St Edmund Hall Magazine 1936-37

St. Edmun·d Hall Magazine

OXFORD THE HOLYWELL PRESS, ALFRED STREET

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. IV. No.

DECEMBER. 1936.

I.

EDITORS. 1936-37.

B. W. CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE, Editor.

A. W.W. \¥ATSON, Asst. Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF THE PRINCIPAL.

NEW edition of Dean Rashdall's The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, which has been for many years out of print, was re-published under the joint editorship of Professor F. M. Powicke and the Principal by the Clarendon Press in April.

The reappearance of this standard work in revised and enlarged form has been widely welcomed. The Principal has been primarily responsible for the editing of the third volume, which· deals with the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

The presentation portrait of the Principal which Mr. F. W. Elwell, A. R.A., has painted was exhibited at the Royal Academy.

It is to be presented to the Principal on the occasion of the Annual R eunion, 1937·

A

OF THE CHAPLAIN.

The Chaplain, the Rev. J. N. D. Kelly, following the precedent of his predecessor, is to be cordially congratulated on having been awarded the Senior Denyer and Johnson Scholarship.

OF APPOINTMENTS.

Dr. H. M. N. H. Irving, whose appointment as a Lecturer of the Hall in Natural Science we welcomed last year, was in October made a Tutor of the Hall. We record our very great pleasure that he has been more closely identified with the Hall in this way.

The Rev. R . F. W. Fletcher has been appointed an Examin er in the Final Honour School of English Language and Literature.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF

MEDICINE.

We record with pleasure that Mr. E. H -. Leach, M.A., B.Sc., Oriel College, Departmental Demonstrator in Histology, has been appointed Lecturer of the Hall in Medicine. Mr. Leach obtained a First in the Honour School of Natural Science (Animal Physiology) in 1931 and was awarded the Gutch Memorial Prize in 1933.

OF

CONGRAT U LATIONS.

The congratulations of the Hall are also due : To C. J. Hayes on being awarded the Paget Toynbee Prize and on being elected to a Senior Scholarship at New College.

To H. N. Savory on being elected to a Research Studentship in Prehistoric Spanish Archaeology at the Queen's College.

To E. Rawlinson on proceeding to the degree of B.C.L. To C. P. R. Clarke on proceeding to the degree of B.Litt.

To M. G. Robinson on proceeding to the degree of B.Litt .

To B. R . S. Mainwaring· on being granted leave to supplicate for the degree of B. Sc. To W. A. Nield on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

To W . S. Mills on being placed in the First Class in Honour Classical Moderations.

To all other members of the Hall who ab examinatorilm.s honure dig11i· sunt habiti, especially to the following, who were placed in the Second Class in their respective Honour Schools: E. F. A. Suttle (Mathematics) ; R. C. Posto~1 (Theology) ; A. J. Beck, K. Brooksbank and B. W. Whitlow (English Languag·e and Literature); F. vV. Dawson and J. F. Martin (Jurisprudence); R. 0.

Barritt, C . A. J. Cox, F. L. W. Eade, J. Park and M. Wall (Modern Languages); H. R. Thomas (Modern 'Greats'); A. L. Crowe, R. A. Cruse, A. J. Healey and . P. G. Langhorne (Modern History); G. Worth (Hon. Classical Mods.) ; J. E. Rutherford (Hon. Math .

Mods.) .

To 1~ . J. Childs on being judged worthy of distinction in the Examination for the Diploma in Education.

To G. J. R. Courtney, D. T. N. J ames on being awarded Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarships in French; and to J. Park on being awarded a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in Spanish.

To D. H. Clibborn on being awarded a Goldsmiths' Company's Exhibition (French and Spanish).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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To 0. D. C. W. King-Wood on his very successful tenure of the Presidency of the 0. U. D.S. and on his outstanding performance in the name part in 'Richard II.' .

To M. Y. Ffrench-Williams on his representing Great Britain for the second tim e at the Olympic Games in swimming, on his very successful tenure of the Presidency of the 0. U. Swimming Club, on his representing the ¡university for the third time in the Swimming and Water-Polo Matches against Cambridge, when Oxford won its first double victory since 1923, and on his winning both the 100 Yards and 220 Yards Free-Style Races.

To J. Lee on playing for the University for the third time against Cambridge in Association Football -and on being awarded his Amateur International Trial Cap for England.

To J. A. Brett on playing for the University for the second time against Cambridge in Rugby Football, on being a member of the Rugby Union XV that toured the Argentine in the Long Vacation, and on being elected Captain of the 0. U. Rugby Football Club for 1937.

To J. P. Burrough on being a member of the Isis crew that visited Germany in the Long Vacation, and on rowing in the Trial Eights.

To G. ]. P. Merifield on coxing the Isis crew that visited Germany in the Long Vacation, on coxing for the second time the winning Trial Eight and on being elected a member of Leander Club.

To R. A. Cruse on running for the University for the second time in the Half-Mile in the Sports against Cambridge.

To E. M. Roberts on being awarded his Half-Blue for Athletics and on running for the University in the Quarter-Mile in the Sports against Cambridge.

To H. R. Thomas on being awarded his Half-Blue for Swimming, on representing the University in th e match against Cambridge and on \Vinning the 200 Yards Breast Stroke.

To W. ]. H. Liversidge on reaching the Finals of the University Silver Sculls.

To vV. A. Nield on being elected Secretary of the Union Society for Trinity Term.

To R. A. Cooper on playing for the University at Rugby Football.

To H. G. Dawber on playing Lacrosse for the University.

To D. M. Thomas on boxing heavyweight for the University.

To N . E. Monie on swimming for the University.

To D. M. M. Carey,]. S. M. Dashwood, W. ]. H. Liversidge and A. G. Slemeck on rowing in Junior Trial Eights.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE.

To those members of the Hall who supported 0. D. C. W. King-Wood in the 0.U.D.S. production of' Richard II' and contributed in no small measure to the success of the play, especially to J. C. Adamson and B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave on their convincing portrayal of John of Gaunt, . Duke of Lancaster., and of the Duke of York respectively, to J. B. Harvey on his sinister rendering of the part of the Duke of Northumberland, and to J. C. Stephenson on his bucolic impersonation of the First Gardener.

To P. H. Rogers on his excellent performance as Jacques in the O.U.D.S. production of' As You Like It' in Magdalen Grove, to J. C. Cain on winning the approval of the Times dramatic critic in the part of Le Beau, and to J. C. Stephenson on his ' constant service of the antique world' in the part of Adam.

To B. vV. Cave-Browne-Cave on being elect.e d Junior Treasurer of the O.U.D.S. for Hilary Term and Acting Secretary for Michaelmas Term.

To G. M. Burnett on being elected to the Centaurs.

To J. N. Shaw on being elected to the Achilles Club.

To P. N. Le Mesurier and A. M. Reid on being elected to the Authentics.

To J. B. Harvey on being Editor of the Cherwell in Trinity Term.

To the First Eight (A. M. Urquhart, stroke; L. T. Podmore, 7; T. E. M. Ashton, 6; J. P. Burrough, 5; W. J. H. Liversidge, 4; P. Witherington, 3; G. T . Brett, 2; D. M. M. Carey, bow; G. J.P. Merifield, cox.) on finishing third in the North of England Head of the River Race at Chester in March.

To the Third Eight (R. E. Lyth, stroke; J. D. Carr, 7; J. W. King, 6; C . de N. Hill, 5; A. R. C1ark, 4; A. C. Jenkinson, 3; M. J . Forster, 2;W. A. W. Jarvis, bow;J.M.Sowerby, cox., and their many coaches, on bumping Keble III, St. Catherine's II, Worcester III, Exeter III and Hertford II.

OF

EXHIBITIONS.

An Examination beginning on Tuesday, March 17, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (English and French), each of the annual value of ÂŁ40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made:H. E. Pope, Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham {French).

R. R. Rylands, Adams' Grammar School, Newport, Salop (English).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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An Examination beginning on Thursday, March 19, was held for the purpose of awarding an Organ Exhibition of the annual value of .£35, but no election was made, as no candidate of sufficient merit presented himself.

An Examination beginning on Tuesday, April 21, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the ann ual value of .£40. As a resuJt of this Examination the following elections were made : A. J. Lee, Clifton College (Classics).

M. S. Preston, Marlborough College (Classics).

Exhibition Examinations in 1937 will be held as follows :On Tuesday, March 16, and the two following days for the . purpose of awarding one Exhibition in English Literature, and two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (French with one other language, German, Spanish, or Russian ; or French only), each of the annual value of .£40.

On Tuesday, March 23, for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or History, each of the annual value of £.40.

On Wednesday, April 21, for the purpose of awarding an Organ Exhibition of the annual value of .£35.

OF THE SCHOOLS.

HILARY TERM, 1936.

In Schola Literarum Graecarum et Latinarum: Class I , W. S. Mills; Class II, G. 'Vorth; Class III, G. A. H. Rainbow, V. M. Spencer Ellis .

TRINITY TERM.

In Scientiis Mathematicis et Physicis: Class II, E. F. A. Suttle.

In Scientia Naturali: In Physica: Class III, M. Y. FfrenchWilliams. In Physologia Animalittm: Class III, D. G. T. Hicks. In Chemia, Part II: Class III, B. R. S. Mainwaring.

In Sacra Theologia: Class II, R. C. Poston; Class Ill, J. P. Gutch.

I!"' Literis Anglicis: Class II, A. J. Beck, K. Brooksbank, B. W. Whitlow; Class III, R. C. Hastie Smith, R. D. Hodgson; Class IV, J. C. E. Hayter. .

In ]urisprudentia : Class II, F. W . Dawson, J. F. Martin. fo Literis Modern/is: Class II, R. O. Barritt (French and German), C. A. ]. Cox* {French and German), F. L. W . Eade t {French arid Spanish), J. Park t {French and Spanish), M . *With distinction in the colloquial use of French a nd German. +With distinction in the colloquia l use of French .

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Wall (French); Class Ill, J. C. Adamson (French), R. Byrom (French and German), F. H. H. Finch (French), 0. D. C. W. King-Wood (French and German), G. W. McNaught (French and German), P. H. G. Newhouse (French and German), A. M. Urquhart (French and German); Class IV, J. Lee (Spanish and French).

In Schola Philosophiae; Politicae, et Oecon•o miae: Class I, vV. A. Nield; Class II, H. R . Thomas; Class III, R. G. Pusey; Class IV, T. E. M. Ashton.

Jn Historia !VI oderna: Class II, A. L. Crowe, R. A. Cruse, A. J. Healey, P. G. Langhorne; Class Ill, E . F. Foxton, T. R. Jackson, F. Martin, L. T. Podmore, K. R. Prebble, J. C. C. Shapland, G. R. Shield; Class IV , F. H. Frankcom.

In Schola Disciplinaru.m M athematicarum: Class II, J. E. Rutherford.

Examinatoribus Satisf ecerunt: Grou.p 13 .6, J. H. Boothroyd; Group D., J. H. Boothroyd, 0. J. Matthews.

Diploma in Education: V. W. Miles.

Diploma in Theology: T. P. Hamerton .

Examination in the Theory, Histo ·ry and Practice of Edu.catioi:-: Parts 1 and Ii, T. J. Childs,t P. C. Birkinshaw, M. R. Brown, R. F. Burnett, E. T. Halstead, L. G. Holmes, A. P. Morice, P. H. Rogers.

Second Examination for th e Degree of B.Mus . .' P. J. Britton.

For Degree of B.M.: in Anatomy and Human Physiology: W. E. Alderson,]. L. Pinniger; in M~ateria Medica: W. E. Alderson, J . L . Pinniger.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

E xaminato ribus Satisfecernnt: Group A .3, 0.

B.6, D. C. P. Fitch.

J.

Matthews; G-roup

OF HIGHER DEGREES.

H. K. Pusey, M.A., having submitted a thesis on 'The Morphological Changes in the Jaws of Amphibia during Metamorphosis, with species reference to Rana temporaria' for the Degree of B.Sc., satisfied the Examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Biological Sciences.

B. R. S. Mainwaring, B.A., was granted leave by the Examiners in Chemistry (Part II) to supplicate for the Degree of B.Sc. E. F. A. Suttle, B.A., having submitted an Exercise for the Degree of B.Mus ., has satisfied the Examiners. !· With dis tinction.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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OF A LEGACY.

The Rev. F. G. Croom, whose death :we regretfully record elsewhere in this issue of the Magazine, left a parting token of his regard for the Hall in a legacy of £100 to be expended for the augmentation of the Liddon Exhibition Fund.

OF NEW STATUTES.

The wheels of academical legislation move slowly. In the course of his speech at the opening of the Canterbury Building in October, 1934, the Archbishop of Canterbury made known the decision of the Governing Body of the Queen's College to free the Hall from the ties by which it had been bound to the College since the accession of Elizabeth. Since then new statutes for the Hall giving effect to this decision have been drafted and have been approved by the College and by the Hebdomadal Council. In the course of Hilary Term, 1937, they will come before Congregation for the approval of the University and thereafter be submitted to the King in Council.

OF GIFTS.

The best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall during the year: To the Rev. Canon P. Cunningham for his generous gift of ninety-one volumes to the Library.

To Mr. and Mrs . H. Hayes for a further gift of the sum of five pounds for the purchase of classical books in memory of their son, Henry Trevor Hayes .

To Mr. G . V. Carlin for his gift of a print of St. Edniimds Hall & St. Pete·rs Chu:rch, Oxford, by Rock & Co., London, and dated January l, 1863.

To the Rev. E. L. Frossard, M.A . (Durham), for his gift of a copy of Dictionnaire Franco-Normand, by G . Metivier, .1870.

To Mr. L. W. Hanson for his gift of a copy of his book, Gove·r nment and the Press, 1695-1763 .

Gifts to the Old Library are acknowledged in the annual note on the Old Library printed elsewhere in the Magazine.

OF THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION.

The Aularian Association has made possible the establishment of an additional Exhibition in Modern Languages by making a grant of £120 for that purpose. It has also made a grant of £.50 towards the maintenance of the Exhibition Fund which it in-;ti-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE tuted in 1933 for the benefit of sons of Aularians entering the Hall as undergraduates. And by another generous gift of £100 it has once again enabled the Boat Club to enter a boat for the Ladies' Plate in the Henley Regatta.

OF THE O.U.D.S. Mr. Ivor Brown, the dramatic critic, in his notice of the production of 'Richard II' by the 0. U .D.S. for the Obse·rver wrote: ' I can remember distinguished individual performances at Oxford in various Februaries, but never a production in which the general level was higher, the team-work more effective, and the miuor parts more resolutely tackled. Perhaps the team-work was assisted by the fact that so many players came from one house ; St. Edmund Hall might now be re-entitled Green Room College.'

DE Lums

OL YMPICIS.

The distinguished record of M. Y. Ffrench-Williams, who has twice been a member of the swimming team that has represented Great Britain in the Olympic Games, has been commemorated by a silver tankard which the Principal has given for use jn the Dining-hall. It bears the following inscription:DVM BIBITIS SIT IN LABRIS NOMEN INSIGNIS HVIVS AVLAE NATATORIS MOSTYN YANTO FFRENCH-WILLIAMS QVI BIS PRO BRITANl''IIA LVDOS INGRESSVS OLYMPJCOS PRIMVM IN CALIFORNIA MOX IN GERMANIA DE PALMA CO!'<TENDIT AQV ,,_TICA MCMXXXJI MCMXXXVJ

OF A REGISTER AND INDEX.

It was announced in the last issue of the Magazine that an Index to the first three volumes of the Magazine, and a Register of the Officers of Hall Societies and Clubs which Mr. L. W. Kennan was preparing, would be published as a supplement to this issue of the Magazine, but although some of the gaps then advertised have been filled through information sept by old members of the Hall, there are still others that need to be filled, if the Register is to be complete. It has been decided, therefore, to postpone publication a little longer.

OF' FIRST WORDS.' Encouraged by the good reception given to it on its debut in 1934, First Words, decked in a new dress, made its second appear-

THE FRO:\T Q UA DRA NGLE .

DHAWN FOi< T l1e O x ford /l l 111a.11a.ch, 1936, BI' M 1<. V,l 11.1 .111M \ \l,1 s1 11 Nvro N, i\ . R .C . :\. ( l.o :-ioo N),

.\ .R.E .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ance in the course of Trinity Term. Both editors and contributors are to be congratulated. The attractive new format which has been given to this publication is worthy of its contents. It is greatly to ¡ be hoped that First Words may now be regarded as an established annual, wherein may be gathered year by year in concerted variety work by members of the Hall in poetry and prose, and, following the precedent set this year, in drawing too. Aularians no longer in residence can obtain copies on application to the Editor of F irst Words at the cost of Is. 6d. a copy including postage.

OF THE OXFORD ALMANACK, 1936.

The Oxford Almanack containing Mr. William Washington's excellent drawing of the Quadrangle of the Hall was sold out by the beginning of Hilary Term. Never within living memory ha s an issue of the Oxford Almanack been so rapidly disposed of.

Arrangements, however, have been made with the Clarendon Press for a special re-printing of 250 copies of the drawing alone. A limited number of these copies of the drawing are still procurable and can be obtained on application to the Bursary Clerk at a cost of 3s. 4d. a copy, including postage. Any profits made on the sale of these copies go to the Endowment Fund.

OF ST. EnMUND's DAv. On St. Edmund's Day, Monday, November 16, Holy Communion was celebrated by the Right Rev. Bishop Allen, who was vested in the beautiful cope presented to him when he was Bishop of Sherborne. At Dinner in Hall the toast of Floreat Aula was proposed by the Rev. Dr. D. C. Simpson, Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, (Chaplain and Tutor , 1911-14) in happily reminiscent vein.

OF THE CHAPEL.

The Right Rev. the Bishop of Chichester preached on Sunday, November 22.

111

Chapel

OF THE NEW LIBRARY.

B. F. A. Geoghegan has succeeded L. T. Podmore as Librarian.

OF NuMnERS.

There were in residence during Michaelmas Term .14 Bachelors of Arts and 148 undergraduates. The number of Freshmen admitted was 5o.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

OF THE J. C.R. The officers of the ] .C.R. elected for the academical year 1936-37 are: President, B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave; Steward, P. N. Le Mesurier.

J. L. Pinniger has been re-appointed Junior Treasurer. ...Ill

APUD LONDONIENSES

T

HE London Dinn er of the Aularian Association was held at the Florence Restaurant on Monday, January 13th, 1936.

Mr. J. C. Toland took the chair and proposed the toast Floreat Aula. H e said he was proud to be the first business man who had proposed the toast, spoke in fine appreciation of the Principal's sen-ices to the Hall, and with a felicitous anecdote from the commercial world prayed for the continued support of the London dinner.

The Principal, who was greeted with acclamation, declared how pleaserl he was once again to have the opportunity of meeting the London members of the Association. He refused to make a set speech, leaving the pages of the Magazine to tell the fulJ story of the Hall's progress . The dinner resolved into a pleasant conversazione which was continued until a late hour.

Some thirty members were present.

L. W. HANSON.

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION HE Executive Committee met in the Principal's Lodgings at +30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 23rd, 1936. There were present: The Principal, Canon Ollard, Canon Armytage, the Rev. K. 1\1. Ffinch, Dr. Keene, the Rev. F. McGowan, the Rev. H. vV. Thorne and Mr. L. vV. Hanson.

The Annual General Meeting was held after the Reunion Dinner, th e Principal in the chair. The minutes of the preceding meeting had been published in the Magazine and were taken as read.

In the enforced absence of the Hon. Treasurer, who was in Scotland, and of the Hon. Auditor, who was detained by the affairs of the Oxford City Council, the Principal read the accounts, which disclosed a balance of ÂŁ426 15s. gd., easily a record .

1¡ > The Principal proposed the re-election of Mr. ] . B. Allan as Hon. Treasurer. The satisfactory balance was sufficient evidence of his continued zeal. The proposition was carried unanimously . l\fr. L. W. Han son was re-elected Hon. Secretary and Mr. H. C. Ingle Hon. Auditor, both on the proposition of the Principal, who

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referred to Mr. Ingle's very keen interest in all the affairs of the Hall.

The Principal outlined the recommendations of the Executive Committee for the disposal of the credit balance. These were unanimously adopted. It was agreed to allocate £120 to the foundation of an Exhibition in Modern Languages. £50 was granted to the fund for providing Exhibitions for the sons of old members, and £, 100 was voted towards the expense of sending the Eight to Henley.

Under Rule 9 the retiring members of the Executive Committee were the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene and the Rev. C. vV. Fisher. Dr. Keene was re-elected and the R ev. H. vV. Thorne appointed to fill the place vacated by the resignation of the Rev. C. W. Fisher.

It was agreed to hold the next m eeting on Tuesday, June 22, 1937.

L. w. HANSON.

THE REUNION, 1936 HE Fourteenth Reunion of Old Members was held on Tuesday, June 23, 1936. After Evensong in Chapel dinner wag served in the Dining Hall . There were present: The Right Rev. Bishop H. L. Wild, the Rev. Canon S. L. Ollard, the Rev. K. M. Ffinch, the Rev. C. W. Fullmer, the Rev. Canon A. C. Hair, the Rev. C. J. Beresford, Mr. H. N . ffarington, the Rev. C. E . Burkitt, the Rev. Dr. A. C. Keene, the Re v. H. W. Thorne; the Rev . G. Green, the Rev. R. Shepheard, the Rev. Canon D. Armytage, the: Rev. L. H. Coles, the Rev. A. C. Davis, the Rev. A. H. Otway, the Rev. R. N. Lawson, the Rev. vV. A. Congdon, the Rev. P. B. Spriggs, the Rev. F. McGowan, Dr. P. T. Freeman, Mr. G. J. O'Connor, the Rev. R. B. White, the Rev. T. V./. Gilbert, the Rev. C. A. Plaxton, the Rev. J . W. Blair, Mr. D. E. Havergal, the Rev. B. P. Mohan, Mr. J. vV. Ford, Mr. J. C. Vv. Ludlow, Mr. L. W. Hanson, Mr. R . H . Barff, Mr. C. P. R. Clarke, Mr. C. G. Lawrence, Mr. R. Waye, Mr. C. J. Hayes , Mr. G. S. Keen, Mr. J. E. Frame, Mr. S. G. Rees and Mr. K. D. Luke.

The toast Flor eat A ulu was proposed by Canon Ollard in a happy speech, in which quotations from Boswell and the AngloS~xon Chronicle were felicitously employed to emphasise the ~irtu~s. 'of the Principal, his surpassing activity, and his masterl y mactiv1ty in regard to the portrait. The Principal in his reply congratulated Canon Ollard on his appointment as Canon of Windsor and recounted the past year's progress of the Hall.

T

L. '"'·

HA NSON.

ST. EDMUND HALL .MAGAZINE

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THE OLD LIBRARY

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HE Library has acqyired a letter in the handwriting of Edward Chamberlayne (matric. 1634), author of ; Angliae N otitia,' or The Present State of England- a forerunner of "W hitaker's Almanack- and one of the original members of the Royal Society. The letter, which is dated 2 February, 1660/1 and signed by three other persons besides Chamberlayne, is addressed to Sir Horatio Townshend, Bart., and is concerned with the requirements of the Commissioners for disbanding the Army in respect of the payment of arrears of assessment outstanding in the county of Norfolk.

There has been added to the Hearne collection a presentation copy of Bibliotheca ll earneiana., in which there is inserted a letter from the learned editor, Beriah Botfield. This book, of which Botfield had only 7 5 copies printed for private distribution, contains excerpts from a MS. Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Hearne.

'The Catalogue was preserved among the MSS. in the library of Botfield's country seat, Norton Hall, Northants.

Last year Mr. G. E . H. Grigson presented to the Library a copy of Dr. Moore's Contributions to the Textual Criticism of the ' Divina Com media,' containing eight letters from the author to the distinguished archaeologist, H. de la G. Grissell. There has this year been added to the Library another copy of the same work, the gift of the author to the Hon . W. W. Vernon. In it there are inserted several letters which Vernon received at different times from the Principal. The letter which accompanied the volume on its presentation runs as follows : Feb. 8, 1889.

s.

EDMUND HALL, OXFORD.

Mv

DEAR VERNON,

At last I have the very great pleasure of begging you to accept a copy of my Boole It arrived today and has not been in the house a few hours when it starts off on another journey to you. Indeed at present I have only been sent 2 copies , and it is a very great pleasure to me after all the kindness I have received from you and the truly magnificent additions that my Dante Library owes to you, that the very first, and at present only, copy at my disposal should be destined for you. I have been pretty hard at work since this passed out of my hands and am well on with the materials fo~ a nother Book, of a more generally interesting kind I hope, in the form of Miscellaneous Essays on subjects connected with Dante.

Indeed I am almost overwhelmed just now with the labour of preparing the Lectures of which I enclose a notice. I think it not impossible that these 3 Lectures may form the nucleus of a small

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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work as I find the subject grows very much as I go on, both in bulk 'and interest (to me at least). I have not heard anything of you now for a long time· but I hope you are well and trust Mrs. Vernon is much better than when I sa'w you last. With our united very kind regards to her and to yourself . ir · Believe me Yours very sincerely E. MOORE Canon Gilbanks has generously presented to the Library a copy of the New Testament in Greek printed in Paris in 1550 at the press of Robert ~tienne.

The request made in the 1934 issue of the Magazine to members of the Hall, past and present, to hand over for safe keeping in the Archives old minute-books of Hall Clubs or Societies continues to bear fruit. The following minute-books have been deposited in the Archives during the course of this year:JUNIOR COMMON ROOM : Minute Book: Mich. Term 1926-Trinity Term 1933.

Guu.n OF ST. EDMUND : ' Minute Book: May 8, 1896-November 7, 1910.

LES DIX-HUIT :

Minute Book : Mich. Term 1933 - Hilary Term 1934.

There have also been presented to the Library several copies of The S. Edmund Hall Tribune. This enterprising periodical was produced within the Hall, partly in manuscript and partly in typescript. The first two numbers were issued in Hilary Term 1910.

The set that has been given to the Library is incomplete. If there are Aularians who still have copies in their possession it is to be hoped that through their willingness to present any of the missing . numbers a complete run of this precursor of The St. Edmund Hall Magazine may be brought together for preservation in the Old Library.

In addition to those already noted, the following books of Aularian interest have been presented to the Old Library during the year:By the Principal : CARLETON, George, Bishop of Carlisle (matric. 1577) : A Than~full Remembrance of God's Mercie. pp. xii+ 227. London, 162<fj1'4tO. <?ARPENTER, Nathaniel, F ellow of Exeter (matric. 16o5) : Achitophel, o·r The Picture of a wicked Politician. London, 1638, 12mo.

The following books have also been presented, for which very grateful acknowledgment is here made :-

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

By M·r. William 1vf. Wrig ht, M .A ., St . John's College :

Trattato Pio et Christiano dello Specchio di Croce. By Fr. Dominico Calvalca da Vico Pisano, O.P. Vinegia, 1565, 8vo.

Hy Mr. B. E. Toland:

H emici de Bracton de Legibu.s et Consuetudinibus'-iA nglia e, Libri Qui11qu.e. London, 1640, 8vo.

A.B .E.

THE ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND ACKNOvVLEDGE once again most g ratefully on behalf of the Hall the continued support which the Endowment and Extension Fund is receiving from Aularians. This Fund was instituted in 1932 on the occasion of the 25oth Anniversary of the Consecration of the Chapel of the H all and of the completion of the Chapel and Library Building. The support given by Aularians to th is Fund has been of material assistance in helping the H all to meet the cost of the erection of the Canterbury Building in 1934 . .

The larger the Fund grows the sooner can new developments for the H all be undertaken. I fully recognize that there are bound to be many Aularians who will only be able to s upport the Fund in very modest measure; but I hope that all w hom the Magazine reaches may see their way to make some contribution year by year, however small .

A.B.E. s. d. £ Total brought forward 141 6 13 8 o J. B. Allan (total £3 3s.) o Mrs. T. K. Allen (total £5 5s.) ...

Rev. Canon D. Armytage (total £26 5s.) :i 5 o I 0 Right Rev. the Bishop of Bermuda 10 o Rev. W. L. Bunce (total £2 10s.)

10 6 H'. Cloke (total £1 11s. 6d .) .. . . ..

2 o 2 Rev. Canon P. Cunningham (total £4 2s.)

I o _D. K. Daniels (total £4 4s.)

0 0 J. M. Edmonds (total £4) 10 6 A. E . Ellis (total £2 2s.)

I o Rev. F. J. Fish (total £10 10s.)

I 0 Rev. C. W. Fisher (total £3 3s.)

0 I 10 Rev. J. D. Fox (total £3 1s. ) 2 2 0 .. .

G. H . Franey (total £6 6s.)

I o I Dr. P. T . Freeman (total £5 5s .)

2 2 o S . N . Godfrey (total £6 6s.)

2 2 o Rev. R. G. Griffiths (total £5 5s. ) o o L. W. H anson (total £5) I 0 L. N . Harvey (total £2 2s.)

0 0 J. R. Hayston . . . ...

5 0 0 Rev. S. A. H owa rd (total £20)

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ST. EDl\lUND HALL MAGAZINE H. C. Ingle (total £25) ...

Rev . LI. R . McDermid (total £'3) . ..

V. W . Miles (total £3) ...

K. A. Mui r (total £5) W.R. Niblett (total £2 12s . 6d.)

Right Rev . Bishop Allen (total £20) S . F . Parsons P. J. Sandison (total £6) R. Sayle (total £20) ...

R. Sim (total £375) E. Urry C. D. Walker (total £4) . ..

Rev. G. S. Wamsley R. Waye P . G. Welford A. D. Yates P. Young (total £10) Receipts from sale of reprints of view of t he Q uadrangle from the Oxford A.lmanack

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THE 'SAINT EDM UNO HALL ' N Thursday afternoon, February 6, the ' Saint Edmund Hall,' the latest engine of the ' Hall' Class to be constructed at the G. , i\'. R. Works at Swindon, came to Oxford, and, in the presence of Mr. J. A. Kislingbury, Locomotive Divisional Superintendent, Mr. W . F loyd, Chief Mechanical I nspector, Mr. Allan Davies, Locomotive Inspector, a nd a large gathering of members· of the Hall, · was inaugurated by the Principal by the sounding of three blasts on i.t s whistle. Presentation was made of a framed photograph of the new engine to the Principal. A shield bearing the arms of the H all was handed by the Principal to Mr . Samsworth, the Locomotive Foreman in charge of the Engine S hed at Oxford Station, where, appropriately enough, the ' Saint Edmund · H a ll ' was to take up its reside nce. The driver of the engine was given an ashtray bearing t he arms of the Hall. T.he Hall owes it to the initiative of Mr. , i\'. F loyd that this engine should bear its name . ' "-''ho is there who wo uld not feel gratified if a railway-engine were to be named after him? Tam A.u.lae qu.am aliis.

T he ' Saint Edmund Hall' is an engine of the two-cylinder 4-6--o type. It is fitted with outside cylinders, 18.t in. diameter by 30 in. stroke, and piston valves . The coupled wheels are 6 ft. diameter, and the bogie wheels 3 ft. diameter. It has a standard

O

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No. 1 boiler with conical barrel and a Belpaire firebox, the working pressure being 225 lbs. a square inch, and, at 85 per cent. of the boiler pressure, the tractive effort equals 27 ,275 lbs ., as compared to 24,395 lbs. of the ' Saint ' class . The cab is similar in pattern to those fitted to the ' King ' and ' Castle ' classes , being provided with side windows and extended roof. The total weight of the engine when it is empty is 6g tons. The tender is of the standard Great Western six-wheel pattern, equipped with water pick-up apparatus. The water capacity is 3,500 gallons and the coal capacity six tons . The tender, when it is empty, weighs 22 tons . 1ocwt.

The engines of the ' Hall ' class are designed to work secondary express passenger and express goods trains. For these technical particulars I am indebted to the editor of the Great Western Railway Magazine and to the Rev. R. G. R. Calvert.

A.B .E.

¡ OPUS AFRICANUM ' J\ N altar frontal of very attractive f i been made out of bark-cloth at

colouring and design has Chipili, in Northern Rhodesia, for use in the Chapel of the Hall. Never before, in all probability, has this primitive materiaJ been employed for such a purpose in this country . The idea originated with Padre G. I. Fiennes, one of the pri ests of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. ¡ In January, 1935, a n article which Padre Fiennes had been as ked to contribute to Central Africa, the monthly periodical of the Miss ion, caught my attention. In this artide, which gave an account of the Church of the African Martyrs that he had designed and built at Ndola, he described an experiment that he had made in using bark-cloth embroidered with palm-fibre as a dorsal to decorate the wall behind the altar. ' Ba rk-cloth,' as Padre Fiennes explained in his article, ' was at one time used extensively to make blankets and clothing, until the advent of native stores and their stocks of cheap and bright-coloured woven materials killed the demand for it. In many parts it is now unobtainable, but there a re still a number of old men in the Chipili District who are making it . .. Bark-cloth is not woven, but consists of a number of strips of bark pressed together by frequent knocking with a mallet while in a damp condition. In the Chipili District the processes are hedged round with a certa in amount of secrecy, and the work is not generally don e openly in the middl e of the village.'

'O PUS AFRI CANUM.'

\I \\"A\" .\ P U \"G \\ "E .-\T \\" ORK.

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Padre Fiennes went on to claim for this cloth that it was very pleasing to look at, owing to the play of light on the roughness of its surface and to the blending of varying shades of colour which range from golden brown to dove grey. At the same time he admitted that it is difficult to handle owing to its tendency to stretch. ' It is no small tribute,' he said, ' to the dexterity of the bark-cloth makers that they are able to sew together small squares to make a large piece so that the joints are almost invisible.' He then prpceeded to tell how he had noticed that ' a rent in a piece of bark-cloth had been very neatly darned with some kind of crossstitch, and that the white palm-fibre used for the purpose, which is not unlike raffia, looked pleasing on the dark background.' On seeing this it had occurred to him that this stitch might be used for the purpose of embroidery. He had then tried the experiment of drawing out a design based largely on native patterns and of persuading Mwanapungwe, the maker of the bark-cloth, to embroider it under his direction. The experiment succeeded ; within three weeks the dorsal for the Martyrs' Church, Ndola, had been completed.

On reading this description and looking at the illustration that accompanied it I was attracted by the idea of setting Mwanapungwe to work under Padre Fiennes's skilled direction to make and embroider an altar frontal for use in the Hall Chapel, where it would serve as a reminder to us not only of the missionary work of the Church, and especially of that of the U.M.C.A., but also of the many Aularians who, whether as priests, civil servants or schoolmasters, are working among the native peoples of Africa. On taking steps to place myself in communication with Padre Fiennes I found that he happened to be home on leave and so was able to arrange a meeting with him in Oxford, when the proposal was discussed and the necessary measurements taken.

For some time I heard nothing more of the project. In November this year, however, I received a letter from Padre B. Higgins telling me that the altar frontal had been made and that he had brought it back with him from Chipili, and that he was ready to hand it over. When in due course we came to unroll it in the Chapel and try it in position, we found that in design and colouring it accorded admirably with the mellow setting¡ of the cedar wainscot and oak stalls.

Some details concerning the making of the frontal will be of interest. Padre Fiennes was not able himself to superintend the work, as he had been transferred from Ghipili to another part of the diocese, but having made the design he sent it to Padre Higgins

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with full instructions. After a large number of pieces of bark-cloth had been bought from various natives, and the best pieces selected, Mwanapungwe was called in to sew these pieces together. Then followed the difficult business of trimming the large conjoint piece so as to obtain straight edges and to ensure that it hung right without undue kinking. After this had been done and the pattern had been outlined on it in white paint, Mwanapungwe was again called in to do the embroidery . Here there was some delay, as he found difficulty in obtaining the particular kind of palm-fibre that he needed. When he had obtained what he required he set to very quickly and finished his work in ¡ a little over a week . It then only remained to apply red and black paint to the pa rts of the design that Padre Fiennes wanted so coloured. On its arrival in Oxford it only needed to be lined; and this was done in Messrs. Mowbray's workshops. All who see it will, I am sure, agree that Padre Fiennes, with the aid of Mwanapungwe, Padre Higgins, Miss Greenwood and other helpers, has produced a frontal pf singular interest and beauty.

Appropriately enough, it was used in Chape~ for the first time on St. Andrew's Day. A.B.E.

OBITUARY ROBERT GARLAND PLUMPTRE The Reverend Robert Garland Plumptre, M.A., Vice-Principal of the Hall from 1889 to 1893, died in Oxford on August 8 at the age of 70. A scholar of Exeter College, he obtained a First in Theology in 1889 after having read Classical Moderations and ' Great.s.' In the same year he was appointed by Dr. Moore to be Vice-Principal of the Hall, in succession to the Rev. G. F. Lovell, and ordained deacon by Bishop Stubbs. Plumptre used to relate that when he went up to Cuddesdon at the time of his ordination he was greeted by the Bishop, who well knew the reputation of Plumptre's predecessor in the Vice-Principalship as a fine breeder of dachshunds, with the remark: ' What's happened to Lovell?

Gone to the dogs? ' During the four years that he was VicePrincipal he identified himself closely with the life of what was then a very small community. The encouragement that he gave to the Boat Club is commemorated by the Silver Cup which he gave in 18g2 for the winners of a four-oared race, and which since 1931 h;as been awarded to the winners of the Senior aod Junior Sculls.

He was liked by all, for he was most friendly and generous; but

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he was of too gentle a spirit and too impractical in affairs ever to be happy in administration.

In 1893 he resigned the Vice-Principalship to become Domestic Chaplain and Secretary to the Bishop of Southwell, Dr. Riddingan appointment particularly congenial to him, as he was the member of an ancient Nottinghamshire family. His readiness to be helpful and his unfailing courtesy won for him the warm regard of all the clergy in the diocese. In 1898 he went to be Vicar of Downton, an attractive little place on the Avon to the south of Salisbury. After he had been there twelve years he suffered a mental breakdown, and although he recovered later, he was never free subsequently from returns of this affliction, which in ~he first instance had been brought about in large measure through his complete disregard of himself and to his restless activity in the service of others. In 1912 he was well again and able to accept a curacy at Easton, near Winchester, but in 1919 another breakdown obliged him to rest from work. But he later recovered his health and was able to officiate in the dioceses of Winchester and Southwark, first at Yattendon and afterwards at St. Nicholas, Plumstead, and subsequently to act as English Chaplain at Nice and from 1925 to 1927 at Ostende. Then came a final relapse.

Throughout his life he maintained his interest in theological studies and was fond of \Vriting hymns and poems. Comparatively late in life he set himself to learn Russian. Another task to which he applied himself in his latter years was the formation of an Historical Register of members of the Hall, but it is not known whether he ever brought the work to completion.

He married Constance Moore, eldest daughter of Dr. Moore (Principal, 1864-1913), and leaves a son and a daughter.

CHARLES PREEDY The Reverend Charles Preedy, M.A., died at Everton, Sandy, Bedfordshire, on January 26, aged So. He entered the Hall in Easter Term, 1875, having previously been a Non-Collegiate student. He was the first boy from St. Echvard's School, then situate in New Inn Hall Street, to join the University. He graduated in 1876 and two years later was ordained to the curacy of St. Mary's, Wolverhampton. In 188o he became curate of Birchington in the Isle of Thanet, and in 1882 moved to the parish of St. John the Baptist, Nottingham, and in 1883 to that of St. Thomas, Huddersfield. From 1885 to 1890 he was curate of Holy Trinity, Guildford, and from 1890 to 1900 of Crayford, Kent. In the latter year he was appointed Vicar of Stalisfield, near Faversham, which benefice

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he held for thirty-one years. In 1931 he retired and went to live at Everton in Bedfordshire.

FREDERICK LUKE HOLLAND MILLARD The Reverend Frederick Luke Holland Millard, M.A., died at Sidcup on December 4, aged 71. He was the eldest son of the Rev. F.¡ Millard and was born at St. Kitts in the West Indies. He matriculated as a member of the Hall in Hilary Term, 1884, and graduated three years later, having obtained a Second in the Honour School of Theology. After his ordination in 1889 he became VicePrincipal of Durham Training College. In 1891 he was appointed Diocesan Inspector of Schools in the Diocese of Carlisle. During the seven years that he held this post he was also engaged in parochial work, first as curate of Warrington and later as curate of St. Cuthbert's, Carlisle. In 1898 he was appointed Vicar of Aspatria. Seven years later he moved to St. Aidan's, Carlisle, where he was Vicar for seventeen years. During these years he took an important part in diocesan work. From 1906 to 1918 he represented the diocese of Carl.isle as a P.r octor in Convocation, and from 1911 to 1916 he was Rural Dean of Carlisle North. At the same time he gave evidence in his writings of his great interest in religious education. His Handbook to St. Mark was published in 1901; there followed in 1904 Some Aspects of Religious Life and his History of Elementary Education. The books which came later from his pen gave evidence of his pastoral gifts : The Last Words, published in 1910, Short Village Homilies in 1916, and, after the War, Res lnvicta in 1923 and God's Ordinance in 1930.

In 1922 he left Carlisle to become Rector of Cold Norton with North Fambridge in Essex. After four years he exchanged this small country living for the large South London parish of St. John the Evangelist, Angell Town, Brixton. It was only recently after a long and courageous battle against ill-health that he resigned his Brixton parish and went to live at Sidcup.

CHARLES WALTER LLOYD EVANS The Reverend Charles Walter Lloyd Evans, D.D., died at Parkstone on March 4, aged 69. He came up to the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1887. On graduating B.A. in 1890, he went to Salisbury Theological College and was ordained to the curacy of Shireshead, Lancashire, in 1891. In 1892 he went as cur-ate to All Saints, Heaton Norris, and subsequently held curacies at Netherscale and Edgbaston. He was appointed in 1897 Vicar of Black-

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fordby with Smisby, Leicestershire. After eight years m that parish he moved in i907 to the vicarage of Milborne St. Andrew with Dewlish, in Dorset, from which benefice he retired in i931.

CHARLES JOHN BERESFORD The Reverend Charles John Beresford, M.A. , Rector of St. George's-in-the-East, died suddenly on November 20 at the age of 68. He came up to the University from Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield, as a Non-Collegiate student in Michaelmas, i887, and migrated to the Hall two terms later. He obtained a Second in Honour Classical Moderations, and a Secopd in the Honour School of Theology. He was ordained in i891 to the curacy of St. P eter's, Coventry, and moved in i 894 to Holy Trinity, Sittingbourne. In i898 he accepted an invitation to become SubWarden of the S.P.C.K. Training College for Lay Workers at Stepney. S.ix years later he became Warden. During the twentyone years that he presided over the College he did a great work, and after he ceased to be W a rden he continued to be the heart and soul of every g athering of former members. In i925 the Bishop of London appointed him to the important East London rectory of St. George's-in-the-East. Last year he was elected President of Sion College.

The Times in its o~ ituary describes him as 'one of those quiet workers whose beneficent influence is felt in many directions and often passes unrecognised . . . H e was a faithful and efficient member of innumerable committees, one who avoided controversy, used few words, but was always ready with the right word to point the way to a just and commonsense policy . . . Music was his chief personal recreation, but it was much more than that. He used his musical interests, like all else , for the benefit of others.

He organised a special choir in his pari sh to demonstrate the possibilities of fine singing among people of small education, and took his choir to sing wherever their services were sought. He was the mainspring of the People's Palace Festival, one of the best in the London district, until the destruction of the Palace by fire made it necessary to suspend activities . He wa& a member of the Central Board of Competition Festivals from its format.ion, and for the last eight years had been cha irman of the Federation of Musical Competition Festivals in succession to Sir Hepry Harlow. His work in that direction was of national importance, since the Federation co-ordinates popular music-making all over the country, and its chair.man has to deal personally with all kinds of musicians, professional and a mateur. His interest in Church music was natur-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ally paramount, and he was a devoted member of the Church Music Society's Committee, one of whose meetings he attended only a few days before his death. As President last year of Sion College he organised a series of lectures on Church music there.

In all these and many other' activities, Mr. Beresford's kindliness, freedom from fussiness, and above all his wise judgment, were the qualities which endeared him to his coll.eagues.' His death removes an outstanding figure in the Church life of East London.

He showed himself a most loyal member of the Hall: he was ever generous in his support of its new undertakings, and regular in his attendance at its gatherings. It was typical of him that last year, notwithstanding a recent fall which necessitated his walking with the aid of two sticks, he came to preside, with genial fatherliness, over the London dinner of the Aulari-an Association.

FREDERICK GOLDSWORTHY CROOM The Reverend Frederick Goldsworthy Croom, M.A., Vicar of St. Cuthbert's, Philbeach Gardens, Kensington, died suddenly at Canterbury on May 10, aged 67. He was the only son of Mr. Edmund F. Croom, one of the founders of the Guild of All Souls.

He early came under the influence of Father Tooth, whose close friendship he ever after enjoyed. He came up to the Hall from the Haberdashers' School in Michaelmas Term, 1892. On taking his degree he went to E_ly Theological College and from there was ordained in 18<)7 to a curacy in the Collegiate Church of St. Saviour, Southwark. Two years later, attracted by the work which Bishop Vyvyan was doing at the Charterhouse Mission, he went there as Assistant Missioner. From 1907 to 1911 he had charge of the Mission. It was during these years in Southwark that he became well known as a mission priest.

In 1911 he was appointed Vicar of St. Michael's, Shoreditch.

The great impression that he made there still lives. After fourteen years in the East End he was made Vicar of St. Cuthbert's, Philbeach Gardens, in succession to its priest-founder, Father Westall. His activities were many-sided. He was Warden of the Guild of the Servants of the Sanctuary for many years. He was also Warden of the Guild of All Souls, as had been his father. He displayed his solicititude for the mentally afflicted as Chaplain to the Society of the Crown of Our Lord and also as Chaplain to St. Luke's Mental Hospital, Old Street, where he won the regard of many well-known mental specialists. For over thirty years he was the Commissary of the Bishops of Zululand and the presen.t Bishop writes of him : ' Father Croom has probably done more work for

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ZuluJ.and than any other priest in England.' He was for some years Proctor in Convocation for the Diocese of London . The Anglo-Catholic Movement has found in him an influential counsellor. It was in his house that the idea of the first Anglo-Catholic Congress was propounded.

'He never permitted,' writes one who knew him well, ' these manifold interests to override his spiritual responsibilities. He was one of the most experienced of confessors, as many thousands will testify. A devoted priest himself, he trained many who are well known to-day in the ranks of the Catholic clergy. In his last illness he was always an example of cheerfulness, hope and courage, and he was at work dictating letters to within a few hours of his death.'

His affection for the Hall and his interest in its activities were evident. He has left a characteristic memorial of this in his bequest of ÂŁ100 towards the augmentation of the Liddon Exhibition Fund which is for the support of undergraduate members seeking ordination.

A.B.E .

UT FAMA EST On December 18 a portrait in oils, painted by Mr. R. G. Eves, A.R.A., was presentedâ&#x20AC;˘ to Dr. H. H. Williams, Bishop of Carlisle (Principal 1913-20), as a tribute from his diocese on his completion of fifteen years as Bishop. The portrait is to be added to the collection of portraits of Bishops of Carlisle in Rose Castle. A copy of the portrait was at the same time presented to Mrs. Williams.

Members of the Hall who as undergraduates knew the Bishop and Mrs. vVilliams will learn with thankfulness that Mrs. Williams has made good recovery from a serious operation which she underwent during the autumn.

Dr. G. B. Allen, Bishop of Sherborne (Principal 1920-28) has been appointed Assistant Bishop and Archdeacon of Oxford, and Canon of Christ Church. In no quarters will his return to Oxford be more heartily welcomed than by Aularians. During the eight very strenuous years that he has spent in the diocese of Salisbury he made on all sides a deep impression, and the news of his departure was received there with dismay . His accessibility, his understanding of country people, his ready grasp of parochial problems, his energetic dispatch of business had endeared him to the clergy and people of \Viltshire and Dorset, where he had at one time or another visited every parish that lay within the dio-

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cese, however small or however remote. We .extend to him our very best wishes for his work in a diocese even more unwieldy, where the need for the exercise of these same gifts is very great.

The cordial congratulations of the Hall are due to the Rev. Canon S. L. Ollard .(Vice-Principal 1903-13) on his appointment to a Canonry in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. His preferment will be hailed with very great pleasure by all members of the Hall who know him as a well-merited recognition of his distinguished gifts as a Church historian.

The Rev. Canon L. Hodgson (Vice-Principal, 1914-19) is to be congratulated on the publication of hjs Bishop Paddock Lectures, The Grace of God in Faith and Philosophy, which he delivered at the General Theological Semina ry, New York, in 1935¡ The Rev. A. M. Farrer (Chaplain and Tutor 1931-35) has been appointed a Select Preacher to the University. He preached the Assize Sermon on January 20.

The Rev. G. Basil Jones (Chaplain l91g-20) has been elected Professor of Theology at Bishops' University, Lennoxville, Quebec.

He is assured of the cordial congratulations and best wishe~ of the Hall on his appointment.

Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad has been appointed District InsP<?ctor of Schools in Deccan. rhe Rev. Canon J. Vi/. Akam is to be congratulated on his appointment to an Honorary Canonry in Carlisle Oathedral.

Mr. H. J. Andrews has been appointed an assistant master at Munro College, Jamaica.

The Rev. L. C~ Baber has been appointed to a curacy at the parish church, Sutton Coldfield.

Mr. I. E. N. Besley has relinquished his commission in the Royal Army Service Corps and has been appointed an assistant master at Farnborough School, Holme Park, Sonning-on-Thames.

Mr. J. E. Beswick was married on January .1 to Miss Kathleen Bell at Cockermouth.

The Rev. G. T. Brett has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Cleme.nt's, Bradford.

Mr. P. J. Britton has been appointed an assistant master at Hilton College, Natal.

The Rev. A. F . Buchanan is to be congratulated on the publication of his second book of poems, Echoes of Resurrection and Bathsheba, by the Oxford University Press.

Mr. E. J. R. Burrough has joined the staff of the British Hospitals Association . He is to be congratulated on the birth of Simon Jerome on August 29.

THE RIGHT REV. THE BISHOP OF CARLISLE (PRINCIPAL, 1913- -1919).

Portrait painted by Mr . R. G. E ves, A.R . A. , and presented to th e Bishop as a tribute from his diocese.

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The Rev. R. G. R. Calvert has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at SS . Peter and Paul, Mitcham.

The Rev. E. P. Carter was married on February 8 to Miss Elizabeth George at Carr's Lane Chapel, Birmingham. He is working on the staff of the S. Wales and Monmouthshire Council of Social Service.

Mr. Vv. Charlton is to be congratulated on playing for England against \Vales in Association Football and on winning his international cap.

Mr. A. R. Ctark has retired froin the CoJonial Administrative Service and is living at Nether Velly, near Clovelly.

Mr. C. P. R. Clarke has been appointed Assistant County Education Officer for Hampshire. H e was married on August 29 to Miss Beryl Cowie, M.A. (Glasgow), of Wishaw, Lanarkshire.

Mr. G. D. Cluer was married on April 14 to Miss Kathleen Mary Patricia Watson, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Watson, at St. Mary the Virgin-at-Walls, Colchester.

Mr. A. B. Codling has been appointed an assista nt master at the Grammar School, Cowbridge, GJamorganshire . .

The Rev. W. A. Congdon,. Vicar of Clearwell, has been appointed Rural Dean of South Forest.

The Rev . H. M. Crabbe has been appointed Vicar of Temple Balsall, Birmingham.

We are very glad to note that the Rev . Canon G. J. A. d'Arcy, Vicar of VI/ orksop, has so well regained his health that he has been able to revoke his decision to retire. It is to be hoped that he may now be able to see the completion of the restoration of the priory church a t Worksop for which he has done so much.

Mr. F. E. R. Ducker has joined the staff of the London Press Exchange.

Mr. J. M. Edmonds was married on May 27 to Miss Josephine Reynolds.

The Rev. \V. G. Fallows has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at Holy Trinity, Leamington Spa. The Rev. F. M. A. Farrer has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary's, Applethwaite, Windermere.

Mr. N. G. Fisher has been appointed Senior History Master at The Bee School, S. London.

Mr. G. A. Forrest, Grays Inn, is to be congratulated on his appointment as Lecturer in Law in the University of Bristol.

The Rev. J. D. Fox has been appointed Vicar of Wardington, near Banbury.

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Mr . D. J. Gillam has been appointed Professor of English at the 'f:cole Superieure de Commerce' at Neuchatel.

Mr. S. N. Godfrey, H.M.I., has moved from Nottingham to Manchester.

The Rev. G. Green on his return from Melbourne has been appointed Vicar of Great Easton, Market Harborough.

Mr. E. C. R. Hadfield has joined the staff of the London office of the Oxford University Press.

Mr. L. W. Hanson is to be congratulated on the publication of Gin 1ernment and the Press, r695-r763, by the Clar'endon Press.

Mr. A. W. Henderson, who is with Shell-Mex, has seen transferred from Havana to Buenos Aires.

The Rev. J. N. C. Holland, R.N ., has been appointed Chaplain to H.M.S. Sh¡r opshire .

The Rev. T. H. Horsfield has returned from the Gold Coast for reasons of health, and is acting as assistant priest at Wantage.

Mr. E. E. Hughes has been appointed an assistant master at Ryde School, Isle of Wight.

The Rev. H . L. Hustwayte has been appointed Rector of Combe Martin, N. Devon.

Mr. S. Iguchi has been appointed Japanese Consul at Chicago.

Mr. G. E. Janson-Smith has resigned his appointment as tutor to the sons of the Maharaj Kumar of Kutch and returned to England. He is to be congratulated on the birth of Michael on December 21.

Mr. A. Jenkins has been appointed sub-editor of Nash's Magazine.

Mr . M. F. Jerrom has been a ppointed an assistant master at the High School for Boys, Southend-on-Sea. The Rev. J. N. Keeling has been appointed Vicar of Newhey, Rochdale.

Mr. L. Vv. Kennan has been gazetted 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Army Service Corps and is stationed at Aldershot.

Dr. A. P. Kingsley is to be congratulated on the birth of Derek Peter on June 28.

Professor G. Wilson Knight is to be congratulated on the publication of Principles of Shakespearian Production by Messrs.

Faber and Faber.

The Rev. W. J. Lancaster has been appointed Vicar of St. J ude's, Preston.

Mr. J. N. VI/ . Leech, Inner Temple, was called to the Bar on J anuary 27.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE The Rev. H. Livesey has been appointed Head of Cambridge House, Camberwell.

The Rev. Dr. T. H. D. Long has been obliged owing to illhealth to resign the vicarage of Marton, Rugby.

The Rev. P. N. Longridge has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at Christ Church, Southgate.

The Rev. R. ]. Lowe has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Andrew's, Hoxton.

The Rev. vV. vV. S. March has been appointed assistant priest at Brighton Parish Church.

Mr. G. E. Marfell was married on April 9 to Miss Kathleen Forbes.

The Rev. E. L. Millen has been appointed a Priest Vicar in \ i\Tells Cathedral.

The Rev. B. P. Mohan has been appointed Vicar of St. John's, Penge.

The Rev. A. R.H. Morris was married on December 17, 1935, at St. Mary's, Letchworth, to Miss Margaret Hope Mander, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Mander, of Gisborne, New Zealand, and has since returned to New Zealand to be Vicar of Wainpiro Bay, E. Coast.

The Rev. E . C . Mortimer has been appointed Vicar of Withycombe Raleigh, Exmouth.

The Rev. J. E. Mowll has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at the parish church, Normanton.

Mr. K. Muir was married on July 18 to Miss Mary E"ven, second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Ewen, of Blundellsands, Liverpool .

Mr. F. R. H. Murray was married in April, 1935, to Mauricette, only daughter of the late Count Bernhard and Countess Kuenburg, at Payerbach, Lower Austria.

Mr. J. C. Nield has been appointed an assistant master at Geelong Church of England Grammar School, Corio, Victoria.

The Rev. K. C. Oliver has been appointed Toe H Padre for the South London Area.

The Rev. C. R. Oilier has been appointed on ordi nation to a curacy at St. Mary-without-the-Walls, Chester.

Mr: J. R. Ormiston has become a partner in Somerville Preparatory Sc'hool, New Brighton.

Mr. H. R. Orton has been gazetted 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Army Service Corps and is stationed at Aldershot.

Mr. H. E. Packer was married on December 30 to Miss Catharine Whitby.

28

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

¡ The Rev. R. M. Parker has been appointed assistant priest at St. Andrew's, Surbiton.

The Rev. A. C. Parr has been appointed an assistant master at St. Andrew' s School, Singapore.

The Rev. C . A. Peacock, C.B.E ., has been appointed Vicar of West Tisted, Ropley, Hants.

The Rev. C. A. Plaxton is to be congratula ted on the birth of Edmund John Swithun on July 15.

Mr. F. G. Roberts is to be congratulated on the birth of John Antony George on December 4, 1935.

Mr. B. J. Rushby-Smith is to be congratulated on the birth of Herman John on September 28.

Mr. I. L. Serraillier has been appointed an assistant master at Wycliffe College, Stonehouse.

The Rev. C. C. Shaw has resigned his curacy at St. Michael's, Summertown, and has joined the Society of St. John the Evangelist as a postulant.

The Rev. A. E. Smith has been appointed to a curacy at Seaford.

Mr. J. P. Thorp has been appointed an assistant master at Wellington School, Somerset.

The Rev . J. H. Torrens has been appointed to a curacy at All Saints, West Ham. The Rev. H. H. Vickers has been appointed Vicar of Culgaith and Kirkland, Carlisle.

The Rev. G. S. Wamsley has. been appointed Priest-in-charge of a new mission church at Perivale Park, Greenford, Middlesex.

The cordial congratulations of the Hall are due to the Very Rev. E. R. Welles on his appointment as Dean of Albany, New York.

Mr. D. H. Willson has been appointed to the staff of the library of the Royal College of Veterinary Surge<?ns.

Mr. C . C. H. Worrall was married on December 31 to Miss Gertrude Bartley at All Saints, Ryde, Isle of Wight.

The Rev. Canon T. W. Wright on his retirement from the rectory .o f Peatling Parva, Rugby, has been made Canon Emeritus by the Bishop of Coventry in recognition of his 23 years of work in the diocese. Canon Wright has gone to live in Hove. " The Rev. J. C. Yates has been appointed Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Johannesburg.

The following Aularians living abroad have been in England this year :-Mr. G. S. Cansdale (Gold Coast), Mr. D. K. Daniels

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

29 .

(Tanganyika), Mr. J . M. Edmonds (Sudan), Mr. R. S. Foster (Tanganyika), Mr. R. L. Hill (Sudan), the Rev. J. L. Jenkins (India), Dr. M. M. Knappen (U.~.A.), Mr. C . J. Mabey (Sierra Leone), Mr. E. G. Price (C~ina), and Mr. P. J. Sandison (Sudan).

We have gathered the following particulars concerning those Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the Magazine: Mr. J. C. Adamson is with Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee and Co. Ltd. Mr. T. E. M. Ashton is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. G. B. Barner is with Messrs. Campbell, Harding, Goodwin and Danforth, Counsellors-at-Law, New York.

Mr. P. C. Birkinshaw has been appointed an assistant master at the Paston School, N. Walsham.

Mr. J. H. Boothroyd is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. M . R. Brown has been appointed an assistant master m the Junior School at Christ's Hospital.

Mr. R. F. Burnett has been appointed an assistant master at Mostyn House, Parkgate.

Mr. A. L. Crowe is reading¡ for a Diploma in Education at London University Training College.

Mr. R. A. Cruse has been appointed an assistant master at Bloxham School.

Mr. F. W. Dawson is with Messrs. Willey, Hargreave & Co., Solicitors, Pontefract, reading for the Law Society's Final .

Examination.

Mr. F. L. W. Eade is with Messrs. Thomas Hedley & Co. Ltd. Mr. M. Y. Ffrench-Williams has received an administrative appointment at Scotland Yard.

Mr. J . P . Gutch after having spent a few months at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green, goes to Cuddesdon College in January.

Mr. E. T. Halstead has been appointed an assistant master at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Barnet.

Mr. T. P. Hamerton, after spending Michaelmas Term teaching at a prepar-atory school in Carlisle, goes to Cuddesdon Coll ege in January. , Mr. R. C . Hastie Smith, after spending Michaelmas Term at ¡ Westcott House, Cambridge, goes out to the Gold Coast in January, to join the staff of Adisadel College, Cape Coast. He expects to resume residence at Westcott House in about two years time.

Mr. J.C. E. Hayter, after spending a few months at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green, goes to Westcott House, Cambridge, in January.

:.w

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. R. D. Hodgson is at the London offices of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire preparatory to taking up a post with the firm in the Far East.

Mr. 0. D. C. W. King-Wood is under-studying Mr . Robert Speaight in the part of Becket in Murder in the Cathedral.

Mr. J. Lee is at Mansfield College.

Mr. G. V.T. McNaught is with Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee & Co. Ltd. Mr. B. R. S. Mainwaring has joined the scientific staff of British Cod Liver Oil Producers (Hull) Ltd. Mr. F. Martin, after spending a few months at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green, goes to Cuddesdon College in January.

Mr. J. F. Martin is at Chichester Theological College.

Mr. W. A. Nield has been appointed Assistant Secretary to the New Fabian Research Bureau.

Mr. H. H. E. Peacock has been appointed an assistant master at St. John's School, Johannesburg.

Mr. L. T. Podmore has been appointed a traffic apprentice on the L.M.S. Railway.

Mr. K. R. Prebble is with Messrs. John Lewis & Co. Ltd., before proceeding to a theological college.

Mr. R. G. Pusey is at the Bishop's Hostel, Lincoln.

Mr. P. H . Rogers has been appointed an assistant master at Hailey bury.

Mr. T. M . F. Rogers is at Chichester Theological College.

Mr. J. C. C. Shapland has been given a commission in the Royal Army Service Corps and is quartered at Aldershot.

Mr. H. R . Thomas is working for the Civil Service Examination.

Mr. A. M. Urquhart is with a firm of solicitors at Bournemouth, reading for the Final Examination of the Law Society.

Mr. P. Witherington has been appointed an assistant maste1 at Derby School.

During the year the following Aularians have been ordained : Deacons .-G. T. Brett (Bradford); R. G. R. Calvert (Southwark); \V. G. Fallows (Coventry); F. M. A. Farrer (Carlisle); P. N. Longridge (London) ; R. J. Lowe (London); J . E. Mow II (Wakefield); C. R. Ollier (Chester).

Priests.-Rev. A. D. Browne (London); Rev. A. â&#x20AC;˘t:Toudgc -(London); Rev. S . A. R. Guest (Southwark); Rev. R. A. Hadenfeldt (Canterbury); Rev. C. S. Jones (Liverpool); Rev. E. L. Phillips (Gloucester); Rev. F. J. Tackley (Durham); Rev. G. B. Timms (Coventry) ; Rev. R. J. Vaughan (Bristol); Rev . J. G. " ' eatherston (London).

ST. EDl\lUND HALL MAGAZINE

SOCIETIES, 1936 DEBATING SOCIETY. HILARY 1~ERM, 1936.

President- J. C. CArK. Vice-P¡r esident- J. PLANT. Secretary -

R. L.

SHAHP.

The Debating Society would seem to have been hit by one of its cyclic crises during the Hilary Term of 1936. The Minutes record four meetings and the statistics of division s present a melancholy sequence of 'thin numbers .' The term's first debate was apparently lost by four votes to three - a fact suggestive of imminent decline and fall. Nevertheless, in the teeth of statistical evidence, memory insists on recording this first motion - that ' This House regrets the passing- of the age of the aspidistra and the canary ' - as ap extremely lively affair in which J. C. Adamson's impassioned defence of Victorianism moved many a li stener to tears, however irreverent.

On February 17 the Society entertained th e Senior Common Room to a debate on the motion ' This House has less respect for youth with a future than age with a past.' Proposed by W. G. Fallows and opposed by J. Plant, the Vice-Principal then rose to defend the cause of senility. He was followed by the Senior Tutor, who was no less passionately eloquent in the cause of ' green youth.' The Society was pleased, also, to welcome the Chaplain, whose maiden speech was rendered with such seeming a rtlessness and such actual dexterity that the appreciative House perceived it had taken unto itself a wily and experienced debater. The House apparently preferred to dream dreams than see visions, and the motion was lost.

The remaining debates of the term were more serious, and the term closed with two vigorously contested motions: ' That this House thinks that it is in the interests of civilisation to restrain the activities of scientists,' and ' This House approves th e rearmament of Britain.' At this last debate, which took place on March 2, the Society was pleased to welcome members of the Queen 's College Debating Society. The verbal fencing of militarists and pacifists - each hotly disputing the other's claim to the titJe of 'loyalist' - proved a peaceful battle , and if the supporters of the motion were finally outnumbered their retreat was definitely' in good order.'

In pri vate business the following officers were elected for the Trinity Term: P¡r esident, J. Plant; Vice-President, R. L. Sharp; Secretary, D. E. Newell.

J.C .C.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- J. PLANT. Vice¡President-R. L. SHARP. Secretary-D. E. NEWELL. At the first meeting of the term the motion, proposed by J. B. Harvey and A. W.W. Watson, 'that the formation of the Popular Front, to overthrow the National Government, is the only hope for international peace and national prosperity,' was defeated. The speaking of the proposers gave proof of their greater experience of public speaking, but J. P. Burrough and W. H. H. Waterfield presented the more convincing fac!s; Or was the motion defeated by the views held by the House before the debate? That was the view which the President took after the defeat of his motion ' that this House regrets the necessity of women in the world.' Again the speaking was of a low standard, and this may have been the cause of the smallness of the House throughout the term. R. R .

Rylands, advocating the slogan ' Know your England first,' was most interesting, but he, like all the speakers, excepting A. C. W ace and W. J. H. Liversidge, seemed to lack forcefulness. There are severa~ gentlemen who can produce interesting arguments, but few who seem prepared to obtain the practice which will enable them to make them potent.

J.P. ESSAY SOCIETY. 1936.

President-A. C. BAILEY. The essays this term drew most of their inspiratio11, as a.11 selfrespecting essays should, from those far from barren leaves of Science and Art, with the latter easily the more fertile of the two.

The note of angry impatie nce with untidy thinking on aesthetic questions was sounded in the opening essay, and echoed in several of those which followed. Despite considerable variety in treatment, the essayists almost all found themselves urged to evolve some set of positive values .in sheer self-defence against the dis~ ruptive forces of so-called enlightened psychology.

'Deus affiavit,' J. C. Cain's essay, was a spirited and sincere reduction to absurdity of the mystical conception of inspiration favoured by much modern criticism. Clear thinking and a careful allowance for the requirements of expressive technique should prove effective .i n killing the myth.

B. R . Coates's 'The Play's the Thing' proved to be an engrossing attempt to interpret 'Faust' in terms of its author's experience and beliefs. By linking up master with masterpiece exposition of literary theories could be cast .in a new mould.

HILARY TERM,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

33

In ' ¡Point of View' F. W. Dawson followed a running fire on contemporary theories in art and religion by a strong appeal for the return to authority in both these spheres.

Architecture was brought forward, in E. L. Wright's 'New Lamps for Old,' from _its usual position as Cinderella of the arts.

Building well was one of the finest of human activities, but could only survive if it avoided the extremes of ' pure art ' theories on the one hand and functionalism on the other.

'The Mysteries of Isis' was the title of an informative essay

by F. H. H. Finch on the history and activities of classical secret sociedes ; special reference was made to the Eleusinian mysteries and the_ir importance.

J. Park's ' Spare the Rod' was, as befitted the last essay of term, a comprehensive survey of European decline. This, the essayist decided, was chiefly a result of the paradox of progress, a rising standard of living with a falling standard of life. The collapse of civilisation provided a climax and a way out.

A. C. Bailey was re-elected President for the Michaelmas Term .

A.C.B. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President -A. C. BAILEY. Signs of something approaching systematic and concerted action, frequently remarked in the history of the Society, were more evident than ever this term. For all the essayists except the last two, who seemed to have reacted, set themselves to consider one phase or another of the struggle between culture and anarchy.

Consequently th e battle-ground of the Society's discussions has shifted from the pastures of Art, idyllic and obscure, to the dust and heat of social philosophi es.

W. H . Mitchell's 'Gold and Frankincense' was an energetic and well-calculated evaluation of the two vital forces of Christianity and Communism, whose clash, predominant already in intellectual circles, would soon sound throughout the world.

In 'The Fall of Modern Man' M. C. English followed up a historical survey of the moral decl ine since the Renaissance with a consideration of contemporary faithlessness in art and philosophy . ,.. ' Time to Live,' G. Worth' s essay, wa_s a vivid survey of the victimisation of the man in the street by the man in the office.

The way out was by no political revolution but rather by a humanising and simplifying of industry. ' Thus spake Zarathustra.' Nietzche, that first and most ruinous of the German Zeppelins, was the subject of stimulating exposition and analysis by B. W. ¡Cave-Browne-Cave.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

In ' Cogito Ergo? ' J. C. Cain returned to the much-chewed but ever-meaty bone of aesthetics. The 'pure' artistic responsethe orphan fathered so benevolently by Messrs. Bell and Fry-was carefully considered and rejected.

'Past.' In this essay A. C. Bailey attempted a consideration of past experience as a living force in consciousness, with special reference to its role in poetry and Proust.

A.C.B. JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY. HILARY TERM, 1936.

P·r esident-B. W. CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE. Secretary-£. G.

Crnn1s.

The term began with ' Street Scene ' by Elmer Rice, and its portrayal of American sociological problems gave most interesting reading. 'Socrates' by Bax followed, another very worth-while play, and the amusing period play 'And so to Bed' by Fagan. At the fourth meeting of term ' The Sleeping Clergyman ' by Bridie was read, and the fifth was made the occasion of a visit by St. Hugh's College Play-reading Society to read 'Queen of Scots.'

Most unfortunately it was found impossible to read 'Cyrano de Bergerac,' and so ' The Man with a Load of Mischief' was the play next chosen by the Society.

The last meeting proved most successful, the Principal being the guest of the Society at the reading of Shaw's 'Androcles and the Lion,' a play worthy to finish a very interesting term's reading.

A further meeting was arranged in the last few days of term to read ' Midsummer Night's Dream ' at the invitation of Somerville College Play-reading Society. · E. G. Curtis was elected President and J. C. Cain Secretary.

E.G.C. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- E. G.

CURTIS.

Secretary-]. C.

CAill/.

Noel Coward's' Design for Living' provided sparkling comedy for the first play of the term. ' Love for Love ' by Congreve was supported by a large attendance of members, and proved a conspicuous success.

The next meeting was held at the invitation of St. Hugh's College Dramatic Society to read 'Love's Labours Lost.'

At the fourth meeting 'The Green Bay Tree' by Shairp was read. The Somerville College Dramatic Society was entertained by the Society for a reading of J. B. Priestley's ' Dangerous Corner.' The play, because of its many crises, is essentially a play of the theatre, but it was nevertheless read with great effect.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

35

' Strange Orchestra ' proved a less satisfactory play than its predecessors. The last reading of the term, which was very well attended, was devoted to the reading of ' She passed through Lorr·a ine' with the Home Students.

J.C .C. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY. In general it may be · said that the past year has been one of continued or perhaps increased activity for the Society. The concerts were of a high standard and a great success. The Gramophone Section was very fortunate in being able to hold its meetings in the Principal's drawing-room throughout the year. Four meetings of this section have been held each term and each was well attended. We should like to take this opportunity to thank the Principal for his kindness and his interest in the Society's activities.

HILARY

TERM,

1936.

President-E. F. A. SUTTLE. Sec·r etary-B. F. A. GEOGHEGAN .

A concert was held in the Dining Hall on VVednesday, March I I, at 8.30 p.m., consisting of two groups of songs, sung by Miss Barbara Cass, and two groups for pianoforte with S. R. Dunlap as the soloist. S. R. Dunlap opened the programme with three items: Concerto in the Italian Style (Bach), Sonata in F major (Scarlatti), Allegro in C major . (Haydn). The whole group was most enjoyable. His rendering of the Bach Concerto was especially noteworthy ; his brilliant technique and sympathetic interpretation is almost beyond criticism - certainly beyond our criticism.

The applause which followed showed that the audience fully appreciated his performance. After the interval he played a further group: Fantasie-Impromptu, Etude in E major, and Scherzo in B flat minor (Chopin). .

Miss Cass chose songs by Arne and Purcell for her first group, and, by way of contrast, six songs by twentieth century composers in the second group. It must always be rather difficult for visiting artists to adapt themselves to the Hall , but Miss Cass sang as if it did not cause her any concern. She started with three songs b)' Arne : ' When Daisies Pied,' 'Arise, Sweet Messenger of Morn ' and ' Where the Bee Sucks,' and concluded the group with ' If Music be the Food of Love' and 'Nymphs and Shepherds' (Purcell). The second group was as follows: 'Shepherd's Song' (Elgar),' Cuckoo Song' (Quilter), 'Rest at Mid-day' (Janet Hamilton), ' Yarmouth Fair' (Peter Warlock), 'The Salley Gardens' (John Ireland), and 'When Childher Plays' (Walford Davies). The last-named was perhaps the most attractive of the whole group,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE but without exception Miss Cass gave a beautiful rendering of each song, and thoroughly deserved the encore, which if the audience had had their way, would have been encored again.

B.F.A.G. TRINITY TERM.

The Eights Week Concert was held in the Quadrangle on Monday, May 25, at 8.45 p.m. There was a good attendance-over a hundred tickets were issued-and we had an extremely lucky evening as far as the weather was concerned. The concert consisted c;f two groups of songs by Harry Beard (baritone), two groups for the pi路a no played by F. H. Trott, and two groups of Elizabethan madrigals sung by the Hall Madrigal Society.

Harry Beard's first group, consisting of Italian songs, was well chosen for his voice. He seemed to find no difficulty in adapting路 himself to the open air, and gave a 路very fine rendering, entirely devoid of unnecessary sentimentality, which it is so easy to produce it; such songs. The group was as follows : ' Son tutto duolo ' (Alessandro Scarlatti), 'Sen corse l'agnelletta' (Domenico Sarri), 'Amarilli' (Guilio Caccini), 'Serenata' (Pietro Mascagni), 'Lirica' and 'Stornellatrice' (Othoino Respighi).

Next F. H. Trott played four pianoforte solos: 'Fablia '(Raff), 4th Rhapsody in E fiat minor (Dohnanyi), Etude. in E minor (Chopin) and Concert Study (Liszt). It was evident that F . H. Trott was not at ease in the quadrangle. Moreover it is very difficult to do justice to a piano in the open air, but considering these difficulties he gave a very good performance. Chopin's Etude stood out as the most brilliant of the group.

The first group of madrigals consisted of ' Hark, Jolly Shepherds' (Morley), 'Weep, Silly Soul' (Benet), and 'Strike it up Tabor' (Weelkes) . The difficulty of readi.n g copies by the light of one reading-lamp may account for the loss of confidence which may have been noticeable. However, the standard of singing was adequate if not brilliant, and the audience seemed to enjoy it- more especially ' Strike it up Tabor.'

Mr. Beard's second group was composed of three songs by Purcell: 'Ah, how Pleasant 'tis to Love,' 'Cease, oh my Sad Soul,' and ' Sylvia, now your Scorn give Over ' and also ' The Call' (Vaughan Williams) and 'Over the Mountains' (arr. Roger Quilter). It was a pity that time did not allow 路 for an encore, for Mr. Beard thoroughly deserved one.

F. H. Trott's second group had to be cut, and the PolonaiseFantaisie by Chopin was not played. The group consisted of three Portraits: 1, Prestissimo; 2, Lento; 3, In the style of Richard

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

37

Strauss, by himself. The Portraits were most interesting works, and F. H. Trott gave us a very brilliant rendering of them.

The concert was concluded by another group of madrigals : 'Ho, who comes here?'' Cruel, you pull away too soon your Lips,' and 'Though Philomela lost her Love' (Morley). Our grateful thanks are due to all who contributed to the success of the concert.

GENERAL MEETING.

At the Annual General Meeting in Room .49 on Monday, June 8th, at 6.45, S. R. Dunlap was elected Secretary, and the Secretary was elected President for the year 1936-37. It was decided to continue the General Committee, set up last year, the members being the President and Secretary, M. ]. D. Carmichael, J. E. Rutherford and H. A. F. Radley. Possible activities for the coming year were discussed.

B.F.A .G. MICHAELMAS TERM CONCERT.

The Michaelmas Term Concert was held in the Dining Hall on Thursday, December 3rd, at 8.30.

The programme began with. a Handel Quartet in D minor for two violins, 'cello and piano, played by M. J. D. Carmichael, N. J. Strachan, H. A. F. Radley and J. Shipwright. After a somewhat indifferent opening the performers settled down, and produced quite a good ensemble for the rest of the work. The tone in the early part was inclined to be uneven, but this was fully retrieved in the last movement, which was very enjoyable.

The set;ond item was a set of madrigals sung by members of Somerville College and the Hall, and these received well-deserved applause. The balance of voices throughout was quite delightful.

Each part was sung with a ¡p recision which made it possible t0 follow the characteristic interplay of voices with the utmost ease.

The first half of the programme was brought to a close by two short Sonatas by Scarlatti and the D major Sonata by Mozart for pianoforte, played by E. F. A. Suttle. Little can be said in criticism of Suttle's playing. It is sufficient to say that his performance was excellent and proved very popular. It was very unfortunate that, at the last moment, the piano appeared to develop a slight fault in the damping action, but this did not appear to embarrass the player.

After the interval D . M. Thomas sang a group of songs by Quilter, Parry and Somervell. He possesses a pleasing baritone voice which was peculiarly suited to this type of English ballad.

Parry's 'Love is a Babel' was the most highly appreciated and

38

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

thoroughly deserved the encore which the audience demanded. We are looking forward to hearing him again.

The songs were followed by a Trio in D by Haydn for violin, 'cello and piano, played by M. J. D. Carmichael, H . A. F. Radley and S. R. Dunlap. Once again the opening bars seemed to lack confidence, but apart from this the whole work was well done.

Mention should be made of Dunlap's excellent accompaniment at the piano.

The last item consisted of three more madrigals. Though more difficult than those of the first group, they were sung with equal confidence and a truly sympathetic understanding.

The co-operation with Somerville was an experiment which proved to be fully justified. We should like to thank them for their contribution to the success of the concert, and we hope that there will ~e other chances of extending such co-operation in- the future.

B.F .A.G. THE MAKERS. HILARY TERM,

President-B. W.

1936.

CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE.

Sec-reta.ry-M. H.

MILES.

At the first meeting of the term Mr. Cecil Day-Lewis addressed the Society on the subject of ' Pure Poetry.' He illustrated his talk by reading from several modern poets, Mt. Stephen Spender in particular, many of whose poems he analysed and criticised.

Many of the general points of his argument were familiar to those â&#x20AC;˘ who had read any of his critical works, and it is interesting to see that he has since incorporated the whole lecture at the end of his book, A Hope fo.r Poetry. A very interesting discussion followed, which showed up the many aspects of the question, 'Wha:t is Pure Poetry?.', but no decisive answer could be found.

A few weeks Jater the Society entertained Mr. Gordon Bottomley as its guest, who gave a most inspiring talk on the merits of Poetic Drama, accounting at the same time for its popularity in the Elizabethan period and its decline during the last age. The most interesting part of his whole talk was his vivid description of some of the productions of his own plays, especially those produced in John Masefield's private theatre on Boar's Hill; and he gave some very useful hints on the devices that could be made use of in an inexpensive production. The discussion which followed was particularly attractive because of its intimacy and informality.

Mr. Bottomley expanded many of the theories which he had only touched upon in his address and illustrated thein from his own experiences.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

39

Unfortunately there were very few contributions sent in for the Magazine meeting on the last Tuesday of term ; but poems by K. C. B. Allot and J. B. Harvey gave the Society plenty of material for a lengthy and interesting discussion.

B.W.C.B.C . ., MICHAELMAS TERM.

? ¡r esident -A. C.

BAILEY.

Secretary - P. N. LE

MESURIER.

Owing to a number of unforeseen hindrances, it was found impossible to commence activities until rather late in the term. At a short business meeting held in the third week the above elections were made.

The first guest-speaker was Mr. H. 0. Hartley, Editor of the Vxford Times, who entertained the Society with a most informative and amusing talk on 'Provincial Journalism.' After: an analysis of the technique necessary for the editing of a local paper, the speaker invited questions, and a very interesting discussion followed, enlivened by abundance of anecdotes.

At the 'Magazine Meeting,' held rather earlier than usual, contributions proved to be unexpectedly few. Those submitted, however, were interesting and covered a wide range of literary forms, from the short story to the epigram, and from the serious poem to the verse parody. An animated discussion followed on topics suggested by the contributions read.

At the last meeting of term the Society had the privilege of hearing M'r. C. S. Lewis of Magdalen read an extremely entertaining and stimulating paper on 'Is Literature an Art?' The speaker based his argument on the predominance of 'tale' over 'pattern' in all literature, and pleaded for the abolition of esoteric standards in criticism. The ensuing discussion was highly enjoyable.

S. R . Dunlap was elected President and R. L. Sharp Secretary for the Hilary Term.

A.C. B. LIDDON SOCIETY. Hu.ARY TERM,

Chairman-V. M.

SPENCER-tLLIS.

1936.

Secretary-]. L.

MORTIMER.

During this term the Society held two meetings, instead of the customary three, as the final paper had to be postponed until a more convenient date. Although on both occasions there was a gratifyingly large attendance of recent recruits to the Society, it must be deplored that so few of the more senior members saw fit to attend these meetings. The Society can never fulfil its proper function until it is more generally supported.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

The meetings of this term were both devoted to practical aspects of Churchmanship--missionary activities and the work of the clergy in preaching. On the first occasion we were privileged to have as our visitor the Bishop of Melanesia. He vividly described his large and scattered diocese and related some of the difficulties which the Church has to overcome. The Bishop told how the Church was becoming a living force in the life of the people, and said that there was now a large and active community of natives who had pledged themselves to the religious life.

The second meeting, at which our host was the Chaplain, was addressed by the Rev. E. C. Mortimer, a former member of the Hall, on the subject of ' Preaching.' Fr. Mortimer, speaking as a parish priest, emphasised the importance of preaching in the life of the Church, and said that good preaching was essential to an effective presentation of the Gospel. The speaker issued a warning against the dangers of inaudibility, over-emphasis in delivery, and excessive gesticulation, and ended with an assertion that the composition of a sermon ought to be an enjoyable spiritual exercise rather than a labour of mere routine.

The Society would like to offer its thanks to the Vice-Principal and the Chaplain for their support and encouragement throughout a rather disappointing term.

V.M.S.E. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Chairman- E .. M

. ROBERTS.

Sec¡r etary- J.

hYTH.

The Society has he.Id three meetings this term and they have all been very well attended. The numbers of the Society have greatly increased and we now have over thirty members.

The first speaker this term was the Rev. J. B. Burrough, who gave us an improvised talk on 'The Parish Priest.' Mr. Burrough gave an interesting account of an average clay in a parish priest's life, together with a few practical hints concerning the sacred life which the priest should pursue.

At our second meeting the Rev. A. M. Farrer read a paper of a theological nature on ' The Kingdom of God,' in which he very carefully traced out the development of Jewish thought, and their conceptions about the Messiah and the kingdom He was to inaugurate.

Our third meeting was held in connection with the U.M.C.A., and we were privileged in having two members of this Mission with us, Father Sydenham and Father Higgins. The former gave us a very interesting account of his work in three separate areas in Africa, first in Zanzibar, secondly as Principal of a Training

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

41

College at Minaki, and lastly in an ordinary African parish. Father Higgins spoke of the Church's work in the Copper Mine Belt and stressed the urgent need for more priests. A useful discussion followed.

The last meeting of the term was held on December 2nd, but unfortunately owing to other attractions in Hall it was not very well attended. Mr. John C. Spencer of Balliol read a paper on ' Oxford and Boys' Clubs,' with special reference to the Balliol Boys' Club and the manner in which it is run. Mr. Spencer also outlined the history of various clubs in London with which Oxford is associated and described their activities. At the end of Mr. Spencer's paper an interesting discussion followed in which more members than usual took part. ¡ 'Ve are again indebted to the Vice-Principal not only for the loan of his room, but for the coffee which he has so generously provided before each meeting. May we take this opportunity of recording our gratitude.

E.M.R. DIOGENES CLUB. 1936.

Secretary-A. R.

HILARY TERM,

President-A. L.

CROWE'.

DUNCAN-JONES.

The first meeting of the Club was addressed by Mr. G. A. Highet of St. John's on 'Surrealism.' He said that it was akin to the two motive forces of modern life - communism and insanity.

He gave us an impartial explanation of this cu lt, the bare facts of which were unknown to most of us before.

A fortnight later J. B . Harvey and A. W.W. Watson began an interesting discussion on ' The Divine Right of Kings,' a subject admirably fitted to a Marxist and a lawyer.

The next meeting was a Roman holiday, when the Chaplain and A. C. Bailey ¡disputed' Why Work?'

The last meeting listened to stimulating opening speeches by K. C . B. Allott and J. C. Cain on ' Theatre Criticism,' and discussed the subject at great length.

For the ensuing term A. R. Duncan-Jones was elected President and K. C. B. Allott Secretary.

A.L.C. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-A. R .

DUNCAN-JONES.

Secretary-W. S.

MILLS.

During the Michaelmas Term the Diogenes Club concerned itself chiefly with social questions. At the first meeting, under the title ' His Maker's Image,' there was a lively discussion of

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heredity, natural selection, and eugenics. Little hope was found for civilisation, since the more civilised stocks in the community are nearly always the less fertile-, and it is their infertility which makes possible their cultural superiority.

The second meeting was poorly attended. ' Six days ¡ shalt thou labour ' is an unusual type of subject for the Club; but it discussed with great thoroughness almost every aspect of Christian and nonChristian Sunday observance.

At the third meeting there was a very keen discussion of 'Family Affairs.' The Club seemed to be sharply divided into supporters of the family and supporters of some kind of domestic¡ communism. It was argued that children living together in State schools, separated from - their parents living in flats, would be subjected to less discipline than under t)le present system, and this was considered desirable. The general sense at the end of the meeting appeared to be opposed to known evils and in favour of what was synecdochically called ' the flat sysytem.'

At the last meeting ]; B. Harvey gave an absorbing account of 'The Spanish Tragedy.' He dealt fully with his subject, about which he plainly knew much, and explained why he considered that the Spanish war was not merely a civil war but a struggle for civilisatiqn.

Discussion at all meetings was lively and varied. It was unfortunate that circumstances prevented the consideration of any a rtistic subject during the term.

A .R.D.J.

THE FRENCH SOCIETY. La Societe Frarn;:aise, la plus jeune societe du college, a continue a faire Jes progres qui ont ete notes clans notre dernier rapport, et en meme temps de remplir le but qu'elle s'est propose d' encourager ses membres a parler frarn;:ais et a prendre part a ses discussions.

HILARY TERM, 1936.

President- G. J . P .

Cou_RTNEY.

Secretaire-L . I.

STOWE.

Au cours du trimestre on a eu le plaisir d'accueillir Dr. Hunt, qui s'est beaucoup interesse a la societe des son debut. II a fait une causerie sur 'La Legende d'Oedipe chez trois dramaturges fran~ais '-Iegende a laquelle Corneille a donne une allure heroique, que Voltaire a traitee de sa fa~on spirituelle, et qui a inspire a Jean Cocteau une oeuvre d'une puissance et d'une modernite etonnantes.

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43

Quelques semaines plus tard, on a re<;u Monsieur Jean-Claude Schreiber (President du 0. U. French Club), qui, avec le¡ debit vif et rapide d'un habitant du Midi nous a parle des delices du 'Pays des Cigales: la Provence Fran<;aise.'

On a-Ju deux pieces: 'Le Voyage de M. Perrichon,' de Lahiche et Martin, et 'Hernani' de Victor Hugo.

Aux autres reunions du trimestre la Societe a tenu trois debats sur Jes sujets suivants : Que la revolution industrielle a ete un evenement funeste pour l'humanite'; Que la Iiberte de la presse a produit des effets deplorables dans la civilisation' ; enfin, avec le concours de quelques membres de St. Hugh's College, 'Que nous aimons mieux etre Anglais que Franc;:ais.'

Le comite a ete compose de B. R. Coates, H. G. Dawber, et A. Holden .

G.J.P.C. I

I

T!HNITY TERM .

P.resident-L. I.

STOWE.

Secretai¡r e-H. G.

DAWBER.

Au cours du trimestre d'ete la societe, loin de retomber dans le neant, s'est reunie quatre fois. On a lu deux pieces: 'Un Chapeau de Paille d'ltalie,' de Labiche, puis, avec;: le concours de quelques membres de Somerville College, 'On ne badine pas avec !'Amour,' d'Alfred de Musset. A la troisieme reunion la societe s'est formee en tribunal pour juger D. T. N. James, qu'on accusait d'avoir offense Jes gouts esthetiques du college en laissant pousser une barbe. Ayant decide que la pousse velue de !'accuse ne saurait meriter la designation dignitiee de ' barbe,' et que le susdit accuse ne possedait done aucune barbe proprement dite, on a prononce, assez illogiquement, un verdict d'acquittement.

Grace a l'entremise de Dr. Hunt, la societe a re<;u un autre visiteur, Monsieur Jean Basdevant, qui a fait une causerie sur 'La Situation Internationale vue par Jes Fran<;ais.'

L. I. S. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President -

H. G.

DAWBER.

Secretaire -

B. R.

COATES.

A la premiere reunion A. Holden a entame une discussion sur 'La Regeneration de l'Allemagne. A. Holden, Nationalsocialiste convaincu, a fait un magnifique eloge de I' Allemagne sous le regime hitlerien .

La societe a maintenu sa reputation de recevoir des visiteurs tres distingues. Monsieur Gustave Rudler (Marshal Foch Professor of French Literature) nous a fait sa seconde viste: ii a resume un debat sur le pacifisme. Nous lui sommes tres reconnaissants du vif interet qu'il a temoigne envers la societe. On a re<;u

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

aussi Monsieur Henri Berthon, qui a fait upe causerie a la fois instructive et amusante sur ' La Societe des Nations a travers PHistoire'; ii a montre que la conception d'une societe de nations, loin d'etre de creation moderne, remonte tres haut dans l'histoire.

Aune tres agreable reunion on a Ju 'Knock' de Jules Romains avec plusieurs membres de la ' Society of Home Students.' Tous les roles ont ete tres bien Jus, et on a SU apprecier le comique excellent et la farce joyeuse de la piece. On a lu en outre 'Fantasio' d'Alfred de Musset.

Ont ete membres du comite D. H . Clibborn, D. T. N. James et A. Holden.

H .G.D. THE MOOT CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1936.

President-F. W.

DAWSON.

Secretary-]. F.

MARTIN.

Our term began with a visit to the Younger Society at Balliol, where a joint Moot was held under the distinguished adjudication of Professor H. F. J olowicz of London and Cambridge. The learned professor representing the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council heard two appeals from the High Court of Justinianopolis , the cases being based on Roman Law. W . Rabinpwicz and D. R .

Ellison of Balliol appeared for the appellants and A. W. W .

Watson and J. W. King for the ¡ respondents.

For our second moot, we were very glad to welcome back into our midst the Hall's most successful lawyer, Mr. G. A. Forrest of Grays Inn, who represented the Court of Appeal. The case discussed, Brown v. Smith and Sons, concerned questions of the vicarious liability of the respondents for a tort committed by their servant against the servant's own wife, and the application to the appellant's case of' violenti non fit injuria.' In a clear and concise judgment, Mr. Forrest allowed the appeal on both points. There appeared for the appellant F. R. Mountain and J. F. Martin; for the respondents F . W. Dawson and G. M. Burnett.

The final meeting was the occasion of a visit to Springfield St. Mary's as the guests of the Geldart Society. Dr. H. G. Hanbury of Lincoln Colleg-e representing the House of Lords heard the case of T ¡r omboni v. Speedfast, where the executor of a famous singer daimed damages for the loss of a contract, for pain and suffering and shortened expectation of life, against the respondent who while driving negligently knocked down and fatally injured Signor Tromboni . Dr. Hanbury dismissed the appeal with regard to the contract, it being his view that the law as to remoteness of damage

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

45

was returning to .the foresee-ability rule. On the second point Rose v. Ford was overruled and Hu nt v . Lovell upheld. Counsel for the appellant were F. R. Mountain and F. W. Dawson; for the respondent Miss Betty Harris and Miss Claudine Berry.

1 " F.VV.D. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- F. R.

JVIouNTAIN.

Secretary-A.

w.

vV. vVATSON .

The first meeting of this term was notable for two things.

First we were very glad to have as our guests the Younger Society of Balliol, who turned up in full force. Secondly, it was our great privilege to argue before no less distinguished a lawyer than Mr. Justice Luxmoore of the Chancery Division of the High Court.

The case argued was 1\1;ortar v . Duke of Conker, concerning nuisance by noise, and in a most interesting judgment the learned judge upheld the decision of 'Boot J .,' holding that where the issue is nuisance or no nuisance, malice will be a deciding factor. For the appellants, R. H. Walton and J. G. Mann of Balliol; for the respondents, F. R . Mountain and C. L. Ward.

At the second meeting, which took the form of a discussion, ' That the doctrine of mens rea is partially obsolete, serves no useful purpose and ought to be abolished,' the motion was ably proposed and seconded by A. C. Wace and J. Lyall respectively, while D. M . M. Carey and J. W. Dowding set up formidable objections.

After general discussion it was decided not to take a vote upon the motion as it stood, but it was the unanimous view that the doctrine of mens ¡rea should be fully maintained in all cases of vicarious liability in the interests of justice and expediency.

The concluding meeting of the Club was held in conjunction with the Geldart Society, who returned the visit we paid them earlier in the year. Mr. R. W. G. Holdsworth adjudicated on the case of Tortoise and Sons v . .ffinch-.ffa-rrow¡m ere, which raised a nice point in the doctrine of consideration, and found himself reluctantly compelled to hold for the plaintiffs, who were represented

by D. M. M. Carey and A. W. vV. \Vatson. For the defendant Miss Betty Harris and Miss Claudine Berry argued with great persuasiveness and clarity . Mr. Holdsworth is to be congratulated on his refusal to be intimidated by the shock tactics of junior counsel for the defendant. This was a very successful meeting, for the Geldart Society, led by Dr. Williams, brought their full complement, and perhaps by sheer coincidence no member of the Hall Club thought fit to ,a bsent himself.

F.R.M .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

CLU.BS, 1936 THE BOAT CLUB .

HILARY TERM, 1936.

Captain-A. M. URQUHART.

Secretary- J. P. BURROUGH.

At the beginning of the first week of term both Torpids started practice on the Upper River at Medley, where they stayed for three weeks. After several long paddles the crews soon settled down and in spite of the inclement weather made excellent progress. The · final order of rowing was decided a week before the races; but five days later F. L. W. Eade was called upon to take the place of P. W. Smith at bow, who had fallen an untimely victim to German measles. The final order of rowing was as follows:IST CREW. 2 ND CREW. Bow. F. L. W. Eade.

Bow. C. de N. Hill.

0. T. Brown.

2.

2.

M. J. Forster.

3· P.A. H. Farrant.

3· A. R. Duncan-Jones.

4· J. F. Martin.

4: R. E. Lyth.

5· G. Worth.

5· M. C., English .

6. W. J. H . Liversidge.

6. D . R. Tassel!.

7. vv. H. Mitchell.

7· D. M. M. Carey.

S tr. E . L. Wright.

Str. L. T. Podmore.

Cox . A. P. L. Slater.

Cox. J. M. Sowerby .

In the races, the First Boat' 'were unlucky to lose two places.

On the first night they were bumped ' on the post ' by Magdalen, who finished Head of the River. On the last night their effort to bump New College over the first half of the course, which failed by three feet, cost them too much energy, and they fell to University opposite the Magdalen barge.

The Second Boat made four well-earned bumps. Wadham II, New College III and University II proved easy victims on the first three nights. On Monday, Exeter II escaped by three feet, but, rowing with more determination, the Hall bumped them half-way up the Green Bank on the following night. On the Wednesday the Hall again rowed over, as there was a bump in front of them.

A week after Torpids an VIII started training with a view to competing in the North of England Head of the River Race at Chester on the last day of term. During the first week we were coached by Mr. D. R. B. Mynors, and during the second by Mr. Ralph Hope, both of New College. to both of whom we are very

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - - -- -- - -- -

- - - - - ---

grateful. The final order of rowing was : B ow. D . M. M. Carey.

2.

G. J. Brett.

3. P. Witheridgton.

4. W. J. H. Liversidg e.

5· J. P . Burrough.

6. T . E. M. Ashton.

7. L. T . Podmore.

Str. A. M. Urquhart.

Cox . G . J. P. Merifield.

Spa·re man,.

J.

F . Martin.

After travelling up to Chester on Friday, Ma rch l3th, we had one preliminary outing that evening, and raced at four o'clock on Saturday afternoon. Starting twelfth behind Thames II and in front of Clare College, Cambridge, we soon went up on Thames but were hard pressed by Clare. Half a mile from the fini sh the three boats were rowing abreast: Thames were soon left behind, and in an exciting finish Clare beat the Hall by half a length. The final order and times for the 3t miles course were : in in. sees.

Clare College Cambridge 17 16 2. Thames R.C . I 17 33 17 35 3· St. Edmund Hall 17 47 4· Royal Chester R.C. After the race we were joined at dinner by the Principal, who was motored from Oxford after Collections and arrived just in time to see the race. The special thanks of the Club are due to Lieut.

A. C. Hordern, Cheshire Regiment, for all the trouble he took in securing a comfortable billet for the crew in the Westminster Hotel.

A.M. U .

I.

TRINIT Y TERM.

Captain-A. M.

URQUHART.

Secreta·r y-J. P.

BURROUGH.

On Wednesday, April 15th, ten days before the beginning of term, the First VIII assembled at the Ibis Boathouse, Chiswick Park, and under Mr. R. C . Sherriff's keen coaching we enjoyed a week's strenuous rowing on the tideway. We usually had two outings a day, covering anything from six to sixteen mUes in an outing,fj;lnd by the end of the week the 'St. Edmund of Abingdon' had travelled well over a hundred miles. We are greatly indebted to the Ibis Boat Club for their generous hospitality in thus making it possible for us to enjoy the benefits of tideway rowing.

In the first week of term three VI II' s started regular training, the first coached chiefl'y by Brig. J. H. Gibbon, the second by Paul Witherington, and the third by a number of able coaches including

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

the Secretary, L. T. Podmore and G. J. P. Merifield. All three boats spent a certain amount of time on the Upper River, where the longer stretch of uncrowded water proved more beneficial for training than IfHey Reach. It was found, however, that owing to the amount of work done at Chiswick, and to the fact that the order was unchanged during most of the term, the First Boat was in dang·er of becoming stale. Consequently during the fortnight before the races most of our work was comparatively light and we often went out without a coach.

The final order of rowing was : IST CREW. Bow. D. M. M. Carey.

2.

P. H. Rogers.

3· G. Worth.

4· W. J. H. Liversidge.

5· J. P. Burrough.

6. T. E. M. Ashton.

7· L. T. Podmore.

Str. A. M. Urquhart.

Cox. G. J. P. Merifield.

2ND CREW. Bow. W. H. Mitchell.

2.

E . L. Wright.

3· P. W. Smith.

4· D. R. Tassel!.

5· A. R. Duncan-Jones.

6. G. A. H. Rainbow.

7· 0. T. Brown.

Str. T. M. F. Rogers.

Cox. A. P. L. Slater.

3RD CREW. Bow. W. A. W. Jarvis.

2.

M. J. Forster.

3· A. C. Jenkinson.

4· A. R. Clark.

5· C. de N. Hill.

6. J. W. King.

7· J. D. Carr.

Str. R. E. Lyth.

Cox. J. M. Sowerby.

In Eights' Week the First Boat was unhappy and must have caused its supporters much anxiety, for it only just succeeded in retaining its place. On the Saturday it was within a few feet of Trinity, and on Monday again within a quarter of a length, but stroke seemed unable to rally his crew for the final spurt. As the week went on, University became more and more dangerous from behind, and on the last day they were overlapping at the Wall.

But G. J. P . Merifield's brilliant coxing saved us, and an effective though somewhat belated spurt, which earlier in the week might have given us a bump instead of saving us from one, enabled us to finish over a quarter of a length clear.

The Second Boat rowed over on Thursday, but made two bumps on Friday and Saturday, catching Jesus II and Lincoln II with ease. On Monday they again rowed over with a bump in front of them, but on Tuesday they had little difficulty in catching

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

49

Worcester II. On Wednesday the wind blew them into the bank at the start, and they were thus robbed of their chance of gaining a place in the Third Division.

The Third Boat bumped Keble III, St. Catherine's II and Worcester III with ease, and on Saturday failed by only four feet to achieve a record with an over-bump in their second race of the day. On Monday they established themselves in the Fourth Division by catching Exeter III, and though they rowed over on Tuesday, they brought their total to five l:>y overhauling Hertford II on the last day.

Two days later, at a meeting of Eights' Colours, J.P. Burrough was elected Captain and D. M. M. Carey ·Secretary for the ensuing· academic year. For the remainder of the term and for Henley, G. J.P. Merifield was elected Captain.

A.M.U. HENLEY, 1936.

Once again, owing· to the generosity of the Old Aularians, we were able to send in a crew for the Ladies' Plate. It was unfortun-

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

ate that up to a week before the Regatta we were unable to train in our final order, and that owing to division of interests on the part of some members of the crew no very high pitch of rowing 路efficiency could be reached. All through Eights' Week-which proved to be an extremely nerve-shattering ordeal - a certain lethargy (probably mental rather than physical) had become apparent ; and we did not seem able to shake it off in time for the Regatta.

The final order of rowing was as follows : -

Bow. 2.

3.

4.

D. M. M. Carey.

A. M. Urquhart.

G. Worth.

W. J. H. Liversidge .

S路 J. P. Burrough.

6. T. E. M. Ashton.

7. L. T. Podmore.

Str. P. H. Rogers.

Cox. G. J. P. Merifield.

The spare men were: T. M. F. Rogers, R. E. Lyth and C. de N. Hill.

As Schools claimed three of our number until almost the end of term, we were prevented from putting in much practice before we got to Henley. On to.p of this, P. H. Rogers was un- ' able to be with us until the Thursday before the Regatta owing to his 0. U .D.S. activities. In the circumstances our thanks are due to T. M . F. Rogers for cheerfully volu11teering to row at '2' in the interval (A. M. Urquha rt meanwhile occupying the stroke thwart) and ultimately relinquishing his place in the crew.

We were fortunate in having Brigadier J. H. Gibbon to coach us again, and can only regret that his inspiring presence on the towpath did not have the desired effect.

As usual, the luck of the draw was against us. In the first round we found ourselves up against Trinity College, Dublin, an extremely sound crew, which ultimately reached the semi-final.

Racing at 12.5 _p.m. on Wednesday, July 1st, and from th e Berks station, we got away to a good start at the slightly higher rating, and at the top of the Island led by about a canvas. Unable to increase this lead, we hung on until the Barrier, where they began to creep up. At Fawley, reached in 3 mins. 46 sees., they led us by a few feet, but as we were already rowing at full pressure we could do nothing about it but flog along and hope they would" come back to us. As it was, they continued to go away, and got home by a length and a路 half in 8 mins . 6 sees., a slowish time accounted for by a strong head-wind, which 路 we had hoped would

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

:il

be to our advantage on account of our long fini sh. In actual fac t we tended to shorten up, w hile they kept it long throughout the race.

As a whole the crew rowed hard and with great determination .

Stroke .drove them as far as was humanly poss ible - nearly killing himself in the process- but in the long run the superior drilling and cohesion of the other crew told. In the future we must be prepared to give a great deal more time, trouble and hard work to the training of our crew for Henley.

We are extremely grateful to the Principal, who came and stayed with us at West Hill House a s long as hi s multifarious duties would permit, and also to the Vice-Principal and the Senior Tutor, whom we were very pleased to see on more than one occasion, for their whole-hearted encouragement and support. W e should also like to thank all those members of the Hall who came to visit us during training and to shout for us on the day of the race.

G.J.P.M. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-}. P.

B U RROUGH.

Secretary-D.

M.

M.

CAREY .

The Boat Club started the year bereft of the services of four old and tried members of the VIII, who had helped the Hall secure most of its recent success on the river, so that we welcomed the arrival of several promising Freshmen. The Club can at present call upon the services of thirty men g ood and true . The first event of the term was the Cox swainless Fours, in which the Hall were unfortunate in drawing a strong Magdalen crew . The IV, however, rowed better in the race than ever in practice, and, though they were substantially beaten, derived a great deal of benefit from having entered. Lack of experience in light-boat racing made it difficult for them to reach the same hig h standard in rowing as they had frequently done in paddling .

The Hall Mawdesley Fours were rowed a few days later. Previous experience was largely instrumental in giving the¡ victory to J. Lyall ' s crew over one stroked by B. A. Rogers , and again we found great hope for the future in our Freshmen . A week later W. J. H. Liversidge provided a thrilling taste of victory by rowing his way to the final of the University Sculls. He won three exhilerating races by a few seconds each, leaving in his wake an ex-winner of the Eton sculls, the stroke of the Varsity crew and the Secretary of the 0. U.B.C . In the final he was beaten in the record time of 7 mins . 41 sees. by J. S. Lewes, President of the O.U.B.C.

to

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

The Hall has been represented by six men in the Trial Eights at various times, two of whom remain for the race. In the latter part of the term the Long Distance crews were the centre of interest. The first crew, admirably coached by Mr. L . T. Watkins of Radley, to whom we are deeply grateful, shewed the same punch at the beginning that was a feature of last year's crew; it rowed ~onger than most of i.t s rivals, and J. S. M. Dashwood was capable of keeping up a high and rhythmic rate of striking. The second crew, coached by 0. T. Brown, looked like improving on last year's laudably high position of sixteenth; it went very fast for no apparent reason - always a good sign - due, we suspect, to some good work by the old stagers in the stern of the boat.

The Long Distance Race was rowed on Wednesday, December 2nd, and the two Hall crews finished sixth and nineteepth. The first crew were only one second behind the two crews ahead of them, so their result is better than the figures indicate.

Finally, our grateful thanks are due to all who have helped with coaching. Mr. R. W. G. Holdsworth, Fellow of University College, and Mr. A . M. Emmett, who coached the IV, and of our own members especially W. J. H . Liversidge, D. M. M. Carey and 0. T. Brown. · The crews this term were as follows : COXLESS IV. Bow Strs . D. M. M. Carey: 2. J. S. M. Dashwood.

3. A. G . Slemeck.

Str . J.P . Burrough.

MAWDESLEY FOURS.

'A '

Bow. 2.

3.

Str. Cox . .

CREW.

G. J.P. Merifield.

A. J. Lee. H. E. Pope.

J.

Lyall.

A. C. Wace.

' B' CREW. Bow. D. D. Moor.

2.

J. Shipwright.

3· M. H. A. Boyd.

St·r. B. A.. Rogers.

Cox. T . R . H. Cuff.

LONG DI STANCE CREWS. !ST CREW .

Row. C. de N. Hill.

2.

J. Lyall.

3. G. Worth.

4· R. E . Lyth.

S· A. G. Slemeck.

6. W . J. H. Liversidge.

7· D. M. M. Carey.

Str. J. S. M. Dashwood.

Cox. J. M. Sowerby.

21\D CREW.

J. Lee. W. King.

3· M. H. A. Boyd.

4· B. A. Rogers.

S· P. W . .Smith.

6. D. R . Tassel].

7· P. A. H. Farrant.

Str. G. A. H. Rainbow.

Cox. A. C. Wace.

BO'lv. A. 2.

J.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

53

A. G. Slemeck and J. S. M. Dashwood were awarded their Colours after the Coxswainless Fours.

J.P.B. THE CRICKET CLUB. Captain - J. H. P. HALL. Sl!cretary-J. A. BRETT. Cricket in the Hall this term has been greatly strengthened by a wealth of talent amongst the Freshmen, and consequently we suffered little from the usual absence of third year members of the side.

Apart from an unusual number of scratched fixtures , the season was a very satisfactory one and the XI won seven matches, lost only two and played four draws. Our annual fixtures against Eltham College and Kingswood School resulted in a win and a draw respectively, whilst we beat St. Edward's School, Oxford, a new and welcome opponent.

The following played regularly for the First XI: - J. H. P .

Hall, J. A. Brett, J. C . E . Hayter, R. Byrom, A. P. L. Slater, F. R. Rawes, R. A. C9oper, A. M. Reid, R . M.A. Lawson, P . N. le Mesurier and J . Lyth , and our thanks are due to D. G. T . Hicks, A. J. Healey, E. T. Halstead and R. Bagnall, who played when time allowed . . Freshmen 's Trials were given to A. M. Reid and P. N. le Mesurier, and both were elected to the Authentics.

Hall colours were awarded to R . A. Cooper, A. M. Reid, P. N. le Mesurier, R. M. A. Lawson and J. Lyth, and at a colours meeting J. A. Brett was elected Captain and A. M. Reid Secretary for next season.

Two present members of the Hall, P . N. le Mesurier and R. M. A. Lawso n, accompanied the 'Teddy Bears' XI on their tour in the North and both expressed how much they had enjoyed it. We hope that in future years more present members may be able to find time to go on this most enjoyable tour in the Yorkshire Dales.

J .A.B. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. 1936.

Captain- D. G. T. HrcKs .

Secretary- J. L. PrNNIGER .

The XV came into residence a week before term to start training under the Rev . C. F. Cardale. D espite the a ppalling weather the side turned out every day and received much valuable advice.

In the fir st round of Cup matches the Hall had a bye and in the second round were defeated by Christ Church by nineteen HILARY TERM,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE points to five. The match was played on a hard ground and under conditions favourable to open play.

The Hall started excellently and from a blind side movement begun by J. H. P. Hall, F. Martin scored by the touch-line and J. A. Brett converted with a very fine kick. Unfortunately, this success was not followed up and the Christ Church outsides established a definite superiority. Their first score came from an interception, and this was soon followed by ia penalty goal, and we changed ends with the score at eight points to five . . During the second half the pack brought off many fine rushes but were unable to ¡ score. The main weakness lay in the centre, which was too frequently pierced by the faster Christ Church outsides.

During the rest of the season the matches were few and far between, and little interest was shown.

At a colours meeting J. L. Pinniger was elected Captain and R. A. Cooper Secretary for the coming year.

I should like to take this opportunity of thanking all those who supported us on the touch-line and the Rev. C. F. Cardale for his valuable assistance in the first week.

D.G.T.H.

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain -

J.

L.

PINNIGER.

Secretary- R. A.

COOPER.

This term found us for the first time in the top division of the League. Many gaps were left in the XV, and it seemed at one time doubtful whether a team could be formed strong enough to remain where its predecessor had put it. Soon, however, it was shown that such apprehensions were unfounded, as the improvement in form of most of the Seniors and keen talent among the Freshmen quickly made a team that was hard to beat.

Although there tended to be a certain lacl<: of thrust among the backs, thei~ defensive work was generally sound and at times briJH.ant. The forwards lived well up to the previous standards, and have proved to have scoring ability, though their efforts towards the end of term seemed to diminish. Their line-out play, too, was generally weak.

The Hall have' won half of their League fixtures, and, although the final tables have not been posted at ¡the time of printing, are almost certain to have maintained their position. Trinity were first beaten by 14 points to 3, after which the Hall lost a close game to B.N.C. by 6 points too. Queen's were beaten in the pouring rain by 14 points to o, but the best game of the season came when the

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

55

Hall beat Balliol by a dropped goal by D. N. F. Kempston, which satisfactorily rounded off a match of really good football from both sides. After this effort the Hall seemed to tire, and, in the last two games against Jesus and Christ Church, did not show half the fire of the. earlier matches.

A fully representative side visited Bromsgrove and registered a convincing win against a good school side by two dropped goals and four tries to two placed goals.

G. Carruthers has played a consistently good game forward and has been awarded his colours for the season. He, E. D. Neal and E. G. Curtis have formed a back row of the scrum well above the College average; E. P. M. Elliott has vastly improved on last year's play, and in F. B. Wood we have been fortunate in having a hooker of great reliability.

Another Beghian, D. N. F. Kempston, has stepped into J. H.P. Hall's shoes; he is a clever footballer, who should rapidly improve.

T. E. R. Micklem, who varies his pace well, and K. Millard-Bishop, a very determined runner, are wing three-quarters who also show <:onsiderable promise.

D. G. T. Hicks, playing for the first time for the team at fullback, has played a consistently sound game, and is a player who gives his team confidence.

The Second XV have again had a successful season, as the following record shows : won, 7; lost, 1 ; points for, 169; points against, 20. It has been encouraging to see that there are so many rel~able reserves in the Hall.

J. A. Brett is to <:ongratulated on again representing the University at Twickenham this year. R. A. Cooper has played regularly for Kent in championship matches and also for the University. Pinniger, Micklem, Carruthers, Curtis and Elliott have played for the Greyhounds.

J.L.P. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB.

1936.

Secretary-G. M.

HILARY TERM,

Captain-].

LEE.

BURNETT.

After a reasonably successful Michaelmas Term we came up with high hopes of getting a long way in Cup matches. Having drawn a bye in the first round, we managed to defeat Trinity by 5-3 in the second round after a very good game and on an extremely hard ground.

In the third round we were doomed to come up against B.N.C., who invariably seem to be placed on the same half as ourselves.

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

In spite of the psychological effect of the sight of their big guns, which consisted of no less than four Blues and innumerable Centaurs, we managed to keep the ball in their half of the field for the better part of the first half of the game and scored the first goal.

Soon afterwards they equalised, but there was no further score before half-time.

In the second half their attack became more formidable and our defence began to feel the strain from the continual pressure round the goal-mouth ; by the end of the game they had added a further three goals to their score. Our side played extremely well and must be cong ratulated on acquitting themselves so well against a much more experienced side.

Colours were awarded to F. R. Mountain, H. Taberner and J. McManners, and for the ensuing year G. M. Burnett was elected Captain and H. Taberner was elected Secretary.

By way of relaxation we had an additional and novel fixture this term, the Hockey Club having challenged us to a boat race .

G. J. P. Merifield kindly offered to be our coach, and when the day for the great race came we achieved an overwhelming victory of approximately ten lengths, but it must be admitted that this was partly due to one of the opposing oars catching a crab soon after the start and being unable to retrieve his oar from behind his back !

G.M.B. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-G. M.

BURNETT.

Secretary -

H.

TABERNER.

Having lost many of the stalwarts of Iast year's Cup-tie side, we were hoping that their places would be filled by hosts of promising Freshmen. Actually only two volunteers came forward to fill the five vacancies, but in spite of a shortage of reserves we managed to keep our place in the First Division. In thP League we drew no fewer than five matches, the best performance being against B.N .C. Of the others we won three and then had an unfortunate lapse against Oriel, who beat us 5-1.

We were also reasonably successful in the ordinary College games, although many of them were unfortunately cancelled.

Special thanks are due to those members of the side who are in their last year, for giving up so much of their valuable time t o the game, as without them we would almost certainly have lost our place in the First Division. J. Lee has been scoring more goals than ever for the University and is busy training for his third appearan~e at Highbury.

G.M . B.

ST. EDMUND HALL l\'IAGAZINE

57

THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1936.

Captain-R. G.

PUSEY.

Secretary- J. H.

BOOTHROYD.

The Hilary Term opened with the spirits of the hockey team running high. The side was the most promising that we have had for some time, and the forward line, with J. Lyth and A. M. Reid on either side of R. D. Hodgson, constituted a formidable weapon of attack. The defence was very adequate, with R. G. Pusey and J . Rashleigh combining well as backs, and A. T. de B. Wilmot in goal constantly proving a last tower of strength.

The draw for Cup-ties was extremely favourable, and we anticipated no difficulties until Worcester darkened the horizon with the clouds that came in answer to their prayers to Jupiter Pluvius.

The first round of Cup-ties was played in the Parks on January 3oth ag-ainst Jesus College. The ground was very soft, and began to cut up badly before half-time. Consequently the Jesus tactics of hard-hitting up-field began to have effect from the start, and there were several close ski rmishes in the Hall circle: however, Wilmot proved too much for their forwards in defence of the goal.

Th e Hall forwards started poorly, fumbling the ball in the circle at the critical moment, but A. M. Reid soon opened the scoring. Cleverly collecting the ball off the goalkeeper's pads, he pushed it in from the left. The next goal followed quickly from a fast movement by the inside forwards; J. Lyth scored with a terrific shot.

Soon after half-time the Jesus captain moved from centre-half to centre-forward, and immediately scored from a tussle in the circle. The Hall retaliated with four more goals in quick succession from Reid (2), Hodgson and Lyth, and the game ended with the Hall decidedly on top.

The second round against Pembroke was played on the home ground, and the result was in accordance with expectations. The Hall side displayed its proverbial inability to get started quickly, with the result that the Pembroke centre-forward scored within the first five minutes with a clean, hard shot. This seemed to remind the Hall that they were playi ng in a Cup-tie, and our forwards retaliated with three goals before half-time, two from Lyth and one from F. R. Rawes.

After half-time Reid (2) and Lyth added thre~ more goals to the total, thereby bringing the score to 6-1 in our favour. Unfortunately this gave us a false sense of security. Pembroke seized their opportunity, and scored two more goals in the last few minutes , and the whistle went with the total at 6--3.

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ST. EDMU!-rn HALL MAGAZINE

In the third round we h ~d drawn to play Worcester on ¡the home ground. Conditions were perfect, although the gro1md was perhaps a trifle ' heavy.' Within five minutes of the s}art the Worcester left-wing scored a magnificent goal from the edge of the circle. Ten minutes later a penalty corner was given against the Hall, from which our opponents duly scored. Almost immediately afterwards vVorcester scored again from the right, following upon a hard clearing hit from one of their backs. Before halftime their left-wing was allowed a second intrusion upon the circle, and managed to scramble a scrap shot between the posts.

Half-time found the score at 4---0 and the Hall considerably shaken. It was a good open game, and we were grateful to vVorcester for showing us the value of hard-hitting up and across the field. We were also extremely grateful for the enthusiastic support on the touch-line, and the assurance from a member of the Senior Common Room that the game had ' not yet really started.'

For us, indeed, it had not.

The Hall pressed right from the beginning of the second half, and the defence saw to it that the forwards were kept busy.

Hodgson soon scored a magnificent goal. Shortly afterwards, Bagnall took a flying chance from a long corner, and made a perfect off-drive past the goalkeeper. This quick scoring thoroughly demoralised our opponents, and Hodgson ran through on his own and scored once more. The , Hall's fourth goal came when Reid, standing unmarked at left-inside, took a beautiful pass from Hodgson from the centre, and scored the best goal of the day.

There had been no further score when the whistle went, and the score stood at 4-4. It was decided to play ten minutes extra time each way. The excitement on the touch-line was terrific.

Owing to a lack of control in the heat of the moment, the Hall missed many opportuni.t ies in the circle, and were lucky not to have suffered from the five corners given against them. There being no further score, a replay was decided upon to be played on the following day. ,)') 1 Replay. Rain fell in the night, and the Worcester grq1md was in an awful condition. It was _a ding-dong battle from tl)~ start, and although the Hall side pressed hard they were defeated by the g-round and WC!rcester's tactics of hard-hitting.

Biddel scored the first goal for the opponents from a short corner. Hodgson soon retaliated, defeating one of their number in a penalty bully. Shortly before half-time, however, the Worcester left-wing took the ball up by himself and, after a brief tussle with Wilmot in the goal-mouth, managed to push it between the posts.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

5!)

At half-time the ground was in ia- 1truly shocking condition ; it was almost literally true that Worcester had thrown up earth- . works i; as their defence. The ball frequently disappeared from sight, and from the touch-line came cries of ' Gone to earth ! ' to the sounds of' Tally-ho!' from a member of the Worcester College Brass Band. The shout of ' Gone away ! ' unfortunately came when the ball reappeared in our circle, and 'iV orcester scored their third goal after a fierce m elee .

It was disappointing to finish up with the score at 1-3 after the magnificent recovery of the previous day. It all goes to show, however, that we must all learn hard-hitting and quick starting, and by so doing make the most of our opportunities.

Throughout the term there was a sense of real team-spirit, so much so that the side felt justified in challenging the Association Football Club in a contest on the river, This was duly accepted, and by the courtesy of the Boat Club the race was rowed in eights.

We congratulate our opponents on their brilliant victory.

At a colours meeting F. R. Rawes was elected to be Captain and J. Lyth Secretary for the coming season. ].H.B. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain- F. R. RAWES .

S eC'reta:ry- J. LYTH. ' With nine of last year's side still in residence, and the welcome addition of a former member of the Hockey Club, the prospects for the year seemed extremely brig ht. It is all the more disappointing, therefore, that we should have failed during the term to produce any really constructive play and to combine together as a teama\though this can occasionally be attributed to turning out sides below full strength. This term has consequently been one of experimenting, chiefly in a n attempt to find a constructive hardhitting half-back line. With some undoubtedly useful players , we hope that the side will settle down more quickly for Cup-ties.

Nevertheless, we have played some well-contested games. The annual match with the Aularians, led by T. G. C. Woodford, the old BlUe, and including five former captains, resulted in a win for the H~li by 2-r after a keen struggle. We played well to beat Cheltenham Town 4-2 for th e first time for several seasons, and had a hard game with a strong- Occasional side, who only asserted their superiority in the secon d half. More promising form was shown at the end of the term in beating the Oxford County Council Staff 4-3.

A: T. de B. Wilmot in goal ha s been playi ng- consistently well, excelling himself against the Occasionals. In defence , J. Rashleigh

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

has been literally a tower of strerigth, while M. J. D. Carmichael has done a great deal of hard 'w ork. J. Lyth has played so111.e very constructive games, and 路with the return of M. P . Vidal-HMtll to the forward line, and the great improvement of R . Bagnall on the left wing, the attack should be quite formidable next term.

The Second XI has been tremendously keen, and it is unfortunate that so many of their fixtures should have been cancelled by other Colleges. It is encouraging that on several occasions we have turned out two teams on the same day. The standard of play in the Second XI has been unusually high, and they can produce quite a capable side.

J. Lyth and A. T. de B. Wilmot played in the Seniors' Trial and J. H. Edinger in the Freshmen's Trial. Results:Won: v. University, 8-r; v. Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 2-r; v. Wycliffe Hall, 6---r; v. Cheltenham Town, 4-2路; v . R .A .F ., Heyford, 2-r ; v. Aularians, 2-r ; v. Corpus, 3-r ; v. Lincoln, 5-0; v . St. Peter's Hall, 3-r ; v. 0.C.C. Staff, 4-3.

Lost: v. Worcester, r-5; v. Merton, 2-3; 路 v. New College, 2-3; v . B.N.C., o--r; v. O.U. Occasionals, 0--3; v .

Witney, o--r; v. St. John's, 2-7.

Drawn: v. Queen's, 4-4.

Second XI: Won 4, lost 2, drawn r.

F.R.R .

THE ATHLETIC CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1936.

Secretary- J. N. SHAW. President - R. A. CRUSE. The chief event of this term was , as usual, the Inter-Colleg路e Sports. The competition was, for the first time, run on ' knockout ' lines, and it was therefore with some trepidation that we entered our team, which, on paper, seemed so inexperienced. On the track, however, we gave a very brave account of ourselves, and it was not until the third round that we met with defeat at the hands of a very strong Trinity team.

The O.U.A.C. Sports drew entries from several members of ' ( the Hall. These performed well, but it was left for R. l\. ~ruse 1 and E. M. Roberts to represent the Hall against Cambri'd~e at the White City. To both we offer our heartiest congratulations.

J.~.s.

TRINITY TERM.

President-R. A. CRUSE\.

Secretary-]. N. SHAW. The Hall Sports took place on Wednesday, June rnth. The number of entries received this year was considerably greater than we have had in former years, and this of course necessitated the

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

61

running of heats in the 100 Yards ,,and 220 Yards. Diversity of style was once again very evident, p·articularly in the Long Jump, ifTI in which event both judges and referee had the utmost difficulty in II • deciding just where those · competitors using the horizontal or Langhorne method had bitten the sand. Results : -

Yards: R. J. Lund .

Long Jump: J. W. Hurford.

Yards: E. M. Roberts.

Shot Putt: A. R. Clark.

440 Yards: E. F. A. Suttle.

Javelin: G. M . Burnett.

880 Yards: R. A. Cruse.

Pole Vault: P . N. Le Mesurier.

High Jump: P. N. Le Mesurier.

E. M. Roberts and J. N. Shaw were included in the team which won the U. A. U. Championship at the White City on May 15 and 16. P. N. Le Mesurier has been awarded his Colours.

J .N.S. 100 220

MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- E. M. ROBERTS. Secretary-P. N. LE MESURIER. This year has seen an increase in the number of Hall people who have joined the O.U.A.C., and some of the Freshmen have shown themselves very entfiusiastic.

Our activities as a team this term have been confined to two competitions. After a lapse of two years we again entered a team for the Inter-College Cross-Country Cup, and the result w_a s very satisfactory as we finished fifth.

In the Inter-College Relays, while our team did not do so well this year as last, we set an exa~ple to other Colleges by entering people for every event, and so by not forfeiting any points we finished third in our division.

J. N. Shaw has been elected a member of the Achilles Club.

H. R. Durham finished second in the Three Miles in the Freshmen's Sports, and ran for th e Oxford Freshmen against Cambridge .

E. M. Roberts has been chosen to run in the Quarter-Mile for Oxford in the Relays at Cambridge.

P. N .LEM .

THE LAWN TENNIS CLUB .

Captain-E. F . FoxTO:-<.

Secretary - ] . L. PrNNIGER . ~fie activities of the Lawn Tennis Club were considerably handicapped this year by adverse weather. Apart from a sunny interval in May, there was an almost uninterrupted sequence of wet and cold days, which did nothing to improve the already poor condition of the tennis courts . Most of the match play was confined, therefore, to the first half of the term, when attention was directed to the building up of a sound side for Cup ties. Four old inembers were in residence, and the team was completed by thP

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ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

addition of two promising Fr-eshmen, W. H. H. Waterfield and E. P. M. Elliott. The First .VI drew Merton in the first round of Cup-ties and managed to win three rubbers. The Second VI went out at the hands of Corpus. !!

W c missed the valuable aid of the Secretary, J. L. Pinniger, who was unfortunately absent for the greater part of the term because of illness.

An American Tournament was arranged . for the last week of term, for which there was a large entry, but again, like most other matches, it had to be cancelled on account of rain.

It is to be hoped that the courts will show considerable improvement next year after the constant care which Harvey is bestowing on them during the winter months.

J. L. Pinniger and E. P . M . Elliott were elected Captain and Secretary respectively for the ensuing season. Colours were awarded to E. P. M. Elliott, W . H . H. Waterfield, G. M. Burnett and F. Martin.

E.F.F. THE SWIMMING CLUB. Captain-F. B. Wooo.

At the beginning of the Hilary Term the water-polo team held a strong position in the Inter-College League, and an unbroken record of victories through the term secured us the headship.

In the Trinity Term we were beaten by University College in the water-polo final by a niirr-ow ; margin in an evenly-contested game. In the Relay matches we were unlucky to lose to Balliol by a touch in the second round.

The difficulties in the way of collecting enough competitors for the Matthews Cup, caused by Schools and the weather, were found to be so great.that the cup was at length awarded to F. B. Wood, who was also elected Captain for the current year.

The loss of M. Y. Ffrench-Williams and of several other members of the Club left the polo team with only two members at th1: beginning of the Michaelmas¡ Term. Un<!er these conditions W(' were justified in treating the first round of the League as an'°pportunity to experiment with the team. The large number ~ i fresh players and the continual necessity for making changes resu1ted in a succession of losses which, on paper, is far from hopeful. However, the team has greatly benefited by the games and has certainly improved.

N. E. Monie is to be congratulated on winning the O.U.S.C. 50 Yards Breast-stroke Handicap and on subsequently representing .the University in this event.

M.J.M.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE 63 --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - THE CHESS CLUB. HU.ARY TERM, 1936.

IV Secretary-R. J. LUND. In the Inter-College Competition, continued in the Hilary Term, the Club gained one victory. St. Catherine's Society were beaten on four boards, one game being drawn. The team on this occasion was: M. Y. Ffrench-Williams, D. C. P. Fitch, R. Byrom, B. R. Coates and R. J. Lund. Qther matches were played against Balliol, Jesus and Oriel Colleges. We lost narrowly to the lastnamed, R. Byrom and A. F. Finch winning their games on boards three and five.

R. J. L. MICHAELMAS TERM.

There was no competition this term, and chess playing has been left to the conscience of the individual. We hope to enter the Inter-College Competition at the beginning of next term, when endeavours will be made to improve our position.

A. F .F.

TWO YEARS IN ECUADOR. CUADOR is situated on the west coast of South America, between Peru and Colombia, and exactly on the equator. It is one of the least known of the South American republics, _chiefly because it is one of the smallest" and least developed. It has no outstanding natural resources, such as the nitrate of Chile, or the silver and copper of Bolivia. Ve(y Ettie foreign capital has been invested in it. There is one good railway between the chief port, Guayaquil, and the capital, Quito, and two or three minor lines which serve no useful purpose. Roads as we know them in Europe are unknown : such earth roads as exist are unusable in the rainy season and are only three in number - one from the nerthern boundary to the capital, one from the capital to the neighbourhood of the chief port, and one from the latter to a fashionable bathingresort. If you wish to see more of Ecuador than the minute portion so served, you have to do so on horseback, where paths exist, or by canoe, where rivers exist, and:as a last resort on foot. -There is a ' looal tradition that the people living in Quito - at that time everybne who was anyone lived in Quito - refused to allow a good road there to be built because the English pirates would then easily march up and sack the capital. History does not relate at what date this ceased to appear a convincing reason to the Quitefios, but it is a fact that while I was in Ecuador a small local paper, wishing to convince its readers that the manager of the company for which 1-was working was engaged in exploiting the

E

64

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - - -- -- -- - -- - -- - -

------

poor Ecua,dorean, described him as ' a direct descendant of the English pirate, Drake.' The climate varies from a decidedly cold one, with occasional hail and snow, on the higher altitudes of the interior, to a tropical one on the coast, with a distance in places of not more than a hundred miles between the two extremes.

I was working for an English company which had acquired rights to approximately half a million acres of land on the northern coast of the Republic. The company dated from about 1884, when the land was granted to it by the government in lieu of repayment of a loan from England, which had been raised to enable Ecuador, together with ¡chile, Bolivia and Colombia - at that time all Spanish colonies - to carry on its war against Spain and finally become an independent republic. At first the company worked spasmodically, and theri it did nothing at all, until about three years ago, when new capital was raised. It has, in theory, full rights over the whole of its concession, but in practice it is impossible to cover the whole area as there are few tracks. It consists almost entirely of virgin forest and is very hilly. Even the local natives have little real knowledge of the land outside their own immediate vicinity.

We were chiefly engaged in the planting of castor seed, trading in tropical products such as vegetable ivory, coffee, cotton, rubber, etc., and extraction of timber from the forest. We kept a herd of about seventy cattle, as the natives round about, and of course our own workmen, were dependent on us for meat. As transport over land was by pack, it was necessary for us to keep sixty pack mules. For transport by sea to the ports we had one 100-ton Brixham trawler-which had originally crossed the Atlantic with a ¡ party of treasure-seekers bound for the Cocos Islands- and two small sailing boats.

My job as assistant. to the manager was a very varied one. At one time or another I had to do with all these various activities in addition to a certain amount of office work. At first there were four of us on the estate, but during the last year and a half, with the manager in England and his second-in-command conducting business in Guayaquil, there were only a German engineer, who wa~ in charge of the sawmill and other machinery on the estate, and myself. The labourers in that part of Ecuador are largely negroid, descendants of African slaves brought in by the Spaniards, and, like most Ecuadorean workmen, are quite easy to get on with, only work when watched, and have absolutely no sense of honesty.

One occasionally meets West Indian negroes, usually Jamaicans, who were brought in for the construction of the railway from

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Guayaquil to Quito, or have wandered down the coast from Panama. Personally I found the pure-blooded negro much better_ than the varied mixtures which, as the result of inter-marriage with Ecuadoreans, include all shades between jet-black and yellow.

In the interior the labourers are all Indians, practically pure, though very degraded, descendants of the original Maya inhabitants. Until recently they were to all intents and purposes slaves of the landowners. On one or two of the coastal rivers there live a tribe of Indians of a different type, who now exist by fishing, the washing of gold, and extraction of timber, but they are decreasing in numbers and are being pushed farther up the rivers by the infiltration of the negroes, whom they dislike intensely. On the eastern side Of the Andes, bordering the Amazon basin, the territory is almost completely unexplored and is inhabited by various jungle tribes. Among these are the Jobaros, who make a practice of cutting off the heads of their enemies and reducing them by some process of their own to the size of a large orange, all the facial features, etc., being proportionately reduced. There was quite a trade in these reduced heads until the_Ecuadorean Government put an ÂŁ8o fine on anyone trying_to export them, since when a ' factory ' is supposed to have sprung up in Panama, for the benefit of the tourist trade, turning out these heads on the massproduction principle from the naturally-deceased of the city. The typical Ecudorcan, if any, is the descendant of Indian and Spanish stock, and is the same type as the Peruvian or Chilean.

We installed a sawmill, and logs extracted by mule-power, tractor or river were sawn up, and the planks sent to one of the three chief ports for local sale. The local market for timber is very good, as practically all house con ~ truction is of wood, except in the business quarter of Guayaquil, where concrete is being used extensively. Railway sleepers and beams for use in building were squared by axe in the forest. The men engaged in this work have attained a degree of accuracy impossible to believe unless seen, and the real expert can produce a beam as square as and with a surface smoother than one produced by a circular saw.

Small boats of the dinghy type are practically unknown alongthe coast, except in the chief ports. All the sea-fishing canoes and ' boats ' used for loading produce from beach to sailing vessel are hollowed from a single trunk. All our loading was clone from the beach through the surf without the aid of a pier. Even Manta, the second port of Ecuador, which handles practically all the ivory nut, cotton and coffee trade, amounting to thousands of tons each week, has no pier for unloading lighters. All the produce

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE is carried out on the shoulders of men a distance of some thirty yards through the surf to smaJI shallow-draught sailing boats, which when laden sail out about a mile to where the German, French or Italian steamers are anchored. For bringing in sugar and other imports the process is reversed. In rough weather the men work up to their armpits in water, and make their way out to the boat with the aid of a life-line stretched from boat to shore, yet rarely if ever do the sacks get wet, an occurrence which would of course ruin the coffee. Cattle arriving m small coastal vessels are pushed into the sea, their horns being lashed to beams placed across a canoe. ¡ They then have to swim the half-mile or so to shore.

The one real drawback to the job was that we had no means of amusing ourselves other than sea-bathing. The nearest 'town' was twenty miles away and, like all small South American towns, had absolutely no attractions to offer. Moreover, to get there one had to ride along the beach (there hot being even a bridle-path inland), and the journey had to be made when the tide was out, as at some points there was no passage at high tide. The heat of the sun reflected by the sand and cliffs, and the monotony of the ride, made it an unpleasant expedition which was avoided unless absolutely necessary. Towards the end of my time a launch was bought to do. the trip, but even that was not much better. This lack of attractions, however, only made one appreciate them the more when they were possible, as on a month's local leave to Guayaquil and Quito.

In Guayaquil there is an English colony of about twenty and a rather larger number of Americans. It can boast a flourishing 'country club' with a good golf course. The cinemas are fairly good: one can see in them all the best American pictures. There is a theatre of sorts, but there is never a play worth going to.

The streets in the centre of the town are well paved and broad : taxis abound everywhere, and no one walks more than two hunclred yards if he can help it. As a tribute to American influence, most of the taxis and all the ramshackle 'buses have wireless sets installed : in the latter they blare forth all day. Living everywhere in the country is amazingly cheap when reckoned in terms of dollars or sterling. The best room, for instance, in the best hotel in Guayaquil (admittedly not a very grand one when judged by European standards) costs about ms. a day, including food. For my own part I was content with a room in the second-best hotel, where room, food, etc., cost 3s. 6d. a day.

The journey by train from Guayaquil to Quito takes two days, a night being spent at a hotel half-way . The single track, roughly

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miles long, rises to an altitude of u .,ooo feet in order to reach t.he capital at 9,000 ft. It is a great engineering feat. Like most of the South American railways , it was built by British and American engineers and capital. At the half-way stop one has to get up at 7 o'clock in the morning to catch the train in a freezing temperature, without any fires-not a pleasant experience within twentyfour hours of leaving the coast after a year and a half in a tropical climate. At this altitude (i.e. 9,000 to II ,ooo feet) the climate all the year round is as cold as that of an English spring, and although it is sometimes fairly hot at mid-day in the sun, European clothes are always necessary, and after sunset an overcoat.

In Quito there are few Europeans, as, practically speaking, no trade is done there. It is merely the home of the Government a nd the military and a ll their attendant satellites. Everyone is within doors by 9 o'clock at night, the cafes and hotels closed, and the streets absolutely deserted-a contrast to Guayaquil. It is quite a beautiful town, being one .of the first to be founded by the Spaniards, with some fine buildings, amongst them the cathedral.

It lies in a hollow, and surrounding it are high mountain ranges.

On fine days one can see the permanently snow-capped volcanic peaks, Chimborazo and Cotopaxi._ There is one good hotel in it, owned and run by an Englishman (from Gibraltar) , tha t is equal in appearance and comfort to a good European one.

I should add that the hotel lies near the Government building and has bullet-proof iron shutters to the windows on the ground floor, which are let down every night, and, if a revolution is pending, during the daytime too. This hotel is regarded as a 'sanctuary' by fleeing politicians of either side when hard pressed, and as such is respected by the opposing factions. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the proprietor has the Union Jack conspicuously placed on all the hotel labels.

It is not easy in a short space to give a true picture of the country, and there is always a tendency to stress the unusual. But I must say, in conclusion, that I enjoyed my time there and gained a tremendous amount of useful experience. The get-rich-quick days of South America are over - and wonderful days they must have been, if one believes half the stories one hears from oldtimers of the West Coast. At the present. time there are few even moderately good jobs going, at least in Ecuador, so that, although on account of the favourable rate of exchange one lives very well while one is out there, it is a different matter when one comes home on leave.

400

M. P.

VIDAI--HAJ, L.

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THE ISIS IN GERMANY J\ S

one looks back on three very pleasant weeks spent in Germany with the Isis crew in the Long Vacation, few incidents seem to detach themselves with any particular clarity from the whole, for life during the entire tour was lived at such a high pitch that in retrospect it is rather a kaleidoscopic jumble than a clear picture.

True, the primary aim of the trip was rowing, but the worthy burghers of Essen, Bad Ems and Koblenz¡ did not mean to let us spend all our time in that diverting pursuit. To use an American idiom, they took us places and showed us things. And not infrequently they regaled us with banquets, civic and otherwise, at which there was invariably a superfluity of cheering beverages, since it was understood everywhere that in England alcohol played an important, nay, essential, r&le in the training diet. The point was not often disputed, and it is a great tribute to the generosity of our hosts in this respect, that from every regatta in which it took part the crew bore away a handsome _Warrderpreis, one of which may be viewed by the cur;ious at the University Boathouse.

According to their respective means, all the boat clubs who entertained us as their guests treated us royally. Thus we began life in the spacious boathouse e,t Essen, gravitated to the sumptuous but rather more impersonal atmosphere of the Hotel Staatliches, Kurhaus, where beer was a mark a bottle and the headwaiter regarded us with suspicion ; from whence we experienced a drop in comfort, though not in spirits, by spending our last week at what was virtually a hostel for canoeists on the banks of the Mose!.

Naturally enough there were disadvantages, chiefly as regards getting used to the boats and oars supplied to us by our hosts. At Bad Ems we returned evil for good by breaking six oars (by fair means), one of which actually began to splinter during the course of a race. He whose oar it was showed admirable presence of mind by rowing the whole race with his blade squared ; and, going in early on the first stroke of the paddle back to the raft, provided a great sensation among the crowd by snapping it completely in two. In spite of such drawbacks, the crew as a whole showed itself to be remarkably adaptable, as the above goes to prove. The beginning of each week saw us faced with the task of trying out a new boat and oars. I use the word 'new' inadvisedly. At least one of the light ships which we used during the tour was twenty

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years old ! Things novel and strange, such as fixed rowlocks with metal pins, not to speak of oars with offset blades, excited now our curiosity, now our despair. In most cases we were under-boated.

That such considerations make little difference to the speed of a crew was conclusively proved by the fact that we broke the record for two of the courses over which we raced.

A delightful custom at these regattas is the presentation of a large bouquet of flowers to the coxswain of the winning crew, which he receives at the hands of a charming young lady in a canoe. As the normal method of rowing¡ is to dispense with heats and race six abreast, this privilege is invariably well-earned and is thus made all the more pleasant.

There is only ohe fault which we found in German rowing-men, and that is such a human one that perhaps it is hardly worth mentioning. However, the fact remains that the Teutonic oarsman, in common with his English cousin, likes a lead at the beginning of a race as well as at the end. This all-too-natural desire, smothered to a large extent by the more repressed Englishman, finds expression in the emancipated German in a surreptitious oiling-away of the boat from the start before the umpire has given the word to begin rowing. These tactics were always a little upsetting for us, and we could never bring ourselves to emulate them, except once, and on that occasion all the crews were called back for a fresh start.

After the regatta there was always a party with dancing, and plenty to eat and drink for those who were too tired, too old or did not care for terpsichorean activities. It was at these functions that the old 'heavies' came into their own, and, mellowed with wine, related tales of their youthful triumphs. The German 'heavy,' taking him all round (quite a long way in most cases) is neither as colourful nor as imposing as his English counterpart, but he po.s sesses to a much subtler degree the art of the raconteur.

He is a more picturesque figure : his anecdotes somehow make one think of Siegfried and his Nibelungs rowing down the Rhine - in a way a more enthralling picture than the dead-straight Henley course or the mud-coloured river from Putney to Mortlake. All is shrouded in a misty veil of reminiscence ; or is it merely the emanations from a long-necked bottle mingled with the aroma of a Brazilian cigar which have caused him (and me) to become a little sentimental?

It was not without regret that we lifted our boat out of the water for the last time ; but that is only as it should be. We learned a great deal from the German clubs, especially as regards keenness. The average German oarsman does his rowing in the

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evening after he has finished work for the day. Training begins in the spring (there is no winter rowing) and is very strict, for in many clubs it entails taking an oath to abstain from smoking, drinking and women. Anyone breaking his word is of course ostracised from the rowing world for an indefinite period. Regattas are held every week-end throughout the summer and are usually two-day affairs, taking place on Saturday and Sunday.

Thus German oarsmen have far and away more opportunity of studying the strategy of rowing races during their season than we have at Oxford, rowing all the year round. It seems strange when one considers that our experience of racing during those three weeks was far more than the average College oarsman gains during the whole of his University career. Let us hope that it will stand Oxford in good stead!

G. ]. P. MERIFIELD.

THE FLOWERS OF OXFORD T is surprisirig how many people look upon botany as a deadly subject and regard all plants as 'weeds.' Yet the person who cannot appreciate the beauty of a flower is rare indeed, and there is no subject to compare with botany for presenting the student with beauty at every turn. It is rather, then, from the point of view of the naturalist and flower-lover than that of the scientific botanist that I am about to describe some of the most striking of the Oxford plants.

No picture of Oxford would be complete without the flowers that deck its old walls. There is probably no other city in the country whose walls can compete with Oxford's for floweriness.

One plant, indeed, is so characteristic of the stonework of Oxford that it has been called the Oxford Ragwort (Senecio squalidus), and it may be seen on every old wall waving its golden sheaves of daisy-flowers over the dark stone even in winter. Thoug h originally confined to Oxford, the plant has taken advantage of civilisation, its seeds being carried away in railway trains and dropped along the line. it may be found all along the G.W.R., and, reaching London, has now invaded the other railways, as far as Chichester on th e Southern and at least to the suburbs m the north-and that without even a platform ticket .!

Another conspicuous denizen of the crumbling walls . is the Greater Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) with its familiar red or pink flowers. This plant has long been cultivated in gardens and is never a native. On the walls by Wadham College will be seen

I

Photo: V .E . G. C . .-\ W HITE FRITILL.-\RY (Frilil! a ria .llel1·ag ris 1.

Photo : N.E.G.C. AUTUMN CROCUSES IN 'STOW WOOD.

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the beautiful Cheddar Pink (Dianthus caesius), which is an escape here and is only found wild on the cliffs of Cheddar, where it is much sought by collectors. On many walls the familiar Wallflower (Cheiranthus chei-ri) is conspicuous with its orange heads of flowers.

On the even more crumbly walls of some of the delightful villages round Oxford may be seen a race of dwarf spring-flowerihg plants, mostly annuals, and every whit as charming as their large relatives. These include the inch-high Whitlow Grass (Draba 1 1 erna) with white star-like flowers, the rather similar Rue-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifmga tridactylites), but with more rounded petals and bright red stems, the blue Forget-me-not (Myosotis collina), a nd the deeper blue Speedwell (Veronica arvensis) and many others.

If yo u now wander clown to the river you will find, though, maybe, not without some searching, a number of interesting flowers. Of these first of all come the Waterlilies, the large¡white Nym phaea alba and the smaller yellow Nuphar lutea. In certain places, particularly in the neighbourhood of Port Meadow, you will see ftoatipg leaves on the river which look like miniature waterlily leaves with crinkly edges, and if you were to visit the same spot in August you would find them interspersed with beautiful fringed fto-wers of a clear yellow, raised just above the surface of the water . This is the rare Limnanth or - and it is an impressive name to be able to produce - Limnanthemum nym;phaeoides ; and, believe it or not, it belongs to the Gentian family. In the river and in dykes may be found several species of Water Crowfoot, the white buttercups which grow in water and are known collectively as .Ranunculus aq1iatilis, though a number of species are included in this general title. Certain dykes at Iffiey, and again hear \ i\Tytham, contain the feathery submerged leaves of. the Water Violet (Hottonfo palustris) . . In June they will be transforinecl by a mass of mauve flower spikes that will wave ever the dark water.

In the reed-swamps at the margins of dykes and rivers are a number of attractive plants of which the most conspicuous are the Yellow Flag (Iris pseudac.orus), the Loosestrifes, Yellow (Lysimachia vulgaris) and Purple (Lythrum salicaria), with their bright spires of bloom. Here and there are the tall wands of the l<iowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus), on the summits of which are borne the dainty clusters of pink three-petalled flowers. In one locality the very rare Water Germander is said to grow, though I have failed to find it (Teucrium scordiwm). In the marsh at Headington Wick the Wild Columbine (Aquilegia vulga¡ris) grows in profusion, both pink, white and blue, and is a sight worth seeing.

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Perhaps the most interesting and unusual of the habitats round Oxford are its marshy riverside meadows. In the meadows near Iffiey the local Snakeshead or Fritillary (Yritillaria meleagris) flourishes, though its numbers "re being reduced by ruthless picking and-worse still-uprooting. Its drooping chequered flowers of a dull purplish red are quaintly attractive, and are only surpassed by the delicate purity of the white form which occurs occasionally with the type. The rare wild Tulip (Tulipa silvestris) grows in small quantity in Christ Church Meadows, where it is always barren, as indeed it usually is in the wild state. Other plants of the damp meadows include the tall dark red Burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis), the Marsh Valerian (Valeriana dioica) and the Marsh Orchis (Orchis incarnata) with its spikes of pink or purple flowers.

The woods about Oxford are not without their uncommon plants. Thus in Bagley Wood may be found several orchids; these include the rather common Early Purple Orchis (Orchis mascula) with its rich colouring, the paler Spotted Orchis (Orchis fuchsii), the slender green-flowered Twayblade (Listera ovata) and the rarer Butterfly Orchis (Habenaria virescens) with its delicate white flowers, bearing little resemblance to a butterfly, but nevertheless very charming. In this wood also grows the rare Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis), producing sprays of white blossom in May. In Stow Wood a little bulbous plant, Gagea lutea, sometimes called the Yellow Star of Bethlehem, is reputed to be found, but so far I have not come across it.

In several of the woods, in their marshier and more open portions, can be found the lovely Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale), often called the Autumn Crocus. The lilac crocus flowers appear in the autumn before the leaves, which come up in the spring to die down at the end of the summer. If you visit parts of Stow Wood in the autumn you will see broad drifts and patches of its mauve stars.

In a wood called Appleton Lower Common, about six miles from Oxford, there is a single stick-like bush of Mezereon (Da.phne mezereum). This plant produces deep heather-purple or pink flowers in February, before the Jeaves appear, and, though once much more widespread, is now becoming very rare. The keeper of the wood, a true naturalist, treats it with such reverence that 1ie has erected a ring of wire netting around it to protect it from 1abbits.

Other interesting plants occurring on open ground round Oxford include the uncommon Small-flowered Buttercup (Ranuf!kulus parviflorus), the purple or rose-coloured Green-winged Orchis

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(Orchis maria), Milk Vetch (Astragalus glycyphyllas) with heads of cream-coloured flowers, and the handsome mauve Mountain Cranesbill (Geranium pyrenaicum).

At Godstow Nunnery, a relic of medieval gardening still survives in the peculiar A ristalachia clematitis, or Dutchman's Pipe.

This plant has curious yellowish flowers shaped like miniature horns and is very rare in England, only growing near old monasteries.

Many more rare species may be found in the neighbourhood of Oxford, but mostly at distances of more than five miles. Of these it must suffice here to mention that the bogs at Cothill, some six miles south, are very well worth a visit as they contain a number of beautiful bog plants, some of which are very scarce in the south of Engl!ind: N. E. G. CRUTTWELL.

AN ARGENTINE TOUR N Saturday, June 2oth, twenty-three Rugby players waved good-bye to their many friends at Tilbury and with high hopes set out for the great South American continent. On August 25th those same players left Buenos Aires with their hopes fully realised, to the strains of ' Auld Lang Syne ' and ' Why were they born so beautiful?' sung by an even greater number of friends.

After the ten days' Atlantic crossing we entered Rio de Janeiro. surely the most beautiful harbour in the world, with its ' sugarloaf' mountain and the grandeur of Corcovado, an awe-inspiring precipice surmounted by a gigantic figure of Christ overlooking the lovely city. Ten days later we arrived at Buenos Aires. Invitations poured in from clubs and individuals to cocktail parties, dances and dinners. We were given free railway passes and honorary membership of the many excellent athletic clubs in the city. But notwithstanding all this hospitality, the main purpose of our visit was not pushed into second place. We had a list of matches against All-Argentine, All-English and Anglo-Argentine teams, the last including two ' Test ' sides. We had twelve games arranged and played on Wednesday and Sunday each week, but owing to injuries two had to be cancelled. Altogether we scored 399 points against nine. Although some of our games were won by iarge margins, we had some very hard struggles, and the Rugby standard in the Argentine has improved beyond recognition since the last British team went out in 1927.

Perhaps the most enjoyable week was when we split up into parties of five or six and visited the estancias of English friends.

O

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Here on the pampas we enjoyed vaccinating-, dipping and branding cattle, riding, playing polo, shooting and hunting ostrich. And can there be anying more thrilling than hunting ostrich in a Ford car travelling at almost fifty m.p.h. over the rough grass enclosures, with everyone shooting in all directions from the windows with rifles and revolvers ! Unless you had seen them you would not believe that an ostrich could run so fast or was so hard to hit; and that is not merely an excuse. To return to the city after camp life made us all realise how healthy and enjoyable it is on an Argentine estancia.

Our friends from the camp came into Buenos Aires to see our last game and brought with them two live armadillos, which they proceeded to introduce into the bedroom of two members of the party ! One of them, on returning to his room, found these animals making a terrifying noise in the bathroom, and, being unable to sleep, he tackled their tortoise-like back-legs and put them in a bath. I do not believe that he will ever forget how he pictured himself being eaten alive by these animals which, though repulsive in appearance, are, as he learned later, quite harmless and often kept as pets.

Our six weeks in Buenos Aires were soon over, for Argentine hospitality and that of the large English community was so overwhelming that the six weeks seemed no longer than six days. But we had seen the life in the city and in the camp-the real Argentina-and it was with feelings of regret when on August 25th we had to leave. The Avila Star was thronged long before our departure, and when we eventually sailed at midnight we were given an unforgettable send-off, and it was not until we were out of ear-shot that the strains of the singing died away.

J. A. BRETT.

.

A

LIFE IN A GERMAN LABOUR SERVICE CAMP

SHORT train ride N.vV. from Bremen through flat and rather monotonous countryside, typical in this part of Lower Saxony, bring s the traveller to a small town rejoicing in the name of Osterholz-Scharmbeck. Sloping down at right angles to the railway line runs a cobbled road, on one side of which is a wood of tall shady trees . Turning aside from the road into the welcome cool of the wood, one comes after a brief walk to a circle of long flat-roofed grey-green Army huts, surrounded by a widish ditch and a low wa ll of dirt. At the gateway stands a sentry-box and

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near it a booted, heavily dressed sentry bearing on his shoulder no more lethal a weapon than a shining spade. The whole establishment is in fact Reichsarbeitsdienst-:-Abteilung 4/171 'Jurgen Christian Findorff ' - or, more simply, one of Germany's Labour Service Camps.

Through the good offices of Arbeitsmann Fritz Schmidt, with whose parents I was spending a holiday, I was permitted, along with my brother, to spend nearly twenty-four hours in the camp, in order that we might really see for ourselves one aspect of the new Germany, as revealed in its everyday routine. We arrived at the camp at about six o'clock on a Wednesday evening and found the men taking it easy in preparation for the .l ast meal of the day.

Before supper we were taken over the camp by our friend, who .r;xplained its layout and arrangement. There were seven huts in all.

Of these one is divided between a small guard-room and a large dining-hall providing accommodation for about 150 men, with a cookhouse adjacent. Another is divided between the administrative offices and a small hospital. A third provides washing facilities with showers and similar equipment. Another is a large store house and bicycle shed. The other three are the resident quarters, each one being divided into three compartments, and each compartment housing seventeen men and a troop-leader.

Entering the compartment to which my friend belonged, we received an uproarious welcome from the ' troops,' who were then dividing their time between such activities as polishing the special parade spades, cleaning their kit, writing letters, or singing to the accompaniment of ¡a concertina. Then, before long, a whistle sounded, and all stood to attention; a sharp command and from the huts there was a dash to line up on the ' parade ground,' a small area of beaten earth in the centre of the camp. Each man carried his table utensils consisting of a wooden platter with a handle, a large mug and a knife and fork. Another command barked forth by an N .C.O. and we joined the general rush to get supper. This consisted merely of soup, a meat compound, coarse brown bread (Komissar Brat) and margarine . During this sumptuous repast, we had a musical accompaniment from the radio, but this was interrupted _while an officer read aloud news from one of the official Nazi journals. My friend explained that this was for the benefit of those members of the camp who had been unable to find time to read the news during the day, but my own view was that it was just another example of the ruthless determination of National Socialism that none shall escape the propagandist official view of events.

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Supper over, the camp was rapidly emptied of its members, for the majority on this particular night had leave till twelve o'clock.

We cycled out a mile or two over rough tracks to an inn on the moors and sat for a while drinking beer in the garden by the River Hamme. While we sat there, two or three turf-boats cam~ gliding by, revealed to us only as silhouettes against a faintly moonlit sky and oasting black shadows on the calm water. Then back to Osterholz, and a visit to what was described as a ' huntipg celebration ' in a dance-hall where heavy men and buxom maidens danced noisily the ol.d dances to the strains of a brass quartet.

In the camp once more, we retired to bed and very literally ' hit the hay.' The sleeping berths were bunks arranged in twos, one above the other. The mattresses and pillows were of straw, and in addition they provided us¡ with two blankets apiece. Ou! early retirement had been a strategic move in view of a possible early rising. Nor were we disappointed.

At the inhuman hour of five o'clock the following morning a bugle rang out a challenge to the rising sun; there followed, so far as I remember in the confusion consequent on a sudden awakening, a period of intense activity. Before I had time to set foot on the floor a head appeared round the door of the hut and bellowed ' Heil Hitler' (presumably to make sure there were no slackers).

My own feelings towards 'der Fuhrer' were even less affectionate than usual. However, the majority were out of bed and putting on slippers and gym. shorts almost before I had moved. Thus inadequately clad, they marched on to a nearby football ground in the chilly dawn to take part in friihsport, while the sluggards were made to waddle sleepily round the camp a few times. By the time the main force returned, singing lustily, from its cavortings on the football ground, we had washed and were ready for fruhstuck.

For this meal at 5.30 we had bread and magarine with sausage or jam, washed down by a beverage which with a generous stretch of the imagination might have been coffee. At the time, however, we were too hungry to make any complaints: we just ate as much of the meagre fare as we could lay hands on.

At 6.15 the whole camp paraded before the Abteilungsfuhrer for \vhat amounted to a roll-call, each troop-leader reporting as to the state of his forces. This was followed by the real beginning of the day's activities with the ceremony of hoisting the Labour Service Flag, carried out with much saluting and strutting, and signalised by a bugle call. Now it was time for work to begin, and by 6.30 the greater part of the personnel set out from the camp in long lines mounted on grey service bicycles for the various work-places.

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At the head of each column of cyclists, the troop-leader carried a small flag. The section with which \~e rode headed out of Osterholz over rising ground to the west, and after twenty minutes or so of r:ough riding, dismounted outside an old barn. There they collected various tools such as picks and shovels and proceeded a few hundred yards up the sandy road to the scene of operations.

T.hey were, in this instance, engaged in draining, levelling and . relaying the foundation of a country road. Some were engaged in cutting back the hedgerows, others clearing, digging and banking up the ditches at the roadside, while others emptied and spread around sand to form the drainage base of the road, the sand being brought from the pit a few kilometres away by a miniature train.

This work went on from 7.0 till ro.o, when there was a brief halt of half an hour, to consume a secopd breakfast consisting of greasy sansage and bread, and to snatch a welcome rest, lying under the trees in a pleasant meadow nearby. Work was then resumed until about 12.30, when the party returned to the camp.

The working conditions were not at all arduous. The work itself was perh~ps heavy for those unaccustomed to it, but everyone seemed at liberty to take it as easily as he pleased. Visits were paid at infrequent intervals during the morning from the officer-incharge of the working parties, and perhaps there was more activity when he was present. He was an old Army man, so I understood, and seemed to be quite a decent fellow. Apart from that, the only sign of authority was the presence of a young N.C.O. of the coarser type who would occasionally hurl some brute sarcasm at an offender. But really no one seemed to take him very seriously, and the discipline at this work-place was pretty lax - indeed, surprisingly so.

During the morning my friend was permitted to show us a former work-place where the Labour Service had drained a large boggy moorland area by cutting a system of ditches to carry the water away from the heather-covered peaty earth. Parts of it were alr eady under -cultivation, and I understood that part of Germany's plan to make herself economically independent is to bring under cultivation every ¡acre of waste ground. In preparing for such tasks as these, the Labour Service is utilised to a large extent.

We rejoined the others at the work-place shortly before ' knocking-off' time and rode back to the camp with them. Before lunch, however, there were potatoes to be peeled for lunch on the following day ! For lunch on this day we had a mess of boiled potatoes and fish - rather insipid, but there was plenty of it for those who felt hungry. After this meal there was an hour's rest; we lay

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down among the bushes on the edge of the camp, and before Jong. snores on aJI sides showed how the morning's work had taken its toJI. Being unaccustomed to early rising, I too drifted off into oblivion, in spite of having done no work. At four o'clock a blast on a whistle brought the camp back to activity. NormaJly at this hour they have ' lessons ' which last for about a couple of hours.

Here propagandist iaims reassert themselves, and the troops are lectured by ' masters ' of doubtful erudition in such subjects as history and geography and the political theories of National Socialism. These are intended more for the artisan members of the camp, and the standard of the ' education ' thus provided is the subject of no little chaff from the better-educated of the Service men.

In August, however, training for the Reich's Partei-tag at N iirmberg was in process, and for our especial benefit the training hour was brought forward, so that we might see them put through their course. The camp assembled in full marching kit, with pack upon back and spade on shoulder, and marched to the football pitch nearby. There we saw them go through all their evolutions, marching, counter-marching, doing a special Labour Service version of the 'goose-step,' changing formation and so on, all being done with the most admirable precision worthy of a regular military force. The scene was most impressive, with the tramp of marching feet raising the dust from the ground, the sun shining on the glinting spades, and the musical accompaniment of the men singing those rather heavily-harmonious marching songs, with characteristic German vigour combining fierce pride of race with :, certain pathos. That was my last inspiring impression of the camp, for we were due to return to Bremen and, taking the woodland path back to the station, left them to their training in the broiling sun of a late afternoon in August.

A great deal of rubbish has been written and spoken concerning these German Labour Service Camps, and I think .in the interests of truth we ought to consider their function and purpose.

They aim at bring ing together young men from all spheres of life, from all classes and all parts of Germany, that together they may work and learn each other's views on life. The Service is out to teach those who have lived an easy existence the value of manual toil, to discipline the recalcitrant, to knock the corners off 'hard cases ' and to encourage all to work for the common good in doing tasks of value to the nation. It is true that the Service is compulsory, and demands six months of a fairly vigorous existence from the best .period of a young man's life. But such is the fervour

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among many for the ideals of National Socialism that to be chosen for the Service is counted a mark of honour, for only the physically and morally fit are selected. The average age of those in the camp was about twenty or twenty-one; those who have the good fortune to receive a higher education enter the Service on leaving school and before proceeding to a university. The others leave vocations already entered upon. It is not, so far as I could see, true to say that these camps are used to absorb large numbers of unemployed.

All the Service-men are youths in their very early twenties a nd, in all the Labour Service Camps in Germany, do not total more than about 200,000. Whether the institution of similar camps in this country is desirable is a matter for and against which many arguments may be advanced. When one considers the vast numbers of young men who waste large amounts of time hanging around street c'o rners, rotting inwardly from overdoses of cigarettesmoking or sitting in cinemas watching cheap American ' movies,' it seems to me that such camps might do a world of good. They might have the salutary effect of spreading the spirit of self-sacrifice and breaking down the class distinctions, based mainly on possession or lack of inherited wealth, which are still a blot on English life. A compulsory mingling of pit-lads and public schoolboys to live as comrades over a period of months and to work together mig ht create greater understanding of each other's needs, and would give those who will go on into administrative posts that essential contact with the problems which face them, which at present they seem to lack. For my part, if such ~n institution were established in Britain, I would not be unwilling to join the Service, because in the light of my experience in the camp at OsterholzScharmbeck I think that such camps would be of g reat value to the young men of this country. Whether it would be wise to make such a Service compulsory is a debateable question in view of the traditional reluctance of the Government in this country to conscript the individual in a ny way during peace-time.

However this may be, I thoroughly enjoyed what I believe to be a unique experience for a foreigner to be a llowed to spend a whole day and night as guest of a German Labour Service Camp.

My brother and I were received in a very friendly fashion and allowed to see what we wished. For that we are very grateful to the A bteilungs.fii.hrer and the men of the camp.

F. R.

MOUNTAIN.

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BOOK REVIEWS Under this heading there are noticed or reviewed recently published books or articles that possess a special A ularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents. We shall be glad to have such books and articles brought to our notice.

THE UNIVERSITIES OF EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. By the late Hastings Rashdall, Dean of Carlisle. A new edition in three volumes, edited by F. M. Powicke and A. B. Emden. Oxford : At the Clarendon Press, 1936. ÂŁ3 3s.

Dr. Eileen Power in reviewing this publication for the New Statesman writes that ' the long-awaited appearance of a new edition of Rashdall's Universities is something of an epoch in the history of British scholarship, not only because the book is a great book and has for many years been out of print and unobtainable, bu.t because the work of editing it has been performed with a combination of learning, skill and tact which could not have been bettered.' Professor Powicke is responsible for the revision of the two volumes on the Continental Universities, the Principal for the volume dealing with Oxford and Cambridge. The work is elaborately reviewed in the Jeading article of the ' Times Literary Supplemenrt of May 2, 1936, and the appearance of this new edition referred to as ' an event of outstanding importance,' and ' a notable achievement of British scholarship.' The Principal has indicated in his introduction to the third volume the opportunity which exists for further research in the history of colleges, and has given most careful bibliographical references to a vast amount of already publi shed material. The pages of Rashdall are of absorbing interest to the ordinary reader : to the undergraduate who wishes to discover the. truth about the origin and powers of Proctors, of sconcing or of academic dress, and to the more senior reader who sees in our Universities the most living and most social inheritance of the Middle Ages, and institutions in whose history the fundamental principles of sound education both for Church and State are to be found .

J . S.B. DICTIONARY OF WRITERS OF THIRTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND. By Josiah Cox Russell, Ph. D. Being Special Supplement No. 3 to the Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. 8vo, pp. x +zxo. London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1936.

In compiling this bibliography of thirteenth century English authors Dr. J. C. Russell has rendered students of English medieval learning and letters a very great service. Since the Dictionary

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of National Biography was completed, knowledge of the scholarly and literary activities of Englishmen during the medieval period h~s been much advanced ; and of no century is this more true than of that which saw the rise of universities at Oxford and Cambridge and the lead in the pursuit of learning taken by the newly-established Mendicant Orders. And one has only to turn over the pages of Dr. Russell's dictionary to be impressed by the richness and variety of the output of learned writing that the thirteenth century produced in England. The preponderant contribution of the Friars to this output points clearly to the conclusion that this output was the product of a movement in which religion and learning combined to provide the motive force . In the forefront of this movement are found St. Edmund of Abingdon and his friend Robert Grosseteste. One of the longest entries in his dictionary is that which Dr. Russell devotes to St. Edmund of Abingdon. It furnishes the fullest bibliography of St. Edmund and his writings that has yet been compiled.

Another entry that calls for mention in this review is that of his brother, Master Robert of Abingdon. Dr. Russell brings together for the first time a connected biographical notice concerning St. Edmund's brother. It has often been recorded that Robert was St. Edmund's fellow-student at Oxford and Paris, and that he accompanied him to Pontigny and was present at his death-bed; but Dr. Russell has been able to throw some light upon Robert's career in the interval. There is record of a Robert de Abendon, cl erk, receiving- a payment from the king on June 1, 1213, and on April 25, 1217, receiving a passport for an unspecified period. In 1220 Master Robert, in recompense for his loyalty to the Church in troublous times, was granted permission by the Pope to hold ¡additional benefices. Soon after his brother's elevation to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, he was appointed by him to a rich living, probably to that of Wing ham in Kent. It would appear that his appointment did not pass without criticism, for it is said that Master Odo of Cheriton, a scholar of property , remarked upon the danger which his brother ran in accepting such a gift. To this St. Edmund replied that his brother was mature in years, unexceptionable in character and eminent in learning, ' et talibus sunt ecclesiastica beneficia conferenda.' Robert would appear to have been readily ava.ilable whenever his brother required him: in 1237 he is found witnessing one of his official documents, and in 1239 ¡n egotiating for him with the Cardinal legate and the monks of Christchurch, Canterbury. In 1240, as rector of Wingham, he is found negotiating with the other Benedictine house in Canterbury, that

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of St. Augustine. In this same year he accompanied his brother into exile. It would seem that he did not long survive his brother's death, as his successor in the rectory of ~ingham was presented to the living before Sept. 27, .1243. Matthew Paris states that miraculous cures were reported to have occurred at his tomb.

Dr. Russell draws attention to a letter of that great English Franciscan, Adam Marsh, concerning Robert's will in which Robert is referred to as rector of Risberg. Dr. Russell does not identify this rectory, but it must be that of Princes Risborough, the deanery of which was one of the immediate jurisdictions of the Archbishops of Canterbury. In conclusion, Dr. Russell notes the existence of a MS. containing the books of Numbers and Deuteronomy which may have belonged to him. It now belongs to Magdalen College (MS. 123), and is described in Coxe's Catalogue of College MSS. as containing an inscription: 'ex dono magistri Roberti de Abbendonia, postea J. Grene et M. comitis de Rutlandia.'

A.B.E. ST. NICHOL.AS, ABINGDON, AND OTHER PAPERS. By Arthur E. Preston, F.S.A. 8vo, pp. xv+7+507. Oxford, at the Claren1 don Press, for the Oxford Historical Society, 1935.

In the course of his detailed historical study of the church and parish of St. Nicholas, Abingdon, Mr. A. E. Preston, than whom there is no one more learned in all that pertains to the history of that ancient borough, treats of the problem of the burial-place of Mabel, the saintly mother of St. Edmund of Abingdon. The relevant authorities appear to be in conflict. There is evidence for believing that St. Edmund's mother was buried in the church of St. Nicholas; but there is also evidence tor believing that the burialpLace was in a chapel adjacent to the A.b bey church near by.

Previous writers have been puzzled to know how these two variant statements should be resolved. 1 But Mr. Preston shows satisfactorily that the two statements are not necessarily irreconcilable.

The authority for the statement that St. Edmund's mother was buried in the parish churc;h of St. Nicholas is an unknown rhyming chronicler who is quoted by Thomas Hearne in his edition of Peter Langtoft's Chronicle. According to this chronicler she was buried with great honour in a stone tomb before the rood on the south side of this church, which stands, as the chronicler himself notes, ' a little without the abbey gate,' and on the stone which covered her resting-place there was carved an inscription describing her as ' Mabel, Flower of Widows.' Mr. Preston sees no reason to doubt *See Bernard Ward, St. Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, pp. 248-50.

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the substantial accuracy of this statement, which he believes to have been made by one who had ' himself seen the tomb, and if so must have been writing before 1250.'

The other statement rests on the authority of a lost chronicle of Abingdon Abbey from which Brian Twyne, the antiquary, made extracts in 1606. According to this chronicle John Blosneville, Abbot of Abingdon, who presided over the abbey from 1241 to 1256, caused a chapel to be built at his own expense and dedicated it to the Holy Cross, St. Edmund, and St. Guthlac, and this chapel came to be known as the 'Chapel of St. Edmund's mother.'

Mr. Preston resolves the difficulty inherent in these two statements by accepting both. [n his view, St. Edmund's mother, after her death about 1198, was buried in the parish church of St. Nicholas, and after the canonization of her son in 1 246 was translated to a specially prepared resting-place in the chapel built by Abbot Blosneville, and ' it is not improbable,' he adds, 'that the transference of Mabel's remains formed part of the Dedication ceremony.' St. Edmund himself had been given honourable burial in the abbey church of Pontigny , far from his native Abingdon : but it lay within the power of those in Abingdon who wished to do honour to the new saint to honour his mother, herself greatly revered for her holy living. ' Burials of ordinary persons,' as Mr. Preston points out, 'would only have been allowed in the Abbey graveyard, but the known piety of Mabel's life m ay .have earned for her exceptional consideration.'

In support of this explanation Mr. Preston produces important confirmatory evidence. He has discovered an entry in an index to a Vatican Register which unfortunately appears to be lost, noting the issue of a faculty about 1479 for the removal of Mabel's bones from Blosneville's chapel. The cause of removal, whether the ruinous condition of the chapel or some other pressing necessity, is not recorded in the index, nor is the place to which they were to be removed. Mr. Preston suggests that it was the chapel in honour of St. Edmund which had been erected in 1288 by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, on the site of his birthplace in what is still known as St. Edmund's Lane.

A.B.E.

A

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN OLDHAM, THE RESTORATION SATIRIST. B y

Harold F . Brooks. Oxford Bibliographical Society : Proceedings, Vol. V, Part i. 4to, pp. 47. Oxford University Press, 1936.

The good influence of Mr. Strickland Gibson's precise bibliographical technique is evident in Mr. Harold Brooks's bibliography of Oldham. Like Mr. Gibson's recent bibliography of Fuller, it is

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a model of exact, scholarly annotation, and should serve not only as .an example but also as an encouragement for others to investigate the puzzling but fascinating bibliographical problems of a period which has been unduly neglected. Such an investigation is desirable for a number of reasons. The last thirty or forty years of the seventeenth century was a time of intensive book production ; Grub Street was in the ascendant and was responsible for a prodigious output of ephemeral books, tracts, pamphlets and broadsides, many of which are now almost unprocurable. A study of this ' literature ' of the Restoration along bibliographical lines would add considerably to our knowledge of the book trade, of the relations between author and publisher, of the authors themselves and their public.

Oldham's bibliography is at once simple and complex, and offers a ¡good example of the kind of difficulties one is likely to meet.

It is simple becauses the canon of Oldham's writings is small and can be easily established; complex, because his publisher was a good man of business and found a new market for the separate tditions of Oldham's poems by issuing them in composite volumes.

The construction of the ' Oldham Omnibus ' provides a tricky problem for the bibliographer. Mr. Brooks confesses that he has found it confusing, and admits that copies may exist differently constituted from those which he has been able to examine. In passing, it is worth noting how poorly Oldham is represented in the three great libraries-B.M., Bodi., U.L.C.-employed by Mr .

Brooks, and how even the copies they do possess are frequently imperfect. A benefactor of very modest means could alter this state of affairs. Mr. Brooks cites an apparently unique copy, formerly belonging to Pope and now in the B.M., of' Remains,' 1695, and he also records the earlier of two issues of' Some New Pieces,' 1681, of which he has been unable to trace a copy. It would be interesting to have confirmation of the existence of copies of these volumes, also of a copy, if such exists, of ' Poems and Translations,' 1683, with sig. 15 uncancelled, on the ¡recto of which, as Mr. Brooks is able to show from an examination of the large cancel-stub in the Bodleian copy, there was orginally an extra couplet. To complete this list of desiderata, mention should be made of a volume which has probably been forgotten on the shelves of a private library if it has not crossed the Atlantic-Oldham's own inter-leaved and annotated copy of ' Romanae Historiae Anthologia,' 1648, which was offered for sale by a Leicestershire bookseller in 1905.

There is, as Mr. Brooks records, 'a mass of untouched MS. in Oldham's autograph,' ranging from notes to drafts and fair copies of poems, which is waiting to be used by a competent editor or

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biographer. A definitive edition of Oldham's poems is not, as the saying goes, badly needed, but it would be a very useful work .

No complete edition has been published since 1770, and the available texts could be much improved and substantially augmented by reference to the autograph material in the Bodleian and to contempora ry transcripts in the British Museum. A new edition would include, among other things, the two pieces Oldham never claimed as his but which he undoubtedly wrote-' Sardanapalus' and' Upon the Author of a Play call'd .S odom.' The latter was originally printed in a number of editions of Rochester's poems and has been commonly attributed to him. Incidentally, Mr. Brooks might have recorded other editions than the first of Rochester's poems in which it was printed. It appears, for example, in the 1685 edition as well as in the edition of 1712, where another of Oldham's poems, also included in the 1680 Rochester, is reprinted. Oddly enough, Mr. Brooks is unable to cite a copy of the 1691 Rochester, which contains Oldham's ' Elegy' ; it is surprising, if it is true, that none of our national libraries contains a copy of this not very uncommon book. Designed , as Tonson points out:, for ' the Cabinet of the most severe Matron,' it holds no dangers for the most innocent bibliographer, and can scarcely have been withheld from Mr. Brooks, who must not be blamed, on the other hand, for failing to discover both issues of the 1680 Rochester in the British Museum .

In conclusion, there is one general observation to make and two minute misprints to correct. In eight places Mr. Brooks cites as the' Copy Described' his own copies of Oldham's works. There is no particular harm in this, since he also gives references to other copies he has exa mined in public collections. As a general principl e, however, it is advisable, if not essential, that a bibliogTapher should base his collations and description of a book on a copy which is permanently accessible to other students rather than on one which cannot be checked. Of the two misprints, one is obvious: page 8 . note 4, for Ovia read Ovid; the other, though slight, might possibly suggest an original variant: page 27, 1.5 from bottom, for Sunday read A Sunday.

[This useful and appreciative review of Mr. Harold Brooks's Bibliography of John Oldham is reprinted from Th e Times Literary Supplement of November 14¡ But there needs to be added to it an Aularian tribute of praise and congratulation to Mr. Brooks on the skill and thoroughness with which he has accomplished his task. The reviewer of hi s bibliography expresses the opinion that a definitive edition of Oldham's poems 'would be a very useful work.' There is reason to believe that Mr. Brooks has such an edition already in hand , and it is to be hoped that it may not be long before it is ready for publication .-A.B. E.]

8G A

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE 500. By J. W. c.

Wand, D.D., Archbishop of Brisbane. Crown 8vo. London: Methuen and Co. 8s. 6d.

HISTORY OF THE EARLY CHURCH TO A.D.

If the Archbishop of Brisbane executes his episcopal functions with the rapidity and efficiency with which he wrote this book, he must make a truly apostolic pastor. It was almost completely written, he tells us, during his voyage to Australia in 1934, although owing to the pressure of other activities once he got there some sixteen months were required to bring it into a shape suitable for publication. It is the last member of a convenient trilogy covering the entire history of the Church, Miss M. Deanesly having dealt with the period 590 to 1590 in her 'History of the Medieval Church,' and Dr. Wand himself having carried the story down to the present day in his well-known ' History of the Modern Church.'

Since this third volume treats of nothing after the year 500. it would appear that so far as the life of the Church is concerned the Dark Ages are confined to the gap between that date and 590.

Church History as commonly taught has the reputation of being insufferably tedious and uninspiring, and the Provost of Queen's some years ago applied himself to the task of rescuing it from this unhappy condition. By a lavish use of dazzling guesswork and audacious psychological interpretation he succeeded in eliciting from his dull materials a liveliness which was perhaps not always all their own. With the same end in view the Archbishop has adopted somewhat different methods, and his theme is made interesting and even absorbing by skill of arrangement, wide knowledge of facts, and above all extraordinary clarity of style ~.nd description.

The immense stretch of history is covered in twenty-three chapters, which are themselves divided into manageable subsections adapted to every reader's pace, and at the end of the book there are provided not only tables of principal events, personages and councils, but also three reference maps. The student who feels impelled to probe deeper is supplied with a select booklist arranged under the main subject-heads. Some familiar and indispensable works are missing from this catalogue, but it would perhaps be surprising if a list so eclectic did not by its very nature raise a few misgivings.

Of course the subject is a well-worn one, and the scale of treatment is so small that the five centuries fall easily into 263 pages. One must not expect to find here the wealth of detail and the refreshingly original scholarship which one did not look for in vain in Dr. Wand's recent commentary on the "Petrine Epistles in

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the Westminster series. There are many other popular books in the field already, such as those by Clarke, Foakes Jackson and Pullan, and it must be hard to achieve originality. Nevertheless one feels quite sure that, apart altogether from the necessity of completing the trilogy, the writing and publication of this book was well worth while. Dr. Wand gives us fuller and more up-todate information than any of the text-books mentioned above, and the serious student no less than the passman ought to be able to read this book with profit. On many vital points the latest opinions are stated and discussed, such as, for example, Burkitt's views on Gnosticism, Streeter's theory of the Ministry, VO!ker's conclusions about the Agape, and Merrill's essays on persecution in the early Church. Much greater use has been made, too, of the valuable material embedded in the early Church Orders than in any book of the same size hitherto. Indeed it .is pleasant to see these odd but important documents treated in English with something of the respect which they deserve. The accounts both of Monasticism and of the Goths are rather better than those given in most books of this type.

When we take up a new book about Church History, the first and most pressing question that we ask is what is its general attitude. The tone of this one is stoutly orthodox and conservative.

On practically all important questions Dr. Wand, in spite of his wide knowledge and usually sympathetic statement of other views, appears to feel justified in retaining the traditional position. This emerges very clearly in his account of the evolution of doctrine, good examples being the Arian and Christological controversies, but in nothing more conspicuously than in his attitude towards the origins of the Sacraments and the beginnings of the Ministry. On this latter topic the reviewer would feel inclined to disagree no less heartily with the Archbishop than with the Provost of Queen's.

It is arguable; however, that a strongly traditional flavour is much more appropriate in a book of this character, which does not pretend to be more than a brief summary and which will. inevitably be used in the main by elementary students, than a seasoning of eccentric and tendencious views which would not be appreciated by the reader or would only reduce him to unprofitable confusion.

Here and there one can detect occasional evidences of hasty composition, and certain generalisations might have been more carefully expressed, but on the whole one must congratulate ¡ the Archbishop on producing a competent piece of work which bids fair to become in the near future the standard text-book of its size.

J.N.D.K .

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PRINCIPLES OF SHAKESPEARIAN PRODUCTION. By G. Wilson Knight.

Svo, pp. 236. London, Faber and Faber, IOS. 6d.

Shakespearian Criticism is among the more profitable and pleasant literary pursuits in that suggestions and hints can be supported in print by arguments which are less weighty with the reader than his perennial interest in the subject. The Shakespeare student may still profit by Bradley's analysis of' character,' though convinced that ' character ' is not the only, or even the best, means of dramatic analysis; and Professor vVilson Knight's book, which might claim affinities with the Granville-Barker tradition, has the quality of suggestiveness without the qualification of having justified a new point of view. 'I would blaze a trail,' he says, 'to no esoteric and stiff intellectualism, but to a proper projection of Shakespeare's synthesis of flexible detail with permanent architectonic, of varied human insight with universal meaning.'

So _long as he is outlining the production of particular plays Professor Wilson ,Knight succeeds admirably in blazing this trail of the well-disposed producer. He believes in simple settings : whenever he uses contrasts of level and colour he does so with a definitive purpose that would be immediately apparent to a receptive audience. He rightly deplores showy lighting as detracting from the central interest of the spoken word ; and as a corollary stresses careful sound effects, which he groups under the headings ' music ' and ' tempest.' He shows how careful placing and grouping can point a scene to show the full dramatic tension : intimately between two or three characters ; in a wider sense between groups of protagonists; and, lastly, in a more subjective sense between attitudes in a single heroic mind.

One of the best things in the book is his justification of these principles in a chapter on stage convention. ' You must be willing to use the whole stage frankly as a conventionally accepted medium. So often the producer tries to pretend things are not happening in a theatre ; whereas everyone knows they are. And it is just that that gives you your chance : for this knowledge is to be used, not fought against. Work with full recognition of the convention, and you can pack the universe into your theatre, and so give Shakespeare his appropriate setting.'

This innate soundness of the book carries the reader through much that is irritating and even incomprehensible. Why, for instance, should the presentation of a play in the manner suggested above be called ' spatializing its inner centrality '? Jn a passage that is meant to carry some weight we read : ' All great art forces the mind to understand the paradox of a rhythmic pulsing solidity t

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to blend spatial and temporal conceptions. It introduces us directly to that which is built of both and beyond both ; space-time ; or eternity. This is how Dante's great poem, explicitly projecting events in their eternal quality, has an exact, implicit analogy throughout Shakespeare.'

Click, click, says the style; and jumps you into an embarrassed assent.

It is difficult not to question the notion which underlies his interpretation of many of the plays, that Shakespearian production is the same kind of thing as Christian ritual; the notion, put into so many words in the Shakespearian Tempest, that 'whatever our private views on the New Testament and on Shakespeare, both are recording the same facts.'

This doubtful syncretism has no firmer foundation than a series of loose analogies. Shakespeare's heroes may be purgatorial Christian pilgrims i11 comparison with Marlowe's ambitious pagan materialists; and it would be strange if there were no explicit references ta Christianity in Shakespearian imagery and conception; but when the death of Cleopatra between Charmian and Iras is adduced as a Christian analogy, and the Cerimon and Thaisa episode in ' Pericles' reminds you of the raising of Lazarus, no good is done either to Christianity or the Drama. The Crucifixion becomes just another sacrificial event; and Tragedy must perforce blush under a borrowed pall. And even if it means losing an interpretation of ' Henry VIII ' as a Shakespearian masterpiece with a special message for England to-day, we must, if ~e can, spare her blushes.

P. H. ROGERS. ECHOES OF RESURRECTION AND BATHSHEBA (A Dramatic Poem). By F. Buchanan. pp. 68. London: Oxford University Press, 1936. 4s. 6d.

Mr. Buchanan's recent volume of religious poetry impresses the reader at once as being sincere in sentiment and vvholeheartedly evangelical in expression. In this book the Christian idea has become an ideology. In verse similar in style to some secular propagandist literature the author develops in detail the thesis that humanity can find a way out of the wilderness of the modern world only tllrough a renewed and applied Christian faith.

'Echoes of Resurrection,' his introductory poem, makes clear this merging of political, social, and economic problems in a single all-embracing issue. The despair of individual man has become the despair of civilization. To-day, it is true, the ' stagnant air' of the desert wakes to life at the blare of the trumpet and the brilli-

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ance of swastikas and red flags ; ' Hotsky,' the national hero, arises to destroy common woes by violence. . . . This is one solution And the way of revolution.

Yet a blight follows inevitably upon this glorification of the1 State and its human Leader. Hotsky can never be more than a parody and poor substitute for that One who is 'Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end.'

The closet-drama of ' Bathsheba,' which follows, provides a more complex variation upon the theme of wretched world and divine salvation. The immediate message seems to be twofold: Lhat of necessary expiation for sin, and of true freedom as consisting not in unbridled licence but in subjection to the law of God. The significance of the poem a,s a whole, however, is complicated by the employment of a symbolism in which the voice of Bathsheba is ,identified as the voice of the Natural Soul, and that of Uriah the Hittite as the voice of the Supernatural Soul. The author has apparently preferred not to emphasize the dramatic qualities of his story ; most of the speeches are frankly and eloquently didactic.

A third poem fills out the volume. Entitled 'Duty towards God,' it attacks the meaningless bustle and materialistic self-sufficiency of modern civilzation, pointing out its insecurity and closing with the glorification of a symbolic female character (Charity?

Christianity? the Church?) who shoulders the burden which alone can atone for the body's prosperity . . . .

Such a doctrine as Mr. Buchanan incorporates in his poems can hardly fail to find sympathetic reception on the part of many, especially at a time of national recall to religion. The Oxford Group has long held similar tenets. And simply as a piece of literature this volume contains much that will interest the reader. Doctrinaire verse we have with us always, but militantly Christian poetry is to-day a rarer thing.

S. R. DuNLAP. GOVERNMENT AND THE PRESS, 1695-1_763. By Laurence Hanson.

Imperial 8vo, pp. ix+ 149. Oxford University Press, 1936. 21s.

Mr. Hanson has contributed a thorough and interesting volume to the series of Oxford Books on Bibliography published and admirably printed by the Oxford University Press. Englishmen are rightly proud of the freedom of the Press, which is now one of a number of cherished privileges of our citizenship.

Mr. Hanson has enabled us to realise not only the nature and

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

HI

extent of that privilege as it existed at the beginning of the reign of George III, but also the very real interest of the struggle which took place in the hundred years which preceded that reign, and which followed the abolition of the Prerogative Courts in the middle of the seventeenth century. The printing press had been from the first, perhaps wisely, held to be as explosive and dangerous a force as its contemporary discovery, gunpowder. But by the time of Milton, arguments for a greater liberty of the Press began to outweigh the more obviou¡s reasons for a rigid Statecontrol of all printing . 'As good almost kill a man as kill a good book; he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself' are telling phrases, however they may seem to beg the question; and there is weight in l\tiilton's thesis that 'when complaints are freely heard, deeply considered, and speedily reformed, then is the utmost bound of civil liberty attained that wise men look for.' Much of the argument of John Locke in his 'Letter concerning Toleration' could be applied to the question of toleration by government of critical opinions in the Press . Gradually the men of this ' age of property' came to hold that the right to express reasonable opinions, like the rig ht to worship as he please, should be recogni sed as belong ing to every man. In these years the Common Law rather than the Royal Prerogative became the admitted bulwark of the State, and the strength of the Common Law seemed more and more adequate to deal with offences against the public interest arising from books and periodicals by ordinary process of prosecution for defama tion.

Mr. Hanson takes as his starting point the year 1695, when an attempt by the Government to get the Licensing Act, already suspended, reinforced had to give way before .the majority in the House of Commons.

The Act thus finally lapsed, but the fact that in each of the next seven years there was a bill in one or other of the Houses of Parliament to restrain the Press shows that opinion was still much divided on the question of censorship. But no bill was passed.

The greater freedom now allowed by the letter of the law did not mean that criticism of the Government was possible in the modern sense. ' Government,' in the words of Defoe, ' will not be jestedrwith nor reflected upon.'

The question to be decided by public opinion was whether the ruling body is the superior or servant of the public. In the seventeenth century the former was the recog nised view, while the latter view now generally accepted was only gathering in the eighteenth century.

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Censorship removed, indirect restraint was attempted. The Stamp Duty imposed on periodicals in 1712 was from time to time reinforced and the rate raiseq_in the reign of George II. But only a few periodicals of small merit were seriously affected. Nothing could muzzle the Tory Press, so the Government turned its, 1hand to the more positive method of a ' Government Press,' employed the most promising pens at liberal fees, persuaded more than one 'poacher to turn gamekeeper,' and circulated approved journals free to all parts of the country through the Post Office. Other dangerous wits were successfully bought off with Secret Service money. Guthrie and James Ralph found that 'silence was golden' at the tune of a pension of two or three hundred a ·year.

Mr. Hanson gives an interesting account of the use by the Secretary of State of warrants for arrest of persons accused of libellous publications. The expense of even temporary detention before discharge was a strong deterrent.

But again and again the Government must have experienced to its cost the truth of Bacon's dictum ' the punishing of wits enhances their authority.'

The confidence and lightness with which the author has handled a considerable body of material on an intricate subject should tempt his readers to make use of inviting footnotes and a useful bibliography of secondary and contemporary sources.

J.S.B.

JOYCE JEFFREYS OF HAM CASTLE, A 17th Century Business Gentlewoman. By the Rev. R. G. · Griffiths, M.A., F.S.A. Contributed to Th e Transactions of the Worcestershire A rchaeological Society, 1933-1935.

In three successive articles Mr. Griffiths has made an informative and entertaining contribution to the social history of the first half of the seventeenth century by his study of the Account Book left by Joyce Jeffreys, the unmarried da ughter of Henry Jeffreys of Ham Castle in the parish of Clifton-on-Teme. She began her 'New Account Book' on Lady Day, 1638, and k ept it until March, 1647. 'This Account Book,' as Mr. Griffiths justly claims, 'although replete with figures, is withal a yery human document, in which quaint spontaneous comments often appear, revealinfr the character of its writer and enlivening its bare entries.'· In his last article Mr. Griffiths evidences its value .for the detailed information that it g ives concerning the dress of a middle-class lady and her servants in the reign of Charles I, and prices then current.

A.B.E.

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93

SELECTIONS FROM JOHNSON. Edited by W. Vaughan Reynolds.

8vo, pp. xxxviii + 250. London, Ginn and Co. Ltd., n.d. zs . 6d.

In this well produced little Volume Mr. W. V. Reynolds has provided, primarily for use in schools, a representative selection of passages from the writings of Dr. Johnson. Mr. Reynolds is to be congratulated on the judgment and sense of proportion with which he has carried out a difficult task, for there is probably no Engiish author who is less amenable than Johnson to epitome. The limits of space allowed him have obliged Mr. Reynolds to work within very strict limits, and for this reason he has felt obliged to leave Johnson the lexicographer unrepresented. To have introduced a passage from. the Preface to the Dictionary would have necessitated the omission of other extracts essential for an appreciation of the fullness of Johnson's literary qualities. Mr. Reynolds has prefaced his selection with a well-designed introduction. It stimulates interest. Too often introductions to text-books of this kind are so artlessly packed with dull detail as to place the tentative reader on the worst possible terms with his author. Those whom this book brings to a first meeting with Johnson should feel, like Boswell, ' no little elation at having now so happily established an acquaintance' with him.

A.B.E. STONE'S HOSPITAL. By Strickland Gibson. Contributed to The Bodleian Quarterly Record, Vol. VIII, No. 88, pp. 133-35.

As one leaves Oxford by way of St. Clement's there stands on the right hand side a pedimented eighteenth century building having a double range of transomed windows. That is Stone's Hospital. On the pediment over the entrance there can be read this inscription : ' This Hospital for the poor and sick was founded by the Rev. Wil.l iam Stone, Principal of New Inn Hall, in hope of thy assistance, Anno Dom. 1700. ' These almshouses, which introduce a note of architectural distinction into an otherwise drab thoroughfare, owe their erection to the benefaction of a former member of the Hall.

At the present day this Hospital houses eight poor and aged womel). and is governed by a Board of six Visitors, consisting of the ÂĽ ice-Chancellor, the Master of University, the Provost of Queen's, the President of Trinity, and the two Professors of Divinity. Each Visitor in rotation has the right to recommend a person for admission. The muniments of the Hospital are preserved in the University Archives, and it is on that account that Mr. Strickland Gibson, in his capacity as Keeper of the Archives,

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has contributed an interesting article about the Hospital to The Bodleian Quarterly Record.

William Stone came up to. the Hall from Wimborne Grammar School, of which his father ~as the Head Master. According to Thomas Hearne, Dr. Mill, who was Principal of the Hall .\iÂľring the closing years of Stone's life, used to say, 'Now there are many men that think themselves fit, and would fain be archbishops of Canterbury, but I know no one so well qualified as Mr. Stone, tho' he think himself fit for no high station.' It is further recorded. of him that as an undergraduate he showed so great ability that he was ready to proceed to a degree some time before he was old enough to take the necessary oaths which in those days preceded graduation. On January 6, 1633, however, when he was still only eighteen years of age, he was permitted to take the degree of B.C.L.* A.B.E.

By J. L. N. O'Loughlin. Contributed to Medium /Evum, Vol. V, pp.

153-68, 1936.

In this article Mr . J. L. N. O' Loughlin makes available the results of his fruitful study of the text of the mid-fourteenth century romance M orte A rthure which is preserved in the unique Thornton MS. This important poem has received plenty of editorial attentio~, but, even so, Mr. O'Loughlin has been able to throw light on many dark passages.

A.B.E. THE MIDDLE ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE MORTE ARTHURE.

A History of the Church and .Parish of Southdown which the Rev . C. A. Plaxton has joined with Mr. C. W. Pugh in producing for the benefit of his parishioners and the visitors to his church presents in handy form a readable accoul'l:t of this Wiltshire church.

Careful contributions like this to parochial history, small though they may be in compass, are much to be commended.

A.B.E.

The leading articles in The Times Literary Supplement are anonymous, but, for the sake of subsequent bibliographers, it may perhaps be permitted to rec0rd that the leading article entitled 'The Imagery of Shakespeare, Dr. Clemen and Walter \\{J;ijter' in the Supplement for September 5 was written by Mr. J. L. N. O'Loughlin. *An interesting biographical article under the title ' A Dorset Worthy, William Stone, Royalist and Divine (1615-1685),' was contributed by the Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher (brother of a former member of the Hall, the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher) to The Proceedings of the DMset Natural History and Antiq¡u arian Field Club, Vol. XXXVI , 1915.

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95

DEGREES Febni ~ry 29, 1936.

B. A .: T. A. Littleton, I. L. Serraillier.

M.A .. : J. B. Allan.

April 30

M .A. : Rev . S . A. C. Dickins, Rev. J. N. D,

Kelly.

June 6

M.A.: R. Waye.

July 18

B.A.: J. H. Boothroyd .

B.Litt . : C. P. R. Clarke, M. G. Robinson.

M ..4.: C. P.R. Clarke.

August

1

...

B ..4.: J. C. Adamson, T. E. M. Ashton, R. A. Cruse, F. W. Dawson, F. L. W. Eade, \V. L. Gutch, M. F. Jerrom, F. Martin, J . F. Martin, L. T. Podmore, R. C. Poston, K. R. Prebble, J . N. Shaw, G. R. Shield, E. F. A. Suttle, A. M. Urquhart.

M.A.: W . F. Cummings, J. R. Haystoc, M. F. Jerrom, E. Urry.

B.A.: R. 0. Barritt, A. J . Beck, K. Brooksbank, R. Byrom, C. A. J. Cox, E . F. Foxton, F. H . Frankcom, A. J. Healey, D . G. T. Hicks, T. R. Jackson, P. G. Langhorne, J. Lee, P. H. G. Newhouse, J. Park, R. G. Pusey, J. C. C. Shapland, M. Wall, B. W. Whitlow.

M.A.: H. Cloke, H.K. Pusey, Rev. F. S.W. Simpson, S. W. E. Taylor.

October 15

November

21

December

12

B.A . : R. C . Hastie-Smith, H. R . Thomas.

B.C.L.: E. Rawlinson.

1'1.A.: C. W. Boothroyd, S. D. Mangan ; E. Rawlinson, B. Seton, J. H. Tyzack.

B.A.: G. A. Forrest.

G. S. Bessey, A. B. Codling, Rev. W.W. S. March, J.P. Thorp.

M.A.:

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MATRICULATIONS MICHAELMAS TERM. Exhibitioners .

Lee, Arnold John (Clifton College).

Pope, Herbert Edward (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham).

Preston, Martin Sansome (Marlborough College).

Rylands, Robert Randal (Adams' Grammar School, Newport, Salop).

Commoners.

Allen, David Whatoff (Merchant Taylors' School).

Beales, Hubert Beaupre Day (St. Edward's School).

Boyd, Martin Henry Alec (Marlborough College).

Brown, Vance Charles Hornidge (Witwatersrand University}.

Carruthers, George (Nelson SchooJ, Wigton).

Crozier, Edward Geoffrey McClintock (Lancing College).

Cuff, Thomas Robert Hugh (Bloxham School).

Dashwood, John Stuart Michael (St. Edward's School).

Dittmer, Michael William (St. Edward's School).

Donnison, James Oldaker (Brighton College).

Durham, Hugh Richard (Merchant Taylors' SchooJJ Crosby).

East, Gerald Reginald Ricketts (Peter Symonds' School, Winchester).

Eastwood, Arthur Christopher John (Bloxham School).

Edinger, John Harrison (St. Edmund's School, Canterbury).

Hadden, John Henry Palk (St. Edward's School) .

Hardyman, James (Bishop's St?rtford College).

Hinson, Edward Clifton (Stamford School) .

Hoffman, Stanley Harold (Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe).

Holmes, Douglas John (King Edward VI School, Stafford).

Howarth, Michael John (Denstone College) .

Hutton-Wilson, Philip 1,'ill'.!o,thy Guy (Sedbergh School).

Jellard, Charles Heriot 1(St. Edward's School) . . Jennings, Henry Allan (Hamond's Grammar School, Swaffham).

Kempston, Desmond Noel Fletcher (St. Bees' School).

Kennedy, David Charles (St. Edward's School).

Lyall, James (Magdalen College School).

Mayne, Jonathan Humphrey (Trinity College, Glenalmond).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

91

Micklem, Thomas Esmond Romilly (Mill Hill School) .

Millard Bishop, Keith (Ryde Grammar School).

Monie, Neil Edward (Lancing College).

Moor, David Drury (Marlborough College).

Morgan, Denis Spencer (Bloxham School).

Peskett, Stan1ey Victor (Whitgift School).

Quentin, Cecil Robert Burnet (Lancing College).

Raynor, Robert Ernest (University College, Leicester).

Rideout,* .John Granville (Colby College, Waterville, Maine).

Robins, John Maurice Usher (Leighton Park School).

Rogers, Bruce Arthur (Brentwood School).

Shipwright, Jack (King Edward VI School, Southampton).

Slemeck, Arthur Geoffrey (St. Edward's School).

Strachan, Norman James (Bishop's Stortford College).

Thomas , Graham Lloyd (Hitchin Grammar School).

Thompson, Gerald Harvey (Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby).

Tothill, Geoffrey Stephen (Eastbourne College).

Wace, Anthony Charles (Shrewsbury School). vVynne, John Sidney (St. Edward's School).

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND This Fund was instituted in ·1929 on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Dr. Liddon (Vice-Principal, 1859-62). The object of the Fund is to provide Exhibitions for the assistance ot candidates for ordination entering the Hall. So far the sum of £1,000 has been invested. It is hoped that ti1is endowment may be gradu•a lly augmented so that the number of Exhibitions may be increased. We very gratefully acknowledge the additional contributions that have been received during this year.

Total brought forward since last investment Mrs. T . K. Allen (sixth donation) The Rev. Canon W. S. Gardner (seventh donation) St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory ...

St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertory (Reunion, 1936) The Exors. of Rev. F. G. Croom

*Rhodes Scholar.

£

s . d.

56 18 5 0 5 2

I I

0

0 0 10 0

100

10 o

0 o

£170

II

5

2

98

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

AULARIAN ASSOCIATION RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT for the year ending June 30, 1936.

RECEIPTS.

Subscriptions to June 30, 1935: Membership . ..

Magazine Activities Fund Sub.scriptions to June 30, 1936: Membership ...

Magazine Activities Fund

£

s. d.

292 17 3 II 9 2 19 9 6 204 8 0 14 I 8 25 8 2

£

s. d.

323 15

II

243 17 10 £567 13 9

PAYMENTS.

Aularian Exhibition Fund Henley Regatta Magazine Account Aularian Directory Copies of portraits of Bishop Robinson and Dr. Mill and framing Printing and Stationery Postages ...

Subscriptions Refunded Collecting Foreign Draft Balance to be carried forward

£ s. d.

75 0 0 100 0 0 II 9 2 25 19 0 48 10 0 10 14 6 4 15 0 2 5 0 2 0 288 19 £567 13 9

AULARIAN EXHIBITION FUND. RECEIPTS.

Balance brought forward Aularian Association Bank Interest

£ s. d.

16o 3 8 75

0

0

2

13

0

£237 16 8 PAYMENTS.

Exhibitions Balance to be carried forward .- ..

£

s. d.

0 0 137 16 8 JOO

£237 16 8 Examined and found correct.

H. C. INGLE, Hon. Auditor.

JOHN B. ALLAN, Hon. Treasurer.