St Edmund Hall Magazine 1941-42 by St Edmund Hall

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St. Edmund Hall Âˇ Magazine

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE. DECEMBER,

Vol. IV, No. 6.

1941.

EDITORS: J. J.

D. DuNGAN, Editor. Hilary and Trinity T erms, 194i. L. MEIGH, Editor. Michaelmas Term, 1941 . A. T. G. PococK, Assistant Editor .

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF

THE HALL IN WAR-TIME.

H E first term of the third academic year since the outbreak of war has just come to an end, and the Hall still finds itself in a position that calls for much t)1ankfulness . Its build ings have still remained inviolate. Contrary to a ll expectation, the number of undergraduates in residence in Michaelmas Term this year was larger than in the corresponding t erm last year. The war has come to be t aken very much for grant ed, like the weather ; and within the short ened space of three or four terms of residence , which .the calling-up regulations now allow, present members of the Hall seem to find as full interest and enjoyment in life within its walls as did their predecessors in times of peace . -Instead of numbers dropping during the course of the academical year 1940- 1, as had been expected, they increased, for in Trin ity Term there were admitted into residence twelve R.A.F. Proba. tioner Cadets and t wo Probationer Cadets of the Royal Signal . Corps on a six m onths' course. In accordance with the arrangemen t made between the Universities and the two Services concerned, all Probationer Cadets are matriculated as full members of the Universities to which they are severally assigned. At the beginning of the new academical year the number in residence amo unted to one Bachelor of Arts and 11 0 un dergrad uates - an increase of sixteen as compared with the corresponding term last year . The H all was notably fortunate in its reinforcement by fifty-seven freshmen - next to that of New College the largest entry of fresh men admitted by any college in October this year. The freshmen admitt ed to the Hall included a new contingent of

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Probationer Cadets-twelve for the R.A.F. and four for the Royal Corps of Signals. Consequently, this year as last, the corporate activities of Hall Clubs and Societies have been maintained with unabated vigour. Indeed, certain Hall Societies which suspended animation last year have taken a new lease of life - the Debating Society, the Makers and the Methuen Society. For games College Clubs have continued to combine in pairs or trios; and the Hall, therefore, has maintained its friendly partnership with Queen's, and in this cooperation it may be said without undue boasting the Hall Clubs have borne the major part. · ., OF THE PRINC1PAL AND FELLOWS.

In Trinity Term the Principal was re-elected to the Hebdomadal Council for a further period of six years. In the last week of lVIichaelrnas Term the Principal . underwent very successfully an operation in the Acland Nursing Home and was back in the Lodgings before the end of the year. The Vice-Principal has been elected a member of the Dispensation Committee. The Rev. R. F. vV. Fletcher is to be congratulated on addirig another play, Henry V, to the New ·Clarendon Series of Shakespeare's plays. Dr . H. J. Hunt's new book, The Ep ic in Nineteenth-century France, was accord.ed the distinction of having devoted to it the middle-page review an d a leading article in the Times Literary Supplement (August 23). He is to be most warmly congratulated on his very successful completion of an exacting.piece of research. It has been appraised by Professor D. Saurat, Director of the French Institute in London, as 'a monument of true erudition inspired and sustained by a very sound literary instinct.' Dr. H. M. N. H. Irving is to be warmly congratulated on hi5 appointment as a University Demonstrator and Lecturer in Chemistry. Cordial congratulations are due to Mr. G. D. Ramsay on his proceeding to the degree of D.Phil. Since the beginning· of Michaelmas Term the Hall has been bereft of him, as in September he was commissioned as an Acting Pilot Officer, R.A .F.V .R., Administrative and Special Duties Bran ch, and has been, since then, submitting himself once again to the processes of instruction. Happily, it has so far b een possible for him to pay the Hall periodical visits at week-ends.

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OF CONGRATULATIONS . Congratulations are due to the following members of the Hall in statu pupillari : To those who were placed in the Seco.nd Class in their respective Honour Schools : A. R. Lewis (E_nglish Language and Literature); E. L. Moor (Literae Humaniores); B. B. Russell and D. V. Johnson (Modern Languages); D. R. Jones and M. H. Tupper (Theology). To G . Davidson on being placed in the Second Class in Honour Classical Moderations. . ' To those who were placed in the Second Class in their respective Shortened Honour Schools: B. E. Bate, A. R. Clark, C. B. Farmelo, F. M. Hemms, J. L. Meigh, T .V. Roberts , L. Shepherd, L. H. C. Thomas (Modern Languages, Part I); R. B. Fletcher, J. F. O'Donovan, F. D. Rushworth (Modern Languages, Part II) ; R. M. Date, J. S. Douglas, A. P. Smith, P. C. Swann (Modern History, Part I) ; J. D. M . Bell, J. D. Duncan (Modern History, Part II); A. Green (Philosophy, Politics and Economics}; C . Mounsey (Geography); H. L. H. Wheeler (Agriculture). To J. Bull, D. H. Burt, C. D. Dent, N. Gulley and J. E. G . Howarth on each obtaining a distinction in a War-time Honour Section. To C. D. Dent on being awarded the Winter Williams Law Scholars hip. To D. H. A. Wilson on being appointed to a Cadetship in the Sud an Polifcal Service. To M. S. Porcher on being appointe<;I to . a Cadetship in the Colonial Tropical Administrative Service . To H. E. Pearson on representing the University in the Rugby Football Match against Cambridge in Michaelmas Term and on being elected to the Greyhounds a nd the Authentics. To R. A. Huskisson on representing the University in the Rugby Football Match against Cambridge in Mic;haelmas Term and on being- e'.ected to the Greyhounds. , To D. D. Lees on being elected Secretary of the University Hockey Club. To C . J. \Veir on playing goal for the University in the Assoc iation Football Match against Cambridge in Michaelmas Term. To C. P. Smith on representing the University in t)1e Sports against Cambridge in Hilary Term. To R. R. Howgill on being elected to the Centipedes. To ] . N. Micklem on being elected to the Greyhounds. To the Boat Club on obtaining conjointly w ith Queen 's the first two pl aces in the Inter-College Freshmen's Fours.

ST. EDMUND HALL · MAGAZINE OF

EXHIBITIONS.

An Examination, beginning on Tuesday, March 18_, was held for the purpose ·of awarding one Exhibition in English Literature and two Exhibitions in Modern Languages, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : E. G. Midgley, The Grange High School, Bradford (English). W. N. H. Fry, Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham (French and German). Minor Exhibitions were awarded to R. McAdams, Bristol Grammar School, and J. P. Janson-Smith, Sherborne School. An Examination, beginning on Tuesday, March 25, was held for the purpose of awarding two Exhibitions in Classics and Modern History_, each of the annual value of £40. As a result of this Examination the following elections were made : D. F. P. Cole, The King's School, Peterborough. L. R. A. Kennelly, Ampleforth College. Both these elections proved barren, as D. F. P. Cole resigned his Exhibition on winning an Open History Scholarship at St. J chn's College, and L. R. A . Kennelly was among the unfortunate victims of a fire in the railway coach conveying a contingent of boys back to Ampleforth for the Summer Term. Exhibition Examinations in 1942 have been arranged as follows:On Tuesday, March 17, and the two following days, for the purpose of awarding one Exhibition in English Literature and two Exhibitions in Modern Languages (French with one other language, German, Spanish or Russian; or French only), each of the annual value of £40. On Tuesday, March 24, and the two following days, for the purpose of awarding Exhibitions in Classics or Modern History, each of the annual value of £40. OF

THE ScHOOL,s.

HILARY TERM, 1941.

For the Degre e of B.M. and B.Ch.: In Human Anatomy and Human Physiology : P. J. N. Cox. Honour Sections for Special Certificate: E.3 (Shakespeare): J. H. Bridger, D. H .' Kavanag·h; E.4 (Milton): J. H. Bridger, J. Bull, D. H. Burt,* J. F. Wearing; H .3 (English History): A. M. Lawson; M. S. Porcher, J. A. G. Whitehead, D . H. A. Wilsor:; J.3 (Contract and Roman Law): J. F. VJ'. Sims; Ph.3

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(Theory of Knowledge): A. M. Lawson j· Ph.4 (Plato): N. · Gulley*; Ph.6 (Moral Philosophy) : J. E. G. Howarth*; T.1 (Old Testament): D. 0. Butlin, G. W. Henshaw, D. L. G. Jenkins, P. M. Kirk; T .2 (New Testament): D. 0. Butlin, - G. \V. Henshaw, D. L. G. J enkins; Ee.I (Introductory Econornics) : J. E. G. Howarth. *Distinction. TRINITY TERM.

For the Degree of B.M. and B.Ch.: In General Pathology and Bacteriology: P. J. N. Cox; In Pharmacology and Principles of Therapeutics: D. G. T. Hicks; In Human Anatomy and Human Physiology: C. J. H. Starey. In English Languag_e and Literature: Class II: A. R. Lewis. In Modern History: Class III: J. R. C. Webb. In Theology: Class II: D. R. Jones, M. H. Tupper. In Literae Humaniores: Class II: E. L. Moor. In Modern Languages: Class II: D. V. Johnson (Fr. and Germ.), B.B. Russell (Fr.); Class III: P.H. W. Salt (Fr. and Germ.). In Jiirisprudence: Class III: G. M. \iVilliams. In Honour Classical lvloderations: Clas s II : G. Davidson. In Modern History (Shortened Honours): Part I: Class II: R. M. Date, J. S. Douglas, A. P. Smith, P. C. Swann; Class III: D. W. Everton, C. P. Smith; Part II: Class II: J. D. M. Bell, J. D. Duncan. In Modern Languages (Shortened Honours): Part I: Class II: B. E. Bate (Germ. and Fr.), A. R. Clark (Fr. and Germ.), C. B. Farmelo (Fr. and Span.), F. M. Hemms (Germ. and Fr.), J. L. Meigh (Fr. and Germ.), T. J. Roberts (Fr. and Germ.), L. Shepherd (Fr. and Germ.), L. H. C. Thomas (Germ. and Fr.); Class III: H. E. Pearson (Fr. and Germ.); Part II: Class II: R. B. Fletcher (Fr. and Germ.), J. F. O'Donovan (Fr. and Span.), F. D. Rushworth (Fr. and Germ.); Class III: G. L. Henson (Germ. and Fr.). In Geography (Short~ned Honours): Part I: Class II: C. Mounsey; Part II: Class III: P . G. Smart. In Jurisprudence (Shortened Honours): Class III: J. F. W. Sims. In Agriculture (Shortened Honours): Class II: H. L. H. Wheeler. In Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Shortened Honours): . Class II: A Green. Honour Sections for Special Certificate: E.1 (Old English): J. Bull*; E.2 (Chaucer): J. H . Bridger, D. H. Burt, J. F. Wearing; E.3 (Shakespears}: J. P. Janson-Smith; E.4 (Milton:

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE D. H. Kavanagh; H.3 (Eng lish History): VI. J. Camkin, P. F. Dawson, G. E. Ford; H.4 (Eur opean History): P. F . Dawson, ]. A. G. Whitehead; T.3 (New' Te st . Greek Texts, etc.): D. 0. Butlin, G. W. Henshaw, D . L. G. Jenkins, P. M . Kirk; J. r (Law of Land and International Law): G. J. _F. Brain, C. D. Dent,* P. J. C. Smith; P.r (Pol. Science): R. T. Holtby, J. E. G. Howarth; _P.2 (Brit. Pol. and Const . Hist. since r830): D. H. A. Wilson; P.3 (Pol. Institutions): D. H. A. Wilson .

* Distinction. Forestry . Part I: A. P. D. Jones, G. H. Thompson. Special Certificate in Chemistry: J. B. Burtt, C. M. Lavender, J. L. Riley. Examination for the Diploma in Theology : M. M. Hennell, A. J. Lee. Pass Group D : J. S . R eynolds. MICHAELMAS T)>RM.

For the Degree of B .M. and B .Ch .: In Fo~ensic Medicine and Public H ealth : C . H. Jellard ; In Sp ecial and Clinical Pathology: c~ H. Jellard; In Pathology and Bacteriology: C. J. H. Starey. Honour Sections for Sp ecial Certificate : H4 (European History): W. J. Camkin, G. E . Ford; Ee.I (Introductory Economics): A. C. Garrett; Ph.4 (Plato): G. Harper King; Ph.6 (Moral Philosophy): A. C. Garrett, G. Harper King; M .I (French Comp . and Transl. etc.) : G. D. West; M.2 (Ge_rman Comp . and Trans. etc.): F . M. Hemms, G. D. West; M.4 (Mod . Lang. Lingiiistic Texts): G. D. West; T.2 (New Testament): i ' P; M. Kirk; J.2 (Tort and Jurisprudence): J. F. Brain, P. J.C. Smith; G.2 (Pol. and Econ. Geograp_hy): ]. A. G. Whitehead. ' Special Examination in Elementary Aeronautics: G. E . C. Archer, S. R . Cooke,t A . Gibson,t M. S. Gilbert,t G. M . Hodge,t R.R. Howgill,t G . J . McFadyean,i· J .P. Newton, E. P. Payne, C. Richardson,t J.E. Sutherland, J.E. Timms,t M.A. Wetz.t

t With ci·edit. OF THE LITTLE BEQUEST.

Under the will of the late Mrs . Dorothy Little of Benreoch, Arrochar , Dumbartonshire, the Hall has received a most welcome gift of £1 ,ooo for the endowment of 'a Scholarship to be known as "The Little Scholarship" for a student of the said Hall who should be learned in the Latit~ and Greek tongues and be in need

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

of assistance to pay for his University career.' The testatrix expressed the further wish ' that preference should be given to a student proposing to take Holy Orders.' Mrs. Little was the widow of the Rev. E. G. H. Little, Honorary Canon of Cumbrae. Her warm regard for the Hall was due to her nephew, B. H. G. Little, who matriculated as a member of the Hall in Hilary Term 1883, and died on 3 September 1887 . 'He spent,' to quote a letter written by her several years ago, ' the happiest days of his life at the Hall, and, though that life was early ended on earth, the remembrance of it wakens tender recollections and a never-failing interest in the old Hall.' OF

A PORTRAIT OF POPE.

A most interesting and well executed portrait of Alexander Pope in oils has been presented to the Hall by Mr. Harold Lilley. The portrait is unsigned but is considered on expert authority Âˇ to be a contemporary one. It bears very close resemblance to the portrait of Pope in crayons by William Hoare, R.A. (c. 1707-92), now preserved in the National Portrait Gallery. It measures l ft. 4 in. x l ft. l in., and is framed in a very fine early eighteenthcentury carved wood frame. OF

OTHER GIFTS.

In addition to the gift recorded above, the best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that have been made to the Hall during the year : To Mr . and Mrs. H. Hayes for their yearly gift of the sum of five pounds for the purchase of classical books in memory of their son, Henry Trevor Hayes. To the Principal for his gift of The Romish Judas. A Sermon Preached at Saint Maries in Oxford the Fifth of November, l6IO. By John Rawlinson (Principal, l6rn-31). London, 161 r, sm. 4tp. , pp. 40. OF

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.â&#x20AC;˘

On February ro, 1340/1, Robert Eglesfield., Chaplain to Queen Philippa, set his seal upon the statutes of her foundation, the Queen's Hall in the University of Oxford. Owing to the war the celebration of the sescentenary of its foundation was made by the College no more than a domestic affair. Even so, the occasion was not allowed to pass without the Hall giving friendly expression to its recollection of the historic ties which for so many years con-

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nected the two societies. On behalf of the Hall the Principal wrote on February 10 to the Provost, Mr. R. H. Hodgkin, as follows:' I have just learned that, within the limits that war-time conditions a llow, your College is to-day commemorating the 6ooth anniversary of its fo undation . Even though your commemoration is, for the present, of a private character, I should not like the occasion to pass without fraternal greetings, congratulations and good w ishes being conveyed to you and your College from this Hall which for so many years stood in a filial relationship to your society. Found ed in the year of that great naval triumph, the battle of Sluys, your College will, I hope, witness in this its sescentenary year a no less resounding victory and pass on prosperously and beneficently to complete many succeeding centuries.' To this letter the Provost replied : 'Yesterday I read your letter of the rnth to the Fellows. We all thank you most warmly for your fraternal greetings and congratulations. The relations between the Hall and the College, so closely interwoven through many c_e nturies, have formed a strange pattern. It is a source of great satisfaction to us that St. Edmund Hall, which was an elder brother before Queen's became a kind of step-father to it, should now bear us such friendly feelings. We rejoice in the unprecedented prosperity which h as come to the H all under your rule, and in the new athletic ties which now for a time range the College and the Hall side by side against other Colleges . I am especially interested in your reference to Sluys since lately I myself have often thought of the parallels and contrasts between the opening phase of the Hundred Years War, including the Battle of Sluys in May 1340, and the events before and afte r Dunkirk in May 1940. We thank you for your fraternal wishes, and trust that a good peace may bring to the H all and the Co11ege many more centuries (let us say millenia !) of useful and happy existence.' OF

CONFERENCES.

Elsewhere in the lvlagazine an account is given of the Bishops' Meeting and Cogference which was held in the Hall from June 30 to July 7. A Conference of the Regional Secretaries of the Central Advissory Council for Adult Education in H.M. Forces was held in the H all from July 15 to July 17.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

OF THE AUL.ARIAN ASSOCIATION. Once again it was d ecided that under present conditions it was not practicable to hold the annual Reunion of Old Members, provisionally arranged for Tuesday, June 18. Consequently no Annual General Meeting of the Association took place. If it proves possible to hold a Reunion in 1942 , it will take place on Tuesday, June 23. OF AN INDEX. It was stated in t he Magazine for 1935, which was the la st number of the Third Volume, tha t Mr. L. W. Kennan had prepared a n Index to the first three volumes of the Magazine and was also at work on the compilation of a Regi ster of the Officers of Hall Societies and Clubs. The latter undertaking proved more difficult than had been anticipated owingÂˇ to the lack of information needed to fill gaps in the succession of officers of some of the Societies and Clubs in the period before 19 14. Consequently the publication of an Index and R egister ha s remained in suspension. But as the last number of the Magazine brought the Fourth Volume to a close, the Principal has taken in hand the good work which Major Kennan initiated and has completed an Index to the first four volumes. This Index has been printed; and a copy of it will be sent, post free , to any Aularian who wishes for a copy if he will apply to the Bursary Clerk. The Index has been so arranged that it can also be used as a ready means of ascertaining outstanding achievem ents on t he p a rt of members of the Hall in the Schools and in games and on the part of Hall Clubs Âˇ during the period 1919-40. OF ST. EnMuND ' s DAY. Once again, on account of the war, dinner 111 Hall on St. Edmund's Day was an informal occasion . Unfortunately the Prinicipal was prevented by illness from being present- his first absence in twenty-th ree years. The honoured toast of Floreat Aula was given in his stead by the Vice-Prin cipal. OF THE NEW LIBRARY. A. Green has been appointed Librarian to succeed E . G. H. Turner. OF THE J.C.R. As M. S . P orcher went out of reside nce at the en d of Hilary Term, G . H. Thompson was elected President for Trinity Term. The officers of the J.C. R. for the academical year 1941-2 are: President, R. T. Holtby; Steward, H. E. P earson. C. J. H . Starey has been re-appointed Junior Treasurer.

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KEY ' TO TH E HALL GROUP, 1941. The names are given from left to right as viewed by . the reader. Back Row .-C. D. Dent, J . P. J anson-Smith, J. H . Bridger; E. P. P ayne, R. R : Howgill, J.E. Timms,. J. E. Sutherland, J. K. Clark, S. ·R . Cooke, G. E . C. Archer, J. P. Newton, M. S. Gilbert, G. J . McFadyean, A. W . Richards, O, R . Wi thers, F .. G. Edgecombe, B. N . Y . Vaughan , C. Mounsey. S econd Row.-D. H. Kavana<(h , J. Bull, J L. Riley, A. P. Smith, R . M. D ate, C. M. Lavender, J . N. Micklem, D. D . Lees, H . L. H . Wheeler, G. L. H enson, C. P . Smith , M. A. W etz, A. Gibson , B. K Bate , L. H . C. Th,omas. I

Third Row.-D. V. John son, D. W . Everton, P. J . C. Smith, H. L. Backhouse, M. G. D. D avys, P. M. Kirk, J. F. W. Sims, G. E . Ford, J. H. A. Eames, J. A. G: Whitehead, P . G. Sma rt, G. M. Woodm an, R. B. Fletcher, E. R ees, J. F. O ' Donovan, J.E. G. • Howa rth, C. B. Farmelo. , Fourth Row.-J. L. Meigh, H. E. Pearson, D . <H . Burt, D. L. G. J enkins, A. G. Goode, G. W. H enshaw, J. S. Douglas, A. C. Garrett, A. Westa,way, G. M. Williams , A. R. Lewis, J. R. C. W ebb, J. D. Duncan, J. D . M: Bell, G. Harper King, A. Green, H . L. Da Costa. Fifth Row.-J. S. Reynol ds , W. J. Camkin, T . J . Roberts, G. Su nderland, 'D. 0. Butlin ; J. B. Burtt, P. J. N. Cox, P. B. Rackham, K. H ardacre, F. D. Rush worth, A. W. Barnes, F. M. H em ms, L. Sheph erd, C. R ichardson, G. D avidson, G. M. Hodge, P. C. Swann , G. R. Co ulthard. F;ont Row.-M. H. Tupper, D. R. Jones, P . H . W. Salt, A. P. D. Jones, C. J. H. S ta rey , Mr. H.K. Pusey, D,r. H .J. Hunt, the Rev. Jo N. D. Kelly (Vice-P·rincipal), G. H . Thompson (Pres ident ofj.C.R.) , Mr. A. B. Emden (Principal), Mr. G. R . :Brewis, the R ev. R. F. W. Fletcher, Dr. H . M. N. H . Irving, Mr. G. D. Ramsay , R. T . H oltby, E. L. Moor, B. B. Russell, J. F. 'W earing .

ST. EDMU'.'JD H ALL, 1941.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE WAR ;\ GAIN, thi's year, the Magazine contains a list of those Aularians who are known to be serving in H.M. Forces. So far as is possible, it has been brought up-to-date. The requirements of the censorship still only admit of the barest particulars being given . But, as I have mentioned before, a register of the military addresses of Aularians is kept in the Hall Bursary, and I will readily send any Aularian the military address of any of his contemporaries if I have record of it. The accuracy of this register must depend on the co-operation of Aularians on active service in letting m e know any change in their own r ank or address. During the last twelve months the number of Aularians on military .service has risen from approximately 250 to 350, of which about 69 per cent. are serving in the Army, 19 per cent. in the Royal Air Force, and 12 per cent. in the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Fleet Air Arm. Once again I extend on behalf of t)Je Hall to Aularians serving in the Armed Forces of the Crown cordial greetings and good wishes. They w ill not need to be assured that within the Hall they are constantly in recollection. A.B.E.

C. Adamson, p romoted Captain, is in Commandos. A . H. Aldridge, after training in Canada, has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R., and attached to 217 Squadron. H e is to be warmly congratulated on being awarded the D.F .C . . One day in December, according to the official account, Flight Lieut. A. J. H. Finch and he partcipated in an attack on an enemy convoy of eight ships escorted by two armed vessels, off the Dutch coast. Following up the successful attq,ck made by his leader at a low level on the largest ship, Aldridge aimed his bombs nearer the bows of t he same vessel, as it was obscured amidships by the smoke caused by th\3 bcimbs dropped by his Âˇ leader, and obtained several hits. He flew so low that the wing-tip cif his a ircraft was severed by the bracing wires of a mast. R. E. Alton is a 2nd Lieut. in the Sherwood Foresters. J. N. Appelbe has transferred from theA.A . Regt., R.A., in which he served in FranceÂˇ and is a ~/arrant Officer 2 in the Army Education Corps. G . E. C . Archer, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training in U.S.A. H. Arnott, R.A.F.V.R., has contin ued to act as an instructor and has been promoted F light Lieutenant. The Rev. T. E. M. Ashton has been appointed a Chaplain, R .A.F. L. D. A . Baron has been commissioned as a Pilot Officer, R.A.F. V.R., and is stationed in the Middle East . N. Bartleet has been commissioned Sub--Lieut., R .N .V .R. A. K. Barton has been commiss ioned Acting Pilot Officer, R.A.F. V.R ., Administrative Branch

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'I;'he Rev. G. M. Bateman is a Senior .Chaplain to the Forces. H. B. D. Beales , R.A., has been promo ted Captain, and is instructing at an 0.C.T.U. Comdr. T. R . Beatty, R .N., is attached to the Naval Meteorological Branch. A. Becher, znd Lieut:, Royal Norfolk Regt., took part in the Abyssinian campaign . N . S. Belam, znd Lieut. in an Anti-Tank Regt., R.A ., has gone overseas. I. E. N . Besley, R.A.S.C., is to be congratulated on being promoted Major. J. D. M. Bell is serving as A.C.2, R.A.F.V.R. P . C. Birkinshaw has been commissioned znd Lieut., The Royal Norfolk Regt. R. A. Bishop has been serving as an Ord inary Seaman, R.N.V.R ., in _or;e of H.M. D estroyers preparatory to training for a comm1ss1on . A. B . Blaxland Lieut. -Col. , O.B.E., Indian Army, was promoted Acting Colonel in September 1940, and when Graziani advanced, was sent to Mersa Matruh as second in command. After the battle of Sidi Barani, he returned to India as Acting Brigadier . J. F. Bleasdale has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R. P . P. Eloy has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., R.N .V.R ., and has been posted to one of H.M. Trawlers. C~ W. Boothro.yd is an Acting F lying Officer, R.A.F.V.R., Administrative and Special Duties Branch . D. W. Boyd, after serving as an Ordinary Seaman, R.N .V.R. , in one of H.M. Destroyers, has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., . and has been posted to one of H .M. convoy escorts. M. H: A. Boyd, znd Lieut., Tank Regt., spent the summer a ttached , to the Intelligence Staff at H. Q., Tobruk. Âˇ The R ev . G . T. Brett is a Chapla in to the Forces. J. A. Brett, R.A ., has been promoted Captai n and is instructing at an 0.C.T.U. K. Brooksbank,. after serving as an Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R . , has been commissioned Sub-Lieutenant. M. R. Brown has been training as a Cadet in a Training Regt., R.A.C., but is now awaiting transfer to the Army Educational Corps. 0. T. Brown has been commissioned Pilot Officer , R.A.F.V.R., and is instructing in flying . V . C. H. Brown is a Sergeant in the Transvaal Scottish R egt. serving in the Middle East . The Rev. C. V. Browne-Wilkinson is serving as a Chaplain, R.A.F. The R ev. N . K. Brownsell has been appointed a Chaplain to the Forces and has been attached to a General Hospi tal in Glasgow. P. W. Burgess, 2ud Lirnt. in a Field Regt ., R.A., has been stationed in Irak, and took part in the suppression of the Iraki outbreak and in the occupation of Syria. G. M . Burnett is a znd Lieut. in the Royal Artillery. The Rev. Ll. P. Burnett is a Chaplain to the Forces a nd attached to a Battalion of the Royal Tank Regt.

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R. F. Burnett has been invalided from the Army owing to a duodenal ulcer and is now looking after his father's preparatory school at Seascale. J. P. Burrough, Royal Corps of Signals, has been promoted Captain and has been in Malaya. J. E. k. Bye has been promoted Lieutenant, R.N.V.R. R. Byrom has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R., and has been engaged in mine clearance. J. M. D. Caesar is a 2nd Lieut. in The Hampshire Regt., and is serving overseas. J. C. Cain, after serving as an Ordinary Signalman in one of H.M. Destroyers, has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R. D. M. M. Carey has been commissioned Paymaster Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R., and is working at the Admiralty. G. Carruthers, The Border Regt., has been promoted Lieutenant and is to be congratulated on having played several times for the Army XV. D. E. Cattell, 2nd Lieut., R.A., has been engaged in coastal defence. P. Caulfeild-Browne has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Corps of Signals. B. W. Cave-Browne-Cave, the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, has been promoted Lieutenant. J.C. Chaplin is training as a Cadet in an Infantry 0.C.T.U. W. Charlton has been commissioned Sub-Lieutenant, R.N.V.R. A. R. Clark, R.N.V.R., has been promoted Lieutenant. J . H. T. Clarke is a Captain in the R.A.S.C. F. F. Clemence, King's Own Royal Regt., has been promoted Captain and is overseas. ' D. H. Clibborn, Intelligence Corps, has been promoted Lieut., and was attached to Advanced H.Q., Western Desert Force. B. R. Coates has been commissioned 2nd Lieutenant in the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps, and is serving in the Middle East. A.. B. Codling, A.C.2, R.A.F.V.R., has been training in Radiolocation. J. G. Coghlin is a Captain in The Duke of Wellington's Regt. H. F . Cooke is serving as a Private in the R.A.M.C. F. Cooke, R.A.F.V.R., has been training as Wireless Operator. S. R. Cooke, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training in U.S.A. R. A. Cooper, The Border Regt., has been promoted Captain. R. H. Coulston is training in an Infantry O.C.T. U. in Scotland. G. J.P. Courtney is training at an O.C.T.U., R.A., in the South of Eng-land. C. A. J. Cox is Acting Sergeant in the Intelligence Corps (Field Security). The Rev. S . Cox is a Senior Chaplain to the Forces, and is stationed at York. - A. L. Crowe has transferred from the R.A.M.C. and is a Sergeant Instructor in the Army Educational Corps. R. A. Cruse, Oxford and Bucks. Light Infantry, has been promoted Lieutenant. T. R. H. Cuff is a Private in the Devon Regt.

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D. K. Daniels, Major, King's African Rifles, after serving in the Italian Somaliland campaign, has been seconded for administrative duties at Mogadishu. " J. S. M. Dashwood, 2nd Lieut., R.E., is in a (Rocket) Field Squadron. R. M. Date is training at an O.C.T.U., Light A.A., R.A. ' G. Davidson has been training in the U.S.A. to be a Pilot, R.A.F. V.R. D. E. Davies is a 2nd Lieut. in The Welch Regt. 0. P. Davies, after serving as an Ordinary Signalman, R.N.V.R., in one of H.M. Destroyers, has been transferred to one of H.M. Battleships. R. P. H . Davies is a 2nd Lieut. in a Medium Regt., R.A. H. G. Dawber, Intelligence Corps (Field Security), has been promoted Sergeant. F. vV. Dawson is a 2nd Lieut. in the King's Own Yorkshrie Light Infantry. C. B. Dean has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Indian Army Service Corps. C. Dobb, who has been serving as a Private in The Royal Warwickshire Regt., has transferred to the R.A.S.C. J. 0. Donnison is a 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Corps of Signals. J. S. Douglas is in training as a Cadet at an Infantry 0 .C. T. U. J. W. Dowding is a 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Artillery. R. G. N. Drury, after training in a Field Training Regt., R.A., has been released from the Army on appointment to the Trinidad Police. H. R. Durham, Lancashire Fusiliers, has been promoted Lieut. G. R. R. East is 2nd Lieut. in the Mountain Regt., R.A. A. C. J. Eastwood, who is with a Field Battery, R.A., in the Middle East, has been promoted Lieutenant. H. D. Eastwood, Oxford and Bucks. Light Infantry, has been promoted Captain. J. B. F. Eckersley has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., Nottinghamshire Yeomanry. F. G. Edgecombe, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R . , is in training on the South coast. The Rev. J. H. Edinger is a Chaplain attached to Toe H, Kirkwall. J. M. Edmonds is on the Meteorological Staff, R.A.F. H. G. Edwards is _a Lieut. in the Royal Tank Regt. M. C. English has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Gurkha Reg-t., and has been stationed at Quetta. D. Erskine, 2nd Lieut., Intelligence Corps, has been attached to the War Office. R. D. R. Evans, Royal Welch Fusiliers, has been promoted Lieut. D. W. Everton is training in an 0.C.T.U., R.A.H. Eyre has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., (A) R.N.V.R., in the Fleet Air Arm and -is serving in one of H.M. Aircraft-carriers. M. Y. Ffrench-vVilliams is a Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R. F. H. H. Finch, R .A.S.C., has been promoted Lieutenant. N. G. Fisher, Army Educational Corps, has been promoted Acting Captain. D. A. F. Fleming has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Light A.A. Regt., R.A.

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R. B. Fletcher has been training in an Infantry Training Unit. D. Floyd is training as an A.C.2, R.A.F.V.R., for R.A.F. Motorboat Service. B. M. Forrest is a Lieut. in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry. A. W , Fowler is a 2nd Lieut. in a Searchlight Battery, R.A. E. F. Foxton~ Army Educational Corps, has been promo ted Lieut. ; and is in India. F. H. Frankcom is a Captain in the Army Educational Corps, and is serv.ing in the Far East. · . N. G. Gee has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., Royal Corps of Signals. B. F. A. Geoghegan, after training in a Royal Signals Unit, has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. and has been in Iceland. J. A. Gibb has beeri commissioned dnd Lieut. in an A.A. Regt., R.A. A. Gibson, Cadet, R.N .V.R., is training as a Leading Aircraftsman. M. S. Gilbert, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is in training in U .S.A. W. W. E. Giles has been serving in E. Africa as an Adjutant of a. Battal"on of the King's African Rifles. H.K. Girling, Gunner in a Heavy A.A. Battery, has been stationed in N. Ireland. A. G. Goode has been training in a Field Training Regt., R.A . H. Gore-Booth is 2nd Lieut. in The Royal Irish Fusi;iers. K. A. Gourlay has been promoted Lance-Corporal in the Royal Ordnance Corps. C. Grayson has been commissioned 2nd, Lieut. in the Royal Army · Pay Corps. · _ R. J. Griffith is a 2nd Lieut. in the North Irish Horse, R.A.C. N. Gulley, Aircraftsma~, R.A.F.V.R., is due to start training as a Pilot. J. H. P. Hadden, 2nd Liel!t., Duke of W ellington's Regt., has been statione d in Iceland. ]. H. P. Hall is a Lieutenant in the R.A.C. K. B. H a llowes has transferred from a R.A. to a R.A. .C. Training Reg-r. E. T. Halstead has been serving afloat as an Ordinary Seama n, R .N.V.R. J. M . G. Ha:sted has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., Queen's Bavs, and is in the M 'ddle East. R. P. Harding ha s been commissione d Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R. S. \V. Hardisty is serving as a Lance-Bombardier in a Light A.A. Regt., R.A. The Rev. S. W . Harrison, Chaplain, R.A.F., is to be cordially cong ratulated on being award ed the George Medal. The officia l report on his gallantry runs : - One night in November an aircraft crashed and burst into flames about three miles from the aerodi:ome, and, although it was not hi s duty to do so, Mr. Harrison boarded the ambu lance which ;vas going to the scene. On arrival, he immediately plunged into the wreck age and , in spite of the scorching heat ,and exploding machine-gun ammunition, began to drag a member of the crew from the burning debris. He then supervised the work and led the fire picket, himself extricating a second

The

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member of the crew and assisting to remove a third. Further efforts were unavailing, however, as the remaining memb<rts of the crew were completely buried under the wreckage. Throughout he displayed the utmost courage and an entire disregard for his own safety. J. B. Harvey is a Sergeant Pilot, R.A.F.V.R. M. M. Hawes has been commissioned znd Lieut., R .A.S.C. C. J. Hayes, Major, R.A.S.C., is in command of a Divisional Supply Company. J. R. Hayston is a T'rooper in a Training Regt., R.A.C. A. J. Healey is a Corporal P.T. Instructor in the R.A.F. E. A. H. Heard, Lieut., Intelligence Corps, is an Interrogation Officer, attached to G.H.Q., Middle East. L. D. Henders,on, Flight Lieut., Rhodesian Air Force, is serving in the Middle East. G. L. Henson is training at an Infantry O.C.T.U. in Scotland. A. E. Hill, Squadron Leader, R.A.F., has been stationed m Palestine. R. L. Hill is attached to H.Q., Sudanese Forces. C. R. Hiscocks, Royal Marines, has been promoted Captain. G. M. HodgÂˇe, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training in U.S.A. The Rev. J. N. C. Hoiiand, Chaplain, R.N., is serving in one of H.M. Aircraft-carriers. J. F. Hopkinson, Major, The Border Regt., pas been appointed Commandant of the E. Lancashire Junior Leaders' School, at Greystoke Castle. A. C. Hordern is a Captain in the Royal Warwickshire Regt. The Rev. P. S. Hordern, C.F., is attached to the Royal Signal Corps. _ The Rev. R. L. -Hordern, C.F., is in Egypt. The Rev. T. H. Horsfield is a Chaplain, R.N. J. E. G. Howarth has been commissioned as a 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Marines and is at the R.M. School of Signalling. M. J. Howarth , 2nd Lieut., North Staffordshire Regt., has been attached to the Royal Indian Army Service Corps. J. P. S. Howe is serving as an Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R. R. R. Howgill, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training in Canada. H. M. K. Howson is an Acting Leading Aircraftsman training fotÂˇ a commission in the Fleet Air Arm. C. C. Hughes, The Hampshire Reg-t., has been' promoted Captain. E. E. Hughes is a Lieut. in the Royal Tank Regt. J. R. Hughes has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., The Hampshire Regiment. W. H. Huntington, Private, R.A.S.C., is serving in the Middle East. J. W. Hurford, R.A.S.C., has been promoted Lieutenant. R. Illsley is a 2nd Lieut. in The Cheshire Regt. J. E. Jackson is a Lieut. in the Royal Artillery. T. R. Jackson is a Trooper in the Queen's Royal Lancers and has gone overseas. D. T. N. James is a Lance-Sergeant in the In_telligence Corps (Field Security).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

H. V. James, F.A.A., has been training as a British Flight Student in the U .S.A. A. C. Jenkinson is a Gunner, R.A. (Heavy A.A.). M. F. Jerrom has been commiss ;oned 2nd Lieut. in the R,A~C. B. C. W. Johnson, 0.B.E., T.D., is to be congratulated on his promotion to Lieut.-Co:onel. D. V. Johnson is a Private , R.A.M.C ., and is at the Household Cavalry Hospital, Winosor. The Rev. J. N. Keeling is a Chaplain, R.A.F. G. S. Keen is a Captain in the Royal Berkshire Regt. A. W. Keith-SteeleÂˇ has been comm,ss oned as a 2nd Lieut. in The Loyal Regt. D. N. F. Kempston, 2nd Lieut., R.A., is serv:ng in the M .dd:e East. L. W. Kennan is a Major in the R.A.~-.C. He is to be warmly congratu:ated on being awarded the M.B.E. (Military Division) for gaJantry an u resource shown in evacuatmg his unit from Belgium and France in June, 1940. Âˇ M. B. Kennaway has been commiss.oned 2nd Lieut. in the Devon Regt., and is serving overseas. D. C. Kennedy has been seconced from the N. Rhodesian Administra tive Service, and after trai ning in S. Rhodesia has been comm:ss:oned as a Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R. J. du M. Kenyon, R.A., has been promoted Captain. J. \V. K ng has been comm:ssioned 2nd Leut. , R.A. G. P. W. Lamb has been commissioned as a Piiot Officer, R.A.F. V.R., Training Branch. The Rev. vV. J. Lancaster is a Chaplain to the Forces. P. G . Langhorne has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., R.A.S.C. ] . F . Lavender, Royal Shropshire Regt., has been promoted L ieutenant and attached to the Royal Indian Army Service Corps . R. M.A. Lawson, Bombard'er, Field Regt., R.A., has been passed for a course of traming at an O.C.T.U. P. S. Leathart, after traming as a Cadet in India, has been commiss.oneJ 2nd Lieut . in the Gurkha Rifles. A. F. Lee is serving as an Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R., in one of H.M. Sloops. R. Lister is a 2n.J Lieut. in the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infty. \N. J. H . Liversidge, 2nd Lieut., Duke of Edinburgh's Own Rifles, served in Italian Somali1and and Abyssinia with the South African Forces. N. A. Lowden is a Sergeant Pilot, R.A.F.V.R. E. E. Lowe is a Sergeant in the InteLigence Corps (Field Security). The Rev. R. J. Lowe is Chap1ain in h.M .S . Impregnable. C. Lummis, 2nd Lieut., The Buffs, after being overseas returned to England on sick leave. R. J. Lund has been serving as a Lance-Corporal in a Training Battaiion of the Royal Engineers. R. E. Lyth is a Bimbashi in the Equa torial Corps, Sudan Defence Force. J. S. McAdam has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Field Regt., R.A .

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A. F. Macdonald has been serving as a Private in the R.A.M.C. in Iceland. J, McDonaugh has been ' commissioned 211d Lieut. in the R.A.C. and has been posted to a Train ing Regt. G. J. McFadyean, Cadet, R .A.F.V.R. R. Mcisaac, Royal Army Pay Corps, has been promoted Lieutenant. G. W. McNaught, R.A .F.V.R., h~s been promoted Flight Lieut. and has been stationed in â&#x20AC;˘Malta. S. J. F. Maiden, znd Lieut., The Buffs, who claims to be the senior subaltern in the British Army, is, among other duties , Welfare Officer at the regimental depot. The Rev. vV. 'vV. S. March, Chaplain to the Forces, is stationed at Aldershot. G. E. Martell, znd Lieut., Royal Corps of Signals, was made ;1 prisoner of war in Greece. H. C. Marston, R.E., has been promoted Captain. The Rev. F. Martin is a Chaplain to the Forces and is attached to a battalion of the zist Lancers. The Rev. J. F. Martin has been commissioned as a Pilot Officer , R.A.F.V.R. P. H. Mathews is a znd Lieut. in the Royal Corps of Signals. J. H. Mayne has been commissioned as a Sub-Lieut., (A) R.N. V .R., and is serving in the Fleet Air Arm. A. H. Mead is a Captain in The Sherwood Foresters. J. D. de C. Meade has been promoted Lieutenant in the Intelligence Corps. F. J. Mee has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R. G . M. Mercer has been commissioned a,s a Pilot Officer, R.A.F. V . R., Administrative and Special Duties Branch. J. R. H. Merifield, R.A.F .V.R., has been promoted Flight Lieut. A'. H . C. Meyrick has been commissioned znd L ieut. in the Royal . Artillery. 'f. E. R. M_icklem is a znd Lieut. in an A .A. Regt., R .A. M. H. Miles is a Corporal in the Gloucestershire Regt. W. S. Mills has been commissioned Flying Officer, R.A .F.V .R., for A.T.C. duties. W. H . Mitchell, Oxford and Bucks. LigÂˇht Infantry, has been attached to the Royal Fusiliers, and has been promoted Lieut. N. E. Monie, znd Lieut., Royal Corps of Signals, has been attached to the Indian Army Signals and has been promoted Captain. D. D. Moor, A/C.z, R.A.F.V.R., has been stationed in Wiltshire. D. S. Morgan is a znd Lieut . in the Manchester Regt. A. P. Morice is a Lieut. in the Army Educational Corps. M. J. Mortimer has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R ~ L. P. Mosdell, after being comm issioned znd Lieut. in the Rifle Brigade, has been attached to the Libyan Arab Force and promoted Lieutenant. F. R. Mountain has been promoted Paymaster Lieut., R.N.V.R., and has been stationed in Iceland. H. Moyse-Bartlett, Maior, Royal Corps of Sign als. _ The Rev. E. D . Neal has been training as an A/C . z in thP- R.A.F.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE D. E. Ne\Yell is a 2nd Lieut. in the King's African Rifles and 1s stationed in Abyssinia . . J. P. Newton, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training in Canada. l E. H. Nicholson, R.A.S.C., has been promoted Lieut. and is with the \!Vest African Forc:e. . T. V. Nicholson, Major, R.A.S.C., has been on a mission to th.e U .S.A. and Canada on behalf of the Railway Executive Committee. W A. Nield has been commissioned in the R.C .A.F. as a Staff Officer. F . T. Oke:y is a Lieut. in the R.A.S~C. The Rev . K. C. Oliver is a Chaplain to the Forces. H. R. Ort~n, Captain, R.A.S .C., has been attached to G.H Q. (S. an::! T.), M iddle East Force . J. C. Palmer, Sub-Lieut., R.N.V.R., is serving in one of H.M. Corvettes. P. C. Palmer has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Intelligence Corps. ] . Park, Intelligence Corps, has been promoted Lieutenant. S. F. Parsons, King's Royal Hussars, has been promoted Captain . E. P. Payne, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is training on the South Coast. F. H. Pedley is a Private in the Royal. Pay Corps. H. H. Pennington, 2nd Lieut., R.E., has transferred to Commandos. I. B. Perrott is training at an 0. C. T. U., Royal Corps of Signals. A. J. Perry is a Private in the Royal Warwickshire Regt. S. V . Peskett, Lieut., Royal Marines, after a year and a half in Shetland, has come south. S. W. N. PhiLips is a 2nd Lieut., R.A., attached to a Heavy A.A. Battery. K. Pigot, 2nd Lieut., The Loyal Regt., is attached to The Gold Coast Regt · M. W. Pitt, The York and Lancaster Regt., has been promoted Lieut. and is serving in the M'.ddle East. J. Plant, 2nd Lieut., has been attached to R.J\. Base Dep6t, Middle East Forces. L. T. Podmore is Captain in the Royal Marines. M. S. Porcher has been training- in Wales in an 0.C.T.U., R.A. J. F. A . Porter is a Pilot Officer, R.A.F .V.R., Admihistrativ.e Branch. R. M. Vv. Powel) is a 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Engineers. G. E. Price has been training as a Private in the Infantry Training Centre of the Northamptonshire Regt . Major E. C. Priestley, O.B.E., Army Educational Corps, has been on the Staff of the School of Military Administration. H. K, Pusey has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R,. , ·for special duties; . · C.R. B. Quentin, Paymaster Sub-Lieut., R.N .V.R., is in S. Africa. J. J. D . A. P . M. Quinn, R.A.S.C., has been promoted Captain and has been with a Home M. T. Company. , H. A. F . Radley, 2nd Lieut., Lancashire .Fusiliers, has been overseas.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Rashleigh has been serving as a Lance-Corporal m the Royal Sussex Regt. F. R. Rawes, the Intelligence Corps, has been promoted Lieut. E. Rawlinson, after training in Canada, has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R. E. Rees is serving in the R.A.F. as A/C.2, R.A.F.V.R. S. G. R ees has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., R.A. A. M. Reid has been commissioned 2nd Lieut., R.A., and has gone out East. C. C. Reid has been commis sioned 2nd Lieut., R.A. A. W. Richa rds, Cadet, Royal Signals Corps, is training at an " O.C.T.U. C. Richardson, Cadet, R.A.F.V.R., is in training on the South Coast. C. L. Robathan has been commissioned znd Lieut. in a M.A.A. Battery, 路 R.A., and has been stationed in Orkney. The Rev. F. N . R obathan is a Senior Cha plain to the Forces. A. W. U. Roberts is a Lieutenant in the Cornwall Regiment . F . G. Roberts, R.A.F .V .R., has been p romoted Flight Lieut., and :s in charge of a flight of balloons in the South of England. J. M. U. Robin s, af'. er serving as a Lance-Corporal 路in the Oxford an d Bucks. Light Infantry, has been recommended for a course of training at an 0.C .T.U. P. H. Rogers has b een commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Coast Training Regt., R.A. T. M. F. Rog ers, R.A.F., has been promoted Corporal Group 1 vV :reless Operator Mechanic. J. D. Rosser is a znd Lieut. in the Royal Tank Regt. T. Russell, Lance-Corporal, R . E ., is in a Survey Ba tta:ion. ], E . Rutherford after training- at a Roy a l Signals O.C.T.U. ha s been comm:ss :oned znd Lieut. R . R. Rylands is a znd Li eut. :n the King 's Shropshire Light Infantry, and has 路been serving overseas . - D. G. G. Salt has been commissioned znd Lieut., Royal Gloucestershire Hussars. P . F. vV. Salt is a Private in the Intelligence Corps . H. N. Savory, R.A., has been promoted Lance-Bombardier. The R ev . G. Sayle, Chaplain to the Forces, is in Egypt. L. F . ~-cholfield has been commissioned Sub-Lieut., R .N.V.R. M. W. Scott has been promoted Captain and is serving with a Lig ht A.A . Regt., R.A., in Africa. B. Seton is training as a Signaller at an_ Infantry Training Centre. J. C. C. Shapland, R.A.S.C. , is to be congratulated on his promot ion to Major. A. K. Sharp, Monmouthshire Regt., has been promoted Captain. J. N. ~路haw is a Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R., engaged in physical training duties. H. T. Shergold has been transferred to the Intelligen ce Corps , promoted Lieutenant, and is attached to G .H .Q ., Middle East Force. G. L. H. R. Shield, The Black Watch, has been promoted Lieut. and has g one overseas.

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J. Shipwright

has been commissi oned 2nd Lieut. in the Intelligence Corps and has been in the Middle East. J. F . W. Sims is train ing as a Cadet at an Infantry O .C.T.U. E. W. Slaughter has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. , R.A.S.C., and has gone overseas , attached to a Light A.A. Regt., R.A. A. G. Slemeck, Sub-Lieut ., R.N.V.R., has left the armed trawleli in which he was serving and is now serving in one of H.M ~ Destroyers. . R.H. s;emeck has been serving as an Ordinary Seam an , R.N .V .R:, in one of H.M . Destroyers. P. G. Smart ha s been training at a Royal Artillery, O .C.T.U., i? the North of England. A. Woodhouse Smith has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Royaf Scots, to be attached to the Indian Army. D . B. Smith has been training at an 0.C.T. U., R.A. J. C. E. Smith has been serving as a Fusilier in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. P. M. Smith has been serving as a Private in the Royal Warwickshire R eg-t. P. Woodhouse Sm ith , who is in the Royal Engineers, has been promoted Captain-. S. J. H . Smith, Oxford and Bucks. Light Infantry, has been pm:-moted Lieutenant. W. P. Smith has been commissioned 2nJ Lieut., R.E . Survey. J. F. G. Sootheran has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Green Howards. J. H. Stephens, after being commissioned 2nd Lieut. in an AntiTank Regt., R.A., has transferred for training as a Pilot to the R.A.F. for army co-operation . P. D. Stobart has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Searchlight Battery, .R .A., and has been stationed in S.E. England. E. G. Stokes is a Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R., and has been stationed in Egypt. L. I. Stowe, Intelligence Corps, has been promoted Lieutena nt . N. J. Strachan has been commissioned 2nd Lieut.,, Queen's Own Dorset Yeomanry. R. G . Strong is a Lieut. in the R.A.S.C. E. D. Sudale has been commissioned 211d Lieut. in the Royal Tan~ Regt. The Rev. A. E. A. Sulston is a Chaplain to the Forces, attached to the Queen's O wn Roya; West .Kent Regt. M. E. H. Suter" is a 2nd Lieut. in the Somerset Light Infantry. E. F. A. Suttle has been commissioned Pilot Officer, R.A.F.V.R._, Administrative and Special Duties Franch, and is stationed in Scotland. H . Taberner, Sergeant, R.A.S .C ., has been serving in the Middle East. J. S. Tennant is a Captain in the West Yorkshire Regt. C. M . Thomas has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the N orfi Irish Horse.

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D. M; Thomas has been 'coirimissioned 2nd Lieut., The Gloucestershire Regt. · G . LI. Thomas, after !'.le.r;ving as a Cadet in an O.C.T.lJ., R.A., has been releasecj from the Army on his appointment to a Cadetship in the ~aniwak Government Serv;ce. I E. Timms, Cadet, R:A.F.V.R., is training in Canada. E. E. Toland, the Leice-~ters.hire Regt., has b een prorno :.ed Captain. 0. C. Trimby was con~missioned in December Acting Piiot Officer, R.A.F. V.R., AdministnJ.tive and Special Duties Branch. J. H. Tyzack has been training in an O.C.T.U., R.A. (A.A.), in Wales. R. C. Upham is a Lance-Bombardier in a Light A .A. Training Regt., R.A. A. M. Urquhart, Field Regt., R.A., has been promoted Captain. E. Urry has been commissioned Acting :Pilot Officer, R.A.F .V.R., Administration Branch ..' · J .IH. Vaillant is a Trooper in the Royal Tank Regt. The Rev. R. J. Vaughan is serving as a Chaplain to the Forces. \i\T . Wallace has been commissioned 2nd L ieut., R.A. C. P . Walsh, Royal Engineers \C.\V.), has been promoted Lieut. W. L. Ward has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Corps of Signals and is in India. lL W. W. \Vatson is a 2nd Lieut. in the Gordon Highlanders. J. F. Wearing is serving as an A/C.2, R.A.F.V.R. M. P. Whitaker is a Trooper in the Royal Tank Regt. G. H. VI/. White, South Staffordshire Regt., has been promoted Captain. The Rev. B. W. Whitlow is a Chaplain,. R .A.F., and has been " stationed in Lincolnshire. V. M. Wilford is a 2nd Lieut. in the Royal Artillery. p. H. Willson, R.A .S.C., has been promoted Lance-Corporal. 1\. T. ·de B. Wi:mot, afte~ serving as · a 2nd Lieut., Kenya Regt., . in the Abyssinian campaign, has been seconded as an Administrative Officer i.n the Temporary Administration, Abyss'.n ia. D. H. A. Wilson is traini11gin an O.C.T. U., R.A., in the Midlands . D. R. Wilson is a Sergeant Pilot, R.A.F.V.R., flying Lockhead · Hudson aircraft iri Coastal Command. W. T. Wilson has been training in a Signal Training Regt., R.A. 0. R. Withers is a Signalman in the Royal Corps of Signa'.s. H. 0. Wood has · been haining as a Trooper in a Training Regt. R.A.C., in the North of England. G. C. Woodford has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in the Derbyshire Yeomanry. S. C. Woodger has been serving as a Gunner in an A.A. Training. Regt .. R.A. . P.A. I. Worner, A/C.2, R ..A.F.V .R., is stationed a.tan R.A.F. Station in Sussex. · R. T. C. Worsley has been commissioned Sub-L:eut., R.N.V.R. G. Worth has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in an A.A. Regt., R.A. E. L. V\hight has been commissioned as a 2nd Lieut. E. C. C . . Wynter has been commissioned 2nd Lieut. in a Field Regt . , R.A. The Rev. Dr. E. E. Yelverton is a . Senior Chaplain to the Forces.

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CASUALTIES. Sub-Lieut. A. J. Ensor, Fleet Air Arm, has been reported missing, presumed killed on active service. Lieut. D. J. Holmes, Royal Marines , was seriously wounded in Crete and is m :ssing. 2nd Lieut. J. McManners, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, has been wounded in the recent fighting in Libya. Lieut. G. J. P. Merifield , R.N.V.R., H.M.S. Rosabelle, has been reported missing, presumed killed. 2nd Lieut. C. E . B. B. Simpson, 路 R.A., has been wounded and made a prisoner of war during the 路 recent 路fighting in L ibya. He has reached Italy safely, and his address is: British Prisoner of War No. 179493, c/o Croce Rossa ltaliana, via Puglie 6, Rome. J. S. v\:ynne, Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R., H.M.S. Audacity, has been reported missing, presumably killed. HALL STAFF C. F. J. Anslow is servi ng as an Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R., in one of H. M. D estroyers. A. Blay is in the Observer Corps. H. J. Dudgeon, Sergeant, Oxford and Bucks. Light Infantry is a prisoner of war at Rouen. D. W. Filer is a Staff ~-ergeant in the City of London Yeomanry. F. E. Harper is a Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant, Field Ambulanre, R.A.M.C . , and is at present in the Sudan. E. R. Hill is an Ordinary Signalman, R.N.V.R. D. Williams is serving in the Auxiliary Fire Service. C. W. E. Woodward is serving as a Lance-S~rgeant in the Royal Artillery.

OBITUARY GEORGE JAMES AUDOMAR D'ARCY The Rev. Canon George James Audomar D'Arcy, M.A .. Vicar of Worksop, died on January io at the age of 79. He entered the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 1879. He read for Honours in Mathematics and obtained a Third in Honour Mathematical Moderations. After graduating in 1884 he was ordained to a curacy at Christ Church, Freemantle, Southampton, in the following year. Five years later he went as curate to Christ Church, Luton, and from there in 1894 to St. Mary's, Walton-on-the-Hill. After three years as a curate to Fr. George Trevelyan at St. Alban's_, Birmingham, he was appointed by him in 1900 Perpetual Curate of the district of St. Patrick's, Bordesley, with a view to his becoming the first v_icar as soon as its separation from St . Alban's should be effected. In a clergy house consisting of four little cottages next to the church 路 D' Arey and three assistant priests lived, to quote the testimony of a fri~nd, 'hard-working and ascetic lives in the midst of

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their people, and laid a good foundation for those who have followed and developed the work.' In 1909 he accepted appointment as Vicar of Worksop, of which the parish church comprised the imposing Romanesque nave and aisles of the former conventual church of a Priory of Austin Canons. During his incumbency of over thirty years he worked valiantly and with good success to bring back into use ruined portions of the ancient fabric. He began by restori ng the Gate House, and then followed with the reparation of the attractive little Lady Chapel on the south side of the church. The fine south transept was . then rebuilt, and, as his final undertaking, he tackled the restoration of the north transept and the crossing, above which the tower once stood. A notable builder, he was at the same time no less notable as a preacher and pastor, as the crowded attendance each Sunday at High M ass in his great church bore witness. Due recognition of his work and influence we re awarded him in his diocese . In 191 l he was appointed Rural Dean of Worksop and in 1919 Honorary Canon of Oxton Secunda Pars in the Cathedra l Church of Southwell. A.B.E. AUSTIN HENRY THOMPSON The Rev . Prebendary Austin Henry Thompson_, M.A., Vicar of St. Peter's, Eaton Square, was struck down ~n d killed in the course of an air raid on the night of April 20. At the time he was visiting, as was his regular practice each nig-ht, those of his parishioners who were using the crypt of 'his church as a n air-raid shelter. Prebendary Thompson, born at Malta in 1870, was the second son of Lieut.-Col. J. B. Thompson, R.A. He entered the Hall from King's School, Canterbury, in Michaelmas Term, 1889, and after obtaining a Second in. Honour Classical Moderations and a Third ip 'Greats' he graduated in 1893. In the follo wing year he was ordained to a .curacy at St. Paul's, Truro. In 1897 he moved to London, and for three years was curate at St. John the Evangelist, Norwood, and for six he was one of the assistant priests at All Hallows, Barking. In 1906 he was appointed Tait Missioner in the diocese of Canterbury and a Six Preacher in Canterbury Cathedral. Three yea rs later he ret urned to London as Vicar of St. Peter's, Mount Park, Ealing. During the seven years that he was in charge of this cure he was recognised as doing a great work 'in building up a congrega tion and carrying the influence of the Church into every part of the parish.' In 1916 he was invited by Bishop Winning ton-Ingram to accept t he important living of St. P eter's, Eaton Square. In 1929 he was appointed Rural Dean

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE of Westminster, and in 1934 Prebendary of Tottenhall in St. Paul's Cathedral. His death by enemy action has deprived the London diocese, as has been said by one who knew him well, 'of one of its best beloved and m ost respected clergy, a man of deep devotion, ceaseless labo ur, and unfailing kindness.' A.B.E. HERBERT PERCY HALE The Rev. Herbert Percy H ale, M.A., died on December 22 , 1940, aged Âˇ72. He was admitted to the Hall in Hilary Term, 1891, and read the Honour School of Theology. On obtaini ng a Third he g raduated in 1894, and after proceeding to Lichfield Theological College was ordain ed in the following year to a curacy at St. Peter's, Mansfield, Notts . In 1898 he went as curate to St. Mary's, Kingston-on-Hull, and then in 1901 to Bakewell, Derbyshire. In 1903 he went out to Southern Rhodesia a nd worked for four years as Chaplain to the Rhodesian Railways. H e returned to England in 1908 to become Organizing Secretary in Derbyshire of Church Extension, b ut he very soon responded again to the call of service overseas and in 1qo9 went o ut to Queensland, where he was, first, V icar of Christ Church, Boonah, and then of Christ Church, Tingalpa, B risbane. After an absence of five years he came back to hi s former diocese in 1914 a s Vicar of Hartington . In 1918 he was ;oippointed Rector of St. P eter's , Nottingham. On his retirement thirteen years later he went to live first at E ast Grinstead and later at Keynsham. A.B.E. ARTHUR CYRIL RIDSDALE The Rev. Arthur Cyril Ridsdale, D.D., died at his home, Tonnochy House, Naini Tal, United Provinces, India; on April 21. He came up to the University as a non-collegiate student in Michaelmas Term 1895, and migrated to the H a ll two years later . He obtai ned a Third in Honour Classical Moderations and graduated in 1898. H e was ordained from Ely Theological College in 1900 to a curacy at St. S aviour's, Hoxton. After three years in the East End he went as curate to St. Agatha's, Landport, a nd from there in 1905 he went to India on the Ecclesiastical Establishment. Therea fter India became his home. Hi s first chaplaincy was at Kidderpore, Calcutta; he was subsequently ,chaplain at Cuttack, where he held the chaplaincy three times; a t Barrackpore, at St. Thomas ', Calcutta, at Honorah, at Darjeeling and, last of a ll, at Lebon g , Darj eeling. On his retirement in 1927 he spent two years in England on furlough , but returned to Indi a to settle down at th e hill station of N aini T a i.

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His interests were many-sided-theology, philosophy, music, astronomy and mathematics, in all of which subjects he has left published work. He was a Fellow o_f the Philosophical Society, of the Royal Astronomical Society and of the Royal Meteorological Society and a Foreign Member of the Societe Astronomique de France : in 1923 he proceeded to the degree of D.D. A.B.E. WILFRID ARMITAGE SCHOFIELD On 15 July, 1941, William Armitage Schofield died, after much suffering, at his vicarage of Grosm ont in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He came up to the Hall in October, 1904, from Worcester College for the Blind ; he h a d lost the sight of both eyes by a tragic accident when he was a boy of ro. He loved the countryside, birds and trees and flowers, as I know from walking with him, but he bore his loss with heroic courage, riever repining and always hoping that his s ight might be restored. Meanwhile he lived, to a remarkable degree, as if h e were a sighted man, throwing h imself eage rly into ~ all the pursuits open to him . He had tremend.o us physical strength, and as a wrestler he could pick up and throw the bigge'st and strongest man in the Hall in his day, and he strode about O xford disdaining the- aid of a stick. He was extremely popular, for he had a splendid sense of fun arid a keen wit. He read History and worked hard, with th.e r esult tha t he got a good Second in 1908, no small achievement for a man so handicapped. He was clear abou t a call to Holy Orders, and after taking his degree he went to L~eds Clergy School. In 1909 he was ordained . deacon by Bishop J'alhot, then of Southwark, to a title a t Wimbledon, and priest the next year. He was very" happy there, delighting in life with most congenial coll~agues in the Clen.;y House. After three years, since his father was ageing, he fe lt it his duty to be near his home, so he moved to a curacy at St. Andrew's, Huddersfield, and thence to St. John's, Cleckheaton, close by; then in 1917 to St. Maurice's, York. In 1921 the then Archbishop, now Archbishop of Canterbury, collated him to the vicarage of Thixenclale, and he was m a rried to the devoted lady who broug ht intense h a ppiness into his life . I had the honour of marrying- them, and a week later of inducting him into Thixendale, probably the m ost lonely and remote parish in the East Riding, hidden in the high wold s between Driffeld and Malton. Schofield soon found his way about it. He was an ideal p~ rish priest; he visited assiduously; his parishioners loved him , for he kn ew them ali well. He found time, too, to work diligently at the obscure history of the parish and made most valuable notes

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upon it. Eleven years later, in 1932, the present Archbishop moved him to Grosmont, a vicarage in the hintedand of Whitby. Here he worked with great devotion and his folk responded; but after a few years he began to suffer from alarming attacks of pain, and last year he was removed to Leeds for a specialist's opinion; but .his case was found to be inoperable. He leaves a _widow and a.son. Wilfrid Schofie:d was one of the bravest men I have ever known and one of the very best. He was an ideal parish priest, a true pastor, an excellent preacher, and entirely consecrated to his high cal;ing. He never murmured at his grave handicap, and he overcame it in every possible way. He was a deiightful pupil and a devoted friend. He loved the Hall, and his years there were among his happiest memories. S. L. 0LLARD. FRANCIS SMURTHWAITE STROTHER Francis Smurthv~aite Strother, Vicar of Monksilver with Elworthy, Somerset, was educated at Honiton School, entered the Civil Service and served in a department of the Post Office. He . was a devout Churchman and had a strong vocation. for Holy Orders. At last n~ eans were found, by the late Canon Petit, to enable him to realize it, and he came up to the Hall in October, 1905. He took his degree in 1908, spent some time at St. Stephen's House, and was ordained deacon in that year by- the Bishop of Southwark and licensed to the assistant curacy of All Sai1:its, Dul\Vich. He was ordained priest in 1909 . .After two years in Dulwich he went as Chaplain to Dorchester Missionary College. He prac~ .t ised what he. preached to his pupils, and in 191 l he went out as a !11.issionary to Ceylon and was first priest~in-charge, and then v:car, ?f All Saints, Galle. In 1920 he left for Africa to become Director of St. Saviour's Mission, Leribe, Ba sutoland. Having worked the re for nine years, he came home and was appointed incumbent of Christ Church, Lochg ilphead , Argyll, and held it for two years. Then in lg.'F he joined the staff of Wimbledon parish church, being made priest-in-charge of the district church . of St. Matthew's, which under his care became a very enthusiastic centre of Church life. At last, in 1935, he was appointed by the Guild of An Souls to a ben efice in the diocese of St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich. But the late Bishop o-f that See refused institution apparently on the ground .that Strqther declined to give up Reservation, which ,;_,as the cus_tom of the parish; and so after twenty-seven year:;; of splendid ,service to the Church at home and abroad Strother was still unbeneficed. Then, happily, the scandal, for such it really_was, was brought lo the notice of the Dean of Windsor, and he and the

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Canons presented Strother to the benefice of Monksilver with Elworthy, a lovely place under the Quantocks . There he worked for just over five years, with grea t faithfulness and very happily. He died, after a sudden illness, on November 2 , aged 60. He was much beloved, and his Rural Dean emphasised the effect of his devoted life, which he did not hesitate to call saintly . Strother was from first to last a man of extraordinary conscientiousness, aiways awake to the call of duty, very earnest, very thorough. That he should have been considered 'an extremist' wa s a grotesque misunderstanding: he was a very loyal and convinced English Churchman of the Tractarian school. At the Hall he was a very hard worker, but he was also keen on games, an Eightsman and a good cricketer. He had not a spark of self-seeking in him. It may be recorded that after his appointment to Monksilver he sent to the Dean of 'i\Tindsor at regular intervals a full report on the parish and its condition. S. L. OLLARD. ÂˇGEORGE VERNON CARLIN Among the heavy toll of officers and men lost in H.M.S. H ood on May 24 was Paymaster Lieut.-Comrna:nder G. Carlin, R.N.V.R. George Vernon Carlin came up to the Hall from Nottingham Hi g h School in Mi chaelmas Term, 1922, at the age of 18. He read the Honour School of English Language and Literature and had good reason to be disapp~ inted in only obtaining a ' Third.' Short in stature, alert in manner, he was soon discovered to have the makings of a promising cox, and coxed the Âˇ Torpid and the Eight in his first year, and continued to render the Boat Club good service until in his last yea r the claims of Schools obliged him to relinquish the rudder-strings. But eights and torpids were not the only craft in which he took ship while he was an undergraduate, for he began his association with the R.N.V.R. while he was in residence at the Hall. He was g azetted PaymasterLieutenant in 1927. Each year he spent part of his summer holidays in one of H.M. big ships. It was an annual interlude to which he greatly looked forward. In 1930 he wrote to me of the thrilling time he had had in H.M.S. Rodney shortly after she had completed her trials. On going down from the Hall in 1925 he was appointed an assistant master a t Kingswood School. Two years later he moved to Bloxham School. With useful teaching experience thus acquired he accepted appointment to a housemastership at th e Royal Masonic School, Bu shey, in 1930. There his unfailing devotion to

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his many duties in his house and in the school was well requited by the great regard in which he was held. On the outbreak of war he was appointed as secretary to RearAdmiral Kekewich, who was in charge of the armed merchant cruisers of the Northern Patrol. When his chief went to the Admiralty, Carlin wa'S appointed to H.M .S. Hood as Accountant Officer II - a post of which he made the characteristic comment that it did not give him nearly enough to do. A.B.E .

KENRICK WILLIAM MARSHALL CHRISTOPHER Kenrick Christopher, Sergeant Observer, R.A.F., was ki.led in action d uring operations over enemy territory early in July. In the last year of his residence at the Hall Christopher set his heart on joining the Royal Air Force, and in August, 1939, he.was informed that his application for a commission had been successful. The outbreak of war, however, in the following month necessitated a radical alterat:on of all training schemes and he found h:mself under the necessity of proceeding for training through the ranks. He accepted this new ruling with complete cheerfulness and entered on his training as an Aircraftsman. Early in May he joined his Squadron as an Observer, _and during the short time that he was with it took part in several important operations. He had already won for himself the high opinion of his commanding officer both for his keenness and his ability. During the final stages of his training he had been recommended for a commission and was exp.ecting the granting of it at any time. Kenrick Christopher was the son of the Rev. D . K. B. Christopher and was born at Aberavon in 1915. He entered Blundell's School in 1929, going as a day-boy, his father being Rector of the neighbouring village of Stoodleigh . He rose to a responsible position in the school, being appointed a House Monitor in 1933 and H ead of his House and a School Monitor in the following year. It was wi th very cordial comme nd ations from his Head Master and his House Master that he came up to the Hall in Michaelmas Term, 19351, in the expectation of rea ding for Honours in Modern History . . Although he had subsequently to content himself with pursuing the humbler course of Passman to a degree, he put his time at the Hall to useful account, entering with zest into the life of the place. Small of stature and light in weig ht, he was not of a build to achieve great success in games, but in the duties that came to him as an Observer in the Royal Air Force he was completely at home, and, released from what was perhaps to him the

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iather awesome atmosphere of boo_k -learning, he app1ied himself with evident capacity and eagerness to the new respons.bi1ities of active service with the R.A.F. A.B.E. BRUCE ARTHUR ROGERS Flight-Lieutenant Bruce Rogers, R .A. F ., was kil ced in July in the course of a dayiight _s weep; over Northern France, and is buried at Ambleteuse withm sight of the Kentish cliffs . Bruce Rogers, following his elder brother, came up to th~ Hall with a County Major Scholarship at the age of 19 in Michaelm as Term, 1936, from Brent wood School, of which he had been Cap-tain. He first proceeded with the study of French -and ::-panish for the Honour S~hool of Modern Lang uages, but after pass:ng the First Public Examination he decided with characteristic enterprise ai~ci, it. may now be added, with some prescience of coming events , to make R-ussian his fi rst language for the Final Examination, although he had no previous knowledge of that language. H e sought out with energy eve·r y occasio.n for improving his facility in the spoken tongue. He spent the Long Vacation of 1937 in Riga, and a considerable part of his next Long Vacation in helping to run a camp in the South of France for the sons of.Russian exiles. But it was as a member of the Boat Club that to most of his contemporaries at the Hall his notable gifts of character and capacity were made apparent. In this field of endeavour he had his brother's good a_c hievement as a precedent. In his first year Bruce Rogers contributed not a little as stroke i:o the success of the Second Eight in making six bumps, a nd subsequently he stroked the Eight that represented the Hall that summer at Marlow and Henley. Th_e reafter he took an indispensable part in the mounting triumphs of the Boat Club, rowing ' 4 ' in the First Eight in t 938 , and ' 6-' in 1939 · In the latter year he with other members of the First Eight was elected to the Leander Club after their success in rea_c hing thP- second place 'on the riv er~ As _a n oar he was an untiring and unsparing worker. His zest and concentration were invaluable ·assets to every crew of which he was a member; -an d his playful sallies and humour contributed much to the c_o mpanionship of training, the inor~ so, perhaps, as ordinarily his manner was pensive and self-contained. . He also found time to eng·age actively in the work of the Univers:ty Air Squadron. In the summer of 1939, ·after obtaining a Second ' in his Final Schools, he was hesitating between accepting a commission in the Royal Air Force or an appointment under the British Council. The outbreak of war decided his choice. After a pleasant month or

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more in North Wales spent in training air-gunners, he found himself in September a fighter pilot in the famous 242 Squadron of Hurricanes under the command of Squa dron-Leader Ba der. He was married in May 1940 to Dora Maller, whom he had first met as an undergraduate of St. Hilda's, but, unhappily, he did not live to see his daughter Catl1erine, who was born on July 25, 194r. He was_gazetted F:ight-Lieutenant in April. It was characteristic of h im that, al though on the day of his last errand on active -service he was off duty, he should have decided to lead his flight rathe r than leave. the responsibility in hands less experienced than his own. A .B.E. MARTIN SANSOME PRESTON. Martin Sansome Preston, 2nd / Lieut. in the Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry, was reported missing after the evacuation from Dunkirk in May 1940. Fourteen months' painful wa:ting ensued, a,nd then the VVar Office a nn ounced that a grave bearing his name had been found by the French Red Cross at Hazebrouck. It seems that, after moving into Belg ium with the B.E.F., he died on the 28 May 1940 in th.e confus ed fighting for the <;::hannel Ports, and according to reports he was last seen manning a gun alone and covering the safe retreat of his men. He was thus the first Aularian to lay down his life in the present war . At the time of his death Martin Preston was barely twenty-two years of age. He came into residence at the _Hall in Michaelmas Term 1936, having spent his schooldays at Marlborough College, where he was marked out as a boy of influence and distinction in varied fields. His first love at the University was classics, and for the customary five terms he worked energetically · for Honour Moderations . ·He then switched_over to the study of the Law and, if it . had not been for the outbreak of war, would have taken his final examinations in the summer of 1940. He was obviously a scholar of much ability and of discriminating taste, and his affe .. tion for the classics always burned bright: during the tedious period · of waiting in France before the storm broke, he rem embered his Greek -S:uthors, and in his letter'.' sometimes quoted choruses from the tragedians. For the three years of his undergraduate career he was undoubtedl v on e of the leading figures in the Hall. Hockey was the game which he enjoyed most and at which he excelled: he became Secretary of the Hall Hockey Club in his third year and several times played for the Occasionals . Practically all the discussion

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groups of the Hall had him as an active member: h e took part m the debates of the Debating Society, read and di~cussed essays at meetings of the Essay Society, treated the Makers to his polished poems, and presided over the Diogenes Club. At a later stage he developed an interest in acting and became a keen member of the 0.U. Experimental Theatre Club. Many will remember his appearance in the grisly role of Death in ' The Castle of Perseverance,' which was produced by the Club in Hilary Term 1939 in the Taylorian Institution and in the following Long Vacation was presented in the Hall Quadrangle and on the steps of St. George 's Chapel, Windsor. These scattered items of biography convey only a fleeting glimpse of the singularly versatile, attractive person whose outward dress they formed .. To many people Martin Preston was something of an enigma, mainly because of the reserve and quiet dignity of his bearing, for even as a freshman he revealed a n unusual maturity of poise and self-possession. . These qualities, ho wever, were matched by a charm of manner and gracious courtesy which are rare among young men, and they masked a habit of rigorous self-criticism and a determination to be content only with the best. H e was outwardly gay, full of gusto for the company of hi s friends, and entered with full zest into the enjoyment of life's good things. Yet there was a serious, even melancholy strain within him which made him alive to other and very different aspects of the world. Although he seldom disclosed his innermost thoug hts, no one who knew him a t all intimately could fai l to notice his essential ideali s m of outlook and hi s scrupulous regard for duty. In the sp~ing of 1939, under the impact of the increasing internationai tension, he joined the Territorial Army, and on pleasant afternoons of May and June made frequent expeditions to Hig h Wycombe to undergo instruction and training, often bringing back flow ers and blossom gathered by the wayside to deck his rooms in Hall or give to his friends. When war b roke out he was immediately granted a commission, and about the same time . he became engaged : towards the end of the year he was sent to France. There he lived, stationed in an uninviting district near Lille, throughout those irksome months of wa iting; and it was typical of him that much of his time was .occupied devising means of enlivening the bored spirits of his men and endeavouring to improve their material conditions. In the battle which followed his battalion was heavily engaged. Such reports as are available

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of the fighting around Hazebrouck suggest that he displayed great courage a nd devotion ; and those who knew him will readily believe that he gave a good account of himself. J.N.b.K.

UT FAMA EST The Rev. Canon D. Armytage has made a good recovery from a serious operation. The Rev . N. E. Ashenden, Metropolitan Secretary of C .M.S., has been appointed Vicar of Studley, near Trowbridge. Mr. A. C. Bailey has been serving in a Friends ' Ambulance Unit in the East End of London. The Rev. L . O'S. Beere, Priest-in-charge of Haiju and VicarRural of Whanghai, Corea, has been appointed Vicar of Porangahau, Hawke's Bay, N.Z. The Rev. H. A. Blair has been appointed Vicar of Horningsham, Wilts . Mr. C. Broadhead is Personal Manager of a large armaments factory in the Midlands. Mr. E. M . Carpenter has been a ppointed Technical Assistant to the Advisory Economist at H arpe r Adams Agricultural College, Newport , Salop. Mr. E. P. Carter has returned from Jamaica to join H.M ,. Forces. Mr. H. Cloke, who has been acting as Headmaster of the S.E. London Emergency Secondary School for Boys, is to be congratulated on his appointment as Headmaster of Wellington Grammar School, Salop. Mr. A. F. Colborn is interned in Germany: British Civilian No. 17455, Ilag VIII. He is to be congra tulated on the publica tion of his edition of the Early Middle English text Bali Meiohad, printed in Denmark in 1940, shortly before the German occupation. The Rev. M . W. Dittmer has been appointed on ordination to a curacy in the parish of St. Andrew's, Bromley, Kent. Mr. G . K . B. Evans is studying at the Institute of Experimental Psycholog y, Oxford. Mr. A. F. Finch has been appointed to a temporary assistant mastersh ip at Magdalen College School, Brackley. Mr. D. Floyd has given up his work as Assistant Commissioner for National Savings in Yorkshire on joining the R.A.F. The Rev, P. H. Gabb has been appointed Vicar of Holy Trinity, Lee, Kent.

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Mr. J.M. Hallsmith has been serving in a Friends' Ambulance Unit . The Rev. S. H. Hoffman has been appointed on ordination to a curacy in the parish of St. John the Baptist with All Saints, Windsor. The Rev. T.V. Hordern has been appointed Vicar of Hilmarton, Wilts . The Rev. H. A. Jennings has been appointed on ordination to a curacy in the parish of All Saints, Holbeach. Mr . C. M . Kelly, on release from the Army, has gone out to the Gold Coast.. as an Assistant District Officer. Professor G. Wilson Knight has resigned the chair of English Literature in Trinity Âˇ College, Toronto, preferring to be in this country during war-time. He is to be warmly congratulated on the production of This Sc eptred Isle, a dramatization of Shakespeare's call to Britain in time of war, at the Westminster Theatre, and also on the publication of The Starlit Dome by the Oxford University Press . . The Very Rev . W. K . Knight-Adkin, Chaplain to the King, has had to resign the deanery of Gibraltar for reasons of health. The Rev. M. R. Larson has returned to S. Africa and has been appointed on ordination to a curacy in St. James' Church,, Graaff Rein et. The Rev. R. N . Lawso'n has been .appointed Rector of Cheadle., Staffs. Mr. .K. D. Luke was among the passengers who were saved after the torpedoing of the vessel in which he was returning on leave from Malaya. Mr. P. N. Le Mesurier, who has been working on the staff of ÂˇToe H at Kirkwall, has returned home and is training in the South African Air Force. The Rev . Canon T. G. le Mesurier has been appointed Rector of Wellington, Cape Province. Mr. G. W. McNaught is to be congratulated on being placed in Class 2 in the examination for the degree of LL. B . , London University, in 1940. Mr. B. R. S . Mainwaring has been appointed bio-chem ist on the staff of the vVellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Beckenham. The Rev. W. W. S. March is to be congratulated on proceeding to the degree of B.D. The Rev. 0. ] . Matthews has been appointed Vicar of St . Peter's, Drvoool, Hull.

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3.5

The Rev. T. J. Morris has been appointed on· ordination to a curacy at St. Cybi, Holyhead. I · The Rev. E ..L. MJlen has been appointed Rector of St. Audries, West Quantoxhead, Som. The Rev. J. E. Mowll has been appointed to a curacy in the, parish of Slaithwaite, Huddersfield. Mr. H. J. Mills is to be congratulated on his appointment to the Headmastership of the Grammar School, Okehampton, Devon. Mr. J. L. N. O'Loughlin has joined the staff of the Ministry of Jnform a tion. The Rev. A. H. Otway has been appointed Vicar of Ewshott, Surrey. The Rev. T. E. R. Phillips, F.R.A.S., has resigned the living of Headley, Epsom, where he has been vica_r for twenty-five years . Mr. J. L. Pinniger was Medical Superintendent's Deputy at St.' Thomas' Hospital_, which suffered severely in air raids earlier this year. He is to he congratulated on his election as Member of the Royal Society of Physicians. He has been a ppointed lecturer in the Department of Patho!ogy, St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School. The Rev. G. C. Pownall has been appointed to a curacy ·at' Minchinhampton, Glos. Mr. H. E. Pope is engaged in farm-wo rk in Essex. Mr. \V. V . Reynolds has been appointed Deputy Regional Information Officer, N.E. Region, under the Ministry of Information::· Mr. A. P. L. Slater, Nigerian Educa tion Dept., is acting as Aerodrome Control Officer at Kaduna, N. Nigeria . Mr . G. C. Smith has made a very good recovery after the amputation of his right arm . · The Rev. A. E. A. Sulston has resigned his Fellowship at SL · Augustine's College, Canterbury, on marriage. Pilot-Officer E. F. A. Suttle is to be congratulated on passing the examination for the degree of D.Mus. Mr. G. Thomas sailed for Sarawak in March, 1940, as an: · Adm rnistrative Service Cadet. The R ev. J. H. Torrens has been appointed Vicar of St'. Matthew's, Hull. The Rev. E, G. H. Turner has been appointed on ordination to a curacy at St . Barnabas, Woodford Green , Essex . . Mr. C. D. Walker, in consequence of the dispersal of his House through the evacuation of the school into Shropshire, has left Lancing College and joined the Staff of the Nautical College,: Pangbourne.

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Dr. F. D. Walker is to be congratulated on being appointed Professor of English at the University of Oregon . The Rev. G. S. Wamsley has resigned from the Vice-Principalship of Cuddesdon College and is studying at the Pontifical Beda College, which has removed from Rome to St. Joseph 's College, Upholland. The Rev. J. G. V/eatherston was appointed in 1940 priest-incharge of the conventional district of Greenford, Middlesex. Mr. D. A. H. Wright has been appointed V ice-Consul at Trebizond, Turkey. BIRTHS.

znd Lieut. P. C. Birkinshaw: a son, R :chard, born on November 10. Lieut. D. H. Clibborn: a son, born on November 24. Mr. A. B. Codling, R.A.F.V.R.: a son, born on November 7. znd Lieut. D. A. F. Fleming: a daughter, Judith Clare, born on October 14. The Rev. T. C. Heritage: twin daughters, Katharine Sarah and Carola Frances, born on September 7. Sgt.-Pilot N. A. Lowden, R.A .F. V.R.: a daughter, Jill , born on July 16. Mr. H. E. Pegg: a daughter, born on September 21, at Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. Pilot-Officer H.K. Pusey, R.A.F.V.R.: a son, Michael John, born on September 7 and christened in the Hall Chapel on November 9 by the Rev. Dr. L. Hodgson. The late Flight-Lieut. B. A. Rogers, R.A.F.: a daughter, Catherine Jane, born on July 25. 2nd Lieut. P. H. Rogers, R .A. : a son, Julian, born on Jul y 2, and . christened in the Hall Chapel on September 23 by the Rev. the Vice-Principal. Mr. R. C . Thomas: a dau g hter , Deborah May, born on January 5. Mr. H . B. vVaters: a son, Alexander James, born on April 25, at Accra, Gold Coast Colony. The Rev. E. R. Welles: a son, Edward Randolph, born on January 17 at Alexandria, Virginia. MARRIAGES .

Major I. E. N. Besley, R.A .S.C., was married on May 3 at West Newton Church to Susie Vere Alleyne, daughter of Mrs. C. MacL. Plowright. The Rev. D. ]. Cockle was married on August 25 to Miss Stephanie Ondaatje, of Kegalle, Ceylon.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. D. W. Bigley was married on January l, 1940, at Johore Bharu t? Mlle. Genevieve Leclaire. 2nd Lieut. G. Carruthers, The Border Regt., was married on October 7 at Cornwell parish church, Oxon., to Miss Gabriel Joan Heath. 2nd Lieut. J. S. M. Dashwood, R.E., was married on December 17 at Holy Trinity Church, High Hurstwood, to Miss Jean Mary Dashwood, of El Bagnal, Villa Valeria, F.C.P., Argentina. 2nd Lieut. J. vV. Dowding, R.A., was married on September 25 at Henfield parish church, Sussex, to Miss Margaret A. Ricketts. The Rev. P. A. H. Farrant was married on June 21 at SS. Peter and Paul, Chingford, Essex, to Miss Marie Hall, B.A. (Lady Margaret Hall). Serg-t.-Pilot J.B. Harvey, R.A.F.V.R., was married on May 7 at Blackpool to Jeanne; Âˇ elder daughter of Mr. and Mrs. N. Berge. The Rev. J. H. Hodson was married on February 22 at St. Nicholas' Church, Tackley, Oxon., to Mary Patricia, daughter of the Rev. and Mrs. E. J. Lee. Âˇ Lieut. C. C. Hughes, The Hampshire Regt., was married on January 9 at the parish church, Bideford, Devon, to Marjorie Beatrice, eldest daughter of Mrs. Walter Seconde. 2nd Lieut. S. F. Parsons, King's Royal Hussars, was married on May 25 in Brecon Cathedral to Jean Elizabeth, second daughteiof Mr. and Mrs. W. A. G. Howell. F. D. Rushworth was married on September 22 at Oxford to Miss Midah Bayliss. 2nd Lieut. J. E. Rutherford, Royal Corps of Signals, was married on September 6 at Bishop Hannington's Memorial Church, Hove, to Miss Hilda Mary Beck. Major J. C. C. Shapland, R.A.S.C., was married on December 22 at St. Aldate's Church, Oxford, to Miss Mary W. Martin. The Rev. A. E. A. Sulston was married on April 15 at the parish church, Chesham Bois, Bucks, to Muriel, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Blockridge. The Rev. B. W. Whitlow was married on August 26 to Miss Betty Fifett.

PUBLICATIONS.

Henry V. By William Shakespeare. Edited by R. F. Yf../. Fletcher. New Clarendon Shakespeare. At the Clarendon Press, 1941. pp. 192.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

'.fhe Epic in N ineteenth- Century Frnnce. By Dr. H. J. Hunt. Basil Blackwell, 194r. 8vo, pp. 446. 25s. net. ,The Starlit Dome._ By G. Wilson Knight. Oxford University Press, 1941. pp. 314. 16s. net. Mark Twain's Travels with Mr. Brown. Colleeted and edited by Prof. F. D. Walker. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1940 . .Bali Meiohad . Edit_ed by A. F. Colborn . E. M~nksgaard, Copen' . hagen, and H. Milford, Oxford, 1940. 8vo., pp. 143 . \Ve have gathered the following particulars concerning those ~-ularians who have gone do wn since the last issue of the Magazine,

_e xcluding those who have entered on military service : B. E. Bate is engaged in farm-work . J. B. Burtt is engaged in farm -work in Gloucestershire. A. P. D. Jones has gone out as a Forestry Officer to lbadan, S. · Nigeria . .b. R. Jones is at \!Vycliffe Hall. ·c. M. Lavender is exempted from military service for work with the A.B. Metal P roducts Ltd. ·A. R. Lewis is at St. Stephen's House. B. B. Russell is at the College of the Resurrection, M irfield. C. P. Smith is engaged in Civil Defence work in London and is Assistant Leader at the Youth Recreation Centre, W. Islington. G.. H. Thompson has gone out as a Forestry Officer to the Gold Coast. M. H. Tupper is at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. J. R. C. \!Vebb is at Cuddesdon College. During the year the followin g Aularians have been ordained:Deacons .-M.\V . Dittmer (Rochester); S. H. Hoff.man (Oxford); H. A. Jennings (Lincoln); M. R. Larson (George, S. Africa); T . J. Morris (Bangor); E. G. H. Turner (Chelmsford ). Priests.-M. J. D. Car michael (Ripon); N. E. G . Cruttwell ;(Winchester); A. R. Duncan-Jones (Derby); J. H . Edinger (Aberdeen and Orkney); E. vV. Harrison (Liverpool); D. E . Havergal (Peterborough); T. K. Hoey (London); H. C. Irv ing (St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich); W. A. W. Jarvis (Bradford); J. Lyth (Lincoln); R. L. Sharp (Sa lisbury). The followin g Aularians from abroad have visited the Hall during the course of the year :-D. W. Bigley (F ;M.S.), C. de N. Hill (Nigeria), K. D. Luke (F .M.S.).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE ENDOWMEt\IT -APPEAL HE continued support given to the building up of the Endowment Fund, notwithstanding war-time, is most heartening. I record here, once again, the deep gratitude of the Hall to all those who have contributed or recontributed to the Fu~d during the course of the year Ig4r. As I said last year; support given or renewed during these difficult times is most welcome not only for the appreciable addition which it makes to the Fund but also as an assurance that when peace returns we may the more readiJy resume our efforts with undiminished vigour to secure for the Hall that measure of endowment that it needs if it is to maintain the conspicuous position that it has won for itself among Colleges, all of whiC'h have the great advantage of endowment. A.B.E.

£ s. Total brought forward 2448 3 0 *+Mr. J. C. Adamson (£4) "''tMrs. T. K. Allen (£m ms.) ... ·''tRev. Canon D. Armytage (£52 7s.) 5 5 6 tRev. L. C. Baber (£6 l5s. 8d.) ·i·Mr. H. Bagnali (£6} .. . ~ ... 2 0 2 2 *Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Bermuda (£14 l4s.) 2 *Brigadier A. B. Blaxland (£6 6s.) 2 IO ·i·Rev. Vi/. L. Bunce (£5) 2 Rev. \i\T. R. M. Chaplin 2 tl\ev. T. J. Childs (£20) 5 0 IO *tRev. H. Cloke (£3 l3s. 6d.) .. . IO *tRev. H. M. Crabbe (£5 5s.) .. . *tMr. D. K. Daniels (£9 9s.) .. . tMr. H.J. T. Day (£25 l5s.) .. . 5 I5 *t Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Dorchester (£45) 5 0 10 *tMr. A. E. Ellis (£4 I4s. 6d.) .. *tMr. H. N. ffarington (£24) ... 2 0 tRev. R. \V. F. Fletcher (£I8 os. 6d.) 4 0 tMr. B. M. Forrest (£6) I IO *'rMr. G. H. Franey (£16 I6s.) 2 2 *tDr . .P. T. Freeman (£m ms.) I l *Rev. Canon W. F. Gilbanks (£7 2s .) 2 2 +Rev. H. S. Glover (£2 4s.) ... IO tRev. R. A. Hadenfeldt (£m) .. 2 IO tRev. T. P. Hamerton (£8 8s.) 2 2 *Mr. L . W. Hanson (£1g ms.) 0 Mr. C. de N. Hill IQ 0 *tDr. C. R. Hiscocks (£4 ms.) I 0 tMr. A. G. Hopewell (£I ms.) 10 -~·tRev. S. A. Howard (£45) ... 5 0 ' -K·-1-Mr. C. C. Hughes (£4) 0

d. 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZIN E

*tMr. H. C. Ingle (£250) tiV1r. G. E. Janson-Smith (£3) *Mr. and Mrs. W . G. Jarvis (£15) * tRev . J. L. Jenkins (£35 ros.) *.u. W. Johnson (£2 l2S. 6d.) tMr. J. W. King (£4 4s .) t Mr. A. P. Kingsley (£4) *t Mr. E. C . Lamb (£9) ... *Mr . A. F. Lee (£+) *t Rev. H. Livesey (£17 2s.) *tRev . D. H . G . Lovell (£4) *tRev. R. J. Lowe (£2 2s .) *-j-Mr. .J . C. W .,Ludlow (£6 rns.) Mr. K. D . Luke Miss Dorothy Mears (£2) * tRev . LI. R . McDerm id (£8) !Rt. Hon. Lord Meston, K.C.S.I. (£6 9s.) ... *tMr. V. W. Miles (£8) .. tMr. W. H. Mitchell (£7 5s.) .. *Rev. T. G. Mohan (£1 llS.) ... *tRev. A. McL. Murray (£5) *t Rev . K. C. Oliver (£5) *t Mr. P. C . Palmer (£4) *Rev. N . A. P erry-Gore (£2) *Rev . J.E. T. Phi llips (£3 2s. 6d.) *Rev. R. C. Poston (£1 2s . 6d.) tMr. H. K. Pusey (£4 4s.) t Mr. W. V. Reynolds (£6 ros.) *tMr. A. W. U . Roberts (£3 rns .) *tMr. P. J. Sandison (£16) Mr. M. W . Scott *Mr. B. Seton (£ro ros.) *tRev. C. C. Shaw (£5 2s.) *tMr. R. Sim (£550) tRev. A. C. Tott (£15) *Mr. J. H. Tyzack (£6) Mr. A. C. vVace *tMr . C. D. W~l ker (£9) *tMr . R . E . Walker (£4 4s.) tMr . A. T . de B. Wilm ot (£7 ros.) l\f.r. P . Withe rin gton (£3 7s .) *Mr. P. A. I. Worner (£4 4s.) *tMr. D. A. H. Wright (£4 l2S . 6d .) ... Miscellaneous Receipts In terest on Deposit

s. d.

5 l

35 5

I I

£z,644

19 1 0 I

*Denotes previous subscriber to En dowment a nd Extension Fund, 1932 -38. t D enotes s ubscripti on by Banker's Ord er . ::: D enotes subscription und er Deed of Covena nt.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE MASONIC BUILDINGS

H AT possibili ties are there of ever extending further the site of the Hall? How many Aularians have 11sked that question. Now at long last an answer can be given to it. The west and south sides of the fro nt Quadrangle may be ruled out absol utely. On the north side , even if the advowson of St. P eter's-in-the-East were ever to be acq uired by the Hall from Merton College, the difficulties in the way of building on a ny part of the churchyard would be almost insuperable. It is, therefore, in the inchoate inner Quadrangle that the only hope lies. The incorporat ion of Nos. 46, 47 and 48 High Street into the Hall a few years ago, on twenty -one years leases from Magdalen College , opened up one possibility, and, with it, the prospect that one day, if the Hall should be enabled to purchase the freehold of these houses , a new range of H a ll buildin gs mig ht confront the Hig h . Recen tly another, indeed th e only other, possib ility of extension has presented itself - the Masonic Buildings, which abut on the east side of the inner Quadrangle. These premises came into the market in the autumn of 1939 on the death of Mr. H. M. Gardiner, whose father erected them in 1906 on a ninety-nine years lease from Magdalen College. They cover about l l ,ooo square feet, a nd comprise a large a nd a small dini ng h all , the one measuring 68 feet by 35 feet , and the other 41 feet by 20 feet, th ree other rooms, a Masonic T emple, a k itchen, and ancillary offices a nd store-rooms. The head lease, which expires in the year 2005, is affected by three co-termin ous sub- leases , under the terms of which the Alfred, the Bertie and the Churchill Lodges each have the use of the p remises on one day a m onth during- certain months of the yea r. After leng thy negotiation the residue of the lease of the Masonic Buildings h a s been acq uired fro m the National Provincial Bank L td., mortgagees of the property, for the sum of ÂŁ6,500. At present no plans have been la id for the future use of these premises. If it s hould be decided to convert them to the uses of the Hall , it will b e necessary first to come to term s with the three Masonic Lodges concerned . For the time being the question does not arise, as these premises have been in the occupation of the R. A.M .C. since the beginning of the war and are likely so to rem ain until the war is over. It is to be hoped that this p urchase may p rove to be an historic event in the development of the Hall, and that it may be fo llowed some day by readin ess on the part of Magdalen College. to a llow the

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Hall to acquire the freehold of the land on which the Masonic Buildings stand . .To have let slip the opi::ortunity of making this purchase might have resulted in cutting off the Hall for a ll time from the only direction in which its site can be further extended. To have made the purchase at a period of unrrecedented uncertainty in the world's affairs may well be regarded as a signal act of confidence in the future of the Hall. A.B.E.

AN AULARIAN SERIES

HE Aularian Association has been committed by its President to the inauguration of a new and important undertaking. By a grant of ÂŁi50 from its funds the Association has instituted an Aularian series, the first volume of which to appear is The Epic in Nineteenth-Century France by Dr. H.J. Hunt, Fellow of the Hall and University Lecturer in French History. In instituting this series the intention is to promote the publication of works of research either written by members of the Hall or relating to the histor y of the Hall or its members. It is often impossible for the author of a scholarly work to obtain its publication unless he is prepared to m ake a substantial contribution towards the cost. It is hoped, therefore, in a measure at least, to help members of the Hall to overcome -this obstacle by the formation of this Au larian series of volumes. In return for such grant as may make publication possible, the author will be expected to assign to the Publication Fund of the Aularian Association any profits made by the sale of his book, at least up to the amount of the grant made . The volumes will be published by Messrs. B. H. Blackwell Ltd., and will be uniform in format and binding. The very good reception that has been given already to Dr. Hunt 's volume augurs well for the series. In La France Libre Professor Denis Sau rat concludes his review of it with a notable tribute: 'Remercions M. Hunt d'avoir, clans ces temps troubles, ecrit en anglais un livre enor.me qui est peut-etre le monument le plus considerable que !'erudition anglaise ait encore eleve a la gÂˇloire de la litterat ure frarn; a ise moderne. Il nous a rendu un double service en maintenant la <lignite des etudes litteraires pendant ces temps mauvais et en ap pe:ant !'attention sur le pres tige intellectuel permanent de la France.' In Modern Languages, the periodica l of the Modern Languages Association, it is welcomed as 'a book which fills a definite gap in the histo ry of French literature, and which should find a place in every modern language library.' Professor H. F. Stewart prefaces his review in The Modern Language Review

•

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with the remark: 'This is a great book.' In the Dublin Magazine, Professor T. B. Rudmore-Brown describes it as a book 'which ·will henceforth be indispensable for any student of the Romantic f\lovement and its Parnassian continuation .' Mr. Edward Sackville West concludes a full-page review of the book in The New Statesman and Nation by remarking that Dr. Hunt, 'like a ll good critics, arouses enthusiasm for his subject, and so acute and urbane is his writing that I think it well to suggest that his book will prove, for the m ajority of readers, better worth reading than a great m a ny of the poems it discusses. It is in any case a very rea l contribution to critical literat ure.' . As soon as c ircu mstances permit, it is hoped to publ:sh as the second volume in this series Studies of Oliver Goldsmith by W. Vaughan "Reynolds, Lecturer in English in t h e University of Sheffield. A.B.E.

·A

THE BISHOPS' MEETING, 1941

GATHERING unprecedented in Oxford took place this summer within the walls of the Hall. It is customary for the Diocesan Bishops of England an d \!Vales to meet twice a year for .two days at Lambeth Palace. This year it w as resolved at their meeting in J anuary that they ' should endeavour to come apart from thei r various duties for a week in order to confer together as to the ways in which they could take a lead in enabling the Church to give the message which God would w ish it to give to His people a t the presen t fateful time.' It was arra nged that the next Bishops' Meeting a nd this special conference should be held in the H a ll from Monday, June 30, to Monday 1 July 7. The Primus and the Bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland were inv ited to take part in the . Conference, w hich wa s to begin on Wed nesd ay, July 2. Besides the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York, the Archb ishop of \ 'V ales and the Primu!:>, there were present during the whole or ·som e part of the week forty-six bishops, that is, a ll the diocesan bishops of Eng·land, Scotland and Wales, save six. Never before has it been the hi g h privilege of a College in Oxford to house so large a conference of bishops . The re was certainly a particular approp ri ateness, of w hich the Archbishop of Can terbury was not unmindful, that such a gathering should take place in the H a ll which has through seven centuries borne the name of Oxford's first Primate of All England. The conference m et during a spell of hot summer weather ; a nd the varied purple of espiscopal cassocks gave the Quadrangle, bathed as it was in bright sunlight , a vivid

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE wealth of colour that almost reduced the scarlet of the geraniums to insignificance . The services and meetings were held in the Chapel, in the Old Library, and in the church of St. Peter-in-theEast. A series of addresses on the work and office of a ·bishop was given by the Bishop of St. Andrews. Notwithstanding the hot weather, the bi shops pursued a strenuous programme of deliberation, and even when not gathered in con·clave they were to be seen in groups engaged in informal discussion in deck-chairs on the grass under the shade of the Robinia. No public report of their proceedings wa~ intended, but there was issued after the conference a message from -the Bishops to the people of Great Britain which was given wide publicity in the press. In their message the B.ishops emphasised the crucial character of the present struggle, in magnitude and spiritual import exceeding any that has preceded it. ' In magnitude, because Nazi Germany intends, if she can, to impose her will and her creed, not only upon a whole continent, but a lso upon the whole world. In spiritual import, because the Nazi creed is in its principles a nd in its practice almost wholly evil.' While maintaining that all who resist the evil forces let loose upon the world are affirming consciously or unconsciously belief in God and His ordinances, they urge that the people of Britain should take their part, both individually and collectively, in the present confli ct_with the fullest conviction as to the spiritual '.issues that underlie it. In their message they put forward a threefold summons : first, to a reaffirmation of faith in God ; secon'dly, to Christian action. ' Let us acknowledge,' the latter s ummons runs, 'that all goodness in men and in comm unities derives from God, and that, wherever God is neglected, evil entrenches itself. Let us so turn to God now that, if in His providence v ictory is ours, we may neither waste nor misuse the terrible responsibility of victory' but may turn it to the service of God's laws in the re-ordering of our social life, the rediscovery of the dignity of man, and the refashioning of a comity of nations.' And, thirdly, they made appeal for participation in worship. '· In spite of imperfections in our forms , of worship , of which we are conscious,' the message concludes, 'we still call- men to worship, and to worship together. God is never far from any of us. Jn worship we consciously realise His presence. We respond to this eternal holiness and love. \Ve are cleansed and strengthened to meet our duty here w ith steadfast hope. We are -establish ed in the truth that man finds his fulfilment, not in himself, nor in his life, nor in history, but in attaining by God's grace to eternal life iri God's eternal kingdom.'

THE BISHOPS'

CONFE T~E NCE,

194i.

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On behalf of the Bishops present the Archbishop of Canterbury expressed the desire that their offertories in Chapel on the Sunday at the end of the conference might be devoted to some object connected with the Hall. With the approval of the Archbishop it has been decided to use this gift to institute a fund to be known as the Bishops' Fund to be em ployed in the assistance of undergraduate members of the Hall seeking Holy Orders. I hope that this Fund, commemorating, as it does, a historic gathering of Bishops within the Hall, may appeal particula rly to those Aularians who are already incumbents and that they may see their way each year to devote one of the offertories made in their church or churches to the benefit of the Bishops' Fund. A.B.E . KEY To · G , OUP OF THE BISHOPS' CONFERENCE.

[Th e names are given from left to _right as viewed by the reader.] Back Row.-The Bishop of Chich ester, th e Bishop of Edinburgh, the Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney, the Bishop of Chelmsford, th e Bishop of ;{ ochester, the Bishop of Sodor and Man, the Bishop of Worcester, the Bishop of Swansea and Brecon, the Bishop of Exeter, the Bishop of Truro, the Bishop of. Glasgow and Galloway, the Bishop of O xford, the Bishop of Llandaff, the Bishop of St. Asaph, the Bishop of Sheffield . . Middle Row. -The Bishop of St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich, the Bishop of L e icester, the Bishop of Wakefield, the Bishop of Bradford, the Bishop of Chester, the Bishop of Blackburn, t he Bishop of Lichfield, the Bishop of Br istol, the Bishop of Salisbury, the Bishop of St. David's, the Bishop of Gloucester, the Bishop of Winchester, the Bishop of Manchester, the Bishop of Peterborough, the Bishop'Of St. Andrews, the Bishop of Southwark; the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Liverpool. Front Row.-The_ Bishop of Der by, the Bishop of Monmouth, the B ishop of Ripon , th e Bishop o f Bath and Wel ls, the Bishop of St. Albans, th.e P rimus, the Archbishop of York, the Archbishop of Can terbury, the Archbishop of Wales, the B ishop of Durham, the Bishop of Carlisle , the Bishop of Southw ell, tqe Bishop of Portsmouth, the Bishop of Guildford.

THE HARVEST CAMP AT WILCOTE DO not know whether the astrologers pointed to Friday, August r, r94r, as a ·day meriting particular notice. Certainly it will always stand out in the recollection s of those Aularians wh<;>, responding to the Government's appeal for volunteer labour on the land, inaugurated the Hall Agricultural Camp on that day. A bustle of feverish activity marked the morning as frantic last·minute prep arations were hu rr.ed through. About neon a g'gantic lorry elbowed its cumbrous shape into Queen's Lane and halted panting outside the Hall. On to it were piled basins, buckets, \!Vellington boots, tents , ground-sheets, blankets, suitcases, tea-chests packed with stores, two hurricane lamps, several bicycles, and an .indescribable ,

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medley _o f essential gear. A blustering wind and fierce downpours of rain did their best to immobilise it, but at 2 p.m. the lorry !Urched forward and with a rattle and a roar set off at breakneck speed in a north-westerly direction. The a dvance party, consisting of Douglas Lees,. Harold Wheeler (agricultural expert and photographer), John Camkin and Donald Everton, travelled on board, cowering under a broad green tarpaulin which the rain lashed unceasingly, while a little later in the afternoon Mr. G. D. Ramsay, Christopher Starey and the Vice-Principal followed sed ately in their tracks on bicycles. The advance party, deterred by the rain, took refuge in the farm buildings, but early in the evening the weather cleared and we plucked up sufficient courage to pitch our camp . The tents were erected in a row, first two bell-tents, then two bivouac tents, and then a third bell-tent, leaning at a perilous angle, reserved -for stores. They stood alongside a coppice of trees in a field belonging to the vVilcote Estate, roug hly four miles north of Witney and five miles west of \/Voodstock, and although the site was not well turfed and became muddy in wet weather, it was the best :we could hit upon . Nearby was the cottage, presided over by Mrs . Hiscott and her sister Mrs. \Valton, whe~e we had arranged to take our meals and where a sitting-room was placed at our disposal. A quarter of a mile away , down in the valley and astride the willow-fringed Evenlode , lay Ashford Mill Farm, the abode of Farmer Pope, whose hired labourers we were to remain throughout August, and on the rising ground beyond could be descried the grey village of Stonesfield. The early morning view across the fields down to the farm, when the Cotswold stone of the buildings was lit by the risi ng sun and the smoke from the chimneys 'mingled with the river mist, never failed to startle the sleep from our eyes as we crept reluctantly from our tents at the bidding of the alarum-clock. There we lived for exactly one month, being joined after a fortnight by Peter Smith, who took the place of Christopher Starey. Each morning, Sundays e xcepted, we were awakened at 6.30 and, fortified with biscuits, plodded our way to the fields to begin work at 7.0, and with short intervals for breakfast and dinner we carried on until 5 p.m. At first we fondly im agined that harvesting would be our main occupation, diversified perhaps by brief spells of duller but less strenuous work, but the picture of the harvest proved a mirage. Every day we scrutinised the sky and snuffed the wind, clutching eage~ly at the least suggestion of harvest weather, and the changes of the moon attained enormous importance in our eyes . Our hopes rose to a great pitch of optimism as St. Swithun 's Forty Days ran to their close, for we were assu red on every hand that the

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glorious weather was only awaiting courteously the expiry of his curse. B_ut still the top-heavy cloud-s scurried ominously overhead, the wind persisted obstinately in the south-west, and violent storms burst periodically, deluging the countryside. Douglas was our Cassandra from the start, gloomily predicting that we should never see the harvest, even a lleging that a sinister plot was on foot to enveigle us by that magic ~ord into doing Farmer Pope's routine work for him, At first we scoffed, but events. justified his prophecies, and indeed the stooks remained in the fields right on until midSeptem ber, long after we had gone. The actual tasks to which Farmer Pope set us were less glamorous, more monotonous. First and foremost came hoeing, which was our staple diet, of daily obligation. An immense field was assigned us, most of it sovrn with turnips, but a stretch with turnips and kale mixed, and on this we energetically set to work, driving long wedges into the suffocating _tangles of thistles, docks, plantains and, above all, convolvulus. Progress was erratic, for sometimes Douglas Lees and Haro:d \tVheeler would ratt:e on ahead doing a 'blitz,' and sometimes John Camkin would stray on to the wrong row, bringing down upon h imself a torrent of derisive abuse, while G. D. Ramsay set an examp'.e of patient, persevering and painstaking work. From time to time the vast onion bed down at the farm claimed attention, and p a irs were detai:ed off to mop up the choking weeds. This was a k'.nd of Dachau which none could endure for long, for it meant squatting on one's haunches and hacking a way with a rusty knife through a jungle of prickly weeds, and one suspects that more onions perished _ than were saved. Perhaps the most popular job was collecting freshly mown grass for filling a silage pit, for it had much of the excitement and v a riety of harvesting as well as providing opportunities for surreptitiously driving the tractor. Later we were put on to digging -a silo, a back-breaking occupation and, because of the rockiness of the ground, a slow one. Once or twice volunteers worked overtime, wielding pitchforks and treading silage gra~s until darkness fell. Privileged experts like Doug-hs Lees were occasionally invited to superintend the m]king of the Guernsey cows, and one day several of us assisted at the brea king--in of some horses and escorted one of them to Church H andborough for its first shoeing-. All these oi:erations were carried on under the dist~nt surveillance of Farmer Pope, who drove abo ut the estate in .a small horsedrawn cart. vVhen we arrived he was on holiday, and a larming rumours floated to our ears about his angry moods and h is readiness to dismiss his employees, and for some little time we apprehensively

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debated how long we should escape the sack. ' Actually a kindly power seems to have watched ov~r us, for when we met hi~ we soon established the friendliest of relations. Moody and excitable he certainly was, but he kept us all amused by his stories and sallies, which 'were rarely repeatable, and by his vigorous retailing of his Powys-like philosophy of life. A favourite question of his was whether we did not prefer real work to school, and he could not understand how any adult, heq,lthy man could waste time on books. A real shock was administered to him when Douglas Lees grew a somewhat straggling beard - ' vVhy should the . laddie sr;oil his chances? ' was his comment; but the discovery that the VicePrincipal was still a bachelor shocked him even more grievously, and he resolutely set himself the task of finding a suitable bride . John Camkin b ecame a particular friend of his, both sharing the same partiality for spinning coins for gain, and deadly battles of chance were frequently waged for the hat of the one and the corduroy trousers of the other. The focal centre of the camp was the cottage of Mrs. Hiscott and Mrs. Walton . H ere we gathered, four tim es daily, for meals at which gigantic quantities of bread and gallons of tea and cocoa were consumed. H ere we sat around the table on wet days, reading, smoking, writing letters, playing cards, and speculating whether Farmer Pope would knock the day off our wages - ' No work, no pay,' was his motto . Here we made a dash for the post, although it was only Christopher Starey whose correspondents never failed to send their pile. Here we carried on those endless, passionate; inconclusive arguments on politics, the PubEc Schools, the equality of the sexes and kindred burning topics, and eagerly passed round the latest gossip about Farmer Pope, the occupants of the neighbouring big houses, and the local worthies . From here we set forth one Friday, clad in our workaday boots and clothes, to that fantastic sherry-party to which the squire had invited us, and here we received our guests, including one Saturday the Principal and both Dr. and Mrs. Hunt. Here, above all, we alternately bowed our heads beneath the tense, emotional storms of our temperamental chatelaines, a nd enveigled ourselves cunningly into their warm-hearted confidence. An ample canvas would be necessary if one sought to chronicle all the features and events of our camp-life which crowd the memory. There were, for example, frequent visits to the hostelries of Ramsden and . Finstock, where, despite the beer shortage, we invariably found good cheer a nd earned no small prestige for our performance at darts and bar-billiards; and on Sundays there were long bicyclerides to Stow-on-the-,i\/old and beyond. There was the unceasing

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war waged against armies of earwigs, which infiltrated so per. sistentJy into every crevice of the tents that at about r r p.m. the sleepy darkness was regularly rent by the shout, ' Damn it, there's an earwig in my sleeping-bag! ' On one famous occasion a learned member of the party, as he stood h a lf-dressed at his wash-bowl a nd stabbed vigorously at his mouth with a tooth-brush, scanned the north-western sky and declared dogmatically that the jagged mass on the horizon must be either the Malv.ern Hills or the Welsh Mountains-only to be disillusioned when the wind dispersed what was in reality a bank of cloud . Not until the last night was it ascertained, by the chance discovery of strings leading to the beds of JohnCarnkin and Donald Everton, why G. D. Ramsay's lilo always collapsed shor tly after he had laid himself to rest upon it. One could talk at length a bout Doug las's carefully guarded joke, eventually wrung from him by wheedlings, bribes and threats, and abou t the keen arguments whether the clock should be' kept at the right time or ten min.utes ahead. Episodes such as these, impossible to record in full, formed the t exture of our lives during those weeks and seemed of enormous significance to us at the time. When we finally struck camp and packed up our gear Âˇo n the last day of August, it was regretfully and with the consciousness of a wrench that we returned to the ordinary round of normal life. None of us could escape the feeling that we had spent a month, usefully no doubt from the national point of view, in a world remote from reality and altogether colourful and romantic. J.N.D.K.

SOCIETIES 1941 THE DEBATING SOCIETY HILARY TERM, 1941

President -J. D . DUNCAN. Vice -President and Secretary - H. E . PEARSON. Q uiescent for over a year, the Debating Society was revived Âˇ this term, and albeit i't of policy held but four meetings, it may be claimed that the slur of lac k of interest which had brought about its temporary decease was expunged by the attention that was paid t o it now . At one meeting at least, over forty members of the H all attended, and thir_d and second-year men put their shoulders to the wheel of its res urrection, and were in this ably supported and far outnumbered by the great body of freshmen who had never known it anything but dead. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that of those who a~tended there were very few who did not at least once i

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contribute a speech; and if the presidential power of compulsion had sometimes to be used a t the opening of debates, the consequent and subsequent orations proved that this need sprang far mo re from mem bers' mod esty than from any lack of a varied se;ection of talents and styles. The term's deba ting opened with the motion' That the presence of women in this University is to be deprecated ,' proposed and seconded by G. M. Williams an d ·E. L. Moor respectively, and opposed successfully (it was rejected by a majority of eight) by J. R. C. Webb and A. Green. Those present were indeed enlightened by the proposer's cry for a 'Lebensraum' to be found in the evacu ation of all univers:ty women., by h is seconder 's erudite allusions, by A. Gree n's qautical a lleg·ories; and, without being invidious, above a:I they were enlivened by J. R. C. vVebb's floods of pleasing sarcasm which illness and other causes unfortunately prevented them fro m ever hearing again. The next two m eetings were held jointly with the St. Hilda's College Debating- Society, the first when we very much enjoyed entertaining them, the second when we en joyed equally being entertained by 't hem. At the former the possibly not inapposite motion 'That the bond of matrimony need not be tied with Cupid's bvw,' fluently and rather seriously proposed b y Mi ss M. Turner and B. B. Russe:J, and wittily opposed by P. B. Rackham and Miss E. Sadka, was rejected by twenty-five votes to twelve, with eight abstentions. At the latter, the opposition, formally headed by M. S. Porcher (who showed an encyclopaedic knowledge and later dealt with quest ioners) and Miss M. Edwards , was again victorious, gaining the rejection of the motion, by a majority of four, 'That Oxfo rd was the last place made on earth and badly made at that,' whic~ was proposed by Miss V. Hughes a nd seconded, not without vigour, by R. M . Date. Lastly, the Society b ecame deadly serious and descended to politics on the motion ' That this House consi ders Sociali sm to contain the only true solution of present-day problems.' E. Rees proposed the motion with a we·a lth of detail, and amongst sustained argument and several good speeches the obvious sincerity and confident eloquence of J. F. W earin g stood out, while the speech del'vered by one of the stars in Oxford's p olitical firm ament, J. D. M. Bell, was as ab:e and forceful as the Society expected. A considerable time was spent in discussing the degree of equality of opportunity provided by our present educational system, and a lthough members were exhorted not to bind their hopes of the

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future to the standard of any one political creed, the motion was eventually carried b y a single vote . The .election of officers for the Michaelmas Term was postponed until then, in view of the uncertainties of residence. J.D.D. MrCHAE.LMAS TERM.

President - H . E. PEARSON. Vice-President and Secretary - A . P. SMITH. At the first meeting of term, held on October 28th, the Society debated ' the decline in the national' birth-rate.' Stirr ing pleas for a New and Better Britain were made by J. F . Wearing and J. L. Meigh in deploring the decline. The earnesfoess of A. Green's opposition and the cynicism behind J. Bull's lengthy peroration were of no ;wail, and the motion was carried, after considerable discussion from the floor of the House . On November rrth the Society debated the motion 'That this House believes that Marks and Spencer did more for civilisation than Marx and Spenser . ' This motion proved rather )ess fruitful than the previous one and there was a regrettably small attendance. \V. J. Camkin and J. K. Clark proposed the motion on materialistic grounds, but the liveliness of P. M. Kirk and the common sense of D. J. Herbert eventually succeeded, and the motion was lost by a narrow marg in. For the final meeting of term the Soc'ety turned to fresh fields, with a somewhat risky innovation. Ten wel:-known personalities were adrift on a raft in mid"ocean ; at the end of the debate, a seaplane was to arrive to-take off the two most useful to the world . It was eventually decided that Mr. Walt Disney (represented by J. Hanson) and Rudolf H ess (represented by J. Bull) should return to civilisation. There was considerable discussion and the Society ended the t erm in a somewhat lighter vein than usual.

H.E.P. THE ESSAY SOCIETY HILARY TER,M, 1941

President - B. B. R USSELL. At the first meeting of term the Society was transported into an academic and intellectual atmosphere , such as only one other of the term's essays was to prov6ke . G. R. Coulthard read his essay 'A D efence of Poesy', which proved to be a n exhaustive account of the nature and functions of poetry. The Society was soon to quit this cultured height, however, for the mo re practical, yet apÂˇpar-

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ently more stimulating, sphere of politics. A lively and interesting _discussion followed the reading of H. L. da Costa's essay on D ictators, entitled ' Debellare Superbos.' This was the first occasion on which psychological hedonism featured in a discussion : it was to be touched upon often in succeeding meetings. Even more heated was the controversy provoked by the next essay, read by N . Gulley, which in spite of its title, 'The V!ay of All Flesh,' proved to be a very competent examination of the vitalistic .philosophies of creative evolution. Once more psychological hedonists fory:bly attacked the essayist, who app~ared to believe in the existence of absolute values. K. Hardacre, in his essay 'Like a Tedious Argument,' traced the rise and progress of pornogra phy in English literature from the Canterbury Tales to Ulysses . This naturally produced a lively controversy, and the Society antitipated the following week's essay by discussing .the subject of sex education . The n eed for such education was the main thesis of an essay entitled 'Unwillingly to School' by P. B. Rackham . The discussion at this meeting was long and learned, and it was interesting to note that certain members pinned more faith in the psychology of McDougall than that of Freud and were by no means unanimous in regarding cof!ducation as the promised gift from heaven . \/Vhat can we say of the next essay, ' Apostle and Martyr ' by J. D. D,uncan, without being impolite? This extremely 路 oratorical and . ~ell-written exposition of an extraordinary negative a ttitude towards life was greeted with a barrage of protest from almost all members. At the last meeting of term the President read his essay ' D e Monarchia,' a review of our constitutional monarchy and an examinatio11 of various opinions about it. The discussion revealed ,;.n attitude of sentimental reverence towards the monarchy on the part of the m ajority of members, but did at least keep clear of the muc)dy waters of philosophy, into which the Society had plunged t im路e and again during the term's meet~ngs. B.B.R. TRINITY TERM

President - K. HARDACRE. In spite of the looming horror of Finals during Trinity Term , most ess路ayists managed to avoid the ten dency路 to serve up ' tutorial ' e ssays ; though the attractions of summer term caused a regrettable drop in the number of members in attendance at most meetings of the Society, and often these reduced numbers suffered further lamenta ble diminution after the reading of the essay, so that the discussion WflS left to a particular band of stalwart members. 1

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On the evening of Sunday_, May 4 , G. D . West read hi s essay, 'L'art robuste '-a m an ifesto in support of twelve lasting p9etsand later withstood a challenge to his p remises and his period . Modern poetry soon thrust up its hydra head for a time, but the discussion soon left the arid fields of the modems , found its way thro ugh the dingy alleys of the working m an' s culture, and finally petered out in the sticky pool of poetic sensibility. On May II, J. C. R. Webb decided there was much private business that ~eeded att ention, but after several of his proposals had been vented, the usual vote of censure on the ob.s tructionist was passed. G. M. Williams, in 'Lux gentium, lex,' put forward an apologia for the lawyer's profession, enlivened by several anecdotes of a far from fusty character, and by a statement of the view that there was no ultimate conflict between the legal and the ethical code of life. To the accompaniment of the National Anthems of the Allies from a vociferous louds.peaker below, a g uest from ' the S .C.R . 'c hallenged this view , and one member made his celebrated pronouncement declaringÂˇ the law ' the stooge of civilisation .' The private-business-urge of the Society was fully aroused on May I8. A suggestion that, in view of the inordinate length of th e minutes, every tenth line should be deleted did not meet with approval. Votes of censure flew in all directions , and the President na rrowly missed one of them. It was then propo sed that , in the . public interest and for the benefit of members themselves, gas. m asks should be worn for fi ve minutes at each meeting. J. D. Duncan objected strong ly , whereupon it was further proposed and carried - that, on pain of a fin e , he should immediately obtain a gas-mask a nd wear . it for the specified time . The Society then had the a musement of seeing that honourable member 's physiognomy incarcerated inside his respirator : the r esult was a cons iderable' dislocation of the proceedings . At 8.50 p.m. , in the regrettable absence of J. L. Meigh, h is essay was read for him b y the President. 'White tie and tails' was a sustained piece of irony in defence of convention, and provoked an inten :s ting discussion in spite of the a bsence of a defini te champion for the views exp res sed in the essay. ' Stage and screen art' was the s ub ject of a thoughtful paper fro m J. H. Bridger on May 2 5. Starting fr om Aristotle on the one han9 a nd modern semi-literacy on the other, he came to compare Âˇ and contrast the technique of the play, the film, and the novel, and to consider the social implications of the rise of the film industry. On J une I, A. Green read an essay,' Paying the piper,' on war finance. He stated the problem and reviewed the proposed solu-

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tions, believing that the best of them was the Kalecki plan. This, which was new to most members, aroused interest and opposition in a leng thy and learned discussion. Literature and t otalitarianism ; the belief that, though the poet might lose his independence-which did not apparently matter-a fixed Lebensanschauung was necessary if he were to express himself to the best of his ability ; and the conviction that literature and the ar ts in general flourished best under despotic or totalitarian regimes: these formed the subject of R. B. Fletcher's essay, 'Ku:tur,' read on June 8. This view was fiercely met. The question of the relation between poetry and philosophy was raised; and the meeting was enlivened by the member who said_, ' Take '' Hamlet,'' ' and proceeded to q.uote ' To-morrow and to-morrow and to-morrow. ' On June 15, in his Presidential essay, ' Hail, horrours, hail,' K. Hardacre gave a survey of some of the provinces of the Black Arts. Primitive magic, folk magic, the psychology of magic, witchcraft, the a 1iti-witchcraft writers of the sixteenth century, King J ames I, and the North Berwick witches were considered with much illustrative material; and in the following hour witchcraft ' was treated historically and theologically by the few members who were Âˇpresent. At this meeting A. W. Barnes was elected President of the Society for Michaelmas T erm. K.H. MICHAELMAS TERM

President-A. W. BARNES. The term has seen the breaking of two of the Society's timehonoured traditions : coffee has been drunk instead of wine, and newly-elected members have been calle(l upon to read essays . But the first has brought about no diminution of attendance, and the second 'nothing to wail' in the quality of the essays produced. The bete noire of the first half of the term was surrealism : J. P. Jan son-Smith opened the programme with a long and copiously illustrated history of the movement entitled ' The White Horseman'; while F. D. Rushworth's 'The Black Pagoda,' a masterly survey of the contemporary quest for Freedom, dealt a passing blow at surrealism as anarchical and utterly alien to the communism with which it professed an alliance. G. R. Coulthard's title of ' Surrealism: an Interpretation ' was a boldly prosaic departure from the intriguing and ingenious vagueness so dear to the Society; but his intergretation was far from prosaic, and presented the movement as a valuable experiment providing new

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possibilities of expression and deeper levels of comprehension. The Society, however, though doubt'.ess ed ified, and certainly amused by the essayist's numerous illustrations, remained unconvinced. The next three essays, nobly contributed by members in their first ter m of membership, turned to ' fresh woods and pastures new.' J. Bull's' Vengeance is Mi ne ' was a powerful indictment of the existing system of civil punishment, and a plea for its reform, tentatively on the principles outfined by Mr. G. B. Shaw; J. ÂˇF. Wearing' s ' Kinder, Kirche und Kuche ' turned out to be a n imp a ssioned and highly stylistic paper in support of D. H. Lawrence's theories of the vast potentialities of full sex relationship; a nd J. K . Clark, in his e~say ' De Virg inibus Puerisque,' expounded the advantages of co-education and pleaded for its extension-suggestions which a largely unco-educated Society seemed faintly to resent . The President concluded a programme which, if its subjects were somewhat limited, w a s certainly various in its methods of approach and sty~es of treatm ent. His essay, 'Saddle the Hippogriffs, ' was a discourse on the nature and possible origins of the mediaeval convention of courtly love, and had, to the disappointm ent of the Society, only the remotest connexion with hippogriffs, saddled or otherwise. Âˇ A.W.B. JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY HILARY TERM,

1941

President - J. CUNNINGHAM-CRAIG. Secretary- H. L . H. WHEELER. The Society started this term with the inevitable Shaw. It is strange how a play-reading society depends so much on the works of this one playwright. Howeve r, we ha d not read 'Arms a nd the Man ' for some considerable time , and the delightful story of the chocolate soldier proved 'v ery entertaining. The next read ing was of' Trelawny of the vVells ,' a play which probably acts b etter th ~n it reads and is therefore not highly s uitable for a play-reading society. Ibsen's 'Ghosts,' h owever , proved a more suitable work and for med a most interesting r eading, the strong theme of the play holding the Society throughout. For our mixed meeting this term we were very pleased to welcom e St. Hug h's Play-Rea ding Society , although unfortunately only three of their members could b e present. However , this trio are to be congratulated on their hig h standard of reading , althoug h the play, 'A Month in the Country' by Turgeniev, was possibly not a very suitable choice. '.Idiots D elight' was topica l, thoug h

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it would have been b etter with sound effects.- It provided, too; the startling phenomenon of ·the Secretary impersonating a complete hotel staff at the same time, for the cast was large and our numbers small. Our last meeting was- rather a n innovatio n for the S~ciety, as we invited some m embers of the Playhouse Company to come and read Clemence Dane's play, 'Granite. ' vVe were very interested in all they had to say after the reading, and this definitely formed a good conclusion to a successful t erm 's activities. In honour of our guests, too, the Society advanced from the usual coffee to mulled claret, which helped to, contribute to the success of the even ing. H.L.H.W. , TRINITY TERM

President- H . L. H.

WHEELER .

Secretary~G.

WEST.

This term has b een a poor one for ·the Society in that only two meetings have been held, but a good one from the' point of view that the standard of reading on each occasion was very high_. The ab undant attractions 9f the summer term co~1pled with the Secretary's untimely illness have r estricted our activities.. For ou.r first meeting we rea d the evergreen ' Importance of Being Earnest.' Oscar -VV:ilde' s brilliant comedy always makes good reading, a nd on this occasion the witty lines were fully exploited. Our other meeting sh~uld have been on the river, but the weather decided against this and drove us indoors. For this meeting we entertained the Oxford Home Students' Play-reading Society. The play, 'George and Marga ret' by Gerald · Savory, formed a very suitable trifle for s uch a meeting, and at times a certain degree of hil arity was noticed'. The reading both by our guests and, if we may say so_, by the Society as well, did full justice to the a musing dialogue of this comedy. Unfortunately it was impossible to hold more than these two meetings , but it is hoped that next term the Society will flourish once again. H.L.H.W. MICHAELMAS TERM

President-G. D.

WEST.

Secretary-D. H.

KAVANAGH.

The Society lost several of its members at the end of the previous term, and, despite the la rge influx of freshmen, the numbers r emained woefully small. Thi s difficulty, however, did not become acute, as the m a jority of the meetings were held in conjunction with women'.s colleges.

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' The Great Adventure' by Arnold Bennett proved a successful start to the term's activities. L.M.H . Dramatic Society were our guests at the second meeting, when ' Lady Windermere's Fan ' was read , and the readers did full justice to Oscar Wilde"s sparkling epigrams. Later in the term we were invited to L.M.H. to read 'Quiet Wedding.' St. ,. Hilary's Dramatic Society were ol1r hostesses at Musgrave House. where ' Murder on the Second Fioor' gave little scope to any of the characters. The term's activities ended on a very hilarious no te when St. Hilary's Dramatic Society joined us in reading Ben Travers's farce' Rookery Nook.' While we must regard the sm~llness of our numbers with grave apprehension, we may still look back upon a successful term' s activities. D.H.K. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY HILARY T ERM, 1941

Pre sident-R. T. HoLTBY:

Secreta-ry-E. L. MooR.

The usual Michaelmas Term concert was this academical year postponed until the Hilary Term, when it took place in the Dining Hall on Saturday, February 15th. The concert was well attended b y members of the Hall and their guests. The programme was as foJows : Piano Trio in G ma jor Mozart P. GrnBs, St. Peter's Hall (violin), J. N. M~cKLE:M ('cello), E . L. MooR (piano). Schumann ' Fruhlingsfahrt' ' Mit Myrten und Rosen ' Schumann C. B. FARMELO (acc . Mr . G. D. RAMSAY). T~o Chorales : Bach, arr. Cohen ' Sanctify us by Thy goodness' Bach, an. Hess 'Jesu , joy of man's -desiring' D. 0. BUTLIN. Praelud ium und Allegro - Kreisler P. GrnBs, St. Peter's Hall (acc . E. L. Moo R). Trumpet Tune Purcell, Trumpet Vo;untary arr. D . 0. Butlin ' J. K. CLARK (acc. D. 0. BuTLIN). Scriabin Nocturne for left hand alone Prelude in A major, Op. 28, No. 7 Chopin Âˇ- Chopin Study in F major, Op. 10, No. 8 E. L. MooR. 'My dear mistress had a heart' - Spofforth ' Come, let us join the Roundelay ' Beale THE MADRIGAL Socrn.TY.

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' When as the rye ' Warlock ' I have twelve oxen ' Warlock G. W. HENSHAW (acc. Mr . G. D. RAMSAY) . Selection from ' Facade ' Walton (i) Waltz (ii) jodelling song (iii) Tango (iv) Polka Reciter: B . B. RussELL. Piano duet : Mr. G. D. RAMSAY, E . L. MooR. TRINITY TERM The Society was unfortunately compelled, through climatic conditions, to hold its Eights Week Concert in the Dining Hall. The concert, which was well supported_, was given on Monday, May 26, and the programme consisted of the following items :Allegro from Piano Trio in B fiat Mozart P . GIBBS, St. Peter's Hall (violin), J. N . MICKLEM ('cello), E . L. MOOR (piano). Vaughan Williams ' The roadside fire ' Quilter 'Blow, blow, thou winter wind' G. W . HENSHAW (acc. Mr. G. D. RAMSAY). Bax Sonata No . 4 in G major E. L. MOOR. Purcell ' I attempt from love's sickness' Vaughan Williams ' An acre of land ' THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY. Violin Concerto in E minoi- Mendelssohn P . GIBBS, St. P eter's H a ll (acc . E. L. MooR). Â·Fantasia on ' D er Freischutz' Weber J. K. CLARK (trumpet), D. 0. BUTLIN (piano). Bair stow ' The oak tree bough ' an. Balfour Gardiner ' Sir Eglamore ' THE MADRIGAL S OCIETY . The Society would like to express its gratitude to Peter Gibbs of St. Peter's Hall, who has given two outstanding performances,

and to Mr. G. D. Ramsay , whose work and assistance have been invaluable . J. K. Clark has been elected Secretary of the Society. MICHAELMAS TERM

President-R . T . HoLTBY.

S ecretary-]. K. CLARK .

Owing to so many members of the Society going down at the end of the Trinity Term, the Committee decided that the concert normally held in November should take place during Hilary Term . R.T.H.

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GRAMOPHONE SOCIETY MICHAELMAS TERM, 1941

Secretary-G. W.

HENSHAW.

The Gramophone Society is much indebted to the Principal for Âˇ the interest he shows in its activities. vVe owe our thanks also to Mr. G. D. Ramsay and P. J. N. Cox, who placed their collections at our disposal. Though modern compositions occasiona;ly figured in our programmes, the taste of the Society remained conservative. This term we have heard works by Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Schubert, Mozart, Tchaikovsky, Brahms and many others. G.W.H. MAKERS SOCIETY HILARY TERM, 1941

President-'-- J. R. C.

WEBB .

In company with several other societies, the Makers was revived at the beginning of this term, and two meetings were held which were addressed by outside speakers. It was decided to postpone the usual Magazine meeting until next term in order that members might the more effectively summon their muses. At the first meeting Patrick Abercrombie, Professor of Town P lanning in the University of London, spoke on ' The Location of Industry.' The members welcomed the President at this reinaugurat ion of the Society. Professor Abercrombie ranged over most of the problems that faced the town planner. One of the most basic problems was that of the relation of the position of the dwellings of the workers to their work places. Then there was also the q uestion of whether industry should be scattered .or concentrated . He thought that it was little benefit to towns to become the centre of large-scale industry, and that it was bad that good agricultural land should, as at Slough, be given over to industrial developm ent. In the discussion that followed members pursued the question whether planning should be carried out from the point of view of the workers, and the meeting concluded with a brief discussion of the gains and losses of Oxford in becoming an industrial city. At the, second meeting of the term Adam Fox, Professor of Poetry, delighted the Society with his mellow wit when he discoursed on 'A poetry professor's post-bag.' He dealt with the various kinds of poetry that he had submitted to him by all sorts of people. He dealt with all in a scintillating and penetrating manner. An all too brief discussion followed--a memorable meeting. J.R.C.W.

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President - K. HARDACRE . Military service of younger members, A.R.P. duties of older ones, war-time travel difficulties, reluctance of members to co.ope rate in a literary evening inter se - all these have been difficulties for a recently resuscitated literary society still far from robust health, and account for the fact that the Makers have only 路held one meeting this term . This 路 took place ori May 12, whe~ a small gathering heard an informal ta.lk by Mr. S . P . B. Mais on 'Writing for the Radio. ' 0111.e of the very earliest. and most frequent of broadcasters, our guest was able to treat his subject from a n inside point of view an d liberally to sprinkle it with illuminating personal anecdotes. His points were m any and striking, and came forth in an unceasing flow of irrepressible enthusiasm that is impossible to be transferred to the sta!d pa ragraphs of a society report . He told us of his ~wn way when broadcasting of visualising' a single, blind, female listener of subnormal intelligence in the Outer H ebrides who in variably - so his mail would suggest路-~ held ex treme anabaptist views about everything. Talks, feature programmes, dialect, remuneration, actual scripts- all cam e under Mr. Mais's comprehensive and penetrating review. Upon radio drama h e spoke at length. Here was a field for university men, and an open field, for, contrary to popular belief, the B ..B. C . badly needed material. Mr. Mais was afterwards challenged on a few points, and in the discussion that followed man y interesting details of Eng lish and American broadcasting were revealed. K .H. MICHAELMAS TERM

President -

HARDACRE..

In order to give Freshmen an opportuni ty under present conditions of enjoying the benefits of the Makers Society, it was decided this term that the路 system of very exclusive election of members should be dropped ; and with considerable enthusiasm from members old and new, and with the encouragement and more of the Principal, the Society has now regained something of its pre-war vigour, so that it has been possible to hold three meetings this term. The first of these was a Magazine Evening, when a small group of members met to read some of their own literary efforts, whicl1 turned out to be all in verse . F. D. Rushworth broke the ice of artistic modesty with a g roup of satirical poems, the social implications of which gave rise to a discussion as to the distinction between

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a decayed and a decadent society , The President followed with two slight pieces of a surrealist tinge_, which seemed to require a considerable amount of explanation. G. R. Coulthard read some .romantic poems in his own inimitable way; A. C. Garrett brought along an unfinished piece which he proceeded cleverly to parody; and finally J. P . Janson-Smith read poems in varied styles and an epigram in the manner of Ezra Pound. On November 13 t he Society's guest was Mr. E. M. 'F o rster, who read a p a per on ' Virginia Woolf.' Her character, her literary m ethod and its dangers, and her mischievous humour (' There were times when Virginia Woolf could scarcely see t h e busts for the m o ustaches she pencilled upon them ') w ere co路n sidered in turn ; and Mr. Forster examined he r work chronologically' in considerable detail-her fiction, her criticism, and her bio~ raphies. Her powers of characterisation could be deprecated on the score that though she can certainly give us 'life at the moment,' she seldom gives us ' life eternal.' But what she loses is the result of her refusal to let 路 go of poetry- a refusa l which the speaker thought w as just ified. Many members took p art in the subsequent discussion. Mr. Charles Williams hono ured the Society on November 27 with a n informal chat on Dante and the Divine Comedy. The number of m embers in attendance on this occasion was lamentably sma ll. Mr. Williams first considered Dante's work generall'y, as bein g , more than that of any other poet, an 路integral whole - an autobiography of the imagination far g reater and deeper than Wordsworth's ' E'relude.' After a g路lance a t the ' Vita N uov a,' Mr. Williams tackled the ' Div ine Comedy' as Dante's vision of the Rom a ntic Way, the poem of Beatrice rat h er than of Dante, an d of his fidelity to the revelation and communication of Beatrice. The spea k er dealt, in conclusion, with the value of Dante's vision in the study of other poets. The Society was apparently overwhe:med by Mr. Williams' personality, for it left the discussion entirely in the hands of the President. With the impe,t us gained throughout this t erm, the Makers Society should now be a ble to go swinging on its way despite the present state of affairs which recently n early terminated its existK.H. ence. T HE LID DON SOCIETY HILARY TERM, 19 41

C hairman - D. R. JONES . At the first meeting of the Society A. J. Lee read a paper on 'The Church and the World . ' He began by appealing to the

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tension which is to be found throug hout the New Testament and which is the very dynamic of vita! Christian living . H e clai med that it was therefore disastro us to adapt Christi a nity to the world after the m anner of the liberals in the last century, just as it w as contrary to th e genius of Christianity to try to k eep it from the world in inviolate isolation. The reader's positive alternative was based on the twofold commandment of love. The loYe of God involves love of the neighbour in his physical as well as spiritual needs , and in its personal application mean-; faithfulness in service as we;J as fai th in Christ. The Vicar of St. Ma ry's spoke at the second meeting and gave what h e described as ' a sort of Bergsonian counterblast to Marx.' His main thesis was that the world is the creation of God through the S p:rit and life never cea ses t o come into it . What he called the frontier between a dvancing life an d the world is to be found in h istory, i. e. the actual is always the reaction between the spirit and its environment. H e g ave amusing and varied illustratioi;is of thi s theme . The one corporate comm union of the Society was celebrated on the feast of St. Matthias. D .R.J . TRINITY TERM

Chairman -D. R. } ONES. It was a departure fro m precedent to have two outside speakers d uring the Trinity Term, but the innovation most certainly justified itself. At the first meeting we were fortunate enoug h to secure Dr. Nathaniel Micklem, Principal of Mansfield , to read a paper on 'The I dea of a Christian University,.' H e began his disquisition by investigati ng the h istory of the ' idea ' in the thinking life of Church. lTntil the R eform ation, Christianity and culture were allied. But now theology is in retreat. Either the Church, like the Roman Church, makes a total claim, to some extent hindering the advance of science; or else a sharp distinction is made between the Church and the world, as by the Puritans, and the Church acquiesces in a secula r domination. Dr. Micklem declared that the ind ependence of the sciences is the cause of our present troubles. What is to be done ? A Christian University must witness once more to the principl e that Truth is one; and Theology must be recal:ed to its position as regina scientiarum. At the second m eeting the R ev . I. T . R amsey, with the avowed intent ion of teasing our minds into action, read a paper entitled 'Sound Learning and True Religion: Need we have both?' It was a happy coincidence that the subject follo wed very closely on what

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Dr. Micklem had said at the previous meeting. First Mr. Ramsey deplored the separation which now exists between theology and the religious life, contrasting with it the ideal of an integrated life embracing both. He said t):lat a great change has occurred within the last century and has been caused by the critical study of the Bible and by the failure of nerve which frustrated nea rly every attempt to achieve a true synthesis. The problem is related to that of the function of theological colleges. Should they or should they not be in university towns? Finally, Mr. Ramsey, always practical, suggested two ways of tackling the present situation We "hould be aware of the new knowledge and able and eager to give it out. We should also cultivate wide interests to bridge the gulf between the mind and the soul, and show forth these sympathies both in the sermon and in the Sunday school. It is the quality of sweet reason ableness, Mr. Ramsey concluded, wh ich is the mark of the right synthesis of sound learning and true religion. D.R.J. MICHAELMAS TERM

Chairman-B. N. Y. VAUGHAN. This term we have had only one meeting of the Society, but one which was extremely successful. For this meeting on 26 November we were the g uests of the Vice-Principal, w ho entertained us with the same kind courtesy he has always shown us. The speaker was the Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology, Dr. L eonard Hodgson, whose talk on ' The preaching of the Christian Doctrine' was reinforced not only by the ·authority of h is position as the Pastoral Theologian of the University, but also by the interest and erudition that he broug ht to the subj ect. These facts, together with the knowledge that Dr. Hodgson h ad been a Vice-Principal of the Hall, conspired to make the evening a very enjoyable one . The Principal, the speaker's old colleague, and the Vice-Principal added to the subsequent discussion by their characteristically trenchant remarks on questions which a pperta ined to. the subject. B.N.Y.V. THE METHUEN SOCIETY HI LARY TERM, 1941

President-R. B. FLETCHER. As a result of the calling up of many third-year men, the Methuen Society did not function at all during the Michaelmas Term. However, i:t got going again this term and met with a very enthusiastic reception, particularly among the Freshmen, who

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fully realise the necessity of the existence of such a Society now that war conditions preclude all possibility of going abroad. There have been five m eetings, most of which "attracted an attendance of at least ten members. We started with a reading of the play . ' Tovaritsch .' by Valet , and followed with two talks in German, the one by Mr. Stahl on ' The future of the German R ace,' and t he other by Dr. Adrienne Bodry, a Czech lady, who spoke -on the cultural relations of the German and Czech nations. We ended the term with two French talks, the first being an inspiring and interesting address by Frank Jones, an ex-undergraduate from the Sorbonne, who compared French university life with that of Oxford , and the second a lively and stimulating talk by Dr. Hanson, Preside nt of the University French Club, on 'Symbolist poetry in France.' One pleasing feature about the Society is that, to the best of my knowledg·e, it is unique in the University, since our college is about the only one where there is a large concentration of Modern Language students. In view of this, and also considering the undoubted fact of the Club;s success, it has been decided, with the approval of t he Prii;icipal, to allow members from other colleges to join, but it has been deemed advisable to recruit only one-fifth of · the Society from outside. R.B.F. TRINITY TERM

Pres£dent-E.

RE.E S.

This term the Methuen Society has hardly been the success that it promised to be after its revival last term. Owing to the fact that it was summer, and that the majority of the members were taking examinations of various kinds, it was practically impossib;e for us to hold any meetings. Indeed_, only one took place, and even that was very poorly attended. It was a German meeting, addressed by Mr. Neumann, a S udeten refugee, who gave a very clever analysis of the world situation in a paper entitled ' Civil and Foreign W a r.' The meeting was extremely interesting, and many questions were asked of the speaker, who showed himself willing to defend his point of view from attacks on all sides. E.R. MICHAELMAS TERM

President - J. K. CLARK. Neither the President nor the Secretary were with us at the beginning of Michaelmas Term, so it was no,t easy to organise regular activities again. We have not had very large member-

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ship and have only held three meetings, mainly because of the pressure of S.T.C. duties. At the first meeting the Rev. E. N. C. S ergeant gave an interesting talk on 'Russia, Past and Present,' which helped considerably to give us a better understanding of that 'inscrutable ' country a nd its present-clay role in world events. T. M. Schuller addressed the s_e cond meeting in German, and his talk, based on his vari ed experience of university life abroa_d, provoked a fruitful discussion on the virtues and vices of the higher educational system in Britain. At the last meeting we read Giraudoux's 'Siegfried,' and despite its qualities as a satire on nationalism, we found it by no means as suitable for reading as 'Tovaritsch,' which the Society had read in Feb_ruary. J.K.C. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST CLUB GROUP HILARY TERM, 1941

Secretary-R. B.

FLETCHER.

In spite of the increased number of University meetings, there have been three Hall Group meetings, all of which were held jointly with one or other of the women's colleges. The first meeting, held with the Oxford Society of Home Students and addressed by Mr. A. L. Rowse, Fellow of Al!_Souls, proved extremely lively and instructive. The second meeting was~ addressed by Mr . Hudson on the subject of ' Russia.' This was also well attended and visitors from St. Hugh's were invited. At the third meeting a paper on 'France' was read by Mr. David Ginsburg. Both the paper and the discussion V:,hich followed were of a high order. These joint meetings have all been enjoyable and useful. R.B .F . TRINITY TE.RM

Secretary- L.

SHEPHERD.

Two' College Group meeting s have been held in Hall this term, lt1 conjunction with members of Lady Margaret Hall and Westfield respecti vely . At the first meeting Peter Harvey of St. John's spoke on 'The Economic Background of America.' The speaker at the second meeting vvas Mi-chael Ashcroft of Magdalen, whose subject was ' The Economic Reorganisation of Europe after the war.'~ Despite the fine weather and ma ny counter-attractions, both meetings were well attended and interesting discussions followed the main speeches.

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CLUBS, 1941 THE BOAT CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

Captain - M. H. TUPPER . Secr etary -F. J. MEE. This term marked the beginning of the end of rowing on the Isis for the time being. A programme of Inter-College races for Clinker IV's drew three entries-one from the Hall and Queen's. Of the other two, one failed to appear on the day of the races, a nd the other crew, from Christ Church and B.N.C. , were left as our only opponents in the ' final,' which was a time race from Long Bridges to the Green Barge. Drawing the back station, we were right up on them by the Pink Post, and padd led home very ' light' as easy winners. Our opponents were not a strong crew , but that is not to deny that our crew had plenty of determ ination and not a little skill for these days. The crew was : Bow. D. Gall (Queen's) 2. B. B. Russell 3. P . J. C . Smith St-r. A . C . Goode Cox. W. F: Raymond (Queen 's). Three eights were also arranged, drawn from several Colleges. In one of these Mee, Whitehead and Hinds occupied the positions of stroke, '3,' and cox respectively . M.H.T. TRINITY TERM

Captain - M . H.

TUPPER.

S ecretary -]. A. G.

WHITEHEAD .

Eights ' Week this year was even more ' ersatz ' than last, since only 13 crews were entered. The standard o n the whole.was poor. Th~ Hall Eight was certainly not so s trong as last year's, but. we compa red favourably with other crews , aml. had it been poss:ble to procure the services of a coach, an d to have avoi ded a temporary illness to ' 5, ' we should have done more than ma intain our position of fourth . As it was , all coaching had to be done from the boat, with the result th at individual fa ults could r eceive little attention after th e initial stages of tubbing were passed; while during the most importan t stages of t raining we lost the services of the mainstay of the crew for a week, and well earn ed the comment of the Oxford Magazine that we must ' learn t o row horizontaliy .' In the races we were never in any danger from the Ori el and Hertford crew , who rowed beh ind us on each day and were always outside their d istance at the finish. Trinity and Balliol were bumped

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twice, and thus we had the opportunity of bumping what had been the Head of the River crew . On the Friday a good spurt up the Green Bank put us on terms, but we were unable to make up the last three feet, and on the last day's racing no amount of effort on the part of the crew or support from the towpath could bring us as close again . We were clearly worthy of our position on the river, but it was a pity that a bump so nearly achieved should have eluded us. The Second Eight~one of three entered-also rowed over each. day in the Second Division, where they started fifth out of seven boats. This was a creditable performance in view of the crew's almost entire lack of experience in eight-oared rowing. In accordance with the war-time arrangement we combined with Queen's, who supplied us with two of each crew. And we were fortunate to obtain the services of eight of the R.A.F. Cadets who had come up this term, six of whom were members of the Hall. Their enthusi asm was exceptional, if not their oarsmanship, and the comparative success of the Boat Cl ub was due in no small measure to their efforts. P . J.C. Smith was elected Secretary for the Michaelmas Term. Crews : FIRST VIII. SECOND VIII. Bow. ]. A. G. Whitehead Bow. G. E . C. Archer 2. 2. F. G. Edgecombe G. J . McFadyean 3· P. J.C . Smith 3· J.M. Hodge , 4· S. R. Cooke 4· B. B. Russell 5. M. C. Thompson (Queen's) 5· J.C. Fenton (Queen's) 6. A. G. Goode 6. J. P. Newton 7 . R. S. Page (Queen's) 7. D.R. Brinsley (Queen's) Str. lVI. H. Tupper Str. J. L. Meigh Cox. H. W. Hinds. Cox. J. F . Wearing. M.H.T. MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain-]. A. G .

WHITEHEAD .

Secretary·-P. J.C.

SMITH.

The beginning of Michaelmas Term found the 'Boat Club at low-water mark . It had lost the admirable direction of its previous Captain, and also the services of Trinity's Terms R.A.F. Cadets, who had been the mainstay of the First and Second VIII's. Nevertheless, prospects proved brighter than might have been expected. About fifteen freshmen joined the Club at the beginning of term, and Queen's possessed the P;esident of the 0 . U .B.C., whose services in coaching these freshmen has no doubt partly been responsi.ble for the fine show they displayed in winning the Ii:_iter-College Freshmen's IV's (Fixed-seats Division).

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N'one of the freshmen came up with any real previous rowing experience, and the earlier part of term was occupied in coaching them, first in fixed tubs , then in tub pairs and then in tub fours. Owing to the shortness of the time they were very soon put into light boats, and ' A, ' ' B ' and ' C ' crews gradually came together in practice for the races. On the first day of the races 'A' crew easily beat the New College and Magdalen crew. ' B ' crew beat the Exeter, Lincoln and St. Peter's Hall four after a thrilling race in which, owing to some misunderstanding a bout the start_, they were down all the way up to the 0. U .B.C. 'C' crew put up a noble effort, . but were unlucky in their race against the W adham and Keble boat, but were revenged on the second day of ·the races when Wadham and K eble were easily beateri by 'A' crew. This brought 'A' crew to the final. . 'B' crew after a good race beat the Balliol and T rinity four, thus also gett ing into the final. So 'A' and 'B' crews were left to row against each other, and after an excellent race 'A' crew won by a quarter of a length , thus ending a glorious afternoon. This v ictory by freshmen who had never done any serious rowing before they came up a ug urs well. .The crews were : 'A' CREW. 1~ Bow. P. M. H . Davis (Queen's) 2. J. S. Spence 3· P. J. Johnson (Queen's) . Str. D. B. Spalding (Queen's) Cox. R. McAdams. ·

B ow. L. 2. E. 3· D. Str. D. Cox . P.

'B' CREW. F. H . Warwick 2. W. N. H. Fry 3· C. L. N ation-Tel!ery Str . P. J. Toogood Cox. P. R. H . Sykes. BOW'.

'C' CREW. N. Pike C. B. Corlette (Queen's) H. Duruty B. Shehurst (Queen's) A. Bennett. J.A.G.W.

THE CRICKET C LUB Captain - H. L. H. WHEELER. Secretary-R. M. DATE. Taking everything into account, this has been a most enjoyable and successful season. We s~arted with over twenty fixtures, but bad weather in the early pa rt of the term a nd the failure of other colleges to produce sides res ulted in match after m a tch being scratched. In the end we played 13 , six of which were won, four d rawn and three lost. However , .had we been able to turn out anything like a regular full side, there can be no doubt that our results

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would have been even b~tter than this, and · we would have been one of the strongest college sides. As it was, work, Schools and other pursui ts took a continual toll of our players. In view of these facts, our results are very creditable. Once again we combined with Queen's., but for most of the matches the Hall provided the majority of the players, and on one occasion in partic.ular Queen's could only muster one man. Of Aularians, H. E. Pearson, R. M. Date and D. W. Everton formed a strong ·nucleus, but it was a pity that D. D. Lees could not be persuaded to play more often, as his fielding in itself was a great asset to the side and must have saved us countless runs. We also missed H. L. da Costa's fast bowling, genial personality, and his sun-hat, but, despite numerous attempts, he could only be drawn out of his self-imposed retirement for one game. As with last year's side, we were strongest in batting, and here H. E. Pearson was the mainstay. Going in first, he scored with consistent prolificacy throughout the season, and the many freescoring innin gs he played were often responsible for g iving the side such a good start. H.is 94 against St. Edward's School and his 92 not out against Eastbourne College in particula r were outstanding performances. He also had to bear the brunt of the bowling. He is to be congratulated on his election to the Authentics. D. W. Everton also played some useful innings of a fast-scoring nature, and R. M. Date, though not usually scoring very many runs, could be relied upon to stay in for some time and help- us over awkward moments. His slow right-hand bowling did not always meet with the.. success it deserved. Generally speaking our bowling was not outstanding, and the frequent absence of A. K. Markland of Queen's left us without any bowler of pace at all. We had quite a lot of people who could bowl, but our attack was not really sufficiently forceful. However , our bowling was backed up by some very keen fielding, and this combination was usually successful in dismissing our opponents. The high standard of fielding has been one of the most pleasing features of the side this year. Naturally it had its weak moments, but for the most part it has been very sound and at times almost brillia nt. This was notably so in the match against Balliol, when no less than five men were caught and three run out. Hall · cricket colours were awarded to: D. D . Lees, H. E. Pearson', R. M. Date and D. W. Everton. The following also played for the Hall: W. J. Camkin, C. P . Smith , G. L. Henson , A. Westaway, D . H. Burt, D. L. G. Jenkins ,

70 .

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G. Mounsey , J . F. W . Sims, 0 . R . With~rs, J.E . Timms, M.A . W etz, C . M . Lavender. D . D. Lees was elected Captain for next season. H.L.H.W. THE RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

Captain-R. H .

COULSTON.

Secretary-C. M.

LAVENDER.

Throughout both ÂĽichaelmas and Hilary Terms we combined more or less equally, and with no little spirit of fraternity, with Queen's. \Ve were unfortunate to lose one member of the Club at the end of Michaelmas Term, but Queen's proved their worth by providing t wo very promising freshmen. The ma in interest this term was to have been Cup~ties, but, having beaten Oriel and H ertford most handsomely in the first round, we succ umbed to Exeter and Lincoln. This game was played with remarkable skill and vigour on Queen's ground; d uring the .first half play was very even, the score at half-time being . 9 points to 8 in favour of the visitors. During the second half our forwards more than held their own , but unfortunately our opponents' . three-quarter line, which included two University players, soon asserted their superiority. Consequently, despite very rousing play by our forwards a nd brilliant dashes by our stand-off half, there was not much doubt about the final issue of the game. Once again we have been very successful in League matches, having won four and lost one, again to Exeter and Lincoln. We are extremely proud of this term's performan ce, which has been c~1rried out despite the claims of S.T.C . and the germ-laden air of a n Oxford Hilary Term. It is s ignifica nt tha t many other colleges have failed to produce a Rugby fifteen on all occasions_. Colours this term have been awarded to R. P . Harding and ] . E. G. Howarth. H . E. P earson played for the Greyhounds. R.H.C. MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain-H. E.

PEARSON .

Secretary-G. W.

HENSHAW .

With five of 'last season ' s Colours still up and an exceptionally large number of freshmen keen to play, prospects were bright for t he term'. We have combined again with Queen's.> and this has resulted in some excellent supÂˇport in players and also in the use of their ground .

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In League matches tli'e Hall m aintained its positi on in the First Division. First Oriel and Hertford, and then Worcester and St. John's, were beaten by a considerable margin; but the match against Exeter and Lincoln was lost by 14 points to 10, possibly owing to the absence of several regular members of the team. Trinity and the combined B.N.C. and Christ Church XV both gav~ us a walk-over, as they were unable to raise a team. Eight friendly games were also played, in which we tried to give games as often as possible to the many keen freshmen. Of these games, four were won and fo_ur lost. The general stand ard of play was high, the pack combining useful weig ht with speedy play in the loose and giving excellent support to the backs in defence. They in turn made the most of their chances, whilst Âˇproving themselves thoroughly sound in defence. It should also be mentioned tha t throughout the term five players from the Hall and Queen's have been playing regularly for the Varsity XV, and two for the Greyhounds. At the end of term colours were awarded to R . A. Huskisson, B. N. Y. Va ugharn, M. Moore and P. N. F. Nixon. H.E.P. THE ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

Captain-A. GREEN. S ecretary - H. L. DACOSTA. This term we played friendly m atches , all of which we won, and we took part in the Cup-ties. After an easy victory over University and Merton in the first round, we were extremely unfortunate to lo se against Balliol and Tr inity by three goals to two . We reached Âˇ the summit of our form and kept our opponents penned in their own half of the field for more than three-quarters of the game, but despite prolonged and vociferous encouragement from the touchline, our forwa rds just could not put the ball into th e net. Had we won this m atch we should probably have gon e on to win the Cup. At a Colours' meeting the following elections for next year were made: H. L. da Costa to be Captain, C. Mounsey to be Secretary . A.G. MICHAELMAS TE.RM

A. GREEN. Secretary- J. BuLL. The standard of last year has been mainainted ; this, too, without the assistance of the Rugby F oo tball Clubs and despite the absence of many of last year's t eam . "\iVe won our division of the League quite comfortably. Jesus were the only College side to get the better of us, and their victory of 1 - 0 was only brought about by a systematic coaxing of their University players to turn out Captain~

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against the Hall. Of the fr iendlies, we lost two, both to R.A.F., Upper Heyford, w.h ose professional methods were too much for our own ' rough and tumble.' Queen's have, as usual, been of little assistance. We owe most . to the R.A.F. and Signaller Cadets, who provide.cl three to four members of our side, one of them, M. Moore_, being particularly valuable. Finally, we should like to congratulate C . J. Weir on playing so successfully for the University; and D. H. Kavanagh , M. Moore and C.]. \Meir on being a warded Hall colours. A.G. THE HOCKEY CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941 Captain-D. D. LEES. Secretary- D. H. A. WILSON. Hockey under good weather conditions is always enjoyable, and winning acfds to the enjoyment. We have had our fill of pleasure this term, with all our matches played, and 38 goals scored for us to I I against. Nor has the season been without its thrills : the Cup-tie against Corpus Âˇand Pembroke and its replay were both fast and keen; and then the extraordinary rain-washed draw in the s emi~final against Exeter and Lincoln, with its even more extraordinary sequel, in which we were beaten l-3 after a gory opponent had been carried off the field when the score was l - O in our favour. These were remarkable games, remarkable not only in themselves, but for the spirit of friendliness and co-operation which has characterised the teams this year, and which has, perhaps more than anything else, gone to make the hockey season so successful. The following played regularly for the Hall: M. G. D. Davys, D. D. Lees, D. H. A. Wilson, M. S. Porcher, G. L. Henson, D. W. Everton. Colours were awarded to G. L. Henson. D.D.L. MICHAELMAS TERM

Âˇ captain-D. D. LEES., In what has proved to be a most successful term, the Hall has remained unbeaten in College games. Eight matches were won easily with an aggregate of 48 goals, only nine goals being scored a gainst us. We won the first three rounds of Cup-ties and met Exeter and Lincoln in the final. This was a most exciting game, and after losii1g our centre-forward in t he first ten minutes .w e shared the honours, each side scoring two goals. The following represented the H a ll in matches: A. T. G. Pocock, D. D. Lees, M. A. Hooker, G. L. Nation-Tellery, W ._ J. Camkin, J. Hanson. Colours have been awarded to A. T. G. Pocock. D.D.L.

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THE ATHLETIC CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

President-C.

J. H. STAREY.

Secretary-G .

HARPER KING.

There were no Inter-College Athletics activities this term, but C. P. Smith is to be congratulated on gaining a Representative Colour Âˇfor Cross-country against Cambridge. In the 0. U .A.C. Sports, A. P. Smith secured third place in the Half-Mile, and G. Harper King th ird place in the 220 Yards and Quarter-Mile. G.H.K. TRINITY TERM

President- C. J. H. STAREY. Secretary-G. HARPER KING. There were no official Hall athletics this term, but R. R. Howgill is to be warmly congratulated . on being awarded his Centipede colours. He represented the University on two occasions, including the match against the A.A.A., in the High Jump and the Hurdles. C. P. Smith also represented the University in two matches, running in the Three Miles in the one and the One Mile in the other. G. Harper King has been elected President, and C . P. Smith Secretary, for next year. G. H.K. MrcH!\ELMAS TERM

President- G.

HARPER KING.

Secretary-A. P .

SMITH .

The on ly track activity this term has been a combined Seniors' and Freshmen's Sports, in which three members of the Hall took part. C. J. H. Starey, our last year's President, was placed second in the Long Jump; while of the freshmen, I. D. Wallace ran iti the Three Miles, and G. J. Tonks is to be congratulated on winning second place in the Javelin. G.H.K . THE LAWN TENNIS CLUB

Captain -G .

H. THOMPSON.

Secretary - G.

HARPER KING.

At .the b_eginning of term it looked as if we would have an excellent tennis season, despite the handicap of extremely bad courts on the Queen's g round . We started well with a victory over Queen's, and had we been able to put out a full team we would almost certainly have defeated Hertford. But in the end it turned out that these were th_e only two straight matches we were to have, all the rest having to be scratched owing either Âˇto the weather or the prior claims of Cup-ties.

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As a joint team with Queen's we .played thi:ee matches, without success, though the match against Pembroke and Corpus was memorable in that it was lost only 7-9 in the deciding set of the crucial game. In Cup-ties, first the weather, and then the inability of our opponents-B.N.C.-to produce a team, prevented us from playing even one round, which was singularly unfortunate, for the Hall team might have gone far. Among our players, J. N. Mick;lem was outstanding . .He and G. Harper King formed a reliable first pair who were only once defeated. Unfortunately our Captain, G. H. Thompson,' was prevented from playing more than a few times owing to pressure of work, .and D. D. Lees had to combat the rival claims of cricket. The other most frequent representatives were D. H. A. Wilson, C. D. Dent and J. H. Bridger; but with such unfavourable weather, and so many other claims on our time, it was impossible to form a regular or adequately practised team. Colours were awarded to J. N. Micklem. G. Harper King was elected Captain, and J. N. Micklem Secretary, for next year. G.H.K. THE SWIMMING CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

Captain-R. P.

HARDING.

It is much to be regretted that there have been no University Trials or Inter-Collegiate competitions this term to provide a necessary stimulus for hard, consistent practice in swimming and diving on the part of aquatically inclined members of the Hall'. A talented few have continued training, but if real inspiration from the top is not soon forthcoming the war may see the temporary suspension of swimming in Oxford. R.P.H. TRINITY TERM

Cap-tain-P. C. SwANN. Swimming activity in the 0.U.S.C. has been meagre this year, but it was hastily decided to hold Relay and Polo Cup-ties in the last fortnight of term. The lack of time gave the competition a scrappy nature. The Hall teams, which would have been quite ..;trong, were weakened by the demands of examinations and military training. Our Relay side at full strength easily beat Corpus, but a weakl"!ned side was narrowly defeated by Trinity. A weakened Polo side was defeated by Balliol l~.

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An extra word of appreciation is due to the R.A.F. Cadet members of the Hall, without whose willing support it would have been impossible to have made up teams. F. H em ms received his colours. P. C. Swann was elected to the Dolphins. P.C .S. TH E SQUASH RACKETS CLUB HILARY TERM, 1941

Secretary-A. H. C.

MEYRICK.

The prospects of the Hall Squash Rackets Club at the b eginning of the t erm we re not too bright_, but since then there has bten some cause for encouragement. There have been quite a num ber of enthusiastic players, as is shown by the fact that there are a t present twenty-one on the Squas h Ladder, which was reintroduced at the beginning of this term to encourage the more timid players . There was at one time a d ifficulty in procuring courts on which to pl ay, but Queen's h ave ve ry ki ndly lent us thei rs for h ome mat('hes and for frie ndly g ames on week-day mornings . There have been several fi xt ures this term, and we h ave rather unexpectedly wo n most of them, among those we have beaten being J esus, H ertfo rd, St. John ' s, St . Hilda's and the University women's team . We also reversed last term 's decision against Wycliffe Hall by b eating them 3-2. The fact that there have been no outstanding players in the Hall has been balanced by the large nucleus of comparatively good players, and thus the all-importan t 3-rd, 4th and 5th strings have nearly always been victorious. H . E . Pearson has been very s uccessful at 2nd string and is a very hard-hitter. H . L . H . Wheeler and J. B. Burtt h ave both played well at 3rcl and 4th strings, having won nearly all their matches. W e were v.ery grateful for the successful as sista nce of Mr. R amsay in the matches against St. John's and J esus Colleges. Among oth ers who have played are G. H arper King, M. S . Porcher a nd J . L. Meigh. Colours have been awarded to H . E . Pea r son and J. L. Meigh. A.H .C.M. MICHAELMAS TERM . Captain~

MEIGH

Despite the loss of all last year 's Colours , this term, from the !'n atch point of view at least, has been very successful. Of eight matches played on ly two were lost, those again st St. J ohn' s and Jesus. K eenness an d h ard-hitting have been more prominent in

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matches than style and cunning. This is no doubt due to the fact that the majority of the team are Association or Rugby players. Nevertheless results were achieved. Colours have been awarded to G. A. K. Missen, J. A. Parsons and W. J. Camkin. 路 G. 路A. K. Missen and J. A . Parsons have been elected Captain and Secretary respectively for Hilary Term, 1942. J .L.M.

ETHIOPIA, 1941

VEN now I do not know exactly where the boundary runs between Italian Somaliland and Abyssinia, but it is of no great importam,:e. The countries were administered as two provinces of the East African Empire, and we passed from the one to the other without being aware of it. I cert<_J.inl y expected some monument similar to that which marks the Equator on the Kismayu-Mogadishu road- a pillar surmounted by a rather imposing Roman eagle. If there was any such monument we missed it, and our crossing came to us as a 'fait accompli.' We ;rrived at Giggiga . and realised that we were in the promised land. The journey up to this point had been lengthy though not very arduous. Our starting-point had been Brava, one of the small coastal Somaliland towns. The Brigade had been resting there after the forcing of the Juba River. As usual, rumours had been numerous, largely to the effect that we were returning to the Union; but I do not think anybody was very surprised when we were told to 路 pack up and get ready for Abyssinia. Most of us were rather keen to see what the country looked like. It took us nine days to reach Giggiga, including a two-day halt at Bulo Berti, and the scenery changed -very little the whole way. The last two hundred miles were an improvement on the dry coastal plain, but even so they were uninteresting enough, and our speed had to be reduced owing to the deterioration of the road. The surprising thing is that the Italians ever bothered to colonise the country a t all. Apart from a prosperous looking district along the banks of the Juba the country is flat, hot and very dry. Camels and goats seem the only animals able to stand up to the conditions. Wells are compa ratively few and far between. With the country- 路 side, such as it was, before us , the real purpose of the Strada lmper iale, with its macadam surface and its ornate milestones, was obvious. Five years previously Graziani's army had swept along this road to the invasion of Abyssinia: it served us for .the / same purpose.

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Before I attempt to give a few impressions of the campaign and the country through which we advanced after crossing the border, [must detail roughly the route which we followed. Westward from Giggiga the main road to Addis Abeba passes through Harar, Diredaua, Miesso and then across the Auase River to the capital. Just west of Harar a secondary road branches off to the south, passes through the villages of Carsa, Derder and Asba Littorio and joins up with the main road again at Miesso. Our battalion took this secondary road. We reached Addis Abeba in eight and a half days. From there we took the main road to Eritrea through Debra Behrau and Debra Sina to Dessie and then on to Amba Alagi, where this account can be brought to an end. We left Addis Abeba on Easter Day; and the Duke of Aosta finally surrendered at Amba Alagi on May 18th.- Two weeks, however, of this period were spent at Dessie after the action at Combolcia. In spite of scattered resistance along the road, which was fairly easily brushed aside, we only met the Italians in force on two occasions -firstly at Combolcia, about fifteen miles in front of Dessie, where we fought for nine days, and then at Amba Alagi, where they were already engaged on one side by British and Indian troops. On each occasion the Italians had chosen immensely strong positions and had dug themsefves in well. Nor, despite what may be said to the contrary, were they short of supplies of any description or of transport. We captured immense quantities of arms, ammunition, food and petrol, the enemy supplies of the last-named being largely responsible for the speed of our advance. Although it must have broken their hearts, they blew up many bridges and sections of road in mountain passes, thus creating formidable road-blocks. However, they seldom covered these blocks with effective fire, and the Engineers became very expert at putting things right. The most efficient branch of their army proved to be the attilJery, which was unpleasantly accurate. At Combolcia they brought up naval gunnei:s from Assab, who seemed to have ranged on every bush for a radius of several miles. Fortunately their infantry was not up to the same standard. Their colonials were poor and deserted without much encouragement, while the white troops were not much use at close quarters. Even so, it must be admitted that at Amb;;i. Alagi they stood up to an appalling pounding for some days before they finally surrendered. Here also we completed their encirclement and, coming in their rear, captur_e d their main dressing station. As a result they were unable to evacuate their considerable number of wounded. We hardly saw their Air Force except for a good many 'planes burnt out on the aerodrome at Combolcia. So much for the

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actual fighting, which was not really the most interesting side of the campaign. The countryside was a revelation to me after the hot, dusty plains we had travelled through from Brava .. From Harar onwards the road lay through the most magnificent mountain scenery withi tree-covered slopes and immensely deep valleys filled with greeh fields and villages. The nights became very cold and we frequently wore greatcoats, but the rainy season had not yet started and the country was at its best . After the Auase River, the crossing of which, if the Italians had held it, would probably have l?een a ve;y expensive operation, the mountains gave way to an open rolling tableland which was extremely beautiful. This continued as far as Addis Abeba and beyond along the Dessie road as far as Debra Behrau. Shortly after this last place we wound our way down the Mussolini Pass to warmer reg-ions and continued to D essie_along a tremendous valley bounded on the left by a vast escarpment. At times the beauty of this mountain range made it seem almost unreal. In the evening especially the peaks would sta nd out harsh and jagged against the fierce colours of the sunset. It was reality which su'.passed any artist's imagination. Dessie itself is up in the mountains. On leaving it for Amba Alagi we followed roughly the edge of the escarpment, which is marked by the villages of Quoram and Mai Cen. Amba Alagi is set in the middle of a tangle of peaks rising to a height of about eleven thousand feet. It is a natural rock fortress. From this brief description it can be seen that the Italians had been faced with a hard task in their road construction. The res ult was a triumph for them. Their main roads had a fine macadam surface, and obviously no expense had been Âˇ spared in making bridg-es and embankments. The stonework of both looked as though monumental masons had been employed, and their work should stand literally for centuries . Many instances could be cited of the excellence of their engineering, but the Mussolini Pass stands out above all others. Coming from Debra Behran, the road sudderily plunges through a five hundred yard tunnel under the hillside and emerges seemingly above the world on the other side. The view is indescribable. To the left and right the escarpment stretches to the horizon, its sides often dropping sheer to the valley two or three thousand feet below. Beneath the ledge, on which stands a 'm emorial to the men killed while working on the pass, Debra Sina looks like a toy village with the road winding through it. Beyond, the hills, lakes and valleys can be seen I know not how far. But it is when you look back at the pass from Debra Sina that the full wonder

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7\:l

becomes apparent. The road winds down the mountainside like a gigantic snake. At times huge embankments hold it to the precipice; elsewhere it passes through little tunnels.' Its gigantic construction fits in perfectly with the vast nature of the m ountain ; an d, although the Italians had used the white face of the embankment for political advertisemen t, the three tremendous letters DUX. which can be seen for miles acr9ss the valley, do not seem out of place. Just inside the first great tunnel there is a small plaque of the Virgin and Child, and on the very summit of the mountain stands a gigantic cross. During the time the Italians were in the country they also made considerable strides in developing the towns. We passed a mile or so to one side of Harar and so had no chance of seeing it, but we Âˇ spent a few days in b oth Addis Abeba an d Dessie. Neither, of course , can compare with Asmara, which is an extremely modern town, but both contained a number of Italian civilians, and the shops and bars were of a high standard. Primitive huts still stand side by side with modern houses, and each town carries a large native population. The Italians gave their town-living natives considerable freedom, a policy of very doubtful wisdom, for the native changes his ways slowly and usually for theÂˇ worse. Addis Abeba is rin ged round by forts which even while we were there were still manned by Italians. The precaution was a necessary one, for the Abyssinian without the walls still regarded an Italian as better dead than alive. In some of the larger villages there were also a few modern houses, usua lly built for government officials. In a ddition there was often a barracks and almost always a building which housed the headquarters of the local Fascist group. Beyond .these scattered centres the native was almost outside the pale of the colonial administration. \ Vhite civilisation influenced him little when his village lay some distance from -the road. The Italians were connected with little more than the towns and the army: the roads lay like chains across the country joining up the white centres. The Abyssinians themselves were an interesting study and varied considerably. In some the ' wild black man ' element was very much in evidence, but others showed sign s of education, and several, thanks to missionaries, could speak a little F rench or Italian . They were all friendly, but a few in the eastern district round Giggiga seemed doubtful whether the return of their country to the Emperor would improve their lot very much. There the tribes have always shown rather an independent attitude under their local chiefs. All, _however, were prepared to help us against the Italians, though the

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minds of a high percentage of them never rose above the quantity of loot they were .likely to collect. vVhen they fought, as many of . them did, they shov.red a courage which was remarkab.le and probably attributable to a certain extent to military ignorance. Many .of ·their arms were ancient and of doubtful quality: Their practice of fiFing 'into the blue,' even if it did little damage , served its pur" · pose all the same. The Italians were terrified of falling into tlieir hands,. and rightly so. This made the task of escorting prisoners an easy one. When Abyssinians were about, the Italians could.not be too near their escortff, and on one occasion when I took eight · hundred of them from Dessie to Addis Abeba they expressed grave concern when the con.voy stopped in Debra Behran, which they said had always been a hot-bed of the anti-Italian element. The cruelty of the Abyssinian has probably been exaggerated, but some of them are quite capable of any atrocity. A guard on one prison camp told me that he had been offered · ten Maria Theresa dollars for one Italian. The offer was refused, but speculation -was rife as to wl!at wo uld have been the Italian's fate had the transaction been cari:ied out. N evertheless, despite his defects, the Abyssinian patriot soldier or ' Shifta,' as he was called , gave us much assistance. He was a colourful figure, and his enthusiasm was unbounded. As one of our sergeants wrote after we had left the country, 'the -S hifta is the happiest soldier in the world. He has no worries, no uniform, no . next of kin, no superior officer and no rations.' In addition, his tactics followed no known principles. Rifle and machine-gun fire were as a rule ignored. When mortar s or a rtillery were encountered, the Shifta paused momentarily and then continued to advance. All things considered, patriot casualties were very few. We also had dealings with the non-belligerent inhabitants of the country. As with so many native races , the women do most of the work and even accompany their husbands on their military expeditions. It was the women, therefore, who bargained with us in the matter of chickens and eggs. They obviously knew the elementary rules of supply and demand , and forced the price up quite sl,lccessfully. Payment in sugar pleased them most, and after we _had captured a big sugar store at Combolcia we fared better. Everybody wanted a rifle, although m any were totally ignorant of its mechanism . One bearded would-be warrior, to whom my company commander presented a rifle which had l;>een taken from an Italian infantryman, remained stolidly on guard outside Company Headquarters all night. As .a reward, in the morning, we showed him how the breech mechanism worked, ·and he disappeared thoroughly

!\PART\' O F ITAL IAN P ll l SO NE llS 1\T TllE FOOT O F THE M U SSOLJN I PASS.

'S HIFT t\.'

T 11E Tt i Ni'\El.

:\T TllE Toi•

0 1: T i ii·:

W .j.H.L.

t\1ussou N1

J> ,\ s~ .

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pleased. The rifle would enhance his importance in his home village: in the bliss of ignorance he has probably shot himself by now. Usually a good turn to an Abyssinian will be repaid with interest. One elderly man who~ we picked up near Harar came with us as far as Deder. While we were travelling, he spent the whole \ ' day issuing what I imagine .vvas a highly unre.liable news-bulletin to anybody who happened to be on the road. Frequent references to Haile Selassie and the obvious jubilation of his hearers gave us an idea of what he was saying. ·when we reached Deder he turned out to pea man of some standing, and in the course of our two days there he presented me with two chickens, some lemons and a quantity of eggs - no mean gift. , On the whole, it must be confessed, the Abyssinians in the villages are backward. Hygiene is non-existent and education practically unheard of. Oxen anp the wooden plough have not given · place to more modern methods of agriculture. Living quarters are seldom more elaborate than those of any other native race. With such a population it seems doubtful whether the country is capable of successful self-·government. The Emperor's task during the next few year? will be a very difficult one. This very brief and inadequate account must serve for the present to convey a few impressions of an interesting campaign. Doubtless, in the future , the full story of the advance will be written, but from a military point of view. Personally, I shall remember more vividly the long journeys by troop-carrier through the most perfect mountain scene ry and the open-air life which we led. Almost every night saw us camped in some new spot, where we cooked our evening meal and slept soundly under the open, sky. There were hardships at times, but there was compensation in the glories of our surroundings. Even in action ·one could not ignore the countryside. I shall always b e able to see the lines of Shifta moving slowly up the _valleys towards the great peaks round Amba Alagi and hear their strange shouts as they called to each other from ridge to ridge and laughed at the rattle of Italian m achine-guns. They seemed to typify tradition, contemptuous of the inventions of the modern world. The surrender of the Duke of Aosta left open for us t.he road to the north, and we passed down to the dry and dusty country round Asmara. The great mountains and. the green valleys had been left behind; Haile Selassie was back in his capital and the last Italian strongholds were being systematically reduced. The great road which had carried the Italian advance from Eritrea five year·s before led us down towards the Red Sea .. W. '1- H. LIVERSIDGE.

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THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH HAfH PREVAILED ORMING part of Addis Ababa's quaint mixture of old and new, of hovel and palace, of Afri'c an and European, there stands on one of the city's heights the Old Palace, now mainly used for ceremonial purposes, as a New Palace replaces it as the Sovereign's home. A long drive leads up to the front of the palace which stands on the left. This part of the palace consists of two exterior flights of stone stairs leading one from each side to a great wide balcony ab.o ve. The balcony leads back, through a large doorway, into the old throne-roo'm. It was on this balcony, commanding a beautiful and extensive view of the surrounding country, that we stood - a group of British, Colonial, and South African officers-on 5 May, 1941, five years to the day after the Italian forces had entered the city. Both sides of the drive below were lined by smartly-clad African so;diers from a British territory in Africa . Below them , the steep hili-side, as it sloped away, was covered by a sea of Ethiopian faces eager to behold again the physical presencEl of the little man who had been present in many an Amhara's heart throughout his absence from the country. The sun was shining; and the w:hole population Syemed to be there that day. The General Officer Commanding the East Africa Force, .Lieut.General Sir Alan Cunningham, had himself arrived and was standing at the_top of the carpeted steps. As the moments slipped by, we chatted and speculated, perhaps in very much the same way as the crowd below were doing. We had been waiting for perhaps an hour when suddenly there was a hush and the crowd stood motionless. We could see nothing, but we waited in silent expectation. The African soldiers lining the drive presented arms and sounded the General Salute. Tense moments passed as we waited for our first glimpse of Ethiopia's sovereign. Then, as he mounted to the balcony, the little man's head appeared above the balustradeback at his palace after five long years. Reaching the top of the steps, he stood upright, very short, thin, wistful; he looked into the General's face, and shoo!<: his hand. He then turned, and his thoughtful eyes gazed down on his people below, meeting and greeting the many eyes which gazed b ack at his. In those few moments, it seemed as though the history of the past five years was folded up and filed away. He remained motionless, whilst

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plan es swooped overhead and the guns roared their twenty-onefold salute across the city roofs below. Then he turned again and in 1:1nhurried dignity approached the back of the balco ny, wher e he raised again the Ethiop ian Standard which had la in hidden and humbled since 1936. As he .glanced up, as if to satisfy himself that it would never again descend from its regained dominion, a barely perceptible look of pleasure crept into his bearded features. He moved back across the balcony towards the velvet-covered rostrum,. with its array of microphone s w hich seemed like intruders on this. m ediaeval scene. Before mounting the rostrum, a nd hidden by it from the crowd, he paused and bowed his head. Instinctively and silently we bowed w ith him in this histo ric moment. This: strange solemn figure then went on to the rostrum and, paper in hand, addressed his people in h.is and their own language. After five years' ex ile spent mainly in England he had reÂˇ entered his country before the end of 1940, and ha d led the Ethiopian revolt which played a vital part in . the collapse of Fascist Italy's merciless dominion. But, while the main advance - the. Greater African Revolt - was being made from the southern end of Somaliland, h e had remained cut off from nearly the whole country. This was therefore the first opportunity he had h a d of reac hing his capital a nd addres sing his p eople. The swiftest advance in history had g iven him b ack the greater part of his country. To people w ho had only just emerged from the Fascist rule and who co uld , scarcely a ppreciate thei r new est ate, he now spoke, tracing the history of the cruel years of a trocities throug hout the period of the occupation . W ithout anger or revenge in l1is voice he recited the abominable record of the godless conquerors. He tha nked God for their d efeat, prom ised his enemies a safe passage from the country, and committed the tasks of the futur e to the hands of God. We could not understand Âˇthese words in a strange tong ue ; but, as we stood behind him, we could muse on the deeper significa nce of thi s g reat occasion. Outwardly, it was this . A little man had been brought back to his people by our military successes. There was a great deal of ceremony. There were fl ags flyin g and bands playing, and m en, women and children shouting and excited. There were crowds ev erywhe re and a holiday for everybody . So much the eye saw . It was not difficult to reali se how mu ch m ore the occasion really meant. A great page in t he history of Africa was written that day . .Independence was re stored to one of her territories largely by the efforts of dark-skinned sons of Africa drawn

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from ·a ll parts. The shock of Italy's attack on Ethiopia had vibrated throughout. the continent- its echo had penetrated the thickest jungle. To-day's events were calculated to reach as far. A thorn . ih the side of Africa had· been removed.· Five years before, . by mustard-gas and brute force, a European race ·had outraged the world; and the flight of the little man was ~ tragic defeat in the conflict between Black and White. The Italians at once introduced a policy which aimed at the utter subju gation of the Ethiopian race : men of considerable experience have concluded that the Jackal's eventual ambition was the extermination of the Ethiopian peoples. Italians were poured into the country by the hundreds of thousands - to colonise, not to protect. Countless massacres were the natural outcome of the law of Force. The Graziani massacres will live in histo'ry: alongside the worst examples of human brutality. The streets of Addis Ababa flowed with the blood of children, picked up by the heels and smashed by the head on the pavement, and with the blood of men and women done to death by mean.s too horrible to relate. It was a cruel and heartless race we had expelled; but now it was as though those five years had been undone. The thorn was removed. Its poison had left a scar that . will bE; long in healing, but the danger is past. The old administration, symbolised in the person of the one who stood before us then, had been, in a moment, reinstated : no doubt a backward administration, obstinately jealous of its own methods and of its own power, in some ways reminiscent of English feudalism of ~even centuries a g o; but at the same time a progressive administration, gradually becoming, in spite of itself, more and more enlightened. The · reforms on which this little man had launched more than five years ago would be continued. Ethiopia was again independent, but now, by our presence, more united than Menelik's participation in the 'Scramble for Africa' could ever have mad~ it. .For the patient, there is real hope for the future of Ethiopia. Whilst the Abyssinian has a mentality different from anything in the experience of the British administrator, and whilst he will therefore seem, for a time, the most difficult of men with whom to .deal, he is nevertheless capable of instruction. Our advice, when we learn the right way and the right measure in which to ghre it, will be accepted; and Ethiopia will emerge from this great upheaval as a great nation. The problem is increased by tribal differences, by the Amhara domination, by the obstinacy of the corrupt Coptic church and by other and dependent factors. The path is fraught with difficulties. This is what makes it all the more worth

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trying. Above all, the country is theirs, not ours. We must learn the art of successful advising. ' Our musings were abruptly cut short by the end of the speech and the hilarious acclamations of the multitude below. As they were dying down, the wistful l_ittle man, followed by his two sons, the Dukes of Dessie and Harar, walked slowly back from the rostrum and through the grea t doors to the _throne-room. One by one we followed them in, to drink the Sovereign's health and to bid him every future success. The G.O.C. toasted him in a short but sparkling speech. Amongst us were Ethiopian warriors who had faithfully carried on the battle throughout the period of the occupation, who had constantly hampered Caesar's plans for d ominat ion and colonisation an d who were rewarded to-day with the only victory they wanted~ that of satisfying their Emperor. T o the Amhara, the 'Nigusa Nagast' (meaning 'king of kings') is almost divine, and they know of no greater reward than -to earn his pleasure. ' Those who, like Ababa, had toiled and suffered, hiding in the forests and raiding Italia~ forts and convoys, had wanted and worked -for nothing else but the day that had now, at last, dawned. Ababa , without a title, rose in a day to Ras-the highest title below the Emperor. This was their day,_ not ours. So we retired, turning at the door for a farewell look at 'The Conquering Lion of th~ Tribe of Ju<Jah, H a ile Selassie I, the Appointed of God, King of the Kings of Ethiopia, Ordained of God Emperor of Ethiopia '-that WistfUl Little Man on his Throne. And as we passed through the gates we could not help noticing a new Proclamation headed 'The Lion of the Tribe of Judah bath Prevailed .'

A. T .

B. WILMOT.

EDUCATION AND THE FUTURE [We publish this article not only for its own sake but a lso in the hope that it may evoke expressions of. opinion on this all-important subject from other Aula rians whose Âˇexperience while serving with H.M. Forces may h a ve given them occasion to ponder the problem of education in one or other of its aspects. Any contributions which Aularians may like to send to the Editor of the Magazine on this subject will be considered and, if there is sufi-Jcient material, brought together in a further article in the n ext issue of the Magazine. In this way a useful exchan ge of views and experience between Aularians might be brought about.--E o.]

HE Army to-day represents a cross-section of the adult population of the country. That is to say, some ninety-five per cent. of it consists of men educated in Public Secondary or Elementary Schools. Ten per cent. attended school beyond the age of fou rteen; another ten per cent. received some kind of part-time educa-

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tion after the age of fourteen ; and the remaining eighty per cent. received no directed education after fourteen. A "large proportion, all those over thirty-two, received all or most of their education before the end of the last war, and a majority, all those over twentyfive, left school before 1930, that is to say, before the organisation of Public Elementary Schools under the Hadow Report of 1926 was getting into its stride. The scheme of education for the Army in war-time has now 'been in operation for over a year. It began as, and is still in the majority of units, a scheme in which men take part only if they wish, and in which the activities provided are those which the men themselves desire . The education of soldiers in wartime presents problems both mental and physical, many of which are quite different from those existing in civil education in peacetime. But, Âˇwhile it is as well to be cautious of generalisations based on experience gained in the Army, it is obvious that this experience offers valuable opportunities for assessing the virtues and defects of our civil educational system during the past twenty-fi ve years. It must be confessed that the suggestions made here for reconstruction in education after the war are substantially the same as those which the writer would have made before joining the Army. They are, however, advanced with greater confidence as a result of service in the Army, the last twelve months of which has been spent in the Army Educational Corps . It is unnecessary to dwell on the achievements of public education since the introduction of compulsory elementary education in 1880. The mere establishment of compulsory education up to the age of twelve, and later fourteen, and of opportunities for the continued education beyond fourteen for a minority, have had results which are obvious to all but the most prejudiced. 1 The vital importance of education to a democracy in peace or war is now generally recognised, not least by the Army, as the existence of the present scheme shows. It is reassuring to find that the public as a whole shows considerable interest in the future of our educational system and that it is disposed to be critical as well as appreciative of our schools as it remembers them from personal experience. It is well known that the last twenty-five years have seen considerable differences of opinion among educationists both as to what should be taught in schools and as to the organisation of the educational system. The present moment is one in which it is essentiq.l to ask how the achievements of the past sixty years are to be further developed , where that system has failed and how it can best be 1 See, for example, Lowndes, The Silent Social Revolution; Rowntree, Poverty and Progress.

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adapted to our present and future needs. It is suggested that all t his will be better understood by asking two questions which arise persistently in dealing with Army Education to-day. r. Are we an educated people? \iV e are, of course, a literate people , although illiterates m the Army are not as rare as we should like them to be. Complaints a~)OUt recruits who ca nnot do simple arithmetical calculation Of who show an almost complete ignorance of geography and history are not uncommon. All this , however, is not surprising when one considers that eighty per cent. of the men left school at fourteen, many of them twenty years ago, and that the failure w provide for continued training and supervision of the adolescent after school-age is now widely admitted to have been one of our most socially dangerous omissions. It is also to be remembered that we have in this country avoided some of the worst of the social and political disasters which have devastated Europe since the last war. On the other hand, 'consideration of the Press, of popular taste in Art, Literature and Music, of the continued vogue of Astrology and Patent Medicines, of the general lack, by no means confined to the eighty per cent., of an active interest in Parliamentary and Local Government, Economics and the Social Studies, suggest that we have still a long way to go . So long as the great majority of the population leaves school at fourteen, an adequately educated public is unlikely to be achieved without a widespread system of adult education. 2. D? the majority of children leave school, whether at fourteen or later, with an enthusiasm for what they have learnt there and a strong desire to continue their education? Before the war there were approximately one million students t aking part in som e form of adult education in England and Wales . If one assumes that half the population was physically able to take part if it wished, it appears that about one person in fifteen of those eligible was doing so. Those taking part in Army education to-day realise that while a number of men are immediately anxious to avail themselves of. the facilities offered, there are also a large number for whom the word education is not in itself an attraction. In dealing with these men it is first necessary to show that education is something more than learning. It is very clear that while from one point of view the scheme of education for the Army in war-time may be regarded as helping to keep men's minds active during their period of military service, it may also be regarded as affording an opportunity of re-educating civilians who are below the standards demanded by citizenship in a democracy.

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In order to understand the reasons for the deficiencies which all this suggests it is necessary to consider the principles on which our school curriculum and, it may be added, the curriculum in adult education, has been based. As already stated, there has been a sharp difference of opinion about what should be taught. It would be misleading to suggest that there have been distinct groups of protagonists, subscribing to concise bodies of dogma. Educational t heor"}' is notoriously vague a nd question-begging; and practice, no less' than opinion in our schools, has been changing steadily in more than one direction since . the last war. Nevertheless the issues will be most clearly understood if we postulate an ' old ' and a ' new ' point of view. The former will consist of views generally prevalent up to the last war and still held by many to-day. As far as possible these views must be applicable to Secondary as well as Primary and to Private as well as Pub.lie Schools.2 It is sometimes believed that according to these views the chief aim of a schoolmaster was to produce scholars, but this was denied with hardly less indignation than the charge of trying to produce examinees. Rather education was defined as preparation for life. Life was thought of as something in which culture and public spirit were virtues but where competition and ability to work hard were essentials. How were children to be prepared for life? They must receive an indispensable minimum of knowledge and they must develop character. These were not separate problems. The indispensable minimum of knowledge was de\:ided by considering what an adult, as a citizen and a wage-earner, would need to know. For those leaving at fourteen it was once thought that Religion and the three R 's were enough, 3 while for those continuing beyond that age the Classics alone might be. added. New subjects, however, were now admitted - History, Geography, Woodwork, Music and even Science. Few people twenty-five years ago were prepared to qua~rel with this view of the school curriculum. Nevertheless, as Sir Richard Livingstone has recently pointed out in his Th e Future of Education, it m ay often be that what an adult ought to know is not really intelligible to a child. The fundamental issues of English History, the psychology of Hamlet, the geographical and social significance of ri vers, may be' competently dealt with in examination papers by .children whosâ&#x20AC;˘e age and limited experience of life make it impossible for them to realise their real sig,n ificance. It 2 The term ' public school ' is used in its literal sense, mea ning a school for t he public. 3 Boa rd of Education ' H a ndbook of Suggestions for T eacher s in Public Elem enta ry Schools, ' paragra ph 45.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE might be added that a mastery of the three R's and of the rudiments of foreign languages or science is but a means to an end. To children the end is remote and often meaningless. It is largely for these reasons that 'there has been a shift of emphasis in teaching from the subject to the child' (Board of Education ' Handbook,' p. 37). The old point of view, however, did not necessarily expect children to enjoy work. It would undoubtedly have approved the statec ment of the headmaster of a well-known English Public School who stated, a few years ago, 'The boy who has learnt to work at Latin Grammar, which he detests, has learnt an invaluable lesson in citizenship.' The value of the curriculum lay not only in what was Âˇ 1earnt: the effort of learning it developed character. It taught children to wQrk at what they disliked, teaching them discipline and concentration: it gave a mental training which would enable them to deal with the problems they would faceas adults. Games also were included, particularly in Private Secondary Schools, which were better equipped for them, and these also were provided for the training of the character as well as the body. Culture, in short, came after character. Clearly, there is much to be said for these views. It is, undoubtedly, desirable to learn the three R 'sand the rest of the means to education during childhood. It is desirable to learn to do unpleasant things and to acquire the ability to study, while if the theory of transference is no longer credited by psychologists, it still appears to rule among many of those who offer the means of getting a living. The unfortunate result of this particular means of producing this particular kind of character is that it so often and naturally inspires in the young an ardent dislike of what they come to believe is education. Furthermore, they show an alarming facility in disc~rding all memory of much of that which is learnt for any reason except their interest in it. Even the alphabet and multiplication tables, which , being learnt by rote in infancy, may be expected to remaln, are often forgotten ten years after leaving schobl unless refreshed by regular use. Whether or no we agree with Edmund Holmes, who condemned the fundamental Puritanism of the old-fashioned curriculum, it must be admitted that it tended to regard children as inveterate idlers for Âˇwhom the alternatives were work or a sharp relapse into . original sin. The modern view, which has been much influenced by the development of Nursery Schools, recognises tha t the normal child is essentially energetic, curious and interested. It argues that teaching should be in terms of children 's experience and that interest is the best method not only of inspiring the effort to learn but also in

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enabling children to remember what they learn . It seeks to provide more individual and .group activity and less discourse in the classroom. If it has a shibboleth, it is social training rather than character, wh ich s uggests that its ideal of character has altered. It thinks of education not so much as a preparation for life as learning ~olive. Nothing has been said so far a bout examinations. Examinations based on University requiremen ts have greatly influenced, some think arrested, the development of Secondary Schools. It is less widely realised that they have had far-reaching effects on the Public Elementary Schools. The Elementary School .master was too often made to feel that his efficiency was judged by his pup ils' success in the scholarship examinations for Secondary Schools. H e also, and very properly, wished to do a ll he ,could to h elp his most intelligent children to achieve a career suited to their ability. Inevitably there were m any schools - Public and Private, Elementary and Secondary - where the needs _of the m aj ority were subordinated to those of the brig ht minority who sailed with ease through examinations. Not that the majority were necessarily regarded as neglected. Their needs were n eglected in the sense that they were not understood. If chi ldren failed to fit the curriculum, it was the children who were at fault. Their inability to learn was in fact regarded as presenting a particularly serious task to the schoolmaster, and the ordeal which they endured was a grim earnest of the attention which was lavished upon them. What proportion of children have s uffic i~nt ability to fit successfully into a curriculum based on the present requirements of the School Certificate? While there are many Seconda ry School children who find the requirements very diffic ult , there a re undoubtedly many children who, while up to the required standard, do not go to Secondary Schools for financial reasons. The intelligence test is now widely u~ed in the selection of children for Secondary Schools, but exact data as to the minimum I.Q. necessary are not available. There are, however, grounds for supposing that an I.Q . of 1 00-1 ro is a safe minimum. Between forty-five and thirty per cent. of the population reach this standa rd. The Spens Report recommends that the School Certificate as it now exists sho uld b e for children who are proceeding to a University. The H a dow Report on the Education of the Adolescent, 1926, went a long way to meet these problems in proposing that at the age of eleven plus all normal children should proceed to a postprim ary school, either a Sec·ondary , Junior Technical or Senior School, in accordance with their abilities. In the Senior Schools ' the trea tment of the s ubj ects of the curriculum should be practical

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in the broadest sense and brought directly into relation with the facts of everyday life. The courses of instruction, though not merely vocational or utilitarian , should be used to connect the school work with the interests arising from the social and industrial environment of the pupils . .. due regard sho~ld be paid both to the capacities of the pupil and to the local environment.' One consequence of a curriculum based on the needs of children rather than of those of adults must be faced . Children leaving school at fourteen will have little or no knowledge of many things which are essential to a citizen of a democracy and one educated to enjoy what can only vaguely be described as culture. The answer to this is in part a higher school leaving age, in part an extended system of education for adolescents and adults. If the latter are provided, the schools may be depended upon to produce the demand for them. Children may leave school without having heard of H a mlet or Beethoven. They are, however, likely to have a child's interest and enthusiasm for acting and music, and their tastes will grow up with them. If a universal system of adult education is to be achieved, it must take account of those widely differing needs and abilities which were recognised in the Hadow Report. Before making definite suggestions for reconstruction in education it is necessary to consider the implications of the word and its relation to reconstruction as a whole. r. Education is concerned not only w ith schools. It is concerned with the social, physical, recreative and what are normally called the educational needs of the individual at all ages. 2. Education, concerned with the highest needs of the individual at all ages, must be central in all community planning. At the same time the needs of education cannot be considered apart from community planning as a whole. Our educational institutions must provide the basis of the new society and the centre of the new communities. Our major social problem is the absence of community . Modern industrial society is composed of aggregations rather than communities. There is a tendency to think of planning in terms of orbital roads and zones of urban development. But mechanical planning aimed at tidiness is not sufficient; we shall miss our opportunity if we do not think of such things as simply the basis on which communities, giving adequate facilities for social as well as for private living, may be based. 3. The basis of democracy is equality of opportunity or, to use a better but less widely known phrase, equality of consideration. For this a common system of education is necessary. The policy of

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encouraging class distinctions with the system of public education is contrary to this principle. Schools which differ in function need not differ in status. Clearly adult and adolescent education are not desirable extras but the centre of gravity in the whole system. They are not only the means by which the man may keep alive and develop what he learnt at school: they are also the means by which the man may know what the child could not understand. We need institutions which will provide not only Culture for the twenty per cent. or Vocational Training for young people, but, as a good school does, social, physical, recreative and what is normally called educational training. They must provide these for all ages and for different levels of intelligence. Since education is a single, life-long process, .i t is desirable as well as economical to house them in schools. In each district certain modern school buildings, used by children during the day-time, could have separate and additional provision for adults. The hall, classrooms, _practical rooms an_d gymnasium used by the school could be available -for adults in the evenings . There might be a canteen and libra ry and health rooms for both school and adults, a nd for adults only a common room, games room and lecture room. Such buildings or groups of buildings would provide for the needs of the individual at all ages - beginning with Maternity and Child Welfare Services based on the Health Room, through the Nursery Class to the Junior School, Post-PrimaryÂˇ School, Day Continuation School, to the Adult Centre. It is desirable to separate adults from adolescents by making provision as far as possible in different school buildings for Day Continuation Classes compulsory up to eighteen years of age, to form part of the curriculum of Youth Centres. In these facilities for social, physical and recreative training should also be available. After th~ age of eighteen it is possible that a year's national service will be obligatory. The educational possibilities of the year should be fully exploited . In short, the special needs, both mental and physical, of adolescents should be recognised and provided for. It is suggested that up to the age of eighteen at least they should be regarded as ' Pupil Citizens.' If the view of education suggested above is accepted, developments in addition to those in Adult and Adolescent Education will be needed in order to put it into effect. Detailed proposals for reconstruction are now being worked out by the Board of Education and by a number of organisations connected with education. The Times E ducational Supplement of November 29, 1941, devo ted a

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leading article to a fifteen-point ' Programme for Reform.' Most of the suggestions which follow are included in that article. Pre-Primary Stage. An extension of Maternity and Child Welfare Services. Primary Stage. The general establishment of Nursery Schools and Classes in urban and, as far as possible, in rural areas. The Primary Stage, consisting of nursery, infant and junior schools, might profitably be extended to twelve plus if the school leaving age is raised. The curriculum has already been discussed. Post-Primary Stage. It is suggested that at twelve plus all children should proceed to a post-primary school by allocation and not by examination. The ba sis of allocation should be diagnostic tests considered in conjunction with school records. The post-primary schools may be Secondary, based on a modified school certificate examination (a Comm ittee of the Secondary Schools Examinations Council has a lready been appointed to report to the Board of Education on this matter), Technical High Schools or Senior Schools. Multilateral. Schools, including all three functions, m ay also be considered as an alternative , especially for small towns and certain rural areas. The principle of allocation rather than selection for PostPrimary Schools implies that Post-Primary Schools, while differing in function, are equal in status, and that teachers' remuneration should not depend on the type of school in which they teach. If class dist~nctions within the system of Pub:ic Education are to be avoided, it is desirable that all schools receiving public money should be free. For the protection of children private' schools should be regularly inspected and inefficient schools should be closed. School Buildings. Before the war (1935) 50,000 out of 150,000 classes in Public Elementary Schools in England and Wales contained more than forty children, and there were more than 4,000 classes of over fifty. There were in addition over l ,ooo schools on the Board's ' Black List.' R eorganisation under the Hadow Scheme was about two-thirds complete for the country as a whole, but plans were in being for the completion of a substantial part of the remainder. It is obvious that the suggestions already made involve both a reduction in the size of classes and a considerable building programme in addition to that projected before the war. The building of Nursery and P ost~Primary Schools, the provis'on of adequate accommÂˇo dation for adults and adolescents and the replacement of blacl~-li sted schools should have priority, but it must be remembered that the architectural requirements of the Vol untary Societies and School Boards, under whom a substantial part of our schools were built, are very different from those of modern education.

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Training of T eachers and Administration. The trammg of teachers is a lso under review by the Boa rd. It is suggested that the training of teachers should not end with the University but should continue throughout the teacher 's professional life. The Universities could play a very valuable part not only in the training of candidates for the profession but in the continued training of the practising teacher. It ;ohould not be beyond our ingenuity to devise a system of co-operation b etween Local ?ducation Authorities, H.M . Inspectors, educational theorists, those responsible for the training of teachers and the teachers themselves. This would broaden the experience and outlook of all those profession ally concerned with public education. If the need for the constant refreshment of teachers is obvious, it should also be remembered that education suffers if it is thought of primarily as a m a tter of administration, and that its theory cannot be conducted apart from schools. As to administration, there are at present over 140 County and County Borough C.o uncils which are Local Education Authorities, and 170 Borough and Urban District Councils which are authorities for Elementary Education only. Furthermore, more than half the total number of schools, containing less than one-third of the total number of children, are owned b y voluntary bodies, though ma intained by the Local Education Authorities. The Hadow R eport of 1926 which- recomm ended Post-Pri mary Schools for all childr.en over eleven, recognised the difficulties which, under the present administrative arrangements, this involves. It suggested that 'provincial authorities for education should b e instituted, in which the authorities for Elementary Education only and the authorities for Hig her Education_ shall both be ultimately merged.' It also stated its ' earnest hope ' that the voluntary societies and public authorities wo uld co-operate to establi sh the new system. There is at present much discussion of changes in Local Government after the war. The administration Âˇof public educa t ion needs consideration but must form part of the wider problem. It is suggested that consideration should also be given to an extension of the scope of the Board of Education so that it can deal with all aspects of juvenile education, health, employment and delinquency. Health Serv ices . The value of the School Medical Services and of the system of free milk and mea ls is now widely recognised. The provision of school meals, which offer social training as well as promoting health, is nc:iw being extended. It is to be hoped that all these services will continue to increase both for children and adolescents after the war.

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This article has been concerned with suggesting what we need m order to achieve a satisfactory system of public education. It has not tried to answer the inevitable question, 'Can we afford it? ' There is another question which should be asked first, 'Can we afford not to have it?' N. G. FISHER, Captain, A.E.C.

BOOK REVIEWS Under this heading there are noticed or reviewed recently published books or articles that possess a special Aularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents. We shall be glad to have such books or articles brought to our notice. 'HENRY V.' Edited by R. F . W. Fletcher for the New Carcndon Shakespeare . Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1941 ; pp .. 192. The New Clarendon Shakespeare is gradually replacing the old Clarendon Press editions of Wright and Clark, and Mr. Fletcher has already given us an a dmirable edition of The lvl erchant of V enice. He has now followed this with Henry V . The chief aim of this series is to make the r eading and the un derstanding of the text 'easy, hence an emphasis throughout on the language of Shakespeare (though in . this particular volume the length of the text has meant that Dr. Onions' usual note of Shakespeare's language has had to b e omitted from it). The explanatory matter has beer,i arranged according to a double system. First, words and phrases requiring a simple gloss or very brief elucidation are given at the foot of the page (which dispenses with the necessity for a glossary and so does not make unnecessary dem an ds on the fingers of the reader to keep several places in the book at once) ; secondly, more difficult Âˇ pa s.sages n eeding longer notes are dealt with together in the usual commentary at the end of the book, enEvened by comme nts on characters, like Mr. Fletcher's Gibbonian outburst on the rep ~llant features of Henry's nature. Here each scene is given a valuable separate note on its place in the dramatic artistry of the whole play; this is in addition to the short summary of the plot. Side by side with this desire to be helpful to the smallest beginner in Shakespere reading, there is adequate provision of material (inserted in the general commentary and placed within square brackets) for the study of more advanced topics like Shakespea re's use of Holinshed , and Folio and Qu a rto readings. In the Introduction Mr. Fletcher gives a concise summary of Shakespeare's

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treatment of Holinshed in this ' pat.ient bit of carpentry ' which js H ~nry . TI; and in the matter of variant readings he follows the Folio text except where this is clearly defec tive. The r es ult .is that there are some a dmirable minor innovations, especially in con- . nexion with stage direction~ and the dialect of the play. In addition, there are Appendices on Shakespeare's Life, Metre and Sources ; photographs of scenes fr om productions of Henry V at Stratford and the Old Vic; and seven pages of seiect literary criticism from Lee, Cha rlton and Granville-Ba rker. Though the Preface indicates that ' in the commentary alternative explanati ons and the mention of critics by name h ave been avoided as far as possible,' this does not mean that Mr. Fletcher is blind to the work of h is predecessor7. On the contrary , the notes have many references and remedies to the unwarrantable practices of previous editors and commentators that show wonderful originality, combined with a justifiable impatience with their methods. , K. HARDACRE. 0

IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE.. By Herbert J. Hunt. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, r941; Svo., pp. 446. 25s. net. In w rit ing this book Dr. Hunt has shown that his erudition is worthy of the Parnassian poets, on Âˇwhom he is one of the leading authorities t_o -day. His research has been extensive and painstaking; from the dusty bookshelves he has taken many a volume of epic poetry which had b een consigned to oblivion. In doing so Dr. Hunt has blazed a new trail. Many histories of French literature have madeÂˇ some pa ssing remark about Hug 9's epi c qualities; yet all critic~ quailed before such a n enormous and complex t a sk as that undertaken so successfully by Dr. Hunt. He has considered the French epic, not as the work of one poet, or of a n iso:ated school of poetry, but as all that nineteenth-century literature which has epic qualities . He traces the course of the epic from Chateau_briand, Ballanche and Quinet to Andre de Guerne and Sully Prudhomme, As regards the actual composition of the work ~ Dr. Hunt wastes no t ime, but plunges straight into his discourse . In one short chapter he states the aim of his book-:_to describe the course of the French epic in the nineteenth century. Following this, he describes with remarkable clarity the sources of inspiration for the epic, the cult of illuminism, the renewed interest in pagan antiquity and the increasing study of mythology. The first writer to be discussed is Chateaubriand , with reference to 'Les Natchez' and' Les Martyrs! The former, 'in Cha teaubriand's own words, is 'une

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epopee _de l' homme de la nat ure' ; the action, with much local colour, takes piace among the tribes of the American 路 Indians . Having outlined the story, Dr. Hunt points out that the second work, 'Les Martyrs,' which concerns Diocletian's persecution of Christians, is more successful as an epic, with its Milto,n ic scenes of heaven and hell. Chateaubriand is a link between Milton and Klopstock, and the Roman tics. From the temporary eclipse of French literature under Napoleon and the Restoration, Dr. Hunt has unearthed a multitude of indifferent pre-Romantic attempts at epic poetry. Worthy of mention_, for his name _alone as well as for his work, is NepomuceneLouis Lemercier. The importance of the mystics and composers of epics, Ballanche and Quinet, cannot be stressed too much. Dr . Hunt has managed to deal with them clearly and adequately in two chapters . In contemplating the Romantics' attempts at epic poetry, he shows the other, more interesting, aspects. of Alfred de Vigny and Lamartine, as opposed to the few popular poems usually found in anthologies . Instead of the familiar ' Mort du Loup ' and ' Le Lac,' ' Eloa ' and ' Jocelyn ' are discussed ; Vigny paves the way for the epics of Hugo and Leconte de Lisle. Also considered is Soumet, admired by his contemporaries for his contribution to poetry, but almost forgotten to-day . In one chapter Dr. Hunt reviews- the works of the minor epicists after 1880, amongst whom are Brizeux, Mistral, de Cailleux and Delpech, before he does justice to Maurice de Guerin, and particularly Laprade, whose poetry merits more appreciation than it receives to-day . Also discussed in this chapter are Louis Menard, with his 'Promethee delivre' and his mystic paganism, a precursor of the Parnassians, and 路Louis Bouilhet, who has s uffer~d the same fate as Laprade. Next Dr. Hunt passes on to the 'petite epople ' and the genre of the ' Legende des Siec'.es.' He discusses the important contribution of Victor Hugo to the French epic, with regard to some of the main poems of the ' Legen de des Siecles,' with remarkable perception in so few pages. Other 路contributors to the ' Legend of the Ages ' are the cream of the Parnassians, Leconte de Lisle, Banville and Heredia. On Leconte de Lisle in particular Dr. Hunt gives an excellent survey of his nihilism, his style and his contribution to the epic. The beauty and perfection of Heredia' s ' Trophees,' which many critics tend to dismiss with a few words, is pointed out, whilst Dr. Hunt has some interesfng remarks to make on the forgotten scholar Andre de Guerne. The final chapter deals with the poetry of Dierx, Coppee, Mendes; who lacked originality but could 路write like Gautier or Leconte de Lisle, and the rest of the

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moribund Parnasse; it closes with some comments on the philosophic and scientific poetry of Sully Prudhomme. Thus has Dr. Hunt traced the course of the French epic in the nineteenth century. In the case of long and obscure works, Dr. Hunt gives clear and accurate summaries of their action which are invaluable to the reader. The footnotes at the~bottom of each page are of real value, and not, as is so often the case, put there by the author to show his own knowledge. With true Parnassian spirit Dr. Hunt has pursued this subject of the epic into all its obscurity; he has caught it, and moulded it into a work of polished perfection, so that one must say in admiration : ' Oui, !'oeuvre sort plus belle D'une forme au travail Rebelle .. .' G. D. WEST. Trm STARLIT DOME. By G. vVilson Knight. Oxford University Press. Svo, pp. 314. 16s. ' Poetry of any worth is a rounded solidity ~hich drops shadows only on_ the flat surfaces of philosophical statement.' Professor Knight has much of the mystical approach to poetry. 'A poet,' he believes, ' should continuaily suffer the annihilation of his mind, almost his personality, in face of word, image, or person; be lost in passionate approach of this, that, or the other thing or -energy that his own lonely personality might reject; and from this coition springs the bright new life as Athena, armed, from Jove's head, when at once a more parental feeling suffuses the new birth ' (p. 35). And in his 'interpretative ' c riticism Professor Knight has the poet's consciousness of, exhilaration and occasional intoxication in Word and Image, those objective instruments which in poetry become inward thought and feeling. His method consists of subjecting these to a closer study than they have ever previously received; but he does not stay in the purely statistical field, as Miss Spurgeon tends to do in her work on the imagery of Shakespeare. He makes use of this kind of examination in order to travel further: to comprehend the angle of Vision peculiar to the poet. The present volume is conceived as a companion study to The Burning Oracle, ' with the two titles defining the respective poetic territories (" action " and " vision ") to be considered ' ; and consists of four related essays on vVordsworth, Coleridg路e, Shelley and Keats, with a ragged conclusion under the chapter-heading ' Symbolic Eternities,' in which he considers variously Milton, Byron, Tennyson, Browning, T. S. Eliot, Charles Williams and Yeats. The connecting link, a s the title of the volume suggests, .is the

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imagery and idea of architecture, physical and mental, with the 'pleasure dome' of Coleridge's Kubla Khan as the centre-piece and crowning symbolism. ' Domes may be variously brilliant and sombre, but in nearly all there is direct eternity-symbolism '; and the value of Professor Knight's-work is that, while deprecating the way poetic imagery has been too often dismissed as fanciful ornamentation , with excessive attention given to the thought in unfair abstraction, he yet realises that the symbols alone are of little value either: it is only by studying both and considering each in very close relation to the other, and to the whole poetic Vision, that we can make what he calls the various thought-directions themselves hold meaning. Pr?fessor Knight realises that his theme rÂľust exclude a good deal. For instance , ' Pope ... usually rejects the architectural and mechanica l, preferring a more human concentration ' ; and ' most . of Shakespeare lies outside our present study, his work being peculiarly non-vertical, with comparatively slight emphasis on the sculptural and pla stic .' And the reader â&#x20AC;˘may feel that even within the scope of the present volume the author is driven to some slight forcing of material into mould, often behind a veil of fluid language. Some of the work of Keats and even Coleridge himself proves difficult in this respect. F ew will appreciate the transition from 'smoothness' to 'dome-like' in .this thought: '(Keats) does not offer much that is unpleasing to the tactile sense: the jagged or rough plays small pa rt. Hence our strange awareness of the domelike throughout a poetry largely concerned with nature' (p. 26o). But for Professor Knight even a river can be a dome: ' Imagine Coleridge's mazy river coiling round and lifting itself to form a spiral and thereby generating, in the mathematical sense, our. domeformation ' (p. 250). At the same time, the particular theme and method is the source of many good things: the interpretation of the symbolism of Kubla Khan; the place in Wordsworth of the rationalising and daylight intelligence; or an admirable sentence of summary like this: ' That " dome " which Coleridge looks up to and Shelley often seems to floa t above, Keats is always deep inside ' (p. 278); or this: ' Shelley was a sleep-worshipper: K eats a positive fanatic . . . (Endymion) is, as it were, one long swoon, or at least the occasion for a number of separate ones' (p. 26 1). Professor Knight deals successfully with the im ages of Shelley 's The Skylark, which have been a stumblingblock to the prosaic. The usual argument that the bird does not rea lly resemble the things it is compared to misses the point. To understand the rush of imagery it releases we mu st get into Shelley's

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mind ; and for th is some such method as the interpretati ve one is necessa ry . But Professor Knight can work equally well outside the strict confines of his method, as his remarks on Shelley 's use of the Spenserian stanza in The R evoU of Islam show. It ,has its disadvantages., of course. One is its demand that aZl of a poet's work be taken into equal consideration, Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Sonnets as well as the Prelude, Coleridge's Ad Vilmum Axiologum as well as the Ancient l\1ariner. Of the interpretative critic it might be said that his s un shines on the worthy and the unworthy alike. The fact remains that this is a large and painstaking_volume, so much so that one can only say with Byro n: ' But lo! the do me , the vast and wondrous dome . . ' K. HARDACRE.

ALL DREAMING GONE. ÂˇBy Philip Sylvester . The Favil Press, London, 1941. pp. 15. IS. Mr. Philip Sylvester, whose pen-name conceals a member of the Hall, has collected in this little book a selection of his verse dating from the period prior to his being called up in the R .A. F. Twenty poems in all are included, the majority of them having a romantic friendship as their theme, and the under:tones of war are discernible throughout. Most of the pieces are sonnets on the Shakespearean model, and Mr. Sylvester approaches thi_s difficult form with a fluent style and a lavish use of colourful imagery. D espite occasional obscurities of phrasing, he succeeds in conveying to his readers a clear impres sion of certain vividly remembered moods and"experiences. J.N .D.K. EDWARD R ANDOLPH vVELLES, 1830~1888, Bishop of Wisconsin. By Edward Randolph Welles II , contributed to the H istorical Magazine of the Episcopal Church, Vol. ix, pp. 247~56. F rom diaries and ot her family papers Ed ward Welles has been able in this article to give an interesting account of his grandfather's life. Both in his own diocese of Wisconsin and throu.ghout the American Church Bishop V/elles took a prominent and persuasive part in the cathedral question , or 'the cathedral war,Âˇ' as it was often called at the time, so vehement was the controversy as to the propriety of diverting church funds t.o .the buildirig and endowment of cathedral. churches. In 1884, ten years after his consecration, Bishop \!\Telles had the satisfaction of seeing the debt upon his owri cathedral and cathedral hall cleared. But it was as a devoted father in God that Bishop \Velles best merited the gratitude of his people. In the year of his death, 1888, he paid his second visit to

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England, and while he was staying in Derbyshire he was invited by the Bishop of Southwell to administer the rite of Confirmation . A.B.E. GENETICS IN THE U.S.S.R. Contributed by Paul G. 'Espinasse to Nature, Vol. 148, pp. 739~50, Dec. 20, 194!. In terms intelligil::ile to the layman, Mr. 'Espinasse draws attention in this interesting article to the important contribution that is being made to the study of g enetics, and particularly to that of plant-breeding, by Lyssenko and his fe~low-workers in Russia, and to the radical difference between their biological methods and those , upheld by orthodox' Mendelians. A.B.E. THE NEO-PLATONIC LADDER IN SPENSER'S AMORETTI. Contributed by ' Edwin Casady to the Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. xx, No. 3, July, 1941. In the course of studying the extent to which Renaissance poets were influenced by Neo-Platonic thought in the composition of their sonnet sequences Edwin. Casady has turned his attention to Spenser's Amoretti, and in this article shows that traces of Neo-Platonic inspiration are more evident in Spenser's sonnets than has been generally appreciated, and give indication of Spenser having deliberately arranged his sequence of sonn('! ts with the Neo-Platonic Ladder in mind. A.B.E. SOME UNPUBLISHED LATE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE POTTERY FROM w. WALES. Contributed by D r . H. N . Savory to Archaeologia Cambrensis, June , 1941. In this paper Dr. Savory first describes two cinerary urns and two pygmy cups recently acquired by the National Museum of . \!Vales, and then deals with the vexed problem of the continental origin and distribution of the pygmy , and in so doing raises many interesting suggestions with regard to the spread of continental ' Neolithic' forms 1:o Britain in the Middle Bronze Age. A.B.E.

MATR1CULA TI ONS HILARY TERM Commoners. Ford, Gerald Edgar (Rossall School). Kavp.nagh, Desmond Herbert (Royal Commercial Travellers' Schools, H atch End). Piper, Dennis Hayden (Eastbourne College) .

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TRINITY TERM Commoners.

*Archer, Geoffrey Ernest Charles (King's School, Bruton). Backhouse, Henry Lewis (Shrewsbury School). Camkin, "William John (Warwick School). ·*Cooke, Simon Russell (Winchester College). -K·Edgecombe, Francis Gerald (Imperial Service College, Windsor). Garrett, Alan Charles (City of Bath Boys' School). -X·Gibson, Alan (Gosforth Secondary School). *Gilbert, Michael Sid.ney (Hele's School, Exeter). *Hodge, Gerard Mark (Vvolstanton County Grammar School). *Howgill, Richard Raymond (Bancroft's School, Essex). J anson-Smith, John Peter (Sherborne School). Kelly, Peter John (Downside School). *McFadyean, Gordon John (University College School). *Newton , John Paul (St. Paul's School). *Payne, Edward Peter (Mill Hill School). t Richards, Arthur \i\Tilliam (Chippenham Secondary School). *Richardson, Colin (Bristol Cathedral School). *Sutherland, J ohn Edward (Ampleforth College). *Timms, John Eric (City of Oxford School)._ \i\Testaway, Alan (Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, Bristol). *Wetz, Micha~! Albert (The Oratory School, Birmingham). tWithers, Owen Roy (Dorking County School). MICHAELMAS TERM Exhibitioners. Fry, William Norman Hillier (Colfe's Grammar School, Le~isham).

Midgley, Edward Graham (Grange High School, Bradford). Commoners. *Akehurst, Dennis Burn (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham). *Barnsley, Anthony John Edmeads (Dauntsey's School). '*Bennett, Peter Anthony (Dauntsey's School). Beynon, David Devonald (Chesterfield Grammar School). Bradley, Horace (Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn). Brooks, David Michael (Silcoates School, Wakefield). -j-Chell, Robin Alexander (Ardingly College). Costeloe, Charles William Brian (Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby).

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Dearle, Anthony Norman Roscow (Bradfield College). Dinsdale, William Henry (Stockport Grammar School). Durnford, Peter (Commonweal School, Swindon). Duruty, Donald Hawthorn (Dean Close School). Fell, Reginald (The Nelson School, vVigton). Flex, Gordon Whateley (Lancing College). Gowing, Christopher Norman (Lancing College). Haigh, Kenneth Joseph (Holgate Grammar School, Barnsley). *Hamilton, Donald Manson (St. John's School, Leatherhead) . Hanson, John (Dean Close School). *Herbert, Dennis Jack (Mill Hill School). Hooker, Michael Ayerst (Marlborough College). *Hurd, Leslie John (St. Olave's Grammar School). -j-Huskisson, Robert Andrews (Merchant Taylors' School). Jackson, Geoffrey Stanley (Palmer's School, Grays). *Lane, Peter (King Edward VI School, Southampton). McAdams, Roderick (Bristol Grammar School). McGovern, John Robert (Taunton's School, Southampton). Missen, George Anthony Knight (Lancing College). -f Moore, Marcus (Ulverston Grammar School). N ation-Tellery, Gerald Louis (VI orksop College) . Nixon, Peter Nesfield Forster (St. Bees School). *Ovenden, Nigel John {Brentwood School). Parsons, John Alwyn (Lancing College). *Peckett, Henry Mitchell (Denstone College). Perrott, David Alexander (vVarwick School). Pike, Leslie Norman (Municipal Secondary School, Wolverhampton). Pocock, Anthony Thomas George (Marlborough College). Rees, Alan William (\!Vest H artlepool School). Robson, Richard William (West Hartlepool School). Schuller, Theodor Maximilian (University of Vienna). -[Seymour, Edwin Frank \i\Talter (King Alfred's School 1 Wantage). Spence, John Edis (\Vorksop College). *Steele, John Edwin Hosking (Colfe's Grammar School, Lewisham). Sykes, Peter Raoul Husband (Huddersfield College). Thackeray, Frederick Gordon (Tottenham Grammar School). *Tonks , Geoffrey John (Epsom College). Toogood, Philip John (Wycliffe College, Stonehouse). Ullyatt, Charles Raymond (Chesterfield Grammar School). Vincent, Rev. vVilliam Alfred Leslie (Bristol University).

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Waind, Frank (\Vest Hartlepool School). *\Vall.a ce, Ian Douglas (Epsom College). ·w aiter, Alan David (Lancing College). Ward, Alan (Chesterfield Grammar School). \Varwick, Francis Hugh (Highgate School). Weir; Colin John (Forest School). t Probationer, Royal Corps of Signals.

* Probationer, Royal Air Force.

DEGREES January 23, 1941 NI.A.: Rev. S. H. Rumsey. March

May

June 7

B.A.: G. Carruthers. M.A.: Rev. T. E. M. Ashton. B .D.: Rev. VvT. W. S. March (in absence), M.A.: K. D. Luke. B.A.: ]. Hardyman. M.A.: H. N. Savory (in ·absence), Rev. B. W. Whitlow (in absence), E. L. W,ight (in . absen~e).

June 26

M.A.: Rev. A. R. Duncan-Jones, Rev_. G. A.

Hughes, Rev. G. A. H. Rainbow (in absence), Rev. E. M. Roberts, Rev. V. M. Spencer Ellis. D.Phil.: G. D. Ramsay. July 19

B.A. : C. J. H. Starey, M. H. Tupper, G. M. Williams.

July 26

B.A.: D.R. Jones, E. L. Moor, J. R. C. Webb. M.A.: A. T. de B. "Wilmot (in absence).

October 16

M.A.: Rev. R. Bagnall, Rev. J. D. Carr, Rev. ]. C. Stephenson.

November 22

B.A.: A. R. Lewis, B. B. Russell. M.A.: C. A. J. Cox, D. G. T. Hicks.

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ACCOUNT

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LIQDON EXHIBilJQN FUND £ Total brought for"vard since last Investment Mrs. T. K. Allen (eleventh donation) . . Rev . J. S. Brewis (seventh donation) .. Rev . Canon Gardner (fourteenth donation) .

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