they have most kindly given us to reprint this article which appeaud as the leading article in The Times Literary Supplement of June 6, and we particularly appreciate the very special indulgence that they have further granted us by allowing the veil of anonymity to be w ithdmwn as to its au.thorship. A u.larians who are readers of that excellent jou rnal will know• that the leading articles in• it Me always published anonymously. We are most grateful to th e author of this admirable Mticle, Professor David C. Doiiglas, of the Unive rsity College of the South-West, Exeter, for giving his consent to the reprint of it over his name.]

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N June ro, 1735, a bitter and secluded scholar died at St. Edmund Hall, in Oxford, and a few days later he was buried at St. P eter's in the East under ian inscription written by himself, to mark the tomb of ' Thomas Hearne, who studied and preserved antiquities.' It was a modest summary of a career which left as a legacy to the future over forty volumes of learned print and a hundred and forty-five manuscript note-books; but it gave in its bare dignity little indication of the importance of a remarkable man in the hi story of English letters. For by this death Oxford University had lost its most forceful and best hated member, and Eng land a figure who is unique among our historians. Here was the author of a notable diary, the pungent commentator of academic life, the centre of a vast correspondence and one of the founders of English medieval scholarship. Few men have been the subject of more c riticism , and even to-day it is only among the diminishing echoes of outworn controversies that we can catch a sound of the authentic voice of Thomas Hearne.

Two dominating passions drove this eccentric scholar through his astonishing career. They were a· love of -antiquity and a hatred of the political system under which he lived; and they led a child

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE labourer in the fields of White Waltham into becoming th~ ¡central figure in the politics of a great university and its most prolific man of letters. Hearne claims attention chiefly as the most industrious of learned editors, but it was as a 'non-juror' vociferously refusing to take the oaths to the new dynasty and violently denounc-irig those who did that he adorned and vexed the society in which he lived. No don has ever been more hated by opponents, and few have struck at enemies with more savagery. He goes about his business irrevocably devoted to assiduous scholarship but noting clown for the benefit of posterity every fancied slight, credulous of every infamy that has a Whig source, believing little that is evil about his political friends and nothing that is good about his political foes. An air of splenetic repression surrounds him; and a .strange portrait is thus immediately formed in front of the contentious background of contemporary Oxford. It is that of a little man in unkempt dress, an.cl he peers out of Vertue's print with an odd expression blended of obstinacy and inquiry, a true scholar in his tastes and in his immense industry, but a problem alike to the friends who strove to help him and to the enemies whom he wished to confound. It is a composite portrait, since the devout non-juror merges into the retailer of malicious gossip, and the glowing controversialist into the meticulous editor. But, in spite of the confusion, the secret is perhaps not so recondite after all. For the indefatigable note-taker has preserved even his private prayers : ' I continually meet with most signal instances of this Thy providence, and one act yesterday when I unexpectedly met with three old MSS. for which in a particular manner I return my thanks.'

¡ It is surely a child-like simplicity that sustains this squat dynamic student, as, in a shabby suit, he confronts a hostile world with the sheets of an editio princeps in one pocket and a notebook crammed with scandal in the other.

These notebooks reflect, as in a glass which 'is coloured but not distorted, a critical phase in the development of Oxford and of English scholarship; and their edition in eleven stout volumes now ~ompleted by the fine scholarship of Dr. Salter forms an indispensable source of academic history. For Hearne could write with force if not with great elegance, and, though he was justifiably fearful that his daily notes might be read by contempo¡r aries. he prepared them consciously for the eye of posterity; and, if hi::; own reputation has suffered somewhat thereby, he has enjoyed as few have done a posthumous revenge over his enemies. Our current notions of Oxford life in the early eighteenth century derive, more

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directly perhaps than some suppose, from these indignant and shrewd collections. H earne's phrases have a robust quality as -they describe the Head who ' was never noted for learning or for anything else,' the don who was ' a vain coxcomb strutting mightily about,' the scholar whose 'work had no manner of likeness to his origin.a ls,' or the student ' who would do anything for a penny.'

Here is a picture in which there are no half tones," sketched with a pen that has been dipped in gall. But it is a picture none the less authentic of an Oxford rent with political strife. Already, in the other interest, there were dropping from the press the sheets of Amhurst's 'Terrae Filius' to tell the world of 'a profligate debauchee chosen Professor of Moral Philosophy and a fellow who never looked at the stars soberly in his life Professor of Astronom y.' Such a habit of mind was certainly not conducive to dignity or to sound learning. But the savage persecution of Thomas Hearne by academic authority may perhaps prompt the question whether contemporary Oxford was as uniformly Jacobite in its sympathies as is sometimes supposed. · For there can be no doubt of the sincerity of Hearne's beliefs.

Enemies might, with a trul y subtle cruelty, reprint a youthful work in favour of the oaths, but H earne in his maturity showed no lack of consistency :· 'As no favour or kindnesses (he wrote] have moved me hitherto to write anything contrary to justice truth and conscience so I ain resolved for the future (and I hope God w ill bless the resolution) to keep strictly to the same principles and to be drawn from them by no secular consideration whatsoever.'

The resolve was courageously kept and, with all his lack of res traint; Hearne acquired the dignity which informs every career that welcomes sacrifice for the sake of a cause. It was one thing for a wealthy squire like Francis Cherry to stand up in his own parish church a nd face the congregation when the · royal prayers were re·a d, but it was quite another for a poor scholar, anxious to keep his father ' off the parish,' to place himself deliberately oufof reach of such posts as the· Cainden Chair which otherwise ·might have been his. And the passionate student surely underwent real hardship when, himself still under-librarian, he found the doors of the "Bodleian lo.eked against him in 1715, and for the rest of his life "vas denied access to its shelves. We may probably here see sufficient explanation of the sullen temper which grew upon him in his later years ias he wrote behind the locked doors of his study and imagined, with a semblance of justice, that the hand of every man was turned against him :-

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' I who lived in Oxford seldom see or use other books than what my own poor library affords, or what are transmitted to me by particular friends which I hope (and do not doubt) that God will reward.'

Thomas H earne s uffered much injustice. Nevertheless it would be wrong to deny that he invited the persecution which was inflicted upon him. His political principles, advocated with unnecessary violence, exposed him to inevitable attack, but he was beset with an enmity which even the politics of the day could not of themselves have aroused. A hyper-sensitive nature, which modern psychology could perhaps explain, led him to suspect an enemy in every meeting, and he could never forgive insults even when they had never been offered. His pen was steeped in venom and wrote unforgivable words. Sav>agely avenging imaginary as well as real affronts he compassed himself about with outraged hostility : esurient of antiquities he became a whetstone of cheap wit. He lacked urbanity. But outside the febrile atmosphere of university politics disinterested observers s uch as Michael Maittaire could discount the pettiness of Common Room animosities and deplore the endless persecution of a ' poor suffering conscientious man ' which ' appears to most here in town as the malice of a few persons who, being unable to outdo and rival his industry, lay hold of some little exceptions (at the worst heedless and which I grant by a more wary man might have been left out) to bring about his ru in. ' It is now possible, after the lapse of time, to discard without great difficulty the vituperation of the diaries and to welcome in them the unique description of an academic atmosphere that has passed away and of a scholarship which it has as yet been impossible to supersede. To the Oxford of Anthony Wood succeeds as if inevitably the Oxford of Thomas Hearne; iand it is surely remarkable that the two most illuminating pictures which we possess of past· Oxford should have been drawn by men who lived isolated lives within her midst. Like Wood, Hearne began by being a welcome ·member of this community, for if Wood's music parties were famous Hearne's conversation had once been lively and sought after. It was only in later life that both men became solitary figures, widely disliked and deeply suspicious. There was, it is true, nothing in Hearne to compare with the gracious charm of Some of Wood's work, but he was himself the better scholar and imbued fully as deeply with the conviction that the University was a living organism whose past should be the subject of loving study, and whos·e · present condition, with · all its multifarious activities, was the ·object of an endless interest. His sympathies were exclu-

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sive rather than preferential; but he left behind him a description of his own Oxford more detailed than Wood's if less po!i'ihed, more intimate if less charitable, so that in these daily notes the contrasted fig ures involved in this strange i;nicrocosm of early eighteenth-century England move with a ¡ vitality which the lapse of years has done nothing to destroy.

For Hearne makes an autobiog raphical excursion which from day to day seems to traverse the whole field of academic life. He observes Dr. Charlett at his correspondence, or Dr. Lancaster 'smooth-boots' -vigorously presiding over Queen's and contemplating its rebuilding. Descending from such august heights he listens to the conversation of scholars at ' Antiquity Hall,' or deals with the learned letters which have just arrived from Ralph Thoresby or Edmund Gibson, from White Kennett or Roger Gale.

There are always momentous questions to be considered : Has Bentley really g ot the better of Christ Church .in the matter of Phalaris and can Hickes get hi s Thesaurus published? Is Tanner a trustworthy editor, a nd what are we to think of Rymer's 'Foe.dera' which has just appeared? Nor is this all ; for it is necessary also to watch the ' learned imps' in the Coffee Houses anq to r.ontemplate the behaviour of gentlemen commoners in their cluhs and with their toasts. Alcoholic loyalty to Church or King is always worth a note even when it meets with proctorial reproof : ' Gentlemen,' was the admonition, 'we are to pray for the Church and to fight for the Church but not to drink for the Church.' And with what joy is it to be recorded that on accession day iri 1715 'the bells .only jambled, being pulled by a parcel of children and silly people so that there was not so much as one good peel rung in Oxford. ' But even this need not exhaust the attention, for there is that scandalous scene in All Souls' buttery now to be described, . or the woman who came to life after being buried for fourteen days in the snow, or the plethora of learned tailors. From day to day he proceeds assiduously at his task, now the weighty commentator, now the astute critic, now the sprightly anecdotist and now the picker up of unconsidered scraps.

The influence of an uncritical temper detracted, however, from the value of the criticisms which these diaries supply of contemporary scholarship. To the men of a past generation Hearne was usually fair if perhaps too eulogistic, but to his contemporaries he frequently applied criteria of judg ment which had little connexion with learning. To Hearne an ' honest' scholar was often merely one who held non-juring opinions. No man ever found it harder to be fair to the work of scholars who held different opinions from

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his own. Doubtless political animosity might explain the appearance of White Kennett with his black patch over his eye as Judas Iscariot in an altar-piece representing the Last Supper, but a scholar of Hearne's distinction ought to have recognised more fully the value of Kennett's scholarship or the editorial ability of Thomas Tanner. The reader grows sceptical of criticism when it extends into the domestic privacy of Whig historians. Was it really true that Tanner' s wife was 'remarkable for the drinking of brandy' or that the wife of the Bishop of Peterborough ' wore the breeches and managed him as his haughty and insolent temper deserved '? and what are we to think of the critical power of a scholar who dismissed the work of the greatest Saxonist of his age with the remark: 'Writing trivial things ... and talking big ... he might have been considerable had he stuck to any one thing but he very much wanted steadiness and judgment '?

The qualities which inspired the vivacity and the malice of the diaries were, indeed, not those usually associated with good editorship ; and yet the true memorial of Thomas Hearne is to be found to-day in shelves filled with the serried ranks of medieval writers accurately edited with full notes and long prefaces. This was a stupendous production which marked :an epoch in the development of English medieval studies. For these editions helped to fill the wide gap which separates the work of Savile and Twysden, of Fulman and Thomas Gale from the appearance of the 'Rolls Series ' ; and until the latter half of the nineteenth century many of the most important sources of English medieval history were to be found in Hearne's texts and there alone. Even to-day the best edition of the Black Book of the Exchequer is still, in the opinion of many, to be found in Hearne's book. Hemming's cartulary is printed only in his volume, and his edition of the Textus Roffensis is, for all its defects, still indispensable. We owe to Thomas Hearne the best part of our knowledge of Leland, and by producing the 'chronicle' of Robert of Gloucester he gave to scholars what may be termed the first critical edition of a Middle-English text. The appearance of a multitude of such volumes at the hands of a single editor represents the ¡achievement of an inspired industry ¡which baffles explanation and which succeeded only by means of work which now seems almost incredibly rapid . Within eighteen months of July, i727, for example, this man, in addition to voluminous note-taking and the conduct of a vast correspondence, gave to the: world the five volumes which comprise Adam of Domerham, Thomas Elmham, and the Exchequer Black Book.

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This extraordinary energy carried with it its own defects.

Gibbon declared that intellectually Hearne suffered from a 'voracious and undisting uishing appetite ' ; and in truth he was indiscriminate in seizing upon ' morsels of antiquity ' with which to sate it. The credulity which prevented him from ever questioning the fantastic legends current concerning the antiquity of Oxford University interfered also with the judicious selection of his texts, so that it sometimes seemed that it almost sufficed for a document to be old for Hearne to wish to publish it. Nevertheless there is little danger to-day of over-praising either the quality or the magnitude of Hearne's work as an historical editor. If in critical power he was inferior to some of his contemporaries he had no equal in the presentation of medieval texts. His meticulous accuracv was indeed made a reproach to him after his death : ' One Rule which .. . he closely observed was always to follow his Authors religiously. Their Mistakes by this means were punctually copied and sacredly preserved.-Sic MS. he has noted per-. haps in the Margin to shew that he was not ignorant of the Error in the Copy- but still amidst all these .Regulations the Text is generally kept purely corrupt and scarce a Blunder thro' the whole but what is very industriously preserved.'

It was a fault for which generations of scholars have had cause to be grateful. For any period, and especially for that in which he lived, Hearne's accuracy was as extraordinary as his memory was excellent. His texts have never been tested throughout hy means of a complete collation, but there is no doubt that his claim that his reproductions of manuscripts were letter perfect was well sustained, and his editions were of an accuracy which was almost unknown to his generation. They were also free from affectations, and his rules of editing might well be taken to heart by many modern editors of medieval texts:'The business of publishing is to make it clear as can be, that is , to give the words at leng th and the abbreviations only at such times when such abbreviations may bear several significations, and even then sometimes a note will be necessary.'

At the beginning of the eighteenth century the crying need of English historical scholarship was the production of good, reliable and clearly edited texts. These Hearne supplied in such a way and to such an extent that the subsequent growth of our knowledge of medieval¡ England is indebted to him, directly or indirectly, at almost every point.

In death as in life Hearne was surrounded by a rancorous clamour of conflicting voices. Within six months of his funer.al a scurrilous biography revived the bitter invective of Pope, and for ra.

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century his reputation suffered the attacks of a campaign of disparagement. For the interests and methods of this exact student of medieva l antiquities were not such as would appeal to the new literary fashion. Detailed research into the Middle Ages was out of favour. 'Some indulgence ,' said Lord Chesterfield, ' may be had to a temperate curiosity in the review of them, but to be learned a bout them is a ridiculous affectation in any man who means to be useful to the present age.' Certainly ' temperate curiosity' was not the motive which spurred Hearne to his immense achievement, and equally certainly there was in him ' a singularity in his external Behaviour or Manner which was the Jest of the Man of Wit and polite Life, ' Hearn e himself had been told. that ' good manners were hardly to be expected of a mere Scholar and P edant,' a nd the worthy bookseller who sold his mag nificent library 'very cheap' in 1736 saw fit to advertise hi s wares with a facetious condescension exactly ada pted to the prejudices of th e polite world:'Pox on't,' quoth Time to Thomas Hearne, ' Whatever I forget you learn .'

Nevertheless, some of H earne's detractors mig ht perhaps have listened with profit to a conversation he once held with a famous Master of University College: 'As for Dr. Aldrich,' said the Master, 'he was a d espiser of Antiquities.' I told him that the Dean was a trul y lea rned man' He was only for polite learning,' said the Master. 'vVhy,' said I, 'that is Antiquity.'

It was doubtless the sweeping statement of an enthusiast wh~ rises eagerly to swallow a bait; but it reveals the man himself.

But if Hearne belonged in spirit to the century preceding that in which he died, he was also related by a proleptic a ffinity to a distant future which was to share hi s interests and to respect his achievement. Indeed, the modern scholars who revived the study of English medieval history had frequently to start their work where Hearne left off and to build upon the foundations he had securely laid down. And a generation which has made it a boast to base its historical judgment on documentary authority may well reflect gratefully upon the career of a man who gave his life to the publication of documents. Both as a notable diarist and as an exact editor it can certainly be said of Thomas Hearne as of few other men that his reputation stands hig her two hundred years after his death than at any previous period. And posterity, w~om he took so ingenuously into his private confidence, has found ti.me to endorse the bold judg ment of an early biographer: ' Succeechng

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Times have given Testimony to his Abilities - It is at least not flattery to consider him as a pattern to all whose Duty it is as well as Inclination to unite much Learning and Erudition with the greatest Plainness and Simplicity of i\'fanners .'

DAvro Douc1.As .

THE ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND ACKNO,VLEDGE most gratefully -0n behalf of the Hall the generous support which the Endowment and Extension Fund is continuing to receive from Aularians. It is not only the provision that has to be made for the repayment of the loan of £5,000 granted to the Hall by the University for the purpose of the erection of the Canterbury Building that is effected by the amount of support which this Fund receives : the larger the Fund grows the sooner can new developments for the Hall be undertaken. I hope that all Aularians who take the 1'1agazin1e may see their way to make some contribution year by year, however small.

A.B.E.

I

Total brought forward J.B. Allan (total £2 2s.)

Mrs. T. K. Allen (total £4 4s.)

Rev. Canon D. Armytage (total £21) C . E. Baldwin Rev. J. W. Blair (total £3) E. J. Bowden G. T. Brett ...

P. ]. Britton ..

Rev. N. K. Brownsell Rev. W. L. Bunce (total £2) H. Cloke (total £I Is.) ...

Rev . H. M. Crabbe (total £I IS.) Rev. Canon P . Cunningham D. K. Daniels (total £'3 3s.)

J. M. Edmonds (total £3) A. E. Ellis (total £I IIs. 6d.)

Mrs. Walter Emden (total £400) H . N. ffarington (total £I5) Rev. F. J. Fish (total £9 9s.)

Rev. C. W. Fisher (total £2 2s.)

Rev. J. D. Fox (total £I I Is .) .. .

G. H. Franey (total £4 4s.) .. .

Dr. P. T. Freeman (total £4 4s.)

W. W. E. Giles H. F. Green ..

Rev. R . G. Griffiths L. ,V. Hanson (total £4)

s . d.

3 IO 0 0 5 5 0 2 2 0 0 0 JO 6 0 0 JO 6 0 JO 0 JO 6 JO 6 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 JO 6 JOO 0 0 5 0 0

£

.. I I93

0 0 0 0 0

I

I I

2

0

0

3

0 0

3

0

0

ST. EDl\WND HALL MAGAZINE

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1_:

J. H.

Hodson Rev . S. A. Howard (total £15) H. C. Ingle (total £20) ...

G. E . Janson-Smith Rev. J. L. Jenkins (total £5 10s.)

J.C. W. Ludlow (total £2) Rev. LI. R. McDermid (total £2) H . A. Maxwell V. 'i\T. Miles ..

Rev. A. R. H. Morris K. A. Muir (total £4) R. S. Orchard A. 'i\T. U. Roberts ...

P. J. Sandison (total £4) . ..

R. Sayle (total £15) B. Seton Right Rev. the Bishop of Sherborne (total £15) .. . ... ... ... . ..

R. Sim (total £340) Rev. A . E. A. Sulston J. H. Tyzack (total £2 2s.)

C. D. Walker (total £3) ...

Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Welles P. Young (total £9)

s. d.

10 0

5 5

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

5 0

10

0

I

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

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0

0

0

0

2

8 10

2 5 2

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5 35

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OBITUARY WILLIAM LOCKWOOD MARTIN The Rev. ~T illiam Lockwood Martin, M.A., died on March 14 at a nursing-home in Oxford, aged 88. He matriculated on April 23, 1866, and was at the time of his death the doyen; among members of the Hall. In 1870, a year after taking his degree, he was or_d ained to a curacy at Ilkeston. He moved in 1874 to Liverpool to be curate at St. Margaret's, Anfield, and in the following year to Lbndon to St. Andrew's, Wells Street. In 1878 he was ap·pointed Vicar of Bettisfield, in Flintshire. From there, sixteen years later he moved to the vicarage of Berriew, in Montgomeryshire, where he remained until his retirement in 1912. Since 1905 he had been Rural Dean of Pool. On . his retirement he went to live in Hampstead and contin ued for some time to take occasional duty. In 1931 he came to spend his last years in Oxford.

No one who came to know him could fail to be greatly attracted by his affectionateness and charm . He was an old man, frail in 'health, when I first met him after his return to Oxford, but there still· glowed in him the brightness of a deep spirituality that re•

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fleeted a life-long loyalty to the Catholic traditions of the English Church. He was devoted to the Hall. And it may now be made known that he is numbered among our benefactors, for it was he who in 1928 anonymously provided investments valued at about ÂŁ800 to establish a Bursary Fund for the assistance of members of the Hall seeking ordination. He wished the Fund to be known as the M.M. Bursary Fund or the Two Maries Bursary Fund, 'for the means to found it,' he wrote at the time, 'is forthc-oming mainly as the fruit of thrift and self-denial on the part of my clear mother and my wife, both named '' Mary.'' ' WILLIAM GEORGE DIMOCK FLETCHER The Rev. 'i\'illiam George Dimock Fletcher, M.A., who was 84 years of age, died on I)ecember 6 in the Royal Salop Infirmary as the result of injuries which he received a fortnight before when he was knocked down by a motor-car. He was the eldest son of the Rev. J. W. Fletcher. He came up to the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1874, with a view to ordination. Previous to entering the University he had been admitted a solicitor. He graduated in 1877 and was ordained to a curacy at Holy Trinity, Oxford, in the following year. While at Oxford he began to show his aptitude for antiquarian research. In 1881 he published .4 Historical Handbook to Loughborough, which was followed in 1882 by a history of The Rectors of Loughborough. His History of Loughborough appeared in 1887. In 1882 he also made a useful contribution to Oxford history in a little work on The Blackfria:rs of Oxford. He left Oxford that year to become curate at St. John's, Hammersmith, and in the following year he moved to Holy Trinity, Leicester, where he stayed until 1885. During this time he was busily engaged on his favourite studies, and in 1885 published Notes on Ulceby, and the year after there appeared the first of his valuable contributions to genealogical history, Leicestershire Pedig,rees and Royal Descents.

From 1884 to 1900 he was Editor of the Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society. In 1885 he was appointed Vicar of St. Michael's, Shrewsbury, and thereafter Shrewsbury and Shropshire benefited greatly from his untiring researches into local history. He undertook an edition of Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury Liberties, which appeared in 1897. He became Joint Editor of the Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society.

He calendared the Shrewsbury Borough records and the MSS. in the Shrewsbury Free Library, the respective calendars appearing in 1896 and 1903. While he was Vicar of St. Michael's, Shrewsbury, 'he was Chaplain to the Prison. In 1904 he was appointed to

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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the vicarage of Oxon with Shelton, which living he held until his death. While he was at Oxon he added to his other historical activities by editing the Registers of the Shropshire Parish Register Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1888, and his care of Shrewsbury's rich store of records received fitting recognition in 1931 when the Freedom of the Borough was conferred on him . He was also the author of publications concerning Battlefield Church, The F amily of Drinkwater, and hi s own parishes of Shelton and Oxon, a short history of which appeared in 1929.

He was most reg ular in his attendance at the Annual Reunion of old members of the Hall and had been a member of the Executive Committee of the Aularian Association since its formation.

A stay in Oxford w,a s never complete for ¡him without a visit to the Bodleian Library. A devoted and accomplished antiquary, he was an Aularian who ably upheld the tradition of Andrew Allam, White Kennett, Thomas Hearne and Humphrey Wanley.

JAMES MADDEN FORD The Rev. James Madden Ford, B.A., died at Bracknell, Berkshire, on August 25, aged 78. He was the second son of the Rev. A. Ford of Roscrea, Co. Tipperary. He came up to the Hall as a Bible Clerk in Michaelmas Term, 1875 . On graduation he was ordained in 1879 to a curacy at St. Thomas', Seaforth, Liverpool.

After his ordination to the priesthood in the following year he became curate of White Roding in Essex. In 1882 he went to Ulster, where he was incumbent of The Diamond, Co. Armagh, from 1882 to 1885, and of Mullaghglass, in the same county, from ¡1885 to 1895. He returned to England in 1896 to the Rectory of Yate, in Gloucestershire, which he held for twenty-six years. In 1922 he was appointed to the Rectory of Callington with South Hill, in Cornwall, which he held until his retirement in 1929. He came to live at Streatley on the Thames, moving latterly to Bracknell. During the last few years he took full advantage of his proximity to Oxford to renew his connexion with the Hall, and the enthusiasm which he displayed on the Barge during Eights Week was most cheerfully expressive of the delight in the present successes of the Hall felt by one who belonged to an older generation.

FRANCIS EDWARD WATSON The Reverend Francis Edward Watson, 1\11.A., died at Salfords Parsonage, Redhill, on May 6, aged 65. For four years after leaving school. hf'! was a schoolmaster in Sunderland, . and then,

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with a view to taking Holy Orders, he entered the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1890. Lack of means obliged him to discontinue residence in the course of his third year. He came up again in rgo4 and graduated the next year. He was ordained two years later to a curacy at Holy Trinity, Maidstone. In lgo8 he moved to Staplehurst, Kent, and in 1915 to Horley, Surrey. In 1932 he was appointed curate-in-charge of Christ Church, Salfords. As a priest he was greatly loved in the parishes in which he wo;ked. He was . most devoted to the Hall. He came up with Mrs. Watson for Eights Week in 1934, and had intended coming up again this year.

Almost his last conscious act was to try and look at the picture of the Eight in the last issue of the Magazine. The J.C.R. has a lasting memorial to him in the grandfather clock which had been presented to him, and which Mrs. \Vatson has given in the hope that ' it may number for the sons of the Hall of St. Edmund hours as happy as those he spent among them.'

AVGUST FRED_ERICK JOHN DANNEMAN The Rev. August Frederick John Danneman, M.A., died at Bath on July 27. He entered the Hall in Michaelmas Term, l8g4.

On graduating in 1898 he went to Ely Theological College. He was ordained to a curacy at St. Mary's, Plaistow, in 1899, and two years later moved to All Saints', Lower Edmonton. In 1902 he went as curate to Marshwood in Dorset; in 1905 he went to Broadway in the same county, and twelve months later to Caine in Wiltshire. In 1907 he was appointed Rector of Calstone\i\Tellington with Blackland. He retired from this Wiltshire living in 1927 on account of ill-health and went to live in Bath. By his ready support of the Hall, and by his attendance from time to time at the Annual Reunion of old members, he gave continuing proof of his great interest in the Hall.

A.B .E. PERCY ALEXANDER WARRENNE SKINNER The Hall lost one of its most loyal and devoted sons when on the evening of Monday, August l2th, after a fortnight's illness, Percy Skinner, Vicar of Holy Trinity, Chester, died there in his 54th year . He came of a distinguished line, for he was descended directly from the two famous Bishops of Aberdeen, John Skinner (1744-1816) and William his son (1778-1857), who between them held that see from 1782 to 1857. Skinner's father was Town Clerk of Edinburgh for twenty-one years, and he himself came up from EdiriJ:>urgh Academy to the Hall in October, 1901. He was one of five freshmen-it was the day of small things. But what was lack-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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ing 111 quantity was made up in quality. He was physically a typical Highlander, tall and strong, entirely devoted to the causes that had won his allegiance, direct in speech and in act, and loya l to the core ; true to type, exactly like his ancestors who through hard and cruel days had held fast to the 'persecuted remnant,' the Episcopal Church of Scotland. The Hall won his loyalty and never lost it. As an undergraduate he rowed in the boat, he worked hard, he set an unflinchingly high standard. Never once did he cause the authorities a moment of anxiety. Yet he was delightfully human, with no trace of the prig or the smug about him.

Most of all, in those days, I recall his chivalrous devotion to his widowed mother. After keeping his residence, he went down and taught for a time. He took his B.A. a~d M.A . degrees in 1908.

He was ordained deacon in that year, and priest a year later, by the Bishop of Carlisle, and served his first curacy at Holy Trinity, Carlisle. He left it in 1911 to serve on the staff of the Bishop of Lichfield's Special Service Clergy. But he felt called to more direct parish work, and in that same year he was licensed to Holy Trinity, Chester, and to that parish he gave the remaining twentyfour years of his life, serving for sixteen years as assistant curate and then, from 1927, as Rector. The quality of that service was in part revealed by the humble but poignantly sincere records printed in the Chester Observer and in the parish magazine at his death, and by the fact that, although it was a week-day morning in a ¡holiday month, there were ' seventy communicants at the Requiem at 8 o 'clock on the morning of his burial.

Percy Skinner lived simply for other people, with the same utter devotion with which his ancestors had sacrificed themselves for the Church and for the Stuarts in Scotland years ago. In part, his last illness and death seem to have been due to the fact that he offered himself for blood-transfusion at the local infirmary, and after the last occasion, in answer to an urgent call, he was very much weakened. F ew knew of this, but it was exactly in line with Skinner's whole character. He never married . He was a vigorous member of the local Rowing and Tennis Clubs, and he was keenly devoted to foreign travel. On his holiday in 1933 he visited no less than seven European states, sleeping often in the open and walking hundreds of miles. This year he travelled to Danzig. Those were his recreations . But above all he was a devoted priest, eager to serve not only his parishioners but any who claimed his help.

Thus he was a leader of Toe H in Chester. He built a new Church, St. Chad-' s, in a new district of his parish ; and his churchwardens say of him, in a touching little memoir, that he was the type of

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clergyman 'that if we saw him coming along we would rather meet than get out of his way.' I first met Percy Skinner when he became my pupil in January, 1903; I met him last at the Reunion Dinner (at which he was a most regular attendant) on June 25 this year. Time had scarcely touched him, it seemed to me ; he was just the same frank, eager, entirely unspoilt character I had known thirty-three years before. The Principal told me that Skinner was going back to Chester by a midnight train that evening, and I remonstrated on this expenditure of energy. But he replied, with the eager enthusiasm I remembered well, that he must go; that he had a wedding at his church next day, and a burial also, I think . But he had rushed up to the Hall in prder to take part in its annual festa which he .l oved.

I doubt w:hether an y man I have known loved the Hall better or more devotedly than Percy Skinner. He represented directly the heroic Nonjurors and Jacobites of Scotland and thus, unconsciously, carried on a tradition in the Hall which in Francis Cherry and Thomas Hearne, to mention no others, has helped to make it what it is. Incidentally, Percy Skinner inherited among his heirlooms a banner which was handed to his great-great-great-grandfather by Prince Charles Edward himself after the battle of Prestonpans.

All that fine quality of loyalty and devotion which Percy Skinner inherited he gave to the Hall, excepting a higher loyalty still which made him consecrate himself, body and soul, to the Church of God. He spent himself in that service, without reward, and, it must be said, without official recognition. But his parishioners at Holy Trinity , Chester, recognised it, as the records of his death and burial show. It is a detail, but it is significant that his body was buried vested, inter alia, in his Master's hood-a last witness of his devotion to his University and, above all, to the Hall. He had known the Hall when it had only twenty-four undergraduate members in residence, and had cut 路路no figure in the Schools or on the river. But he was one of those loyal souls who had believed 路 in it and worked for it, and he lived to see his faith and work rewarded and justified a hundred~fold.

S. L. 0LLARD. EDWIN HARRY ROWE The Rev. Edwin Harry Rowe, M.A., died at his home at Hindhead on August 22, aged 59. He came up to the Hall from the Chancellor's School, Lincoln, in Michaelmas Term, 1go5. He graduated as a Bachelor of Arts ih 1909, and two years later was ordained to the curacy of St. Edmund's, Northampton. In 1914 路 he moved to a curacy at Christchurch, Hampshire, from which he

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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resigned in 1916. Owing to ill-health he was unable to v1s1t the Hall, as he wished to do, but was a most generous subscriber to the Endowment and Extension Fund.

WILLIAM ROBERT MARTIN vVilliam Robert Martin, M.A., died at Harrow on December 1, 1934, as the result of an operation for appendicitis. He entered the Hall, on release from the Army, in Hilary Term, 1920. During the War he served in France at Lieutenant in the 5th Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles (Special Reserve). He read for a degree in Forestry, and on graduation in 1921 was appointed to the Indian Forest Service. He was stationed for the most part in Assam, where he particularly interested himself in regeneration work. In consequence of his experience and knowledge of this important branch of forestry he was commissioned in 1932 to undertake a survey in the Andaman Islands. At the time of his death he was engaged in writing a working plan for these islands. Last year he came home on leave, and was within a month of returning to the East when the necessity for an operation arose. He will be remembered by his Aularian contemporaries as a very charming Irishman, full of a quiet humour, keen and capable in h.is work, who, coming up to Oxford aher more than three years of military service, entered readily into the corporate life of the Hall. His wife may be sure of their very sincere sympathy.

FRANK WALTER WILSON Frank Walter Wilson, B.A., died on July 27 in Hammersmith Hospital. He had entered the Hospital five weeks before, suffering from acute appendicitis, and after two operations succumbed to peritonitis. He came up to the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1925, from the Royal Grammar School, Colchester, a.s an Open Exhibitioner in Modern History. He was accompanied by his twin brother, William. For most members of the Hall the two brothers were indistinguishable from one another most of the time that they were in residence. The Wilsons accepted with the greatest good humour the consequences of their close resemblance to one another. On one occasion it had been arranged that the one should propose and the other oppose a motion at a meeting of the Hall Debating Society. The Society had to confess it;;elf outwitted when, unbeknown to the members present, one of the brothers acred both as proposer and opposer of the motion. Frank Wilson win be remembered by all who knew him as an undergraduate for his unfailing good humour and for the zest and fullness of his

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life in the Hall. He worked at his historical studies with great industry and came near obtaining a First in his Final Schools. As a schoolmaster he applied himself to his teaching with the same enthusiasm and ability, and was held in very high regard at the Holborn Estate Grammar School, where he was Senior History Master. It was characteristic of him that during his last days in hospital he maintained to the end his imperturbable cheerfulness, joking with doctors and nurses, apologizing to them for the trouble he was causing. Very great sympathy with his brother will be felt by all Aularians who were contemporaries with them both at the Hall.

A.B.E.

UT FAMA EST Sir Ernest N. Bennett (Vice-Principal, 1893-5) is warmly to be congratulated on being returned once again as M.P. for Cardiff Central. In the reconstruction of the Government after the General Election he relinquished his post as Assistant Postmaster-General in the interest of the promotion of younger men.

The cordial congratulations of the Hall are due to the Rev. Canon S. L. Ollard (Vice-Principal, 1903-13) on his a ppointment to a Prebendal stall in the Cathedral Church of York. It is very fitting that Canon Ollard, who has beer!'. Rector of Bainton for twenty years, a Proctor of the Northern House of Convocation, and Examining Chaplain to two successive Archbishops of York, should be given a stall in the mother church of the diocese which he has so dutifully served in these and other capacities. In consequence of this appointment, Canon Ollard has resigned th.e Honorary Canonry in Worcester Cathedral which he has held since 1912.

Two sermons preached by the Rev. Canon L. Hodgson (VicePrincipal, 1914-19) in St. Mary's when he was a Select Preacher to the. University (1933-35) have been published by Mr. Basil Blackwell under the title Democracy and Dictatorship in the Light of Christian Faith.

The cordial congratulations of the Hall are due to the Rev .

Canon R. Brook (Lecturer in Theology, 1905-06) on his appointment as Archdeacon of Coventry and Rector of Rugby. ¡ The Rev. A. E. Addenbrooke, Vicar of St. Stephen's, Cheltenham, has resigned his benefice.

The Rev. C. J. Beresford, Rector of St. George's-in-the-East, is warmly to be congratulated on his election as President of Sion College for the year 1935-6.

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33

The Rev. J. vV. Blair has been appointed an assistant priest at the parish church of Seaton Hirst, Ashington, Northumberland, of which the Rev. I. F. F. Webb is now Vicar.

Mr. W. W. J. Bolland was married on March 2 to Miss Helen Annand, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. David Annand, at the parish church of Stoke Climsland, Cornwall.

The Rev. G. H. Bode, Vicar of Fivehead, Taunton, has resigned his benefice and gone to live at West Moors, Dorset.

Mr. E. P. Brice is to be congratulated on the birth of David Pinder on July 12, 1934.

The Rev. A. D. Browne has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary's, Bryanston Square.

The Rev. W. L. Bunce has been appointed Priest-in-Charge of Coleshill, Amersham, Bucks.

Mr. E. J. R. Burrough has been appointed Appeal Secretary of the Greenwich Seamen's Hospital. He was married on November 9 to Miss EJ.aine Shelton Bliss at the Church of the Sacred Heart, Wimbledon.

The Rev. C. ¡F. Cardale has been appointed an assistant priest at the Parish Church, Leeds.

Mr. G. V. Carlin has been promoted Pay Lieutenant-Commander, R.N.V.R. The Rev. W. R. M. Chaplin has been appointed Rector of St. Peter's, Northampton, with Upton.

The Rev. W. S. Coad, Vicar of New Brighton, has been appointed Rural Dean of Wallasey.

The Rev. D. J. Cockle has joined the Oxford University Mission to Calcutta and sailed for India in November.

Mr. J. Fletcher Cooke was married on August 8 to Mis<> 1\fargaret Louise Brander at St. Jude's, South Kensington.

Mr. C. A. Coomber was married on August 10 to Miss Dorothy Gleadhill at Beverley Minster. .

Mr. M. du P . Cooper is to be congratulated on the publication of his study of the life and work of Glucli by Messrs. Chatto and Windus. He has been appointed Assistant Editor of The Geographical Journal.

Mr. F. E. R. Ducker has been recommended by the University Military Delegacy for a commission in the Royal Air Force.

Mr. B. M. Forrest has been appointed an assistant master at the Hulme Grammar School, Manchester. ¡ The Rev . J. D. Fox has been appointed assistant priest at St. Aldhelm's, Branksome.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. W. W. E. Giles has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies a Superintendent of Education in Tanganyika Territory.

The Rev. A. Goudge ·has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary's, Somers Town.

The Rev. W. D. Gower-Jones has been appointed Vicar of St. John's, Stand Lane, Radcliffe, Manchester.

The Rev. S. A. R. Guest has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at Holy ·Trinity, Redhill.

Mr. A. W. Henderson was married in London on September 2 r to Miss Maire Brigid Ignacia Caminonds.

Mr. C. R. Hiscocks is to be congratulated on being awarded the degree of Ph.D. at the University of Berlin. Since his return from Germany he has divided his time between the Institute of Foreign Affairs and a temporary assistant mastership at Marlborough. He joins the staff of Bradfield College in 1936.

The Rev. R . A. Hadenfeldt, assistant master of Sutton Valence School, has been appointed on ordination Chaplain of the School.

The Rev. Prebendary R. L. Hodson is to be congratulated on his appointment as Archdeacon of Stafford and Canon Residentiary of Lichfield Cathedral.

The Rev. H. H. Hook has been appointed to a curacy at St. Mary-de-Lode, Gloucester, and deputy-chaplain to H.M . Prison.

Lieut. A. C. Hordern has returned from India and is stationed with his regiment at Chester.

The Rev. J. B. C. Hordern is to he congratulated on the birth of Peter John Calveley on February 5.

The Rev. R. Horton has been appointed Vicar of St. John's.

Wortley, Leeds.

The Rev. P. T. Jefferson, who has returned to England after· thirteen strenuous years in South Africa, has been appointed Vicar of Bugthorpe, York, and private chaplain to Viscount Halifax.

The Rev. C. S. Jones has been appointed on ordination to a. curacy at Holy Trinity, Parr Mount, Liverpool.

The Rev. E. C. Lace, Vicar of Acaster Selby with Appleton Roebuck, has been appointed Rural Dean of Ainsty.

The Rev. W. J. Lancaster has been appointed Vicar of Overton,.

Lancaster.

Mr. N. A. H. Lawrance has returned from India after serving-for three years with the Dublin University Mission at St. Columba's College, Hazaribagh.

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35

The Rev. R. N. Lawson has been appointed Vica r of Walton, Stafford.

Mr. J. N. W. Leech (Inner Temple) has passed the Bar Final Examination.

Mr. P. N. Longridge has been at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green.

The Rev. L. R. McDermid has been appointed Vicar of Monk Fryston, Yorks.

The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Malmesbury has resigned the vicarage of All Saints, Bristol, and been appointed Rector of Brinkworth, near Malmesbury.

Mr. G. E. Marfe11 has been appointed Exhibition Secretary to the Architects' Association.

The Rev. M. M . Martin has been appointee! Rector of St. James', Colchester.

The Rev. A. E. Maund has been appointed Vicar of St. Paul's, Oxford.

Mr. G. M. "Mercer has been appointed an assistant master at the Grammar School, Blackburn. He is to be congratulated on the birth of Avril Helen on April 28.

Mr. W. J. Meredith has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies an Assistant Auditor in Tanganyika Territory. He sailed for E. Africa in September.

Mr. T~ V. Nicholson was married on October 26 to Miss Margaret Isabel Wightman at St. John's Church, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

The Rev. K. C. Oliver has been appointed Priest-in-charge of St. Chad's, New Yardley, Birmingham.

Mr. R. S. Orchard has joined the firm of Messrs. Merz and McLe11an, Consulting Engineer, and is at present in Galloway engaged on the construction of several water-power stations.

Mr. R. Orton has received a commission in the R .A.S .C. The Rev. H. W. Palmer has sailed for S. Africa to ~ake up work as assistant priest at St. Aidan's, Yeoville, Johannesburg .

Mr. P. C. Palmer has been appointed an assistant master at St. Lawran~e Co11ege, Ramsgate.

Mr. A. J. Phi11ips was married on April 29 to Miss Josephine Ne11 at St. Mary's, Woolnoth, Lombard Street. " . The Rev. E. L. Phi11ips has been appointed Chaplain of Dean Close School, Cheltenham.

The Rev. Prebendary E. Reid has been appointed Rector of St. Mary Arches, Exeter.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Mr. W. V. Reynolds is to be congratulated on the birth of Christopher Vaughan on February 18.

The Rev. D. V. Richards has been appointed Vicar of Eglwys Cummin, Carmarthenshire.

The Rev. F. N. Robathan, Minor Canon of Westminster Abbey, has been appointed Chaplain of Westminster Hospital.

The Rev. C. E. Roe, Vicar of St. Mary's, Buxted, has resigned his benefice.

The Rev. E. Royle was married on September 24 to Miss Elaine Ivy Merlin Nevard, daughter of Mrs. M. D. Spencer-Payne, at Southwark Cathedral. He has been appointed Vicar of the Lady Margaret Church, Walworth.

Mr. F. G . Roberts is to be congratulated on the birth of Elizabeth Margaretta on September 7, 1934.

Mr. B. J. Rushby Smith was married on December 20 to Miss Marie Louise Van Slooten at All Saints' Church, Rampton.

Dr. Percy A. Scholes is to be congratulated on the publication of Music: The Child and the Masterpiece, and The Radio Times Music Handbook by the Oxford University Press.

Mr. B. Seton has been a ppointed music master at Appleby Grammar School.

Mr. H. C. Shearman has been appointed Education Officer of the Workers' Educational Association.

The Rev . F. S. Strother has been appointed Rector of Monksilver with Elworthy, Somerset.

The Rev. F. J. Tackley has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary's, Gateshead. .

The Rev. G. B. Timms has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary Magdalen's, Coventry. ¡ The Rev. G. H. Tubbs has been appointed Vicar of Ide Hill, Sevenoaks.

The Rev. R. J. Vaughan has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at the parish church, Kingswood, Bristol.

The Rev. H. M. Viret has resigned the benefices of Badlesmere with Leaveland, near Faversham .

The Rev. I. F. F. vVebb has been appointed Vicar of Seaton Hirst, Ashington, Northumberland.

The Rev. E. R. Welles is to be congratulated on the birth of Katharina van Alstyne on New Year's Day and on the publicatiQn of A History of Trinity Church, Woodb¡r idge, New Jersey, 1698 to 1935, where he was Rector from 1931 to 1934.

Mr. D. H. Willson has been appointed to the staff of the library of the Royal Society of Medicine.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

37

Mr. H. S. 0. ' i\Tood has been working with the Group Movement in Denmark.

Mr. C. C. H. 'i\Torrall has been appointed an assistant master at the Grammar School, Richmond, Yorks.

The Rev. P. W. Worster has been appointed Rector of Lowick with Slipton, Kettering.

The following Aularians living abroad have been in England ¡ this year: -Mr. H. Beresford Barrett (Burma), Mr. H. A. Blair (Gold Coast), Mr. A. W. Henderson (Cuba), Mr. L. D. Henderson (S. Rhodesia), Prof. G. W. Knight (Canada), Mr. H. A. Max'.well (Burma), the Very Rev. the Dean of Nairobi (Kenya), Mr. D.S. P. Noakes (Malay), Mr. A. J. Phillips (Nigeria), the Rev. J. H. A. Rusbridger (S. Africa), Mr. P. J. Sandison (Sudan), Dr. F. D. Walker (U.S.A.).

We have gathered the following particulars concerning those Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the Ma.gazine: Mr. I. E. N. Besley has been recommended by the University Military D elegacy for a Commission in the Army.

Mr. D . W. Bigley has been appointed to the Malay Customs Service.

Mr. S. E. Bradshaw has been appointed to the Treasury Department in Nigeria, and is at present stationed at Kaduna, Northern Provinces.

Mr. H. F. Cook is reading for the Diploma of Education at the University of Sheffield.

Mr. W. G. Fallows is at Ripon Hall.

Mr. D. Floyd has obtained an appointment 111 the firm of Messrs. John Lewis.

Mr. G. A. Forrest (Gray's Inn) is to be congratulated on being proxim.e accessit in the examination for the Barstow Scholarship.

Mr. J. E. Frame is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. J. H. Hodson spent Michaelmas Term at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green.

Mr. C. C. Hughes has been appointed an assistant master at Exeter School.

Mr. J. H. S. Jenkins has been appointed to the Malay Customs Service.

Mr. L. W. Kennan has been recommended for a commission by the University Military Delegacy. He expects to be gazetted to the Royal Army Service Corps.

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Mr. J. Lawless has obtained an appointment with Richard Johnson and Nephew, Ltd., Bradfield Iron Works, Manchester.

Mr. H. G. Llewellyn has obtained an appointment with the Asiatic Petroleum Company.

Mr. E. E. Lowe has been a ppointed an assisnant master at the Grammar School, Haverfordwest.

Mr. K. D. Luke has been appointed to the Malay Education Service.

Mr. ]. McDonaugh has been appointed an assistant master · at Ampleforth College.

Mr. 0. J. Matthews is at Ripon Hall.

Mr. A. Monkman has been appointed an assistant master at the Royal Grammar School, Lancaster.

Mr. K. Mortimore has been •appointed an assistant master at the County School for Boys, Sidcup.

Mr. H. E. Packer has been appointed an assistant master at Stamford School.

Mr. S. F. Parsons has been appointed an assistant master at Christ College, Brecon.

Mr. S. H. Rumsey is at the Bishop's Hostel, Lincoln.

Mr. I. M. Sciortino has been working with the Group Movement.

Mr. E. W. Slaughter has been appointed an assistant master al Harrison College, Barbados.

Mr. B. B. \i\Tard has been appointed a n assistant master at King's School, Worcester.

During the year the following Aularians have been ordained : Deacons. -A. D. Browne (London); A. Goudge (London); S. A. R. Guest (Southwark) ; R. A. Hadenfeldt (Canterbury) ; C. S. Jones (Liverpool) ; E. L. Phillips (Gloucester); F. J. Tackley (Durham) ; G. B. Timms (Coventry); R. J. Vaughan (Bristol).

Priests. - Rev. A. D. Bailey (Lincoln) ; Rev . H. Hedley (Carlisle); Rev. P. S. Hordern (Portsmouth); Rev F. J. Wood (Manchester).

A REGISTER AND INDEX This number of the Magazine is the fifteenth and concludes the Third Volume. We owe it to the industry of Mr. L . W. Kennan that an Index to the first three volumes of the Magazine has been prepared, and with it a Register of the Officers of Hall Societies and Clubs. The preparation of the Register is a matter of some difficulty, as it is ·n ot possible from records preserved in the Hall

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

39

to make these lists complete. Already several Aularians have filled many of the gaps in the lists in response to the enquiries that Mr. Kennan has been making. In ma ny cases the letters which Mr. Kenran has received have contained, in addition, interesti ng d etails about the activities of Hall Societies and Clubs in Victorian days.

There are still the following gaps to be filled (the dates given are inclusive) : STEWARDS OF THE ).C.R.: 1896-1902 : 1905-1909.

CAPTAINS OF THE CRICKET CLUB: 1887: 1893-1898 : l89g-1 9 IO. CAPTAINS OF THE ASSOCIATION FoorrBALL CLUB: 1888-1897: 1899: 1901-2: 1908: 1914· SECRETARIES OF THJ;j CHESS CLUB : 1885: 1888: 1890--1909: 1923-1930.

Will a ny Aularian who can help to fill any of these g·aps communicate with the Editor of the Nlagazi111e .

It is proposed to issue the Reg ister and Index with the Nlagazin.e next year. The Editor of the Magazine ·will be grateful if Aularians who wish to have copies (they will be s upplied gratis) will let him know on the enclosed post-card.

Any Aularian who wishes to complete his set of copies of the Magazine can do so at the cost of one shilling a copy, if he will make application to the Editor.

SOCIETIES, 1935 DEBATING SOC IETY. HILARY TERM, 1935 · P.resident-F:.. D . L UKE. Vice-President -].].

Sec·r etary- ]. C. CAI:-<.

Q u r:-;x.

At the first private business meeting it was decided to restrict meetings during term to six. This alteration in the constitution, together with the election of S. H . Rumsey to the o ffice of Grand Patriarch, seemed to express adequately the determination of the Society to maintain from the outset a high standard in its debating.

The term opened auspiciously with a visit from the Senior Common Room of Dr. Hunt and the Chaplain. The motion , however, 'that the British national character owes little to the South ' did not provoke the heated controversy which some members had expected. While W. S. Mills left the House in no doubt as to his own attachment to the North, Dr. Hunt, being a 'Midlander,' resorted to compromise, and so the relentless logic of the Chaplain prevailed with a victory for the opposition. We were greatly

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indebted to Dr. Hunt and to the Chaplain for their visit and for their excellent speeches.

Throughout the remainder of the term the Society never forswore its early ideals, although it lived its Monday evenings for the most part at its ease with a nibble of biscuit, a draught of cider and 'a puff of pipe.

One evening, in the absence of most rowing-men, it decided that the prior position accorded to rowing among University sports was unmerited, and this despite the blush of a Leander tie on a back bench. It next became serious and swept enthusiastically into political polemics, quickly dispelling the notion that politics should be left entirely to the Union. D. Floyd fought the contention that the revolutionary game is not worth the candle with such tremendous passion that P.H. Rogers, the proposer, spent nearly as long upon his right of reply as upon his speech, and the House was so impressed that it voted Floyd a right of rejoinder.

Having waxed heated and aggressive, the Society now chose to spar prettily with St. John's College Debating Society. Ultimately nonentity was voted preferable to notoriety, but only after many clever speeches from both visitors and members. The atmosphere that night was gay and voluble, and everyone spoke trippingly o'er the tongue for longer than usual. This, the first visit from the St. John's Society, was a success to be repeated.

Towards the end of term a joint debate with St. Hilda's College was held .in the Dining Hall on what might have seemed to be a counsel of despair - ' that Life is at best only second best.' But no one could have called the House defeatist after the lively debating from both sides. I1.1 deed, much time was spent in condemning the obscure pessimism of the motion.

The best meeting of the term was concluded with a variation of sharp practice. Members were asked to assume the personalities -of shipwrecked celebrities and plead their claims for rescue to the captain of a ship which could not carry them all. The House preferred Laurel and Hardy at liberty to Mussolini and Hitler uncon"fined, and were deeply touched by the husky appeal of Greta Garbo.

Since it is difficult to particularise the spirit of debate, I would ¡ Jike to express gratitude to a loyal group of supporters who haV-e guarded its genius assiduously. Though their names may be unrecorded, they will recognise themselves here.

For Michaelmas Term, 1935, J. J. D. A. P. lVI. Quinn was elected President, J. C. Cain Vice-President and J. C. Stephenson Secretary.

K.D.L. ¡

I

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MrcHAELMAS TER~r.

Presidenit-J. J. QUIN!\.

Vice-President-]. C. CAIN. Secreta r'Y - J. C. STEPHE1\S01\.

The term opened â&#x20AC;˘veil with a very original discussion on the relative merits of nudity and prudery, to which the inimitable Mr. Kennan contributed enough wit to last an average Society for a year. J. Plant in his maiden speech gave promise of an eloquence and grace which the gentlemen Freshmen as a whole have more than maintained. None the less, the House preferred to cast off neither clothes nor cant. With the next debate the House turned to more serious matters; the contributions of the artisan to society were weighed against those of the philosopher and poet and found wanting. This was a most successful Freshmen's Debate.

That Aunt Sally of all debating societies, the National Government, was next examined. W. H. Mitchell made out a most amazing case for the practical honesty of political trickery and very nearly won the day, but the deep-rooted moral convictions of the House proved too much for him. The Society generously sacrificed its next meeting to lend all the weight of its authority to the newly inaugurated Moot Club, and, if we may, we should like to hold up Mr. Tylor's summing-up on that occasion as a model of clarity "¡hich all future debates should try to emulate.

The last meeting of the term was spent in the pleasant surroundings of the Home Students Hall, where the personal ch<i.rm of the Vice-President so equally matched the eloquence of his opponent that the debate ended in a draw.

At a private business meeting the following officers were elected for Hilary Term: President, J. C. Cain; Vice-President, ]. C. Stephenson; Secretary, R. L. Sharp.

J.J.Q. ESSAY SOCIETY. HILARY TERM,

1935.

President - P. C. BIRKINSHAW. Hilary Term essays have an air of finality. The second reason for this is found in the wisdom of B.A. 's so shortly to be. They are mellow and humorous, for they know , persuasive and dexterous for they have a more exacting tribunal in mind. Their wisdom is graved in rock and they speak through hoar mists. This term was no exception, and the Society greatly appreciated its successive Pisgah trips.

F. H. H. Finch's 'Thou shalt not kill' scrutinised the death penalty. His argument advanced steadily between crowds of cheer-

I ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

ing statistics and quotations and concluded with an appeal for less barbaric methods of curing the homicide. The Society wondered whether even humanitaria ns might not lose their heads.

L. G. Holmes showed himself a sparkling and effective demag og ue. Under the' Tattered Banner' we crusaded against' Dora' and at every siege Holmes led the assault with his brig ht pen.

Sex, drink, censorship, gambling and all the frowning fortresse s of Puritanism fell before the ram of his confident appeal to human decency. A happy nig ht.

0. J. Matthews in 'The Sword of God' dismissed his title in two lines and went on to a copious review of Arabic culture . The richness a nd fertility of Islam in our dark ages nourished almost every branch of Western knm,vledge from law to ceramics, and the essayist was particula rly successful in relating what was fami liar to us with what he was making us familiar with .

'They leave one Stone unturned ' was a fine plea for reason and sympathy in politics. C. C. Hughes found the Utopian and the mecha nistic approaches intolerable. Man, good but irrational, was the stubborn a nd humorous creature politicians serve. Marx forgot this and is no guide. There is class, said Hughes, but it is bad only when the material is elevated above the moral.

W . G. Fallows' account of Robert Owen's 'New Harmony ' co~plemented Mr. Hughes' essay . He showed how social, relig ious and racial forces split the good intentions of a communist state. His maxim, like that of C . C. Hughes, was 'Consider the data .' Organise, but do not deny man's love of property, and let it be directed towards social benefit. This is the true resolution.

T. J. Childs, ex-President, delivered one of those provocative, erudite , esoteric essays which have made the Society regard him as its sage . 'Art and P sychoanalysis' cannot be kept apart hut have to be conjoined with care. Covert meanings of every sort were simply yet astonishingly revealed, enriching, as T. J. Childs emphasised, but not usurping the place of fuller appreciation of art .

P. C. Birkinshaw was re-elected President for the Michaelmas Term.

P.C . B. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-P . C. BIRKINSHAW. This term the Society's tactics in discussion have changed.

Our guerilla methods have g one. We used to lurk in the hills and fall with savage glee upon the lonely phrases and hints of an essay, almost unconsciously admitted by the essayist, who was often the most puzzled by them. But now it is pitched battle that we love . The heady conceit of making a point for a point's sake-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

43

exquisite inanity-we have r ejected. We labour together for truth.

A large contention is hammered to a conclusion, and armed therewith we have flung ourselves upon the main corps of our suasor.

Hence a new intensity of di scussion which must be credited to th e Society as a whole, with particul ar honour to the brave indivictuals who week by week have outfaced it.

A. C. Bailey delivered an Olympic chastisement of ' Common Readers.' Hi storica lly, '0, what a fa lling -off was there' from John Bunya n to Ethel M. Dell. The arcana are still preserved among the highbrows . But we shall need all our resolution to conquer this flood.

J. L. Pinniger' s ' The Wind and the Rain' was a counterhlast to anti-vivisection . Surgeons have a g reater care than the one that kills cats, and those whose business it is to alleviate pain are not likely to inflict it casually. Pinniger reduced the arguments of the ' a ntis ' to absurdities and blew them away like chaff.

'Galsworthy' was sympathetically examined by G. Y...T .

McNaught, a nd the Society, frowning upon what he said, had to smile with him because he s¡a id it so well. This produced a twohour consideration of style, a very eggshell but a proof of the Society's honour.

J. C. Adamson is, of course, a n authority, a nd we were glad to hear him on ' Amateur and Theatre. ' He drew an ingenious distinction between a mateur and professional actors but had a struggle afterwards to prove it was not artificial. There was a battle of hair-splitting which even the essayist' s most oracular judgments could not still .

A. L . Crowe wrote a sensitive study of T . E. Lawrence. He translated Lawrence of Arabia into terms '\vith which we have more sympathy, traced the tempering of his mind and rescued him from the shelf of heroic myth.

The President's essay on ' Impressionism' was an a ttempt to estimate the motive force of realism in art and to show how Cezanne was more than a supreme realist.

For next term A. C. Bailey was elected President.

P.C.B. JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY .

HILARY TERM, 1935¡ President-A. M. URQUHART. Secretary-]. C. C. SHAPLAND. It was decided to attempt to make the readings of the Society during the Hilary Term representative of all ages of dramatic art.

The first meeting of the term was devoted to 'The Frogs,' by

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Aristophanes, translated by Professor Gilbert Murray, and proved that the Society had indeed benefited from a good classical education.

Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Knight of the Burning Pestle' provided a thoroughly amusing evening.

Perhaps Bernard Shaw's 'Candida' was the most disappointing play of the term.

The fourth meeting consisted of two plays, ' Everyman' and ' The Riders to the Sea,' a one-act play by James Syme, a morbid though dramatic story of Irish life.

'The Country 'i\Tife, ' by Wycherley, was entertaining but takes too long for a single meeting.

The sixth meeting of the term was a joint reading with St. Hugh's College Dramatic Society of C. L. Antony's 'Touchwood,' which proved a great success.

The Society entertained the Vice-Principal and the Chaplain at a reading of ' Antony and Cleopatra,' by William Shakespeare.

For the last meeting, the Principal was present for perhaps the most enjoyable reading of the term, 'The Moon in the Yellow River,' by Denis Johnston. The play is a commentary upon the place of industrial development in Western Ireland. ]. C . C. Shapland was elected President and 0 . T. Brown A.M.U. Secretary for the Trinity Term.

TRINITY TERM.

Sec¡reta:ry - 0 . T. BROWJ\".

President- J. C. C. SHAPLAN D .

It was decided to continue the practice of holding three meetings during the Trinity Term. ' The Circle,' by Somerset Maughan, provided an enjoyable evening's entertainment.

'The Dominant Sex,' by Michael Egan, was successful in spite of the small attendance.

The last meeting of the term was held in St. Hugh's College ].C .R. by invitation of their Dramatic Society. 'The Anatomist,' James Bridie, was read.

A. J. Beck was elected President and B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave Secretary for Michaelmas Term.

J.C.C.S. MICHAELMAS TERM .

President-A.] . BECK .

Secretary-B. W. CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE. The term opened with a reading of Ronald Mackenzie's 'Musical Chairs,' followed by Ibsen's 'Master Builders,' which, although it

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45

produced an atmosphere of strength and brooding, proved something of an enigma to the members .

The third meeting of the term was held in the J .C.R. of St. Hugh's at the invitation of their Dramatic Society. The play read was Clemence Dane's 'Will Shakespeare,' which turned out too long to finish, much to everyone's disappointment.

The next play was Noel Coward's 'Post Mortem,' followed by Kaufmann and Hart's ' Once in a Lifetime,' which, owing to the large number of parts, was very difficult to cast. â&#x20AC;˘ At the sixth meeting of the term the Society read O'Neil's ' Beyond the Horizon,' and then ended off the term with ' Othello,' which was by a long way the best read and most enjoyable meeting of the term.

B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave was elected President and E. G. Curtis Secretary for the Hilary Term.

A.J.B. MUSICAL SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, I935¡ President-H. H. E. PEACOCK. Secretary-E . F. A. SUTTLE. The chief event to record for the past year's activities is the formation of a gramophone section. This began tentatively with a first recital on Saturday, November gth, Ig34, in T. R. Jackc;on's rooms. In spite of the rather doubtful quality of the instrument and records hired, the enthusiasm of the fifteen members present was sufficient to warrant the continuance of the recitals, and two more were held in the same quarters before the end of term. At the latter of these a committee was proposed to deal with matters arising out of the meetings, and it was decided that it should consist of the President and Secretary, together with F . W. Dawson and H. G. Dawber.

At the beginning of the Hilary Term the Society's struggling existence was given great impetus by the assistance of the Principal, who most kindly offered, at fortnightly intervals, his drawingroom and his own fine instrument for recitals. With such support the gramophone section flourished during this term and drew large attendances. Its membership rose to thirty.

The Trinity Term saw a natural falli.ng off in numbers, but three recitals took place and they were all very much appreciated.

We should like to take this opportunity of thanking the Principal sincerely for his personal interest in the Society.

HILARY TERM CONCERT. An informal concert took place in the Dining Hall on W ednesday, March 13th, at 8.30 p.m. The J .C.R. piano was conveyed,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE with considerable effort and injury, from its customary position m the ] . C.R. to the Hall, and forms and chairs were arranged to accommodate those who supported the meeting with their presence.

The concert opened with Purcell's 'Golden' Sonata for two violins and pianoforte accompaniment, very ably and artistically rendered by H. H. E. Peacock and M. J, D. Carmichael. This was followed by woolly performances of part-songs 'Where'er you walk' Handel ' Blow away the Morning Dew' Traditional by a somewhat amateur collection of Hall tenors and basses. Con- â&#x20AC;˘ siderable amusement seemed to be caused among cert:ain members of the audience who (not without some reason) were seen to hide their faces and stroke their beards simulating a pensive and appreciative attitude.

A sonata by Mozart for four hands was the next item, and this was played adequately, though not brilliantly, by F. L. W. Eade and E. F. A. Suttle.

After the interval H. H. E. Peacock and M. ]. D. Carmichael played a Bach sonata for two violins. The last movement was unfortunately marred by a false start, but otherwise the work was given a most musicianly rendering. Two more part-songs followed: ' Winds gently whisper ' Whittaker, ' Old King Cole ' Traditionoa,l.

The latter was evidently in the right vein and was sung admirably and very properly 'encored.' Mention should be made of the excellent conducting of the President. Two more pianoforte duets Minuet from Symphony in G minor } lltf ozart . Gartnerm . aus L"1ebe , 0 Verture : ' D ¡le brought the evening to a close.

The concert as a whole was most successful, and afforded a pleasant evening for those who came.

EIGHiTS' WEEK CONCERT.

On Saturday, May 25th, at 8.30 p.m. the Eights' Week Concert took place in the Quadrangle. Two extremely good artists were secured, and in spite of several counter-attractions a large audience presented itself. The weather relented to the extent of providing one of the warmest afternoons of the term, and a cool breeze was the only discomforting feature of an otherwise perfect evening.

Mis:; Coleman discovered the art of open-air singing from the outset, and her first two songs were rendered with that charm and perfect intonation which is so difficult in music of this sort and

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

47

under such condition s. In 'I love thee,' by Grieg, we were prov ided with just the right balance of expression and unaffected simplicity, and in 'Five Eyes' an amusing morsel in which one could not help being impressed by Mjss Coleman's extraordinary clearness of diction.

Next, Mr. L. P. Gerrish, of Keble College, played two pia noforte solos : 'Romanesque' Tobias Matthay .

'Waltz Paraphrase' Strauss-G,r iinfeld.

Mr. Gerrish showed that he possessed a sound technique, supported by a clear sense of artistic propriety. The Waltz Paraphrase in particular, a musicianly and well-knit composition on themes of Johann Strauss, was played brilliantly. We hope to have the pl easure of hearing Mr. Gerrish again in the near future.

A group of folk-songs sung by Beatrice Coleman followed: Iri sh : 'A Ballymure Ballad ' ) H 1 arr. ugies.

'I know where I'm gom'' Hebridean: ' An Eriskay Love Lilt' ) , â&#x20AC;˘ ,, , K" h , G JI arr. I1.ennedy-Fraser.

1s mu 1 s a ery' H ere again Miss Coleman showed excellent aesthetic taste, and any tendency to over-sentimentality was notably absent. In spite of a few troublesome gusts of wind, which threatened on occasion to carry the pianist's music far away, we were trea ted to~ most creditable rendering.

After the interval, eight dancers, suitably attired in the kilt and sporran of their respective clans, gave a performance of eightsome and foursome reels to the piping of R . C. Hastie Smith. This was the most popular event of the evening, and its appreciation was well merited by the quality of the dancing and piping. The evening was thus brought to a delightful close.

Our very grateful thanks are due to all who contributed to the success of the concert, particularly to the dancers, who gave a great deal of time in preparation, and also to the Manciple and Scouts, who once again succeeded in supplying us with excellent refreshments during the interval.

. r

.

1

GENERAL MEETING ';

At the annual general meeting in the President's room on Tuesday, June rnth, 1935, at 9.0 p.m., B. F. A. Geoghegan was elected Secretary and the Secretary was elected President for the year 1935-36. The existing gramophone committee was dissolved and a general committee formed to deal with the various branches of the Society's activities. It consisted of the new Presi-

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dent and Secretary, R. G. Pusey, H. G. Dawber, R. C. Hastie Smith, M. ] . D. Carmichael and J. C. Stephenson. The general meeting was followed by a committee meeting at which the development of a madrigal branch was discussed. It adjourned at 10.30 p.m.

E.F.A.S. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-E. F. A.

SUTTLE.

Sec·r etary-B. F. A.

GEOGHEGAN.

The Michaelmas Term Concert was given in the Dining Hall on \i\Tednesday, December 4th, after dinner, and drew the largest attendance for some years. The proceedings opened with a Sonata

by Handel for two violins and pianoforte, played by H. H. E. Peacock, M. ] . D. Carmichael and E. F. A . Suttle. D. M. M. Carey then gave a rendering· of Bach's chorale-prelude, 'Mortify us by Thy Grace,' and a movement from one of the French Suites.

Two movements of a trio for violin, 'cello and piano by Gade followed, .and these were most ably performed by M. J. D. Carmichael, H. A. F. Radley and E .. F. A. Suttle. The first half of the programme was brought to a close by the singing of Elizabethan madrigals by four members of the Part-song Society, ] .

Rashleigh, B. F. A. Geoghegan, J. E. Rutherford and R. G. Pusey.

It was clear that a good deal of time had been devoted to their rehearsal, and the result was a well-balanced and most artistic performance.

An innovation this year was the serving of coffee in the ] .C.R. during the interval, and thus refreshed we returned to Hall to hear an adequate but not outstanding performance of a Mozart minuet movement by H. G. Dawber (who managed a difficult instrument most effectively), A. C. Jenkinson (viola) and D. M. M . Carey (pianoforte) . S. R. Dunlap then gave a very brilliant rendering of the Waldstein Sonata. He possesses an extremely fine technique, and it was a pity the piano did not respond more readily to tonal ·nuances. He is quite the best pianist the Hall has had for some years, and is a most welcome newcomer to the ranks of the Musical Society.

Finally, the Society gave its usual virile rendering of partsongs. These again had been well rehearsed and well finished. In particular, 'Dr. Foster' (a parody upon the style of Handel) was .excellently sung and appreciated by .all.

As a whole the concert was a success, and all who took part should be congratulated. A special word of praise is due to those gentlemen of the Hall who came along in such numbers to give .the Society their support.

E.F.A.S.

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49

THE MAKERS. HILARY TERM, 1935.

President-C. C. HUGHES. Secreta·r y-J. C. ADAMSON. The Society entertained as its first visitor Mr. A. L. Rowse, Fellow of All Souls, who read a paper entitled 'War and the Psychological Argument.' He attacked Aldous Huxley's Beyond the M exique Bay and its attitude of hopeless resignation. The bases of war, Mr. Rowse said, are not psychological but economic, and it is in the very nature of Capitalism to create, if not actually to urge strife among nations.

The speaker's solution to the problem lay in Socialism, which he explained with vitality and thoroughness, and illustrated with sallies against many of the great public figures of to-day.

The ensuing discussion showed that the majority of the Society were not converted, but Mr. Rowse's wide knowledge quickly silenced his interlocutors.

On March 5th Mr. E. J. O'Brien spoke to the Society on 'The New Spirit in American Literature. ' He made clear the vital changes in America,n prose and verse during the last twenty years, showing that before 1914 the general tendency of writers was to regard their work as an outpost of English literature with a long English tradition behind it. But the year 1914 and the years immediatedly succeeding it, saw the birth of a new Eterature essentially American in origin and style. This Mr. O'Brien illustrated by readings from Lindsay, Masters and Frost.

Finally he considered the poetry of Paul Engle and read an extract from a work which is not yet published. 'In him,' he said, 'lies great hope for the future vitality of American letters.'

The Magazine Meeting was adequately supported. I. L. Serraillier's poems were very much appreciated.

The following elections were made for the next term : President, J. C. Adamson; Secretary, B. vV. Cave-Browne-Cave.

B.W.C.-B.-C. MICHAELMAS TERM. President-] . c. ADAMSON . Secreta·r y-B . vV. CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE. On October 22nd Mr. John Moore read a paper to the Society entitled ' Modern Entertainment : the link between the Novel, the Film, the Stage and the Microphone. · · First then the novel-Mr. Moore put forward a theory about the difference between the novel past and present and then drew ·a . rather vague boundary line between what he termed fairy-tale n?vels, which included Ethel M. Dell and detective stories, and the ·in ore serious minded work written by men like Huxley.

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The condition of the stage, he told us, was shaky and not likely to last very long. As for the film, it was not yet sufficiently mastered as an art to be capable of producing anything great. Lastly the microphone, which Mr. Moore admitted failed to move him. Something very vital seemed to be missing. Finally he studied all these forms of entertainment as an unity, and a.ttempted to visualise a single form of entertainment combining all four, which he prophesied would take place in the future .

Mr. Nevill Coghill, Fellow of Exeter College, took as the title of his talk ' Importance : in Art.' He began by making an analysis of the position of Art in life to-day, showing us how little importance is attached to it in England.

From here he digressed into an exposition of the roots of artistic creation, dividing them into Fancy and . Imagination; then once more returning to his subject, he suggested three uses for Art : as a medicine-for inculcating an idea-and as Entertainment. All these he carefully illustrated and embroidered.

After a lengthy discussion, which was mostly occupied with the musical quality of poetry, the meeting was adjourned.

The Magazine Meeting produced contributions by the President, G. R. Shield, F. H. H. Finch, J. C. Cain, M. H. Miles.

The following elections were made: President, B. W. CaveBrowne-Cave; Secretary, M. H. Miles.

B. W. C.-B.-C. LIDDON SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1935 .

Chai¡r man-J . .E. FRAME. Secreta¡r y-F. MARTIN. The first speaker this term was the Rev. G. Gillett, and his su~ject 'The Modern Challeng e to Liberty,' liberty being defined as freedom from restraint.

Mr. Gillett deplored the fact that liberty, which until the end of the nineteenth century was steadily increasing, was now disappearing in many countries. He pointed to Russia and Germany as countries in which personal liberty was, to a large extent, nonexistent.

As an example of the utility of freedom he mentioned the Prohibition Laws of America, saying that these laws had not stopped drinking, but had produced a great wave of crime. On the other hand, when the la ws were repealed crime diminished but there was no ev idence of an abnormal increase in drunkenness.

The second meeting of the term was held on Sunday, February 2+th, when the Rev. H.P. Kingdon, Fellow and Chaplain of Exeter College, read a paper on 'Idea of the Holy.' The speaker main-

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tained that there was a connection between Supreme Beauty and God. He pointed out that art, in itself, was not in the lea<;t religious or sublime, religion being far more than art.

His conclusion was that the point where Beauty, Truth and Goodness all met was in God. This paper, we were informed, was. written soon after the speaker had taken ' Greats,' and was consequently a very learned one. However, any difficulties which his hearers may have experienced during the reading of the paper were quickly elucidated by Mr. Kingdon in the discussion which followed.

The final meeting was held on March 10th at which M. F. Cooper addressed the Society, his subject being 'Christianity or Chaos.'

The matter of the talk may be summed up briefly : Church and State have become divided, and the Church has become inc~'pable of administering its own rea lm. Those who desire advice on social matters can no longer go to the Church, but must seek it elsewhere.

Not unnaturally , this attitude provoked a lively discussion, a g reat many shades of opinion being voiced.

At this meeting there were elected : Chairman, F. Martin; Secretary, V. M. Spencer Ellis.

The Society was unfortunate in that the Rev. P . E. T. Widdrington , who was to have spoken, was prevented from doing so by illness.

Finally, mention must be made of the two Corporate Communions which the Society attended on January 31st and March 7th. ¡ F .M. 0

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Cha.i rman- F.

MARTI N .

Secretary - V.

M. SPENCER ELLIS.

This term the Society had four meetings : three papers were given by 'outside' speakers and one by an undergraduate. As is usual at the beginning of a year, most of the subjects treated were points of practical Christianity, and there was only one paper of a purely theological nature . ' The Relations of Church and State in Germany' were described and explained by the Dean of Chichester at the first meeting. The Dean, from his own. observations in Germany, outlined the position of the Lutheran and Roman Catholic Churches, and showed the effects of National Socialism upon both parties.

The Dean of Divinity, Magdalen College, was our next visitor, and we were treated to a stimulating and controversial paper about ' The Maker of Heaven and Earth .'

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Those persons who were so rash as to¡ criticise the spelling of the notice of the subject for the next paper had their doubts removed when J. F. R. Westlake ~Brasenose) informed the Society that he had taken the title from a well-known Church newspaper. ' Mother Church goes Hopping ' was a vivid account of the conditions prevailing in the hopfields of Kent, and of the missionary work of the Church in those parts.

The last speaker of the term was Canon V. Spencer Ellis, who chose for his subject the vital problem of 'The Purpose of the Church.' The prophetic function of the Church was stressed, and it was clearly shown how foolish it is to say that the Church should not interfere in politics.

A great contribution to the success of the meetings was the adequate accommodation which we enjoyed, and the Society is very grateful to the Vice-Principal for the loan of his room.

V. M. Spencer Ellis was elected Chairman and J. L. Mortimer Secretary for Hilary Term, 1936.

V.M.S.-E. DIOGENES CLUB. 1935.

P¡r esident-P. C. BIRKINSHAW. Secretary--G. W. McNAUGHT. The first, and most stimulating, meeting of the term was addressed by Mr. G. E. Thomson of St. John's, who read a sparkling paper on 'Me and the Mass.' Mr. Thomson drew a mental picture of Diogenes in his tub and said that he was shirking his political and social obligations. Giving a short history of these obligations as conceived by the Greeks, the men of the Middle Ages, and modern political thinkers, he concluded his paper by urging the necessity of meeting man's negative needs, such as food and clothing, and his positive needs like a share in his government. In an impromptu appendix he complained of the fact that modern governments place man's sex life under strict regulations, but do not teach him how to control it. Turning to Art, he stressed the need of a new audience. The discussion which followed dealt with the difficulty of sex education, and the eternal question ' What makes man war against his neighbours? ' At the next meeting R. D. Hodgson opened the discussion on ' The Threat to the Theatre.' He complained of the fact that today the people who go to the theatre are attracted by the stars in the cast, and he urged a more intellectual approach to the .theatre, supporting his thesis by examples from the plays running in London at the time. In the absence of J. C. Cain, who was to have followed, discussion broke out immediately and soon developed HILARY TERM,

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into an argument between supporters of the stage and those of the screen.

The third meeting of the term was unusual. A. C. Chakravaty of Balliol was the guest of the Club and spoke on Rabindranath Tagore. The work of this poet, said Mr . Chakravaty, was based on a culture entirely new to the vVestern world, and was therefore almost impossible to translate into English. This was in part appreciated by the Club when the speaker read aloud two of Tagore's poems, and the members experienced for themselves the magic of his music.

The Hilary Term ended with a discussion of' Russian Morality,' opened by A. M . Urquhart and A. L. Crowe . The former took a conventional view of sexual relationships and family life : the latter expounded the moral ideas of Karl Marx and Mr. Bertrand Russell.

A necessarily academic discussion of sex and family life followed.

A.L.C. MICHAELMAS TERM. Prestdent-G. \IV. McNAUGHT. Secreta·r y-A. L. CROWE. After a vacation passed with the shadow of war hanging over us, it was appropriate that the first meeting of the term should be devoted to the problems of racial antipathy and the need of nations to expand. On October 26th, \IV. S. Mil.l s and M. C. English opened the discussion on ''Vhite, Black or Yellow ? ' The first speaker gave an historical sketch of racial antipathy from that of the Greeks to the Persians to that of Aryans to Jews. War was inevitable unless we cast out our inherent fear of others nations and recognised the right of every race to self-determination. M. C. English stressed the fundamental equality of all men irrespective of race or colour. N egroes, for example, attained the highest honours in American universities. He recapitulated the causes of hatred, and admitted that there are many difficulties in the way of international co-operation; but he ·could visualise a time when the races of the world .made a cultural alliance, the more civilised helping the less.

J. B. Harvey opened the next discussion, which was on ' The Artistic Temperament.' He dealt with the subject from the point of view of the artist, who makes for himself a scheme of thingsa generalisation which works. ·Consequently small things are more important for him than for other folk, and he is more upset when things go wrong. J. C. Cain followed him and treated the question from the external point of view. He tore the veil of temperament from pseudo-artists and revealed them in their true nature.

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Qualification for a temperament was high for Cain. The discussion which followed centred more on the artist than his temperament.

At the third meeting of the term F. L. W. Eade opened the <:Iiscussion on ' Hell Company' from a materialistic point of view.

He sketched the history of the twin conceptions of God and the Devil, H eaven and Hell. J. C. Stephenson opposed him on theological grounds, affirming the reality of Hell for those who denied God in life. Where else could they go? He also gave examples, from his own experience, of demoniac possession. After a discussion of the age-old question of personal immortality, no definite conclusion had been reached when the meeting adjourned.

The last meeting of term dealt with a similar subject-' Black Magic.' B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave sketched the history of magic, giving the rival theories of Tylor and Frazer as to its origin. Was magic separate from religion, or was it merely an early form of religion? Certainly they were separate now ; magic was an evil and not a beneficent force. The speaker thought that psychologically Frazer was right, and that religion had developed from magic.

A . C. Bailey discussed Black Magic as practised in Mayfair to-day.

It was a throw-back, due to boredom, a dislike of rationalism, and the fascination of evil. It was vaguely sexual and flaunted a taboo.

Hence its popularity in over-sophisticated circles. The ensuing discussion was hampered by members' lack of personal experience of magical phenomena.

A.L.C. LES DIX-HUIT. LE TRIMESTRE DE PRINTEMPS, 1935.

President-A. M. URQUHART. Secretaire-F. L. W. EADE;.

On n'a Ju ce trimestre que deux pieces, a savoir, 'Le Medecin malgre Jui' de Moliere, et 'L'oiseau bleu' de Maeterlinck, piece qu'on a trouvee si long ue qu'on a du y consacrer deux seances. II faut avouer que peu de gens ont assiste a ces dernieres reunions.

L'on s'est done decide a dissoudre Les Dix-Huit en faveur d'une societe plus generale, 'The St. Edmund Hall French Society,' qui ne se bornera pas a lire des pieces frarn;:aises, mais qui s'occupera aussi de plusieurs sujets d'un interet plus repandu. Nous souhaitons a Ja nouvelle societe un succes digne de l'enthousiasme qui l'a engendree.

A.M .U. THE FRENCH SOCIETY. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1935.

President-F. R. RAw&s.

Secretaire-G. J.P. CouRTXEY. La Societe Frarn;aise a ete fondee en juin 1935; elle a eu pour objet de fournir a ceux qui en ont besoin des occasions de parler

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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franc;:ais, et pour etablir des liens plus intimes avec Ja France et la civilisation franc;:aise. Nous croyons pouvoir affrmer avec raison qu'elle a bien reussi a cet egard. Car, des le moment OU !'on apporte le cafe, tout le monde se met avec enthousiasme a causer en franc;:ais avec son voisin ; in utile de dire qu' ii arrive bi en des lacunes dans la conversation, lorsque chacun cherche furieusement le mot juste. Mais, malgre tout, nous faisons chaque semaine des progres, dont nous avons le droit de nous feliciter.

Nous voudrions temoigner notre reconnaissance a M. le Docteur Hunt, qui, des Jes premiers jours de !'existence de la Societe, nous a. toujours prete son aimable concours.

La Societe a eu le plaisir de recevoir ce trimestre deux visiteurs distingues. C'etait grace aux efforts du Dr. Hunt que M. le Professeur Rudler est ven u faire une causerie sur ' La Vie en France.' M. Rudler a traite son sujet de plusieurs points de vue, et apres ii a repondu a des questions qu ' on Jui a posees au cours d'une discussion.

Apres toute une journee passee a telephoner a son hotel, le comite a reussi a trouver au bout du fil Mlle. Yvonne Arnaud, qui a promis de venir causer avec Jes membres de la Societe. Le lendemain, le President et le Secretaire sont alles en taxi chercher Mlle. Arnaud, et l'ont amenee en marche triomphale devant une assemblee de jeunes gens qui auraient pu embarrasser la vedette la plus blasee. Mais, pendant une heure et demie , Mlle. Arnaud a raconte d'une maniere (osons-nous le dire?) in time beaucoup d'histoires qui nous ont enchantes.

La Societe a tenu aussi trois debats sur Jes su jets suivants : ( 1) 'Que la tranquillite de la vie privee est a preferer a I' eclat de la vie publique'; (z) ' Que Jes Americains sont Jes elus de Dieu'; et puis (3) 'Que Ja dictature, c'est la democratie parfaite,' avec le concours de la Societe Franc;:aise de Jesus College. Ces debats ont ete surtout amusants, et ont tous provoque de vives discussioi1s.

A la premiere reunion de Ja Societe, MM. Merifield et Shergold ont raconte leurs experiences en Allemagne pendant Jes vacahces; malgre leur enthousiasme pour Jes Allemands, ils n'ont pas reussi a faire des con\'ertis au N azlisme.

Quelques semaines plus tard M. Andre Brandicourt, un jeune P arisien, a fait un causerie interessante si.Ir ' La France et la conflit Italo-ÂŁthiopien.'

Au cours du trimestre on a lu une piece, ' Le Barbier de Seville.'

Le comite a ete compose de MM .. Dawber, Stowe et Merifield.

M. G. J. P. Courtney et M. L. I. Stowe ont ete elus President et Secretaire respectivement pour le trimestre prochain.

F.R.R.

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THE MOOT CLUB. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1935·

President-G. BARKER.

Secretary-F.

Vv.

DAwso:-:.

For the first time the number of those studying Law is sufficient · for the formation of a Moot Club independently within the Hall.

At the first meeting during this term the officers were elected and a programme of one moot and one debate announced. An invitation to become regular guests at our meetings was extended to the members of St. Catherine's Society, with whom a club for the same purposes functioned jointly several years ago.

The Principal inaugurated this venture by giving a dinner to our Law Tutor, Mr. T. H. Tylor of Balliol, and the four counsel who were that evening arguing the first moot. F. W. Dawson and J. F. l\[artin represented the plaintiffs, and G. Barner and G. M. Burnett the defendants, in a slander and libel action, 'Dai Jones v.

Sam Tolloway,' heard in the Dining Hall before the Club and members of the Debating Society as guests. Mr . Tylor, the Master of the Moot, deli vered a most instructive judgment, awarding his decision to the plaintiffs on both counts.

The debate held later in the term questioned the merits of requiring niens ·rea as an essential element of criminal liability. Able discussions were presented by four freshmen, A. \1\l . vV. Watson and J. \i\T. Dowding farnuring the resolution and T. W. King and C. L. \i\T ard in opposition.

Two meetings have already been arranged for next term, including a fixture with the Young·er Society of Balliol, Prof. H. F. Jolowicz of University College, London, leading the moot. F. \ll.T. Dawson was elected President for the Hilary Term and J. F. Martin Secretary.

G.B.

CLUBS, 1935 THE BOAT CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1935· Ca ptain.- P. H . ROGER S. Secretary-A. M. URQUHART. Training for Torpids started on the Friday before full term.

After some preliminary work in tubs, a second Torpid was put on, and soon began to show signs of drive, but very little else. The First Crew, consisting of Boiu. F. L . W. Eade 2.

A. L. Crowe 3. A. R. Duncan Jones

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4. G. A. H. Rainbow 5. vV. J. H. Liversidge 6. T. E. M. Ashton 7.

L. T. Podmore Str.. A. M. Urquhart Cox. G. ]. P. Merifield, went into trammg at Medley in the second week of term, and worked hard at longish stretches of paddling. The Second Crew had the Barge to themselves, and except for an occasional challenge to the First Crew, stayed on home waters. The First Crew showed the beneficial effect of long and hard paddling when they r eturned to the Iffiey Reach, and found they could return fastish times without rowing themselves out. .Their final course, in 7 min.

8 sees., in difficult conditions, showed that they were well above the normal standard for Torpid crews; but that was to be expected owing to the new 0.U.B .C. regulations permitting second year Eightsmen to row in Torpids.

Starting at seventh position, the Hall bumped Balliol II and University fairly easily, but had to go harder after Christ Church and Magdalen; and found Balliol, who were pressing New College for th e headship, too fast for them. They raced extremely well, and surprised many critics who did not expect to see a light crew go fast, so high in the First Division.

The Second Crew triumpha ntly justified its experimental existence by making six bumps. Starting fourth in the Fourth Division, they bumped Magdalen I II by default, Balliol III and Hertford II easily, St. Peter's H~ll II after a long fight, Queen's III and vVorcester III easily. The crew consisted of:-· Bow. W. H. Mitchell 2.

E. L. Wright 3. G. A. Hughes 4· J. F. Martin :i· G. vVorth 6. ]. C. Stephenson 7. M. C. English Str. D. R. Tassell Cox . ]. C. Cain .

This double success was celebrated by a most enjoyable dinner given by the Principal to the First and Second Torpid.

Soon after Torpids the First Eight went out two or three times, with M. D. Kirkwood of Balliol as substitute for ]. P. Burrough (who was rowing in the University boat), to see if a heavier boat was needed; but the Hall boat proved more satisfactory than the heavier one.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE TRINITY TERM.

Training for Eights started a week before term at Chiswick.

The Ibis B.C. very kindly offered the Hall facilities for training on the tideway, and their hospitality made it possible to get a fortnight's training done in a few days. Mr. R. C. Sherriff's coaching was very stimulating, and the crew resumed training at Medley feeling that most of the rough stuff had been worked off. The order of rowing was not finally decided until just before the races, for the Second Crew were fast and a week before the races could give the First Crew a long chase for a practice bump. The First and Second Crews were finally settled as follows : FIRST VIII. Bow. A. M. Urquhart 2.

T. E. M. Ashton 3· P. Witherington 4· S. E. Bradshaw ]. P. Burrough :i· 6. I. M. Sciortino 7· W. ]. H. Liversidge Str. P. H. Rogers Cox. G. J. P. Merifield SECON[) VIII. Bow. F. L. W. Eade 2.

A. L. Crowe 3· G. Worth 4· 0. T . Brown 5· A. R. Duncan Jones 6. ]. F. Martin 7· L. T. Podmore Str. G. A. H. Rainbow Cox. ]. C. Cain.

Coach- P. Witherington.

Owing to the previous term's innovation of a Second Torpid, there were a number of men left with nothing in particular to do.

They voiced their objections to this state of affairs with such determination that a Third Boat had to be put on to keep them quiet; and, once put on, it began to show signs of pace, and finally justified itself by bumping New College IV, Merton III, Trinity III and Oriel III. The crew consisted of:Bow. W. H. Mitchell 2. ]. D. Carr 3. F. W. Dawson 4. J. H. Hodson 5. D. M. Thomas 6. J. C. Stephenson 7. M. C. English

THE FIRST TORPID, 1935.

F. L. \1\1. Ead e, G. :\ . H. Ra inbow, A. R. Dun ca n-J ones , .\ . L. Crewe.

T. E. M .. \ shton, P. H. Rogers (coa ch), A. M. U rquh a rt (str o /? e), L . T . P odmure, W. J. H . Li versidge, G. J . P. Merifi eld (cox).

J.

THE SECOND TORPID, 193:;. 'vV. H . Mitchell , A. C. Bailey, J. F. Ma rtin, C. A. Hugh es , C. Steph enson, P. H. R ogers (Capt. of Boats), _D. R. Tassell (stro/? e), M. C. English, G. Worth, J. C. Ca111 (cox).

THE FIRST E I GHT ABOUT TO BUMP UN IVERSITY I. Mond ay, May 27.

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, Str. E. L. Wright Cox. T. P. Hamerton.

Coach-F. L. W. Eade.

The Second Crew, starting well down in the Fourth Division , were far below their standard, and missed their six bumps only by bad luck . Magdalen III, St. Catherine's II, Worcester III, St. Peter's Hall II and Hertford II fell to them easily.

The First Crew, after a promising spell of work at Medley, came back to home waters with quite a reputation. But they never seemed to get the most out of themselves, and though they went up, they left their coach feeling that there was more pace to be had if only it could be harnessed. Exeter were strongly backed to catch them, but fell off after the first day and were never a serious danger. The first good row was on the Monday, when a really determined first minute at 40 brought down University at the Gut. This was followed up by catching 'i\Torcester about the same place next day. Trinity, who caught Brasenose ofter a long struggle , were well away from them when they bumped. The Hall now stands eighth in the First Division.

We have been very lucky in havi ng Mr. R. C. Sherriff to coach ¡ u s. He found our style stiff and ponderous, but managed to instil a little tideway zip into us by Eights.

After Eights a m eeting of Colours was held, at which the following elections were made for the ensuing year :-Captain, A. M. Urquhart; Secreta¡ry, J. P. Burrough.

P.H.R. HENLEY, 1935.

For the second time the Boat Club was able to send an VIII to Henley, thanks again to the generosity of the Aularian Association, who defrayed the greater part of our expenses and to whom we are exceedingly grateful. Training started a week after Eights , but, as is almost inevitable, Schools deprived us of the services of three m en until the very end of term. In the previous fortnight, however, we were by no means idle and gained valuable experience of racing abreast when we defeated St. Edward's School by two lengths over a ' Marlow ' course on the Godstow Reach.

Our first few outings at Henley were not entirely satisfactory, and after experimenting indecisively for a short while the following order proved final : Bow. P. 'i\Titherington 2.

T . E. M. Ashton 3. 'i\T. J. H. Liversidge 4. S. E. Bradshaw 5. P . H. Rogers 6. I. M. Sciortino

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7. A. M. Urquhart Str. J. P. Burrough Cox. G. J. P. Merifiekl.

Spare 1nen-L. T. Podmore, G. Worth, G. A. H. Rainbow.

The crew soon settled down, and in practice races against other crews acquitted itself extremely well. We could have done, however, with an extra week's training .

As last year, we met with stiff opposition in our first race.

Selwyn had finished third in the ' Mays' at Cambridge, and were stroked by Laurie, who had led Leander to a record-breaking victory in the previous year, besides stroking the winning Boat Race crew in April. Although we were able to lead them for the first three minutes by rowing at a higher rate of striking, the extra length and poise of our opponents enabled them to draw away over the last half of the course, and we were well beaten by two lengths.

Mr. R. C. Sherriff was again responsible for most of the coaching, and on the few occasions on which he was unable to make the journey over from Kingston, Mr. J. C. Cherry of B. N .C. proved an able substitute. To both of them we should like to express our gratitude, and regret that their efforts were not crowned with greater success.

It must be something of a disappointment, also, to those who have so generously made it possible for us to take part in the Regatta in the last two years that ort neither occasion have we been successful. Not ' only, however, has the rowing experience been most valuable both to the VIII and to the spare men, but ~n ann ual visit to Henley seems essential if the Club is maintain the reputation which it has acquired on the Isis in recent years.

A.M.U.

to

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain -A. lVI. URQUHART. Sec.retary- J. P. BURROUGH. With the majority of last year's VIII still in residence, our prospects for the year were bright ; but we wer~ unfortunate in being unable to call upon the services of Mr. R. C. Sherriff, who has been in America, but who will, we hope, be able to give us some help in the summer. In the coaching of the Coxless IV his place was taken by Mr. A. M. Emmet of St. Edward's School, to whom we are very grateful for the time he spent with us. We started training a week before the beginning of term, and eventually settled down in the following order : Bow. A. M. Urquhart 2.

T. M. F. Rogers 3. W. J. H. Liversidge Str. J. P. Burrough.

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\Ve were again handicapped by the size of our boat, for it was much too small for us : we were never able to control it well, and consequently none of us rowed at his best. In the races, we drew a bye in the first round, defeated Magdalen II in the second round by 7t seconds after a good race, but succumbed in the semi-final to their first boat, who beat us by 12 seconds.

A week later three crews competed for the Mawdesley Fours Cup, which was won by 'B' Crew, consisting of]. W. Hurford (bow), R. E. Lyth (2), P.A. H. Farrant (3) and P. W. Smith (str.).

The standard of rowing was higher than last year, and considerable keenness was shown, as witness the fact that 'C' Crew expressed their desire to race although they had only had one day's practice.

Owing to the small entry last year, the 0. U.B.C. Committee decided to abolish the Clinker Fours Competition, which was deemed 'unprofitable rowing experience' and a deterrent to e.ntries for the Head of the River Race. The Hall, therefore, had to surrender the cup which it has held for the last two years, and which is in future to be given to Freshmen's Sculls.

For a considerable time the Hall had five representatives in Trial VIII's-J. P. Burrough, T. M. F. Rogers, T. E. M . Ashton, W. ]. H. Liversidge and G. ]. P . Merifield-of whom the lastnamed is to be heartily congratulated on his Trial Cap and his brilliant cox ing of the winning crew in the Senior Trial VIII' s Race.

From the beginning of term one Clinker V III had been out fairly regularly : soon after half-term a second appeared, and a week later a third. Of these , the first two went into training in the middle of November, and subsequently entered for the Head of the River Race at Radley. The final order of rowing was as follows: FIRST VIII. SECOND VIII. Bow. D. M. M. Carey Bow. ]. D. Carr 2.

E. L. Wright 2. ]. W. King 3. P. \Vitherington 3. C. deN. Hill 4. P. W. Smith 4. G. A. H . Rainbow 5. J.P. Burrough 5. M. C. English 6. T. E. M. Ashton 6. D. R. Tassell 7. A. M. Urquhart 7. W. H. Mitchell Str. L. T. Podmore Str. ]. F. Martin Cox. A. P . L. Slater.

Cox. ]. M. Sowerby.

The First Boat practised for three weeks on the Gods tow Reach, which we had .found preferable last year to the overcrowded Iffiey Reach. L. W. Kennan was our main source of inspiration with his fine collection of tow-path similes, ¡ and we are very grateful to him for the pains he took with us. A bare week before the race

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we went down to Radley, where Mr. L. T. Watkins, of Radley College, took us in hand and did ia lot to make us move faster in the short t.i me at his disposal.

The Second Boat derived much unmerited publicity from its accident during the floods. While turning above Iffley Lock the boat was caught by the stream and swung against a moored raft, losing ten feet of its bows. As several accidents occurred to other boats on the same day, the daily Press took notice, and the Secretary was able to concoct a report which did great credit to his imagination ! As far as their rowing was concerned, however, the Second Boat were well together and developed a hard leg-drive under the guidance of a number of coaches, including L. W. Kennan, G. J.P. Merifield, the Secretary and P . Witherington.

In the race both boats acquitted themselves well, the First-Crew starting sixth and finishing third in 13 min. 48 sees., only four seconds behind the winners, and the Second Crew starting twentyseventh and finishing sixteenth in 14 min. 12 sees. This latter performan~e is particularly praiseworthy, as the Second Boat beat a number of first boats, including Christ Church and B. N .C. A feature of the term has been the keenness a_n d cheerfulness ~hown throughout: the 'enjoyment of rowing' has been realised by more than the usual small minority. Those who rowed in the Head of the River Race gained from it considerable experience, which should prove an invaluable foundation on which to build, next summer. . A.M.U. THE CRICKET CLUB. Secretary- D. G. T. HICKS. Captain - E. T. HALSTEAD. This term the weather interfered with many of our fixtures.

Some had to be scratched completely, while others had to be abandoned after an hour or more's play. As usual in a Summer Term, Schools made it impossible for many of the third year members of the side to play regularly . Fortunately we were well supplied with good reserves, and the side was never seriously weakened.

The results of the First XI matches were very satisfactory. Of nine matches played, five were won, two drawn and two lost. There were two very enjoyable away games, against Kingswood School and against Eltham College, both of which were won. The Second XI also had another successful season, winning five of the seven matches played.

Of the performances of individuals, D. G. T. Hicks, E. T. Halstead, A. J. Healey and R. Bagnall batted consistently well;

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

6;,

of the bowlers \V. A. Nield, D. G. T. Hicks and R. Byrom were most successful.

Our thanks are due to those members of the Hall who, although not usually active members of the Cricket Club, have nevertheless played on occasions when it has been difficult to raise two sides on the same day.

Colours have been awarded to J. A. Brett, J. C. E. Hayter, R. Bagnall and F. R. Rawes. At a Colours' meeting, J. H. P. Hall was elected Captain and J. A. Brett Secretary for next season.

In former years a cricket side, the ' Teddy Bears,' under the management of various Aularians, has had very enjoyable tours in Yorkshire during the summer vacation. Unfortunately this year the side was given little support from present members of the Hall.

We feel that it would be a great pity if the 'Teddy Bears' were to drop out of existence, and we hope that in future years present members of the Hall will find it possible to join in the tour.

J.H.P.H. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1935.

Capta:in -T. P. HAMERTO:\.

Secretary -D . G. T. HrcKs. Coming into residence on the Monday before term started, as has now become their custom, the Hall X\" settled down to some really hard practice at the rate of two squashes a day, under the able coaching of the Rev. C . F. Cardale.

After some difficulty in forming a three-quarter line, a XV was produced which, if a little below the standard set by previous Hall XVs, showed no signs of letting down the excellent reputation' that the Hall has built up for playing good football.

The first Cup match, against Corpus, was eagerly awaited, and produced a surprise win by 59 points to o. The Hall defence was never seriously tested, and the score mi_ght well haYe been higher.

This victory brought the Hall face-to-face once again with their old foe, B.N.C. In this match our opponents, playing brilliant football, completely outplayed the Hall, and showed up to the full our weakness at half and three-quarter. Great credit was rlue to the forwards for their noble fight against Yery heavy odds, though they were unable to prevent the game ¡ going against us to the extent of 30-0.

The rest of the games of the term provided little excitement, for as a result of the usual anticlimax and the claim of Schools the First and Second XV's were seldom representative, though they never failed to give a good account of themselves.

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At a Colours' Meeting¡ D. G. T. Hicks was elected Captain and J. L. Pinniger Secretary for the coming year. Colours were awarded during the term to D. M. Thomas, R. Bagnall, J. A. Brett and L. W. Kennan.

During the term J. A. Brett played regularly in the University pack. J. A. Brett and J. L. Pinniger also went on the University Tour.

I should like to take this opportunity of thanking all who have supported us on the field and on the touch-line, and in particular those who came up early to help the XV in their practice. Our speci-al thanks are due also to the Rev. C. F. Cardale for his generous efforts in the early days of our training-.

T.P.H. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Ca.ptai111-D . G. T.

HICKS.

Secretary-]. L.

PIN:-!IGER.

The Rugby XV has made a successful start this season ; el~ven . of the fourteen matches played have been won and threr. lost.

Although the Greyhounds have made frequent demands on the side and injuries have kept several players off the field, we have ahvays been able to field a strong side.

In the League we have finished head of the Second Division.

The first few matches provided us with easy victories; Oriel, playing fourteen men, were beaten 36-o. This ¡ was followed by wins over Magdalen and Worcester by 22-6 and 35-0 respectively.

The match against New College provided a riot of scoring, for in two short halves we scored '48 points. Jesus and Hertford were beaten 22-3 and 13-6; an excellent game against St. John's was lost 0-3.

A large number of games this year have been scratched, and this added keenness to the ordinary College fixtures. The Civil Service were played in the Parks, and we won 14--9 after an excellent game. The weak Hall side acquitted itself very well at Bromsgrove and lost by 13 points to 6, a margin that flattered the School.

The Second XV have only had _s ix games, all of which have been won.

In the First XV the pack has always played well. J. L. Pinniger and R. C. Hastie-Smith have done wonders in the tight. The strength of the eight has lain in its excellent backing up and play in the loose. At half-back and in the three-quarter line constant changes have been made, so cohesion among the backs was not _to be expected. At fly-half J. H. P. Hall has played consistently well.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Twenty or more players will be in residence a week before term, when the Rev. C. F. Cardale will again be coaching the side.

Congratulations to J. A. Brett on the award of his Blue and to J. L. Pinniger and R. A. Cooper on being elected to the Greyhounds.

D.G.T.H. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB .

HILARY TERM, 1935.

Cciptain- K. D. LUKE. Secretary - J. LEE. The captaincy of the Soccer Club was taken over by K. D. Luke during this term, as E. E. Lowe unfortunately had to absent himself from the Hall in connection with the Diploma Course of Education. After disposing of \i\Tadham by two goals to nil, we met the redoubtable B.N .C . Although we drew first blood and put up a noble fight, we went down by five goals to one, a creditable performance, since B.N .C . continued their victorious career throughout the contest. In the Cup-tie matches Lowe proved a valuable asset to the side, and we are grateful to him for coming up from London to play for us. After our exit from the Cup, J. Lee was appointed Captain for Michaelmas and Hilary Term of 1935-36, with G. M. Burnett Secretary.

J.L. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain- J. LEE. Sec·r etary- G. M. BURNETT. The new academic year always brings hopes of budding Soccer players, and this year quite a few Freshmen have turned out for the Club. Several Second XI games have been played, and the advantage of running a second team is undoubtedly great, for a good First XI must always have sound reserves to call upon. Of the Freshmen, J. McManners and H . Taberner have played often In the First XI, but two welcome discoveries this term were made in A. J. Healey as a full-back and J. N. Shaw as a goalkeeper.· Both these players have rendered stalwart service to the Hall side this term, and both have been awarded colours. A. J. Healey has the distinction of being a full-back of both the Association and Rugby Football Clubs. In the absence of J. Lee, the Captain, who has his time fully occupied playing for the University, G. M. Burnett has led the side this term. Under his able leadership the side has ·scored exactly fifty per cent . of the total number of points gained from League matches. Nine League games have been played, four have been won, and one drawn. Perhaps the most cheering match of. the term was against B.N.C., when we won 4-2._ G.M .B .

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THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1935 .

Ca.ptain-R. F. BURNETT. Sec路r etary-R. G. PUSEY. The marked improvement of the team during the Michaelmas Term was carried on in January until, by the date of our first round of the Cup-tie, we felt confident of giving a good account of ourselves. Trinity, our opponents, had two Blues and an imposing array of Occasionals, while we had none of either, 路 but nevertheless it was a very even game. They scored during the first half, and thoug h we had quite as much of the game we seemed unable to finish off passing movements effectively. R. D. Hodgson. was par" ticularly brilliant at centre-forward, and gave the Blue who was marking him a very busy time. The half line, hitherto the weakest link in the s.i de, stood up pluckily to cleverer opponents, and by dogged tackling and hard hitting broke up most of the Trinity attacks, while our full-backs were treated with respect. A. T. de B. Wilmot in goal made some fine saves, and the second goal, scored about twenty minutes after half-time, was due to bad luck rather than bad judgment. The forwards backed up Hodgson splendidly, and the whole side played at the路 top of their form, very gallantly to the end, not at all dismayed by the individual brilliance of their opponents.

The fact that we were out of Cup-ties so early had rather a relaxing effect on the team for the rest of the season, but we had some good games, notably one against Heyford R.A.F. A feature of the season's hockey has been the tremendous enthusiasm of those members of the side who had hardly touched a stick hefore they came up, and had the additional handicap of being moved to strange positions during this year.

The regular team was :-A. T. de B. Wilmot (goal); R. F. and M. Burnett (backs); J. H. Hodson, J. Boothroyd, I. E. N. Besley (halves); D. W. Bigley, R. G. Pusey, R. D. Hodgson, T. L. G. Packer, S. H. Rumsey (forwards).

Officers for next season :-Captain: R. G. Pusey; Hon. Secretary: J . H. Boothroyd.

R.F.B.

G:

MICHAELMAS TERM. Captain-R. G. PUSEY. Sec路r etary-J. H. BooTIIROYD. At long last, after a period of comparative barrenness and mediocrity of talent, the fortunes of the Hockey Club have improved, for we have three Freshmen who, together with six of last year's Colours, combined to present the framework of a very useful team. J. Rashleigh was unlucky not to have been given a Fresh-

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men's Trial. J. Lyth and A. M. Reid, however, were succeo;sful, and were soon afterwards elected to the O .U. Occasionals. R. G. Pusey was given a Senior and J. L yth a Final Trial.

The season's prospects were encouraging, though we were unfortunate to start the term with a succession of three losses. This was partly due to the fact that our best talent was playing in Trial g ames, arid partly to the fact that we were not yet combining- well.

Cheltenham Town rather confused our forwards' attempts at scoring by playing three backs. But after this game we remained undefeated throughout the term. We were unfortunate in not getting the experience of playing sides better than ourselves; this was due to a miniature ' rainy season ' which caused nine matches to be cancelled.

The game against the Aularians was a great success, though T. G. C. Woodford was unable to raise as g ood a team as he had hoped. We hope to make this match an annual fixture.

The main lines for improvement lie in harder and more accurate hitting by the half-backs, and in the inside forwards falling back to help the halves in defence.

Will all Aularians who wish to play in the match a g ainst' the Hall in 19j6 please get into touch with T. G. C. Woodford. The game has been provisionally fixed for October 31st or November 7th.

Results. - We lost to Magdalen, 1-4; New College, 2-3; R .A .F . , Upper Heyford, 3-6; Cheltenham Wednesday, 3-4. We won against Lincoln, 6--2; Graduates, 4-1; Balliol, 6--4; Queen's, 3-2; Witney, 2-1 ; Isis, 4--0; Christ Church, 3-1; Wycliffe Hall , 2-1 ; Keble, 6--3 ; Banbury, 9-1 ; Exeter, 6--4; Jesus, 3-1.

The match against the Aularians resulted in a fitting draw at 3-3.

The Second XI also has had a successful term, and its changing personnel has shown considerable keenness. Of the ten games that they played they won six, lost three, and drew one. There is evidence of good talent to be mobilised in the future.

R.G.P .

THE ATHLETIC CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1935.

President-H. G. EDWARDS. Secretary-R. A. CRUSE .

This term the Athletic Club was chiefty 'occupied with the JnterColleg e Sports. Little difficulty was experienced in the heats, but we were unable to keep pace with Queen's or B.N.C. in thefinalsnevertheless a creditable performance for our first and probably last appearance in the First Division, since 1936 will see the inauguration of a ' knock-out ' system in Cup-ties. With this new

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order m force clubs will need more whole-time members, with a view to improving standards in the 0. U .A.C. In the Inter-College Sports, Division I, H. G. Edwards was first in the Three Miles and second in the Mile and J. N. Shaw first in the Pole Vault.

The Hall was represented by H. G. Edwards in the 'Centipedes' team entered in the U.A.U. Cross-Country Championships, and by H. G. Edwards and R. A. Cruse in the Three Miles and Mile respectively in the match against Cambridge at the White City on March 23rd.

Colours were awarded to J. F. Martin, S. W. Harrison, E. F. A. Suttle, 0. J. Matthews and S. H . Rumsey.

R.A.C. TRINITY TERM.

The only event of this term was the Hall Sports. Owing to weather conditions, the programme had to be abandoned and completed at a later date : it is the first recorded occasion upon which the annual Hall handicap meeting has been a ' two-day fixture.'

The results were as follows : 100 Yards.-1, J. N. Shaw (4yds .); 2, J.P. Gutch (7yds.).

220 Yards.-1, J. N . Shaw (8yds .); 2, J. E, Frame (2yds.).

440 Yards.-1, H. G. Edwards (35yds.); 2, J.E. Frame (15yds.).

88o Yards.-1, R. A. Cruse (scratch); 2, J. E. Frame (35 yds.).

Jav'eli111 (President's Sealed Handicap).-1, T. A. Littleton (S ft.); 2, R. A. Cruse (scratch).

Weight.-1, J. F. Martin (scratch); 2, T. R. Jackson (1 ft.).

High Jwmp.-1, J.P. Gutch (4!ins.); 2, J.C. E. Hayter (Sins.).

Long ]ump.-1, J.E. Frame (it ins.); 2, T. A. Littleton (scratch).

H. G. Edwards and R . A. Cruse represented the University in the U.A. U. Championships at the White City and against the A.A.A. of Great Britain in the Three Miles and Half-Mile respectively.

R.A.C. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-R. A. CRUSE. Secretary-]. N. SHAW. We were unfortunate this term _in being unable to raise a team for the Inter-College Cross-Country Cup, but fared with far better success in the Inter-College Relays. Althoug h prospects were hardly bright, the team-work was excellent and we finished (:qua! third with Trinity in Division II, Balliol and Exeter being equal first. We qualified in every final except one, and were placed first in t_h e Sprint Medley (2 x 220 yards and 2 x 440 yards) after a thrilling duel with_Worcester, and third in the 4 x 100 Yards Relay.

The teams were : Sprint Medley. -E. M. Roberts, E. F. A. Suttle, K. R. W. Miller, R. A. Cruse.

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4 x 100 Yards Relay.-J. E . Frame, E. F. A. Suttle, J. N. Shaw, K. R. W. Miller.

R. A. Cruse represented the University in the Four Miles Relay against Cambridge on November 3oth .

Colours were awarded to E. M. Roberts.

R.A.C. THE LAWN TENNIS CLUB. BESLEY. Secretary-ÂŁ. F. FoxTON. The activities of the Tennis Club were greatly restricted by rain. Out of a long list of fixtures, only ten first and six second matches were played. The majority of these, the ordinary college fixtures, however, were won . This year, too, a great triumph was scored when the First VI managed to defeat a strong Aularian side captained by C. Lummis.

In Cup-ties the First VI met its usual sad fate. We drew Trinity in the first round, and in spite of some closely contested rubbers, only managed to win one out of the nine played. But the Second VI .made history when it beat Lincoln in the first round of the Cup-ties. The match was a ding-dong affair, not for a moment lacking in interest, and it finished at 8 p.m. In the second round New College were the opponents. This match much have set up a new record, for it lasted four days-not, however, because the teams were so evenly matched, but because of the above-mentioned rain. A great and difficult game ended in the narrow defeat of the Hall.

A pleasing change was made this year in that courts had been laid in the Parks. Those on Iffiey Road have now been abandoned.

Considering it was their first season the courts, especially two of the match courts, played surprisingly well. They also have the advantage of being close to the new pavilion, where tea is served almost every day.

E.F.F.

Captai111- I. E. N.

THE SWIMMING CLUB.

Ca.ptain-M.

J.

MORTIMER.

The Hall enjoyed a fairly successful season, which was completed by creditable performances in the Cup-ties during Trinity Term. Jesus and Exeter were defeated in the early rounds of the Inter-College Relays, and in a fashion which warranted a certain confidence as to the result of the final against Merton. The Hall . did, in. fact, win the final, but only by a margin of some inches.

Merton obtained revenge in the semi-final round of the Water-polo Cup-ties, winning by 2 - 1 . Since they went on to win the fina: somewhat easily, the Hall may be considered to have done very well in giving them so close a game.

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During the Michaelmas Term moderate success was achieved in Water-polo League games.

M.Y.FF-W. THE CHESS CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1935.

SeC'retary-M. Y. FFREN'CH-WILLIAMS. During the Tilary Term no Inter-Colleges matches were played, and activities were entirely confined to the playing of the Tournament, which attracted an excellent entry of nearly forty . The end of term saw the Tournament only in the semi-final stage, and it was found impossible to conclude it during the following term. It had, however, served a very good purpose by creating interest in the game, and made it possible for the Hall to enter the InterCollcge League in the autumn.

M.Y. FF-\V .

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Secretary - R. J. LUND. The Club's activities this term have been restricted to entering the Inter-College Competition. So far only one match has been played, against St. John's. The team was: M. Y. FfrenchWilliams, W. H. H. Waterfield, R. Byrom, B. R. Coates and R. J. Lund. We lost by two games to three. Byrom and Coates are to be congratulated on winning their games on boards four and five.

R.J.L.

THE ROAD TO PONTIGNY PILGRIMAGE by motor-car is, of course, open to criticism.

I can only plead that without the car I could not, during seventeen days spent in France, have visited Pontigny and three other places where the memory of St. Edmund is venerated. The Dean of Pembroke College was my fellow-pilgrim. On the aft er~ noon of Wednesday, August 28 1 he met me with his car at Boulogne. We drove out to Montreuil and put up at the hostelry favoured by Laurence Sterne. From all appearances Sterne might have left in his post-chaise the day before, so unspoiled is it. Only the importunities which he suffered or provoked were wanting.

According to our itinerary we were to make our way into Burgundy, keeping clear of Paris, and spend a week walking in the woods and hills of the Morvan and the C?te cl'Or, and then return by way of Orleans and Chartres. But I am only concerned here to record those passages in our journey which relate to St. Edmund.

We stayeq the second night in the charming cathedral city of Senlis and drove the following day to Provins by way of Meau)f:

A

Photo: A. B. E.

THE C H U RCH OF ST. EDMU ND, SOISY.

Photo : A. B. E.

THE .-\BBEY C H U RC H,

PO~TIGNY.

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and Coulommiers. The first view of Provins that meets the eye of the traveller coming in from the north-west is most inviting. The dome of the fine twelfth century church of Saint-Quiriace and the broached tower and attendant turrets of the Tour de Cesar mark the position of the ancient upper town, which lies, screened by trees, within a splendid rampart of walls- to-day a straggling village in which almost every farmstead and cottage reveal some fragments of medieval masonry. We descended to the lower town.

A{ter we had found quarters there in a hotel, we mounted the steep street that leads up to Saint Quiriace.

In this church there are preserved vestments which are reputed to have belonged to St. Edmund. As we reached the door at the west-end we met a priest coming out. When he heard what we wished to see, he offered to show them us. We had been fortunate in falling in with the cure, Abbe Espinouze. He took us into the treasury and opened a hanging cupboard, in which we saw behind glass a beautiful chasuble of deep g reen silk damask. There are there also, I believe, a cap and an episcopal sandal belonging to St. Edmund, but I did not know this at the time. We did not see them. These vestments once belonged to the Abbey of St. James, which stood by the walls on the south side of the town. St. Edmund died in the priory of Soisy, a daughter house of this Abbey. He was taken there from Pontigny in his last illness, in the hope that he might derive benefit from the upland air. Before his b?dy was brought back to Pontigny for burial, his heart and viscera were removed and committed to the care of the Canons Regular of St. James with a gift of vestments. \Ve left Provins on the following morning for Sens, but turned aside at Longueville to find Soisy. At our first attempt we ascended a narrow but well-tarred country road, to find that it degenerated into a cart-track full of ruts ending in a ploughed field. We then followed a road which led up to high ground on the further side of the valley. When we reached the top we saw on our left hand a little church and graveyard standing alone a short way back from the road. The church appeared to be modern. It was locked. We drove on to the village of Bouy, where we ascertained that this was the pilgrimage-church of Soisy, dedicated to St. Edmund. \Ve returned. On the north side of it we found that there is incorporated a massive remnant of a medieval building. That is all that survives of the priory of Soisy where St. Edmund spent his last days. The faithful of Provins and the district round still venerate the site. A pilgrimage to it, as we learned from a notice in Saint-Quiriace, was being arranged for the following Tuesday.

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The memory of St. Edmund has never been forgotten in that countryside. The way from Soisy, through Traisnil, Villeneuve l' Archeveque, and Coulours, along which his funeral procession passed on its four-day journey, about fifty-five miles long, to Pontigny came to be known as ' le Chemin de Saint Edme.' \i\Te arrived in Sens in time to visit the Cathedral, before the Treasury, one of the m ost interesting in France, was closed. There are preserved there some of the vestments in which the body of St. Edmund was clothed on the occasion of his transla tion in 1247 to a place of honour over the high altar in the abbey church of Pontig ny . They consist of a mitre, a stole, a maniple, a cincture, and a pair of episcopal scindalia. The mitre is, I think, made of white silk: it is richly embroidered with gold , with an edg ing of blue a nd gold braid at the base. The la ppets of the mitre are made of red silk and have worked on them in gold, with green and blue in the wings and aureoles, a representation of the Annunciation with two c he rubim above. The s tole and the maniple, of garnetcoloured s ilk, are embroidered in gold with a desig n in which . castles and cherubim a lte rnate : they were the gift of Blanche of Castile, mother of St. Louis . Th e sandalia are of the same coloured silk a nd are decorated with scrolls of conventional foliage worked in gold. The cincture is made of red silk braid with a pattern in gold thread woven into it.

There are also preserved in the Treasury a number of docum e nts relating to the canonization and c ult of St. Edmund which formerly belonged to the Abbey of Pontigny. Among them are letters of pos tulation sent by the University of Oxford to the Pope in support of his canonization. I was able to make a rough calendar of these documents.

The next day being Sunday, we attended Mass in the Cathedral and set out afterwards for Pontigny, which we reached about noon. The abbey church stands on the south bank of the Serein, a · tributary of the Yonne. The bridge from which Pontigny derives· its name, ra nd which fig ures on the coat of arms of the abbey, 1 carries the road from Troy es to Auxerre across the Serein. We came through the forest of Pontigny, which still conveys some- · thing of the remoteness which must have commended this wellwatered valley to St. Stephen H arding, the English follower of. St. Bernard, who founded the abbey there in 1114. If one approaches, as we did, from the north, the abbey church is hardly visible, as it is masked by a thick belt of willows and poplars. On the south and east side it stands open to vie,v, a g reat long church, simple in all its details , rising out of the field s . An avenue of lime-trees

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leads to the narthex at the west end throug·h which the church is entered. We welcomed their shade, for it was a broiling hot day.

More welcome still was the marvellous coolness of the air which met us as we stepped down into the nave of the church. The sight of the long spacious nave, luminous with the sunlight pouring in through plain glass windows, is most impressive. It is empty of all chairs, as the church, except at times of pilgrimage, only serves a small parish of villagers. The church is one of the finest creations of Cistercian art, perfect in its proportions, austere in its lack of ornament. vVe passed along the north aisle into the ambulatory • that surrounds the choir and made our way to the east end, where high up between two columns is placed the chilsse in which the body of St. Edmund rests. The chasse, which is of comparatively modern construction, is supported by four large angels of s<:'venteenth century workmanship, and above these is fitted an elaborate canopy-an arrangement that ill fits the beauty of its architectural setting. Access to it is obtained by a wooden staircase in the ambulatory. On the wall below the shrine there are placed many votive tablets: several of them, we noted, commemorate the gratitude of those who have been successful in examinations.

In the afternoon, after we had picnicked under the scanty shade of some fruit trees in the field to the east of the church, we returned for Rosary and Benediction. The service was attended by a little company of boys and girls from the village. A young priest officiated. After the service was over, we made ourselves known to the sacristan and asked after the cure, Monsignor Aubin, who has done so much for the care and preservation of the fabric of the church. In recent years the Hall has devoted an offertory each year to the fabric fund which Monsignor Aubin instituted. It was with great regret that we learned that he had recently died. Conversation, Khich had begun in French, continued in English when the sacristan, who proved to be a lay brother of the community of the Fathers of St. Edmund, told us that he had spent many years in the United States of America with Monsigno1· Aubin before the appointment of the latter as cure of Pontigny. Brother Joseph then offered to take us to the shrine and open the little door-s which protect the glass panes through which the body of the saint may be viewed. The three of us mounted the stairway, and knelt to<Ytther before the shrine. On the little do"ors being unlocked, we b I . 1 looked upon the recumbent body of St. Edmund. t is c othed in modern vestments of blue. Beneath the mitre his face is visible with the flesh drawn tight upon the skull, as in a mummy.

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Our pilgrimage over, Brother Joseph pressed us to come and meet Father Lefort, the member of the Community who was acting as cure in place of Monsignor Aubin, and whom we had seen in church that afternoon. We should just catch him, he said, before he left for Lourdes. 'Ve very gladly fell in with this suggestion and went with Brother Joseph down the avenue of lime-trees to a small seventeenth-century house which under the Cistercians had been the residence of the barber of the abbey. To-day this forms the modest headquarters of the Fathers of St. Edmund. This religious congregation owes its formation to Father Muard, who in 1843 established at Pontigny a Society of Auxiliary Priests to which was entrusted by the Archbishop of Sens the guardianship of the abbey and the shrine of St. Edmund. Until the expulsion of the religious orders from France in 1901, this community occupied the Abbey House on the north side of the church, which incorporates the remains of the conventual buildings of the Cistercians.

This house is now the residence of M. Paul Desjardins, an eminent savant who has made it â&#x20AC;˘ un Foyer d'etude et de repos'; but, even so, it is to be hoped that some day the Fathers of St. Edmund may be reinstated in their former home.

We were most warmly welcomed by Father Lefort. He told us that within a fortnight he was to pay his first visit to England, when he was to stay with an English friend of his, a member of the House which the Fathers of St. Edmund have recently opened at Whitton, near Twickenham. It was arranged forthwith that Father Lefort should come up with his friend and spend a day in Oxford.

Taking our departure, we proceeded on our way to Au;xerre, where we were to stay that night. Half way up the hill out of Pontigny we halted. On either side of the road lay vineyards.

There, looking back, we had our last view of the abbey church in the valley below, with the afternoon sun still gilding its walls.

Our pilgrimage to Pontigny had its appointed sequel. On Monday, September 23, Father Lefort and his friend paid their visit to the Hall. The Dean of Pembroke's car was again in requisition, and in the afternoon they were driven out to Abingdon to see the site of St. Edmund's birthplace. At Pontigny members of the Hall may be sure of no less cordial a welcome than that which we received.

A.B.E.

TH I·: SHRl:\E OF ST. EDM u :\D .

S EEN Fl< O M I N FH 0 '1 T O F THE

H 1c 11

.l\ L T A I<.

Photo: A.B.E .

A \ "I NE Y A RD NEAR PON TI GN \" . with a view of t he Abbey C hurch in t he backgro und.

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'ULMER SPATZLE' ; \T

on Sunday morning eleven canoes were assembkc at the foot of the steps leading to the Ulmer Paddler Club.

By 10.30 all were launched . We were in the Ulmer Spiitzle, a canoe lying rather lower than most, tentatively following the others, who were making for the bridge and the rapids below. Water rippled under our legs, and lapped the sides. The framework looked weak; the rubber felt thin enough for fish to bite through; and we still had to learn to use our paddles cleanly. But we were moving, and the presence of the others gave us confidence.

Nothing seemed more impossible in Ulm on the previous Friday morning than to hire a folding canoe for the journey we contemplated on the Danube from Ulm to Vienna. W .e had asked everywhere, at the bank, travel ag encies, newspaper offices, and street corners; and everywhere we were greeted with polite doubt. W e were advised finally to try the canoe clubs, where we might be able to purchase one. This suggestion did not encourage us, for the chances of resale in V ienna were remote. However, we found two clubs, and drew blank. In despair we flirted with the idea of buying bicycles and riding to Vienna. But the sun was hot, and the glare off the roads made the prospect uninviting. . vVithout hope we made for the last club that we were to visit, and our question-carefully round ed with the aid of a dictionarywas put for the nth time. We were received by two students, who replied that they could do nothing about canoes, but they thought it might be better to see the President of the club. We were from England, yes? Why not come and .bathe? We bathed, drank beer, and sat in the sun for most of the afternoon. Conversation was spasmodic, as ten minutes exhausted our German . In the evening we met the President, whose retired-col01)el voice would have. done credit to Goering himself. After about an hour, with the help of a youth who knew about as much English as we knew German, we managed to convey, first, that we had not much money, and, secondly, we wanted to hire a canoe. We left the club with the promise of a good canoe, maps, and a welcome list of inexpensh¡e . mns . \!Ve knew nothing about this type of canoeing, but fortunately there is little to know. We had two rucksacks, and one suitcase, which was stuffed into the bows. After leaving the broken water at Ulm the canoes formed into line, and like a flotilla of submarines w.e moved down the river. Three of our companions produced

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concertinas and played German marches or waltzes; the rest lay back and gazed at a cloudless sky or, looking down into the water, watched the bottom of the Danube slipping away beneath. A pair of buzzards flew over and pecked at the water ; passers-by hailed us from the bank and applauded the concertina-players. Whenever we came to a bridge the President barked out orders, and we sidled through an archway. Unfortunately our fellow-paddlers were not going all the way to Vienna, but were only out for a picnic; and so at lunch time they stopped, and with much mutual well-wishing we left them.

That evening at 7 o 'clock we arrived at Lauingen, where we were to rest for the night. About twenty yards away from the bank we turned the canoe upstream and slowly backed towards the landing place-a manoeuvre at which we were soon adept. We had been averaging 8 kms. an hour without the slightest effort, apart from occasional leisurely strokings of the water. A boatman was there to help us out, a_n d to show us where to put Spiitzle for the night. v\'hen we had parked it we enquired for the cheapest Gasthaus, and with our two rucksacks and one suitcase we made for it. It was unpretentious, but clean, and very cheap. All the Gasthaiiser we stayed at were of about the same standard.

1We had dinner that night in a large room in which there were abo ut ten elderly men, all looking the better, or worse, for beer.

They spoke dialect German, which we found difficult to understand.

They were quite friendly, 'but put us through a rather keen crossexa'm ination as to our views on Germany. One younger man took us in tow, and when we had finished our omelettes showed us round the town. We then learned that on that day, July 14th, the veterans of the Great War were celebrating in a nearby Hall. The whole town had been joining in, and everybody looked extremely happy.

For about 160 kms. from Ulm the Danube flows through very flat country, wooded most of the way. There are no large towns, but many agricultural villages with red-roofed houses and oniontopped churches. Still, it was very pleasant gliding along in the sunshine, hearing fish jump, and watching occasional pairs of herons flying overhead.

On the third day we had our first taste of how fine the Danube can be. Hills began to appear. Then we arrived at the Abbey of Weltenburg, with a splendid baroque Chapel and an excellent brewery. The Klosterbraiierei of Weltenburg has quite a name in ¡ Southern Germany, and we were g lad we had been recommended to try it. This abbey stands at the head of the section of the river known as the Doncmdwrchbr nch. The water flows through the hills

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as though a way had been cut for it through the rock with a crooked knife. These hills are not more than three hundred feet high, but the effect is grand. On either bank are sheer walls of white rock, streaked with grey, and partly clothed with green pine trees. It was a glowing evening, and the deep shadows, white rock, and blue-green water made us wish for once that the stream was not quite so fast.

At the end of this stretch came the monument called the Befreiungshalle, a rather beautiful erection overlooking the river, and put up in memory of German soldiers who fell in the wars of 1813-1815. Below it is Kellheim, where we stayed for the night.

By this time we had acquired a working knowledge of the varying merits of the multifarious and ubiquitous German sausage , of black bread, cheese and fruit. Every morning after breakfast we went to buy our mid-day meal. When the time came we often used to. drop over the side for a bathe, and go downstream with the canoe for as long as we wanted, then make for the bank, and have lunch.

Regensburg was our next stop- Regensburg with its fine medieval narrow-arched bridge. We had been warned about the dangers of this bridge, and told not to risk taking the canoe through it. But a portage is a nuisance, so we went to inspect the obstacle. It certainly looked dangerous, but we saw that there were two archways about eight feet wide, under which the swirling water gave signs of a deep channel. The next morning we approached the bridge nervously, carefully steering Spiitzle towards the centre of the archway we had chosen. There was a flash of grey wall, and we were left wondering where the danger had been.

At noon we were hailed by some soldiers in a camouflaged pontoon. We thought they were being friendly, and returned their shouts with grins; but as we began to pass them their tone changed, and we heard 'Verboten.' This word we understood, and then realised they had been telling us to stop. We had failed to notice two red flags . .We gathered from the soldiers that German troops were practising the building of pontoon bridges, and until one o'clock no one was to pass through.

In the late afternoon clouds began to gather, and the sound of thunder made us use our paddles. We saw Straubing, our destination, not very far away, looking very theatrical-a cluster of red-roofed grey towers against black clouds. As the_ river he~e meanders in its course, the town kept dodging out of sight. Ram began to fall, and it was nearly dark when we arrived at last at the canoe station.

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The next two days were uneventful, until the afternoon of the second , when a thunderstorm broke. We w;ere still twenty kms. from P a ssau, and the stream had lost its speed. We paddled for two hours, to find at the. end that an electric power station stood between us and the town. This time there was no alternative; we had to make a portage, which was, however, facilitated· by the provision of a small truck to take canoes to the point where they could be re-launched. It was raining again when finally we stopped a,t the landing stage; but the rain was not sutlicient to damp the spirits or the fireworks of a large Nazi demonstration held there that night.

Passau is the last big town on the Danube in Germany; \1·e had covered a little more than half the distance to Vienna in seven very easy days, averaging about twenty-two miles a day. The Austrian stretch from Passau is undoubtedly more beautiful than the German section, and . ideal for canoeing. The· river flows through very hilly and completely unspoilt country. Castles, hitherto rare, add an historical charm to the scenery.

The Ils and .the Inn join the Danube at Passau. vVe found ourselves the next morning travelling with a strong following wind at a good twelve kilometres an hour, between steep pine-clad banks. Soon after leaving the town we were stopped, first by the German, and a little later by the Austrian customs officials, who made us pay a deposit on the canoe, to be repaid on leaving the country. Through wonderful river scenery we swept along a very tortuous course. When we stopped that evening we had covered ninety kms.

Three more days, probably the best in the whole of the tripsaw us approaching Vienna. At Grein we were warned of a dangerous whirlpool, and it is true that at one point our canoe seemed recklessly unwilling to answer to the paddle; but we passed through without mishap what danger there might have been. At St. Nikola a young Viennese who had missed a train connection asked us to give him a lift to Melk, an act for which we were repaid a hundredfold on reaching Vienna. At Melk we stopped to look over the Abbey, which is considered, and rightly so, one of the finest examples of Renaissance architecture in Austriaperhaps finer even than Schonbrunn itself. the last day we passed throug h the W achau, the wine district of the Danube, which at this point surely exceeds the Rhine gorge in beauty and splendour. With higher hills, the Wachau also has its castles, and although not so rich perhaps in legend, the story of Blonde! singing outside Coeur-de-Lion's

On

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window at Durnstein Castle may well compare with the Lorelei; and the ruins of the castle, with the perfect baroque church below, yield little to that famous rock in . beauty. vVe were loth to proceed, but the river drew us on, and regretfully we saw signs of Vienna's suburbs. On landing we were greeted by the young Viennese whom we had taken on board the day before.

So ended the most perfect of idle holidays. There can be no more delightful way of doing nothing than lying b~ck in a canoe, floating down a river as beautifol as the Danube, with blue sky overhead and rippling water below; though our own day-dreams were frequently disturbed by the laughter of the passers-by, who found the name of our boat a source of amusement-it apparently meant the equivalent of, say, Yorkshire pudding. If care is taken to follow the map's directions at every bridge, to avoid rough¡ water , and to be on the inside of all river traffic on the bends, there is no risk whatsoever. Throughout we found the inns cheap and adequate, and the people in both countries equally kind and obliging.

F. W. DAWSOK.

SHEPHERDS AND HERDWICKS N that strange, remote world, which is silently but swiftly created in the descent of mist on our Lakeland fells, the lonely wanderer, gropingly making his way across wild becks and mossy turf, is often startled by the sudden appearance of grey wraith-like figures, ¡which move off timidly at his approach. A distant bleat calms his fears of the uncanny and the mysterious-he is among the fell-sheep. Short-limbed, close-knit animals, hardy as their wilder .neighbour, the hill fox, ready to withstand keen winds a,nd dri ving rain, to rear their lambs in late spring snow, such are our Herdwicks. Their origin is unknown. A tradition has it that they are descendants of a few sheep which escaped from a ship of the Armada, wr~cked on the Cumberland coast. But there is no documentary evidence to support this, and further, there are no sheep in Spain remotely resembling Herdwicks. Other theorists, more romantically inclined, suggest that they were certainly survivors of a shipwreck, not of a Spanish ship, but of a Viking galley during the time of the Norse settlement of Cumberland in the tenth century. There is little but the enthusiasm of its propounders to bear out this theory, and it is perhaps safest to leave the origin of the Herdwick in its well-won obscurity. Mr. R. H. Lamb takes up the most sensible and reasonable stand when he puts

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forward his opinion that the breed is native, and has evolved its characteristics from the exigencies of a mountain existence through many centuries . No other modern breed bears any close resemblance to the Herdwick, though Dickinson, writing early in the nineteenth century, states that several years previously he saw similar sheep in the Mountains of Mourne. A curious feature of the pure Herdwick, that is to say, the animal of about one hundred and fifty years ago, is that both ewes and rams were hornless. Old shepherds to-day uphold that in their young days horned Herdwicks were the exception rather than the rule. The fact that at the present time the breed is horned is explained by chance interbreeding with neighbouring Swaledale flocks before the enclosure of fell pastures. The earliest description of the breed, by one Culley, in 1794, speaks of them as entirely hornless. The name 'Herdwick,' as applied to the sheep themselves, is quite recent.

Hutchinson, in his history of the county, written in 1794, gives a comprehensive description of the livestock, fell sheep included, but at no time does he mention the word ' Herdwick.' Its true meaning is ' hill-pasture,' or ' sheep-run .' The records of Furness Abbey for 1537 contain a reference to' Herdwyks and sheep-cotes ' ; the will of a fell yeoman in 1681 has this clause : ' I devise and bequeath all that Herdwick called Lawson Park.' Unless the yeoman be suspected of owning a gentle and valued old ram which he had endowed with this dignified title, we may accept this as evidence that ' Herdwick' referred to the pasture or farm rather than to the animals on it.

The mere layman finds more to interest him in the shepherds .and their customs than in their wandering flocks. First, let it be realised that the fell shepherd has little in common with piping Corydon or plaintive Tityrus; he knows not Virgil, and Virgil knew not him. qrave of countenance, but full of dry humour, taciturn to a degree, but garrulous and roystering on occasions, showing all the calm traits of the North, yet at the same time possessed of a belying shadow of them all, such is the man who spends long hours with his dogs and flocks on lonely hill slopes .

He is as solid as the mountains he strides over, and as unyielding; ¡bowing to no one, unconsciously proud of his life and his work, he goes on his way .

Lest anyone should draw from this an impression of dullness -or cold Slavonic gloom, it should be understood that among their neighbours no one can be more expansive than the shepherds.

This breaking down of the discreet barriers of their normal life is seen to greatest advantage on the occasion of the Shepherds'

H E R D\V I C IZ S.

Photo: T . Hage rup.

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Meetings. These gatherings are quite informal, but have a Yery definite purpose. The open nature of much of the grazing land results inevitably in the straying of sheep. All strays are brought to the Meet and claimed by their owners. But the proceedings do not end with this. vVhether the meeting is held out of doors, as in summer, or at some village inn during the dark months, there is always a supply of liquor to be consumed before the shepherds disperse on their several ways. These gatherings have been held from time immemorial. It is known that as long ago as 1780 a sports meeting was held on High Street, abo ve Mardale, after the Meet. Some have seen in this an echo of old Viking contests of ten centuries ago. The more protracted meetings are those held in winter, though the greatest number of strays are returned in summer. Each small area has its own meeting place. Sticks Pass, Wylie Ghyll, Ston eside Fell (near Black Combe), Walna Scar and High Street, are the chief ones for summer. Any strays that are unclaimed are identified by their markings, a nd returned by a neighbour to the owner, who pays a small fine for absence. Unidentified strays are sold 'for ' t good o't country,' that is to say, for the provision of liquid refreshment at the next meet. The winter meetings are the scene of more ceremonious re,¡elry. A Shepherds' Feast is held in the inn, followed by songs and stories.

A chairman rules the meeting, mainly by lung power, and calls upon each man to render an item. The songs are mainly traditional hunting songs of the county, and are always sung unaccompa,ni ed.

More attention is paid to the vigour of the song than to niceties of technique, and there is no sign of disapproval or surprise if the singer finds that he has pitched the tune too high, and changes key accordingly. It is not us ual to find one man \\¡ith a large repertoire; rather it is a case of each shepherd hav ing his own song or his own ' teal,' which he renders at each meeting, and any stealing of a neighbour's thunder is ill-received. Each singer or reciter is privileged to choose his successor, which he usually does with an eye to his mood, or shall we say more exactly, to his condition. The reader can picture to himself a low-ceilinged room, misty with strong tobacco smoke , full of a happy, boisterous throng of yeomen round a once laden board; strong rustic faces, aglow with simple, homely merriment, broad Cumbrian accents raised in conversation and song; and at the table head, a hearty, longboned chairman, unabashed at the prospect of proposing a half score of toasts, and of ruling a rowdy press of guests.

The system of sheep marking consists of ear-clipping and " ¡oolcolouring, each farm having its own marking, not each farmer,

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for a reason that will be made clear below~ The terms used are mainly Scandinavian in origin, and have survived almost unchanged from their Norse equivalents. The term 'lug-mark' was considered by Canon Rawnsley to mean originally 'law-mark,' as in modern Icelandic. But it is more probable, through the late introduction of this system of identification by ear-clipping, that we have simply the Old English word ' lug' meaning ' ear.' The wool-mark, on the other hand, is certainly Scandinavian-' smit ' being still in common usage in Iceland. The wool mark may be in red or blue, the red being known as ' rudd.' Terms like ' Gimmer' and ' Twinter ' have survived also, parallel to Danish and Norse developments. The Norse element being so strong both in dialect and terminology, it is curious to find that the old system of counting in scores, no longer used, but still remembered, has persisted in an almost purely Celtic form. It has points of close resemblance both with Welsh and Highland Gaelic. But at the same time the wide di vergence of the forms used, in valleys no more than six miles apart, is remarkable. The best known form is that of Borrowdale, which is as follows : 1. Yan l l. yan-a-dik 2. Tean 12. tean-a-dik 3. tethra 13. tethra-dik 4. methra r 4. methra-dik 5. pimp 15¡ bumfit 6. sethra 16. yan-a-bumfit 7. lethra l 7. tean-a-brumfit 8. hovra l 8. tethra-bumfit.

9. dovra 19¡ methra-bumfit.

IO. dik 20. giggit There are many old formalities in fell farming, customs rather than laws, which have become obsolete. The Lord of the Manor had the right over common land to claim all unidentified sheep; but this right is never exercised, and, as stated above, such strays are sold for the later enjoyment of the shepherds. Certain customs, however, still obtain. Most important is the system of change of tenancy. The Herd wick sheep has a very strong homing instinct, and will return over miles of fell country to reach its native pasture.

Quite recently a ram sold to a farmer at Caldbeck wandered home to Watendlath across Skiddaw, the Greta Valley, and the Borrowdale fells. This trait in the breed makes it impracticable for the sheep to be sold without the farm. The two must go together. In consequence, the arrival of a new tenant means the numbering of the flock, noting of condition, and the handing over of the stipulated nu1:nber of sheep to the newcomer. Any sheep above this number belong to the previous tenant, who may dispose of them

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as he wishes. This being so, it might be thought that a farmer could make an easy fortune by stocking his farm to overflowing.

Such is not the case, since the law of unlimited right allows a farmer to keep only so many sheep as he can feed through the winter \vith the produce of his fields about the house. The law extends also to cattle, goats, geese, and ponies. Fortunately, or perhaps unfortunately, this law is not rigidly kept, and many fell farmers in recent years have wintered their surplus stock on the Solway marshes. In the old days, this would have been impossible, since there was a manorial right to ' drive the common ' for such surplus. But the practice has its disadvantages, which a higher power makes very evident. Overstocked farms are frequently beset by disease among the sheep, which rapidly r~duces the numbers to more reasonable proportions. One cannot meddle with Nature, even on her infertile lands.

There is a deep vitality in our shepherds, untouched by centuries of toil and hardship, taking upon themselves something of the ruggedness of the county, something of its stillness. ,\ "'J ordsworth did not know them ; he invested them with a veneer of his own gentleness and culture, quite foreign to their true nature. To know them, one has to be a shepherd, and once a shepherd, one seeks no longer to sound the depths of one's own people ; there is other work to do.

J. C. ADAMSON. For the historical a.nd technical details in the above I must express my gratitude to Mr. R. H. Lamb, of Caldbeck, whose help has been invaluable.

WORK CAMP vVe. were approaching the St. Gothard tunnel. Before me sat a young man of unshaven chin and dose-cropped hair : such boots as to challe.n ge the Jungfrau, socks to withstand ran Arctic winter and breeches that shouted ' We are the breeches of a mountaineer.'

At his side a rucksack, on the rucksack a label-' ARBEITSKOLONIE CHIAVAsco, TESSIN.' Glancing timidly at my own bare knees and golf hose, at my brown shoes polished, mentally counting the number of puny nails still clinging to a relucta.n t sole (was it ten I put in, or a dozen, and how inany did I kick out in Savoy?), I artfully obscured the corresponding label on my suitcase and made a rapid inventory of my resources: an entire ignorance of manual labour, a determination not to let down the Old School, the Old Hall or the Old Country, a packet of sandwiches, a change of clothing , a sleeping bag and a piccolo tied with string. By this time the tunnel

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was ended, .and we burst into ' el be! paese ticinese.' Events then followed pell-mell. Biasca-change for Malvaglia; Malvagliaalight for Chiavasco. We alighted. Ferdinand-for that was the name of that hardy son of the mountains, that epitome of Swiss history who had so ogred my thoughts- had been joined by thirtynine others in like garb ; my heart sank slowly and settled comfortlessly in my brown polished shoes.

At Malvaglia station an imposing sight : a t the head of a motley crowd of villagers, students and dogs stood a diminutive but dapper gentleman in black w ith no collar, and by his side a burly, bearded student-veteran in yellow shorts and the inescapable boots. Above their heads floated the national flag, a white cross on a red ground, supported by the local policeman. 'Ne! nome della Svizzera, nel nome de! be! paese ticinese, nel nome degli abitanti de Malvaglia . . . ' ; the speech of welcome delivered by the man in black without the collar - he was the Mayor - opened ' in the name of' and continued 'in the name of' until ' in the name of' ¡it finished. So common was the phrase that when th e time came for me to leave as if by an irresistible impulse I rose a nd started, 'Ne! nome della Inghilterra, nel nome della Universita de Oxford . . . ' paying them back in their own coin. The formalities over, we deposited our baggage on the platform to await tra nsport by mules, and in irregular fo,urs marched throug h the village-to the nearest cafe. The colony leader, the man in the yellow shorts, introduced himself to the assembly, called the roll.and on to the second cafe. By thi s stage various nationalities had emerged, thirty-four Swiss, prattling g aily and unintellig ibly in Schweizer Deutsch, one Frenchma n summarily dubbed Napoleon, an Austrian, a German, a n Italian , a Czechoslovakian, an American studying medicine at Bern, and one very subdued Englishman.

I looked up at the mountains - ' Yes, Chiavasco is up there; three hours of solid climbing along a rough and stony mule trn.ck ' ; I looked down at my brown polish ed shoes ; I shuddered.

Three hours later we were at Chiavasco, altitude 5,000 feet, population in winter sixty, in summer six; a group of barren huts, walls of stone, floors of logs, roofs open to the sky above and unglazed wi ndows open to every breeze that blows. Four women students - stout people, these Swiss - were already in residence; they constituted the kitchen staff, and what they lacked in quality they made up for in bulk - I am talking, of course, of the food they prepared. It was already dark, for it was past eight o'clock and the sun sets early behind th e mountains; we were giv"!n our blankets and palliasses and told to find ourselves a barn . \Vith

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three others I entered the gloom of a hut; we spoke, tentatively at first, until it occurred to us to disclose our nationalities. Swiss, French, German, English-' le Palais des Nations' was formed, and Switzerland saw the rise of another Geneva; the common language, French; the common bond, hard labour._ Hard labour is a punishment in England; in Switzerland it is a form of recreation. Seven and a half hours for five days in the •veek, four hours on Saturday, Sunday free; up at five o'clock to start work by moonlight, breakfast on the scene of operations, more work under a broiling sun and down tools at half-past one.

Nor was it idle work. The first morning was the worst; one has a strange disinclination to get up at five after traversing the whole of Switzerland and climbing half the Alps the day before, but the Obermann was insistent, and it is a terrible strain to ha-v e the reputation of the Empire in one's feeble, untutored hands. 'Get a pick-axe, a shovel and a turfing tool ' ; I got a pick-axe, a shovel and a turfing· tool; in fact I could hardly go wrong, for there were only three kinds of instrument in the pile. 'With the pick-axe you pick, thus '-very easy. '\i\Tith the shovel you just shovel, thus'easier still. ' \i\Tith the turfing tool one must use skill, thus' - reluctantly I relinquished my turfing tool to a more skilful turfer and joined the ranks of the pick-and-shovellers. Hacking rocks, shovelling- earth, wheeling barrows, I •enviously watched the 'skilful turf er,' reclining at his ease before an earthy slope, steadily and effortlessly turfing. I made a vow- I too would be a turf er; before the end of the three weeks such proficiency had I gained in my self-appointed task that the Foreman of Works himself, an Italian Swiss and a competent judge, paused before England at work and in a subdued whisper murmured, 'C'est un a:rtiste.' The road, for it was a road we were making, grew before our eyes. It was only six feet wide and made of an earth surface on a foundation of stones, bu-t it was a work of infinite variety. \i\Te blas ted rocks, we felled pines, we fill ed chasms and razed mounds; a stream, we bridged it; an abyss, we spanned it; we threw the whole force of international opinion at each obstacle, and before the polyglot attack resistance crumbled. Not that there were no casualties in the battle against Nature; the doctor was continually patrolling the road attending to any injury from a blister to a pickaxed skull, but the only inconvenient accident befell not a colonist at all but the enthusiastic film-man who climbed a roof to film the ' labourers' return ' and dislocated his leg in the endeavour. He was carried down the mountain by a team of eight stretcher-bearers; neither he nor they enjoyed it. Such happenings did much to

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enliven the time, and since every square yard of road seemed to demand different treatment the work never became monotonous.

Every day finished at half-past one. The dirt of honest toil dung to our garments and made an immediate change necessary.

At first, when the dew still lay on the gmss and the sun was casting an ever-falling shadow on the mountains in the west, overalls and a neckerchief were the normal garb ; but as the night disappeared before a brilliant day the heat made anything but the minimum of clothes unbearable. That, by the way, is how I lost my zephyr. It was my staunch companion for many days, for the doctor had warned all those who were not very sunburnt to 'beware of the treacherous sun of the Tessin'; evidently the rarity of the atmosphere and the abundance of stone makes its rays more formidable ¡ than they .are on an English beach. I bewared for a few days, then, taking my timidity in one hand and my zephyr in the other, I removed them both. I suffered no ill-effects from the sun, but the zephyr was not so fortunate. It was eaten. Not by roving bears or errant chamois but by gr¡a sshoppers; they went through any article of clothing like a conquering horde: 'Les Tures ont passe la, tout est ruine et deuil.'

The afternoon and evening were divided between eating, sleeping and singing. Of the food I cannot talk; I was hungry and I ate whatever was put before me, polenta, macaroni, rice, salad; at one thing and one thing alone I drew the line - salame, described in the dictionary as 'a highly seasoned and salted kind of Italian sausage.' That is 01bout as vivid a description of salame as the attribution of the epithet' hot' to curry. Salame must be tasted to be believe.cl. During most of my sleeping hours, and they were many, I was unconscious, and so they too are beyond my powers of recollection. But the singing and the camp fires, the duets and quartets, the solos and choruses; songs in Italian raucous and lamenting, songs in German boisterous and haunting, snatches in Frerich, an English round, an American spiritual - it was a veritable Babel of song. Next to the exaltation of physical effort, the exaltation of song is the most viv.id of my recollections and one which I evoke at every conceivable opportunity. It is impossible to revive in print the sense of transcendental expansiveness which comes from music in the mountains, among the pines, beneath a Swiss sky; it was a sheer revel in unashamed and unsophisticated sentimentality.

Day followed day, each bringing new experiences and leavingnew memories; to enumerate them would be self-indulgence. The week-end at Locarno, the night spent in a Youth Hostel set in a

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garden of vines, the talks at night when the 'Palais des Nations' met to discuss world-situations and to resolve mighty questions before dropping off to sleep, the camp Olympiad when France and ,England beat the combined forces of Germany and Italy in a chariot-race of wheelbarrows - recollection crowds upon recollection, the Colony must end. The final hour of work is upon us; we clean tools for the last time, a hurried meal, perhaps the !ast for hours, then the descent to Malvaglia. 'A rivederci,' ' auf wiedersehen,' 'au revoir, I' Anglais '-with a hundred twanging instruments strumming in a hundred different keys, with a haze over the valley and on the moun!'ain-tops a mist, farewell Chiavasco !

F. L.

w.

EADE.

TULLE WINS It is a stiflingly hot Sunday in September. High above tower the densely wooded mountains of Correze, on the slopes of which runs the ' route nationale ' which passes through the Auvergne on its way to Clermont-Ferrand. At their feet lies the swift-flowing river which gives the ' departement ' its name, its banks dotted here and there with anglers and, in the more secluded spots, with seekers after ' ecrevisses.'

This is the setting for the Tulle Municipal Stadium, in which the eagerly-anticipated Rugby football match between the Sporting¡ Club Tulliste and a team from Perigueux is to be played. Slowly the huge and glaringly modern concrete stand which flanks the oval ground fills with a motley crowd of young men and ' lyceens,' accompanied by a sprinkling of young women. To the solitary Englishman whose presence is soon quietly noticed by his neighbours this crowd offers a striking contrast to the multitude which attends an English cup-tie. The noise and the hearty ' Auvergnat ' familiarity with which players and individual members of the crowd greet one another are incredible. .But what strikes one most is the riotous display of humour in which all join. The captain of the Tulle team spends ten minutes before the game chasing half-adozen wayward chickens off the pitch. The appearance of an elderly clown, pedalling hard round the encircling cinder track, carrying an open umbrella to which are attached long streamers of the French national tricolour, is greeted with roars of approval.

The spectators pelt him with anything which they can lay their hands on. At half-time, when he repeats his performance, the players make him a mark for their lemons. The pitch itself presents a striking contrast to the immaculate grand-stand. It is covered

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with long rank grass, except where patches of bare mud are showing.

The match at last begins. In the first half the play is very fierce and scrappy, and the Sporting¡ Club Tulliste soon begins to show its superiority over its opponents. The home team's threequarters display a very constructive sense of tactics; but the packs on both sides, which consist of heavy, ungainly forwards, collapse with a regularity which wou ld do credit to a music-hall turn. The Tulle captain, an International, who is very proud of having played for the Stade Bordelais team against Oxford some years ago, at a time " ¡hen M. A. McCanlis was playing for the University, shows that he has lost none of his pristine energy and agility. ' Berets ' are not confined to the crowd : several players on each side are wearing theirs during the game, happily retrieving them from the mud after each tackle. The score at half-time stands at 17-0 in the home team's favour, and the good citizens of Tulle are well contented. In the second half the play begins to show more of the reputed French 'brutalite,' players flinging one another about with reckless abondon. The tackling consists of hanging round one's opponent's neck, or, if this is unsuccessful, catching hold of his leg or making- attempts to remove his boot. Reserves arc frequently called in to take the places of the more fatigued or injured players.

There are continual noisy disputes, in which every player and the whole crowd join. The luckless referee has an unenviable task. The stage is set, one thinks, for a free fight on a large scale, especially when Perigueux begin to gain the upper hand, and score twelve points running without reply; but this is too hasty a judgment of the temperament of the French crowd. \\Tith final bursts of excited applause from the spectators the game is brought to a dose, with the score at 23 points to 12 in favour of the Sporting Club Tulliste. The chief impression on the foreigner is of a verbal battle which only a miracle and the referee's timely whistle have prevented from becoming a much more serious affair. The moment the game is over the crowd disperses in goodtempered though still noisy fashion back to the ' bistro,' where the game is excited ly replayed over a g-Jass (or two) of' Gentiane' and a hundred forecasts are made for next Sunday's contest.

F. H. H.

F1KCH.

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REVIEWS Under this heading there are noticed or reviewed recently published books or articles that possess a special .4'ltlarian interest due to their 1mthorship or to their contents. ftVe shall be glad to ha.vc such books and articles brought to our notice .

PETRINE EPISTLES AKD .JuoE. By the Most Rev. J. C. Vlancl, D.D., Archbishop of Brisbane. Westminster Commentaries, Svo, pp. 234. London: Methuen and Co., 1934. 15s.

This Commentary is the posthumous child of Dr. \:Vancl's Oriel period : it was written in Oxford, and seen through the press by others after its author had become preoccupied with his new charge. Certainly the book shows no trace of the accidents surrounding its birth: it is a model of order and clarity, and of careful finishing, worthy to stand as a monument of the Archbishop's Oxford teaching and studies. In saying that, we do not forget our Church's tradition of episcopal and archiepiscopal learning, 01abanclon hope of other such work from the same pen. The book shows the balance and grasp of historical scholarship, and pastoral statesmanship too in supplying so exactly what the reader requires.

It is not at all easy for a commentator on the English text of Scripture to be solid and adequate without constant and distracting re ferences to the Greek, nor to keep the central and positive message in clue prominence without failing in explanation of detailed difficulties. But it is just this that Dr. \:Vand seems to have cichievecl.

As to the positions adopted on controversial issues, Dr. Wand abandons the authenticity of I I Peter, following the almost unanimous opinion of modern scholars, but is inclined to elate it earlier thcin many, giving very good reasons for doing so . These ieclude a reconstruction of the history of the Corpus Petrinum, within which the Second Epistle stands directly related not only to the First, but also to the apocryphal Apocalypse, Gospel and Acts. He supports the authenticity of the First Epistle and that of Jude, inclining to date the former by the outbreak of the Neronian Persecution, and the latter by the first beginnings of Gnostic heresy in the Church addressed, perhaps that of Antioch. It was perhaps a pity that, in the former case, the Archbishop had recourse to the expedient of making the Apostle hear fresh news when he had his letter half written: a critic's hypothesis which, like that of making biblical writers survive to an extreme old age in order both to bear the right names and to write their books at the required date, is THE

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE always possible, but loses probability by being repeated. But his case can stand independently of this thesis.

More important than such matters of purely historical speculation is the appreciation of what ' Petrinism ' stands for. Scholars with a passion for ideas sharply worked out have decried the Petrine Epistles as examples of that commonplace, compromise theology which came ultimately to prevail in the Catholic Church ..

It is characteristic of the Archbishop that this defect becomes for him a merit. While St. John and St. Paul represent the systems of individual genius, St. Peter gives us what was always the central and necessary faith round which such minds were constellated : and that this had its own force and spirit he most effectively shows : it was indeed the Rock on which the Church was built.

One can not conclude this appreciation without noticing the value of the longer notes, especially one which condenses the author's view on the relation between Agape and Eucharist, and that on the Descent into Hell.

A. M. FARRER. LE SOCIALISME ET LE ,ROMANTISME EN FRANCE. f:TUDE DE LA PRESSE SOCIALISTE DE 1830 a 1848. Par H. ]. Hunt, M.A., D.Phil.

(Oxon). Svo, pp. 4 10. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press, 1935.

'La poesie n'a pas d 'autre but qu'elle meme; elle ne peut en avoir d 'autre, et aucun poeme ne sera si grand, si noble, si veritablement digne du nom d'un poeme que celui qui aura ete ecrit uniquement pour le plaisir d' ecrire un poem e.' Ces mots de Charles Baudelaire expriment nette ment !'opinion de la plupart des gens qui s'interessent a la litterature sur la vieille question tant discutee de la valeur d'un Art Utilitaire. On connalt, d'ailleurs, depuis longtemps en Angleterre le dictum semblable de John Keats : ' If Poetry does not come as easily as leaves to a tree, it had better not come at all.' L' Art, clans quelque manifestation qu ' il se revelc, n'a et n'aura jamais aucun besoin de liens materiels. Il suffit a luimeme; il est en lui-meme une entite absolue. Le desir fondamental d'aucune personne sensible, au mo~ent ou elle va s'appliquer a !'appreciation d'une reuvre artistique, est plut6t d'oublier le monde sordide au milieu duquel la Societe l'a jetee que de s'en souvenir. Se sentir delivree des liens de la pesanteur, voila !'emotion qu'elle veut eprouver. Lejeune homme sensible tremble d evant la Beaute mystique, etheree du prelude de Lohengrin, son coeur se rejouit, parcequ'il sait que bient6t le Cygne divin le delivrera de son prison d'ici-bas et le conduira droit au Montsa!vat.

Le pouvoir d'evocation est un des dons les plus precieux, dont un poete puisse etre doue; et tous Jes grands poetes de l'epoque

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dite Romantique de la litterature frarn;:aise l'ont possede a un haut degre. Or, Dr. Hunt est force, par son sujet meme, a negliger toute la partie lyrique et herolque de ces poetes, a ignorer completement les tristes lamentations de Lamartine, la grandeur splendide de Vigny et la magnifique sonorite du grand exile egolste, Hugo; ce qui est bien dommage, car elle est, cette partie, incontestablement la seule vraiment excellente de leur ren.dement.

L 'attitude de la presse contemporaine a l'egard de la litterature romantique et !'attitude reciproque des genies litteraires a l'egard des innombrables penseurs sociaux; voila l'objet que !'auteur s'est propose.

11 veut montrer qu'a l'epoque 1a. plus ft:conde du lyrisme fran<;:ais, les hommes de lettres et les poetes se sont trop ardemment occupes de la situation politique et des philosophies socialistes pour etre vraiment de purs artistes. Qu'on me laisse citer quelques lignes, que j 'ai tirees de sa conclusion: 'Je n'ai guere besoin d'insister sur le fait suivant; jamais, a aucune epoque, la doctrine de !' art social n 'a ete enseignee avec autant de perseverance que dans la premiere moitie du dix-neuvieme siecle . . . les saintsimoniens et leurs successeurs se melerent a tout; politique, economie socia!e, science, poesie, philosophie, religion. ' Dans ' I' Evolution de la Doctrine Socialiste de I' Art,' qui compose la premiere et la plus grande partie du livre, !'auteur traite des o~igines et du. developpement des differentes ecoles socialistes. 11 attaque son sujet a la maniere d'un historien tres instruit, qui sait divulguer Jes faits essentiels, methodiquement, succinctement, tout en epargnant a ses lecteurs !'ennui d'une grosse masse de details.

Dans la partie intitulee ' Socialistes et Litterateurs ,' il demontre comment Jes artistes, d'un bout a l'autre de la Monarchie de Juillet, ont tous subi, bon gre mal gre, !'influence des idees prevalentes.

Apres avoir considere l'reuvre de tousles artistes de l'epoque-des poetes de genie et de second ordre, des romanciers et des auteurs dramatiques - ii prouve , d'une maniere concluante, que l'etendue de la conquete socialiste fut presque un phenomene.

La premiere chose qui frappe, lorsqu'on vient de finir ce livre, c'est la vaste erudition de !'auteur. Quand meme, il ne faut pas croire qu'il a ecrit un livre d'un interet purement scolastique.

C'est un livre pour l'historien comme pour l'enthousiaste litteraire; et pour tous ceux qui voudraient faire des etudes de la France sous Louis-Philippe, c'est un livre !'acquisition duquel ils ne sauraient jamais regretter. C'est un livre, enfin, dans leqtiel le lecteur trouvera un melange parfait de science et de charme.

0. D. c. w. KING-WOOD.

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Music: THE CHILD A:-ID THE MASTERPIECE.. By Percy A. Scholes.

8vo, pp. 320. Oxford University Press, 1935. 12s. 6d.

The object of this work is to present a complete survey of the educational values of Musical Appreciation for the benefit of schools and teachers, and there can be no doubt that Dr. Scholes has produced an invaluable book. His arrangement of the matter that he has collected is concise and readily understandable : he divides the book into five clearly-defined sections, a glance at the headings of ""hich show immediately the thoroughness and logicality which are its chief assets.

The first part deals with the history of the Appreciation Movement. Two amendments might have been welcomed here - the author launches out on the assertion that musical education is of the utmost importance without giving any reason why. Again, no definition of the term Musical Appreciation is forthcoming until the reader has advanced some sixty pages into this section, which If-aves some misunderstanding in the mind. But these are minor faults which, though they tend to spoil the stability of the reasoning at the beginning , are quickly lost amid the mass of solid and instructive research and fact that Dr. Scholes provides for us.

The second part is occupied in answering the attacks made against Musical Appreciation by musical critics both past and present. He has a well balanced and perfectly satisfactory answer to every objection, and his wording, simple and straightforward, allows of no misunderstanding.

The next two sections are psychological in nature. They give comprehensive ideas for the right handling¡ of children and substantiate these ideas with reasoning ; they make suggestions on what types and standards of music are best suited to what ages, and how best to use biographical anecdote, both authentic and apocryphal.

As Dr. Scholes himself predicts, this last section of the hook is the most interesting. In it he quotes the actual experience and actual methods employed by teachers from all over the country, and offers detailed descriptions as guides to others. To anyone who is at all interested in musical education this cannot fail to be most stimulating, and I am sure that no teacher could read it without reaping some ideas which would be invaluable to him in the pursuit of his own scheme of education.

The book has certainly fulfilled the object for which it was written - the case in favour of a conscious movement towards Musical Appreciation is stated in such a way that few will venture to dispute it; and in the actual survey of musical education Dr.

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Scholes has performed a piece of experimental work the value of "vhich only the future can show. He lays down no immutable rules , but points out the way for every teacher, so that he can make his own plans according to his own capabilities; and, throughout, his argument is sound and his psychology sensitive. Until further pioneer work is complete and until a fixed system of musical education has been evolved, it seems certain that this will be the most important book written on the subject, and an indispensable hl=lndbook in every music teacher's library.

B.

w.

CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE.

PRENTICE MuLFORn's CALIFOR!'\IA SKETCHES. Edited, with an Introduction, by Franklin \i\Talker. pp. xxii + 105. San Francisco, The Book Club of California.

Back in the days when America was still expanding and developing, a new body of literature sprang up, oral and written. In isolated sections and on the frontiers people made ballads and tales about the great heroes of local legend. Negroes in southern camps and farms sang of John H enry, mightiest of their race ; north woods lumbermen swapped stories about that amazing axe-wielder, Paul Bunyan ; and on the south-western plains cowpunchers elaborated the exploits of a tough and terrible hero of their own called Pecos Bill. Out of the personal and social freedom of these primitive regions proceeded epic inventiveness and freedom of fancy, with an easy-going style and distinctive frontier tang which came to colour much of the best American literature-as in the fantasia of Melville, Walt \!Vhitman's poetry, and the bold, pungent humour of Mark Twain.

When Prentice Mulford came to California, back in the 185o's, California was st ill frontier. The excitement of the great Gold Rush was just beginning to die down, and armed Vigilantes were attempting to strike terror into th e hearts of lawless men. Mulford was a timid, down-at-heels wanderer from back East to whom Fortune had been faithful on ly with her frowns. Even in the hewlyfound wealth of California he fai led to share- for many years, rather, he ma naged only to survive as gold-panner, prospector, cook, pig-raiser, schoolmaster, and post-hole-digger. He even tried to enter politics. But in spite of failures, he did gain a vast cumulative knowledge of the Cal ifornian hinterland and the people in it. And at last, back in San Francisco, he found a measure of success contributing tales and bits of drollery, and an occasional more serious sketch, to the local newspapers.

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Seventeen of these interesting pieces of writing, first printed between 1865 and 1874, constitute the new volume edited by Franklin Walker (S.E.H . 1921) . The first selection, as an example of frontier humour, is one of the best; it is an 1,800-word 'novel' entitled ' Barney McBriar, the Shootist,' and narrates the life and death of a precocious young chap, quick on the draw, who derived from reading Malthus on Population moral support for his extravagantly homicidal ways. The story must have been funnier in its own day than it is now, but it still has power to fascinate the reader. Subsequent selections include other burlesque ' novels,' sketches in which Mulford recounts his experiences as a miner and describes vividly his comrades of the mining camps, and a few personal and speculative essays of which the best is. perhaps .o ne called ' A Plea for Laziness,' which is really a plea for a more sanely balanced life. 'Industry,' he writ.es, 'is a great thing-in its place. But I object to the excess of that useful ¡ article.

Solomon' s proverbs and Ben Franklin's maxims added to our natural acquisitiveness are helping to ruin the American people.'

After sixteen years in California, it is interesting to note, Mulford spent two years in England lecturing on the glories of his adopted State. In the latter part of his life he turned to occult philosophical speculation, and was one of the founders of the New Thought movement.

The study of American regional culture, and through it of American literature in general, has certainly profited by the publication of these selections from Prentice Mulford. As for the biographical introduction which Dr. Walker has written for the volume, its colourful subject-matter and smooth colloquial style make it first-rate reading for its own sake.

S. R. DUNLAP. GLUCK. By Martin Cooper. 8vo, pp. xv+ 293. London: Chatto and Windus. 12s. 6d.

In the formal treati~es on the opera of the eighteenth century one cannot help being struck by the suddenness with which Gluck's so-called reforms are alleged to have occurred. Progress of the art at this time is represented almost as a series of definite steps, separated by periods of rest, and one is inclined to lose sight of the fundamental truth that the evolution of an art is a gradual process, governed by the natural developments in current musical thought, and influenced by a multitude of external circumstances.

The main object of Mr. Martin Cooper's book appears to be the correction of this distorted idea. He sets out to view eighteenth century opera in its proper perspective, and by means of a corn-

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prehensive and unbiassed review of Gluck ' s operas, many of which are practically inaccessible to-day, to assign him a logical position in the unfolding of events which culminated in the ' Don Giovanni ' of Mozart, the natural peak of the aims of the earlier Neapolitan school. And this task he has achieved most convincingly. We are shown how the opera of the Scarlatti tradition, with its formal succession of 路r ecitativ路o secco and aria, and its compl ete lack of unity, was expanded by his Neapolitan followers, Gommelli and Traetta, into a form in which, little by little, the orchestra came to be used to accompany recitative and to enhance the dramatic situation. We are shown also how the reform of ballet by N overre and Ang路iolini at this ti~e played its part, and how the latter's ' Don Juan,' set to music by Gluck in 1761, contained those very qualities of directness of expression and dramatic unity which were so forcibly displayed in 'Orfeo' the next year. V-/e see, again, how Gluck's librettist, Calzabigi, contributed his share to the innovations of 'Orfeo' by 路 expounding points of accentuation and dramatic emphasis in the Italian tongue, one with which Gluck was said to be unfamiliar at this time. Finally, we are shown the composer's personal contribution, which is again influenced by his peasant upbringing and the slenderness of his technical education.

In the biographical portions of the book Mr. Cooper gives an 'unprejudiced account of Gluck's personality. He was essentially a self-made man, vigorous, arrogant, mean, of keen business sense, and alternately courting public opinion and defying it. But he possessed that powerful and self-confident mind which alone could make a lasting mark on musical history.

The reader is spared the petty intricacies of the Parisian 'war,' and Piccinni, Gluck's rival, is for the first time given some sympathetic consideration.

Mr. Cooper's book is well indexed and contains a comprehensive bi):>liogTaphy, and apart from the musical quotations with which it abounds, it should be of equal interest to amateurs and connoisseurs alike.

E . F. A. SuTTLEi. 16981935. By the Rev. Edward Randolph Welles. Limited edition.

8vo, pp. 96. The Pine Press, Southborough, 1935.

Woodbridge is the third oldest settlement in northern New Jersey. The bounds of the township were fixed in 1667, and two years later it was granted a charter by His Majesty 's Government.

In this charter provision was made for the time when the freemen should have ' their own Minister or Ministers for the Service of A

HISTORY OF TRINITY CHURCH, WOODBRIDGE, NEW JERSEY,

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God 111 the administering of His Holy Sacrament.' ' Towards which Church,' the charter declares, ' there shall be Two Hundred Acres of good Upland and Meadow laid out to the Use and Behooff of the said Minister.' At some date in 16g8 or 1699 the Rev. Edward Portlock (or Perthuck) ; onducted in Woodbridge the first service in accordance with the Prayer Book of the Church of England. In 1702, the year following its foundation, the S.P.G. sent out to the British Colonies in N. America the Rev. George Keith to report on the religious situation in the colonies. On December 29, 1703, Keith visited V/oodbridge and preached there. For some time longer the needs of Church people in Woodbridge were only served by visiting ministers. A project for erecting a church was undertaken in 1713, but the congregation of episcopalians was small and poor, and six years later the little timber-frame church had fallen to the ground. It was not until 17s4 that a new start was made and the erection of a ' small but decent ' church begun.

This enterprise was largely due to the zeal o( Dr. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, whom Mr. Welles describes as 'perhaps the greatest priest in the American Church prior to the war of the Revolution.'

The little church which Chandler built was replaced by the present edifice in 186o.

In this book Mr. 'i\Telles, himself for four years Rector, tells fully and interestingly the story of this New Jersey parish through the many ups .and downs which mark its history from its formation.

A.B.E. PHILOSOPHY. By Vernon Brelsford. 8vo, pp. SS¡ London, John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd., 193s. zs. 6d.

This book is really an enquiry into theories on primitive philosophy, but the author is a district officer in Tropical Africa and has had the opportunity of seeing in the field how much of the theory evolved in the library will bear critical and practical examination.

Mr. Brelsford takes philosophy to mean a theory of life, and quotes Lucretius as his authority. He reviews several of the better known theories which seek to explain why the African theory of life differs so fundamentally from the European, and in touching on the theories of these authors he points out where their weak points lie. For instance, in a chapter on savage mentality and thought he discusses the views of the Durkheim school on the question of the savage mind being prelogical, and he shows that although the starting point of argument may be different, yet the process of following it out is identical-that is, in both cases there are the first and second premises and the conclusion-but he emPRIMITIVE

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phasises the fact that the premise in the savage mind is nearly always mystical. He might have compressed this still further in an already concise book by quoting Jevons, 1 that no mind can reason outsipe the syllogism .'

The book ends with a chapter of conclusions, which are a condensation of previous ¡chapters, and they are very useful in summarising some of the arguments about the mind of the savage.

The whole book, by means of copious references, is an excellent guide to the authorities who have contributed to the study of the philosophy of the savage.

L. W. KENNAN. YOUNG MEN IN THE ARCTIC. THF.l STORY OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY ARCTIC EXPEDITION OF 1933. By A. R . Glen. 8vo, pp. 329.

London: Faber and Faber, 1935. 15s.

This book contains a most interesting and readable account of the Oxford expedition which spent three months in Northern Spitzbergen in the summer and autumn of 1933. The author was the leader of the expedition, and there were seventeen other members, the Hall being represented by J .. M. Edmonds, who went as a geologist. The journey of 'A' sledge party, of which Edmonds was a member, over the inland ice is duly chronicled. Readers of the Ma,gazine of 1933 who enjoyed Edmonds's article describing the same journey will find much to interest and entertain them in this book.

A.B.E. SAL.ERNA OF IFIELD . By the Rev. K. M. Ffinch. Reprinted from the Trainsactions of the Dartford' Antiquarian Society¡. No. 4, 1934. 8vo, pp. ?. 6d-.

The village of Singlewell (it is also called Ifieid), which lies on the old Watling Street about six miles west of Rochester, derives its name from an ancient well. The site of this well is now marked by a gran ite slab that was placed over the mouth of it when it was closed about 1916. The well was a deep one. The measurements taken at the time of its sealing gave 160 feet to the bottom, the depth of water being 20 feet. During the reign of Henry II, at some date after the martyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury, a little girl named Salerna threw herself down this well as a resu.Jt of a whipping given her by her mother for her supposed theft of a cheese. As she fell she called out to St. Thomas to help her. The Rev. K. M. Ffinch, Rector of Ifield, in the interesting pamphlet which he has published tells the full story of Salerna's rash act and of her preservation as it is recorded in two MS. collections of the 'Miracles of St. Thomas,' compi_led, the one by William, a monk of

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Christ Church, Canterbury, the other by Benedict, Abbot of Peterborough. These two MSS. are preserved in the Fellows' Library of Winchester College and . in the Library of Lambeth Palace respectively.

A. B.E. NANTUCKETISMS OF 1848. Contributed by Allen vValker Read to Americani Speech. February, 1935, Vol. X, No . 1.

THE MEMBERSHIP IN PROPOSED AMERICAN ACADEMIES. Contributed

by Allen Walker Read to Ame ·rican Literature, May, 1935, Vol. Vil, No. 2.

Two NEW ENGLAND LISTS OF 1848. Contributed by Allen Walker Read to Dialect Notes, July, 1935, Vol. VI, Part 10.

ATTITUDES TOWARD MISSOURI SPEECH. Contributed by Allen Walker Read to the Missouri Historical Review, July, 1935, Vol. XXIX, No. 4.

AMPHI-ATLANTIC ENGLISH. Contributed by Allen .vVa lker Read to English Studies , October, 1935, Vol. XVII, Part 5.

These articles testify to Mr. Read's perennial industry as a lexicographer. It is good to know that the inhabitants of the island of Nantucket have always been noted by their fellow-countrymen for the nautical flavour attaching to their speech. To the Nantucketer the rest of the citizens of the United States are otf£slanders . As early as l8II Joseph Sansom, an obervant American traveller, noted that in Nantucket ' every child can tell which way the wind blows, and any old woman in the street will talk of c riiisirz.g, about, hailing an old 1nessmate, or making on e bring to , as familiarly as the capta in of a whale ship, just arrived from the north-west coast, will describe dimension to a landlu bber by the span of his gibboon7-, or the length of his mainlstay . If you have a spare dinner it is short allowance ; if you are going to ride, the horse must be tackled tip; or if the ohaise is rigged oiit, and you a re got imde·r w ay, should you stop short of your destination, you are said to tack about, or to make a harbour.'

It would still, it seems, be well taken in Nantucket if you were to address every second man you met as ' Captain. ' Mr. Read furnishes a list of 'Nantucketisms' current in 1848, which he has derived from a collection of them given in a letter preserved in the John Carter Brown L.i brary, Providence, Rhode Island, that was sent to John Russell Bartlett, the author of the Dictionary of Americanisms.

The appearance of B~rtlett' s Dictionary in 1848 evoked, as might be expected, letters from a number of correspondents anxious to point out omissions. Mr. Read gives two other such contributions

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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which he has also g leaned from the Bartlett Papers in the John Carter Brown Library .

In 178o John Adams wrote to the President of Congress advocating the formation of an 'American Academy for Refining, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Language.' No notice was taken of this suggestion. Since that time many attempts have been made in the United States to establish an Academy on the lines of the French Academy. Mr. Read reviews in an interesting article the successive ;a ttempts that have been made to form such an institution.

In a former article Mr. Read tackled in historical mood the vexed question of the pronunciation of the word ' Missouri.' He now gives us the fruits of his investigation into the question of the distinctiveness of Missouri speech and makes a plea for its study and preservation . Indi·a ns, Spaniards, French and English have all made their contribution in the past. In his well-known book, The Manners, Customs and Condition;s of the North American India:ns, General Catlin, as Mr. Read reminds us, quotes a conversation that he had had in 1832 with a 'free trapper' somewhere along the Missouri : '' 'Ne parlez vo us I' Anglais? ' he asked .

'Non, Monsieur,' the Frenchman answered. 'I speaks de French, and de Americaine; mais je ne parle pas I' Anglais.' ' Well, then, my good fellow, I will speak English, iand you may speak Americaine.'

'Pardon, pardon, Monsieur.'

'Well, then, we will both speak Americaine.'

'Val, sare, je suis bien content, pour clat I see dat you spreaks putty coot Americaine.' '' It would seem that Missouri speech has not yet lost its claim to be considered ' putty coot Americaine.'

Under the title 'Amphi-Atlantic English' Mr. Read makes a careful and instructive sun ·ey of the differences which have grown up 'between the Eng lish of England and the English of America.'

England and America, he concludes, each maintains its own standard of speech, but there is an ' " area of negligible variation " which covers the great · bulk of the language, ' wherein' the <lifferences between the two standards are trifling and peripheral.' Mr. Read has drawn quotations from many sources to illustrate the pride and prejudice which have marked the attitude of Englishmen and Americans from the eighteenth century omvards towards the differences in vocabulary and speech that have grown up on either side of the Atlantic. These quotations furnish in themselves an illuminating contribution to Anglo-American history.

A. B. E.

100

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE RECEPTION OF JoHNSON's PROSE STYLE. Contributed by W. Vaughan Reynolds to The Review of English Studies, April, 1935, Vol. XI, No. 42.

In this interesting article Mr. Reynolds usefully reviews the divergent opinions expressed by critics of Johnson's prose style.

Mr. Reynolds confines his .attention for the most part to the eighteenth century. The battle that was waged round Johnson was hotly contested, but not all his assailants were as virulent as Churchill, who in The Ghost portrays him as : 'Pomposo-insolent and loud, Vain idol of a scribbling crowd, Whose very name inspires an awe, Whose every word is sense and law; Who to increase his native strength, Draws words six syllables in length, With which, assisted with a frown, By way of club, he knocks us down.'

Three years after Johnson's death a considered criticism of his writing was given to the public by the Rev. Robert Burrowes in an EssOJy on the Stile of Dr. Samuel Johnson. Better known is the dislike which Horace Wal pole had for ' the fustian of his style, and the meanness of his spirit.' Mr. Reynolds resolves the case against Johnson into a threefold charge: 'his love of Latinisms and hard words forced him into a pompous, obscure and affected style; his attempts to attain the sublime introduced licentious constructions into his work; and in seeking rhythm he had only achieved monotonous parallelisms and disjointed harmonies.'

In the other camp, however, Mr. Reynolds introduces us to a goodly company of writers . who have proclaimed Johnson's excellence and modelled their style upon his. He points out that Macaulay, wh~se own prose style was largely responsible for the eventual decline in Johnson's literary reputation, modified his views on Johnson's 'manner' and testified to his 'weighty and magnificent eloquence.' In his conclusion Mr. Reynolds reaches a judicious appreciation. 'Though we may not agree with all his views,' he writes, ' though we may not applaud all his methods, his achievements marked an epoch in the history of English prose. â&#x20AC;˘His composition embodied the ideals of a century marked by tireless inquiry into the principles of prose technique. From such a man the present age has much to learn.'

A.B.E.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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THE PHOENIX AND THE TURTLE. Contributed by Kenneth Muir and Sean O'Loughlin to The Dublin Review, April, 1935. Vol. X. The authors of this article make a cogent attempt to elucidate the symbolism of Shakespeare's neglected poem The Phoenix and tile Turtle, which appeared in 16o1 as one of the additional con~ tributions to Love's J\tfa:rtyr. They point out that in its inception this poem must have derived some suggestion from Matthew Roydon's elegy on Sir Philip Sidney, which was published in 1593 under the title The Phoenix Nest. They would place the writing of it as coming ' not long after the break with the fair young man of the Sonnets.' In it Shakespeare is seen to wing himself free from the despair and disillusionment into which this desertion by his friend had brought him, and to proclaim the sovereignty of love, although for him love was now disembodied from its otiginal object. It contains, they feel, ' the seed of all Shakespeare's later development.' The Phoenix is a love symbol.

In this poem we are encourag-ed to believe Shakespeare's 'pro;. phetic soul looked forward to the ultimate synthesis, the emotional . serenity of The Tempest.'

A.B.E. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYPOPHVSTOPORTAL SYSTEM IN MAN. By Paul G. 'Espinasse. Contributed to the Journal of Anatomy, October, 1933, Vol. LXVIII, Part i.

THE OvroucAL EPITHELIUM OF THE MousE. By Paul G. 'Espinasse.

Contributed to the Journal of Ana.tomy, April, 1935. _ Vol. LXIX, Part iii.

These two articles and the notes which Mr. 'Espinasse contributed to Nature in 1934 on 'Bilateral Gynandromorphism in Feathers,' 'The Membrana G-ranulosa of the Mouse,' and 'Specific Action of Oestrin,' afford good indication of the fruitful direction which his researches as Lecturer in Zoology at University College, Hull, are taking . .we shall expect to hear more from him on the subject of feather development.

A.B.E.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

DEGREES January 24 1 1935.

B.A.: C. C. Shaw.

March

M . .4 . : Rev. N. K. Brownsell.

May

2 . ..

ivl. A. : Rev. R. St. J. Fisher, Rev. R. L.

2

Hordern.

June 27 .. .

M. A .: C. G. Lawrence, Rev. G. S. Wamsley.

July

B.Litt. : C. J. Hayes.

20

...

August 3

B.A . : . I. E. N. Besley, H. F . Cook, W. G.

Fallows, S . W. Hardisty, J. H. Hodson, C. C. Hughes, S. G. Rees, P. H. Rogers .

B .S. c. : P. Witherington.

M.A.: E . L. H. Kentfield.

October 17

--.: ,·

B .A.: D. W. Bigley, R. F . Burnett, M. R. Brown, J. E. Frame, E . T. Halstead, T. P. Hamerton, L. G. Holmes, A. Jenkins, J. H. S. Jenkins, L. W. Kennan, K . D. Luke, A. ,P . Morice, B. R. S. Mainwaring, H. H . E. Peacock, S. H. Rumsey.

November 23

B.A.: P . C. Birkinshaw.

M.A.: Rev. R. G. Cornwell, R. S. Orchard.

December 14

B.A.: F. M.A. Farrer, H. G. Llewellyn.

B.Litt.: N. Dawson.

M.A .. : N. Dawson, N . A. H. Lawrance , J. L. N. O'Loughlin.

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MATRICULATIONS HILARY TERM. Commoner: Barner, George Brenneman (Harvard University).

MICHAELMAS TERM. Exhibitioners: Eyre, Harold (Heath Grammar School, Halifax).

Huntington, William Henry (King's School, Pontefract).

McManners, John (Alderman Wraith School, Spennymoor).

Squire, John Brinsmead (Clifton College).

Commoners: Allott, Kenneth Cyril Bruce (Armstrong College, Newcastleupon-Tyne).

Carey, David Macbeth Moir (Westminster School).

Carpenter, Edward Mark (Lancing College).

Christopher, Kenrick. William Marshall (Blundell's School).

Clark, Alan Reynolds (Whitgift School).

Clibborn, Donovan Harold (County High School, Ilford).

Cooper, Raymond Arthur (Brighton College).

Cruttwell, Norman Edward Garry (Lancing College).

Dowding, John \i\Toodman (Marlborough College).

Dunlap,* Samuel Rhodes (University of Iowa).

Elliott, Eric Patrick Moore (Royal School, Dungannon).

Farrant, Philip Arthur Howard (Dulwich College).

Finch, Alec Frederic (Clifton College).

Forster, Michael James (Colston's School, Bristol).

Harrison, Ernest Wilfrid (Alsop School, Liverpool).

Hill, Colin de Neufville (Cheltenham College).

Ho~y, Thomas Kenneth (Cockburn High School, Leeds) .

Holden, Anthony (Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby).

Hurford, John Wykeham (Worksop College).

James, Daniel Thomas Newton (Taunton School) .

James, Hugh Vaughan (University College of Wales).

Jarvis, William Arthur Walter (Queen Mary's School, Basingstoke).

Jenkinson, Arthur Clive (Dulwich College) .

Kenyon, John du Mello (Lancing College) .

King, John Wickham (Shrewsbury School).

Lawson, Richard Mervyn Alexander (St. Edward's School).

Le Mesurier, Peter Niel (Diocesan College, Rondebosch).

Lister, Robert (Giggleswick School).

IOI

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Lyth, Jack (Worksop College).

Lyth, Richard Edward (Uppinglrnm School).

Marston;- Hugh Charles (Bromsgrove School).

Neal, Edward Duerden (St. John's School, Leatherhead).

Newell, David Evan (Solihull School). .

Plant, John (Merchant 'foylors' School).

Radley, Herbert Arthur Farrand (Leighton Park School, Reading).

Rashleigh, Jonathan (St. Edmund 's School, Canterbury).

Reid 1 Arthur Martin (St. Edward's School).

Roberts, Eric Matthias (University of North Wales).

Rutherford, Jonathan Evan (Lewes County School).

Sharp, Richard Lloyd (Hove Grammar School).

Smith, Peter Woodhouse (St. John's School, Leatherhead).

Sowerby, James MacGregor (Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury).

Strong, Robert Gravenor (Epsom Colleg·e).

Taberner, Harold (Wigan Grammar School).

Ward, Charles Lindley (The Lodge School, Barbados).

Waterfield, William Hugh Herschel (Westminster School) ..

Watson, Alan William Wilson (Highgate School).

Whitaker, Edward Charles (St. Bees School).

Wilkinson, David Reginald (Christ's College, Brecon).

Wood, Frank Boyce (Dulwich College). * Rhodes Scholar.

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND This Fund was instituted in 1929 on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Dr. Liddon (Vice-Principal, 1859"62). The object of the Fund is to provide Exhibitions for the assistance of candidates for ordination entering the Hall. So far the sum of £1,000 has been invested. It is hoped that this endowment may be gradually augmented so that the number of exhibitions may be increased. We very gratefully acknowledge the additional contributions that have been received during this year. £ s. d.

Total brought forward since last investment . 40 16 5 Mrs. T. K. Allen (fifth donation) 5 0 0 The Rev. Canon W. S. Gardner (sixth donation) 5 0 0 The C~aplain's Account 5 0 0 St .. Edmund Hall .Chapel Offertory (Reunion 2 6 1935) £56 18

I I

ST. E D MUN D HALL MAGAZINE

105

AULARIAN ASSOCIATION RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT fo·r the Year ending June 30, z935 .

RECEIPTS. s. d. £ s. d. £ Subscriptions to J une 30, 1934: Membership ,, .

2I6 3 9 Magazine 9 IO 0 Activities Fund 23 I3 0 249 6 9 Subscriptions to June 30, I935: Membership .. .

26I I9 2 Magazine II 9 2 Activities Fund 19 9 6 292 I7 IO £54 2

4

7

PAYMENTS. £ 75 100 9 23 4 3

Aularian Exhibition Fund Henley Regatta Magazine Aularian D irectory Printing and Stationery .

Postages Cheque Book Subscription Refunded Balance to be carried forward ...

s. d.

0 0 0 0 10 0 16 6 15 3 18 5 IO 6 18 0 3 23 15 I I

,,

£542

4

7

AULARIAN EXHIBITION FUND. RECEIPTS.

s. d. £ 132 15 9 75 0 0 2 7 II

Balance brought forward Aularian Association Bank Interest

£210 PAYMENTS.

£

Exhibition Balance

50 100 £210

3

8

s. d.

0 0 3 8 3

8

Audited and fo und correct.

H. c.

INGLE,

Hon. Auditor

J OHN

B.

A LLAN,

H on. T reasurer.