St Edmund Hall Magazine 1937-38

St. Edmund Hall Magazine

1937

OXFORD THE HOLYWELL PRESS, ALFRED STREET

----------------------

ST. EDMUND HALL, 1937.

KEY TO HALL GROUP , 1937.

Th e 11amcs are give n front left to ·rig ht as viewed by the reader.

Ba cli Row.-A. G. Slemeck, D. W. Al len , J. 0. Donni son, J. Lyall, M. S . Pres ton, J. H. P. Hadden, D . C. K.e nnedy, J. H. Mayn e.

M. H. A. Boyd , A. J. L ee , J. S. Wynn e, D. N . F . Kernps,ton, G. Carruthers, A. C. J. E astwood, B. A. R ogers, P. T. G . Hutton\Nilson, R. R. Ryland s, D. S. Morga n, M. W. Dittmer , R. E. R ay nor.

Sixth Row. - J. S. M. Dashwoocl, D. E. Newell, E. M. C arpen ter, W. H. H. \!Vaterli eld, H. l{. Durham, H . A. J en nings, S. H . Hoffman,

E. C. Hinson, T. R. H. Cuff, H. C . Ma rston, N . G. Strachan , M. J. Howarlh, J. H. Edinger, j. M. U. Robin s, A. R. Clark.

P. A. H. Farra nt, M. J. F ors ter , S. R. Dun lap , A. F. Finch, J. \IV. King.

J. McMann ers, J. D. Carr, E. M . R oberls, R. M . .-\.. L awson, A. M. R eid, R. A. Cooper, G. R. R. Eas t, .-\. H old en, G. H. Thompson , D. R. Wi lkin so n, R. G. Strong, .-\. C. \ Vace, T. E. R. Mi ck lern, M. J. Mort imer , J. Lyth , G. W or th .

Fifth Row. - G . A. H. Rainbow, G. LI. Th omas,

F ourth Row .- T. K. Hoey, R. L. 'Sh a rp, J.B. Squire,!\. C. J enkinson, F. R. Mountain , j. Plant, J. G. Rideout , R. E. L yth, F. R. Rawes, R. Bagna ll, B. R. Coates, H. T. Shergold, L. I. Stowe , D. D. Moor, C. L. Ward, J. M. Sowerby , E. F. Foxton , P. G. Lan ghorne_

Third Row.-] . .-\. Brertt, M. C . English, W. J. H. Liversidgc, J.P. B urrough, D. M. Thoma s, G. M. Burnett, !\. R. Duncan Jones, vV . H. Huntington, J. P a rk, J. ]. D. !\ . P. M. Quinn, 0. T. Brown, D. M. M. Carey, D. J. H olmes, E. P. M. Elliott, E . C. Whitak er , K. Brooksbank, R. Byrom, J. E. Ruth erford, J. W. Do wding, C. de N. Hill, D. H . C libborn, P. Woodhou se Smi th .

Se cond Row.- H. T a berne1·, W . S. Mil ls, J. ·c, Cain, E . L. Wright, B. vV. -Whitlow, Mr. G. D. Ram say, Dr. H . J. Hunt, The R ev.

J. S . Bre wi s (Vice-Principal), 13. W. Cave-Brown-Cave (P·resid1! nt of J.C./?.) , Mr. !\. B. F.mden (P·r incipal ), Mr. C. R. Brewis , The R ev. R . F. W . Fl etch er, The R ev. J. N. D. K elly, Dr. H. M. N. }-I. I rving , J. L. Pinniger, W. E. Alderson, A. ]. Healey, E. G. Curt is.

Front How .- D. \i. Olrton, P. N . Le Mesuri er, N . E. Monie, H. E. Pope, E.W. H <orri son, vV. A. W. J a rvis , D . T. N. J a mes, C.R. B Quentin, J. Hardyman, J~. Li ster, F. B. Wood, K. W. M. Chri stopher, J. Sh ip wright, G. S. Toth ill , J. Vv. Hurford, H. Eyre.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. Vol. IV, No.

DECEMBER, 1937.

2.

EDITORS. 1937-38. A. vV. vV. VVATSON, Editor.

A. C. 'iVACE, Assistant Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF THE PRINCIPAL.

PORTRAIT of the Principal, painted by Mr. F. vV. Elwell, A.R.A., was presented to him by the Bishop of Carlisle on the evening of the Annual Reunion, J1E1e: 22. A record of .the names of two hundred and twenty-six graduate members of the Hall who joined in the presentation was also handed to him, written in a vellum-bound book by Mrs. S. L. Ollard. An account of the proceedings will be found elsewhere in the Afagazine.

The Principal has been appointed a Visitor of the Ashmolean Museum. H~ has also accepted the invitation of the Headmaster and the Staff of Cheltenham College to become one of their representatives on the Council of the College.

A

OF THE VICE-PRINCIPAL.

It became known at the beginning of the year that the VicePrincipal, the Rev.]. S. Brewis, had been appointed Principal of St. Chad's College, Durham, in succession to the Rev. Dr. Moulsdale, the first Principal of the College. The Hall enjoyed a respite until the end of Trinity Term before the Vice-Principal took his departure. His going has evoked expressions of keen reg1'et, both individual and collective, from those Aularians who have known him. During the eight years of his Vice-Principalship he has closely identified himself at all points with the life of the Hall. Most painstaking in counsel and instruction, he has won the enduring regard

2

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

- ----~ - ------~ ·

of all \vho have been brought into contact with him. \i\Te welcome this opportunity of adding to the grateful tributes which he has already received and of wishing him happiness and success in his new appointment. \i\T e extend our very cordial felicitations to the Rev. J. N. D. Keliy, Chaplain and Tutor of the Hall, who has been appointed to succeed him as Vice-Principal. vVithin the comparatively short space of two years no one could have entered more whole-heartedly into all our efforts and enthusiasms than he has clone. The Bishop of Southwell has appointed the Vice-Pripcipal to be one of his Examining Chaplains. Mr. Kelly preached the Latin Sermon at St. Mary's on Sunday, January lJ.

OF THE TUTORSHIP I?\ MODERN HISTORY.

Mr. G. D. Ramsay, M.A., vVorcester College, has been appointed Tutor of the Hall in Modern History to fill the tutorial v~1cancy caused by the departure of the Rev. J. S. Brewis. Mr. Ramsay came up to Worcester College from Rossall in Michaelmas Term, 1928, and obtained a ' First ' in the Honour School of Modern History in 1931. He was awarded the Gladstone Memorial Prize in 1932, the Bryce Research Studentship in History in 1933, and the George Vv ebb Medley Senior Scholarship for Political Economy in 1936. As he was working in Oxford during Trinity Term, he was able to take a few pupils from the Hall; but he did not come into resiclei1ce as Tutor until the beg·inning of Michaelmas Term.

We very cordially reiterate here the welcome that his advent apud A u1arcs has already received.

OF OTHER APPOINTMENTS.

The congratulations of the Hall are clue to Mr. E. H. Leach, Lecturer of the Hall in Physiology, on his appointment as Hulme Lecturer in Physiology at Brasenose. Mr. Leach will still continue to be a Lecturer of the Hall.

The Rev. H. Saunders, Chaplain of St. Stephen's House, has been appointed to act as Assistant Chaplain of the Hall in addition to his Chaplaincy at St. Stephen's House. Mr. Saunders graduated from King's College, London, as B.D. in 1934. He came up to.

St. Stephen's House to read for ordination, and at the same time, as a member of ·st. Catherine's Society, read for the Honour School of Theology, obtaining a ' Second' in 1936. He was. ordained deacon the same year by the Bishop of Oxford.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

3

DE VrcE-PRINCIPALE EMEruro.

All Aularians who knew him as Vice-Principal will most cordia\ly welcome the appointment of the Rev. Canon Leonard Hodgson to be Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology and Canon of Christ Church in succession to the Right Rev. Dr. K. E. Kirk, Bishop of Oxford. Since his return from New York, where he was for six years Professor of Christian Apologetics, at the General Theological Seminary , he has been a Canon Resident~ary of Winchester . T he success of the recent important 't\Torld Conference on Faith and Order at Edinburgh owed not a little to his careful preparatory work as General Secretary.

OF

CONGRATULATIONS.

The congratulations of the H a ll are also due: To S. R. Dunlap on proceeding to the Degree of B.Litt.

To E. F. A. Suttle on proceed ing to the Degree of B.Mus. To G. J. P. Courtney and L. I. Stowe on being placed in the F irst Class in the Final Honour School of Modern Languages (French).

To D. V. Orton on obtaining' Distinction' in the Fina l Examination of the School of Agriculture.

To all other members of the H a ll who ab examinatoribus honore digni sunt habiti, especially to the follo>ving, who were pl aced in the Second Class in their respective Honour Schools .: H. Eyre (Hon. Classical Mods.) ; W. E. Alderson and J. L. Pinniger (Physiology); A. C. Bailey, W. H . Mitchell and A. P. L. Slater (Eng lish Language and Literature); B. R. Coates, H. G. Dawber, R. D. English, F. R. Rawes, H. T. Shergold and E. L . Wright (Modern Languages); J. C. Cain and M. C. English (Modern Hi story) ; 0. T. Brown, M. J. D. Carmichael and J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn (Literae Humaniores).

To D. H. Clibborn, A. Ho lden and W. H. Huntington on being awarded Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarships in French; and to R. Lister on being awarded a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in German.

To J. L. Pinniger on being awarded an Open University Scholarship at St. Thomas' Hospital.

To G. R . R. East on being awarded a Goldsmiths' Company's Exhibition in French.

To A. T. de B. Wilmot on being a ppointed to a Cadetship in the Tropical African Administrative Service.

4

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

To J. P. Burrough on being awarded his Blue, on rowing '5' the Boat Race ag路ainst C:;imbridge, on being invited to . row for L eander at H enley and for the I sis crew in Germany, and on again rowing in the Trial Eights . . ' To G. J.P. Merifield on being awarded his Blue ~s Cox the University c rew , on his skilful cox ing in the Boat. Race , on being invited to cox the Leander crew at Henley and the Isis crew in Germa ny, and on again coxing in the Trial Eights.

T o J. A . Brett on his captaincy of the O.U. Rugby Football Club, on playing for the University for th e third time against Cambridge, an d on the splendid victory won at Twickenham路.

To R. A. Coop er on being awa rded his Blue f~r Rt;gby. F6otball, and on playing for the University against Cambridge.

To H. H. Pennington on being awarded his Blue for Rugby .

Football, on playing for the University against Cam bridge, and on being elected to the Greyhounds in his first term .

To N . E. Monie on being awarded his Half-Blue for Swimming, oh representing the University in the match agai nst Cambridge, and on breaking the record for the 200 Yard s Breast Stroke. 路 To H. G. Dawber on being awa rded hi s Half-Blue for Lacrosse and on playing for the University against Cambridge.

To H. V. James on representing the University at Jiu-Jitsu in the match against Cambridge.

To J . Lee on playing for th e Engli sh Universities .in the match against the German Universities.

To A. G . Slemeck on rowing in the Trial Eights.

To A. T . .de B. Wilmot on being elected to tb e Occasionals and on playing Hockey for the University . .

To E. C. C. \i\Tynter on boxin g heavyweight for the University.

To \ i\T. J. H. Liversidge on reaching the Fincil of the New College Open Sculls.

To J. S . M . Dashwood, D . M. M . Carey and W . J. H . Liversidge on rowing in the Junior Trial Eights.

To R . A. Cooper, R. M. A. Lawson and D. N. I'. Kempston on being elected to the Authentics .

T o D. N. F . K empston on being elected to the Greyhounds.

To the Fi rst Torpid (J. S . 1\1. Dashwoocl, strohe; A. G. Slemeck, 7; G. A. H. Rainbow, 6; D . M. M. Carey, 5; R. E. Lyth, 4; P . A. H. F a rra nt, 3; C. de N. Hill, z; E. L . Wright; bow; J. McG. Sowerby , cox.) a nd their two coach es , W: J. : H : Li:versiclge and Mr. C. P. Sherwood, on their regaining the pos ition of third in the F irst Division, the highest yet r eached by the H all路 :Boat Club in Torpids.

111

of

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

5

· To~the .S econd Eight (B. A. Rogers, stroke; P.A. H. Farrant , 7;A. R.Clark, 6; J. Lyall, 5; G. A. H. Rainbow, 4; P. Woodhouse Smith, 3; A. C. Jenkinson, 2; A. J. Lee, bow; A. C. Wace, cox.) and their coach, Mr. C. P. Sherwood, on bumping Queen's II, University II, Keble II, Trinity II, Exeter II and New College III. To the Eight entered for the Medley Regatta (D. M. M. Carey, stroke; J . Lyall, 7; A. R. Clark, 6; G. Worth, 5; C. H. Jellard, 4; P. Woodhouse Smith, 3; C. de N. Hill, 2; M. H. A. Boyd, bow; A. C. W ace, cox.) •a nd\!\/. J. H. Liversidge, their coach, on winning the Pazolt Cup .

..

OF

EXHIBITIONS.

An Examination, beginning on Tuesday, March 16, was held for the purpose of awarding one Exhibition in English Literature and two Exhibitions in Modern Languages, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : H . K. Girling·, Heaton Secondary School, N ewcastle-u.p onT yne (English).

L. D. A. Baron, Bryanston School (French).

D . Erskine, Hulme Grammar School, Manchester (French a nd German).

An Examination, beginning on Tuesday, March 23, was held for · the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics and Modern H istory, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : E. L. ?vioor, \i\/igan Grammar School (Classics).

K. A. Gourlay, Henry Mellish County School, Beeston (History).

W. M. Pitt , St. Edward's School, Oxford (History).

An Examination, beginning on vVednesday, April 21, was held for the . purpose of awarding an Organ Exhibition, of the annual value ·at £35. As a result of this Examination the following election was made : N. Bartleet, Alderman Newton's School, Leicester.

Exhibition Examinations in 1938 will be held as follo w s: On Tu esday, March 15, and the two following days for the purpqse o f awarding one Exhibition in English Literature, a nd two Exhibition s in Modern Languages (French wi.t h one other language, German, Spanish, or Russian; or French only), each of the annual valu e of £40 .

6

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

On Tuesday, March 22, for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the annual value

of £+o.

OF

THE SCHOOLS.

1937· Jn Schola. Literciriim Graecaru:rn et Latina.rum : Class II, H . Eyre; Class III, P. Woodhouse Smith.

HILARY T1;;RM,

TRINITY TERM.

In Scientia Na.turali: In Physiologia !lnimalium: Class II, W. E. Alderson, J. L. Pinniger; Class IV, K. R. W. Miller, M. J. Mortim er. In Chernia: Pai't I, E. G. Curtis.

I n Sacra Theologia: Cla.ss III , E. M. Roberts .

In Literis Anglicis: Class II, A. C . Bailey, w ~ H. Mitchell, A . P. L. Slater; Class III, J. P. Burrough, R. J. Lund, J. C. Stephenson, A. T. de B. Wilmot.

In Jiirisprudentia: Class III, G. M. Burnett, F. R. Mountain .

In Literis Modernis: Class I, G. J. P. Courtney*, L. I. Stowe-r.·; Class II, B. R. Coates {Fr. and Gr.), H. G. Dawber (Fr.), R. D. English {Fr.), F. R. Rawes (Fr. and Gr.), H. T. Shergold (Gr. and Fr.), E. L. ·w right {Fr. m1cl Gr.); Class III , J. B. Harvey (Fr.), D. R. Tassel! (Fr.).

In S chold Philosophiae, Politicae, et Oeconomiae: Cl.ass IV , B. F. A. Geoghegan.

In Historia Nloderna: Class II, J. C. Cain, M. C. English; Class III, R. Bagnall, J. D. Carr, VIT. J. H. Liversidge; Class IV, G. A . Hughes, D. M. Thomas.

In Literis H urnanioribus : Clas s II, 0. T. Brown, M. J. D . Carmichael, J. J. D . A. P. M. Quinn.

In Schola Oeconorniae Ru-sticae: D. V. Orton (with distinction).

Diploma in Theo logy: B. W. 'i\Thitlow.

Exami'.nation in the Theo1'y, History and Pmctic e of Education: Parts I and II, A. J. Beck, K. Brooksbank, R. Byrom, C. A. J. Cox, E. F. Foxton, A. J. H ealey, T. R. Jackson, P. G. Langhorne, J. Park, R. E. Raynor; Part II, P. H. G. Newhouse.

First Examination for the D egree of B.Mus .: F. H . Trott. .

Exarninatoribus Satisfecerunt: Group A. 3, P. N. le Mesurier; Grotip B.1, A. M. Reid; Groiip B.2, J. Rashl eigh; Group D, A. R. Duncan-Jones, J. Pla nt. *With distinction in the colloquial use of French .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZ I NE

7

MICHAELMAS TE:RM .

Exarninatoribus Satisfecerunt: Grou.pA.3, R.E.Lyth; G·roup B .6, A . R. Duncan-] ones, J. du M. Kenyon, J. Rashleigh, A . M. R eid ; Group D, P . N . le Mesurier .

OF HIGHER DEGREES .

S. R. Dunlap, h aving submitted a thesis on ' The Vernacular Writings of King James V I and I ' for the degree of B. Litt. , satisfied th e E xaminers appointed by the Board of the F·a culty of English Language and Literature .

E . F. A . Suttle, B.A ., having submitted exercises for the Degree of B. Mus., has satisfied the Examiners appo inted by the Board of Studies for Music.

OF NEW STATUTES.

On February 23, the Principal moved in Cong-regation the preamble of two Statutes touching the Hall, the one g iving effect to the generous decision of the Queen 's College to surrender its freehold of the site and buildings of the Hall, the other ei:nbodying the terms of a revised constitution. Exception was taken by Mr. H. M. Last , Camden Professor of Anci ent History, to the larger m easure of autocracy which would still be reserved to th e Principal under the new co~1stitution as compared with the authority ordinarily enjoyed by the H ead of a House under the statutes of a College.

Professor Last gave potice, as University procedure requires, of his intention of offering opposition when the Statutes came before Congregation for approval jn a fortnight's time. In introducing the Statutes to Congreg ation the P r incipal had pointed out the difficulty that he had experienced in deciding how far to approximate the constitution of the Hall in respect of the Principal's powers to that of a College, and explained that, while he was anxious to modify the traditional autocracy of his office, he did not want to do so to the extent of obliterating altogether the historic features which differentiated a Hall from a Colleg·e . In view of Professor Last' s notice of opposition, t he Principa l decided to meet the criticism that had been raised rather than to court a division i'n Congregation and a controversy on the subject of the powers attaching to the Principal' s office. After fr iendly discussion, modifications were agreed upon between the Principal and Professor Last, and amendmen ts incorporating these modifications, rnoved by the Principal and seconded by Professor Last, were approved by Congregation on March g . The Stat utes as amended

s

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

were finally passed by Congregation on May 4. They received the approval of His Majesty the King in Council on December 21..

DE ALMA UNIVERSITATE.

In 1934 by a decree of Congregation the University renewed for two years the subvention of £500 a year which the Hall has received in one form or another since 1920. This year on January 28 a decree was passed by Congregation ' that subject to the number of undergraduates in residence at St. Edmund Hall not exceeding 150 the Curators of the University Chest be authorised (i) to pay the Principal of St. Edmund Hall for the g·eneral purposes of the Hall the following sums : £506 111 the year ending 31 July, 1937 £'400 ,, ,, )) 1938 £JOO £zoo £ 100

" ,,

" 1,

,,

,,

,,

1939 1940 1941

(ii) to remit further payment of interest on the loan to the Trustees of St. Edmund Hall authorised by Decree (7) of 14 November, 1933.'

The Hall has good reason to be grateful to the University for this further continuance of its generosity towards the Hall. But it will be noted that the assistance which the Hall has been receiving from the University has been renewed for the last time and in the form of a tailing-off grant, and that it has been made subject to the number of undergraduates in residence at the Hall not exceeding 150. There can be no disguising the fact that the form which this decree has taken reflects a conviction that has arisen in certain Colleges that the Hall has grown in numbers and reputation at their expense. As a matter of fact, the Ha]! has managed to make the progress that it has made in recent years on an income of £4,ooo a year less than that of the poorest College. It is clear that for the future the Hall must fend for itself and make strenuous efforts to obtain the measure of endowment that it needs if it is to hold its own in a University of endowed Colleges.

OF HALL RECORDS.

It has become !almost customary for a member or members of the Hall each year to make some new record for the Hall. This year has proved no exception. The marked success of the Hall in Modern Language studies during recent years has been notably

ST. :EDI\1UND HALL i\IAGAZ INE

9

enhanced . Two Firsts in the Final School, four awards and one proxime acce ssit in the examination for the H eath Harrison Travelling Scholarships, and one Goldsmiths' Company's Exhibition in French constitute the best achievement won by any College in Modern Lang·uages this year. Never before has the Hall had three of its members, including the Captain, take the field against Cambridge at Twickenham. Never before has the Hall had two of its members in the University Crew. Their timely inclusion, it should be noted in passing, happily substantiated the prophecy with which the Principal has consoled pessimists in recent years, that the succession of Cambridge victories would be broken just so soon as there was a Hall man in the Oxford boat. Never before, to resume our paean, has the Hall been represented in the L eander crew at Henley, and never before have three members of the Hall 1 Boat Club taken part in Trial Eights . Our redoubled congratulations to all concerned.

OF THREE BEQUESTS.

Under the will of the late Professor E. B. Elliott, M.A., F.R.S., Hon. F ellow of the Queen's College, the Hall has received the munificent benefaction of £5,ooo as a contribution to the capital fund of the Hall. Professor Elliott, who died on July 2 l at the age of eighty-six, cam e up to Magdalen from Magdalen College School as a D erny in 1870, was elected a F ellow of the Queen's College in 1874, was appointed Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics and Fello\v of Magdalen in 1892, which post he held with distinction for thirty years, retiring with the title of Professor Emeritus in 1922. The benefaction w ith which Professor Elliott has enriched the Hall most nobly commemorates the cordial interest w hich he and Mrs . E lliott constantly expressed in its welfare and progress.

The Professor was for several years a member of the St. Edmund Hall Committee of the Hebdomadal Council; and as a member of that Committee and of the Council h e proved himself a stedfast friend and advocate of the Hall. A memoir of Professor Elliott, written by Mr. C . H . Thompson, F ell ow of the Queen's College , and for many years Lecturer of the Hall in Mathematics, will be found later in the J\!Iagazine .

A b equest of £1,500 has been made to the H a ll for the provision of scholarships or exhibitions or for the extension of its site and buildings under the will of Mrs. Mary Markendale, of Boston Spa, Yorkshire, who died on July 12. This bequest is subject to the life in terest of her surviving sister . The benefactress who has

10

ST. EDMUND HALL l\JAGAZINE

made this most generous bequest is a daughter of the R ev. Edwin Bittleston, M.A., who matric ulated as a member of the Hall in 1841, and was subsequently Vicar of South Stainley, Yorkshire.

Her sister, Miss Emily Bittleston, who died in 1931, bequeathed a sum of £500 to the Hall for the same purpose.

The late Provost of Queen's, the Rev. Canon B. H. Streeter, whose untimely death in an aeroplane accident in Switzerland during the Long Vacation came as a grievous shock to a worldwide circle of friends and admirers, be queathed to the Hall the residue of the theological, philosophical and psychological books in his library after the Queen's College and St. Hugh's College had selected any that they wanted for their libraries. This bequest has resulted in a valuable accession of about one hundred aqd forty volumes to the Library of the Hall, whereby th e theological section has been greatly strengthened . In addition, the sum of £14, which was realised by the sale of unwanted volumes, has been invested so as to form the nucleus of a fun d to b e known as the Burnett Hillman Streeter Fund, the interest on which will be applicable for the purchase of books relating to theology, philosophy or psychology. This Fund will serve to perpetu ate within the Hall the memory of a ve ry lovable and distinguished schola1-, who , as Provost of Queen 's, proved.himself a magnanimous fr iend of the Hall by the influential support that he gave to its fin a l emanc ipa tion from the ties connecting it w ith hi s College.

OF A BENEFACTORS' CUP.

The Principal has presented to the H a ll a silver-gilt cup of unusual desig n, to be known as t he Benefac tors' Cup. The cup is a fin e replica of an ornamental wine-cup of the reign of J a mes I. The sides of t he hexagonal bowl are engraved with swags of fruit and flowers, and the columnar stem ori which the bowl rests is decorated with medallions on which the names of eminent benefactors of the H a ll will be inscribed. The first name to b e inscribed is that of t he late Professor E. B. Elliott.

OF GIFT'S.

The best thanks of the Hall a re due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall ·during the year :To the Principal of St. Chad's College, Durham (Vi ce-Principal 1929-37) for his parting gift of a silver ox-eyed cup.

To the late Mrs. alter Emden for a handsome two-handled silver cup and cover for th e use of Principals of the Hall.

'i\T

OXFORI>

S U ~ I MER

Dl\"ERSIO!\ S.

K yd 's "/"he Sfw11ish Trn g .·die being vnnc tcd in th e Qu<1drangk, Jul y 29 .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

11

To Dr. W. Ludford Freeman, sometime Director of Education for the City of Bristol, for his generous g ift of about sixty volumes on educational subjects.

To Mr. and Mrs. H. Hayes for a further gift of the sum of five pounds for the purchase of classical books in memory of their son, H enry Trevor Hayes.

To Mr . G. B. Barner for his gift of £10 for the benefit of the Hall Moot Club.

To the Rev. L. H. Coles for his gift of a copy of Vascari's Life of F-ra Angelico, published by the Arundel Society.

OF 1HE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION.

The Aularian Association has once again by a generous g ift of £100 enabled the Hall to enter an Eight for the Ladies' Plate at Henley Regatta. The Association has also made grants for the support of the two funds that it has instituted, the one for providing Exhibitions for the sons of Old Members entering the Hall, the other for maintaining an Exhibition in Modern Languages.

OF OLD MEMBERS' MATCHES.

Once agam this year a Tennis VI a nd a Hockey XI of Old Members have played matches against the Hall. vVe cordially applaud the initiative of Mr. C. Lummis and Mr. T. G. C. Woodford in arranging these welcome fixtures. The Old Members' Tennis VI w:a s composed of Mr. I. A. N. Besley, Mr. NI. R. Brown, Mr. G. E. Janson-Smith, Dr. A. P . Kingsley, Mr. C. Lummis and lVIr. B. B. Ward. The Old Members and quasi-Old Members who • played Hockey in the match against the Hall were the Rev. A . D. Browne, Mr. C. W. Boothroyd, Mr. J. Boothroyd, M;r. M. J D. Carmichael, Mr.]. Fletcher Cooke, Mr. H. K. Pusey, Mr. F. R. Rawes and Mr. T. G. C. Woodford.

OF Ox FORD SUMMER DIVERSIONS .

During the last week in July the Poet Laureate, Mr. John Masefield, and Mr. Nevill Coghill, Fellow of Exeter College, arranged for the first time an Oxford festival of drama and verse-speaking .

By permission of the Principal, the Quadrangle of the Hall was used for the production of these Summe r Div'ersions. A tier of seats for the audience was erected on the nearer half of the lawn while the further half formed the stage. As may well be imag ined: the Quadrangle provided an admirable setting. On the evening of

12

ST. EDMUND HALL l\'IAGAZIN.E

--- -------~

July 28 and the afternoon of July 29 Thomas Kyd's The Spanish T1¡agedie was enacted. The performance of B. W. Cave-BrowneCave, the only member of the Hall in the cast , ,as Hieronimo, received very 'favourable criticism . The evening of the 29th was devoted to verse-speaking and new plays. The programme opened with a short address by Mr. W . H. Auden, followed by a recitation of some of his poems. A recitation of Mr. T. S. Eliot's poem, Ash Wednesday, came next; then a performance of Devil's Dyke, a dramatic poem, which was produced by its author, Mr.,Christopher Hassall . A Macedonian Folk Play, The Cow that Spoh e, with gay peasant costumes, lighted candles and dancing, brought the proceedings cheerfully to a close.

OF THE HALL B ARGE .

It is not the practice of the Magazine to make forecas ts, but for the convenience of Aularians as much as for their information it may be predicted that those Aularians who pay a visit to the river during Eights Week will find that the Hall Boat Club has given up its barge and fo und new quarters in a set of rooms at the nearer encl of the O.U . B.C. Boat-house. This change, if it takes place, will bring the Boat Club many advantages that it docs not at present enjoy . It will give the Club a larger club-room and better ch anging accommodation than any College Barge provides.

It will also secure for the Club far more satisfactory facilities for the storage of its boats than it has had heretofore - a very important consideration for the life and well-being of racing craft.

Members of the Hall and their friends will be accorded the privilege of watching the races from the terrace of the 0.U.B.C. Boathouse and of having tea served in a railed -off enclosure o n the t errace outside the set of rooms occupied by the Hall Boat Club.

It is expected that '\iV orcester College will be tenants of a set of club-rooms at the opposite encl of the Boat-house.

OF A SET OF POSTCARDS.

An attractive set of eight postcard views of the Hall in photog ravure has been prepared by the Oxford University Press. Sets of these postcards contained in envelopes bearing the arms of the Hall, together wi,t h a descriptive leaflet, 1are on sale at the Buttery for the sum of r s. a set. They can also obtained by post on application ¡ to the Bursary for the sum of r s. 2d. The postcards are not sold separately . It is hoped that this set of eight postcard views

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

13

will be welcomed by the many Aularians past and present who have expressed the w_ish that more up-to-date views of the Hall w<;re procurable than those ordinarily on sa_le in shops in the City.

OF ST. EDMUND'S DAY.

Dinner in Hall on St. Edmund's Day, Tuesday, November 16, was cancelled owing to the death of E. G. M. Crozier.

OF THE CHAPEL.

The Rev. Dr. H. Danby, Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church, preached in Chapel on October 24.

Or THE NEw LIBRARY. R. E. Lyth has succeeded B. F. A. Geoghegan as Librarian.

OF NrnvIBERS.

There were in residence during Michaelmas Term _15 Bachelors of Arts and 146 undergraduates. The number of Freshmen admitted was 37.

OF THE J.C .R. The officers of the J.C.R. elected for the academical year 1937-~8 are: "President, E. P. M. Elliott; Steward, A. C. \i\Tace. R. R. Rylands has been appointed Junior Treasurer.

APUD LONDONIENSES rpHE Dinner of the London Branch of the Aularian Association

_1 ¡

took place at the Florence Restaurant on Monday, January 4, 1937¡ The toast of FloreatAula was proposed by the Rev. H. W. Thorne in a speech which recalled delightful recollections of his own undergraduate clays when it never rained but it snowed and when the Hall ghost was a recognised occupier of rooms in the Tomlinson Building. He went on to .speak in a more serious tone of the immense progress made by the Hall since the \IV ar.

The Principal, as usual, declined to make a formal oration but forecast the changes which the new Statutes would effect and hoped for the continued support of old members in facing the financial obligations which woul d result from the hard-won independence of the Hall.

Those present were especially pleased to welcome both t he VicePrincipal and the Sen ior: Tutor at this informal gathering.

L.W.H.

14

ST. EDMUND HALL l\IAGAZINE

APUD TRANSFRETANTES At a chance meeting of three fog-bound Aularians, Messrs. Ian Besley, F. H. H. Finch and S. G. Rees, in s.s. Lorina on August 29 a Mid-Channel Branch of the Aularian Association was formed ad tern.pus and cordial greetings sent to the Principal : Tam per nu1:re quam per terram .4 ula fioret.

THE AULARIAN ASSOCIATION

T

HE Executive Committee met at +30 p.m. on Tuesday, July 22, 1937, in the Principal's Lodgings. There were present: The Principal, Canon S. L. Ollard, Canon D. Armytage, Canon P. Cunningham, the Rev. K. M. Ffinch, the Rev . Dr. A. C. Keene, the Rev. F. McGowan, the Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, Mr. R. Sayle, the Rev. H. W. Thorpe, Mr. J. J. G. vValkinton, and Mr. L. W. Hanson.

The Annual General Meeting follovved the Reunion Dinner.

The Principal took the chair. As the minutes of the previous meeting had been published in the Magazine, they were taken as read.

In the enforced absence of the Hon. Treasurer and the Hon. Auditor, the Principal presented the accounts. The accounts were approved and the recommendations of the Executive Committee for the disposal of the balance were adopted. £ roo was voted towards the expense of the Eig·ht at Henley. A grant of £z5 towards the Exhibition Fund for sons of Old Members was renewed, and an additional grant of a similar sum was authorised. was voted towards the fund instituted by the Association for the provision of an Exhibition in Modern Languages. The Association agreed to pay for the cost of printing a leaflet in connection with the general appeal for the endowment of the Hall which the Principal proposed to launch as soon as the new Statutes have been approved by the King in Council.

The Principal informed the Association that under the new Statutes the Association would have the rig·ht to appoint one of the Trustees of the Hall and that it might be necessary to hold an extraordinary meeting in the course of the year for that purpose.

The Executive Committee was authorised to nominate a candidate.

The Hon. Treasurer, Hon. Secretary, Hon. Auditor and the two resigning members of the Executive Committee, Canon Armytage and Mr. vValkinton, were unanimously re-elected.

L.W.H.

£40

T I 11 ·: l ' l{ l 'd' l l '.\ 1.. l 'i.:F:--1 · '\T\ l'H I '\

l '11 1 n.~ . \n ,

ST. ED!l'lUND HALL MAGAZ INE

- -- - -- - -···-

-

-···

15.

- - - - -- - - · - - - -------- -· - - -

THE REUNION, 1937 HE Fifteenth R eunion of O ld Members took place on Tuesday, June 22, 1937. After Evensong in Chapel dinner was served in the Hall. There were present at dinner: The Right Rev. the Bishop of Carlisle, Mr. F . \ iV. E lwell, A.R.A., the Rev . Canon s. L. Ollard, the Re v. K. M. F'finch, the Rev. C. vV. Fullmer, the Rev . Canon P. Cunningham, the Rev. Canon A . C . Hair, the Rev .

T. E. R . Phillips, Mr. H. N. ffarington, the Rev . C. V/ . Fisher, the Rev . C. E . Burki tt, the Rev. Dr. A. C . Keene, the Rev. F. R. Edmonds, the R ev. H. VI/. T horne, the Rev. R. Shepheard, the Rev. A . Hill-J ones, the Ven . R. N . H odson, Archdeacon of Stafford, the R ev . Canon D . Armytage, the R ev. L . H . Coles, Mr. vV. E. Andrews, the R ev. \ iV. A . Congdon, Mr. R. Sayle , the Rev. Ll. R. McDermid, the Rev. F. McGowan, Dr. P. T. Freeman, the Rev. H. H. Vickers, Mr. J. J. G. Walkinton, Mr. H. A. Blair, the Rev. \iV. R. M. Chaplin, Mr. \ iV. H . Hindle, Mr. C. Lummis , the R ev. C . A. Plaxton, Mr. D. E . H ave rgal, the Rev. A. J. Foster, Mr. ]. C . 'vV. Ludlow, Mr . M. A. McCanlis, Mr. L. W. H anson, Mr. R. H. Barff, Mr. vV . vV . J. Bolland , Mr . R. Waye, Mr. J. Bradley, Mr. C. ]. Hayes, the Rev. E . L. Phillips , the R ev . R. J. Vaughan, the Rev. J. H . H odson, and Mr. T. M . F. Rogers .

The toas t of Floreat Aiila was p roposed by the Ven . R. L. Hodson, Archdeacon of Stafford. In a delightful speech he recalled the life of t he H a ll thirty years ago, paid a gracious tribute to the Principal and th e progre ss of the Hall under his care, and stressed the many advantages so happily cultivated and so greatly enjoyed in a small society s uch as our own. , The Principa l in his reply welcomed the presence of the Archdeacon and his son at the Reunion, reco unted the changes in the personnel and the successes of the Hall during the past year , a nd ou tlined the position which the passing of th e new Statutes would bring about.

L.W.H.

T

THE PRESENTATION OF -THE PRINCIPAL'S PORTRAIT PORTRAIT in oi ls of the P rincipal, painted by Mr. F. vV. Elwell, A.R.A., and exhibited at the Royal Academy, was presented to him after the Reunion Dinner. The Bishop of Carlisle in m a king the presentation described hi s own tenu re of the

A

16

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Principalship modestly as an effort to keep the Hall going '.mtil peace returned. He had invited Mr. Emden to come to the Hall as History Tutor, knowing him tc be a friend of Canon Hodg·son, then Vice-Principal, and, therefore, to be at least respectasle.

Once he had made the appointment, he himself left the Hall with a clear conscience and very rapidly. He went on to demm15trate the virtues of the Principal in a speech which will ever b e remembered by those who . heard it as a noble and witty tribute of one great servant of the Hall to another.

The Principal in his reply thanked the subscribers for a mqst misguided act. He was not minded to accept the portrait as a parting token, but he hoped that, coming as it did at an historic moment in the development of the Hall, it might mark a new phase in his very happy association with a body cf very loyal and ve ry devoted old members from whom he had always derived the utmost encouragement.

Canon Ollard expressed the general satisfaction that Mr. Elwell himself .was able to be present, and Mr. Elwell described the pleasure that the painting of the portrait had given him.

L.vV.H.

THE ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND ACKNOWLEDGE once again most gratefully on behalf of the Hall the support which the Endowment and Extension Fund continues to receive from Aularians. This is the fifth year since its institution. In the course of five' years a sum of £ r ,662 ms. 5d. has been contributed. This very welcome sum has reimbursed the Hall for its expenditure in acquiring the site upon which the Canterbury Building now stands. I hope that other Aularians will join their names to that encouraging list of subscribers whose gen~ros ity is recorded below. Contributions made year by year, howeve r modest in amount, are a very welcome indication of the continuing interest of Aularians _in the efforts that arc being made to build up for the Hall the endowment that it deserve s.

Next year, as •soon as the new Statutes have. come into oper•a tion and the dissolution of the connection with the Queen's College has taken effect, I am proposing to make a general appeal on behalf of the Hall. Support in generous measure can only be expected from outside, if it can be shown that the number of Old :Members already 'supporting the Endowment and Extension · Fund

I

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

17

of the Hall, small though ma ny of their contributions must necessarily be, is impressive in its testimony to their active concern for . ~he security and progress of the Hall.

A.B.E.

Total brought forward ]. B. Allan (total £4 4s.)

Mrs . T. K. Allen (total £6 6s.)

Right Rev. Bishop Allen (total £25) Rev. Canon D. Armytage (total £J.1 ros.)

Rev. F . M. Beddow Right Rev. the Bishop of Bermuda (total £3 3s.)

Rev. G. T . Brett (total £2) Rev. W . L. Bunce (total £3) H. Cloke (total £2 2s.) ...

Rev . H . M. Crabbe (total £2 l2s. 6d.)_ D. K. Daniels (total £s. 5s .)

G. H . Franey (total £8 8s.)

Dr. P . T. Freeman (total £6 6s .)

Rev . P. H. Gabb ...

Rev. T . V•./. Gilbert (total £2) ...

H. F. Green L. W. Hanson (total £6) ]. R . Hayston (total £2) .

E. A. H . Heard ...

W. H. Hindle Rev. S. A . Howard (total £25) .

H. C. Ingle (total £30) .. . ] . C. W . Ludlow (total £2 ros.)

Rev. LI. R . McDermid (total £4) H . A . Maxwell (total £6) , ...

V. W. Miles (total £4) K. A. Muir (total £6) H. E . Packer (total £2 zs.)

Rev . ] . E. T. Phillips A. Robinson P. J. Sandison (total £8) .

R. Sayle (total £25) B. Seton (total £4 4s.) .. .

R. Sim (total £410) C. D. Walker (total £5) .

R. Waye (total £4 ls.) .. .

P. Young (total £11) Profits from sale of reprints of view of the Quadrangle from the Oxford Almanack Profits from sale of the Principal's book, An OxfMd Hall in Medieval Times

£

s. d.

1550 12

2

0 l

:i

0

0 0

5

5

2

2

0 0

2

2 0

0 0

10

0

6 10 6 10

2

2

0 0

l

0

IO

0

3

· O 0

0 0

l

0

0

5

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

10

0

o

2

5

5

o·

0

0

0

0

0 0

0 0

I I

6

JO

0

I 2

15 0

0 0

5

0 2

0 0

0

0

l

2

35

0

0

I

0

0

0

7

JO

9

2

0

0

£166z

IO

5

l8

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE HALL STATUTES

B

EFORE 1913 the Hall had no statutes of its own. In so far as it "';as governed by Statutes, it was subject only to the Statuta A ularia of the University. These Stcitu.ta, which are still included in the volume that is published year by year containing the University Sta tutes, were originally framed for the regulation of discipline within all the public Halls of the University. The oldest known edition of the Aularian Statutes is that promulgated during the Chancellorship of John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln, between the years 1483 and 1490. Supplemented by Cardinal Pole, this fifteenth century code was amended by Archbishop Laud in the course of his thorough revision of the Statutes of the University. This recension gave place in 1835 to the existing version, which is largely based on it. In recent years undergraduate members of the H a ll have had an opportunity of studying these Latin Sta tutes, as they are printed with the Regulations of the Hall, a copy of which has , since 1929» been handed to each member of the Hall on his admission.

In 1912 the University made with the concurrence of the Governing· Body of the Queen's College a Statute 'providing for the continuance of the Hall as a place of education, religion, and learning separate from the Queen's College, while prese rving the right of the College to appoint the Principal of the Hall.' This Statute was approved by the King in Council on February Il, 1913.

Since the first year of the reign of Elizabeth the Queen's College has exercised the rig·ht, then granted to it by the University, of appointing to the Principalship. But once the Principal was appointed by the College and instituted by the Vice-Chancellor, he was free to administer the Hall as he pleased. The Principalship of the Hall has , in fact, been an autocracy. He has 1appointed the Vice-Principal and Tutors and has fixed the conditions of their tenure. He alone has been responsible for the maintenance of the fabric and for a ll that concerned the financial working of the Hall.

This patriarchal authority on the part of the Principal has constituted one of the chief features that h as distinguished a Hall from a College.

The Statute of 1913 regula ted in certain directions the Principal's exercise of his powers. It was stipulated that he should reside within th e Hall for at least seven weeks in full term and at least twenty-six weeks in each year, and that he should 'exercise the offices of Dean and Tutor and take part in the instruction of its members.' H e was required to set aside For the formation of a

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

19

Tuition Fund one-third of the pay ments for tuition made by members of the H all. \ i\Tith this exception, all room-rents, fees, du es , and other p ayments including the residu e of all payments for tuition were to be received by the Principa l and were to be a pplicable for his own use and be nefit. But out of this sum he was under obligation to make provision for the ma intenance, insurance and upkeep of the Hall buildings. It was laid down that he should present an annual report to Convocation and make a n annual statement of the accounts of the Hall, which were to be a udited by the University Auditors and published together with the accounts of the University a nd Colleges. The Curators of the Chest were charged with the responsibility of making an annual r eport to the Queen's College and to the H ebdomadal Co uncil with regard to the observance by the Pri ncipal of his obligations of maintenance, insurance and upkeep. In the even t of incapacity or misconduct the Principal was made answerable to the Visitatorial Board in the same manner as a P rofessor. The only officer of the Hall other than the Principa l for w hom the Statute m ade specific prov ision was the Vice-Principal. As heretofore, he was to b e appointed by the Principal, and his tenure o~ office to terminate upon the 'a ppointment of a new Principal.

After th e War a Royal Commission on the Universiti es of Oxford and Cambridge was appointed, and statutory effect was given to its p rinc ipal conclusions in the Oxford and Cambridge Universities Act, which was passed in 1923. A general revision of College Statutes was carried out under the powers conferred on the University of O xford Commissioners by this Act. vVith the concurrence of the Queen 's Coll ege a r evision of the Hall Statute of 19 13 was a lso undertaken, as a result of which a new Statute was made for the H a ll. This new Statute was approved by t he King in Counci l on F ebruary 25, 1926.

The Statute of 1926 considerably modified a nd enlarged the Statute which it replaced . As the Hall, unlike a College, is not a corporate society, it has no~ been able to hold real or p ersonal . property in its own name. This inability was common to all the medieval H alls . In th e case of St . Edmund Hall, suc h small benefactions as it had received had been vested either in the Chancellor, Mas ter s a nd Scholars of the University or in the Provost and Scholars of the Queen's Coll ege 'in trust for the Hall or for the members or any members of it as such.' Provision was made under the new Statute w hereby a ll real an d personal property 'given, devised or bequ eathed or otherwise acquired for the use and benefit of the Hall or of the members 0 1- of any memb er of it

20

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

as such,' should be vested in a body of Trustees . For this purpose six Trustees including th e Principal were constituted ; one by nomination of the Principal, two by the election of the H ebdomadal Council, and two by the election of the Governing Body of the Queen's College. It was designed that th e nomina ted a nd elected Trustees should hold office, in the first instance, for five years and be eligible for re-election. The Principal was required to make ' such arrangements iand provisions as may be necessary for vesting in the said Trustees any real and personal property that shall hereafter be given, devised or bequeathed for the use and benefit of the Hall,' and the Trustees were given power to authorise the investment or re-investment of Hall funds.

As a result of the growth in number of undergraduate m embers of the Hall, the financial ar rangements to uching the Principal's remuneration a s sanctioned by the Statute of 1913 were liable to work out very unsatisfactorily for the Hall, if the Principal chose to take full iadvantage of them, that is to say, if he appropriated to himself the surplus of th e revenue of the Hall after he had made his stat utory contribution to the Tuition Fund and discharged his obligations in regard to the maintenance, insurance and upkeep of the Hall buildings. The Statute of 1926 provided instead that the Principal should set aside for his own stipend an annual sum not exceeding ÂŁ800, together with an entertainment allowance not exceeding ÂŁ200, after he had 'discharged all payments due to all officers of the Hall and to persons giving tuition or instruction to members of the Hall and to all other persons employed by him for the benefit of the Hall.'

In the former Stat utes it had been assumed that either the Principal or the Vice-Principal should be in Holy Orders. The Statute of 1926 made provision for the appointment of a Chaplain if both the Principal ia nd Vice-Principal should be laymen. It also made provision for appointment by the Principal to the offices of Tutor, Dean and Bursar. The Vice-Principal and all Officers and Tutors of the Hall were given the option o f continuing in office for one whole year after the admission of a new Principal. A retiring age of sixty-five years was introduced for the Principal ana a ll Officers and Tutors of the Hall. The other alterations and additions contained in the Statute of 1926 hardly call for particular mention.

When, in 1934, the Governing Body the Queen's College generously acceded to the suggestion that the growth and development of the H all warranted its liberation from the leadingstrings in which it had been held by the College since the first year

of

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

21

of Elizabeth, it beca me o nce again necessary to embark upon a revision of the Statute . Advantage h as also been taken of this opportunity to introduce further changes affecting the general administration of the H a ll.

F or the dissolution o f the connection between the Hall and the Queen's College it was necessary to make arrangement for th e tra nsfer of the freehold o f the site and buildings of the Hall which since 1 557 h ave b een vested in the Coll ege, and to ma ke n ew provisio n for election to the Pri ncipalship. The transfer of the freehold of t he site and buildings has b een secured by a separate Statute wh ereby the freehold is vested in the Official Trustee of Charity L a nds, a s Cus todi a n Tru s tee, while the Trustees of the Hall become the Managing Trustees. By this m ean s the freehold of the s ite and building s of the Hall is vested in such a way as to avoid th e necessity of a fres h conveyance every time that there is a ch ange among the Tru st ees of the Hall, for, a s has already been explained , the Hall, not being a corporation , is unable to have the freehold of its site and buildings vested in th e name of the Principal and Sc hola rs , as it would if it were a College. If, on the other hand , the H a ll were to be incorporated; it would cea se to be a H all a nd would be transfo rmed into a College, as were Pembroke College and Hertford College . It has been deemed preferable t hat the Hall should rem ain the oldest surviving¡ H a ll rather th a n become the youngest of th e Colleges.

In divesting itself of the fr eehold of the site and buildings of the Hall the Governing Body of the Queen's College has not unnatura lly s tipulated for th e retention of a rig ht of reversion on the occurrence of certain, it is to be hoped, most improbable events, such as the H a ll ceasing ' to be an independent self-governing institution for the education of undergraduate members of the University of O x ford . ' The College h as also protected itself against the ill consequences which it might suffer if the Princip al and Trustees were so unn eig hbourl y as to erect a skyscraper on the site or to prejudice its reversionary interest by mortgaging the site and buildin gs of th e Hall for a sum exceeding ÂŁ15, 000.

The responsibility for el ecting the Principal ha s been transferred to the Tru stees of the H all. Under the new Statute the number and co mposition of the Trustees have been altered and their powers in other ways enlarged. The number of the Trustees has been raised to ten, of whom four a re tO be representa tive Trustees and six elected. Of th e representative Trustees on e is to be appointed by the Curators of the University Chest, one by the Governing Body of the Queen's Coll ege¡; one by the F ellows of th e

22

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Hall, and one by the Aularian Association. The elected Trustees are, in the first instance, to be elected by the Principal and the representative Trustees , and, thereafter, by the Principal and Trustees. The tenure of office by a Trustee has been extended from five to ten years. All Trustees, as before, are eligible for _reelection , but a Trustee ls liable to the determination of his office, if, during the period of two consecutive years, he attends no meeting of the Principal and T rus tees and discharges none of the functions of a Trustee. In addition to their responsibility for superintending with the Principal the investment or re-investment of all Hall funds, they also share _with the Principal responsibility in regard to all important matters affecting financial administration and outlay.

The provision of the Statute of 1926 whereby all real and personal property 'given, devised or bequeathed or otherwise acquired for the use and benefit of the Hall or of the members or of any member of it as such' was to be vested in the Trustees, was found to be a troublesome and expensive one in practice, as it necessitated a new transference of all investments every time that there was a change among the Trustees. It is arranged under the new Statute that with the exception of the site and buildings of the Hall, all real and personal property to which it is or may become entitled shall be vested in the University, as a Custodian Trustee.

This arrangement saves the necessity for p eriodical transferences on the appointment of new Trustees, while, at the same time, it leaves the Principal and Trustees of the Hall free as Managing Trustees to decide all questions of investment and re-investment at their own discretion.

For the conduct of business the Principal and Trustees are required under the new Statute to hold at least two Stated General ¡M eetings a year,' of which one shall be held on St. Edmund's Day, that is, on November 16, or as near to that date as may be practicable.' At a Stated General Meeting the Principal and Trustees are empowered to make Ordinances on any matter relating either to the property or the administration of the Hall, provided, of course, that such Ordinances are in no respect inconsistent with the Hall Statutes.

The new Statute is no less radical in the changes that it makes in the constitutional relationship between the Principal and the Vice-Principal and Tutors of the H all. Hitherto the Vice-Principal and Tutors have had no co nstitutional part in the government of the Hall, as the Principal has not been under any statutory obligation to act w ith their consent. Under the new Statute their

ST. EDlVIUN'n HALL MAGAZINE

23

consent is required, very. much in the same way a s is that of the Fellows of a College, in matters affecting ' the internal administration and educational policy of the Hall, and the residence , instruction, and discipline of such of its members as are in stat-u p-upillari .'

In consequence of this closer association of the Vice-Principal and Tutors with the Principa l in the government of the Hall in so far as its academical activities are concern ed, it has seemed fitting that the Vice-Princ ipal and Tutors should, in conformity with the usage of Colleges, be acco rded the t itle of Fellows . It may be pointed out in this conn ec tion that in Colleges a reverse process h as taken place. The title of Tutor was originally confined to the graduate members of Halls who w ere engaged in the instruction of undergraduates. But when in the course of the sixteenth century the Colleges cea sed to restrict their attention to post-graduate studies and bega n to compete with the Halls in th e admission of undergraduates, the title of Tutor was accorded to Fellows of Colleges who undertook the instruction of unde rgraduates . And even to-day in CoUeges only a certain number of Fellows have the status of Tutor.

The first appointment of Fellows after the new Statute comes into operation is to be made by th e Principal: thereafter all appointments and re-appointments are to be made by the Principal with the consent of the Fellows. The number of F ellows is to be d ecided by the Principal and Trustees. Fello\VS are to be appointed for an initial period not exceeding seven years and are eligible for periodical re-appointm ent until they reach the statutory retiring age of sixtyfive . Any F ellow of the Hall who is not married at the time of his appointment is liable to lose his Fellowship if h e marries within seven years of his first a ppointment. Provision is made under the new Statute for th e election of Honorary F ellows.

Th e far-reaching changes .in the government of the Hall introduced by the new Sta tute open a fresh chapter in its history. In important respects the constitutional working of the H a ll has been brought more closely into lin e with that of a College. But the long -established tradition cha racteristic of the medieval Halls, w hereby the Principal occupies a paternal position in the acad emical fa mily over w hich he presides, is still r etai ned. In effect, under the new Statute , th e Principal has become a constitutional monarch, where hitherto he has been a despot, albeit, it is hoped , a b enevolent despot. ' The Principa l shall have charge of the Hall,' states the new Statute in its initial definition of th e constitution of the Hall, ' subject to the superintendence of the Trustees and the collaboration of the Fellows hereinafte r co ns tituted.' The appoint-

24-

ST. EDMUND HALL "M AGAZINE

------------------------------~·· -

ment of a body of Trustees who will share with the Principal responsibility in all that concerns the property and financial business of the Hall will, it is believed, prove a source of added strength to the Hall by associa ting in its government men of wider and more varied experience than academic life in Oxford can expect to give. At the same time, the larger powers g iven to the Vice-Principal and Tutors under the new Statute not only identify them more closely with the Hall in a ll that concerns its academic activities but also come as a timely recognition of th e invaluable contributio n to its welfare and progress which the Hall has long owed to its Vice-Principals and Tutors.

A.B.E.

SCHOLARSHIPS AND EXHIBITIONS A PROSPECTIVE RETROSPECT. Full freedom from the ties which have connected the Hall with the Queen's College for nearly four hundred years has not been obtained without cost to the Hall. As a result of the dissolution of the connection between the two societies the Hall forgoes the valuable grant of £300 a year which the College has made to the Exhibition Fund of the Hall since 1913, when the Statute securing the Hall from its threatened absorption by the College came into operation. Fortunately the loss is not immediate, as the College has most generously expressed its willingness to continue its grant fot a period of fifteen years after the new Statutes take effect. But, even so, the eventual withdrawal of what is at present the main support of the Exhibition Fund of the Hall has to be faced. It is a loss which the Hall can ill afford, for in the past the Hall, as compared with the Colleges, has been conspicuously lacking in endowments for the provision of scholarships and exhibitions. It was their want of endowment for this purpose that contributed as much as any other factor to the extinction of the other medieval Hall s that survived into the nineteenth century.

It would seem proper, therefore, at this time that some account should be g iven of what the position of the Hall has been in the past !and is to-day as regards endowments of this kind .

The efforts of the earliest benefactor, so far as I have found record, who had the intention of attaching scholarships or exhibitions to the Hall were unsuccessful. Thomas Lancaster, Arch~ bishop of Armagh and .Primate of Ireland, the first post-Reformat ion Principal of the Hall, made a will in which he provided for the foundation of a free school or college at Drogheda, to be called

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

2fi

---·----

' Queene Elizabethes Colledge,' to which were to be attached eight scholarships or exhibitions tenable at St. Edmund Hall. The circumstances u11der ·which this wi ll was m ade-it was dictated when h.e lay in lodgings at Drog h eda ' erased,' it was said, ' and sycldve ~fter his travel! thyther '-:--led to litigation, and his bequest came to nothing. A record of the law-suit (MS. 553) is preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.

The first exhibition to be settled on the H all of which I h ave found particulars was bequeathed under the will of Sir Charles Thorold, Kt., Alderman of the City of London, which was proved on April 13, 1709. By his will he made over an annuity of £40 for ninety-nin e years payable to him ' out of her Maties Exchequer and charg'd on one half of Tonnage and Poundage by vertue of a Tallie or Tallies and on Order Memo. 2086 dated the twelfth day of March A.D. 1707 ' to the Ironmongers' · Company in trust that the Master and \ iVa rdens of that Company should pay, so long as the annuity continued, 'to four poor Students, one of them of Corpus Christi or Benet College, another of them of Christ's College , another of them of Trinity College and another of them of Catharine's Hall in the University of Cambridge, and to ot her four poor Students, one of them of University College, another of them of Corpus Christi College, another of them of Merton College and another of the m of Saint Edmund's Hall in the University of Oxford' a yearly Exhibition of five pounds ' towards their better support and mainte nance in their said respective Colleges.' Such students only were to be approved by the Master and Wardens as ' shall come best recommended from their Colleges for Vertue, Piety and L earning and most likely to prove usefull in the Service of God.' Th e tenure of each Exhibition was limited to four years and could not continue to be held after gra duation . The copy in the Hall archives of the relevan t portions of Sir Charles Thorold's will was transc ribed from the original and collated by Dr. \Vhite Kennett, Dean and subsequently Bishop of Peterborough , a former Vice-Principal of the Hall, and bears his signature. The Hall benefitted from its share in this bequest until 1806 vvhen the annuity ceased. Thomas Hearne mentions in his diary, under the date April 18, 1722, that this Exhibition is the only one at the Hall.

It · may be of interes t to reproduce here the form of the P etition made by an undergrachiate of the Hall applying for the Exhibition and that of the Testimonial given him by the Principal and Vice-Principal in support of his' candidature. A specimen of each of these forms has been preserved in the Hall archives. The fO'rm Of the Petition is as follows:.',_

26

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE -- - - - - ----------- - - - - -

To the Worshipful Company of Ironmongers in London.

The Petition of John Dawes Ross of St. Edmund Hall in the University of Oxford Sheweth that yo ur Petitioner is a poor Scholar of the said Hall, & hath duly resided from his Entrance on the l8th Day of October last past, & hath taken no Degree in the University; he therefore humbly beg·s, that he may succeed Mr. Cope (who hath resigned) in the Enjoyment of an Exhibition left by Sr. Charles Thorold to a poor Scholar of the said Hall; which Favour will be always thankfully acknowledged by, Worshipful Gentlemen, Your most humble Servant, JOHN DAWES Ross.

The form of the Testimonia l runs:To the iWorshipfuL the Master & \Vardens &c. of the Ironmongers' Company in London.

We, the Principal & Vice-Principa l of St. Edmund Hall in the University of Oxford, do of our personal knowledge testify, that John Dawes Ross (your late Petitioner for Sr. Charles Thorold's Exhibition) hath duly resided in the said Hall from October l8th. 1757 to April 5th. 1758, & hath behaved himself ·well according to the Rules thereof; & that He hath not taken any Degree in the said University . \Vitness our Hands &c.

On February 6, 1730/ l, Lady Elizabeth Hastings, daughter of the seventh Earl of Huntingdon, wrote to Dr. Thomas Wilson, the well-known Bishop of Sodor and Man: ' I leave six Exhibitions of £zo per annum to Edmund Hall in Oxford, to as many clergymen's sons, till they are of Masters of Arts standing. Cou ld any of this be improved so as to promote the real conversion ·of infidels particularly in the East Indies? ' Six years later she wrote again to the Bishop, but this time to say: ' I have determined my Exhibitions to Queen's College and not to Edmund Hall.' The reason for her change of mind, which as a matter of fact had taken place shortly after she had penned the first of these two letters, was her admiration for Dr. Joseph Smith, the newlyappointed Provost of Queen's. The estate bequ eathed to the Colleg·e by Lady Elizabeth Hastings ' has increased in value,' writes Dr. Magrath in his history of the College, 'coal, as she anticipated, having been found under it.' To-day the College is able to award annually about six Scholarships of £u5 a year each to candidates' from the eighteen schools in Cumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire that now benefit from her foundation.

In view <Jf what had happened it was not unfitting that Dr. Smith should himself remember the Hall when he came to make his own will ; but unfortunately his intention to benefit the Hall

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

27

seems to have proved abortive. After his death in 1756 it was found that he had left to the Provost and Scholars of Queen's College the sum of £100, part of the capital sum of £800 subscribed by him to the British Fishery, in trust to be laid out by them in the purchase of an Estate held from some Collegiate or Cathedral Church, the interest on which was to be used to furnish, in addition to certain awards affecting his ovvn College, ' two distinct Exhibitions of £10 per annum each to be settled upon Edmund Hall for the benefit of two young Scholars who are or shall be born in the Diocese and regularly bred up in the Free school at Durham to be enjoyed by them two years after their taking a B.A. Degree.' He had hoped to make the number a nd value of the Exhibitions greater but had found 'to my great concern ' that the dividends from his investment in the British Fishery ' now fall far short of the produc e that was for some time expected from it,' and that too in spite of the fact that he had been encouraged to make the investment ' by the advice and persuasion of an eminent Merchant of my acquaintance and some other persons of Note and Experience in those matters.' The Provost shared in a very general concern: great expectations had been set upon the attempt of this company to revive the English fishing industry a nd oust the Dutch. In 1759 Oliver Goldsmith boldly states the unwelcome truth in his essay, 'On the Instability of Worldly Grandeur.' ' A few years ago,' he writes , ' the herring fishery employed all Grub Street; it was the topic in every coffeehouse, ,and the burden of every ballad. We were to drag up oceans of gold from the bottom of the sea ; we were to supply all Europe with herrings upon our own terms. At present we hear no more of this.' Nor did the Hall, it would seem, of Dr. Smith's Exhibitions.

The dispositions made by another would-be benefactor of the Hall, who had died fourteen years before, also proved abortive.

Under his wi ll dated Oc tober 11, 17 42, the R ev . John Loder of N apton-upon-the-Hill, vVarws . , left all his real estate in Lech lade and Moreton-in-the-Marsh, Glos., after the decease of his wife to her nephew, \i\Tilli am Taylor, provided that he and his male issue after him took th e surname of Loder; but if he bad no male issue or failed to take the name of Loder, the property .was to pass to the Provost of vVorcester Colle g·e and the Principal of St. Edmu nd Hall, 'to be equally divided between them in order for Fellowships m Exhibitions.' But vVorcestcr College and the H'lll were disappointed of their ben e faction. Mr. William Taylor Loder when he came into_the property ' suffered a recovery.' A case was put up to Counsel, but on January 25, 1773 , iVIr . John Skynner (<;ub-

28

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZlNE

sequently Chief Baron of the Exchequer) gave it as hi s opinion that the nephew had taken an estate in tail male under his uncle's will, and that the remainder, therefore, in favour of Worcester College and St. Edmund Hall, was barred !

The nineteenth century proved no more productive of perma nent endowm ents for the provision of scholarships or exhibitions at the Hall than had the eighteenth . The threat of extinction which overshadowed the H a ll after the Royal Commission for University R eform of 1877 had r ecommended the closing down of the four surviving Halls largely discouraged benefaction . In 1855, the Rev. Edmund Hobhouse, F ellow of Merton and Vicar of St. P e ter's-in-the-East, set aside the sum of £s, ooo, part of the patrimon y recently inherited from his father, to form a Trus t 'for the maintenance a nd education or otherwise for the benefit of ten of the underg raduates for the time being of Sa int Edmund Ha~ !. ' The Trust was made subject to his revocation. Dr. John Barrow, so long as he remained Principal, was empowered to award th e Exhibitions, and thereafter Mr. Hobhouse himself or his executors or adininistrators. The assistance given by the Trust seems, for some time at least, to have take n the form of a remission of tuition fees and, in the case of occupants of certain rooms in HaU which Mr. Hobhouse furnished, of a remission of room-rents. Mr. Hobhouse, who subsequently became Bi shop of N elson in New Zealand, and, after his return to England, assistant bjshop to the Bishop of Lichfield, died in 1904 . At hi s death the Trust came to an end.

During the principalship (1 864-1913) of Dr. Edwa rd Moore an Organist Exhibition and Librarian Exhibition, each of the annual value of £z4, were awarded out of a fund provided bv the Principal. During his latter years as Principal Dr. Moore had at his disposa l teh1porarily a su m of about £200 a year for providing small Exhibitions of varyin g amounts of a n annual value ranging from £z4 to £10 a year for those who could not otherwise afford a University career. vVhen in 19 13 the struggle to prevent the absorption of the Hall into the Quee11's College had bee n wo i1 , the College con siderately agreed to contribute an annu al sum of £ :,oo to the Exhibition Fund of the H all; and this gran t , under the terms of the new Statutes, •a s I have already stated above, comes to an end in fifteen years time .

In 1924 the late Rev. J.C. Gawthern, who came up to the Hall in 1861, transferred to the Uni ve rsity, in trust for the H a ll, certain securities of the value of £ r ,700 , subj ect to his and his w!fe's

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

29

life-interests therein, for the formation of an Exhibition Fund to be known as the Secker Exhibition Fund in memory of his greatgTeat-great uncle, Dr. Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury (1693-1768). This gift was prompted not only by Mr. Gawthern's regard for the _Hall but also by a desire to make some restitution for the action of a Mr. Thomas Frost, who married a niece of the Archbishop, in obtaining through the Courts the setting aside of a valuable bequest which the Archbishop had made in his will for the benefit of poor students at the University .

There have since followed other welcome benefactions for the provision of Exhibitions. These will be within the recollection or most Aularians, as they have already be.e n chronicled in former issues of the Magazine. A Liddon Exhibition Fund for the assistance of ordinands was instituted in 1929 jn commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Dr. H.P. Licldon (Vice-Principal 1859~62}; this Fund is growing· steadily if slowly and at present has a sum of £ 1 ,ooo invested to its credit. A Bursary Fund for the assistance of ordinands already in residence at the Hall was formed by the late Rev. vV. L. Martin, a former member of the Hall, by a gift of securities of the value of about £800. In 1931 and 1932 respectively two former members of the Hall, Mr. H. N. ffarington and Mr. H. C. Ingle, each made a gift of £1 ,ooo for the establishment of Exhibitions. And, as the present issue of the Magazine records, two of the daughters of a former member of the Hall, the late Rev. E. Bittleston, have bequeathed sums amounting to £2,ooo which will eventually be available for H1e endowment of Exhibitions. It is encouraging that at last, after more than six centuries, a substantial beginning has been made towards building up an adequate provision of Scholarships and Exhibitions for the Hall.

A.B.E.

EDWIN BAILEY ELLIOTT PROFESSOR EMERITUS BENEFACTOR. Edwin Bailey Elliott, who died at the age of 86 on July 21 last, left by his will a munificent benefaction to the Hall, the particulars of which are given elsewhere in the Maga.zine.

Elliott, who w1a s the son of a well-known citizen, the late Mr. E. L. Elliott, was born in Oxford and spent the whole of his life in the city as (except as a child) a member of one or both of two Colleges, Magdalen and Queen's. He was a boy at Magdalen

30 - - - - --

ST. EDMUND HALL '.\IAGAZINE - - · ----·-------------- - · - - - - · ·- ----- ··

--· -

---·- --~·

-

College School and was intended for business, but on the urgent representation of a former tutor, backed by Dr. Hill, the Headmaster of the School, it was decided to send him to the University. In the First Mathematical Set with him at this time were W. E: Sherwood, the futur e H eadmaster of the School, Treasurer of the O.U.B.C. !and Mayor of Oxford, and A. E. Drinkwater, the future fath er of John Dlrinkwater. In 1869 he was elected a Demy of Magdalen College. He obtained First Classes in Mathem atics at Moderations a nd in the Final Honour School. In 1874 he was elected to the Fellowship and Mathematical Lecturesh ir_, at Queen's College which he h eld till 1892, and also won the Senior University Mathematical. Scholarship; in 1892 he was elected the first holder of the W aynflete Professorship of Pure Mathematics and became in consequence a Fellow of Magdalen College, 18921921. He retired in 192 l with the title of Professor Emerit11s. In 1916 he was elected an Honora ry Fellow of Queen's College. He was for eight years, ·wh ilst at Queen's, Mathematical Lecturer at C.C.C. He was Junior Proctor 1887-88 with his most intimate friend, Charles Leudesdorf , Fellow of Pembroke College, as Senior Proctor. He served the Uni versity for many years as a memb~r of the Faculty of Natural Science and of the General Board of the Faculties, as a member of the H ebdomadal Council, as a Curator of the University Chest, as a Delegate of the Common University Fund and Secretary to the Delegates, and as a member of various other Boards-th e Museum Delegacy, the Non-Collegiate Delegacy and the Visitors of the University Observ atory. The Vice-Chancellor when conferring on him the title of Professor Emeritus spoke warmly on hi s devotion to learning and of his administrative ability.

He was a regular attendant at the ter minal meetin gs of the Association of Mathematical Lecturers, which under the new statutes was incorporated in the Sub-Faculty of Mathematics. He was one of the original members, the first Secretary, and later the President of the Oxford Mathematical Society, which was founded under the auspices of Professor Sylvester and other keen mathematicians. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1893 and was also a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society; he was a very active member of the London Mathematical Society, was on the Council for many years and President for the years 1896-98.

He was for some years Treasurer of the Eye Hospital, in whicl1 his wife took a lively interest, and one of the Cutler Boulter's Trustees; otherwise he took no part in the public life of the City.

l ' h u l o: 1,·/liu/ <''-· Fry .

1-:l lW I:\

ll .\ILE\" 1-:1 . 1.I O TT , \I. .\ .. l'.R.S.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - -- - - - - - · - - ------- ----

-

--~

31 -------- ·-- -

In 1893 be married Miss Charlotte Amelia Mawer, of Oxford; her death took place only a few weeks before bis.

He was a member of the old Oxford Choral Society and was a frequent guest of his wife at the concerts of the Ladies' Musical Society; he was keenly interested in music, in natural history and in literature. The oldest literary society of Queen's, the Addison Society, was founded largely through the efforts of two Mathematical F ellows of the College, Elliott and his life-long friend th e Rev. A. J. P. Shepherd; four papers which Elliott read at early meeting s of th e Society still exist. He retained membership of this Society and was a regular atte ndant at its anniversary meetings almost till the end.

He was not an athlete in the usual sense of the word but was a strong walker. Cornwall and D evon, North Wales and Ireland, parts of Italy, Switzerland and th e Tyrol were familiar to him; also he u·sed to bicycle in the happy days when bicycling was a pleasure and not a terror.

He was a Conservative politically and in University matters.

H e and his wife were very faithful attendatits at St. Philip and St. James' Church; on Sunday afternoons in term he was generally to be found at Magdalen or Queen's Chapel, both of which he loved.

He was not a controversiali st - except perhaps in some mathematical matte rs - but had strict opinions on right and w rong a nd could speak out clearly when need arose. He was loved by his pupils, to whom he was kind" pa ti ent and helpful; he took a great: interest in their careers and had a habit of being godfather to th eir children - an office which he did not allow to be a sinecure. H e had a g enius for retaining old friendships, and his friends and th eir fami li es were sure of a warm welcome at his home. Almost th e fir st question his old pupils would ask when they came up wa s: ' And hovv is Ell iott? ' He wa s a frequent examin er in the Mathematical Schools, for the University Mathematica\ Scholarships and for Fellowships.

He liked examinin~· and was a th oroug h believer in its utility as a real a nd practical means of picking out men 'who could d eal with problems as they arose.' I have had quite humorous letters from him explaining in a parable how Smithson by thoug·ht and judgment in setting out his work had arrived at his results more neatly than and as accurately as Johnson, . ' who was more wordy and more laborious.'

As a Tutor Elliott was extremely careful and patient , sparing neither time nor trouble with his pupils; his teaching was to one of th em at least a 1-evelation and a n inspiration. ' 11/e all had a pro-

:32

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZJNE

found respect for his knowledge and his capacity for coping with difficulties. He had a nervous delivery which made his lectures rather trying to take in at first, but they were so clear and so well thought out that one soon got - ' one' was a favourite expression of his - to follow them. His learning was wide and he was a very capable lecturer over a wide range of subjects, but his principal lectures were on Higher Algebra and on Invariants and Covariants of Algebraical Forms. These lectures were subsequently expanded into his 'Algebra of Quantics' (first edition 1895; second edition, revised, 1913.). This book, which is still the classical English book on the subject, or rather its author, is the connecting link between Cayley, Sylvester, Salmon and our own time.

Elliott's earlier professorial lectures were on the 'Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable,' a theory which at that time was just becoming known to the general run of British Mathematicians, on Elliptic Integrals and on developments of processes in Algebra which are essential for the rigour now required m demonstrations of certain fundamental theorems of Algebra. Some of these processes did not appeal to him very strongly, and there are amusing notes in his MSS. in which he expresses ' doubts ' of his own orthodoxy.

In addition to the manuscripts of these and other lectures he has left behind him sixteen manuscript books, started in 1873 (the year in which he took his B.A.) and ending in 1931, when he was eighty years old. They begin with simple ' problems ' invented by him but soon get on to research work. His first article was published in the Nlessenger of Mathematics in 1876. There are 205 articles in all, some published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, others in the Transactions of the London Mathematical Society and the NI essenger of Matl1ematics, some not published at all. Many of. the earlier papers deal with the Theory of Reciprocants, a subject which owed its origin largely to Professor Sylvester; most of them deal with Algebraical Forms. Now he will develop ( an old theorem', now he will give in simple form a proof of a theorem which may have been long troubling mathematicians. It would not be profitable to go into denails which would only be intelligible to the professional mathematician.

After the lamented death of Mr. J. E. Campbell, F.R.S., of Hertford College, Elliott generously devoted much time and energy to seeing Campbell's book on ' Differential Geometry' through the press.

Shortly before his death he was greatly interested in a paper of Professor Socldy's-partly a jeu d'esprit and partly serious mathe-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

matics- which reminded him of researches of his own undert¡a ken nearly sixty years ago. ¡ He was a great man, a great mathematician and a great t eacher.

St. Edmund Hall may well be proud of its latest benefactor.

c.

H.

THOMPSON.

OBITUARY EDWARD CHARLES CORFE .

The R ev . Edward Charles Corfe, M .A ., Canon Emeritus of Truro Cathedral, died a t Pulborough, in Sussex, on August 28, at the age of 84. He entered th e Hall as Organ Exhibitioner in Michaelmas Term, 1871, but at the end of his second term, on winning a Classical Exhibition at Magdalen Hall, migrated. Notwithstanding the brevity of his residence at St. Edmund Hall, he always bore in affectionate remembrance the Hall that was his tirsr love. As recently as May 29, in a letter to me, he wrote: ' I never forget the two terms I spent at the dear Hall in the early 'seventi es . . . Since my ~a ll too brief time at the Hall I have followed its progress and history with great interest, especially on the river in recent years. I was one of the crew of the boat which the Hall was sending in for the Torpids, but as one or two of the crew had to retire through sickness we had to withdraw.'

Canon Corfe came of a family of organists. His father was organist of Christ Church, Oxford, his uncle of Bristol Cathedral, and his grandfather and great-grandfather were organists of Salisbury Cathedral. He was himself closely concerned with cathedrnl music. From 1877-84 he was a Minor Canon of Rochester Cathedral. In the latter year he was appointed an Honorary Fellow of St. Michael's College, Tenbury. For twenty-six years he was Canon and Precentor of Truro. On his retirement in 1930 he was appointed Canon Emeritus. H e remained full of activity to the end of his life, assisting in the parish church at Pulborough and working in his garden.

SIR "W ILLIAM HERBERT GREAVES, KT. Sir vVilliam Herbert Greaves , Kt. , K.C., B.A., died at his home, Stratford Lodge, St. Michael, Barbados, on December 18, 1936, aged 79. By his death the Island of Barbados has lost one of its leading and most respected citizens.

Sir \tVillia m Greaves was himself a native of Barbados. The seco nd son of ~fr. M. T. Greaves, he was born on the Island on

3-1

ST. EDMUND HALL lVIAGAZINE - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - -- - --

-----¡ ----

March r, 1857, and was educated at Codrington Grammar School.

Being commended by Dr. Mitchinson, Bishop of Barbados, to Dr. Moore, then Principal of the H a ll, he came over to England and was admitted to the Hall in Michaelmas Tenn , 1875. H e was President of the H a ll Debating Society in Trinity Term, 1878. H e grad uated with 3rd Class Honours in Jurisprudence in 1879, was ca lled to the Bar at the Middle Temple in the following year, and returned to practise .in Barbados. In 1883 he married Miss Millice nt Josephine Mahon. His ability as a lawyer was soon recognised, and in August, 1884, he was appointed a cting SolicitorGeneral for a period of nearly twelve months. He was again called upon to act as Solicitor-General in 1886 and was confirmed in t he appointment in January , 1887, a nd in the same year was appo inted Escheator-General. In the following year he became a Member of the House of Assembly and of the Board of Education, and i,n 1890 a member of the Executive Council. His efficiency in th e tenure of the office of Solicitor-General marked him out for higher appointment. In 1890 he was made a Q.C. In 1896 he was appointed Attorney-General, and six years la ter was promoted to the highest judicial post in the Island, that of Chief Justice. He received the honour of knighthood in 1904. After presidjng over th e Bench for twenty-three yea rs, he retired from office in 1925.

FRANCIS DALRYMPLE LANE. The Rev. Francis Dalrymple Lane, M.A ., died at Brailes, near Banbury, on August 3 , 1936, aged 73. He came up to the Hall from Stratford-on-Avon School in Michaelmas Term, _1879, but owing to a breakdown in health had to discontinue his studies in 1882 before he had qualified for a degree . H e replaced his name o n the books in 1897 and graduated B.A. and i\'f .A. in 1898. H e was ordained the following year to a curacy of St. J ohn the Baptist, Kidderminster. Five years later he was appointed Vicar or Clifton-on-Dunsmore with Brownsover in \i\Tarwickshire. On resigning this benefice in 1913 he was for two years Chaplain of the County and City of Worcester Asylum. In 1915. he was appointed R ector of Beaudesert with Henley-in-Arden, and six years later moved to the parish of Barcbeston, also in \iVarwickshire, where he remained as V icar until his retirement in 1930.

EDWARD GEOFFREY McCLlNTOCK CROZIER. Early on the evening of Thursday, November rr , Geoffrey Crozier while he was cycling back to his loclgin g¡s came into colli -

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

J5

sion, through no fault of his own, with a motor-car on Magdalen Bridge. The injuries that he received proved fatal: he died the same evening in the Radcliffe Infirmary without having fully recovered consciousness. The tragedy of this unhappy event has been deeply felt throug hout the H a ll. No one who knew Geoffrey Crozier could but feel acutely his sudden passing and he moved by very great sorrow and sympathy for his fam ily in their loss.

He came up to the Hall from Lancing in October, 1936, with the intention: of proceeding to ordination after he had taken his degree. The eldest son of th e R ev. E. T. and Mrs. Crozier, he was born on September 29, 1917, at Townsville , in North Queensl and, where his father was then Archdeacon. He entered Lancing in 19 3,1 and rose to be House-Captain (Field's House) in 1935, and Prefect in his last year . He took a full part in the life of the School, won his House colours for cricket, football and running, was a Cadet-Officer in the O.T.C., a Patrol-Leade r in the Scouts, and associated himself actively with the work of the School Mission in Camberwell .

He participated in the corporate life of the Hall with the same zest. He did not expect to win co nspicuous success in work or games; but wherever he was and whatever he did, his cheerfulness and fri end liness made a greater contribution than he would have ever allowed himself to believe. And this was true , too, of the influence that he exerted on others by his single-hearted sincerity and nat uralness in the prac tice of his religion. In Great Wratting, where his father was R ec tor, he was a friend of all the village. He had recently 'started a Scout Troop for the village boys. In Oxford he was a keen member of the U niversity Rover Scouts. During the Long Vacation he was ¡a t the Boys' Camp of the Oxford and Bermondsey Club at the Dragon School. He might well be described as an elder brother who was capable of extending far beyond the limits of his O\Vn home circle an elder-brotherlin ess expressive of a lively sense of responsibility and care for others.

A Requiem in his memory was said in the Chapel of the Hali on the morning of Saturday, November 13. The attendance at that service was an impressive tribute to the es teem in which he was held among his contemporaries here. His body was taken to Great Wratting for burial on Monday, No; ember .15. It is certain . that Geoffrey Crozier will be held in affectionate and grateful recollection by all who knew him at the H all.

A.B.E.

:rn

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGA ZINE - - - - ----

UT FAMA EST The Rig ht Re L Ur. H. H . \iV illi a ms, Bi shop o l Carlisl e ( Princ ipal i913-20), has received th e rare di st inction of being appoin ted a Select Preache r to the Un iversity for th e third t im e . H e was Select Preacher for the fir st time 1909-11 a nd agai n 19 18-20.

It was particularly appro pri ate that the Right R ev. Dr . (;. B. Allen, Assistant Bishop and A1-chd caco n of Oxford (Principa l 1920-28), should have bee n in vited to preach t he Co mmem oration Sermon (Sunday, Jun e 20) at St. Ma ry ' s in th e first year of hi s return to Oxford.

The important Confere nce on Faith a nd Order which took place at Edinburgh in August owed not a littl e to th e devoted preparatory work of its Organizing Secretary, the Rev . Canon L. H odgson (Vice-Principal 1914-19). Hi s a ppointm ent as R egiu s Professo r of Moral a nd Pastoral Theology and Ca non of Christ Church has been already chronicled in th e Ma.gazin e.

The R ev . J . S. Brewis, Principal of St. C had's Coll ege , Durham (Vice-Principal 1929-37), is to be congra tulated on t he birth of Thomas William o n August 27. H e has been appointed a n Examining C ha pl a in to the Bishop of Durha m.

Major E. C. Priestley, Army Education Corps (Tutor 19 13-1 8) , is to be congratulated on being awarded t he O.B.E. (Mil.). H e has returned from Indi a, where he was Commandant of the Kitchener Memorial College, Nowgong, a nd has joi ned the sta ff o f the Staff College, Cambe rl ey .

Th e ij.ev. A . M . Farrer, F ellow of Trinity College (Chaplain and Tutor 1931-35), has been a ppoi nted Spea ker's Lec turer in Biblical Studies .

Mr. J. C . Adamson was ma rri ed on D ecember 20 at St. An ne's, Soho, to Miss Prudence Gleeson, eldest daughter of Professor 0. a nd the late Mrs. Gleeson.

The R ev . H . M. Ain scow ha s been a ppo in ted \'i car of Lowthercum-Askham, VvestmorJ.a nd.

Mr. J. B. Allan has beep appointed S ub-Ma nage r of the Worcester branch of Ll oyd's Bank .

Mr . ]. N. Appelbe has been ap po inted a n Orga nizer of the Greater London Provide nt Scheme for District Nurs in g.

A volume of sermon s by the R ev. Ca non D . Army tage has bee n publi shed by Mess rs. A . R . Mowb ray & Co . Ltd. und er the titl e Firrn.ly I B elieve.

ST. EDMUND H ALL MAGAZINE

:H

The Rev . L. C. Baber has been appointed Rector o f Broughton, near Ba nbury.

The R ev . A. D. Bailey ha s joined th e sta ff of Salisbury Cathedra-1, Southern Rhodes ia.

Mr. G. S. Bessey ha s been ap pointed Administrative Assista nt on th e staff of the Surrey Educa tion Co mmittee . H e was married o n Decembe r 18 at lffley C hurch to Miss Cy nthi a Bird.

The Rev. Ca non A. D. Ba rk er, Vica r of Rathmill, celebra ted in June th e golden jubilee of hi s pri esthood, and received many tokens of th e a ffect io n a nd respect in which he is held in th e Bradford di ocese.

The Rev . K . M . Bis hop has been a ppointed Rector of Droylsden, i\t[anchester.

Mr. C . vV. Boothroyd was marri ed on September 11 to Miss Patricia Rig by , daug hter of the R ev. P . and Mrs. Rigby , at St. Jam es ', Birling ham, P ershore .

The R ev. A. R. Brown e-vVilkinson, Rector of Bedale, has bee n a ppoi nted Rural Dean of Bedale.

Mr. J. E. A. Bye has been appointed a n assistant master at Loug hboroug h Gra mm ar School.

Mr. F. Cooke has been a ppointed a n assis ta nt maste r at Queen Elizabeth's Hospita l, Bristol.

Mr. J. Fletcher Cooke has tra nsferred from the Colonial Office, where he was Private Secretary to the P ermanent Under-Secretary of State, to the Colo nial Admini strati ve Service . H e sail ed for Malaya in D ecember , and has been a ppointed to the Secretariat, Kua la Lumpur.

Mr. M. F. Cooper was married on September 11 to Miss Hilary Mathews, daug hter of Mr. a nd Mrs . Wilfred Mathews, at St. P eter ' s-in-the-East, Oxford. H e has been appointed to the staff of Messr s . Thomas H edley & Co . Ltd. The R ev. R . G. Co rn well has been appointed Pri est-in-Ch arge of St. Paul 's C hurch, Mount Pleasant, Stoke-on-Trent.

Mr. A. L. Crowe is at the Ma ry ' i\Tard Settlement , T av istock Place , W.C. 1.

The Rev. T. H. Croxall on his return from I nclia has been a ppointed Vicar of St. Michael's, Sutton Court, Chiswick.

Th e Rc L Ca no n A. C. Davis, Rector of Abing ton, is to be cong-ratulatecl on hi s appointment to a sta ll in P eterboroug h Cathedral.

The Rev. F. R . E dm ond s has bee n app ointed Recto r of Co rsley, neai¡ 'i\Tarmin stc r , ' i\T ilts.

18

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. M. Y. Ffrench-\Nilliams is to be congratulated on being selected as a mem5er of th e swimming team to r epresent England a t the Empire Games.

Mr. F. J. Field is to be congratulated on the publication of An /Jrrnorial of Curnberland by the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society. He has been appointed an assistant master at the Grammar School, Kingston-on-Thames.

Mr. N. G. Fisher is to be congratulated on the birth of a son on April 27.

The Rev. R. St. J. Fi sher has been appointed Rector of Newton Reigny, near Penrith.

Mr. D. Floyd has been appointed an Acting Proba tion Officer of the City of Bristol.

The Rev. J. E. Frame has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. George's, Leeds.

Mr. G. E. H. Grigson has received an appointment with the publishing firm of Messrs. George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd. The Rev. Ca non A. C. Hair has resigned the r ectory of \Nilling¡ham, Cambridge, which he has held since 1923.

Prof. E. L. Harv ey has been appointed Professor of English at the National University, Wuhan.

Mr. C. J. Hayes is to be congratulated on his appointment as Assistant Director of Examinations (Modern Lang uages Department) under the Civil Services Commissioners.

Mr. M. Healey was married on December 28 , 1936, to Miss Evelyn Shaw at Christ Church, Pellon, Halifax.

The Rev. T. D. C. H erbert, C.F., i ~ stationed in Palestine.

Mr. W. L. Herbert has been appointed a Probatiori Officer for the Borough of Croydon.

Mr. R. L. Hill was married on June 19 to Miss Juliana M. S. Cotton at St. Aloysius' Church, Oxford.

The Rev . A. Hill-Jones has resigned the r ectory of Steppingley and gone to live in Bath.

Mr. W. H. Hindle is to be congratulated on the production of the Official Souvenir Programme of the Coronation which was sold for the benefit of King George's Jubilee Trust, and on the publication of The ivlorning P ost, 1772~1937, Portrait; of a N ewspaper.

Mr. A. B. Hodgson is to be congratulated on his appointment as Headmaster of Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School, York.

The Rev. J. H. Hodson has been appointe¡d on ordination to a curacy at St. John the Divine, Kennington, S.W.9.

The Rev . H. H. Hook has been appointed P erpetu al Curate of Bolvent:o r and T emple, Launceston .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

39

-------~¡--¡

Lieut. A . C. Hordern, Royal Cheshire Regt., was married on May 21 to Miss Peggy Ann Desiree Booth, only daughter of Major a.nd Mrs. Booth, at Gresford Parish Church.

Mr. S. Ig uchi has been appointed to the Foreign Office, Tokyo.

The Rev. A. R. Janes has returned to England after working for several years with the Universities' Mission to Central Africa.

Mr. G. E. Janson-Smith has obtained the Diploma of Education, University of London. He is to be congratulated on his appointment as Master of Rural Studies by the Government ot the Sudan.

Mr. Alan J enkins has been contributing to Punch.

Mr. D. M. John was married in Sunderland on August 27, 1936, to Miss Elsie Isabella Rogers. He has been appointed Deputy Town Clerk of Swindon.

The Rev. D. E. M. G. Jones has been appointed Rector of Montgomery.

The Rev. J. N. Keeling has been appointed a Chaplain in the R.A.F. and is stationed at Gosport.

Mr. L. W. Kennan, R.A.S.C., was promoted Lieutenant on August 30.

The Rev. F. A. J. Lamb has been appointed Rector of Dunboyne and Moyglare, Co. Meath.

Mr. J. Lawless is to be congratulated on passing into the Home Civil Service. H e. has bee n appointed to the Department of Agriculture for Scotland.

The Rev. N. A . H. Lawrance has been appointee! on ordination to a curacy at Beverley Minster.

Mr. J. Lee is with Frederick Braby and Co. Ltd., Tin-plate l'vianufacturers, Ida \Vorks, Deptford.

The Rev. T. A. Littleton has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at Wymondham.

Mr . H. G. Llewellyn, who is with the Asiatic Petroleum Co. Ltd., sailed for Malaya in February and is at Kuala Lumpur . .

Mr. K. D. Luke, Colonial Education Service, has been 'a ppointed an assistant master at Malay College, Kuala Kangsar , Perak.

The Rev. R. B. Lunt has been appointed Vicar of St. Andrew's with St. Mary Magdalene, Maidenhead.

The Rev . LI. R. McDermid has been appointed Vicar of St .

Thomas's, York.

Dr. F. G. Marcham, Professor of English History in Cornell University, is to b e congratulated on the publication of A Histo1'y of England by the Macmillan Company and on the publication of

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

!U -

- --

- -- - - -- - - ---- ---·-- - - - - -

Sources of British Constitutional History (in joint editorship with Dr. Carl Stephenson) by Messrs. Harper and Brothers.

The ·Rev. 0. J. Matthews has been appointee! on ordination to a curacy at Beverley Minster.

Mr. A. P. Morice ha s been gazetted znd Lieut. in the Territorial Army as a University candidate.

The Rev. E. C. Mortimer has been appointed Vicar of Withycombe Raleigh, Exmouth.

Mr. K. A. Muir ·was married on July 18, 1936, to Miss Mary Ewen, B.A., University of Liverpool. He has been appointed Assistant Lecturer in En g lish at the University of Leeds. He is to be congratulated on the publication of Th e Voyage to lllyria (in joint authorship with Mr. J. L. N. O'Loughlin).

Mr. T. V. Nicholson has been appointee! Assistant to the Mineral Manager, Southern Area, L.N.E.R. Mr. W. A. Nield was married on March 6 to Miss Gwyneth Marion Davies, B.A., St. Hilda's College .

Mr. J. L. N. 0 'Loughlin was married in June to Mlle.

Elisabeth Matthey-Doret. He is to be congratulated on the publication of The Voycige to lllyria (in joint authorship with Mr. K. A. Muir).

Mr. H. R. Orton, R.A.S.C., \Vas promoted Lieutenant on August 30.

The Rev. N. A. Perry-Gore has been appointed Vicar of St. Paul's, Arborthorne, Sheffield.

Mr. A. J. Phill ips is to be congratulated on the birth of Anthony Edward John on June 7.

The Rev. E. L. Phillips has been appointed to a curacy at All Saints', Highfield, Oxford.

The Rev. J. E. T. Phillips has been appointed Perpetual Curate of Seend, Wilts.

The Rev. C. A. P laxton has been appointed Vicar of Holy Trinity, Weymouth.

The Rev. R. C. Poston has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St. Mary's, Mistley.

The Rev. E. L. G . Powys, who has been working as a missionary among the Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco, has returned to England and has been appoin ted to a curacy at St. Margaret's, Plum stead .

The R ev. R. E. Priestly has been appointed Rector of St. Michael, Penkevil with Lamorran a nd Merther, Truro.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

41

Mr. 'i\T. Vaughan R eynolds is to be congratulated on the birth of a second son, Peter John, on August 26.

The Rev. F. D . M. Richards is to be congratu lated on the birth of Franc is Stephen John on June 22, 1936.

The Rev. F. N. Robathan has been appointed Rector of St. John-at-Hackney.

Mr. H . C. Rob ertson was promoted in 1935 to b e Commi ssioner for the Northern Region, The National Savings Committee.

Mr. E . G. Rowe, Colonia l Administrative Service, has had named after him a local variety of Forest Thrush, Geo kicul,a ·P·r agg£ae Row ei, found in Loliondo Forest, Tanganyika Territory.

The Rev. S. H. Rum sey h a s b een appointed on his ordination to a curacy at St. P eter's, Leicest.er.

The Rev. C. Sampson has been appointed Vicar of Sutton-atHone, Dartford.

The R ev. J. M. Scutt has been a ppointed R.ector of Worting, Basingstoke.

Mr. B. Seton has been appointed music master at Stockport Grammar School.

The R ev . G. H. Sh a rpe has been appointee! Vicar of Lindridgc, Tenbury .

The R ev. C . C. Shaw has gone to work as assistant-priest with the R ev . N. A. Perry-Gore, recently appointed Vicar of St. Paul' s, Arborthorne, one of the new housing a reas of Sheffield.

Mr. G. L. H. R. Shield is with the firm of Messrs. Norris O a kley Bros . Stockbrokers .

The R ev. F. S. W . Simpson has b een appointed Vicar of St. Ann e 's, Duddeston, Birmingham.

Mr. E. VI. Slaug hter was marri ed on September 4 in Barbados to Miss Th elma Abrams.

The R ev. A. E . Smith has b ee n a ppointed Vica r of Norbiton, Surrey.

The R ev . P. S. Sprent has been appointed Vica r of Weston , near Southampton .

Mr . B. E. Toland h as passed th e Law Society's Final Examin ation and was married on October 2 to Miss Feli city ~heila Salu sbury, d a ug hter of Mr. a nd Mrs. Th elwa ll Salusbury, at All Saints ' , Kimcote, near Rug by.

Mr. M. P. Vidal-Hall has been appointed a Fores t Officer under the Governm ent of the Sudan.

Th e Rev. G. S. W amsley bas been appointed Chaplain and Tutor of Cuddesdon Coll ege .

42

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. E. R. L. Ward, who is a Police Magistrate in Barbados, was appointed by the Governor to be one of the three members of the Commission to enquire into the civil disturbances that broke out in the island during July.

The following Aularians from abroad have visited the Hal) this year :-Mr. \V. E. Andrews (India), the Right Rev. the Bishop of Bermuda, Mr. H. A. Blair (Gold Coast), Mr. J. Bradley (Tanganyika), the Rev. T. H. Croxall (India), the Rev. A. ]. Foster (Ceylon), Mr. R. L. Hill (Sudan), Mr. A. J. Phillips (Nigeria), and Mr. E. G. Rowe (Tanganyika).

\Ne have gathered the following particulars concerning those Aularians who have gone down since the last issue of the NI agazine:

Mr. W. E. Alderson is at King's College Hospital.

Mr. K. C. B. Allott has produced (in joint authorship with Mr. S. Tait) his first novel, The Rhuharb Tree, published by the Cresset Press, and is to be congratulated on its good reception.

Mr. R. Bagnall is at the Bishop's Hostel, Lincoln.

Mr. A. C. Bailey is reading for the Cambridge Teaching Certificate at University College, Hull.

Mr. A. J. Beck has been appointed an assistant master at Boston Grammar School.

Mr. K. Brooks bank has been appointed an assistant master at Hulme Grammar School, Oldham.

Mr. 0. T. Bro\\¡n has been appointed an assistant master . at .-\rd V reek, Crieff.

Mr. G. M. Burnett is with Messrs. McKelvie & Tyron, Solicitors, vVhitchurch, reading for the Law Society's Final Examination.

Mr. J. C. Cain is with Erwin \Vasey and Co. Ltd., Advertising Agents.

Mr. M. J. D. Carmichael is at St. Stephen's House.

Mr. ]. D. Carr is at the Oxford House, Be\hnal Green.

Mr. C. A. J. Cox has been appointed an assistant master at Spring Grove Secondary School, Isleworth.

Mr. H. G. Dawber js reading for a Diploma in Education at the University of Manchester.

Mr~ E. F. Foxton has been gazetted znd Lieutenant in the Army Educational Corps.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

43

Mr. F. H. Frankcom has been gazetted 2nd Lieutenant in thc> Army Educational Corps.

J. B. Harvey is on the staff of the Oxford 1'vfoil.

Mr. A. J. Healey has been appointed an assistant master at

Mr.

the Crypt School, Gloucester.

Mr. G. A. Hughes is at the Theological College, Wells.

Mr. F. R. Mountain is with Messrs. \i\lood, McLellan and Williams, Solicitors, Chatham, reading for the Law Society's Fina1 Examination.

Mr. D. V. Orton has been appointed Student Assistant to the Advisory Agricultural Ecopomist, King's College, Newcastle-onTyne.

Mr. J. L. Pinniger is at St. Thomas' Hospital.

Mr. K M. Roberts is at the Church Hostel, Bangor.

Mr. J. N. Shaw has been appointed a student-coach at Fredensborg Physical Training College, Copenhagen.

Mr. H. T. Shergold is teaching at Cheltenham Grammar School.

Mr. A. P. L. Slater is reading for a Diploma in Education at King's College, London.

Mr. J. C. Stephenson is at Chichester Theological College.

Mr. E. F. A. Suttle has been appointed organist at Christ Church, Bournemouth.

Mr. D. R. Tasscll is at Wycliffe Hall.

Mr. D. M. Thomas is at the Oxford House, Bethnal Green.

Mr. B. \i\T. \i\lhitlow js at \iV estcott House, Cambridge.

Mr. E. L. \iVright has been appointed an assistant master at the College of St. Columba, Rathfarnham, Dublin.

During the year the following Aularians have been ordained : -

Deacons.-]. E. Frame (Ripon); J. H. Hodson (Southwark); N. A. H. Lawrance (York); T. A. Littleton (Norwich); 0.

J. Matthews (York) ; R. C. Poston (Chelmsford); S. H. Rumsey (Leicester).

Priests.-Rev. G. T. Brett (Bradford); Rev. R. G. R. Calvert Southwark) Rev. F. M. A. Farrer (Carlisle); Rev. P. N. Longridge (London); Rev. R. J. Lowe (London); Rev. J. Lowe (London); Rev. J. E. Mowll (vVakefield); Rev. C. R. Oilier (Chester).

44

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

SOCIETIES, 1937 DEBATING SOCIETY. HILARY TERM,

1937.

President- R. L. SHARP. Vice-Pr.esiclent-D. E. NEWELL. Secretary-A. C.

\NACE.

The Hilary Term is usually an unfortunate one for the Society ; Schools are impending for those in their third year, second year people have found other methods of activity, and freshmen can no longer be intimidated. We were fortunate, therefore, in having three meetings with other Colleges and one with the Senior Common Room. At the first meeting of term the 'hearty' and ' arty ' points of view were put respectively by E. C. \!Vhitaker and ]. C. Cain, ably seconded by M. J. Forster and J. C. Stephenson. Lady Margaret Hall were our guests for the second meeting of term. J. Plant chivalrously proposed that 'The hand that rocks the cradle .rules the world ' ; his opponent rivalled him in urbanity and A. C. \!Vace supported her with sound arguments and imitations of Robertson Hare. The liveliness of the subsequent discussion was largely due to our guests who, we admit with shame, were in a majority. The motion was ultimately lost by one vote.

For the third meeting we visited \!Vadham and discussed the motion: ' It was a pity that Columbus discovered America'; there were some interesting speeches, but the general conclusion was that it was a pity that many speeches were not curtailed. When members of the Senior Common Room visited us for our fourth meeting, Dr. Hunt, seconded by the Secretary, proposed, and the Rev. J. N. D. Kelly, seconded by A. R. Duncan-Jones, opposed the motion 'That this House prefers the flesh and blood of the theatre to things crawling about on a sheet.' The first two speakers, in their different styles, combined effectively personal attack, subtle humour and clever arguments; it is merciful that such methods are reserved for debates and not used in tutorials. For the last meeting of term we were able to send four representatives to the Eglesfield Society of Queen's; these included our two speakers, ]. W. King and S. H. Hoffman. The former's magniloquence at all previous debates was rewarded by opposing the motion ' That this House envies its grandchildren.'

Every debate of the term had the making of an interesting evening; but paucity of numbers, coupled with a general lack of interest, made a sorry tale of Oxford's oldest Debating Society.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

45

Elections for Michaelmas Term: President, A . C. vVace; VicePresident, R.R . Rylands ; Secretary, S. H. Hoffman.

R.L.S. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-A. C. WAcE .

Vice -P1'esident-R.

R. RYLANDS.

Secretcvry-S.

H. HOFFMAN.

The term started with the usual apprehensions as to the attendance at th e debates , and it was therefore a pity that the first one, at which there was quite a large house, was so poor. The subject, 'That this House considers it better to be a cad than a worm,' was mainly responsible for this. Even J. Plant, in opposing the motion, found difficulty, and had to r esort to his celebrated aunt.

As for the House, the Grand Patriarch had what must have been the busiest eve ning in the career of any holder of that office .

The next debate was far better and was well attended, perhaps because there were three Blues speaking, while the fourth speaker was well known for his trench ant and witty style . J. P. Burrough, seconded by G. ] . P. Merifield, moved that ' Oxford is a decadent institution,' and J. A. Brett and W. ]. H. Liversidge opposed it.

The standard of deba te throughout was high, a nd on division the motion was defeated.

In the Freshmen's D eb ate the motion ' That there are too many societies in Oxford ' was also lost. This proved to be an interesting evening, a nd the principal speakers were competent if lacking in brilliance. D.R. Rankin is able but his delivery is rather a pologeti c and colourless; H . K. Girling is a capable speaker and h as the g ift of being able to deviate gracefully from the straight path of logic. L. D. A. Baro n has a clear an d incisive style, but \;ve have not yet heard him depart from his autobiography. The most forceful speaker is A. W . Fowler, who supported the Secretary in a motion close to th e la tter's heart, ' That what we learn in school is practically useless in after life.' Opposed by P. W. Smith !and G. R. R. East, the sincerity of the movers only failed by one vote to convince the house.

The numbers rose again when a joint debate was held with St. Hilary's. The ladies were outnumbered by two to one and, except fo r good speeches from their principal speakers, were rather reticent and retiring. vVhether it was this fact, inspiring fatherly feelings in t he gentlemen present, or whether the bogey of lost motions still haunted them, the President, moving that ' This House would rat her have a son than a daug hter,' was pa ined to find the majority in favour of daughters.

!6

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

The term was brought to a fitting conclusion when we were the guests of Lady Margaret Hall. The 'chercher la femme ' motif was again followed, the motion being that ' Men are clay and women make mugs of them.' G. L. Thomas heroically fulfilled the role of third speaker, and the Vice-President opposed the motion with a sound speech and a neat little piece of verse as peroration. From a large house most of the remaining speeches were rather rambling; nevertheless the evening \Vas a success, although on division the gentlemen unanimously refused to admit the charge contained in the motion. vVh ether this was according to their innermost convictions we cannot tell - or ra ther, it is outside the scope of this report.

The term has been encouraging in several ways, 1and it is to be hoped that this is a portent of yet greater interest being shown.

Elections for the Hilary Term: Pnsident, R. R. Rylands; Vice-President, S. H. Hoffman; Secretary, A. vV. Fowler.

A.C.W. ESSAY SOCIETY . .

HILARY TERM,

President - V./. H.

1937.

MITCHELL.

Opening the term, E. L. vVright in his essay, 'More Light,' turned the searchlight of his analysis upon the sickness of contemporary society, ;a nd revealed that modern man is decadf'nt, because his faculty for criticism has outgrown his faculty for construction; he is futile, because he sees the objection to any course of action before he can begin it.

This criticism, we are thankful to say, can hardly be levelled against the Society. We no longer sneer; we crusade. vVe may be quick to find fault; but we arc hardly less ,eager to suggest remedies. ln the second essay of the term, ' Deus ex Machina,' ]. 'V. King warned us that Divine Right was not something comfortably confined within the covers of the history books. Delegated legislation was setting up a new tyrant in the land. The essayist deplored this, but went on to suggest a practical course of action, which included a reform of the legal system.

'Two Utopias,' the President's essay, was a consideration of the social criticism of St. Thomas More and William Morris, as set forth in their respective Utopias.

R. E. Raynor's 'The Rope of Ocnus ' dealt with the everprese nt thre at of "\Var. Everybody realised that peace was neces-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE sary, if our civilisation was to continue . But they did not realise that the only remedy \vas ~vholesale psychological disarmament, and the creation, through educati on, of a new international m entality.

In salutary and sobering contrast to the preceding essays came S. R. Dunlap's 'The Squirrel Cage. ' Poets and literary men, he argued - h e was too polite to a dd essayi sts - make bad stateplanners. Pantisocr acy, the undergraduate dream of a new society that inspired South ey a nd Coleridge, did more credit to their hearts tha n to their heads. Perhaps it was as weil that the dream vvas never reali sed , for, in contrast, the Brook Farm experiment put theories into practice, a nd the theo ries did not survive the ordeal.

J. B. H arvey closed the term with an appeal for a new approach to literature. He cal.lcd his essay ' Man in Movem ent .' The novelist. he insisted, must study m a n; but not man in a vac uum, for thi s would be to exclude fro m the study of cha rac ter data that is essential to the comprehension of motives. Man must be studied in the social and political movements that condition his menta lity. Yet there must be no unreal simplification, no facile regimentation of charac ter, division of Communist sheep from Capitalist goats, for this would be to stres s movement at th e expense of man.

G. "\Morth was elected President for the Mic haelmas T erm .

W.H.M. MI CHAEU1AS TERM.

President - G.

WORTH.

The essays this term showed a m arked degree of originality, and one felt that the author had never drawn inspiration directly from a book. The literary standa rd on the whole was not brilliant; a desire to present facts outstripped what should be one of the purposes of an essay, the desire to present them in an attractive dress. Neverth eless, accuracy and t idiness of statement, both valuable qualities, we re achieved, a nd these suited the sternly prac tical tone of the Society, which displayed active interest in discussion rather than idle c uriosity or a desire to b e entertained by delicate writing . Consequently the essayists had no difficulty in transmitting their enthusiasm to the a udience, a nd the discussion kept to the subject in a n unprecedented degree.

The swing of the pendulum away from literary and artistic s ubjects, and the avoidance of t itles cryptic to an affected extent, are furth er signs of the prevailing tone of the Society. The Muses will, one hopes; soon make their appearance again, for provided they are not tainted w ith t he foetid odo ur of Schools, they are

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE admirably suited to the essay form; and it would be a mistake to allow politics to claim the undivided attention of the Society .

In the opening ess,a y this term, H. V. James gave a statement 'of the pacifist position, followed by som e well-directed criticisms which pierced its armour and disabled its big guns to some extent; but in the course of discussion one or two pacifists, fighting as on ly pacifists can, showed that p acifism is impregnable if one can only make the necessary act of faith.

W. S. Mills in 'Land without Music ' examined the continental v iew that the English have always been unmusical, and by copious quotation showed dearly how great is our musical heritage, at least down to 1800. After that date th ere was ~l falling off, and the Society felt grave concern for the future, in spite of the reassurance of some members who hoped that b eneath the popular forms of jazz a current of great music was flowin g .

In 'The Path of Glory' H. A. F. R adley exposed Fascism in a ll its nakedness as an economic organisation called in to save capitalism in its decline, parading in a psyc holog ical fig -leaf of prestige and a tissue of race myths. The discussion which followed not unnaturally developed into a battl e of hammer and sickle against Hakenkreuz, an d ended, as these arg uments generally do, in a draw.

V. C . H . Brown's essay struck a very different note. It was an account of the life and work of Kingsley Fairbridge; his sch eme for takir1g boys from the squalor of the East End and training them on farm schools in the open tracts of the Dominions had resulted in many hundreds being successfully placed in a land w hich had need of them. The work was hampered only by the inadequacy of financial support from the government. The sin cerity of the essayist and the nobility of his sub.iect made this a most effective essay.

R. R.. Rylands' 'Cloud-capp'd Towers' was another essay of unusual interest ; it traced the history of castle-building in England, a nd the causes of its eventual decline. The two great virtues of this essay were that it was illustrated by many photographs and it was delivered by one who h ad made th e subj ect his hobby, an d succeeded in impartin g his keenness to all present.

At the 25oth meeting of the Society the President read his essay ' Dialectic,' in which be attempted to show the evolution of dialectical methods and their importance in the philosophi es of Hegel and Marx.

H. V. }ames was elected Pre sident for the Hil arv Term.

G.\iV.

ST. EDMUND HALL I\l AGAZINE

49

JOHN OLDHAM SOC IETY. HILARY TERM, 1937¡

President- J. C. CAIN. Sec1'etary- \V. J. H. LIVERSIDGE. Janua ry, 1937, found the Society in th e throes of a serious financial crisis; in fact it seemed that no bills could hav e been pa id for some considerable time. Nevertheless the m embers, at an emergency business . meeting, decided to a bandon the luxury of fixture cards and raise the subscription in order to balance th e budget and retrieve t he good name of the Society which their predecessors had serious impaired in the eyes of the Drama Leag ue .

Seven meetings we re held in the Hilary Term, including one in c onjunction with Lady Margaret Hall at which 'Rookery Nook' was read. The reading throughout' the term vvas well up to the Society's standard, but special mention mus t be made of A. R. Duncan-} ones' performance as Horner in ' The Coup try vVife ' and B. F. A . Geoghegan's reading as Absalon in John Masefield's 'The vVitch.' The fixtures for the term ended with a visit to the J .C.R. of the Oxford University Home Students, a t which R eginald Berkely's 'The Lady with a Lamp' was reacl. As usual , th e ladies proved themselves the more competent readers.

D. E. Newell was elected Secretary for the ensuin g term.

W.J.H.L. TRINITY TERM .

Secr eta.r y-D. E . NEWELL. President-W. J. H. LrvER SlDGE. Fortnightly meetings were held during the summer, two of which were held in conjunc tion with ladies' societies. A. J. Beck made a >.velcome r eturn with a spirited performance in ' The Taming of the Shrew,' which was read with the St. Hugh's Dramatic Club. 'Arms and the Man' and 'The \iVhite Chatea u' we re read at the next two meetings , while the activities of the Society ended with a visit to La dy Margaret Hall, where Saki's 'The Watched Pot' was read with a thunderstorm raging o utside.

In the words of the Secretary taken from the Minute Book : ' Brilliantly witty dialogue, a quaint plot , and an astonishing denouement, added to fair company, a hot evening, and Jove's fir e, rang .clown the cu rtain at the encl of another s uccessful year.'

W.J.H.L. i\hcHAELMAS TERM.

President- D. E. NEWELL.

Secretary-]. H. MAYNE. In a courageous attempt to restore something¡ of summer's :sun shine, and in accorda nce with the almost inva riable practice of

50

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - - -- ··----

- · - - --

opening the term with Noel Coward, the Society recommenced its career with ' Hay Fever '-a malady which, in this case, provoked nothing more disconcerting than frequent bouts of laughter. Thus the histrions of the Hall were fortified to cope with the mingled fantas y and gloom, irony and benevolence of G. K. Chesterton in his play, ' Magic.' This produced some good reading, but the next meeting did not proceed with quite the merry fluency which the title of the play read would suggest; ' Musical Chairs,' by Ronald Mackenzie, however, is a difficult piece, whose extraordinary characters defy inexperienced attempts at interpretation.

The following week t he Society had the pleasure of entertaining the Somerville Dramatic Society at a reading of Priestley's ' The Roundabout,' a delightful play containing two charming elderly gentlemen, one dreadful old lady, ·o ne very nauseating Russophile, and o ne more pleasant lady Communist-the whole providing an excellent evening's amusement.

And so to the weighty dicta, crushing satire and curious frivolity of Shaw's 'The Apple Cart,' the reading of which was honoured by the presence of the Principal as King Magnus and the Senior Tutor as Proteus. The Society will long· recall with emotion a moving scene between th e Principal under his royal guise and the President as the overwhelming Orinthia; and "lvill recollect with admiration the timely rages of Proteus.

The term's activities were happily rounded off by a reading of Ivor Novello's 'Fresh Fields' with the St. Hilarv's Dramatic Soc iety.

D.E.N. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY. TRINITY TERM,

President-B. F. A.

GEOGHEGA N .

1937.

Secretary-S. R.

DUNLAP.

THE EIGHTS \VEEK CONCERT.

Owing to an unfortunate lapse in the weather the Concert could not be held in the Quadrangle, as had bee n arranged, and consequently the programme had to be altered, a s it would have been impossible to perform Country Dances in the Hall.

The programme commenced with Ernest \;\Talker's 'vValtz Suite ' for two pianos, play eel by E. F. A. Suttle and Rhodes Dunlap. This was a delightful perforrnatice, and we were very lucky to hayc two such able p.ianists-it is a pity we shall not be able to hear them together again in the Hall. Following this Mr. Edward Manning came to the rescue by singing a group of songs. A mere

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

51

list of the names would be of little use, but those who were present showed their appreciation of Mr. Manning's really artistic and beautiful performance. Then Mr. Huff of St. Catherine's Society, who nobly consented to help us after very little notice, demonstrated the charm of the Viola d'Armore . Probably this instrument was 1 new to most of us, but this made it none the less attractive. Before 1 the interval Miss Barbara Cass also kindly sang a group of Engfish songs. This was not the first time that Miss Cass had sung for us, and we hope that it will not be the last. Her rendering was consistently deli g htful.

After the interval came Brahms's song-cycle, the 'Zigenerlieder. ' We were fortunate in having Miss Cass and Mr. Manning to take the solo parts, and also members of Somerville College, to whom we are very grateful for helping us in the chorus. Though the Quadrangle would have provide.] an ideal setting for these songs, they were performed very well indeed in the more confined space of the Hall.

Our thanks are due to all those who helped us in this Concert.

B.F.A .G. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-S. R.

DUNLAP.

Secretary-].

SHIPWRIGHT.

MICHAELMAS TERM CONCERT.

This was held on December rst and the whole programme was performed by members of the Hall. The usual high standmd was evident, and considering the variety of items, it is a credit 1o the Hall that so much tal ent was shown.

The first item was two movements of Mozart's Piano Trio in G: N. J. Strachan, violin; H. A. F. Radley, 'cello; and J. Shipwright, piano. This was a happy beginning to th e programme. Next was a group of five songs by English composers, sung by D. M. Thomas. Thomas' voice is very suitable to. the Hall, and we are extremely g rateful to him, particularly as he came up 'from London for the occasion. Next came two pieces for violin and piano, performed by N. J. Strachan and E. vV . Harrison; Haydn's Allegro from the Violin Concerto in G, and a Minuet by Grazioli. Before the interval there was a group of madrigals, which seemed a s popular as ever. Here it must be said that we are particularly grateful to Dr. and Mrs. Irving, who very kindly allowed us to practice at their house.

After the interval the President gave a brillian t performance of Two Rhapsodies (in G minor and E flat major) by Brahms. The

62

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE - - - - - --

- -- - - ------

- --- ~ -----

thunderous applause which greeted this was well deserved, and it seemed that the audience would not be satisfied even with the two encores which he played-Chopin's Fantastic Impromptu and Mendelssohn's Scherzo in E minor.

Another encore was demanded after H. A . F. Radley and N. Bartleet (piano) had played Arne's Sonata for Piano and 'Cello,and a little-known piece by Hamilton Harty-' A \iVistful Song.' After this came a group of carols sung by the Madrigal Singers. The singing showed sympathy with the varied types of the ca1'ols, and obviously it had resulted from much practice. Finally Dr. Irving and Mr. Ramsey at the piano gave an exhilarating rendering of four parts of William Walton's 'Fa<;:ade' Suite, arranged for the piano by Constant Lambert, in accompaniment to a inost effective rendering of poems of Edith Sitwell by B. W. Cave-BrowneCave through a megaphone. They are heartily to be congratlilated on this performance, a tour de force which will long be remembered.

The Gramophone Society has been holding meetings throughout the year, with good attendance. Our thanks are due to the Principal once more for so kindly allowing the Society to use his drawingroom and his gramophone. It i~ not possible here to give any idea of the varied programmes which have been performed. B.F.A.G. THE MAKERS' SOCIETY. HILARY TERM,

President-S . R.

DUNLAP.

1937.

Secretary-R. L.

SHARP.

The first meeting of the term was addressed by Mr. John Padman, a Rhodes Scholar of Balliol College, who took as his subject ' Making Poetry in Australia.' Mr. Padman first analysed the particular problems which confront the poetry of a young nation, and then recounted some of his own recent experiences in Australia, where, as a teacher in a school, he had encouraged the writing of verse by boys aged from thirteen to sixteen years. The steps by which these boys, after overcoming their initial shyness, formed an appreciation of good literature and finally came to take up writing on their uwn account provided a very interesting narrative; and even more remarkable were some of the verses themselves, from which Mr. Padman read a liberal selection. There followed a general discussion as to whether the ability to write poetry is always in itself a desirable acquisition; on this point opinions were not easily reconciled .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

53

The Society's Magazine Meeting, a week later, was devo ted to reading and criticizing a number of poems written by Bailey, Allott, Wright, Newell and Sharp. A few pieces were of excellent quality, though mos t of the contributions probably did not represent the best work of their authors. An overflow from a Bump Supper brought this meeting to an early close.

Mr. Victor Rienaecker, at the final meeting of the term, endeavou red to formu late an answer to the question, ' In what w ay h:as the East influenced the form and contei1t of European literature?'

There are, Mr. Rienaecker pointed out, two opposing conceptions of man. In the West, he bears the image of God and stands a little lower than the angels; in the East he is altogether an humbler member among created things. Yet through the medium of art and literature the emotion al values and th e beauty of both of these concepts can be combined and reconciled; and, though literature has in this respect lagged behind the fine arts, the spirit of the East can be â&#x20AC;˘ felt in Wordsworth, in Walt Whitman, and in some later poets.

The general discussion period which followed Mr. Rienaecker's talk was long enough to deal specifically with only a few of these very interesting suggestions . Yet, though nothing of real importance was brought down to earth, it was felt that this expedi t ion into the clouds of speculation had well justified itself, if only for the exciting ride.

S.R.D. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President- R. L.

SHARP.

Sec-reta,r y-E. W.

H ARR ISON.

The first meeting of the term was held on October 28th . The Rev . M. R. Ridley, of Bal1iol, spoke on 'Kipling,' considering him in the light of the more important matter of style, and showing what a small part ' Jingoism ' played in the bulk of hi s work. A small selection from verse and prose showed an outstanding diversity and competence of technique. Kipling admired work well done in every branch of life, a nd for this reason 'The Day's vVork' is the most representative title a s well as the most representative volume of hi s short stories, b y ¡which his fame will ultimately stand. A lively discussion ended a very interesting meeting lasting over two and a half hours.

The name of the Society was justified at the Magazin e meeting o n November rgth. S. R. Dunlap contributed three poems, which showed a wealth of imagery and inventive management of vocabulary; one of thes was a surrealist poem, which, when explained by the author, proved not only comprehensive but very witty. A. C .

Wace was represented by a short story a nd two poems; the former

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE exhibited ease of technique and an original ending, and the latter a versatility that should develop into flowing and original verse. P. vV. Smith contributed an' And How' story, in the manner of Rudyard Kipling, which told the story of primev al origins of U niversity functions. M . S. Preston's poems were marked by a refreshing clarity and polished expression. J. H. Mayne's single free-verse poem was excellent prose, even in the opinion of the author. C. R .

B . Quentin contributed two short stories which provided, without doubt, the literary peak of the evening; in tuitive sense of style, and facile grasp of situation and character make us hope t hat we sha ll see more of this author's work. Finally R. R. Rylands read us a scurrilous satire on various members of the Society; the spontaneity of laughter showed that it well succeeded in its particular ' g enre.'

On November 26th Mr. W. A. Darlington, the Daily Telegraph Dram atic Critic, g ave an interesting talk on ' Pl ay Appreciation.'

He explained fully the position of th e critic, and by theo ry and anecdote emphasized essential s of his own profession, a nd necessary qualities of the dram a . He corrected false opi n ion s of his art, with the au thority of one who sees two hundred pl ays a year , a nd has don e so for over eighteen years .

The following new members were elected: E . P . M. El liott, P. W. Smith, J. H. Mayne, M. S. Preston, B . A. R og ers .

Elections for the Hilary Term were: President , E. W. H arrison; Secretary, W . A. Jarvis.

R .L.S .

THE LIDDON S OCIE T Y .

1HILARY TERM,

Chai r1nan-E. M.

ROBERTS.

1937.

Secretary-] .

LYTH ..

In accordance with its usual custom the Li ddon Society made a Corporate Communion on two occasions during the term. A service of prepara tio n was held in the Chapel on the evening before each Communion.

The first meeting was addressed by the Rev . D r. H. L. Goudge, Regius P rofessor of Divinity, who spoke about the Guidance of God. Dr. Goudge outlined the four types of g¡ui dance which may affect man. Man can be g uided by instinct , by reason and conscience, his actions may be dictated by uprushes from his subconscious mind, or he m ay endeavour to make hi s mind blank and allow God to influence him . Dr. Goudge expl ained that each type of guida nce had its part to play in the ordering of a man's life, although the last is the most important and th e most neg lected.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

55

The second meetii'1g was concerned with the problem s of the Chur.ch as an organisation which derives its money from property, and has to pay its own employees . The Chaplain criticized the sources which supply much of the income of the Church-mining royalti es and tithe. The allocation of the money is not parti cularly Christian : large vicarages are maintained which belong to a standard of living incompatible with the life of a priest. There are in equ ali ties in the stipends of clergy who are subject to the sam e expenses. The Chaplain finished a vigoro us address by sketching- a scheme for the rearrangement of the Church's finan ce on a busi nesslike basis.

The last meeting of the term was addressed by the Rev. A. M .

Hollis, who spoke of Christianity in Indi a . Mr . Hollis reviewed the history of missions to India, and described the work which he had been doing . In the past it had been the method of the missionary to supply the native with trouser s and a Bible, thus giving him the best of Western civilization with his Christianity . The results of the system were often absurd. It is now realised that there is much in the native culture which is worth preservation, and can b e tr ansform ed for t he service of God. The future of the Church in In dia lies in the co-operation of the English with the Indian priest , each doing those things which the other is unfitted to do .

P.A.H.F. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Chairman-].

LYTH.

SeC'retary-P. A. H.

FARRA:-JT.

The Corporate Communions of the term \Vere made on two Saints' Days- SS . Simon and Jude, and St. Edmund .

The Society w as to have b een honoured by the presence of the Bis hop-designate of Oxford, at its fit¡st meeting. U nfortu nately illness prevented Dr. Kir k from speaking: accordingly the meeting was cancelled.

Fr. Kent iiVhite gave a n interesting address at the second m eeting, based upon bis experience as iiV arden of the Hostel of the Good Sh epherd, at Tredegar: The wo rk that was carried on there was rather 'first aid' than a cure for unemployment. After Fr . Kent h ad described the appalling conditions of the unfortunate people who have been out of work for many years, the meeting was thrown open for questions. Most of th e question s dealt w ith the causes of the continued unemploy ment in such areas as Tredegar, as well as w ith the efforts made by the Church to relieve the hardship which resu 1ts from it.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE At its last meeting of the term the members of the Society were addressed by the Headquarters Chaplain of an organization which has been flourishing for forty years, but whose exist e nce is comparatively unknown. The Actors' Church Union ex ists to supply stage folk with spiritual necessities, and as far as possible to assist them to obtain peace of mind, by relieving them of anxiety in such matters as the care of t heir children when they are on tour. The Rev. F. D. M. Richards-a former member of the Hall-showed the connection of the Church w ith the Theatre in the history of England. That connection had been broken off for more than two cen turies before it was remade in the formation of this Union. The speaker had to answer a large number of questions about his work before the meeting ended at a later hour than usual. \iV e have to thank the late Vice-Principal for his hospitality to the Society, and his successor for continuing the tradition .

P.A.H.F. DIOGENES CLUB. HILARY TERM,

President-\i\T. S.

MILLS.

1937.

Secntary-S. R.

DUNLAP.

At the first m eeting on January 25th, A. C. Bailey and M. C. English opened a discussion on ' Wither O xford ' ; those present revealed a willingness to criticize Oxford in certain details but a considerable confidence in the soundness of the system as a whole.

The discussion at the seventieth meeting of the Club was opened

by A. \iV. W. vVatson and E. G. Curtis, and was concerned with the theory of punishment under the classica l title 'Lex Talionis.'

The case for reformatory punishment was put so convincingly that no attempt was made to defend any alternative view, and members were chiefly concerned with the treatment of political offenders in the U.S.S.R . rn1d the probable efficacy of public opinion alone as a deterrent from c rime.

Under the puzzling title 'Third Party Risks,' D. M. M. Carey and J. \ iV. Dowding opened a discussion on the divorce question .

Few were in favour of the indi ssolubility of marriage. Topics discussed included the proper translation of the relevant Biblical texts, and present divorce laws in the Soviet Union and the United States.

At the final meeting of the term on March 6th, Mr. A. N. Dakin, of t he Queen' s and University Colleges, addressed the Society on the subject 'Ethica.' After a comprehensive survey of the ancient ethical ¡writings of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, the speaker pleaded for an enlighten ed Utilitarianism to such good effect that there was

ST. EDivlUND HALL MAGAZINE

57

a complete unanimity of agreement with his conclusions, and it was regretted that no genuine ethical idealist was present to provide a prey for the assembled intellects.

Although many members failed to attend more than on e meeting during the term, discussion was always lively and interesting .

W.S.M. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-S . R.

DU NLAP.

Sec'l' etary-:-J.

MclVlANNEHS.

During the Michaelma s Term the Diogenes Club have temporarily neglected probler:ns or art, literature, and philosophy to grapple with the tougher complexities of the social scene. Censorship, masquerading under the classically inspired title of ' Kens. Pot.,' provided a lively subject for the first discussion, which was introduced by A. C. vVace and R. R. Rylands. The second meeting turned attent ion to' Socialism on the Offensive,' with H. V. James expounding Marxist accomplishment and H. A. F. Radley acting as a vigourous but not unsympathetic interlocutor. The discussion produced interesting definitions of democracy; some of them sounded faintly Pickwickian . A. J. Lee, at the third meeting, talked on ' D ecadence ' in its historical implications; the picture was a gloomy one, but N . .f. Strachan, in adding his interpretation of the decadent present, expressed unshakable faith in ultimate human p rogress. The final meeting was addressed by Dr. H. R. Bowen, of the State University of Iowa, whose subject was 'The Planned Society in a Dilemma .'

Economic planning, said Dr. Bowen, implies Socialism, but Socialists have not yet developed an economic calculus that will make intelligen t planning possible. Russia to-day uses the price-basis of capitalistjc countries in guiding its ow:n economy; in a sociali stic world, however, this makeshift would no longer serve. D r. Bowen' s talk was brilli ant and provocative, and it is most regrettable that this meeting, like others throughout the term, should have b een only indifferently attended. But despite the sm all nu mber of participants, the spirited discussion wh ich closed this m eeting¡ was probably the best in the recent history of the Club.

S .R.D. THE FRENCH SO C IETY. HI LARY TERM,

Pvesident- B. R.

COATES .

1937.

S ec reta-ive-A.

HOLDEN.

La Societe s'est reunie six fois au cours du trimestre . A la premiere reunion qui eut lieu le mardi 26 janvier, nous avons Ju 'Le Jeu de !'amour et du H asard,' piece de l\lfarivaux, et on a

58

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

beaucoup apprecie la delicatesse et la gaite de cette comedie. Les deux debats, le prerriier sur la question de J.a conscription, le second sur celle de l'education universitaire n'ont pas manq ue de provoquer de tres vives discussions. La motion que '_;u la situation actuel!e en Europe la conscription est necessaire en Angleterre ' etait perdue d'une voix seulement, !'eloquence de J. M. U. Robins et H. E. Pope , qui ont presente le point de vue pacifique, l ' ayant emportl~ s ur les arguments de B. A. Rogers et A . Holden. La seconde motion 'Que nous approuvons le systeme actuel d' education universitaire' eta it gagne par une g rande maj orite . La conversation tomp a naturellement sur les etudes linguistiques, et, sauf la partie du cours qui comprend la lang ue ancienne et qui etait severernent critiq uce, tout le rnonde semblait en etre content. Le jeudi _1 1 fevrier no us avons accepte !'invitation de la Societe Frarn;:aise de St. Hilary ' s College, et no us avons passe u ne soiree tres agreable . Nous avo ns lu le 'Tartuffe' de Moliere. M. le professeur Rudler a lu le n)le de Tartuffe et son interpretation vivace etait bea ucoup appreciee . La sernaine suivante nous avons lu le ' Cyrano de Bergerac 路 d e .

Rostand, et la societe a terrnine ses activites du trimestre avec un d iner splendide qui a eu lieu le mardi 2 mars. M. le President a souh aite le bienvenu it notre hote de Ja soiree , M. le Docteur Hun t .

G . J. P. Courtney et L. I. Stowe nous ont a muses avec des chansons. On !' a trouve une conclusion tres apte aux activites d e la societe penda nt ce trimestre.

A .H. T RINITY TERM .

Pres ident-A

H OLDE N. 路

Secr6taire-D. H.

CLIBBORN.

La socil'te ne s'est re uni e q u'une seule fo is pendant le trimestre cause des autres diversions nornb reuses qui se sont offertes pen dant le b eau temps. Nous avons ete tres tiers de recevoir la visite de M. Stefan, comm de tout le rnonde cornme le professeur de Frarn;:ais du B.B. C. Le s uj et de son Discours etait ' Quelques Refl exions sur l'Angleterre . ' II a raconte comment il etait trouble. quand, en jcune etudiant, il a mis le pied pour la prerniere fois en Ang路leterre, et qu'il a lu clans les journa ux ' Coll apse of Kent.' II a et e u n plaisir sensible pour to ut le monde de voir cct h om me don t nou s connaissions tous si bien la voix.

A.H.

~\

MI CHAELMAS TERM.

P路r esident-D. H.

CLIBBORN .

Sec retaii-e-G . R. R .

EAST.

Ce trirnestre a ete d'ur,_e extrem e activite pour la soci ete . Les deux reunions Jes plu s importa ntes ont eu lieu a I' occasion d es visites de M. le professeur Rudler et de M. R. C. Johnston. Le cliscours

ST. EDMUND HALL l\IAGAZINE

59

tres interessant que nous a fait M. RLtdler au sujet d'un ecrivain de la litterature frarn;:aise moderne, s'intitulait ' Un remede aux maux presents: le retour du rornancier Jean Giono a la vie primitive.'

NI. Rudler s'est bien servi de ses grandes facultes de la critique pour juger du ·rnerite de Giono, et, cornrne toujours , nous a fait une exposition admirable tant des problemes de Ja vie rnoderne qu'envisag·e cet auteur que de la maniere quelquc peu fantaisiste dont il veut les resoudre. Dr. Hunt a assiste a cette reunion et a chaleureusernent remercie M. Rudler pour l'arnitie qu'il a toujours ternoignee pour la societe.

La causerie que nous a faite M. Johnston a ete d'une allure toute differente; intitulee, ' Quelques croyances bizarres des Franc;:ais moyenageux,' elle nous a de·crit d'une fac;:on instructive et amusante \c'etait une conference ternperee du vif sens d'humeur pour lcquel M. Johnston est tres connu) quelques-unes des croyances et des superstitions auxquelles ajoutaient foi Jes Franc;:ais de l'epoque medievale, et nous a dernontre que chez des gens plus rnodernes, sinon plus intelligents, ces idees subsistent encore.

Cette reunion a ete honoree par la presence de plusieurs membres de la ' Society of Home Students,' avec qui, la semaine anterieure, nous avions Ju ' Madame Sans Gene,' de Sardon et Moreai?: Une autre piece, 'Les Precieuses Ridiniles' de Moliere, a aussi ete Jue a la premiere reunion du trirnestre.

La societe a aussi tenu un debat, ' Que voyager en France vaut rnieux que de voyager en Allemagne '; et J. P. de C. Meade a entame une discussion animee au sujet de Royalisrne franc;:ais, a la cause duquel ii paralt solidernent attache.

Le comite a ete compose de H. A. F. Radley, R. L ister et 'V. H . Huntington.

D.H.C. THE MOOT CLUB. 1937.

Secreta1'y-A. W.

HILARY TERM,

President-F. R.

MOUNTAIN.

,V, 'VATSON.

It was found possible only to hold one meeting this term. This was held in J. vV. Dowding's lodg ings on Friday, February I2.

The case argued in front of Mr. T .. H. Tylor, of Balliol College, representing the House· of Lords, was an appeal from Hardie and Lane v. Chilton . The facts found were that Capt. Lane ap.d Capt.

Hardie -vvere directors of a motor-car sale-room. They were also members of the Motor Trade Association. This Association possessed the power to place on its stop-list any member·s who infringed its regulations by selling cars at prices lower than those

tiO

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

agreed by the Association. A representative of the Association called on Messrs. Hard ie and Lane and bought from them a car at a price less than that agreed upon by the M.T.A . The M.T.A., . through Mr. Chilton, communicated with them .and informed them that unless they would agree to repurchase the car at list price, sign and pay for the insertion in a trade journal · an undertaking not to sell again at less than list price, and pay £zoo to the M.T.A., they would be placed on the stop-list. The appellants pai d £33:2 in respect of these demands but later r efused to pay the second instalment of t he £zoo which was due and sued the M.T.A . .in the person of Chilton and others for damages for conspiracy, damages for deceit, money had an d received by the defendant for the use of the plaintiff, damages for breach of agreement and damages for libel contained in the journal called Motor Commerce. H eld in the Court of Appeal, reversing Avory J. in the Divisional Court, that the appellants could not recover.

For the Appell ants : A. W.W. vVatson, J. W. Dowding.

For the Defendants: F. R. Mountain, J. W. King.

The appeal was dismissed by Mr. Tylor on the grounds that no cause of action had been made out. There could be no action on conspiracy since conspiracy could not exist without a previous tort. That the threat was criminal was no ground of action, and the threat was not of such a nature as to be actionable at Civil Law since it did not deprive the plaintiff of his freedom of action.

F.R.M. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Presiclent-D. M. M.

CAREY.

Secretary -

J.

LYALL.

This term we found our numbers reduced, as there were no Freshmen reading Law to take the place of those "vho had left us.

As seventy-five per cent. of the members were due to take Schools at the end of the year it was found impossibl e to hold three moots per term, so it was decided to hold only one in this academic year.

The meeting was held on Wednesday, November 17, in the Hearne Room where Mr. E. Slade, Fellow of St. John's College, heard an appeal to th e House of Lords from the Court of Appeal in Robinson v. Gmv es . The facts found were that on July z7, l93z, Graves orally commissioned Robinson, an artist, to paint a port rait of a lady who had since become Graves' wife, and promised to pay z50 guineas therefor, one-half to be paid in advance; subsequently reduced to roo g uineas paid in advance. Robinson commenced to paint the portrait an d the lady gave him a sitting for

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

61

the purpose, but on August 2 the defendant wholly repudi,a ted and put an end to the contract. In the Divi sional Court Acton J. accepted the plaintiff's evidence that there was a contract, but held that it came ·w ithin the Sale of Goods Act, 1893, Sec. 4, according to L ee v . Griffin and that it was therefore unenforceable. The Court of Appeal held unanimously t hat it was a contrac_t for work and labour and not sale of good s, as it was only ancillary to the contract that Robinson should pass some material to Graves.

For the Appellant :

J. vV. King, J, Lyall.

Vv. Dowding, D. M.

For the Defendant: ].

M. Carey.

The appeal was dismissed with cos ts as there was little evidence to support either side a nd the dicta quoted were contradictory. As there was ·no decided case to govern the matter th e -commonsense view was the better, the decisive factor being the intention of the parties, in the w ide sense. Thi s was not the production of a saleable. article.

D.M.M.C.

THE CONSERVATIVE DISCUSSION GROUP. MICHAELMAS TERM,

Secretary-]. W.

1937 · KING.

The formation of a Discussion Group by the St. Edmund Hall Conservatives this term was made possible by the fact that there were several keen politicians in the Hall who were members of the University Conservative Association .

The Discu ssion Group was inaugurated by Mr. Alan Fyfe of Balliol, President of the O xford Union Society, who opened a lively discussion on 'Japan in China' with a talk on British policy in the Far East. Later in the term many varied topics were discussed.

J. P. de C. Meade and D. Erskine expressed their opinion that France was a menace to world peace, J. W. King disapproved of the Government's Armament policy and V. C. H . Brown, ably assisted by W. H. H . Waterfield of the Labour Club, made a tren chant criticism of the South African Government's Native Policy.

It is hoped that th e debate with the Labour Club Study Group, for which no suitable elate could be foun d this term, will be able to take place next term and that the Di scussion Group wil1 continu e to flourish.

J.W .K.

62

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE THE LABOUR CLUB GROUP. 1937. S ecretary-H. V . JAMES .

S ecretary-M . J. HOWARTH. TERM . Secretary-\i'-.1 . H. H. W ATE R FIELD.

HILARY TERM,

TRINITY TERM , MICHAELMAS

The activities of the Labour Club in the Hall during the year have centred round the Discussion Group form ed in the Michaelmas Term, 1936. Weekly meetings have been held, a ddressed by prominent members of the Labour Club. Discussion has on the whole been good on subjects ranging from Dialectical Materialism to Labour's Short T erm Programme, an:d from Spain to China by way of Palestine and Russia. It is hoped that reading lists for those who desire them will assist members to improve both their fa c tual and theoretical knowledge.

It is hoped that in the future it will be possibl e to plan our discussion on a yearly ba sis, thus making a far more thorough study of our problems possible.

Also during the coming term it is hoped that many more members of other societies s uc h as the S.C.M., the Liberal Club and B.U.L.N.S. will attend our groups. There are many things which w e have in common with these societies, and only by discussing together freely will it be possible to achieve real action with them to abolish the injustices and to dispel the fear of war which we all feel and whose causes we of the Labour Club profess to know.

W.H.H.\i\T.

CLUBS, 1937 THE BOAT CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1937.

Captain-] . P. BURR OUGH. Secreta.ry-D. M. M . C AREY .

The First Torpid beg :a n practice at the very beg inning of te rm.

After ten clays t he fin a l o rder was settled, and from then until the races the coac hing was shared by \ A/ . J. H. Liversiclge a nd Mr. C. P. Sherwood. The aim of the former was to g et the cr ew well together, which he ac hieved by giving them long pieces of paddling on the Goclstow r each . Ten clays before the rnces Mr. Sherwood took over the duties of coaching, and with the solid foundation w hich h ad b een g iven to them in th e earlier s tag-es of p ractice the crew soon beg a n to move fast. On t he fi r st day of Torpicls, w e came steadil y up on University and bum ped th em at the Pink Post. On the second day we had our best ro\V ; goi n~ off

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

63

very fast into a strong headwind, we were soon within half a length of Balliol, and a magnificent spurt through the Gut caused their . downfall just beyond the Stone. A still stronger wind prevailed on the third day ; starting behind N ew College we soon got . within our distance and at the Stone we were within half a length.

O n the Green Ba nk, however, New College steadied out into the wind and gradually drew away. \!Ve were peve r able to make any real impressio n on them during· the last three days, but we had regained the two places which we had lost in 1936, thu s finishing fo r the second time in the h istory of the Hall third on the river in Torpids.

Owing to a scarcity of available man-power the Second Torpid did not begin training un ti l ten day s before the races , and even the n we h ad to call on th ose w ho had long ceased to be regular members of the Boat Club. Coached by the Secretary they soon became fit, but were not quite ready 011 the first day of Torpids, a nd though they made Exeter II row very hard to catch them, they were bumped just beyond the O.U.B. C. The long row, however, did them a great deal of good , and after that they were not only able to keep their place but on Saturday bumped Merton II at the New Bridge, on Monday Keble II at the Free Ferry, on Tuesday Oriel II at the same place and on vVednesday B.N.C. II in the Gut. They had therefore during the week improved their pos ition by th ree places an d finished fourth in the Thi r.d Division.

Order of rowing: SECOKD C REW .

FIRST CREW.

E. C. P. R.

L. vV rig-ht. de N. Hill.

2. ,, A. H. Farrant.

J• E . Lyth .

4· D . M . M. Carey. :i · 6. G. A. H. Rainbci,v .

7· A. G. Slemeck.

Str. J. S. M . Dashwood.

Cox. J. McG. Sowerb y.

Bow . A. 2 .

3.

4. ,) · 6.

J.

Lee:

J. Shipwrig ht.

D. C . Kennedy.

J. D. Carr.

D. M . Thomas.

B. A. Rogers.

7. 0. T. Brow n.

Str. J. Lyall.

Cox. A. C. \ iVace.

J.P.B.

TRIN ITY TER M .

S ecretary- D. M. M. CAREY. Captain- J. P. BURROUGH. Two alterations from the practice of recent years were made when the VIII began training on April 19, a week before the start of the Summer Term. These were the use of swivels on a new eight boug ht outright from Sim s, of Putney, and the commencement of training at Oxford instead of on the Tide\vay. Some-

64

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

thing of an innovation was a lso made in th e arrangements for coaching, for Brigadier J. H. Gibbon most kindly drove from Cirencester to take charge of us on three days of the week, an d when he was not there we relied upon our cox, G. J. P . Merifield, w hose experiences with the University crew enabled him to fulfi l t he double duties of coach and cox most admirably.

In spite of swivels , the V III was always rough and slow into the water , but the crew persevered with rather uninspirin g training at Godstow, an d was rewarded by finishing in Eights \ "leek higher on the river than the Hall have ever b een befor e by bumping Christ Church. This happened w hen most of o ur supporters we re there on th e Saturday to g ive their invaluable encouragement, but on the other five night s -.,ve had to row behin d a very fas t and expe rienced Tri ni ty crew , who cut us off from all thought of the weaker boats ahead of th em. H owever, no crew beh ind ch allenged our p osition of seventh on the river at a ll seriously.

THE SECO\:D E[(;HT, H).J / .

J.

l;_ .\. H. Rainbo \\" , .\ . J. Lee. :\. C. J enkin son , 1'. \\" uod hou'e Smi t h .

Lyal l, I.' . .\. H . F"rran1:, ~lr. C . l'. She rn·uod (.-oacl1) , 13 .. \ . Roge rs (slro/?<.'), A. .\ . C . v\"ac.' (.-ox ).

l~.

Cl" r k .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZIN E

65

Meanwhile a Second V III , coached with the greatest enthusiasm by l\fr . C . P. Sherwood , of \iVycliffe Hall, was oarrying on the Hall tradition among second eights by making six early bumps and being unlucky to miss a seventh or even, indeed, the evercoveted over-bump. They were a remarkably powerful crew, and possessed all the essential fundam ental points of rowing, if hot the more delicate details of the art . Their record bump took them a mere forty seconds and twenty-seven strokes . The Th ird VIII was partially a Schools crew and, unfortunately, had far too short a ti me to practise and some good second eights behind it. Consequently its record was not an inspiring one, though by the end ot the week it had vastly improved.

The Boat Club offers its most grateful thanks to the coaches, and can look back on this Eights Week with the satisfaction of having continued to establish ia position as one of the leading clubs in the University.

THE EIGHT'S .

SECOND CREW.

FIRST CREW.

Bow. C . de N. Hill.

2.

R. E. Lyth.

3. D. M. M . Carey .

4. C . H. J ellard .

5. G . Worth.

6 . J.P. Burrough.

7. A. G . Slemeck.

Str. J. S. M. Dashwood.

Cox. G. J.P. Merifield .

Bow. A. J. Lee. 2.

A . C. Jenkinson.

3. P. W. Smith.

4. G. A. H. Rainbow.

5. J. Lyall.

6. A . R. Clark.

7 . P. A. H. Farrant.

Str. B. A. Rogers.

Cox . A. C. Wace.

THIRD CREW .

Bow. H. E. Pope.

2.

D. H . Clibborn.

3路 J. D. Cart .

4 路 J . W. King.

S路 D . M. Thomas.

6. D. R. Tassel.

7. D. C. Kennedy . .

Str. W . J. H. Liversidge , Cox . J. Shipwright.

At a meeting of Eights' Colo路urs, D. M. M. Carey was elected Captain and A. G. Slemeck Secretary for the ensuing academic year and for Henley.

J.P.B. M ARLOW AND HE NLEY, 1937.

After Eights \iVeek we were iable to begin serious training for Henley ; in many years this is not possible, as those taking Schools are unable to row after Eights until the end of term. But this year the crew remained, except for minor changes, substantially th e

6G

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

same for the remaining three weeks of term. As J. P. Burrough had accepted an invitation to row for Leander, it could be seen that the Hall crew would lack experience, and consequently it was thought necessary to get as much abreast racing as possible; one day we went down to Radley and raced their First VIII over the Marlow course, winning a well-judged race by three-quarters of a length. A few days later we raced in the Godstow Reg¡atta against Christ Church in the final of the senior division; as they had raced against St. Edward's School earlier in the afternoon, we had little difficulty in getting home by two and a half lengths. The next week we went to Marlow Regatta, where we raced against Reading and Kensington in the Marlow Eights. Kensington were soon out of the picture, but the Hall and Reading rowed dead level for the first half of the course. Reading then spurted and gained half ia length. Over the last few hundred yards the H a ll tried desperately to regain the lost ground, but having timed their effort too late, were beaten by a third of a length.

Throughout these weeks and during Henley we were coached

by Mr. C. P. Sherwood, who had coached the Second VIII so successfully in Eights. \Ve are extremely grateful for the time and trouble he took over the training _o f the crew. It was indeed sad that his labours did not bear fruit in the actual racing . But the Boat Club as a whole have gained invaluable help from his experience and knowledge of rowing, and his enth usiasm on the towpath as well as at West Hill House did much to make the race against Balliol as good as it was.

Racing on Wednesday, June 30, from the Bucks station, we had a good start and rowed 41 in the' first minute to Balliol's 39. At the top of the Island we led by a canvas and at the Barrier by half a length. Balliol then spurted, and the H all, trying desperately to maintain its lead, became short, and at Fawley the crews were level. Balliol's greater experience then began to tell, and they gradually drew away to win by one and a quarter lengths in 7 mins. 53 sees., a slowish time owing to a strong headwind.

The order of rowing was as follows : -

Bow. D. M. M. Carey.

2.

R. E. Lyth.

3. W. J. H. Liversidge .

4. J. S. M. Dashwood.

5. G. Worth.

6. A. R. Clark.

7. A. G. Slemeck.

Str. B. A. Rogers.

Cox. G. J. P. Merifield . .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

67

The spare men were C. de N. Hill and J. Lyall.

It is difficult to say how grateful we are to the members of the Aularian Association, who make it possible for us to go to Henley each year and thereby to gain experienceâ&#x20AC;˘which it is impossible to gain anywhere else. We are also grateful to the Principal, who gave us the pleasure of his company for several days, and to the Vice-Principal and Senior Tutor, who visited us on several occasions during our period of training. And finally we must not only congratulate G. J. P. Merifield on coxing Leander, but thank him for continuing to cox the Hall and for eschewing the attractions of the Leander Club to stay with us at vVest Hill House.

D .M. MC. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Capta,in-D. M. M. CAREY. Secretary-A. G. SLEMECK. At the beginning of this year the Boat Club found itself in the fortunate position of having lost none of its Eightsmen. Of the rowing Freshmen, who numbered eleven, only one had ever handled ,a n oar before but their undoubted keenness soon overcame most obstacles, and the untiring efforts of the numerous coaches produced a most encouraging result at the end of term, for it bad been decided that instead of rowing the Mawdesley Fours at the end of the third week of term it would be more beneficial to row them on slides towards the end of the seventh week. Owing to this innovation the standard of rowing cannot be compared with that of former years; but Meade's crew won a keenly contested race by three lengths. Two days later the winning crew raced against a B.N.C. four and won a magnificent race by the narrow margin of one foot.

The Coxswainless IV began practice a few days before term, coached intermittently by Mr. R. VI. G. Holds,vorth. It was realised from the start that the crew would be underboated, and when J. C. Cherry, the President of the O.U.B.C., took over the coaching he thought it would be advisable to put the heaviest man at' 3,' therefore A. G. Slemeck stroked the boat on bow-side. The boat certainly travelled better after this change, but still tended to bury.

The race against New College was rowed in appalling conditions with a gale blowing downstream and torrents ot rain. On the way down to the start stroke >and ' 3 ' experienced trouble with their slides, as the temporarily-devised leather backstops had become sodden with the rain and the runners came off the end of the tracks. This necessitated the two mep in question being

68

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

stopped forward about four inches, as th ere was no time to go back to the boathouse and have the job done properly, the result being that stroke and ' 3 ' were sliding twelve inches to bow and '2's' eighteen. Not umrnturally, the crew failed to do themselves justice, and New College had no difficulty in getting .home by twenty seconds.

The Hall was well represented in Trial Eights by J. P. Burrough, A. G. Slemeck and G. J. P. Mcrific1d. J. S. M. Dashwood was extremely unfortunate ,in Josing his place ten days . before the race.

This year it was decided by the O.U.B.C. thaLthe Long Distance Race should be abandoned and in its place should be substituted a knock-out competition on the Godstow reach, with a view to giving College crews experience in abreast racing. For the first four weeks of term members of the Hall VIII underwent exhaustive tubbing instruction and only went out in the eight about twice a week. Serious practice began in the fifth week of term under the direction of VI/. J. H. Liversidge, and the VIII made one or two long journeys to Medley and once to the Black Bridge.

Owing to a misunderstanding, Salters had sold the clinker eight which was to have been ours until the end of term. George Sims, of Hammersmith, however, undertook to build us a new boat within a period of sixteen days, and it was ready for us a fortnight before the races began. From then onwards the VIII made steady progress, setting up some remarkably fast times on the lower reach .

A week before the races B. A. Rogers fell a victim of Vincent's angina and was obliged to vacate his seat at '4.' Our thanks are due to C. H. Je!lard for corning untrained into the cre\v al1(i' rowing veryhard throughout.

In the races we drew a bye to the .second round .a11d met St. Peter's Hall on Tuesday, November 30. Rowing from the Port Meadow station, we established an early lead, and though St. Petcr's Hall tried desperately hard to get on terms again, the Hall wcm by a length and three-quarters in 6 mins. 30 sees. on¡ \tVednesday we raced Oriel from the same station, and going off very fast were soon a length ahead; rowing well within themselves the Hall drew away to win comfortably by' four lengths in 6 mins. rg.f sees.

Conditions were very different in the final against St. ] ohn' s on Thursday; there ¡had been much rain the previous evening, cau<;ing a stroi1g stream, and in addition there was a stiff headwind. Rowing from the towpatb station, the Hall soon led by half a length, \and' witfr the first corner in their favour were almost clear at the

ST: EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

69

Perch corner. St. John's spurted hard up the long reach a.nd just below the Willows cam e up to within a third of a length. The Hall then answered their challenge and, materially assisted by a strong-minded piece of steering, .drew ahead to win a well-judged race by three-quarters of a length in 6 mins. 57~ sees ., and also the Pazolt Cup. Throughout this term vve have been without the services of Mr. \!\Tilliam Best, · who has been seriously ill with phlebitis. W P are glad .to know that h e is making a slow but steady recovery.

D.M .M.C. CoxsWAINLESS FouR.

B ow. J. S. M. Dashwood.

2 (steers). W. J. H. Liversidge.

3. J. P. Burrough.

Str. A. G. Slemeck.

MAWDESLEY . FOURS. 'A' CREW. Bow. G. R. R. East.

Bow. 2.

2.

M. P. Whitaker.

3.

3· E. H. Nicholson.

Str. J. D. de C. Meade.

Str. Cox. Cox. A. W. Fowler.

'B ' CREW.

M. M. Hennell.

D. R. Rankin.

N . .A. Lowden.

B. J. Wigan.

R. D. R. Evans.

THE GODSTOW EIGHT.

Bow. M . H. A. Boyd.

2.

C. de N. Hill.

3· P. W. Smith.

4· C. H. Jellard.

5· G. Worth.

6. A. R. Clark.

7. J. Lyall.

Str. D. M. M. Carey.

Cox. A. C. Wace.

THE CRICKET CLUB.

Captain -

J.

A.

BRETT.

Secretary - A. M. REID.

The Hall enjoyed quite a successful season. \Vhen we fielded a full side we were unbeaten; unfortunately we were not always able to do this.

Perhaps one of our best efforts was the defeat of Balliol by seven wickets. We dismissed them for 50, mainly owing to some effective bowling by J. Plant. .The most successful batsmen were Le M esurier, Reid,; Coo;:icr and Kempston, while amongst the bowlers R . A. Cooper was always steady and often brilliant, P. N. Le Mesurier at times un-

70

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

playable, J. A. Brett with his outswingers and good length always difficult to play, J. Plant often erratic but always a trier and R. Byrom steady to a degree .

Some of the features of a very en joyable season were J. Lyth's ultra-cautious openings, J. A. Brett's use of the long handle, R. M. A. Lawson's wicket-keeping and R. A. Cooper's slip fielding.

The following have played for the Hall: - J. A. Brett , A. M. Reid, P. N. Le Mesurier, R. A. Cooper, R. M.A. Lawson, J. Rashleigh, J. Lyth, D. N. F. Kempston, A. J. Healy, R. Byrom, H. Taberner, D. C . Kennedy, J. Plant, D. S. Morgan, G. Carruthers, J. H.P. Hadden, K. Millard-Bishop.

Colours were awarded to the fo llowing: - J. R,a shleigh, D. C. Kennedy, J. Plant and D. N . F. Kempston.

At a colours meeting A. M. Reid was elected Captain and D. C. Kennedy was elected Secretary.

A.M.R. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1937.

Captain-]. L. PINNIGER. Secretary-IC A. COOPER. It was decided this term to dispense with the usual custom of coming up a week early to train, and instead to ask the Rev. C. F. Cardale to coach us during the first week of te rm. This was done to avoid the staleness that was apparent in previous years and to provide our coach with an opportunity of seeing the team in action in ia game or so.

Unfortunately, at the beginning of the term Mr. Cardale wrote to say that he could not come down, as the influenza epidemic was taking heavy toll in his parish at Leeds, so in the end we carried along on our own.

Our opponents in the first round of the Cup-tie were Worcester, whom we played at home a nd beat by twenty-five points to nil.

The ground was very soft ind eed, but the weather was ideal. Soon after the kick-off the Hall carried the ball down to the opponents' ' twenty-five.' There they were given a penalty for offside, which D. G. T. Hicks made good. The forwards maintained ia continual pressure for th e rest of the first half, whi ch resulted in tries being¡ solved by T. E. R. Micklem, G. Carruthers, H. C. Marston and H. R. Durham, Hicks converting three . In the second half vVorcester began to improve, while the Hall were repeatedly failing to take their chances. The on ly score was a drop-goal by Hicks, whose accurate kicking was a feature of the game.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

71

The next round found us up against Jesus, whom we beat by eight points to five. Th e weather conditions were again good, though the ground was rather soft. The Hall attacked right from the start, and, roundi;1g off a fine movement in which all the back row played a part, E. G. Curtis scored far out. Hicks failed with the kick. The Hall continued their pressure for the rest of the first half, but weak finishing presented any further score. The game evened up a little in the second half , but after twenty minutes R. A. Cooper took the ball through on his own and scored a try which Hicks converted. Jesus immediately retaliated with a try which also was con\'erted, but the Hall were never in danger of losing the match.

In the third round we played Balliol, the eventual finalists, on their ground and again under good conditions. The sides soon proved themselves to be evenly matched, the defence on both sides being particularly good. The first score came from Balliol, when Bell beat Hicks for the touch-down after a kick ahead. The Hall at once took the play to the opponents' ' twenty-five,' where D. N. F. Kemps ton dropped a' neat goal to give us the lead. After a quarter of an hour a BallioI wing three-quarter got the ball and, running right through the forwards, scored a try far out on the other side. The kick failed.

Just before half-time the Hall were given 1a penalty for off-side in a good position, but Hicks's kick just swerved outside the upright, so Balliol then kept their lead of six points to four. A constructive second half saw only additional scores by Balliol through a drop-goal and a penalty goal, making the final score thirteen points to four.

J. A. Brett was unfortunately absent from all three games, as he had not sufficiently recovered from the injuries he sustained this and last terms.

Apart from these games few matches were played, partly owing to the appalling weather and partly because of the usual Hilary Term apathy. A new fixture was played with Bloxham School, whom the Hall beat by fifteen points to five in the Parks.

At a colours meeting R. A. Cooper was elected Captain and D. N. F. Kem pston Secretary for the coming year.

J. L. P. MICHAELM AS TERM.

Captain-R. A. COOPER. Secretary-D. N. F. KEMPSTON. A valuable supply of Freshmen to fill some important gaps among the old colours made it seem likely that we should be able to maintain our position in the First L eague and build up a strong

72

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Cup-tie sid~. The former we have done with the loss of only two matches; the latter has hardly yet materialised.

Our c('!ntre three-quarters have been particularly unlucky, and for over half the term three of them have been out of the game through injuries. The University side, too, has made its claims, and in one match the Hall for the first time had four representatives.

Unfortunately it was our most disorganised side that played B.N.C. and, although we made a fine recovery in the second half, we were beaten by twenty-one points to twelve. In other League matches we have beaten St. John's, Jesus and \i\Tadham, but unaccountably lost to Christ Church.

For our outside fixtures we have been represented by weakeneli teams, and though we repeated last year's victory over Bromsgrove we lost to the Civil Service and the R.A.S.C. In spite of its obvious weaknesses the Hall this year has the makings of a really good side. The three-quarters are not yet well enough together to back up D. N. F. Kempston's speed, while the pack, in spite of excellent work by E. P. M. Elliott and E. C. C. \i\Tynter in the second row, are inclined to rather aimless wandering.

Three who have played consistently well this term are F. B. Wood, who has by no means confined his duties to his hooking , D. S. Morgan at scrum-half, and P. N. Le Mesurier at full-back.

We have been represented most regularly in the League sides by: - P. N. le Mesurier, T. E. R. Micklcm, A. K. Sharp, K. B. Hallowes, E. L. Jones, K. Miilard Bishop, D. N. F. Kempston, D. S. Morgan, H. R. Durham, J. F. Lavender, F. B. Wood, R. R. Rylands, E. P. M. Elliott, E. C. C. \i\Tynter, C. P : v\Talsh, E. G. Curtis and H. Eyre.

R.A.C. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB.

1937.

Secretary- H.

HILARY TERM,

Captain- G. M.

BURNETT.

TABERNER.

Several members of the previous term's successful team were away from Oxford engaged in teaching, so we had to rely largely on the help of members of the Rugger and Hockey Clubs. Our first Cup-tie was against Corpus in the Parks. The conditions were 'a gainst good football, and in a scrappy match the result was still undecided five minutes from time. The Hockey Club came to the rescue, however, and we managed to .record a victory of 1--0.

Our next opponents were B.N.C., whose team was composed almost entirely of Blues and Centaurs, including one International.

In a hectic struggle, in ¡which our Captain did some heroic work,

73

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

we lost 4-0, and so we passed not ingloriously out of the Competition. Before the end of the term G. M. Burnet t w:a s elected a member of the Centaurs' C lub, an honour w hi ch he fully deserved.

H.T .

MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain -

H. TABERNER.

Secretar y - L. I.

STOWE.

The success of last year's League team has been completely nullified this term. So far from being able to field a good team, vve have experienced extreme difficulty even in raising an X. I at all, a nd again we have been greatly indebted to members of the Rugby and Hockey Clubs. Perhaps th e greatest disappointm ent h as been that we had to forfeit our last two League games throug h complete in ability to field a team. ' i\Te can only hope that our stay in Division II will be short-lived.

H.T. THE HOCKEY CLUB. HILARY TERM, 1937.

Captain-F. R.

R AWES.

Secretary-J.

LYTH.

Owing¡ to the continuous bad weather, little hockey was play ed except for Cup matches. As an experiment the team came into residence before the beginning of term, and although we were unfortunate in not being able to secure the services of a coach, these first few days proved ve ry profitable. It was soon obvious that the side was essentially suited to hard grounds; not only did th e team play b etter together, but full advantage could be made of a fast line of forwards and hard hittin g to the wings. But once reduced to wet and squelchy grounds, and the combination was not so effective .

Having successfully evaded the first round, we swamped Pembroke in the next on (or should we say in) what resembled a bog more th.a n a respectable hockey pitch. The overwhelming score 9-1 (and,; might it not well have been double?) certainly did the Hall cred it, as they played excellently together under conditions calling for as much wit and ingenuity as clever stick-work, though against an admittedly weak side. In the third .round we met our W aterloo; in torrents of rain, after the game had already been twice postponed, we were beaten though not disgraced by N ew College (5-2), a good all-round side with an unpleasantly sharpshooting inside forward. J. Lyth had in oppo rtunely succumbed to the wiles of the 'flu germ, and hi s constructi ve play at inside-left , which had been largely responsible for th e successful attacking powe1'. of the forward lin e, was sad ly missed. Th e Hall opened the

!':>T. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE scoring through R. M. A. Lawson, with a hard drive-cum-mashie shot, which slithered past the goalkeeper's ear. Then came disaster.

A slip by the Hall defence and the New College sharp-shooter was through to score. In the next ten minutes when the Hall defence was all at sea they had scored two more, and added a further one before half-time. After the interval the Hall played better and the defence was much sounder, but the forward line rarely got moving and tragically missed the opportunities that came its way. Just before time M. P. Vidal-Hall scored in a belated effort.

After Cup-ties hockey sho>ved the usual falling-off in interest, and except for an away fixture with Charterhouse, which wa5 won after a hard and close game (2-1), and more frivolous pastimes such as mixed hockey, few games were played. Tribute must be paid to the great keenness and enthusiasm shown by all, and not least by the Second XI, who as usual were the victims of games scratched with monotonous regularity by less worthy Colleges.

This was all the more unfortunate as the general standard of play was well above the average. A. T. de B. Wilmot played many good games for the Hall, and was deservedly chosen to go on tour with the Occasionals. He is also to be congratulated on his election to that club.

Colours were awarded to R. M.A. Lawson, J. H. Edinger and l\1. R. Preston.

At a colours' meeting J. Lyth was elected Captain for the coming season and J. H. Edinger Secretary.

The following represented the Hall in Cup-ties :-A. T. de B. vVilmot; G. M. Burnett, ]. Rashleigh; M. R. Preston, F. R. Rawes, M. ]. D. Carmichael; ]. H. Edinger, R. M. A. Lawson, M. P. Vidal-Hall, J. Lyth, A. M. Reid, R. Bagnall.

F.R.R. MICHAELMAS TERM.

Captain-]. LYTH. Secretary-]. H. EDINGER. It would hardly be truthful to state that the Hall h~s a good hockey side this year, and we cannot say that we have had a particularly successful term. The First XI has played sixteen matches, of which .six have been won, eight Jost and two drawn. However, it is only fair to say that we have not been able to settle down, and because of injuries and other complications we have never been able to turn out the same team on two consecutive occasions.

Undoubtedly our best achievement was a 4---4 drawn match against the University Occasionals (who unfortunately were one man short!). This success was chiefly clue to the brilliant display

by J. Rashleigh at centre-half and the thrust of R. M. A. Lawson

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE 75 ' - -- - --- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - ---- - - - - - - -----·at centre-forward. Generally speaking, the forwards have been the weakness throughout the term, chiefly because there is a certain slothfulness on both wings. The halves are improving but the backs are apt to be wild and do not look where they are clearing. W e offer our congratulations to A. T. de B. Wilmot, who has been representing the University XI this term, and are very fortunate in having such an able understudy to him in D. H. Clibborn. vVe have drawn Merton in the Cup-ties next term, and if we can settle down early we may get throug h the -f irst two rounds .

The Second X.I have bad some good games this term, and c0mpared with most other College Second Xls they are a very useful side, M. R. Larson, K . W. M. Christopher, H. E. Pope, A. J. Lee and D. G. C. Salt being useful and at the same time keen members of the side.

J.L .

THE ATHLETIC CLUB.

1937.

Secretary-P. N.

HILARY TERM,

President-£. M.

ROBERTS.

LE MESURIER .

Our team for th e Inter-College Cup Competition, being somewhat weaker than those of previous years, suffered defeat at the hands of Christ Church in the first round, in spite of the gallant efforts of E. M. Roberts, who himself undertook most of the sprinting.

Unfortunately E. M. Roberts, owing· to his work, was unable to keep his place in the University tea m against Cambridge, and the Hall was n·o t represented this year .

S everal members of the Hall entered for the 0 . U.A.C. Sports, and their performances were on the whole quite good.

Colours were award ed to J. du M. Kenyon, H. R. Durham and H. A. F. Radley.

P.N. LEM. TRINITY TE.RM.

President-£. NI.

ROBERTS.

Secret:ary-P. N . LE

MESURIER.

The H all Sports were held, as usual, during the course of the Trinity Term. The poor attendance of spectators (four in all, of whom two were members of the Senior Common Room) very nearly marred the usual jovial and intimate character of this meeting . However, the competitors came determined to enjoy themselves , w1d the afternoon proved a great success. We carried away with us memories of A. M. Reid combatting the hostility of all the pole-vault .paraphernal ia before making his winning jump

7G.

~T.

EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

of 6ft., \V. J. H. Liversidge's magnificent long strides which won for him the Half-Mile, G. L. Thomas winning the roo Yards in fine style and E. M. Roberts winning both the Quarter-Mile and the High Jump.

J. DU M.K. MICHAELMAS TERM.

President-]. nu M.

KENYON.

Secretar:y-H. R.

DURHAM.

The Inter-College Cross-Country race was run early this term 111 driving rain and icy winds. Nevertheless, the ardour of our team was not damped. H. R. Durham returned r8th out of sixty, H. ¡A. F. Radley returned 3rst and J.C. L. Hawkins, D . R. Rankin and D. Erskine packed well about 40.

In the Inter-College Relays ~ve were defeated in the first round, though by no means ignominously. Durham gave us a good position at the encl of the first mile of the Long Distance Medley, in which we finished fifth out of twelve. A. J. Ensor ran a roo Yards and 440 Yards very creditably. He is an athlete of whom we expect to hear more in the future. It was unfortunate that K. B. Hallowes, who reached the final of the Freshmen's Quarter-Mile, was unable to run for us. J. E. Rutherford, R. ]. Lund and G. L. Thomas ran very hard in the Sprint Relay, and vve finished second out of four.

Our athletes possess equal and perhaps more talent than those of many other Colleges; it is unfortunate for us that they have to be lured away from the activities of other clubs at such times when we have need of them, and consequently they do not have the opportunities for the requisite training. However, we look forward to the Inter-College Sports next term, when we hope to give a better account of ourselves. ] . DU M . K.

THE TENNIS CLUB.

Captain-]. L.

PrNNIGER.

Secretary-E. P. M.

ELLIOTT.

The 1937 tennis season must have been the most pleasant for some years. The weather was excellent and very fevv matches had to be scratched.

The most enjoyable match of the season was undoubtedly that against the Old Aularians, who brought clown a very strong side which proved rather too good for us. In the other friendly matches the First and Second VIs managed to acquit themselves very creditably, although I am afraid the balance of wins and losses is still weighed against us.

ST. EDJ\IUND HALL MAGAZINE For Cup-t ies we had four of last year's VI still 111 residence, and the team was completed by the inclusion of two Freshmen, P. T. G. Hutton-,i\Tilson and D. N . F . Ke111pston. In the first round we we re rat her unfortunate in b eing dr_aw n against the very strong N ew College side, a t whose h a nds we suffered a severe defeat. The Second VI, drawn against Trinity in the first round, played gallantly but unavailing ly againsl a more powerful side.

During the term two tournaments were orga nised and played off. These were a handicap knock-out doubles, which was won by E . G. M. Crozier a nd M. H. A. Boyd, and an open singles knockout tourna ment, which was won by E. P. M. Elliott.

P . T. G. Hutton-Wilson was awa rded his colours. E . P. M. Elliott was elected Captain and G. H. Thompson Secreta ry for next season .

E .P.M.E.

THE SWIMMING CLUB.

Captain- N . E.

MONIE.

In the League matc hes of the Hilary T erm the water-polo team, tho ugh rather inexperi enced, played some very good games , A. R. C lark, a new recruit to sw imm ing, prov ing a great asset in g oal.

We ¡were unfortunate, however, in being unable to find any really relia ble fifth man to compl ete the team, with a result that we were consiste ntly weak either in defence or attack throug hout the year, according as to whether we took o ur c ourage in our hands and played our best m en forward or, so mewha t overawed by the opposing side , decided at least to keep clown the score by plaving them as backs. Thoug h at times a judicio us compromise betv\1 een these two policies was reached, our success rem ained only moderate.

However, we managed to k eep our position in the First Division and to reach the second round of the Cup-ties in the Trinity Term, .only being b eaten by Un iver sity after a close game.

Turni ng from water-polo 'to swimming, we must cong ratulate N . E. Monie on gai ning his. Half-Blue a nd on coming in second fo r the University in the 200 Yards Breast Stroke again st Cambr idge in record time. He also carried off the Matthews Cup and was appointed Capta in for the season 1937-38 . In the Relays w e we re beaten by the Queen's by the narrow marg in of two yar<ls . . Lastly, we must g ive the usual for ecast for the corning season, and to judge from games play ed so far this term it should at least prove .a very enjoyabl e one .

F.B.,i\T.

78

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

'OXFORD-PONTUS'

W

E, that is, a friend of mine in Brase nose and I, descended limply from the train at Donaueschingen, after fourteen hours in the same third class compartment from Ostend, and, as it was late, took refuge immediately in the loca l gasthaus.

The next morning, we sallied forth to inspect the river which is officially recognized as 'rising' at this town. However enthu siastically we viewed it, and however insisten tly the inhabitants called it 'der Dona u, ' to us, as we looked down on it from the bridge, it seemed no more tha n an insignificant a nd possibly insanitary trickle. It just m anaged to float our canoe, so long as we both stood in the water. Consequently, the early clays were spent in wading, with occasional stretches of paddling as the river slowly grew deeper. This stretch, above Ulm, is really quite unsuitable for canoeing, except for the satisfaction of having begun at the very source. There are over a hundred weirs, most of which m ean portages, and, at lrnmend ingen, in the summer months, the river disappears underground for six miles. Our map had apparently warned us of this, but our knowledge of German had been in s ufficient for us to profit by the warning. At Ulm, to the inevitable gallery of small boys, we remade the boat, which had been damaged a little by the hard wear of the first few days. From here onwards we experienced no difficulty from shallows. The river winds throug h the low Bavarian woodlands, studded with brightly coloured villages, jn which mosque-like church- towers raise pointed domes of green or red. We canoed without incident for twelve days, through the gorge at Kelhei m, under the narrow bridge at Regen sburg, quite the worst to shoot: on the whole river, and so, past Passau, to Vienna. Just short of Kelheim , the river skirts the Benedictine monastery of Weltenburg, where special beer in stone flagons is served to visitors. Originally much bigger, the community now consists of only three priests and seven laybrothers. The rest of the monastery buildings seem to have been turned into an hotel. The courtyard in front of the church was full of charabancs. We found it all rather depressing. And the beer, too, is expensive.

Interesting features of this countryside are the wagon-ferries which ply across the stream at frequent intervals. A wire is stretched across the river from two tall poles, and the boat is held against the current by another wire connected by a pulley to the

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE ---

- --- - · - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · - -· --

- - -- - -

79

first. The ferry, carry ing, p erh a ps, a couple of loaded hay-wa in s, is propelled across the river by the simpl e method of holcting a lon g rudder out at an angle and letting the current do the rest. It is worth remembering , by the way, that altho ug h Passau is a frontier town, it is impossible to get Austrian money there. W e did not know this, and so, after a fruitless and perspiring morning spent in a s uccession of banks, we had to buy sufficient food and drink to last until our arrival at Linz, ninety mil es past the border. River steamers begin at Regensburg. Their wash is sometimes tricky to negotiate; but , as they always take the outsi des of bends, it is possible to avoi d meeting them at too close quarters.

We spen t four days in Vienna, leavin g our faltb ot a t the Kajak Klub, where th e members were very hospitabl e, only ch arging us 3d. a day for stori ng. Access to these cl ubs, as well as to the stations of the D e utsche Kanu Verein, is a lways possible without membership cards. Actu ally, we found the D.K.V . station s more expensive t han an ordinary pub. They tend to be river-side hotels which run the canoe business as a sideline , and cha rge a lot for meals. Quite often th ey want paymen t for the tent-site as well.

The stretch from Vienria to Budapest is as beautiful as tha t from Ulm to R egensburg ; but the villag·es a rc much less frequent.

On our fir st nig ht in Hung ary it was only with great difficulty th at we found a pl ace to pitch our tent, because of the thick undergrow th; a nd when we set out as usual in search of a v illag·c for supper, we wandered for two hours along forest paths, crossing two fords , without findin g a hou se . In Austria an d Germany, the vill ages had been close enoug h together for us to have come upon one in a mile or so. H ere , too , the mosquito-n et became really necessary.

On the ne x t day, we a rri ved at a military camp on the rig ht bank. A regiment of ' Sappers ' was engaged in summer operation s, which co nsis ted in prac tisin g quick wa ter-bridging to a n island in the middle of the river. Vve we re given a very fri endly reception and entertained in the officers' mess. Many of the officers spoke Eng lish , as it is compulsory for them to sp eak a t least three lang uages. H ere we discussed, among other topics, th e chamcteristic traits of various nationalities and heard the delig htful Hungarian proverb on the subject, 'The Germans wear boots. ' One of the popular beliefs about Hungary soon proved entirely true. In every village we met a gy psy orch estra. The violins take thei r lead from a man pl ay ing on a shunda. This is an in strum ent peculiar to th e country; it is shaped like a small grand-piano, played like a xlyophone, a nd so unds like a harpsichord. They come

80

ST. EDMUND !IALL MAGAZINE

serenading you as you sit eating in the cafes, and you are us-ually e xpected to sing to their accompaniment ~ A hundred ki lo metres before Budapest the nver passes by Eszterg6m, where the Prince Primate lives . Since the Treaty of Trianon deprived Hungary of so many of h er provinces, many H ungarian bishops have found themselves without sees . There was nothing for them to do but to return either to Budapest or to Eszterg6m , where they now serve to deck out the cathedrals of their more fortunate brethren. Consequently, Mass at Eszterg6m is a most colourful an d elaborate spectacle. Th ese dispossessed bishops can also be seen to advantage on St. Stephen's Day, August 2oth, in Budapest. The Sacred Right H a nd of the first l{ing of Hungary is carried in procession from the Chapel Royal to the Coronation Church. vVe managed to get free tickets for the side of the route.

First came mounted soldiers, then infantry, followed by friars, nuns and novices. Then came the Hand itself, housed in a glass coffer and carried by four men . In the procession were also the Prince Primate, and a Papal Legate, resplendent in scarlet with a Jong train. The copes were marvellously embroidered, and the uni- ¡ forms of the -o fficers quite Ruritari¡a n in their musical-comedy-lastact splendour. A group of peasants in costume came at the encl, i-epresentatives from the various villages, who come to Budapest each year to dance in the Pearly Bouque t performances. These dances are well worth seeing. Groups come from about twenty villages, and, in their own special costumes, dance folk-dances peculiar to the area. There are fish er dances, h arvest dances (both corn and grape), ri1arri age dances, recruiting dances, and ordinary ' csarclas.' The dresses of both men and women are, of course, magnificent, heavily ernbroiclerecl in bright colours. They dance wi th tremendous vigour and much shouting.

At; Budapest, in August, the current of the Danube is no more t han _about three knots. vVe had already canoed 1,200 kilometres, but, as we were not ye t half-way to the Blac k Sea, we decided to try for a lift on one of the oil-tankers going down-stream. The only place where these vessels stop is at frontier stations, because the docking charges are too heavy in the big towns. So we unmade_the canoe in the boatchouse of our friends the Sappers, and then, with a Ji ttle judicious use of the magic words, ' student ' and ' Oxford,' manag¡ed to get first class tickets for half the pri ce of third on the night boat going down to Moh<'ics, on the Hungarian-Yugoslavian border. Here we waited until a tanker came along, and picked a winner, first time. None of the crew spoke anything but Hungarian w ith a smattering of German, which rather limited our sinall-talk;

T H I·: I RO\' G. \TES .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

81

but they were very hospitabl e, and, with t he aid of a dictionary a nd signs, we got on well enough.

For four clays we lived on a diet of fat bacon, eggs and bread, accompanied by the inevitabl e and recurrent theme of paprika. This is the fruit of a pepper plant and is quite unavoidable in all cheap eating houses in Hungary. It is hollo w and looks very much like an elongated green apple. Only the outside skin is eaten, as the centre and the seeds are very hot. lt turns up in all sorts of di sh es , in soup, in a n omelette, as ,a garnish in g for fish, as the stuffing for chicken, and final ly , for dessert, raw. \ Ve we re told that it is an excellent a ntidote for fever, but it needs ea ting with caut ion, for its effect on the system is relaxing, to put it mildly. \i\Thile we were on board this tanker, s hortly after Belgrade, we passed through the notorious Iron Ga tes, about which we h ad heard so much, and had been warned so strongly in a variety of la nguages , even since we left D onaueschingen. The ' Iron Gates ' is the name given to a stretch of tbe river about thirty-five kilometres long . T he stream is compressed into a width of no more th an one hundred yards, and huge cliffs to-wer up on eith er side .

O路wing to a partially successful attempt to clear it , made in the last cen tury, all but about two kil ometres is navigable ; but even then, only w ith extreme care, a nd w ith special pilots w hom every ship mus t take on board. The wo rst stretch is circumvented by a canal.

The scenery is mag nificent-trees precariously rooted in the steep banks, occasiona l na rrow valleys, one or two solitary houses, a nd h ere and there, srnall patches of cultivation, sometimes no more th an a few yards square . Perhaps the most interesting feat ure is the clear trace left of Rom an engineering. On the right b ank , the Romans had managed somehow to make a road. O n the wors t s tretches, w h ere the cliff falls perpendicularly into the water, they hollowed out half the width of the road into the cliff face. Then, a bout four feet b elow the ma in cutti ng, they made a seri es of holes in which were lodged beams. The other h alf of the road , co nsisti ng of p lanks supported by these beams, jutted out over the river.

Althoug h, of course, the wood has long since rotted away, these ol d 路cuttings are still clearly to be seen in the h ard rock.

The tankers go as far as Giurgiu, where they load up with Rumanian oil for Austria and Germany . H ere we said g路ood-bye to the crew , and started vvandering aro und the moorings, with impoverished but cheedul expressions, looking for our next lift. It took us a 路clay or two before we finally found a Dutch ship w ith a11 Austri a n captain, who agreed to take us to Galatz. In order to say t h at we had been in Bulgaria, we got a lift across the river to

82

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Ru sci uc , and, managing to avoid the soldiers on the quay-side as we had no visa, spent twenty-four hours looking round. While we were there we created rather a stir by changing a travellers' ch eque into Rumanian money in the Bulgarian National Bank, where the officials seemed to have only the hasiest of ideas as to what a travellers' cheque was. I t took an hour. By the time they had fini shed, there were eight sheets of information abo ut us, most of which had b een signed, counter-signed and stamped. Finally, when they \1¡ere satisfied and had given us the mon ey, we realized that about the only thing that had not been countersig¡ned was the cheque itself. vVe explained with some difficulty_, that unless this was done, the cheque could not be cleared, and so they let us do it, but without much enth usiasm.

From Giurgiu to Galatz the r iver broaden s ve ry much and b egin s to get oily and dirty in places. The country on the whole is flat and very b ad for malaria in June and Jul y . \Vhen we werethere, it was a good deal cooler, but even so the mosquitoes were v ery trou blesom e . The right bank is sometimes hilly . Where it is, the scenery is very like that of English downland-rolling and grass-covered. Indeed, where q~ar ry ing has laid bare . the rock facing the river, we were strongly reminded of the cliffs of the Engli sh south coast. At Galatz, we changed to a cargo boat taking sugar to Greece, a nd this took us as far as Constan tsa . About one hundred kilometres past Braila a nd thirty kilometres from the sea the Danube Delta begins, and the river divides into three arms.

All shi pping bound for the sea takes the centre one and passes through flat marshy grass-lands, uncultivated and almost uninhabi ted. Only an occasional fishing-village, with small thatched cottages strung out along the bank, relieves the monotony of the scenery. Flocks of wi_l d geese, and sometimes an eagle, acid to the sense of desolation. Our cargo boat would have taken us further; but, as we had originally intended to canoe all the way to the Black Sea, we thought that now that we had reached it, we ought to take to our paddles again . So we remade Oxfo1'd-Pontu.s on the quay-side at Constantsa, and set off for four days canoeing on the sea itself, camping on the cliffs at night. It was quite often fairly rough going, and we had to keep the spray-deck buttoned right up. But the sea coast is grand for a canoeing holiday. There is just enough beach at the foot of the cliffs to run the boat up ; the sun beats down all day; and the fishermen and people in the villages are very hospitable. Only once did we have any difficulty, and that was when two officious soldiers visited our tent and wanted to take our passports away for examination somewhere. They could not, of

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

83

course, unders tand us, and we had only the vaguest idea what they wa nted, as they only spoke Rumanian. We relieved the situation by reciting passages of Paradise Lost whenever a reply seemed necessary. After a little they retired defeated.

As time was getting short, we reg retfully packed up the canoe again and took a steame r down the sea, through th e Bosporus, to Istanbul. Here, we spent a few days sightseeing in the mosques and bazaars, while we were making general enquiries about the cheapest way home. Eventua lly, we went by Italian cargo-boat to Peiraieus , a nd changed there to a Greek boat which took us to Brindisi. The two ·days which we spent on board her were far and away the most uncomfortable of the whole trip, ·for a thunderstorm made it impossible to sleep on deck , and our ship was no exception t:o the desc riptions that we had been given of Greek cargo-boats .

From Brindisi, ·we came home by train and finally reached London at a few minutes to midnight on th e fift h day after leaving Istanbul.

B. VI/.

WHITLOW.

THE LENGUA INDIANS OF THE PARAGUAYAN CHACO HE Paraguayan Chaco differs greatly from Paraguay proper, from which it is separated by the river Paraguay. The latte1 is a beautiful and fertile country, with hills and rivers and luxuriant vegetation. The Chaco, on the other hand, is a monotonous, unfe rtile plain, suffering alternately from floods and droughts . I t has never attracted a great influx of white settlers and is still largely an unknown country , even to the soldiers who fo ug ht there in the recent war bet,Yeen Paraguay and Bolivia. For the most part it is dotted with palms, not very densely, but sufficiently close together to make a d istant view only occasionally possible . The grass often g rows three feet high. Here and there are patches of dense jung le.

Sometimes there are open plains or swamps half hidden by the tall pl ants which grow in or near water. But what is most typical is the almost interlninable palm fo rest, which extends north, south, east and west, as far as the eye can see a nd beyond. Insect life is abundant. At cei-tain seasons in the worst pl aces mosquitoes swarm day and night. There are many vari eties of ants; and the jungle harbours an abundance of garrapatas or ticks. There are also sandflie s , blood-sucking beetles, fl eas, lice, jiggers and domestic flies; and this list is not ex haustive.

T

84

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

It is not to be expected that a country of these characteristics would by choice be inhabited by a people of high culture, although it must be admitted that the Chaco has a sinister charm of its own which attracts even while it repels. But the monotony of the country itself, the difficulty of travel, and the li fe generally lived there has a bad effect on most Europeans ; previously existing peculiarities are accentuated and new ones are contracted.

The Leng¡ua Indians are one of the most important of the indigenous tribes of the Paraguayan Chaco. As they lived nearest to the river Paraguay, they were the first to become known to ¡ the white man. There is a Mongolian cast about their features, and some of them have oblique eyes. Their lips are generally rather thick and their noses flat. Their hair is straight, coarse and black.

They are generally healthy, but epidemics of small-pox have sometimes wiped out whole villages, and epidemics of measles, whooping-cough and influenza, if they occur, are liable to take a heavy toll of the children. The primitive life of these Indians was nomadic.

They wandered about in small clans of about twenty or thirty, hunting and fishing, keeping near to swamps, riachos and waterholes, never staying for long at a time in any particular place. They planted gardens with pumpkins, sweet potatoes and mandioca, but they were always more dependent on the wild fruits, mainly the different varieties of the algarroba bean and the heart of the palm tree. On account of their nomadic life they never troubled to build anything elaborate or even adequate in the way of huts. Their possessions were very few: bows and arrows , a hard-wood digging implement, a clay cooking pot, a water--pot, string¡ bags for carrying things, fire-sticks, a pipe, <L crude axe made of a piece of meteoric stone fastened to a wooden handle, various ornaments, and clothes, consisting usually of a leather skirt for the women and a blanket of native woven sheep's wool for the men. Now every Indian family, however remote er intermittent its contact with civilization, possesses some iron implements, a knife, an axe, an iron cooking-pot, a bucket, a hoe, needles, or even a gun.

The habits of the Lenguas are thoroughly communistic. It is interesting to follow the progress of a shirt of distinctive appearance as it goes from father to son, to broth er , to brother-in-law, to uncle, to g randson, and (with luck) back aga in. These same habits are evident in their eating and drinking. The usual drink is tererd, yerba mate infused with cold water in a cow's horn, and sucked up through a bombilln in the usual way. The horn is continually replenished by a mugful of water from a bucket, and passed to each in turn. The usual food of the Indians who are employed on

Photo: E.LG.I'. .\ TYl'J C. \L

\. JEW

I\" THE

L'.\R.\l ; U .-\Y .-\\"

C H .-\ CO

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

85

estancias is maize, which is cooked in a three-legged iron pot; the family sit round with their spoons (or spoon). Their method of eating algarroba beans is first of all to pound them in a wooden mortar. The resultant mangled mess is put into a bowl uf some kind, moistened if necessary with water. The head of the family then takes a double handful and extracts as much as he can by squeezing, suction or mastication . The pulp is then returned to the bowl and others do the best they can. \i\Tater is added when the mixture becomes too dry, and unless there is great abundance of the beans the same mash will go round the circle more than once. One variety of bean contains a purple dye which stains the mouth (and face and hands) and flavours the breath. This kind is the most pleasant to eat; but whether it is better or worse when ea t en according to the above mentioned method I am unabl e to say.

Although in their primitive state as a result of their superstitions the I ndians are to a certain extent troubled by fears, t hey are nevertheless of a happy and cheerful disposition. They live very much in the present, and if they have just had a good meal, or have one in immediate prospect, they feel that there is not much wrong with life. They arc ve ry prone to scrounge , and to grumble if their requests are denied, but they can themselves be generous. Before leaving the village at Makthlawaiya I went round saying g¡ood-bye to the people. \i\Thcn I came to one old man, active still but onceyed, he began to say ' I am very poor. I have hardly any possessions. I've only got this old pipe.' I smiled imvardly at thi s ¡wellknown formula. I thought I recognized the ' old shirt opening ' or the ' trousers g¡ambit.' But I was mistaken, for he continued, referring to the pipe which he held in his hand, ' Do you want it? ' I thanked him and cleclinec\, but I have not forgotten the kind thought of the old man who offered me the only thing he had which he thought suitable to give me.

The Indians arc very proud, and it is mainly because of this that they are often unwilling to learn anything new for fear of making fools of themselves in the process of learning. They may be eager to try something new for the first time, but on finding it more difficult than they expected will not try again. They also lack to a great extent the faculty of being able to persevere in the face of difficulty or possible failure. I sometimes used to run a distance of about a mile in the evening for exercise, and some of the Indians would join me for part of the way. One youth, whom I knew to be a good runner and who had every reason to be in good form, seemed disposed to give up after about a quarter of a mile and he had not even started at the beginning . 'Persevere,' I said, 'you

8G

ST. EDMUND HALL lVlAGAZINE

can do it.' ' All right,' he replied, and ran the remaining h alf mile without difficulty. He had physical qualifications for a really good long distance runner, but he lacked 'guts.'

The intelligence of the Indians is not of a high order, and they only show a desire to learn such things as seem to have an immediate practical value. It is mainly because of this lack of interest and power to concentrate that it is very difficult to teach the children in school even the most elementary things. Some, however, do well and give the teacher a little much needed encouragement. Many of the men speak Guarani (an hidian language which is really the national language of Paraguay) quite fluently, and also know some Spanish and one or more Indian languages besides their own. The complicated patterns that the women weave into belts and blankets show too that they do possess a good deal of ability.

The Indians in their primitive state were content to put up a few forked sticks with cross-bars as the framework for their huts.

Smaller branches, palm fans and grass completed the roof and that was often as far as the building went. Their houses on the mission stations and on some of the estancias are much more permanent and comfortable structures. The framework is first made of palm logs and roofed with tejas (tiles) of palm. Tejas are formed by splitting and hollowing out lengths of palm which are then laid concavely, with suitable spaces, from the ridge pole to the lateral cross beams. 'Vhen the spaces are fi.1lecl by placing other tejas convexly over the first row, an excellent water-proof roof -is made with a minimum of effort and cost. The walls are constructed of palm log_s packed with mud, and the floor is just beaten day. Most of the houses also have a verandah which usually faces east.

Such is the house occupied by Jose Kyelaiam, one of the leading Indians on the mission station of Makthlawaiya. He is a good looking Lengua of average height (about 5 ft. 5 in.) and a milkman by occupation. That does not mean that he delivers milk in sealed glass bottles, but that he looks after the milk cows and does the milking. He rises before light to go to the corral. Before he has been at work long the bell rings for the other regular workmen to turn out, and his eldest sons Alejandro and Kilwaia, aged about twenty-four and twenty-two respectively, are told their work for the day. Alejandro, who lives in a house of his own with wife and child, is regularly employed on the estancia and is a good cattle man. Kilwaia, contrary to native custom, . lives with his wife at his father's house instead of with her people. His wife was formerly a teacher in the school. His own work varies: sometimes he is

Ph oto: E. L. G.P.

.\ PRC:M IT IVE T\'DL\N VILLAGE.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

87

employed carting or fencing or making dams, sometimes he is sent to fetch the mail from Concepcion or to take letters to sub-stations.

Anita, the eldest daughter, aged eighteen, accompanied by Juanita -the unique case of a Lengua old maid-goes to work at one of the m~ssionaries' houses. As they cross the village green (humorously referred to as the Plaza by missionaries), they brandish glowing logs which they use for lighting the fire. About an hour later the wife, Ethel, w ill take the yo ung-est child, aged three, to the Infant Welfare Clinic-how grand that sounds-to be bathed and feel, and at the same time the other three members of the family, Zacarias, Carmen and Cristobel, go to school to behave as well as they are obliged to, and to learn as little as they can without getting into serious trouble.

Half-way through the morning the rnen stop work for a drink of terere and the wives get the food rations for the men who are working. At about I I o'clock the men stop work and the families gather round their respective cooking-pots to eat and drink and gossip until it is tim e to start work again at about 2 o'clock. After another three hours work there is a short service in church, followed by the opening of the store to enable the people to make small purchases. vVhen the store is closed the people return home, if it is getting dark; "if it is still light, the young men play a game of some kind, and the women and girls will go d0\n1 to the swamp for the last bucket of water before turning in for the night. At nig-ht, after they have had their evening meal, when they are sitting round the fire, usually in the open or under the verandah, tl1at is the best time to visit an Indian family. At such a time l have often spent an hour at Kyelaiam's (or another Indian's) house, drinking mate and talking and hearing the latest news, seated the while on the seat of honour, a stool or old box with a sheepskin for a cushion. They have not much furniture, a catre (wooden bedstead strung with raw hide) or two, a few cow hides for grounclsheets, one or two crudely rnacle stools, and their mosquito nets. vVhen there is i1o more taste in the yeYba and the conversation flags, it is time for me to take my departure, and another clay is over. That is life as it is to-clay on the mission stations.

Althouh the population of the Chaco is very sparse, and the unit 0ÂŁ land for sale or rent is the square league, the Chaco is now occupied to a far g-reater extent than formerly. Practically no estancia is more than four leagues away from some other estancia or subsidiary cattle-ranch in charge of a Paraguayan or European.

In the Chaco th ere are more Britons than any other European

88

ST. EDl\'lUND HALL MAGAZINE

nationals, but in Paraguay proper (on the eastern side of the river) Germans predominate . The majority of the Lenguas have attached themselves to the various estancias where some of the men are employed in cattle work, fencing, building and other jobs. This arrangement is satisfactory to Indians and estancieros alike, as the latter are able to obtain cheap labour, and the former have the advantage of regular food rations (for workmen and their families) and of the proximity of a store where they can obtain yerba 'm ate, powder, shot, cartridge caps, matches, soap, tobacco, cloth, etc.

All estanci-a stores are also prepared to give a price for the various articles which Indians have t o sell, hides and feathers, wax, native-made belts and ponchos. The Indians arc not taught to read and write except on the mission stations, and so far only mission Indians have been allowed to go with carts for provisions and other goods from . Concepcion (usually eight to ten days trip there and back) without supervision, but a few of the Indians on the estancias a re as efficient and reliable as most of the mission Indians.

Fifty years ago the Chaco was practically unexplored. One ot two w ell-armed surveying parties had made expeditions into the interior, but there w ere no white residents, and no friendly contact ha d been established with the Indians. In 1889 Barbrooke Grubb, who had a few years experience with the Yaghan Indians of Tierra del Fuego, was sent b y the South American Missionary Society to prepare the way for the evangelization of the Chaco Indians. After undergoing many hardships and being frequently in danger of his life from those he had come to help, he succeeded in establishing friendl y contact with the Lenguas and in learning their language.

Owing to the difficulty of travel in the country, and on account of the nomadic habits of the Indians when living their natural life, it serned necessary to establish a ¡central station. By organizing industrial work for them it was possible, in time, to gather together two or three hundred Indians on a mission station. Employment was found for the men, who were trained in carpentry, agriculture, building, fencing, in making corrals and dams, and in other estancia work. A school was started to teach the children (and adults) to read and write; and there were daily opportunities for instruction in the Christian faith. Much has been achieved b y this method, and there is a great difference between the mission Indians of to-day and the wild I nclians of fifty years ago .

E. L. G. Powvs.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

89

THE FLOWERS ROUND OXFORD

S

OP HISTICATED though Oxford is, one does not have to wander far to find wild stretches of woocll,ancl, marshes and rolling clowns . Last yea r I described the flowers of Oxford, but there is a far greater wealth of flora to be found if one ex tends the radius of one's search to one of twe nty mil es from Oxford.

Damp alluvial meadows s tretch all along the Thames Valley, where the \ i\Tild Tulip, the Fritillary and many other typical plants may be found, locally ab undant in a large n umber of places . The Tu lip is usuall y barren, and I have never had th e good fortune to sec its flaming yellow cups rising from the grass. On Otmoor, the meadows of which are mere fen, there grows a very rare violet (Viofo stugnina) . AU my attempts to reach it have so far been fru str at ed, for, when the meadows were not flood ed , aeroplanes were using them for bombing practice, and a faded and superflu ous notice told me that it was 'dangerous to proceed beyond this point.'

At Cothill, w hich lies north-west of Abingclon , there is some very interesting bog lancl wh ere a number of plants flourish t hat are very rare in the south of England. One of these , the Butterwor t (Pinguicula vulgaris), has sticky yellow leaves, from which arise sing le violet flowers. The leaves are covered with digestive glands, to which flies and small insects adhere and are killed and absorbed by the plant. This extraordinary method of feeding is adopted by a numb er of the rarer bog plants. Another such is the Su ndew (Drosera rotundifolia), of which there arc several patches on th e bog-moss at Cothill. The leaves here are spoon-sh a ped and bright reel with long¡ st icky hairs, upon which insects settle. Once a Hy is caught, it can never escape, for the stiff h airs b end towa rds it like tentacles until their sticky ends are in contact w ith the whole of its body, th e entire leaf eventually folding round it. Juices are then secreted and the struggling -fly is killed and digested, the leaf subsequently uncurlin g- in readiness for another visitor. The fl owers are small, white and of little account. There, too, in the peaty pools, may be found the most remarkable of all the British insectivorous plants, the Bladderwort (Utricularia major). It consists simply of a floating feat hery g rowth, which ramifies just under the water and bea rs curiou s bladders up to abou t one-sixth of an inch in dia meter. In July, the flower-spikes appear a bove the water, bearing a few curious yellow flowers, rather reminiscent of an orchid. The bl adders, thoug h so small, are the most inge nious

90

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

structures found in any plant, being in fact highly efficient traps for water-fleas and other tiny pond creatures . Lon g thin hairs project from them into the water !and are so arranged that, if an insect comes in contact w ith one, a trap-door springs open an d a reduced pressure inside the bladder causes th e luckless creature to be swept in. The pressure now being equalized , the door falls back into place and cannot be opened from the inside, so that the insect has to submit to being killed .a nd digested by the plant's juices, the trap later re-setting itself .

Besides the insectivorous plants, there are a numb er of other fine things at Cothill, of w hich the Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris), with its large w hite flower of exquisitely veined pe tals, is the most striking. Several orchids can be found there , including the three Marsh Orchids, with pink or purple flowers (O ¡rchis incarnata, 0. praetermissa and 0. la.tifolia), and the curious pinkishgreen Marsh H elleborine (E:pipactis palustris). The little pink Bog¡ Pimp ernel (AnagaUis tenella), the R ed Rattl e (Pediculwris palusfris), th e Wild Columbin e (Aqu.ilegia vu lgaris), the fluffy white Cotton-gras s (Eriophontm latifolimn) and a host of other plants endue the place in summer with a wealth of colour and interest .

Though there are other marshes and fens near Oxford, th ere is none to c ompare with Cothill for richness of flora.

Th e dry limestone of the Cotswold hills produces a characteristic set of plants, correlated with the difference of habitat .

North-west of Oxford the Oolitic limestone approaches quite close . and at Fawley some very interesting pl~nts can be fo und in o ld disu sed quarries w here the rock is exposed. Here, on the old overgrown stone-heaps, grow a little w hite Pennycress (Thlaspi perfoliatum), w hich is confined to this one district in Eng land, a nd, associated with it, two other v ery rare little annuals, A retzaria tenuifolia and Cems ti11m pumilum, and the beautiful w hite Meadow Saxifrage (Saxifraga vanu.lata).

It is the chalk downs, however, that bear the richest flora; and the Chilterns and Berkshire Dow ns are both easily acces sible from Oxford . Perhaps the most represe ntative locality for chalk plants is Chinnor Hill on the Chilterns, a beautiful rounded slope partly cloth ed by beech woods and juniper scrub. H ere I have foun d no le ss th an ten different species of British orchids. The brilli ant Early Purple Orchis (O rc his mascula) and the paler Spotted Orchis (Orchis maculatci) are common species all over the open downs,.

M ore locally can be found the green"ish Frog Orchis (Coelogloss11m virid e) and the curious Bee Orchi s (Oph1'ys apifera), the rnimici-y of whose flowers is quite remarkable. There are good patches at

l'li otu : .\".J;.G.C. ~'l<J:\

1.; EY 0 RC H I S (Orc/1is s1'.111ia).

/ 'lwto: .\l . /,".G .C. C'\.\ R RO \ \"-L E.\\ "ED 1-1 ELI.EBO I~ I \ F (Cep'1a/a11f/J cr11 longi.fo lia ).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

91

Chinnor of the tall lilac Fragrant Orchis (Gymnadenia conopsea), a vase of which in a room is almost overpowering with its exotic scent. In the deeper shade of the beechwoods is quite a different set of orchids. Here, springing straight from the leaf-mould, are quantities of tall White Helleborine (Cephalanthern grandiflora) with one patch of the similar, but more delicate and far rarer, Narrow-leaved Helleborin e (Cephalanthera longifolia). Mixed with these are the curious brown spikes of the Bird' s-nest Orchi s (Neottia nidus-avis), rising clean from the ground without an y leaves and presenting an odd, ghostly appearance. It contains a microscopic fungus in its roots, enabling it to feed on decaying organic matter, and it can therefore dispense with the green leaves which are the chief assimilating organs of ordinary plants. The more open patches and clearings in the woods are the home of the large white Butterfly Orchis (Haber11aria chlorantha) and the green Fly Orchis ( Ophrys muscifera), whose flowers look for all the world as though a fly had settled on them. The reason for these insect mimicries is not clearly understood as, far from serving as a n attractiv e device, they repel insects, who imagine the flower to be a lready occupied .

Apart from orchids there are other unusual plants at Chinnor, of which one of the most quaint is the Yellow Bird's-n es t (Monotropa hypopitys), growing with and bearing considerable resemblance to the Bird's-nest Orchis. It differs in being pale yellow a ll over instead of brown a nd in bearing a few droopin g tubular flowers. In some clearings are the bushy growths of the rare Deadly Nightshade (Afropa belladonna), with its evil-looking purplish flowers or poisonous berries. On the open grassy slopes are man y Jo-w growing plants , of which the Horseshoe Vetch (Hippocrepis comosa) is characteristic and often stains the ground with gold, while here and there blaze out trumpets of purple from the dwarf Clustered Bellflower ( Campanula glmn.era-ta) .

The Chilterns break off at Goring and rise on the south side of the Thames as the Berkshire Downs. The gap so formed is another haunt of orchids. Most of the Chinnor species grow here, with the addition of a special rarity, the Monkey Orchis (Orchis simia).

This orchid was formerly much more widespread, but it is now apparently restricted to this one district in the British Isles, and even h ere there is little of it left. The short spike is composed of flowers which are curiously human in shape and of a delightful shade of pale pink with dark purple markings . 'fhe rather simi lar Military Orchis (Orchis rnilitaris) used also to grow here , but is nearly if not quite extinct; and this, too, is probably true of the

92

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Leafless Epipogon, the rarest of British orchids, which has been recorded near H enley. In springtime the clowns on the Berkshire side of the gap are strewn wi th the wide purple stars of the Pasque Flower (Anem one pulsatilla), sitting stem less on its ferny leaves, looking as though they had strayed from some Swiss a lpine meadow.

Further a long the Berkshire Downs the steep escarpmen t of \ i\Th ite Horse Hill rises, bare and wind swept, above the smooth wealcl. In July the ground is embroidered with the brilliant blue of the rare Milk wort (Polygala calcarea), with occasio na l patches of its rose-pink and white varieties . Here and there are the woolly stems of the so-called Field Ragwort (Sen ecio campestris) ·with one or two large golden daisy-flowers perched on top, and local patches of the tiny mauve Gentian (Genfrana lingulata v. praecox).

Here a lso grow the commoner annual gentians with their pale flowers, their relatives, Yellow-\vOrt and Centa ury, and a number of the orchids wh ich I have already described.

Not only are these wi ld places productive of interes ting flowers: the roadsides and cultivated fields, gay with blossom in the summertime, every now and then reveal a rarity. It is, indeed, the great variety of the countryside round Oxford that accounts for the r ichness of its flora.

N . E. G. CRUTTWELL.

BAGDHAD AND BACK FOR £50 N the summ er vacation, or rather holidays, as it then was, a school friend from Bloxham and I set out to travel to Bagdhad and back on not more than £50. Before we started it was pointed out that we should be doing at least six thousand miles, and that would wo rk out at twopence a mil e for food and travel. As it .tm·ned out, it was quite easily done, and we had covered seven thousand miles on much less than £50 by th e time we ret urned.

On July 29th, availing ourselves of a generous lift , we took our departure from London in a Rolls for H arwich and took the boat for Antwerp. From there we drove straight to Bayreuth , to w itness Wagner's opera ' Parsifal.' We stayed there for several days, and th en moved on through Austria, Italy and the north of Y ugoSlavia to Budapest. I may add in passing that we never changed do wn in that car the whole time we were climbing among the Alps an d the Dolomites . From Budapest we took a river-boat to Russe in Bulgaria. With the exception of the short distance in which the river passes through the Iron Gates, th ere was little to be seen,

I

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

93

though each time we landed a swarm of fruit-sellers descended on the boat. Vie had some hours in Belgrade, and were able to see something of the city . I was very impressed by the fact that a railway line ran through the cafe in which we were having our evening meal, and to our joy a goods train went by.

Eventually we got to Russe and were glad to leave the boat, for the decks were very hard for sleeping . Yf.J e took a train from there for Varna, which really is a lovely town. At first we thought it was awful, but that was probably b ecause th e s tation is in the least pleasant part, and the lunch we had was not too nice. Fortunately we got fairly cheap lodgings, costing about fivepence a night. We spent the clays bathing and trying various iced drinks, until we could get a boat for Constantinople. I was not very impressed with this city itself, though S. Sophia was lovely and other buildings were well ·worth visiting. No boats for Palestine seemed to be going for nearly a week , so we decided to take th e Taurus express to Tripoli in Syria. Our run was uneventful but very hot indeed-the types of the va rious passengers who came in were very interesting . Everyone was very friendly, but they had a disconcerting h abit of forcing salted sun -flower seeds on us, which aggravated our thirst. Even without these seeds we had a pretty healthy desire for drink and the only way to get water ;,vas to buy it either in the wagon-lit restaurant car at an exorbitant price, or from a g reedy rascal on the p latform. From Tripoli we went by car to Beirut-though ca r-travel was quite cheap and fa r more comfortable, there was nothing novel, except the driver, about it: in the train there were many distractions such as the ticket collector coming along· the outside of the moving train. On arrival at Beirut, a swarm of yelling Arabs descended on us talking what I think they thought was English-it was not like the usual Arabic, whatever it might h ave b een . Luckily we managed to catch the one word ' Damas,' and that being our next destination we repeated 'Dam as .' They fairly cheered at that and rushed us off to a bus which we entered after paying an absurdly small fare and soon jolted off to, wonder of wonders, Damascus. In Damascus we were better off as far as language went, because they could understand French. Several hotels there would not have us because we were none to presentabl e, but eventually after some bargaining we were taken in. After that we had to arrange for transport across the desert, and were lucky enough to find a man who wou ld take us the six hundred m iles for £r each. \Ve then had two clays to explore the city and we did it pretty thoroughly. Early on the third day we started off into the desert in company with abou t two

!J4

ST. EDl\!UND HALL MAGAZINE

dozen Arabs and Bagdhadis and one Chinaman. The bus rattled terribly and the heat was most oppressive during the day but it was very cold at night. There was only one sign of life the whole way and that was at Rutbar on the pipe-line. About noon the following day we arrived in Bagdhad. We had only one clay there, but spent most of that looking round. It was there that we bought ou r first mementos-a pair of cuff-links sold by a charming old rob ber called John th e Bap tist. W e were unable to get our return Syrian visa a nd had some trouble with the frontier authorities on our return-we were lucky to get away with it and be deported on the Palestinian and not back on the Iraquian side of the coup try'. \i\T e then went to J erusalem and met the members of \i\Tycliffe Hall who were spending their long vacation term in Palestine. There were no riots or other disturbances wh ile we were in the City. From Jerusalem we went by train to Cairo, helping a sick man with his luggage.

W e liked Cairo so much that we spent a week there, being present_ at the bl essing of the Nile and the announcement of King Farouk 's engagement. For a change we went by air from there to Alexandria and caug ht a boat for Greece-the voyage lasted two full days, and all we had to eat was a box of biscuits, b ecause we could not get food being deck-travellers. We spent three clays in Athens, and then took a boat up the D almatian coast, where the British fleet was much in evidence, to Venice. As time was short, we had to hurry on after only one clay to Pari s, where we saw the Exhibition, and so home. Not the least embarrassing moment of a11, was the awful silence which greeted our arr ival in a cafe in London for breakfast. Looking at myself in a mirror which the proprietors so thoughtfully provided, I was really not surprised.

H. D. E ASTWOOD.

BOOK REVIEWS Under this heading there are noticed or re路viewed 路r ecently published books or articles that possess a special Aularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents . We shall be glad to have such books and a路rticles brought to our notice .

FIRST-CENTuRY CHRISTIANITY. By the Most Reverend J. \'Al. C. Wand, D.D. 8vo, pp. xii + 172. Oxford University Press, 1 937 路 5s.

The Archbishop of Brisbane seems to be an indefatigable worker.

This is the second volume that he has published since he left Oxford for Australia, and it is no less distinguished by its scholar-

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

95

sh ip and up-to-date learning than was his ' History of the Ea rly Church .' What it contains is the substance of the Moorhouse L ectures w hich were delivered in St. Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, in the year 1936 . It cannot b e often that those who take advantage of the lectures provided by this found ation have had the privilege of attending a course so absorbing in its general theme and so attractive in its treatment. The Church in Brisbane is to be congTatulated on having a Chief Shepherd who is not only competent to gu ide his flock but also sufficiently learned to in s tru ct it.

This book does not profess to be a history of th e Ch ri st ian Church in the first century; there are already plenty of those in the field. Rather its a im is to a nswer the question, ' \ Nhat was the original Christianity?', and the method pursued is to make a thorough investigation into the thought a nd work of the Christians of the first century . Thus .i t starts off by analysing the conceptions of Messiahship held in the earl y C hurch and by outlinin g th e view which J esus had of His ow n person . Then it proceeds to show that to the earliest Christia ns Christi anity was essentia lly a Life, and a Life received through Faith, involving Conversion, and r esult in g· in th e consciousness o:f Salvation. Having made these two importa nt points, the author launches out on a brief sketch of the new Eth ic , the new Faith , the new Organisation, and the new Intellectual Freedom which in the primitive community were based up on the new life on ·which they had entered .

This short summary scarcely gives an adequate idea of the numerous important facts and issues discussed in the book. Thus in the first chapter the main problem is to decide whether Jesus did in fact regard Himself as the Messiah , and the reader will probably commend Dr. \i\T and fo r his sober treatment of such oppe>site extremists as Guignebert and Loisy . In his discussion of the beginnings of the Creed h e shows himself acquainted with the lates t views of Dr. Lietzmann : indeed he is the first w riter to give these revolutionary views currency in English. Later, when he comes to deal with the question of o rga nisation, he is able to point out calmly and wisely the truth and th e '"ex aggeration in the spec ulations of the late Dr. Streeter concerni ng the Ministry. The last chapter is particularly interes ting; in it he emphasises the fact, on · which stress is not always sufficiently la id , that in primitive Christianity there was no hard-an d-fast dog matic system but a great deal of creative thought.

The book closes with two interesting features. One is a succi nct and admirable note on the prin cipa l early Christian writings which are mentioned in the text. Th e other is an appendix on

96

ST. EDl\lUND HALL MAGAZINE

Reunion, in which Dr. \!Vane! seeks to correlate what he has ascertained to be the characteristic notes of ea rly Christianity with the urgent problems of ecclesiastical division to-clay. This passage is marked by the clarity with which he sees the iss ues and by the sensible suggestions which he puts forward for the amelioration of the situation.

J.N.D. K. FIRMLY I BELIEVE. By the R ev . Canon Duncan Armytage , l\I.A ., pp. 76. A. R. Mowbray and Co . Ltd. 1s. 6d.

Undoubtedly one of. the urgent requirements of the present age is a supply of ably reasoned expositions of the Christian religion written in a style adapted to tbe man in the street. On every band other philosophies of the universe and of conduct are spreading th ei r propaganda in th e form of attractive and popularly written monograph s , and only too often the case for Christianity is lost owing either to misunderstanding or to misrep resentatio n. Here at a ny rate we have one excellent attempt to step into the breac h.

The Canon Missioner of Southwark has taken as his text the famili ar hymn by Newman, 'Firmly I believe and truly,' which in reality forms the confession of faith of the dying Gerontius, and on the basi s of it has produced five simple and direct instructio ns on the cardinal tene,ts of our religion.

The.y ,w ere ori ginally preach ed as sermons in Southwark C athedral, and also have a ppeared in the Chui-eh Times. The subject treated in the first th ree are the doctrin es of the Trinity, the Incarnation and the Atonement, while the two final lectures treat of the Sacram en ts a nd the Church.

Throughout Canon Armytage manifests grea t expository skill, and h is sympathetic understanding of the ordinary man's difficulties is only rivalled by his ability in resolving them.

The standpoint adopted is thoroughly orthodox and Catholic, without, however, any trace of narrowness or obscurantism. The book deserves to be widely read, fo1; it provides not only a sound and balan ced account of the essentials of the Christian Faith, but also an eloquent defence of it. â&#x20AC;˘ J.N.D.K. SOURCES or EKG LISH CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY: A Selection of Documents from J\ .D. 600 to the Present. Edited and translated by Carl Stephenson and Frederick G. Marcham. 8vo. pp . xxxiv+go6. Harper and Bros., New York and London, 1937 .

1\ny effort to gather within the compass of a single volume the cardinal documentary sources of English constitutional his lor.y deserves the sympathetic attention of the constitutiona l hi storian,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

97

who has hitherto had to seek his texts among some half a dozen ·overlapping collections un eq ual both in proportions and in merit.

But for Aularians the present volume h as an additi onal interest, since its co-ed itor is Professor F . G. Marcham, who bas bee n _, mainly responsible '-to quote the preface-for t he period from 1485 onwards, which in fact occupies two-t hird s of the book.

The coll ection is divided chronological ly in to fourteen sections, ·of which eight cover th e modern p eriod· and take us from Poy nin g's law and th e reformation s tatutes . to th e 1932 deba te in the Com mon s on cabinet responsibility, the records of the ab d ication of Edward VIII and the co ron a tion oath taken by his present majesty .

Each section has b een prefaced by a brief introductory note con taining informat ion both general a nd bibliographical, and of these numbers seven and fourteen may be s in gled out as particularly apt .

Th ere is a useful gene ral bibliography at the encl of the volume .

The chronolog ical limits of each section are at the conventional )rears-1603, 1642, r 66o, and so forth-save t ha t the last two groups , covering together th e period 1830- 1936, have been severed at the year 1880. It would b e unfair to cavil at such a cl eavag e ; some such div ision there clearly had to be, and 1880 is no less suitable th an any other year. But it is perhaps pardonable to wonde r ·wheth er -w ithout unduly st raining the principles on w hich th e whole collection h as been built- it might not have been possible to segregate the documents, chiefly statutes, of imperial rath er than clorriestic significance and thus form a separate section illustrating the constitutional developm ent o:f the conimonwealth a s dis tinc t from the United Kingdom . From the strictly consti t ution a l _point of view the Trades Disputes Act of 1906 and the Union of South Africa Act of 1909 make as in congruous a pair o:f bedfellows as-to take another example-th e Emergency Powers Act of 1920 and the Irish Free State Agreement Act of 1922 . To h av e the documents illustrative of the prin ciples on ·which the constitutional -development of Canad a evolved in the same section as the statutes on which the cons titutions of th e several dominions have been based would undoubtedly have been a g reat convenience to the student.

I n selecting their documents the ed ito rs f1avc ranged widely, though, as they exp lain in the p reface , the_v hav e above all 'prized ·d irect information concerning the organs of government ' and have th us preferred official to unofficia l compositions.

Their central probl em h as been the selec tion of documents additional to 'the great monuments that everybody considers essential ' a nd which they reckon to occupy about half the available space; but it may

98

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

at once be agreed tha t their choice of these supplementary documents has fairly solved it-though the purely English historian might conceivably be tempted to murmur a little at the space devotee\ to the history of colonial Amer ica. Not only have they reprinted important but unfamiliar excerpts from the privy council register and from the records of the star chamber but they have also happily illustrated the development of Tudor a nd Stuart local government by extracting passages from the municipal records oi Leicester and Nottingham and the S t affordshire quarter sessions rolls. It is only to be regretted that in the most modern sections the expansion of the central province of government necessarily compelled them somewhat to limit their repertoire of illustrative sources. The only addition which might reasonably be suggested is the typographical one of inverted commas tci the t itle of the act of 3 Hen. VII, c. r ; a reference to the wel.1-known articles of Professor Pollard is indeed given at the bottom of the page, but such an additional reminder would help to simplify the problem of the star chamber for the student -- for whom th e Yolume has been expressly compiled.

The collection as a whole provides a valuable guide for the study of English constitutional history and admirably illustrates the development and ramifications of those official and administrative forces which have been so powerful an element in th e moulding of English society. It is to be hoped that it will become a,; well known and used on this side of the Atlantic as it deserves to be.

G.D.R .

TI-IE

MORNING PosT, 1772-1937, Portrait of a Newspaper.

By \ iVilfrid Hindle. 8vo., pp. xi+ 260. Routledge and Sons Ltd., London, 1937. 7s. 6d.

The extinction of the Morning Post as an independent newspaper has provided Mr. Hindle with a fitting occasion for recounting the history of its long career. Its columns have contained both _ prose and verse from the pens of a whole line of famous men from Dr. Johnson and the Lake poets to Hardy and Kipling. For most of its life it has been second only to The Times and famous as the newspaper of fashion pa1' excellence- though indeed Mr. Hindle more than once points out that this dubious distinction has been disproportionately emphasised by those who were not properly familiar with its other excellencies. But its most enduring characteristic has undoubtedly been that it was in its views ' very much the organ of the leisured classes,' and this volume is particularly interesting as a study in their opinions.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

99

Its first publisher was the bookseller Wheble, famous as the friend of John Wilke.s, and its first editor was th e Rev. Henry Bate, a versatiie ecclesiastic who is described in the rhyme affixed to the. frontispiece as A A A A

Canonical Buck, Vociferous Bully.

Duellist, Boxer, Gambler, and Cully.

Student at Law, Collector of News.

Preacher in Churches, an Actor in Stews.

He made the Morning Post a ' west-end sheet ' from the beginning, but after an imprisonment for libel had prematurely severed his connection with the paper its fortunes sank until in 1795 it was rescued by one Daniel Stuart who in the course of eight years raised it again to prosperity and reputation. He sold the paper in i803 for £z5,ooo-a profit of more thaa 4,000 per cent. ( a misprint makes it 400) over the £600 for which he had bought it; but an even more remarkable feat than this was his success in securing contributions from the Lake poets-Coleridge in particular. After the sale the Morning Post entered upon another and longer period of decline; it became the organ of the extreme faction which clustered round the Regent and sank very low indeed in its attacks upon Cobbett, Burdett and radicals in general.

In the late twenties it again began to recover and for brief periods in the thirties leaders written by Praed and Disraeli shed lustre upon its columns. But its second renaissance dates from the editorship of Peter Borthwick, whose family remained in close connection with the Morning Post from 1849 until Lord Apsley sold his interest in it in 1935· The creator of the modern Morning Post was Algernon Borthwick--later Lord Glenesk-who controlled it first as editor and then as proprietor. Its sympathy with social reform, its persistent hostility to Irish nationalism and its advocacy of protection was inherited from an earlier epoch, but he added fresh ingredients-an insistence upon politics as politics, an active sympathy for imperalism (after a bout of Little England sentiment), a practical interest in charitable enterprises-and an accurate sporting section. His heroes were Palmerston and subsequently Disraeli.

For further details the reader must go to the pages of Mr. Hindle, who has put together his highly interesting narrative with an unassuming skill and discretion. Problems remain to be solved in the history of the lvlorning Post-above all, we would like to know more about the connections with the Regent and with Palmerston-but this modest ' portrait' conveys admirably the

100

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

reputation it bore from gen eration to generation . As The Thunder er itself has happily remarked , Mr. Hindle's book s uggests that could the spirit of the Morning P ost be conjured up for consultation this might b e found to be the kind of memorial which it would its elf approve.

G.D.R. AN ARMORIAL FOR CUMBERLAND. A record of the a rms, quarterings, crests , ba dges, supporters and mottoes borne by families resident, owning land , wi thi n the County from the twelft h century to the present day, together with a history of local h eraldry and some genealogical notes. By F. J. Field . Publi shed by the Cumberland and \1Vestmorland Antiq uarian and Archaeological Society . Svo., pp. xvi + 343. Kendal: 1937 .

Cumberiand offers a ri ch field fo r the student of he raldry . Not only h ave m any border famili es of distinction had t heir homes w ith- ¡ in the coun ty, but this corner of Englan d has also supported a numerous lesser gentry for whom constant military service and t he incentive of soci al a mbition made the ass umpti o n of coat-armour fas hionable . And in later centuries there flour ished in these parts a prosperous farming community, prominent a mong whom were the small landed proprietors or state smen who had originally owed feudal service to the crown, but who had resisted the efforts m ade

by J am es I. a fter the Union to reassert a claim to it. ' It is surprising to find,' writes Mr. Field, ' that practica ll y every farm er in the northern parts of t he county laid claim to arm s, however humble in rank he was or uncouth in m an ners.' The existence of this statesman heraldry lends a pa rticular interest to the armorial which Mr . Field has composed. T he evidences for much of it have had to be collected from crumbling tomb-s tones in rem ote chu rchyards a nd ' from farmhou se lintel s u pon h a lf-deserted by-roads and hamlets ' ; consequ ently the task w hich be has set himself has b een a laborious one.

Mr. F iel d is to be congratulated on the results of hi s resea rch.

Not only is th e collection that he b as made impressive in its fulness, but bi s arrangement of the materia l that h e bas collected is a mode l of wh a t an armo ri al should be. H e has , moreover, prefaced his armorial with a valuable c hapte r on heraldry in C umberland . Thi s chapter affords in itself a most readable and instructive epitome of the ri se and development of Engli sh heraldry; an d its interest is by no means res tricted to students of he raldry an d to descendants of Cumberland families. It conta ins much information that is generally illu strative of Eng lish social hi sto ry.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

101

The remoteness of Cumberland in former times and the independent spirit of its statesmen did not make easy the task of the heralds charged with its visitation. ' Herald, there was none to say them nay,' wrote that energetic Cumberland antiquary, Chancellor Ferguson, whom Mr. Field quotes on this subject, ' bold man must have been any official of the College of Arms to venture into Bewcastle and rneddle with the tombstones of the Arm strongs and Routledges, and the strange armorial achievements sculptured thereon. His probable fate would have been to be " spatchcocked " with his head in a rabbit hole and his legs pinned clown with stake .'

Mr. Field has happily carried through his survey without running a ny such danger.

A.B.E. lLL YRIA; A NEW STUDY OF SHAKESPEARE. By Kenneth Muir and Sean O'Loughlin. pp. 242. London: Methuen and Co., 1937· 7s. 6d.

THE VOYAGE TO

This recent volume represents a brilliant attempt to trace the interrelations of Shakespeare 's play s, sonnets, and minor poems , an d to deduce from them some idea of the man who was their creator. The authors have gone about their project in b est modern sty le; they take full advantage of what biog-raphical facts are available, and depencl for the rest on their interpretation of the Shakespea rean text, largely from the standpoint of clin ical psychology. They pay special attention to the imagery. The picture that emerges is indeed an interesting one .

We arc told that Shakespeare's emotional maladjustment began with his unfortunate marriage to Ann Hathaway. The balance of the young poet's nature was further upset, after he came to London, by th e bitter experiences referred to in the Sonnets; and the tragedy reached its height in a final b etrayal in 1598 by the Earl of Southampton, who was the 'Mr. VI!. H.' to whom the Sonnets had been dedicated. Out of the poet' s struggle to solve his own problem- the integration of love with sex-the great poetry and dramas were born; three solutions, each m;:irking· a stage in the progress, are to be found in 'An tony and Cleopatra,' ' The Phoenix and the Turtle,' and-finally--' The Tempest.'

One can feel throughout the book the intensity ·with which the authors have grappled with their material; the very style is stuffed with Shakespeare's idioms and imagery. As for the calibre of the juclgments expressed, that can perhaps be best indicated by a couple of extracts : ' Except for traces of the Dark Lady in the early heroines, and except for th e obv ious vi tality of the bawds and

102

ST. EDMUND HALL

MA~AZINE

- - - - - --- - -- -

whores, there is little in Shake~peare's women to indicate that they were real before Cleopatra. Rosalind, Viola, and Portia are magnificent, but they are not human . . . . The reason, of course, is that the heroines were not drawn from life, but from an idealization of Southampton.' And in Macbeth ' there are many echoes of the imagery of Lucrece, which serves to indicate ... that the theme of Macbeth is sexual in origin, and that Shakespeare, ostensibly writing about murder, is, on another level, writing on the theme of lust. This obsession with sex may very well have been caused simply by the break with Southampton, but it seems very probable that Shakespeare has sought oblivion in equivocation \vith lechery.'

Even though the reader remain unconvinced, he is continually stimulated to clarification and reassessment of his own beliefs about the plays.

Yet one can not help certain misgivings. Shakespeare is a mine where every man can find the metal he digs for; and the devil quoting Scripture is not more voluble in citation of chapter and verse than is the Shakespearean scholar with a Theory. Our own generation looks back with tolerant amusement upon an age-not long ago-that concerned itself with the Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines, and doubtless many a generation yet to come ¡will appreciate folly the quaintness of our own efforts-such as this-to chart the Voyage to Illyria in terms of free fancy and a volume of Freud.

This is not to say that the application of scientific (or quasiscientific) concepts to th_e interpretation of literature is necessarily mistaken. But to apply them successfully we must be real scientists: we must give proper weight to all relevant data, and we must devise some methodology, some system of controls, that will give us really trustworthy results.

RHODES DUNLAP.

a

A HISTORY OF THE MERCHANT NAVY. By H. Moyse-Bartlett. 8vo., pp. 303. George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., London, 1937 . 7s. 6d.

Is there as much salt in our blood as our insular position leads us to suppose? It is certainly surprising that a subject of such close concern to an island people like our own as the history of the merchant navy should have lacked an historian for the last 6fty years. Various aspects of the subject have been adequately treated in monographs during that time, but there has not been available for the general reader an historical survey which attempted, in a single volume of moderate size, to treat of the many-sided activjties which make up the story of British sea-faring over the seven seas in pursuit of trade.

ST. EDMU N D HALL MAGAZINE

103

Mr. Moyse-Bartlett has been fortunate in his opportunity; and he has skilfully contrived in less than three hundred pages to compose a comprehensive :rnd ·well-ordered histo ry. He has rightly been generous in setting bounds to hi s subject. The development of ship construction and of t he art of navigation, the ann als of oceanic exploration and the evolution of hydrography arc all brought under review. In tracing the relations of the merchant navy with the Royal Navy, Mr. Moyse-Bartlett has shown due regard for the importance of the connection between th e two , but has been careful to keep his references to naval affairs subservient to his main theme. For the earlier centuries it is not easy to draw a dividing line between naval history and that of the mercantil e m arine. Indeed, in time of war, the Royal Navy has not ceased yet to be dependent for shipping and for trained seam en and officers upon reinforcement from what has come to be called th e Merchant Service.

In the consecutive account that he has given of the development of the navigator's art, Mr. Moyse-Bartlett may claim to have broken new ground . In English na utical history the theorist and the p rac titioner have worked in close relation to one ano ther .

Thomas H a rriot , mathematician and astronomer, of St. Mary Hall, O xford, went with his pupil, S ir Walter Raleigh, to Virginia.

Edward .Wright, mathematician and hydrographer, Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, accompanied the Earl of Cumberland on his voyage to the Azores in 1589 . The back-staff or quadrant invented by John Davys, the E lizabethan explorer who gave hi s name to the Davys Straits, added an important instrumen t to the navigator' s equipment. The perfection of the marine chronometer owes much to the inventiveness a nd skill of Engli sh watchm akers, like the H ar ri sons and the Earnshaws . · A peru sal of a few pages of this interesting book will convict most readers of being greater la nd-lubbers than they have any rig ht to be.

A .B.E. AN OUTLINE OF BRITISH MILITARY HISTORY, 1660-1936. By Major D. H. Cole, M.B.E., M. A ., Litt.D., and Major E. C .

Priestley, 0.B.E., M.A. 8vo., pp. 448. Sifton Praed and Co ., Ltd ., London, 1937· Ma jor Priestley, formerly Tutor of the Hall, and his co-a uth or are to be congratulated on a second edition being called for within six month s of the original publication of this admirably lucid and succinct history of British military operations since the R estoration .

104

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE APPLICATIONS OF FLOATING EQUILIBRIUM TO THE DETERMINATION OF DENSITY. By Dr. H. Irving. Contributed to Science

Progress, Vol. xxxi, pp. 654-65, 1937.

This article vvell illustrates the increasing interest taken 111 the history of scientific processes and experimentation by those engaged to-day in scientific research. In this interesting article fir.

Irving investigates the origins and development of the employment of the flotation method in determining density. His enquiry ran ges from Archimedes to Andreae. In the course of it he adduces evidence to prove that Thomas Thompson forestalled Sir Humphrey Davy by at least three years in the discovery of the flotation method.

AMERICAN PROJECTS FOR AN AcrnEMY To REGU LATE SPEECH. By Allen liValker Read. Contributed to P11blications of the Modern Language Association of America. Vol. li, pp. 1142-79, 1936.

PROJECTED ENGLISH DICTIONARIES, 1755-1828. By Allen \ i\ Talker Read. Contribu ted to The Journal of English and Gennanic Philosophy, Vol. xxxvi, pp. 188-205, 347-66, 1937.

T1-1E AMERICAN RECEPTION OF BoTTA's SToRIA DELLA GuERRc\ DELL'INDEPENDENZA DECLI STATI UNIT! D' AMERICA. By Allen Walker Read. Contributed to Italica, Vol. xiv, pp 5-8, 1937.

BILINGUALISM IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES, 1725-75. By Allen vValker Read. Contributed to ilmerican Speech, Vol. xii, pp. 93-99, 1937· It is not to b e expected that the American genius for colloguiality should readily submit itself to rules and regulations. Nor, if we sha re Mr. Read's opinion, is it to be desired that Americans should band over their heritage in the English language to the judgment of an Academy on the lines of the Academic Fran~-aise.

In an interesting article he traces the history of the many abortive efforts that have been made since Hugh Jones, Professor of l\1athematics a t \iVilliam and Mary Co.Jlegei, writing in 1721, boldly expressed the view that ' in this Age our Language seems to be arrived at its Crisis, or highest Pitch: being sufficiently copious, significative, and fluent,' and recommended that ' lest we should spoil and overdo our Language ' a public standard should be fixed ' as a Touchstone to true English.'

In another article which reflects Mr. Read's unremitting industry as a lexicographer, he brings together particulars of more than forty fruitless attempts to produce English dicti.o naries between the years 1755 and 1828.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

105

The problems of competing languages created for the American Colonies by the settlement of immigrants from other European countries than England are illustrated by Mr. R ead in an article b ased largely upon th e evi dence of newspaper advertise ments for runaway slaves a nd indentured servants.

Turning from lex icography to hi story, Mr. Read has also written a short article recording the favourable reception given in America to translation of the first Itali a n history of the \!Var of Independence (published in Paris in 1809) which appeared in 1820 under the spo nsorship of John Quincy Ad a ms and with the approval of Jefferson.

A .B.E . r\ REINTERPRETATION OF SURREY'S CHARACTER AND .L"CTIONS . By Edwin Casady. Contributed to the Publications of The i\!Iodern Language AssociatioY} of ilme¡rica, Vol. Ii, pp . 626-35, 1936.

In reputation Henry H oward, Earl of Surrey, has suffered from the malignity of his enemies who brought him to the scaffold in 1547 . It was in the interests of those who were jealous of the position and power of th e Ho wa rds th a t currency should be given to the view that Surrey was ' the most folish prowde boye that ys in Englande.'

They succeeded so well as to sow the seeds of a tradition. Mr. Casady in his review of the poli tical and military career of Surrey shows good reason for reconsidering the unfavourable verdict that has so long persisted. It is to be hoped that this article is in the nature of a 'trailer,' preceding the publication of th e edition of the poems of Surrey upon which he has been working.

A.B .E.

AN

IRON AGE SITE AT LONG 'iVITTENI-IAM, BERKS. By H . N. Savo ry. Contributed to Oxoniensia, Vol. ii , pp. 1-11, 1937.

EAR LY

As the result of some pottery remains b ei ng found by a farmer close to his hous e at the junction of the Long 'iVittenh a m-Appl eford Road with that leading towards Didcot, the Oxford University Archa eological Society carried out excavations on the site in 1934.

The site was found to belong to an early part of the Early Iron Age. In this article Mr. Savory contributes a detailed descripti on of the s ite and the finds in pottery and other obj ects made there .

As the result of the cornparisions that he is able to make with rel ated groups of pottery represented in French and Belgian collections, he is able to demonstrate the probability that th e homelan d of the Long ' iVittenham Iron Age settlers lay somewhere in the area composed of Hainault, Artois and Pica rdy .

A.B.E.

106

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Four Oxford undergraduates, one of whom was M. J. D. Ca rmichael, were asked to address the Tewkesbury Priests' Convention in April, 1937, on the subject of Youth and the Church. The ir addresses, which have been published hy the Church Literature Association under the title R emember the Future (price 4d.), are well worth reading. That of M. J. D. Carmichael treats of' Youth and the Social Order.'

A. B. E .

MATRICULATI ONS JVIICHAELMAS TERM. Exhibitioners.

Baron, Lancelot Donald Abel (Bryanston School, Dorset).

Bartleet, Neville (Alderman Newton's School, Leicester).

Erskine, Donald (Hulme Grammar School, Manchester).

Girling, Harry Knowles (Heaton Secondary School, Newcastle-on-Tyne).

Gourlay, Kenneth Alexander (Henry Mellish County School, Beeston).

Moor, Evie Leslie (VVigan Grammar School).

Commoners. de Courcy Meade, James P atrick (A!trincbam Garm mar School).

Eastwood, H erbert David (Bloxham School).

Ensor, Alan Joseph (Keswick School).

Evans, Robert Denys Rhodri (St . John's School, Leatherhead) .

Fowler, Albert \iVilliam (Taunton's School, Southampto n).

Hallowes, Kenneth Bernard (Michaelhouse School, Natal) .

Hawkins, John Charles Lacey (Bloxha m School).

Hennell, Michael Murray (Royal Masonic School, Bushey) .

Hughes, John Rodger (Taunton's School, Southampton).

Jones, Evan Llewelyn (Llandovery College).

Kelly, Cecil Michael (St. John's School, Leatherhead).

Larson, Maurice Roy (St. Augustine's College, Canterbury).

Lavender , John Franklin (King's School, \iVorcester).

Lowden, ¡ Noel Alexander (Royal Masonic School, Bushey) .

McCurry, Norman Ernest (St. Edward's School).

Morris, Thomas John (University of North \!Vales).

Nicholson, Edward Harman (Brig htop College).

Palmer, John Chance (St. Pa ul's School) .

Pennington, H arold Hammond (Upholland Grammar School).

Perrott, Ivan Brian (Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby) .

Phillips, Spencer \iVilliam N ewrnan (Dean Close School).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

107

Rankin, David Roger (Sevenoaks School).

Rosser, John David (St. John's School, Leatherhead).

Salt, Denys Geoffrey Crossley (Marlborough College).

Sharp, Anthony Keith (Brighton College).

Smith, Sidney John Heath (City of Oxford School).

Turner, Eric Gurney Hammond (Radley College).

Walsh, Charles Philip (Bradford Grammar School).

Whitaker, Michael Probart (Repton School) . \iVigan, Bernard John (King's School, Ganterbury).

Wynter, Edward Cedric Cyril (County School, Lewes).

DEGREES January 21, 1937.

April 27 June 5 . . .

June 24 . . .

July 17 ...

July 31 ...

October 14

November

20 ..

December 11 ..

B.A.: F. E. R. Ducker, J.C. E. Hayter, Rev. R. Horton, G. \iV. McNaught.

B.A.: 0. J. Matthews.

M..A. : C. ]. Hayes.

B .A. : A. L. Crowe, I. M. Sciortino.

B.Mus.: E. F. A. Suttle.

M.A.: Rev. W. L. Guyler, E. A. H. Heard, G. S. Keen.

B.A.: S. E. Bradshaw.

M.A.: ]. Bradley, A. \i\T. Keith-Steele.

B.A.: E. M. Roberts.

M .A.: H. A. Blair, Rev. C. S. Jones.

B ..4.: \iV. E. Alderson, 0. T. Brown, W . J. H. Liversidge, D. V. Orton, R. B. I. Pates, ]. L. Pinniger, H. T. Shergold.

M.A.: R. B. I. Pates.

B.A . : R. Bagnall, J. P. Burrough, M. J. D. Carmichael, J. D. Carr, B. R. Coates, E. G. Curtis, H. G. Dawber, R. D. English, F. H. H. Finch, B. F. A. Geoghegan, G. A. Hughes, R. J. Lund, \iV. H. Mitchell, F. R. Rawes, J.C. Stephenson, L. I. Stowe, D.R. Tassell, A. T. de B. Wilmot, E. L. \iVright.

M ..4. : A. Robinson.

B.A.: F. Cooke, G. J. P. Courtney, M. C. English, D. Floyd, M. J. Mortimer, F. R. Mountain, J. J. D. A. P. M. Quinn.

ALA.: H. Gore-Booth, G. P. W. Lamb, T.V. Nicholson, F. G. Roberts.

J\!l..4.: M. A. McCanlis.

108

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZ I NE

AULARIAN ASSOCIATION RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT for th e yea·r ending Jime 30, 1937 .

RECEIPTS.

Subscriptions to June 30, 1936 : Membership Magazine Activities Fund

£ 249 14 ?~

-;)

s . . d.

9 l

3 8

8

2

£

s. d.

288 19

Subscriptions to June 30, 1937: Membership Magazine Activities Fund

200 3 6 5 17 6 18 2 6 - - --

224 3 6 - -- - £5 13 2 7

£ s. d.

50 0 0 100 0 0 14 l 8 26 18 6 2 0 0 5 6 8 3 14 15 9 - - -- £513 2 7 - -- - -

PAYMENTS.

Aularian Exhibi tion Fund H enley Regatta Magazine Accoun t Aul arian Directory Printing an d Station ery Postages Balance to be carried forward

AULARIAN EX HIBITIO N FUND. REGEJPTS.

Balance brought fo rward A ularian Association Bank I nter est

£ s.

137 16 50 0 2 10 £190

PllYME:-ITS.

Balance to be carried forwa rd .. .

Examined a nd found correct.

H . C. I NGLE, H on ..4.uditor.

£ lS)O·

7

d.

8 0 8 4

s. d ..

7 4

JOHN B . ALLAN, Hon. T1'easurer.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZ I NE

109

LIDDON EXHIBITION FUND This Fund was instituted in J929 on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Dr. Liddon (Vice-Principal, J85g-62). The obj ect of the Fund is to provide Exhibitions for th e assis tance oi: candidates for ordination entering t he Hall. So far the sum of £J,ooo has been invested. It is hoped tha t this endowment may be gradually aug mented so that the number of E xhibitions may be increased. W e very gratefully acknowledge the additional contributio ns that have been received during this year. £ s. d.

Total brought forw a rd since las t .investment 65 JI J 0 0 Mrs. T. K. Allen (seve1) th donation) Rev. Ganon A. D. Barker 0 0 Rev. Canon W. S. Gardner (eighth and ninth donations) ...

JO 0 0 Rev. N. A. Perry-Gore 0 0 Rev. J. S. Brewis 0 0 St. Edmund Hall Chapel Offertor y (Reunion, J937) 3 0 0 Miscellaneous receipts JO 0 £95

HOLYW E LL .PRESS , A l. FRE D STREl:.:T ,

OX F ORD

ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND In Ig38, as soon as the new Statu.tes for the Hall have come into operation, I am proposing to make a general appeal on behalf of the Hall. Support in generous measure can only be expected from. outside, if it can be shown that the number of Old Members already supporting the ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION FUND of the Hall, small though many of their contributions must necessarily he, is impressive in its testimony to their active concern for the security and progress of tl~ e Hall.

A. B. EMDEN, Principal. " . . .:,

r;

DONATION I ENCLOSE as a donation to the AND EXTENSION FUND

ST. EDM UN D HALL ENDOWMENT

the sum of .. ..... ... . .. .. ........... ...... . ........ . .. .

Name .......... .. . .

A.ddress ~ -

'

'!. • ,. \..- ~

'

·~

,. '

..

C;

.'

PROMISE OF _SUBSCRIPTION I ENCLOSE as ·m y first annual subscription to the - ST. HALL ENDOWMENT AND EXTENSION 'FUND

EDMUND

the sum of ... ..... -..... .

. . . . . . . . . . ·: ..... . ... and 1 ·i mdertahe, until further notice, to subscribe each year a simila·r sum to this .Fuud.

Name ...... ... . .... . . .. .. .... ................ . .

A ddress Annual subscriptions are much nwre easily ' collected · if they a·re paid by a Banher's ord e·r.

BANKER'S ORDER To .. -.... .. .... ... .. .. . ........ .. .. ...... ... Bank, · Date ........ ... . ..... . .. .. .. ... .. . .... . ....... Branch.

PLEASE pay now and on ..... . ....... . .. ... ... ..... ... .. annually until further orders the sum of . ................................ ...... .. .... to the account of the ST. EDMUND HALL ENDOWMENT AND EXTE NS ION FUND at the N~tional Provincial Bank, High Street, Oxford.

Signature ...... ...... . ..... . ........ .. .

over 2d. stamp .

..

~

-