St Edmund Hall Magazine 1949-50 by St Edmund Hall

St. Edmund Hall '. Magazine

' '

949

ST. EDMUND H ALL , 1949

KEY TO H.-\LL GROUP, 1949 Th e 11m11.es are g ive11 f ro 111 left lo rig ht as v iewed by /h e reade r. Bcich R ow : .J .P. Le P elley, W. H . A. T othill, J. v\I. E. Snellin g, P . W . G \o,· r, G. Benn ett, M. J. Summerl ee, J. D. H. Reddick, M. C. H. Cuyl er, P.R. Turk, J. A. Riley, J. G. M. Scott, H. E. Millen, 1'. J . Willi a ms, H . A. Wyd ell , R . E. Owton, E. F . \V. Seymour, R. Ca ndlin, 0. L. Th aw ley, C. R. Camp lin g, J. H . B. v\li lli a ms, E. C. J ones, K. M. Grayson, P L . R oussel. Sccu 11d How : H . Meltzer, G. I. l'\ eedham, M. G. A. J ack, D. J. Marsd en, J. B. A. W eston, M. Turi, C. R. Hill, \\1. Ha rdy, i'vl . J. F awcett, C. Dobb, P. F. White, I. P. Foote, M. P ike, E. D. Sp rague, D.S. Madge, M. A. B. H a rri son , Albert Baxte r , R. Downing, R. W. M. Skinner, D. L. Ste,·ens, J. J. Hogan , P . J. Fra nki s, P. S. Snell. Third Row: [) _ G. C lar ke, M. G. Kni g ht, P. R. J ones , M. H. W. Pa rk , j. H . .-\. Eam es , E. J. Morgan, E. G . Price, E. G. Midgley , D. Vea r , R. E. Ford, B. F. W. Th omas, C. A. H . Skelton, M. S . Rogers, M. :\. Dobbyn, G. D. G illin g-Smith . j. B. E\'ans, C. S. Hope, (;, H. Winte r, J . C. Graffy, D. P. Tidy, N. Broome, '· \ \/. H . Adcock , H. Cra ne. Four th Row: H. D. Mi chell , D. W. Boyd, D. J. Der x, C. B. T embey, G. G. All en , D. A. Ellis, L. I. Stnwe, J. M. Ca n· , J. Bul l, J. S in clai r, E. M. Smith, T. C. Luke. A. T. Cla rk , J. 0' 1-I a ll ora n, H. A. R. Long, T. E. Dow nu m, D. J . H ardy, E. Rh od e. , R. Vincent-J ones, R. McAdams, C . R. Ullyat t, J. S. C la rke. Fifth Row: D. Craven, E . H. Edge, A. J. Knight, A. P. H aworth , ~ I. J. Moi)tgom ery, J. K. Chad\\'i ck-Jon es, R. \ '. Kin g,; , W . J. Tunl ey, R. Tracey, l'vl. P. Kent, M.A. H a lliwc!l, K. F. Smart , J. R . H a nson, J . K. C la rk, L. H. E lliott, D. R. \ '. Che\\'ter, E. Lewi s, A. H. W. :\ias, W. R. Dun smore, W. W eir , :\. G. L. R. McDermid, N. D. Stacey. Six th R ow : 13 . Tu ll och. C . v\I. Mar ston, D. A. Cla rk e, J. R. Mo;:s, C. A. Bl acknrnn, S. H art ley, I-1. S. H a l'l'i , Re'" J. McManners (C lrnpla,i11). Ca non J. ·l\'. D. Kelly (F ice-J>ri11cipa./.), Rev. I. F. C hurch (Prcside11 t of th e J. C ./?.), Mr. A. B. Emd en U' ri11ripal), Dr. H. M. :\.H. lr\'in g. Mr. G. D. Ra m. av , Rev. T . Dyson, R. E. :\ !ton, S. Richard son, D. L. Ma idm ent , F. F. :\ icholl. , H. :-./ . Grindrod, L. E. Baragw:rnath, B. H. Holland , D. M. Brooks, D. J. i\. Shea r . . S ev e11/h Row: ,\, T. Gaydon, L. G. D. Sa nde r , H. Liptrot, H.J . Ho ug h, P. M. Hayn es. I. P. Smith, R. :\. Ma son, A. Wa rd, H . .'\. Skinn er, H. :\. B. Latim er, F. E. v\la kelin, P.H. Phiza ckerl ey, J. R. Paul, M. C. Foster, M. J. Plowd en-Roberts. P.ro11t Row: P. J. C roft, R. B. Renton, Ar thu r Baxter , J. G. Ayers , J. E. M. S . Russell, H. E. Street, C. Ritcheso n, D. M. Loga n, j. V. Cockshoot, D. P. J ones, N. A. Dromgoole, P. :\ichols, T . W. S il k ston e, E. E. Murphy, D. Brotherto n, C . J. Wood cock, A. H . Foot, ] . A. G. C. Law , P. E. M. Holm es, B. E . Cooke, R ev. C. E. R o. s, E. B. Wood.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE Vol. V, No :â&#x20AC;˘9

DECEMBER, I 949 EDITORS

1949: H. E. P.

STREET,

NICHOLS,

Editor.

Assistant Editor.

DE PERSONIS ET REBUS AULARIBUS OF

THE PRINCIPAL AND FELLOWS

N .a manner of speaking the Principal has been given his wings. On the occasion of a visit to Oxford in the summer by a cont ingent of cadets of the American Civil Air Patrol, he, having acted as their guide, was made a Sponsor of the C.A.P. of the United States and decorated with the winged badge of that organ isation.

The Vice-Principal has been appointed a Fellow of the Society of St. Mary and St. Nicholas of Lancing and a Governor of Bloxham School. His appointment forges a welcome new personal link between the Hall and the Schools of the Woodard Foundation. Mr. G. D. Ramsay's broadcast on 'Cloth-making in the West' i.n a B.B.C. series of West Country talks has been published by Hodder and Stoughton in a volume, edited by Mr. A. L. Rowse, under the title The West in English History, containing all the talks given in the series. We very heartily congratulate the Rev. J. McManners, who was last year appointed Chaplain of the Hall and Lecturer in History and Politics, on his election as Fellow a nd Tutor in October. It is a hundred years since an Aularian was a member bf the tutorial body of the Hall: the Rev. John Hill ceased to be Vice-Principal in 1851, having held office for thirty-nine years. Since the translation of Professor H. J. Hunt to the University of London the care of French studies within the Hall has been sustained by a succession of lecturers. We are now able to record the appointment of a Fellow and Tutor in this subject and extend

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE a very cordial welcome to Dr. R. Fargher who has been since 1946 Lecturer in French at University College, Southampton. A former scholar, and later, taberdar of Queen's College, Dr. Fargher won a Heath Harrison Travelling Scholarship in 1936 and obtained a 'First' in Modern Languages (French and Spanish) in 1937· He continued in residence working on 'Mably and Montesquieu ' for the degree of B.Litt., for which he qualified in 1938, proceeding to the degree in 1939· He was encouraged to follow this up with a more ambitious piece of research and in 1941 proceeded to the degree of D.Phil. on the strength of his thesis 'La decade philosophique et la fin de la '' pbilosophie '' en France au debut du dixneuvieme siede.' Meanwhile he had entered on war service ; having joined the Leicestershire Regiment as a private in September, 1940. A year later he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 8th Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment, and, on the conversion of the battalion to artillery, found himself a ' gunner.' From October, 1942, to June, 1945, he served with the 8th Army in Egypt, Syria, Italy, and Greece. In June, 1945, he was appointed, with the rank of Captain, to intelligence duties in Austria and liaison work with Yugoslav and Russian forces until his release from military service in May, 1946.

HONORARY FELLOWS

The painting of the portrait of Dr. G. B. Allen, Bishop of Dorchester, which the Aularian Association authorised ·at its summer meeting and is making a very welcome present to the Hall, has been entrusted to Mr. Allan Gwynne-Jones, D.S.O. The necessary sittings were given by the Bishop during the summer months; and it is hoped that in the new year it will join the portraits in the dining hall as a tribute to his tenure of the principalship (1920-8) and to his active and continuing concern for the Hall as an Honorary Fellow and a Trustee. The death of the Rev. Dr. S. L. Ollard, Honorary Fellow of the Hall, on 2 March, will have been mourned by a very great many who appreciated his work and influence as a church historian, and scholarly upholder of the Tractarian tradition; but to Aularians who knew him as Vice-Principal and to those who came to know him in later years his departure will bring a particular sense of grief. A tribute to his memory will be found later in this

ST. EDMUND HALL .MAGAZINE

issue of the Magazine. A Memorial Service for him was held in the Hall Chapel on the afternoon of Saturday, 5 March. Once again we have occasion to extend cordial congratulation,; to Dr. I,>. A . Scholes . His book, The Great Dr. Burney, has bel'!I). awarded by the University of Edinburgh the James Tait Blad{ Memorial Prize for the best biography published in 1948.

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HALL

With regret we record the death of Mr. P. E. Roberts, who since 1946 had been a Trustee of the Hall, representing the University Chest. Âˇ In the course of a very busy life in college and in the University he won for himself ,great confidence and regard. Pursued by ill health all his life, h e never allowed its shadow to abate his cheerfulness and devotion to work . He died within a very short space of his retirement from the Vice-Provostship of Worcester College. In his place we welcome very cordially Mr. H. H. Keen, Secretary of the U niversity Chest, and Fellow of Balliol College. According to the statutes of the H a ll one of the representative Trustees is elected by the Fellows of the Hall. In order to secure a fuller representation of the Fellows, the Trustees . have elected the Vice-Principal, at present representing the Fellows on the body of Tr,ustees, to be an elected Trustee . The Fellows have filled the vacancy thus created by electing the Senior Tutor to be their representa tive Trustee. The election of Mr. Fletcher to he a Trustee of the Hall will be welcomed widely among Aularians as a timely recognition of his long and energetic service to the H all as Tutor, Chaplain, and Fellow, now amounting toÂˇ twenty-seven years.

OF LECTURERS

Mr. J. H. Brumfitt relinquished his appointment as Lecturer in French at the end of the academic year 1948-9. Mr. G. D. Giles, M.A., University College, research student of Nuffield College, has been appointed Lecturer in Economics; and Dr. E. G. Phillips, formerly Senior Scholar of Christ Church and Fellow of Magdalen , who won the Junior Mathematical Scholarship of the University in 1929 and the 'senior Mathe~atical Scholarship in 1933, has been appointed Lecturer in Mathematics .

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF THE BURSAR

In view of the increase in the number of members of the Hall after the end of the First World War, Bishop Williams, then Principal, asked the present Principal, on his coming to the Hall as Tutor in Modern History to undertake the duties. of Bursar. Hitherto there had been no Bursar, no Bursary and no Bursary staff in the Hall. A friendly and informal arrangement with the admirable Bursary Clerk at Hertford College had sufficed for the clerical work necessary for the maintenance of the Hall Battels Books and Dues Ledger. Otherwise the financial transactions and accounts of the Hall were encompassed with gre~t care by Mrs. Williams as part of her domestic economy. Since those simple days the administrative business of the Hall has grown immensely: and with the conclusion of a Second \Vorld War, the Princi.pal has deemed it high time that he ceased to discharge the duties of Bursar. We extend, therefore, a very cordial welcome to Mr. C. H . Jenner, on his appointment . Since June when he assumed office Mr. Jenner has entered on his duties with great zest and cheerfulness and the expeditious creation of Staircase l l during the Long Vacation is in no small measure due to his vigilance. Mr. Jenner went up to Worcester College from St: Edward's School, of which he is now a Governor, on the eve of the First World-War . From 1914-19 he served in the Army, first as Captain and Adjutant in the 5th Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment, and later as Captain and Company Commander, 23rd Sikhs (Pioneers). After the war he spent some years in business in India, and, on returning to England, was in 1938 appointed Bursar of Radley College, where for ten years he exemplified his good ability in tackling the administrative problems of a great school.

OF HIGHER DEGREES

L. B. Knoll, having submitted a thesis on ' Investigation of some methods <;>f High Rates of Loading on the Field of Metals,' for the degree of D.Phil., satisfied the examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of Physical Sciences. W. H. Jowsey, B.A., having submitted a thesis on 'Pope's version of the Iliad, considered as illustrating his theory of translation and his conception of heroic style' for the degree of B.Litt., satisfied the examiners appointed by the Board of the Faculty of English Language and 'Literature.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF

CONGRATULATIONS

Âˇ

ÂˇCongratulations are due to the following members of the Hal

in statu pupillari. To L. B. Knoll on qualifying for the degree of D.Phil. To J. E. Durling on obtaining a Second in examination for the B.C.L. To W. H. Jowsey on qualifying for the deg.ree of B.Litt. To J. M. Carr on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Geology in June. To H. D. Michell on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Modern Languages (German and French) in June. To P. H. Phizackerley on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Geology in June. To P. C. Swann on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Oriental Languages (Chinese) in June and on being awarded a Scarborough Scholarship for Chinese Studies. To J. D. Todd on being placed in the First Class in the Final Honour School of Natural Science (Engineering Science) in June. To the following members of the H all who were placed in the Second Class in their respective Final Honour Schools in June: G. L. Hodgson (Agriculture); M. G. Knight and R. A. Mason (English Language and Literature); H. S. Harris (Literae Humani ores); B. E. Bate, W. E . Brook, D. G. Clarke, R. McAdams and W. Weir (Modern Languages); T. C. Luke, D. J. A. Shears (Philosophy, Politics, and Economics); D. L. Thawley (Theo!Ogy); R. F. Benton (Psychology, Philosophy, and Physiology); E. C. Jones (Mathematical Moderations); C. R. Hill (Natural Science Moderations); and in December: Albert Baxter, J. F. Chadderton, D. R. V . Chewter, D. ]. Paxman and E. B. Wood (Modern History); C.R. Campling, the Rev. I. F. Church, J. B. Evans, P. M. Haynes, and C. S. Hope (Theology); J . Hobbs (English Language and Literature); R. E. Ford, M. A. Halliwell and P. A. Wpde (Modern Languages); P. G. Winch (Philosophy, Politics, and Economics). To F. B. Wood on being awarded an Exhibition in Chinese by the Board of the Faculty of Oriental Studies. To R. Day on being elected Junior Librarian of the Oxford Union Society in Trinity Term and on being selected as one of the two members forming the debating team of the Society that visited universities in the United States during Michaelmas Term.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

To N. D. Stacey on representing the University m Athletics against Cambridge, on being selected for the Combined Universities T eam which visited the United States, and on being elected Secretary of the O.U.A.C . To J. G. M. Scott on winning the Junior Sculls Cup at the Marlow Regatta . To J. A. G. C. Law on playing Cricket for the University. To P. S. Snell on being elected to the Authentics. To B. E. Cooke on being elected to the Occasionals. To D. P. Tidy on being elected to the Occasionals . To D. W. Bigley on playing for the University and on being elected to the Centaurs. To J. R. Paul on being elected to the Squirrels. To N. A. Dromgoole on being elected to the Library Committee .o f the Oxford Union Society.

DE PRIMARIIS

A laudable new record has been won for the Hall this year by the achievement of five ' Firsts ' in the Schools in June: J. M. Carr (Geology), H. D. Michell (Modern Languages), P.H. P'hizaokerley (Geology), P. C. Swann (Chinese), J. D. Todd (Engineering). 'When comparison is made with the achievement of other colleges, this success is the more gratifying . Among thirty academic societies the Hall stands equal sixth.

SENIOR SCHOLARS

At the beginning of Michaelmas Term P . H. Phizackerley, P . C . Swann and J. D. Todd were appointed Senior Scholars of the Hall, in recognition of their First Classes in Final Honour Schools in June. OF

THE SCHOOLS

HILARY TERM

For the Degrees of B .M. and B.Ch.: In General Pathology and Bacteriology: D. vV. Boyd. In Special and Ciinical Pathology: G . de B . Mitford-Barberton. In Forensic Medicine and Public Health: G. de B. Mitford-Barberton . Honour School of Geography, Shortened Examination, Part I : S. G. Downey, P . W. Glover, M. J . Summerlee.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZ INE

TRINITY TERM

For the Degrees of B.M. and B.Ch.: In Medicine, Surgery and Midwifery: G. de B. Mitfo rd-Barberton. In Pharmacology and Principles of Therapeutics : Dr. vV. Boyd. In General Pathology and Bacteriology: J. A. Riley. For the Degree of B.C.L.: Class II: J.E. Durling. Second Exami11ation for th e D egree of B.Mus.: J. V. Cockshoot. Examinatio n in the Th ~o r y, History and Practice of Education: G. \V. H. Adcock, K. G. Coulthard, J. H. A. Eames , M. C. Foster, J. R. Hanson, P . E . M . Holmes, H.J. Hough, J. A. Jerman , H. Liptrot, D. S. Madge , K. F. Smart, I. P. Smi th. Honour School of Agriculture: Class II: G. L. Hodgson. Honour School of English Language and Literature: Shortened Examination: Class II: M. G. Knight, R. A : Mason; Class III: D. Brotherton, N. G. L. R. McDermid, F. F. Nicholls, M. G. Sarson, C. A. H. Skeltqn, C. J. Woodcock . Honour School of Geography : Shortened Examination: Part II: Class II: H. N. Grindrod, D . P. Jones, P.R. Turk; Class III : W. A. H . Blair. Honoier School of Jurisprudence: Shortened Examination: Class III: M. J. Fawcett, J.M. H. Scott, H. A. Skinner, W. H . A. Tothill. Honour School of Literae Humaniores: Class II: H. S. Harris. Honour School of Modern Languages: Class I: H. D. Michell; Class II: B. E. Bate, W. E. Brook, D. G. Clarke, R. McAdams, W. Weir; Class III: D. Vear; Shortened Examination, Part II: Class II: A. T. Clark, W. J. Tunley, C. R. Ullyatt; Class IjI: R. E. Owton. Honour School of Natural Science: Engineering: Class I: J. D. Todd; Geology: Class I: J.M. Carr, P.H. Phizackerley; Physics: Class II: R. Candlin. Honour School of Oriental Stiidies: Chinese; Class I: P. C. Swann. Honoiir School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics: Class II: T. C. Luke, -D. J . A. Shears; Shortened Examination, A: Class II: N. S. Broome, J.M . vVigley; Class III: R. S. Cooke; Shortened Examination, B: Class II: D. M. Brooks, C. N. Gowing. Honour School of Theology: Class II: D. L. Thawley; Shortened Examination, A, Unclassified Honours: J. B. Arlidge.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Honour School of Psychology, Philosophy, and Physiology: Class II: R. F. Benton. Pass Groups: A3: T . Dyson. Diploma in Theology: D. Walser. Diploma in Economfrs and Political Science: J. K. Clarke. Honour Moderations in lvfathematics: Class II: E. C. Jones; Class III: P. S. Taylor. Honour Moderations in Natural Science: Class II: C. R. Hill; Class III: G. Castro, D. Craven, K. M. Grayson. LONG VACATION

For the Degrees of B.M. and B.Ch.: In Special and Clinical Pathology: H. V. James. In Forensic Medicine and Public Health: H. V. James. MICHAELMAS TERM

For the Degrees of B .M. and B.Ch.: In Medicine, Surgery and Midwifery: H., V. James. Honour School of Modern History: Class II: Albert Baxter, J. F. Chadderton, D. R. V. Chewter, :q. ]. Paxman, E. B. vVoocl; Class III: J. G. Ayres, Arthur Baxter, J. G.' M. Scott; Class IV: M. C. H. Guyler; Shortened Examination, Part II: Class III: A. H. Foot. Honour School of Theology: Class II: C. R. Campling, the Rev .. I. F. Church, J. B. Evans, P. M. Haynes, C. S. Hope. Honour School of English Language and Literature: Class II: J. Hobbs; Shortened Examination, B : Class II: P. L. Roussel, P. S. Snell; Class III: W. R. Dunsmore. Honour School of Modern Languages: Class II: R. E. Ford (Fr.), M. A. Halliwell° (Fr. and Germ.), P. A. Wilde (Fr. and Germ.); Class III: M.A. B. Harrison, E. Rhodes, S. Richardson; Class IV: M. James, F~ E. vVakelin; Shortened Examination, Part II: Class II: A. M. Maslen. Honour School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics: Class II: ·· P. G; Winch; Class III: B. F. W. Thomas: Shortened Examination, A: Class IJ: I. Alexander; Pass Groups B.2. :. L. G. D. Sanders. Examination in the Theory, History and Practice of Education: J. Bull, B.A., J. S. Golland, B.A., M. Johnson, B.A., R. Mcisaac, B.A., M. H. W. Park, B.A ., L. H. Elliott, M.A . , M. P. Whitaker, B.A.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF

SCHOLARSHIPS

As the Open Exhibitions of the H all of the an nual value of £40 are supplemented by the Ministry of Education up to the full value of a State Scholarship, it has been decided as from the beginning of Michaelmas Term to change their designation to Open Scholarships, and that of the holders of them to Scholars.

EXHIBITION AND SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATIONS

As a result of the Open Exhibition Examination in English Literature and Modern Languages held on 28 February and the two succeeding days, elections were made as follows: J. vV. G. Ridd, Watlington County Grammar School (Modern Languages). P . G. Tudor, Grove Park Grammar School, Wrexham (Modern Languages). M. Baldwin, Gravesend County Grammar School (English). As a result of the Open Exhibition Examination in History, Social Studies and Geography, held on 22 March and the two succeeding days, elections were made as follows: G. P. Jupe, Sandown County Secondary Grammar School, Isle of Wight (Modern History). R. C. M. Cooper, The Edinburgh Academy (Modern History). C. H. Clough, Newent Grammar School (Geography). G. P. Jupe and C. H. Clough declined election owing to winning Scholarships elsewhere. D. A. Harding, St. Edward's School, has been awarded a ]. M. Sing Exhibition. Scholarship Examinations in 1950 have been arranged as follows :-It has been decided to join with Jesus, Lincoln, Worcester and Wadhari1 Colleges for Scholarship Examinations in English Literature, Modern Languages and Geography on Tuesday, I4 March, 1950, and the two following days. The H all is offering three Open Scholarships in Modern Languages and English Literature, and one Open Scholarship in Geography, all of the annual value of.£40. On Tuesday, 21 March, 1950, and the two following days an examination will be held for the purpose of awarding two Open Scholarships in Modern History and Social ' Studies, each of the ann ual value of £40.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

THE ] . MILLINGTON SING EXHIBITION FUND

Under the will of the late Mr. J. Millington Sing, J.P., M.A., the Hall was entitled. to a share of his residuary estate in addition to the legacy of £1 ,ooo which has already been received from his executors. In respect of the Hall's share as a residuary legatee the sum of £I, 769 3s. 2d. has now been received. The total endowment of the Exhibicion .Fund that he founded for the benefit, under certain conditions, of boys from St. Edward's School proceeding to the H all now stands at £z,769 3s. zd. The first Millington Sing Exhibition, as reported above in the Magazine, was awarded this year.

THE H.

INGLE BEQUEST

Under his will Alderman H. C. Ingle, M.A. (Matric. 1919), has added most nobly to his former benefaction by bequeathing to the Hall, subject ,to a life interest, the residue of his estate ' for the benefit of the Hall in what way they think best in gratitude for the privilege I have had of being a member of the Hall.' A tribute to the memory of Alderman Ingle will be found later in the Magazine.

THE

M. HAMILTON BEQUEST

Mr. Grahame Maurice Hamilton, M.A., Balliol College, who died 19 September, has made to the Hall a bequest of £1 ,ooo. Mr. Hamilton has been a close friend of the Principal since his undergraduate days and a frequent visitor to the Hall, and watchful of its progress.

THE PETER YOUNG BEQUEST

Mr. Peter Young, M.A. (Matric. 1925), whose tragic death in the Star Dust lost on passage over the high Andes was recorded in the MaJ;azine last year, has most generously bequeathed to the Hall the sum of £100, for the embellishment of the Hall at the discretion of the Principal, and any of his books that may be selected for the Hall Library. Sixte'e n of them have been chosen.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

OF THE OLD LIBRARY

The cordial thanks of the Hall are due to Mr. B. E. Toland (Matric. 1930) for his gift of an interesting collection of 17th and l8th century law books. The volumes are as follows: l. A Collection of Acts and Ordinances of General Use made in Parliament, in continuation of Mr. Pulton's Co llection . By .Hy. Scobell, Clerk of Parliament. I:.ondon, 1658, fo.

2. Un Abridgment des plusieurs Cases et Resolutions del Common Ley. By Hy. Rolle, Sergeant-at-Law. 2 vols. London, 1668, fo.

3. Les Reports des Cases et 1\1atters en Ley resolves et adjudges en les Courts del Roy en Ireta.nd. By Sir Jo. Davis, Kt. London, 1674, fo.

4. Officium Vice-Comitis or The Office and Authority of Sheriffs. By Mich. Dalton, late Master in Chancery. London, 1682, fo. 5. The Nature and Practice of' Real Actions.' By Geo. Booth. London, 1701, fo. 6. The Orphans' Legacy or a Testamentary Abridgment. By Jo. Godolphin, LL.D. 4th edn. London, 1701, 4to.

7- The Civil Law in its Natural Order together .w ith the Publick Law. By Domat; translated by Vv. Strahan, LL.D. 2 vols. London, 1722, fo. 8 . Jenkin's Reports. 8 Centuries of Reports or 800 cases solemnly adjudged in the Exchequer Chamber or upon Writs of Error. Published originally in French and Latin, now translated by a Gentleman of the Middle Temple. 2nd edn. London, 1734Âˇ 9. The History of the Pleas of the Crown. Hale, Kt. 2 vols. London, 1:736, fo.

By Sir Matth .

10, .II, 12. An Institute of the Laws of England. By Th. Wood, LL.D. 4th edn., 1730; 6th edn., l7J8; 9th edn., 1763, fo.

By Wm. 13. The Touchstone of Common Assurances. SheppaFd of the Middle T emple. 4th edn. London, 1780. 14. Reports of Cases relative to the Duty and Office of a J.P. M.T., 1776-T.T., ' 1785. By Th . Caldecott, Middle Temple. London, 1786. 15. Precedents in Conveyancing settled and approved. B~r Gilb. Housman , late of Lincoln's Inn. 3rd edn. 2 vols. n .d., fo.

ST. EDMUND HALL M.AGAZINE

This forms a welcome addition to the collection of books in the Old Library, which, except in regard to law, is fairly representative of the books commonly in use by students in the second half of the 17th and the first half of the r8th centuries. . An interesting letter and article written by Francis William Newman, brother of the Cardinal, concerning the Rev. John Hill, Vice-Principal, 1812-51, has been given to the Library by the Rev. J. S. Reynolds (Matric. 193g). It is hoped to publish in a subsequent issue of the klagazine the text of this article.

OF THE NEW LIBRARY

The best thanks of the Hall are due to the following donors for gifts that they have made for the benefit of the Library : To Mr. and Mrs. H. Hayes for a further gift of £5 for the purchase of books in memory of their son, Henry Trevor Hayes. To Mr. R. B. Pugh, M,A., Queen's College, for his gift of £5 for the purchase of special books. To Mr. C. F. W. R. Gullick, B.Litt., M.A., Lecturer to the Hall in Geography, for his gift of A. K. Roebeck's Geomorphology. To Mr. H. G. Barnes, M .A., Lecturer to the Hall in German, for his gift of R. Ayrault's Heinrich von Kleist. To the Rev. Dr. F. J. Shirley for his gift of a copy of his book, Richard Hooker and Contemporary Political Ideas. · To the Rev. C. E. Burkitt, M.A. (Matric. 1894), for his gift of six books. To Mr. P. A . H. Farrant, M.A . t(Matric. 1935), for his gift of twelve books. P'. J. Croft has been appointed Junior Librarian.

OF A BuMP SUPPER

The crew of the Hall 1st Torpid merits particular congratulation for its success in making four bumps, against St. John's, Brasenose, Magdalen and Balliol, on the first occasion of Torpids Week being reduced from six to four days of racing; and a generous measure of thanks is due to their coach, Mr. Desmond Hip, of St. Edward's School.

P /J() / o :

/Jorfol'ow.

THE TR EE, J U \! E, 19-J.9 S ho\\' ing t he li u n.-11 nr \I ;, t k- tn c in an u p pc 1Â· br un ch

DISJECT.-\

MEMBRA

23 ] Ul\ E, 1949

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Consequent upon these victories a memorable Bump Supper was held in the Forum Restaurant (to elder Aularians known as the Masonic Building), at which 180, including victors and representative~ of the vanquished, took part- the most largely attended and one of the most enjoyable Bump Suppers of an epic series, rekindling recollections of the Boat Club's anni mirabiles before the war. .

, OF THE TREE

The Robinia in the front Quadrangle - ' The Tree ' for many successive generations of the Aularians - has for some time been sh9wing marked signs of old age . But in addition to the withering of outer branches, the increasing cant of the main trunk towards the Quadrangle has been a cause for anxiety. A few years back the precaution was taken of lopping off the lowest branch so as to relieve the strain . . The removal of this considerable branch that . swept down towards the well-head passed unnoticed by most members of the Hall. It also escaped general notice that in the last two or three years a bunch of mistletoe had affiliated itself to one of the uppermost branches. Otherwise the folk-lorists among us might have been busy with variant prognostications. It is well known that longp.r otracted dry weather is often fatal to the large limbs of certain trees and that elms and false-acacias are particularly liable to shed branches with no warning in the course of a drought . So it happened with 'The Tree.' At a little after 2 o'clock on the morning of _23 June, the main branches suddenly crashed to the ground. With the wakefulness of experienced 'deans ' the Principal and the Vice-Principal were roused by the rending of timbers and met in the half-light upon the grass, viewed the ruin of leaves and branches piled high about the well-head, and noted with thankfulness that the main trunk and some minor branches still stood . Examination was carried out subsequently by experts from the School of Forestry. But it was only too evident from the interior condition of the main trunk and branches that decay was so far developed within the t ree that the branche s might have been brought down and, indeed ; the main trunk _u prooted .during an y storm of wind . It may be computed that 'The Tree ', is a bout 120 years old - a respectable age for Robinia Pseudacacilk.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF ' F1RsT vVoRns '

F irst Âˇw ords, an Aularian miscellany of verse and prose, encouraged by the welcome accorded its reissue in 1948, blossomed again with a new number in a new and more convenient format this year. The editors, C. Dobb , J. Hobbs and J. M. Russell, and their colleagues in the ' Makers ' are to be warmly congratulated on their enterprise and the high quality of the contents of their 'Garden of Delights,' as a seventeenth-century Aularian might have described it. This issue was prefaced , somewhat. pugnaciously perhaps , w ith a striking introduction by Mr. Roy Campbell. At the modest price of 2s., this issue of First Words well merits Aularian support.

STAIRCASE ELEVEN

liVhen in 1933 the plot of ground was acquired on which the Canterbury Building now stands, it was arranged to compensate Messrs. Minty and Co., Ltd., for their loss of the repair shop that stood upon it by providing them with alternative accommodation until 1941 in rooms at the back end of No. 46 High Street, which had recently been obtained by the Hall on a lease from Magdalen College . As this obligation on the part of the Hall came to an end during the course of the war, the occupation of these rooms by the Hall was postponed until better times; and, on the return of peace, restrictions with regard to building licences necessitated further postponement. During the Long Vacation this year the rooms were taken in hand and converted to Hall uses. The resulting gain consists of two additional undergraduate sets, and, on the ground floor, a dispensa ry, hitherto temporarily accommodated in the Principal's lodgings, and a guest room. The dispensary is, in the opinion of the Hall Nurse, the best equipped of any college in the University. It is hoped that old members of the Hall will find the addition of a guest room an encouragement to revisit the Hall.

THE GUEST ROOM

The new guest room since its inception in Michaelmas Term has been much in request. Old members of the Hall who wish to use it should write as long in advance as possible to the Vice-Principal.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

In the ordinary course it cannot be reserved for longer than two nights. The charge is ms. 6d. for the room and breakfast; this includes gratuity to the scout in charge. Out of term the room is only available at such times as there are a sufficient number of members of the Hall in residence for the normal domestic arrangements of the Hall to be in operation .

. OF

THE LONG VACATION READING PARTY

For the last three years it has been arranged that members of the Hall can stay in Hall for purposes, of reading during the four weeks of July. Last year the Vice-Principal and the Rev. J. McManners were in residence during the course of the reading party. The number of members of the Hall who availed themselves of this facility in any one week during July ranged from twenty to thirty. The reading party was joined this year by one former member of the Hall. It is likely that the Hall will continue to reserve the month of July for this purpose and in this informal way to offer its own solution to the deb.a table problem of a long vacation term.

CANDELABRA AND CANDLE-NIGHTS

Gre~ttly to the credit of the organisers of the very successful Hall Dances of 1947 and 1948 a substantial sum in hand remained over after all expenses had been met. The J .C.R. has very generously presented the Hall, out of this sum, with a handsome pair of early l8th century three-branched candelabra in mercurial silver-plate for the adornment of the high table. This gift by the J .C.R. of two candelabra for the decoration of high table has been given a particular Aularian significance for the future. Ordinarily the candelabra appear on high table unarmed with candles. It has been decided, however, that on special nights, in commemoration of signal achievements by members of the Hall, such as ' Firsts' in the Schools, or ' Blues,' etc., in accordance with a scale of merit denominated by the Principal, candles shall be set in the candelabra and lit at dinner time. On the occasion of a candlenight the member of the Hall so honoured dines as the Principal's guest in Hall. This custom was instituted in Michaelmas Term and 'candle-lights' were accorded to P. C. Swann, P. H. Phizackerley, and J. D . Todd in recognition of their 'Firsts' in the Schools.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF A

].C.R.

COLLECTION OF PICTURES

The J.C.R. has embarked on the admirable and exciting venture of collecting pictures of merit for the decoration of its walls. Two or three colleges have alrea.d y launched similar projects. The scheme, which was instituted in Hilary Term, is financed by a voluntary levy of 5s. a term from every member of the Hall, collected through battels. The responsibility of seeking out suitable pictures rests with the members of a Pictures Committee of the ].C.R., who are aided in their search and selection by the expert advice of Mr. Ian Robertson, Assi?tant Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. A beginning was made in Trinity Term, when eleven pictures offering a wide variety of choice were gathered in the J.C.R. for the judgment of its members. Two were finally selected and purchased: 'Kingston-on-Thames,' by R. 0. Dunlop, A.R.A., who generously reduced the price of this picture in consideration of its destination; and 'The Cobbler, or Cobbett's Weekly Register,' by Henry Liverseege (1803-32), an accomplished subject painter of Manchester.

DE CAMPANARUS AuLARIBUS

During the year the number of campanologists in the Hall increased so largely that it was possible on Thursday, 1 December, for a band composed entirely of Aularians to ring a quarter-peal at the church of St . Thomas the Martyr. The quarter-peal was of Grandsire Doubles 1260 changes, and the ringers: K. M. Grayson, treble; E. H. Edge, 2; E. B. \tVood, 3; D. P. JonesÂˇ (conductor), 4; J. G. M. Scott, 5; E. F. W. Seymour, tenor. This was the first recorded quarter-peal ever rung in the University by the members of one college only; it was also the first quarter-peal rung by any of the ringers themselves, except the conductor. If this had happened in Thomas Hearne's time, it would most certainly have been recorded with warm commendation in his Diary ; for he was a keen campanological critic.

OF THE OLD MEMBERS' TENNIS MATCH

l'he annual match between an Old Members' Tennis VI and the Tennis VI of the Hall was very successfully revived in Trinity Term. The following Old Members, som e fortified b y the presence

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

of their wives, contributed to a victory of age over youth: Mr. I. E. N. Besley, Lieut.-Col. E. F. Foxton, Dr. A. P. Kingsley, Mr. C. Lummis, .\fr. P. C. Palmer, Mr. J. C. Toland. It is proposed that this should once again become an annual fixture. Any Old Members who would like to play should send their names with particulars of their tennis record to Mr. Clifford Lummis, 25 Sandy Lodge Way, Northwood, Middlesex.

OF A.ULARIAN SONS OF AULARIANS

There have been in residence this year seven sons of Aularians : B. T. Buckle, J. R. Downes, M. C. H. Guyler, J. A. G. C. Law, N. G. L. R. McDermid, H. E. Millen and P. F. Vlhite; this breaks the record of last year.

OF NUMBERS

The total number of resident members of the Hall in statu pupillari in :Michaelmas Term amounted to 262, comprising 20 M.A.s and B.A.s anp 242 undergraduates. The number of freshmen was 81. The exceptional number of freshmen was due to the fact that owing to the special facility offered by the Ministry of Labour for ' out of turn ' releases, nearly twenty accepted for October, 1950, were able to obtain release from National Service in time to enter into residence in October this year.

OF HALL SCARFS

Since the war it has not been possible to obtain new supplies of Hall scarfs in block-printed flannel and, consequently, there have been put on sale rather clumsy and unconvincing substitutes made up of strips of flannel sewn together. By arrangement with Messrs. Hookham and Co., tailors, 113 High Street, Oxford, it has been possible to secure the manufacture by a Scottish firm of finely woven woollen scarfs, both the Hall scarf and the Hall Colours scarf, which are deemed to provide a very adequate alternative to the former block-printed ones. The price of these new scarfs is 22s. 6d. each, and they can be procured only from Messrs. Hookham and Co. B

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE OF HALL CHRISTMAS CARDS

Christmas cards in four varieties were specially printed for the use of members of the Hall this year by the Oxford University Press. They consisted of: 1, a reproduction of the engraving of the Hall Quadrangle by J. and H. S. Storer, 1821; 2, a photograph of wistaria in bloom in the Quadrangle, 1949; 3, a reproduction of the original cartoon for the panel designed by Sir Edward BurneJones for the east window of the Hall Cha pel, representing the Nativity; and 4, a cartouche of the Hall arms, printed in red.

O F HAL L DANCES

It is' always dangerous for historians to commit themselves to the statement that on a particular occasion this or that happened for the first time. vVe have been reminded by Canon T. W. vVright (Matric. 1893) that the Hall Dance of 1947 was not the first to be celebrated by the H a ll. There was, in fact, a successful Commemoration Ball h eld in the Hall Quadrang le under canvas m 1895 or 1896. A Hall Dance is to tak e place in the Forum on Thursday, 15 . June. The price of a pa ir of tickets is 3ti guineas, which includes supper and breakfast. Interested Aularians no longer in residence should communicate with the Steward of the J.C.R.

O F THE

]:C .R.

OFFICERS

When R. Mclsaac went out of residence at the end of Michaelmas Term, 1948, the Rev . I. F . Church was e lected President in his place . The officers of the J .C.R . for the academic year 1949-50 are: President, the Rev. C. E. Ross; Steward, J. S. Clarke; Junior Treasurer, H. A. R. Long.

APUD LONDONIENSES T he following Aularians, listed in the order of the date of their matriculation, m et for the London Aularian Gathering and Dinner at Pinoli 's Restaurant on the evening of 11 January: The Principal, the Vice-Principal, Pr6fessor H. J. Hunt, D. G. W. Davies, E. C. Mortimer, A. B. Blaxland, H.J . T. Day, A. F. Bluett, F. A. Smalley, J . F. A. Porter, C. Lummis, E. P. Brice, L. W. Hanson, J.C. Toland, A. E. A. Sulston, R. Waye,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

A. F. Colborn, W. W. J. Bolland, E. C. R. Hadfield, M. Healey, G. S. Cansdale, G. D. Cluer, A. D. Bailey, D. A. H. Wright, C. ]. Hayes, B. E. Toland, H. Moyse-Bartlett, W. L. Herbert, J. F. Tait, vV. A. Holt, G. T. Brett, R. ]. Vaughan, I. E. N. Besley, P. H. Rogers, F. L. W. Eade, F. H. H. Finch, H. Y. Shead-Williams, G. L. H. R. Shield, J. P. Burrough, E. W. Harrison, P. A. H. Farrant, H. A. F. Radley, N. ]. Strachan, ]. S. M. Dashwood, D. G. C. Salt, J.P. de C. Meade, P. H. W. Salt, J. M. G. Halsted,' G. J. F. Brain, J. P. Janson-Smith, D. H. Piper, L. W. Vyse, Z. M. C. Lempicki, P. ]. Prior, L. Langdon, D. A. Watson, B. R. Munday, J. R. Paul, R. D.S. English, A. C. Darlow, G. Lloyd Thomas, C. D. Purves. In proposing tpe toast of Floreat Aula, the Chairman, Mr. C. F. Lummis, welcomed the guests of the evening, the Principal and Vice-Principal, assuring the latter of the gratitude of Aularians for the fine way he had carried his responsibility during the Principal's recent enforced rest from work. Of the Principal, his old tutor, he dared say nothing (laughter), save how glad all present were to see him in their midst and Âˇ back in his own inimitable form. Replying to the toast on behalf of the Vice-Principal and himself, the Principal, whose rising to speak was greeted with a loud and long ovation, expressed their pleasure at the sight of this the largest gathering by far of Aularians that had ever assembled outside Oxford. He was particularly pleased to see in the gathering D. G. W. Davies, who had matriculated in 1899, and was thus celebrating his fiftieth anniversary as an Aularian, and also of some who were still resiqent at the Hall as undergraduates. Nine was his own special number, as it had been in 1919 that he had first come to the Hall; it was in 1929 that he had become Principal; and now it was 1949Âˇ The Principal went on to speak of the problems which the recent increase in the number of those in residence at all Oxford Colleges had set the Hall authorities, and of how it was hoped soon to get back to substantially smaller numbers. Before sitting down all too soon for his audience, he also gave some sketch of the plans of the Principal and Fellows, already discussed with the Aularian Committee, as to the best form that a War Memorial Appeal could take. At the close of the evening many Aularians expressed their great satisfaction at the revival of the London Dinner. It is hoped now to make this an annual event. C.L.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

AULARIAN ASSOCIATION The revival of the London Dinner on II January, I949, gave the Executive Committee the opportunity of an additional meeting which it was quick to seize. The annual meeting at the time of the Reunion has in the last few years proved far too short for adequate discussion in v iew of the amount of business and the welcome diversity of opinion among members. At this London meeting the object of the War .Memorial Appeal was finally settled. There was a general discussion on the financial position of the Association. It was agreed to ask the General Meeting of the Association to present to the H all a portrait in orb of the Bishop 6f Dorchester. The Executive Committee met again on the !;· f~ernoon of the Reunion, 25 June. The General Meeting fo!lowed\I~2~ Pinner . The Treasurer m ade his financial statement which was ~. fepted. The •• .r Principal in comment announced that the ordinar)l.: ...J.':) ,evenue of the Association was now barely sufficient to cover the .,ncreased cost of the directory and the magazine. It was, therefhre, agreed to incr.e ase the composition fee for new memb~"rs to nine guineas. It was resolved to present to the Hall a portrait of the Bishop of Dorchester. £40 was allocated to an exhibition and £so assigned for grants to sons of Old Members . .The Principal gave an account of the progress of the War Memorial Appeal. It was agreed to retain for · the present the annual issue of the Directory, and to hold the Reunions alternately on Thursday and Saturday in' Commemoration Week. L.W.H.

THE DEDICATION OF THE WAR MEMORIAL The dedication of the Memorial Panel bearing the names of the Aularians who lost their lives in the war was carried out on Saturday; 25 June, I949· The occasion was the annual reunion of Old Members, and the act of dedication was performed by a distinguished Aularian, Dr. J. vV. C. Wand, Bishop of London. When the service began at 6.30 p.m., the Chapel was filled to overflowing with Old Members. The majority of them, appropriately, were drawn from the years to which the Aularians belonged whose sacrifice was being commemorated. The Principal and all the Fellows, and two Honorary Fellows, were in theii·

THE \!\1.-\R M EMOR 1:\L P.-\ N EL

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

stalls; and the President of the Junior Common Room, as well as a sprinkling of present undergraduates, were in the congregation. The whole company rose as the Bishop of London, escorted by the Chaplain (the Rev. J. McMa nners), entered the Chapel robed in cope and mitre, and took his seat on a throne arranged for the occasion at the north side of the sanctuary. First of all, Evening Prayer was sung according to the 'order customary at the annual reunions. Then the service of commemoration and dedication began. For the first part of it the Bishop mov~d from his throne to the front of the altar, and there, while the congr ~ gation remained standing, recalled that they were met together in the sight of God ' to remember before Him our brethren of this Hall who laid down their Jives in the recent war.' This said, he solemnly read out the names of the sixty-four Aularians to be commemorated, ending with a brief prayer for their eternal rest. A hymn was then sung (' Think, 0 Lord, in m ercy '-E.H., 356, vv. 2-4), during which the Bishop proceeded to the Ante-Chapel, where he was joined by the Principal and Fellows, the Honorary Fellows, and the President of the Junior Common Room. Standing before the P anel, he dedicated it ' to the glory of God and in honour of these our brothers,' in the name of the most Holy Trinity. After some short prayers of commendation and thanksgiving, the hymn 'The strife is o'er, the battle won' (E.H., 625, vv. r, 2 and 5) was sung, and the Bishop retraced his steps to the altar to deliver his address. He began by drawing attention to the large number of Aularians who had made the supreme sacrifice, and to the very great difference of their ages, walks of life, gifts, ideals and temperaments. Their motives, too, he said, must have varied immensely . Sometim es, no doubt, it was the thirst for adventure, sometimes the sense of boredom and frustration, sometimes love of country, and sometimes personal ambition (m any other possibilities could be imagined), which had formed. the principal strand. Even so, there was in all of them the underlying realisation of what was ultimately involved. As a result of their call to arms they had been obliged to abandon many causes that were dear to them because of the over-riding claims of the greater issues at stake. It rested with those of us who had survived the war to carry out in their stead the purposes on which they had set their hearts, and the true significance of which they now understood more fully; and in doing so we might derive inspiration from their example.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Thoughts like these, the Bishop went on to say, appropriate enough though they might be up to a point, were not in themselves distinctively Christian. They might have been voiced equally suitably in a setting far removed from the worship of Christ. In the atmosphere of Christian faith, however, the matter might be taken to a deeper level. The doctrine of the fellowship of the saints in Christ, he said, threw the most revealing light on the transactions now accomplished. As Christians we knew that, beneath sup~rficial differences of outlook and character, motive and achievement, there was an ultimate and all-important unity. By drawing near to Christ, we drew near to one another and to the faithful departed who had offered the sacrifice of their lives. Christ was the centre, the focal. point, at which the souls of believing Christians' enjoyed a fellowship transcending death. After the address, the Latin hymn of St. Edmund was sung to its traditional music. Some of the verses seemed strangely fitting tu the occasion, with their reference to St. Edmund 's resistance to the tyrants of his day, and to his steadfast refusal to compromise with injustice. To end the service, the Bishop read the collect for _\(_; St. Edmund's Day from the altar, and gave his blessing to the c ongregation'. J.N.D.K.

THE REUNION, 1949

HE R eunion took place on Saturday, 25 June, 1949. After the dedication of the War Memorial, dinner was served in Hall. The following accepted the invitation to be present:

J . B. Allan, the Rev . Canon D. Armytage, G. S. Bessey, Major-General A. B. Blaxland, J. F . Bleasdale, M. H. A. Boyd, G. J. F. Brain, G . R. Brewis, D. M. M. Carey, A. R. Clark, A. F. Colborn, the R ev. S. Cox, H. J. T. Day, D. K. D. Dixey, the Right Rev . the Bishop of Dorchester, the Rev. A. R. DuncanJones, M. C. English, G. A. Forrest, N . Frangiscatos, L. W. Hanson, C. J. Hayes, \V. L. Herbert, J. F. Hester, the R ev . Canon L. Hodgson, Professor H.J. Hunt, H . C. Ingle, G. S. Keen, A . W. Keith-Steele, C. Lummis, J. P. de C. Meade, C. Mounsey, Lt.-Col. H. Moyse-Bartlett, S. F. P a rsons, the Rev. J. E. T . Phillips, C. D. Purves, H.K. Pusey, F. R . Rawes, the Rev. J. S . !Reynolds, the Rev. G. Sayle, T. M. S chuller, G. L. H. R. Shield,

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE R. C. Thomas, the Rev. R. N. R. Wylie.

Vaughan, W. Wallace, R. Waye,

The dinner was in the Manciple's best style. The menu cards were back again. But these were small pleasures compared with the joy at h aving the Principal present, restored to health and in his best vein. He was given an overwhelming r eception when he rose to propose the toast of Floreat A ula. The Principal said that he was delighted not to have defaulted again. Last year his enforced holiday had not entirely removed him from matters Aularian. He had spent part of the summer investigating the domestic habits of the Cornish chough. The past year had seen the revival of the London dinner and the issue of the first post-war Magazine. It would be memorable for the dedication of the ~Tar Memorial which they had just witnessed. The Hall was grossly inflated in numhers. Its strength was now 240 and would be more in October, when So freshmen were expected. It was hoped tha t there would be a gradual recession from this peak, but the p ermanent result was to be seen in the fact that there were now 1 ,6oo past and present members of the Hall, compared with 500 in 1925. It was not now possible to invite all old members to each 'Reunioh, but the revival of the London dinner had provided another Aularian occasion, and it was hoped that the provincial dinners might be restarted. The increase in numbers meant physical expansion. Unfortunately the conversion of the Masonic Building, the main lease of which the Hall acquired during the war, might be long deferred, as two Masonic Lodges held sub-leases, of equal length with the head lease, which entitled them to periodical use of the premises. But some means of expansion somewhere would b e devised. D espite the present sizeÂˇ of the Hall, the Principal was confident that the unity of its life continued. It was manifest in many ways and not least in the various successes of the Boat Club in Torpids, at Marlow and at Henley. They mourned the loss of Canon Ollard, who as Vice-Principal had shown unflinching loyalty to the Hall and was largely instrumental in preserving its independence. The spirit of lasting comradeship which Canon Ollard had fost ered had been echoed in many instances during the war. It was one of the privileges of the Association to strengthen and preserve this spirit. L.W.H.

ST. E DMUND HALL MAGAZINE

WAR MEMORIAL APPEAL

HERE is printed below the full text of the War Memorial Appeal tha t was circulated to Aulari a ns and fri ends of t he Hall earlier in the year. It may in this way reach the eyes of some who have fa iled to .receive a copy of it befo re, and may come as a gentle remi nder to some who have intended to Âˇ make a contribution but have so far omitted to do so. For the benefit of the latter I should point out that the Executive Commit tee of the Aularian Association has decided that the Appea l should be closed at the end of June next. I hope that by then it will be found that the response made to it has been full and representative, even thoug h these days Âˇ individual contribu tions mus t often necessarily b e small.

APPEAL IT will be the w ish , we feel sure, of all Aularians and friends of the Hall to commemorate wor~hily w it hin its walls thooe of its members w ho gave their lives during the late vVar. The toll suffered by the H a ll was a heavy one indeed : sixty-four Aularians in a ll. Provision needs first to be made fo r a memorial that will , fittin g ly record the names of these sixty-four Aularians for whom the H a ll proudly mourns. Their names, it has been decided , shall ~ be inscribed on the large oak panel on t he r ight hand side of the Screen in the Ante-chapel, b eside the sm a ller panel t ha t records the names of their twenty predecessors who gave their lives in the First vVorld W ar . The letter ing for this panel is being executed by Mr. H. T yson-Smith , of whose skilled work there are a lready several examples in Oxford . There will be a keen desi re, we believe, to raise, in conjunction with this person a l memorial, ano ther of a more general character that will remind future gen erations of Aularia ns of the high and lasting regard in which these members of the Hall and the cause fo r which they died were held by those w ho knew them he re . . The mos t appropriate m emorial for this purpose will be one that is best calculated to give some added academic resource a_nd attractivenes" to .t he Hall itself . It happens that the project of a vVar Memorial for the Hall coincides with the pressing need of replenishing its open Exhibitions with which the Hall is confronted. U pon the open awards that a college is able to offer depends in a la rge measure the quality of its academic standards. Since 1913 the main support for th e provision of open Exhibitions by the Hall has been the statutory contribution of ÂŁ300 a year made by Queen's College. vVhen the Hall was granted full freedom in 1937 , the College generously agreed to continue this

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

contribution for fifteen years more . In 1952, therefore, this substantial source of subvention comes to an end. Moreover, the Hall not only needs to make good this imminent loss, but also to add to the number of subjects for which it is able to offer open awards. Since the Ministry of Education decided to supplement in Ox·· ford and Cambridge all open college awards of the annual value of £40 and upwards by contributing whatever sum m ay be needed to bring them up to the value of State Scholarships, the open Exhibitions of £40 offered by the Hall have been very substantially increased in value . There is good reason, too, for believing that i.f the number of such exhibitions were to be multiplied, the Ministry would augment them also. We are confident, therefore, that there is no more appropriate fo rm that a War Memorial in the Hall could take than the establishment of a vVar Memorial Fund which should be employed to provide the Hall with open scholarships and exhibitions, to be des ignated ' War Memorial Scholarships or Exhibitions." In commemoration, therefore, of those Aularians who gave . their lives for freedom in the late War we set before Members and friends of the Hall the possibility of raising a War Memorial Fund that will set a seal upon the efforts made over many years to secure for the Hall its own survival and freedom . I make this appeal on behalf of the members of the Executive Committee of th e Aularian Association who have given it their unanimous appr011al. A. B. EMDEN, PRINCIPAL

President of the Aularian Association

RESPONSE Th ere are three a lternat ive ways of making respon se to this .-\ppea l. I. DO NATION. If you wi sh your contribution to take the form of a single gift, a cheque should be m ade out to ST. EDMl'ND H ALL WAR MEMORIAL an d se nt to the Hon. Treasurer, \Var Memori a l Fund, St. Edmund Hall. Oxford. " .DE E D OF COVENANT. You m ay feel , on th e other hand, that by taking adva ntage of the system of seven-year covenants you can make a larger contribution than you could, under present-day circumstances, by making a si ngle donation. In entei"ing into a Seven-Year Covenant, whatever sum you decid e to give is spread over seven annual contributions, a nd, as the Aularian Association is able to recl a im tax on a legal Deed of Covenant, every £1 contributed (at the present rate of income-tax) is equivalent to a gift of £2 towards the Appeal. If you wish to h elp the Appeal in this way, you should sign the D eed of Covena nt and the Banker 's Order. 3. BAN KER'S ORDER. A contribution by banker's order without a covena nt gains no exemption from tax: your £1 will remain £1 ; but it has this to commend it. It is a r ecurrent source of in com e for the Appeal, but it is revocable :it. any titn e.

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W. E. Alderson, £6 6s. ; J. B. Allan, £5; Anonymous, £J; *L. D. A. Baron, £s; *R. 0. Barritt,-£2 2s.; *H. P. D. Beales, £2; T. R. Beatty, £1; A. E. Bell, £5 5s.; E. J. Bowden, £5 5s.; E. J. Brain, 10s. 6d.; G. R. Brewis, £5 5s.; E. P. Brice, £s 5s.; R. F. Burnett, £10; *Rev. A. S. Chandler, £1 1s.; R. A. Chell, £1; *D. J. Cockle, £1; A. B. Codling, £2 2s.; T. R. H. Cuff, £s 5s.; W. F. Cummings, £1 1s.; tD. K. Daniels, £5; J. S. M. Dashwood, £I IS.; J. R. E. Davies, £1 IS.; Rev. S. A. C. Dickens, 10s. 6d.; *D. K. D. Dixey, £2 2s.; J. L. Dixon, £2 2s.; Rev. M. F. G. Donovan, £1 1s.; Bishop of Dorchester, £5 5s.; Rev. F. R. Edmonds, £1 1s.; J.M. Edmonds, £1; A. B. Emden, £100; M. C. English, £1; Rev. vV. G. Fallows, £2 2s.; R. Fell, £1; Rev. E. S. Ferris, £5 os. 6d.; *N . G. Fisher, £J JS.; J. F. Fletcher-Cooke, £10; *D. Floyd, £10; *G. A. Forrest, £5; M. C. Foster, £J JS.; Lt.-Col. F. H. Frankcom, £1 1s.; Rev. P. M. Gabb, £I IS.; W. W. E. Giles, £4 4s.; P. W. Glover, £1 1s.; S. N. Godfrey, £2 2s.; tRev. H. Godwin, £1; C. Grayson, 10s. 6d.; *R . J. Griffith, £1; N. Gulley, £1; E. C. R. Hadfield, £5; Rev. T. P. Hamerton, £2 2s.; L. W . Hanson, £5; Canon R. H. Hawkins, £3 JS.; *C . J. Hayes, £2; E. F. Hayes, · £I; *Rev. J. C. E. Hayter, 10s.; Rev. M. M. Hennell, £2 2s .; Rev. T. D. C. Herbert, £5 5s.; *C. de N. Hill, £5; *J. L. Hill, £10; *W. N. Hillier-Fry, £1 1s.; *A. B. Hodgson, £5; *Canon L. Hodgson, £1; *Rev. J. H. Hodson, 15s.; Major J. F. Hopkinson, £10; B. R. Hovenden, £1 1s.; Professor H.J. Hunt, £5; H. C. Ingle, £Joo; Rev. W. A. W. Ja'r vis, £10; M. F. Jerrom, £J; D. V. Johnson, £I 10s.; P. N. V. Keep, £2 2s .; A. W. Keith-Steele, £1 1s. ; P. J. Kelly, £I Is.; G. Wilson Knight, £2 2s.; R. D. Paine, £2 2s.; *J.C . Palmer, £1; Rev. R. M. Parker, £1 1s.; E. P. Payne, £J JS.; R. W. Ellis Pearso~, £2 2s .; D. P. W. Pegg, £1; S. V. Peskett, £2 2s.; D. F. Perry, £1; Rev. N. A. Perry-Gore, £1 1s. ·; H. A. Phillips, £2 2s.; R. Phillips, £5; Rev. J. E.T. Phillips, £1; *J. L. Pinniger, £2; Rev. K. R. Prebble, £1; E. G. Price, £21; C. D. Purves, £2; H. K. Pusey, £5; Rev. R.· G. Pusey, £I 1s.; *Rev. Canon C. Leeper, £1 1s.; D. D. Lees, £1; Rev. H. Livesey, £1 1s.; G. Lloyd-Thomas, £J; *C. Lummis, £J; *M . A. McCanlis, £3; Rev. N. E. McCurry, 10s.; Rev. J. McManners, £5; P. C. McNaught, £1 IS.; D. S. Madge, £1; H. S. Mathias, £1; H. A. Maxwell, £2; H. D. Meredith, £1 1s.; Rev. H. J. Miller, £5; *C. A. Morgan, £1 1s.; Rev. E. G. Mortimer, £1 1s.; *L. P . Mosdell, £1; R. F. Moss, £1 1s .; Mrs. A. B.

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Mould, £2; Lt.-Col. H. Moyse-Bartlett, £5 5s.; W. E. D. Nicolas, 5s.; M. S. Orchard, £2; N. J. Ovenden, £2 2s.; G. D. Ramsay, £5 5s.; F. R. Rawes, £2; Canon P. G. Reddick, £2 2s.; Rev. E. Reid, £2; E. F. Ridout, £ro; *Rev. P.H. Rogers, £I; Rev. S. H. Rumst;y, 5s.; Rev. H.J. A. Rusbridger, £I; *B. J. Rushby-Smith, £I Is.; *R.R. Rylands, £I; *D. E. C. Salt, £r; P. H. W. Salt, £5 5s.; S. Salter, £3; The Ven. A. Sargent, £2 2s.; J.M. Schuller, £2 2s.; I. Serraillier; ros. 6d.; *B. Seton, £I; Major J. C. C. Shapland, £I IS.; Rev. R. Shepheard, £I; Rev. Canon F. J. J. Shirley, £25; Rev. Professor D. C. Simpson, £5; P. G. Smart, £I IS.; Rev. A. E. Smith, £1; J. F. G. Sootheran, £I IS.; *C. J. H. Starey, £I; Rev. A. F. A. Sulston, £I Is.; Rev. M. E. H. Suter, £5 5s.; Rev. D. R. Tassell, £I Is. ·; tD. M. Thomas, £I; L. H. C. Thomas, £I; *R. C. Thomas, £ro; *L. Thorpe, £I IS.; C. F. Todd, £2; "'·B. E. Toland, £I; Mrs. E. M. Tonks, £5; *P. J. Toogood, £3 3s.; J. C. Townsend, £I Is.; Rev. M. H. Tupper, £I IS.; Rev. R. J. Vaughan, £2 4s.; L. W. Vyze, £r; J. J. G .. Walkinton, £3; R, Waye, £s; Rev. I. F. F. vVebb, £I IS.; Very Rev. E. R. vVelles, £I 2s. gd.; A. Westaway, £5; *R. B. White, £I; Rev. B. W. Whitlow, £5; E. B. Wood, £I; H. Wood, £ro; *T. G. C. Woodford, £I; *P. A. I. vVorner, £2; E. L. \Vright, £2 2s.; Total, £874 I5S. 3d. 7<· = 7ryear Covenant; t =Banker's Order. Mr. Roger Burnett (Matric. I933) is keeping a ' free place,' at his flourishing preparatory school at Seascale, Cumberland, in memory of his brother, Lieut. George Mi.chael Burnett, R.A., who was killed in Tunisia in I943, and would be glad to hear at any time of any sons of Aularians killed in the War for whom a preparatory boarding school is wanted.

OBITUARY SIDNEY LESLIE OLLARD For its survival as a separate academic society St. Edmund Hall owes no greater debt to anybody than to the Rev. Canon Sidney Leslie Ollard, D.Litt., M.A., F.S.A., who died at his new home in Datchet on Monday, 2 March, aged 73, within a few months of his resignation of his canonry in St. George's, Windsor. Ollard came of an East Anglian family: his father was a solicitor at Wisbech. From Aldenham School he entered St. John's College in 1894 as a Casberd Exhibitioner, and became a Casberd

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Scholar after one year of residence. The Presid,e nt o( St. John's at that time was a notable Norfolk figure, Dr. Bellamy. With hi:; tutor, the Rev. W. H. Hutton, subsequently Dean of Winchester, Ollard formed a life-long friendship. Historian of the Laudian Church, Hutton imparted to Ollard all his concern and veneration for the High Anglican tradition. At Oxford Ollard began to read widely..,.--- perhaps too widely- in historical and antiquarian subjects; and those who knew his worth shared his disappointment at his ' second' in the History Schools in 1896. After preparing .for Holy O~ders at Ely Theological College he was ordained deacon in 1899 and priest in 1900. ' His first curacy was served at Holy Trinity, Hastings. In 1902 he joined the staff of the Christ Church, Oxford, Miss.i on at Poplar ~n East London. A year after his arrival in Poplar an invitation, prompted by his frienps in St. John's, was extended to him by Dr. 'Moore, Principal of the Hall, to become Vice-Principal. Gladdened by the prospect of a return to Oxford and academic studies, Ollard accepted. He had hardly entered upon his duties as Vice-Principal when Dr.. Moore was appointed by the Crown to a residentiary canonry in Canterbury Cathedral, and consequently expressed his intention of resigning forthwith the principalship. This intention ~n the part of Dr. Moore set in motion activities among members of the Governing Body of the Queen's College for putting into operation the recommendation of the Royal Commission Âˇ on the University of 1877 for the absorption of St. Edmund Hall in Queen's on the next voidance of the principalship. As soon as Dr. Moore learned that the U niversii:y was to be asked by Queen's to approve this course he decided to withhold his resignation and stay and put up the best fight he could for the preservation of the identity of the Hall. At this juncture Ollard was offered one of the best endowed livings in the gift of his old college. But the Hall had even in that short space of time insinuated itself into his affection and he resolved to stand to and help organise the defence. This is not the plate to record the story of the long dr.awn-out struggle of ten years' duration that was waged before the issue was finally settled in favour of the Hall. Dr. Moore continued as titular Principal until .v ictory was won, but his obligations as a canon of Canterbury, and as a rector of Gatcombe, in the Isle of Wight (at that time annexed to the principalship) necessitated his absence from Oxford for considerable periods. Upon Ollard largely devolved the administrative care

Photo: l .enare, Ltd.

SIDNEY LESLLE

OLT~ARD,

D. LI TT., M.A.

HONORARY FELLOW OF THE H ALL V1cE - PR 1Nc1P1\ L, 1903- 13 CA:->ON OF ST. GEORGE'S, \ l\f JNDSOR, 1936-48

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of the Hall and its small community of undergraduates. It was in great m easure due to his i11fluence and attraction that, notwithstanding the unpredictable position in which the Hall stood as regards its future, the number of its undergraduate members steadily increased. Under his cherishing a renaissance of the Hall had set in. During these busy years he laid the foundation of his reputation as an historian of the Oxford Movement, and, in conjunction with Mr. G. Cross, planned and edited the Dictionary of English Church History, a second edition of which was published shortly before h e died. H e was a lso a contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography and to the Cambridge History of English Literature. In his The Six Students of St. Edmund Hall he made, too, a contribution to Aularian history. By 1913 all fears for the survival of the Hall had been removed and the security of new protective statutes assured. Dr. Moore decided, therefore, that the way was now clear for him to carry his deferred resignation into effect. As a chief protagonist in the Hall's struggle for survival Ollard h ad b een too prominently concerned in a controversy that h ad generated not a little heat for it to be expected that the Governing Body of Queen's, which then had the right of appointment, would offer the principalship to him, richly though he deserved it. But at this juncture Ollard 's fortunes took another turn. He became engaged to Miss Mary Ward, daughter of the Rev. T. C. Ward: at that time matrimony and the vice-principalship were incompatible. In 1914 he left the Hall which he had come so greatly to love and for which he had laboured indefatigably, and became a country rector; for one year at Dunsfold in Surrey and for one and twenty years at Bainton in the Yorkshire Wolds. Happily, Ollard as a country rector was not lost in rurality. In the year before he resigned the vice-principalship he had been made an honorary Canon of Worcester in recognition of his services as an examining chaplain to. the Bishop. While he was at Bainton he was examining chaplain first to Archbishop Lang and then to Archbishop Temple. He was a Proctor in the Northern Convocation from 1921 to 1936. H e was constantly in request as a preacher and lecturer up and down the country. He wrote and reviewed largely for The Church Times and other papers. His early work on the history of the O xfo rd Movement, begun while he was at the Hall, was amplified and took final shape in The AngloCatholic Revival, published in 1925. He also, with the Rev. P. C.

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Walker, edited for the Yorkshire Archaeological Society the visitation returns for 1743 of Archbishop ~erring. But at the same time he attended with affection to the needs of his country parishioners. An accomplished ecclesiologist, he left Bainton church- known locally as the 'Cathedral of the Wolds '-an admirable example of a fine church well cared for. On his journeys south for meetings of the Church Assembly Ollard visited the Hall from time to time, but it was at Bainton that I first came to know him in the ha:ppy company of his wife and family of four sons, with their dogs and horses and all the other proper appurtenances of life in the country, and in the setting of a college rectory house of large proportions, with more rooms than his study bulging with laden book-cases, and of a spacious garden dignified with uncommon trees planted by previous incumbents from St. John's College. Here with delightful geniality and with an unfailing resource of reminiscence and a rare range of antiquarian scholarship this large and lovable host would amuse and instruct his guests. vVhether they happened fifty or a hundred or more years ago did not matter, all his stories seemed to come alive. A scrupulous particularity, an infectious relish in telling gave an alivenes.s and a vintage quality to them, whether they were of oollege presidents, of eminent Tractarians or of Hanoverian deans. It was to be expected that his friends and his family should be apt again and agai~ to draw on his seemingly endless repertoire. In 1936 Ollard was released from the remoteness of the Wolds and took up residence in the Little Cloister in Windsor Castle as a Canon of St. George's. The historic environment of this noble royal foundation was to his liking: he soon set to work to help plan the series of learned publications concerning the great Chapel and those who have served it, which the Friends of St. George's are . sponsoring . . It was hoped that, freed from parochial responsibilities, he might be able to devote himself to the fulfilment of some of the larger literary undertakings that he had on the stocks. But the outbreak of war and, later, the gradual failure of his health, for he was never a really robust man, made this impossible. And, in any case, it may be doubted whether it was not his particular metier to communicate his stores of knowledge, to encourage and to infuse, by conversation and by letter (for he took endless pains to satisfy the historical enquiries of correspondents). His many friends and his family would indeed have been the poorer if he had withdrawn himself for long periods of studious solitude. He might

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have been Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History 111 his old Vniversity, but he had no wish to put himself again into academic harness. Few men, if a ny, in his generation had made themselves more fully conversant of the history and practice of the Church of England and of its ministers than h e had. Seated in his study he loved to range freely over the past , as some chance allusion might lead him; but never boringly, never bookishly . Even with the growth of physical disability, the playfulness and humour that characterised him, continued to give spice and sparkle to his conversation. In his faith a devout and humble man, a staunch high churchman, he exemplified in his own standards and practice the teaching of the Tractarians whose memory he reverenced and did so much by his own writing and preaching to keep green. Among his earthly ties and loyalties, none, after his love for his family, was stronger than his affection for the Hall. May grateful memory of him never fade within its walls. A.B.E. HARRY CHARLES INGLE Alderman Harry Charles Ingle, M.A., died at his home, 27 Capel Place, Summertown, Oxford, after a short illness on 22 October, aged 79. By his departure the Hall loses a most loyal Aularian and a most generous benefactor. Ingle was the son of a former headmaster of Summertown School. Born in Oxford and educated a t the City of Oxford School, he was staunchly devoted to the city and its welfare. As a boy he was early brought into association with the University and served for a little time in a junior capacity on the staff of the Bodleia n. But, owing to the necessity for him to earn a steady livelihood as soon as possible, he was obliged to set aside his ambition to rea d for a degree. Instead he joined the clerical staff of the Westminster Bank and yventually becalpe chief clerk of its Oxford branch. It w as when he was well established in this post and the First World War was at an end that he decided to indulge his former ambition to enter the Univer.sity, and was accepted for admission to the Hall in 1919. In due course he qualified for his degree, meanwhile exercising, as often as Âˇhis professional preoccupations allowed , his privileges as an Aularian of attending chapel services on Sunday and of dining in hall. So reluctant was he to leave Oxford that his Bank had difficul ty in persuading him to accept a managership; but in 1924 he consented and was appointed manager

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of the Bank's bran ch office at Wokingham, and there .remained until his retirement after 42 years in the Bank's service. Back once again in Oxford he used the leisure of retirement to engage actively in municipal affairs. Elected in 1934 to the City Council as a member for the Summertown \i\Tard, he quickly won the regard of his colleagues, irrespective of party, for his singlehearted devotion to the ci ty's well-being and for his conscientiousness and common-sense, and was, therefore, appointed to serve on a large number of the standing commit ~ ees of the Council. In 1943 he was elected Mayor. With the sympathetic support of his wife he discharged his mayoral duties, under difficult war-time conditions, with a warm-hearted thoroughness that won for him fitting recognition when four years later he was made an Alderman of the city. As the first Aularian to hold the historic office of Mayor of Oxford he was entertained as guest of honour on the occasion of the dinner in hall on St. Edmund 's D ay shortly after he had assumed office. Both in his civic and in his private capacity Ingle took a deep interest in, the better provision of educational and recreational facilities for young people. He was a Governor of the City Schools of Arts and Technology, of the City of Oxford School, and of Westfield School, and was President of the• Summertown Football Club. In 1932 by a gift of £1,000 he founded an Open Exhibition in the Hall. It was characteristic of his solicitude for the Hall and of his fin ancial alertness that this summ er he should have added a further sum of £300 when he discovered that, owing to the conversion of stocks to lower rates of interest, the endowment of the Exhibition Fund that bears his name was no longer producing enough to support an award of the annual value of £40. Throughout his life he bore unfailing witness to his loyalty as a churchman. He took a keen interest in historic architecture in England and abroad. But in his estimation and affection no city stood higher than Oxford. Fortunate the visitor for whom he acted as a guide. Somewhat staid in demeanour, but inwardly instinct with friendly humour, he could not fail to impress those who met him with his complete sincerity and single-mindedness. Helpful and accessible to all who sought to enlist his interest or to obtain his advice, he was a sage counsellor and an unfailing friend. Since the inception of the Aularian Association he acted as its honorary a uditor, and regularly attended its gatherings. To his

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pr:evious generous benefaction he has, by his will, added most me:morable evidence of his regard for the Hall a nd its welfare. He w ill certainly be gratefully remembered within its walls as one of its benefactors. H e richly m erits recollection, too, as a shining example of one who· was never happier than when he was rendering voluntary, service for the public .weal. A.B.E. ALBERT FERDINAND GABRIEL CHRISTIE The Rev. Albert F erdinand Gabriel Chris tie, M.A., died on 13 July 1948. H e entered the Hall in Michaelmas Term 1915, and was one of the little band of Aularians who, being excused on account of medical disability as unfit for military service, helped to maintain the tenuous link of undergraduate . life within the H all during the First World W a r. On graduation in 1918 illness for some years obliged him to postpone further preparation for taking Holy Orders ; but he was eventually able to proceed to Cuddesdon College and was ordained d~acon in 1922, priest in 1924. He was, first, a curate at Holy Trinity, Winchester, and then at St. Paul's, Weymouth. In 1926 he became Vicar of East Orchard, with St. Margaret's Marsh, Dorset, moving to Fleet,. in the sam e county, in the following year. Ten years la.t er he moved to the neighbouring rei;;tory of W est ChickerdL The shadow of ill-health which overlay him never seemed to daunt or depress him. He always w ~nt about his work with a quiet ardour and fri endly earnestness. A.B.E. GRAHAM ROSE KERR A tragedy as shocking as it was unexpected was the death of Graham Rose K err on the night of 19 March. The motor-car in which he was returning to Oxford from the University match at Twickenham with a party of friends , doctors and nurses from the Radc.Jiffe Infirm a ry, became involved in a collision . Several were killed, a nd Graham Kerr himself was taken, fatally injured, , to the Infirmary, where he died shortly afterwards. What made the disaster the more poignant was the fact that ·it took place within but a short dista nce of his home in Lonsdale Road. Graham Kerr came to the H all from Segar's House, St. Edward's School, ' in 1945 · Althoug h just under eighteen at the time, he experienced not the least difficulty in holding his own in a society composed mainly of ex-service men much older than himself. A medical stud ent, he passed his S econd B .M . in Hilary

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Term 1948, and took his B.A. degree in June of that year. At the same time, despite his preoccupation with the Medical School, he showed great versa ~ ili ty in sport, winning his Rugby colours and swimming- for the Hall in the season 1945-6. It was on the river, however, that he won his greatest successes. Tall a nd goodlooking, with the typical figure of an oarsman, he proved an inva luable member of the First Torpid and the First Eight. In 1947-8 h e rowed in Junior Trial Eights, and there were those who predicted fur ther honours for him. Graham K err had embarked on his clinical training and was working in th e wards of the R adcli ffe Infirmary . His enthusiasm for his future profession, and his interest in the scientific side of medicin e. were at their height. In the eyes of those who knew him he was maturing rapidly, and gave every promise of developing into a fine doctor. Y ~t he still retained th e hig h spirits and infectious gaiety, the b oyish eagerness and friendliness, which were among his most attractive feat ures . A ma n of character and individuality, he was the ideal companion for a ny enterprise calling for improvisation and cheerful comradeship. All these qua lities , and side by side w ith them the sense of the seriousness of life which sprang from his unpretentious Christian faith, m a ke his memory dear to his friends and, above a ll, to his fam.ily. , J.N.D .K.

DE FORTUNIS AULARIUM The Rev. Dr. Austin F arrer (Chaplain and Tutor 1930-5) is to be congratulated on another importa nt book from his energetic pen : A Re-birth of Images. Mr. G. W. H. Adcock has been a ppo inted assis:ant master at As hv ille College, Harrogate. · The Rev. H. M. Ainscow has been appointed Vicar of Abbots Ke rswell , . Exeter. Mr . D. B. Akehurst has . been appointed assistant to the Secretary of Messrs . E . M . Denny Ltd. The R ev. J . B. Arlidge has been appointed assista nt priest at Benchill , \iVithamshawe . Dr. \ i\! . E. Alderson is Assistan t D erma tolog is·t at Bradford Hospital. Mr. A . Arthur has been ·appointed ari executive trainee with Messrs. Shannon Ltd ., of N ew Mald en , Surrey.

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Mr. H. Beresford Barrett and his wife have inaugurated a finishing :school for girls in domestic science and farming at Crocnaraw, Moyard, Co. Galway. Mr. A. J. Beck has been appointed assistant master at the City of Norwich School. Dr. A. E. Bell has been appointed Head of the Science Department, Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Mr. J. D. M. Bell has been appointed Lecturer in Modern Economic History in the University of Glasgow. Mr. J. E. N. Besley is to be congratulated on his appointment as Headmaster of Hamond's Grammar Schoel, Swaffham, Norfolk. Mr. G. S. Bessey is to be congratula '.ed on his appointment as Director of Education for Cumberland. Mr. R. A. Bishop has been appointed an Agricultural Economist in the Ministry of Agriculture. Mr. P. P. Eloy is at Wells Theological College. Mr. M. S. Bradfield has been appointed a trainee with Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst & Lee Ltd. Mr. H. Bradley has been appointed a trainee in the overseas department Âˇ of l.C.I. (Dyestuffs Division). The Rev. G. T. Brett has been appointed Vicar of High Wycombe, Bucks. Mr. C. Broadhead has been promoted Personnel Manager of the Imperial Tobacco Co. Ltd. Mr. W. E. Brook has been appointed a lecturer on the staff of the British Council in Greece. Mr. D. M. Brooks has been appointed a trainee with Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst & Lee L td. Mr. N. S. Broome has been appointed a trainee with the Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust, Manchester. Mr. B. T. Buckle is reading for the Bar Final Examination in London. The Rev. C. E. Burkitt has resigned the rectory of Thwlestone, S. Devon, and gone to live at Chalford, Stroud, Glos. Mr. D. H. Burt has been appointed assistan z master at the King's School, Macclesfield. Mr. J.B. Burtt has been appointed Assistant Intelligence Officer, Pest Control Section, l.C.1., JÂŤ<alott's Hill Agricultural Research Station, nr. Maidenhead. The Rev. M. J. D. Carmichael has returned from South Africa to become Vice-Principal of St. Stephen's House, Oxford.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE r: Mr. J. M. Carr is working for a research degree in Geology at "the University of Durham. The Rev. I. F. Church has been appointed to the staff of Cuddesdon College. Mr. A. R. Clark has been appointed an assistant master at Whitgift Middle School, Croydon. Mr. A. T. Clark is reading for the Diploma of Education at the :University of Durham. Mr. D. G. Clarke has been appointed an .assistant master at Clifton College. Mr. H. Cloke has been appointed Headmaster of the High School for Boys, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. Mr. R. S. Cooke has been appointed a production manageme.nt trainee with. Thos. Hedley & Co. Ltd. Mr. T. A. B. Corley has been appointed a Temporary Assistant Principal in the Ministry of National Insurance. Mr. F _. W. Cosstick has been appointed to the staff of Besse et ·Compag·nie and is at present in Mogadishu. · Mr. K. G. Coulthard has been appointed assistant master at :St. Peter's, York . . Mr. R. P. H. Davies has been appointed to the staff of the British Council in Hungary and is at Buda-Pesth. T~~ Rev, M. W. Dittmer has been appointed Priest-in-Charge <0f th'e 'conventional district of St. Francis, Lockleaze, Bristol. Mr. IR . G. N. Drury, Colonial Police Service, is stationed at Dar-es-Salaam. Mr. D. H. Duruty has joined the staff of the· Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Inglesia in Rio de Janeiro. Mr. J. H. A. Eames has been appointed assist ant master at 'Kingshott, St. Ippolyts, Hitchin. ' . Mr. L. H. Elliott has been appointed assistant master at West'inii:lster City School. Mr. M. C. English has joined the Colonial Educational Service ·:and is stationed in Nigeria. Mr. R. D. H: Evans, Iraq Petroleum Co. Ltd., is stationed in ·Damascus. Mr : B. C. Eyles has been appointed a trainee with the United ,British Africa Company . . Mr. N. G. Fisher is to be congratulated on 'his appointment, as Chief Education Officer for Manchester. The Rev. R. French has been appointed Rural Dean . of- Hamp~ stead.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Mr. A. A. J. Foster has been appointed assistant master, at : the City of Norwich School. Mr. M,_ C. Foster has been appointed assistant master, at Farnham Grammar School. Mr, W. N. H. Fry has been transferred to the British Embassy, Tehran. ' Mr. P. A. Garrett has been appointed an assistant master a~ the Lyd:e des Gan;:ons, Montauban, Tarne et Garonne. The Ven. J. Godber has retired from , West Tarring, Sussex, where he had been rector for twenty-one years. Mr. J. S. Galland has been appointed assistant master at the King's School, P'ontefract. Mr. E. M. Goodman-Smith has been articled to Vivash,, Robinson & Co., Solicitors, Clement's Inn, W.C.2. Mr. G. Harper King has been appointed assistant master at Ashville College, Harrogate. The Rev. W. P. Head has been appointed curate of St. John the Baptist's, Beeston, Nottingham. Mr. M. Healey has been appointed Borough Education Officer for Southgate, Middlesex. The Rev. T. D. C Herbert has been appointed Deputy Assistant Chaplain-General, Mid-West Division, Shrewsbury. Âˇ Dr., D. G. T . Hicks has obtained the qualification of M.R.C.P. Mr. R. L. Hill is to be congratulated on his .appointment ak Lecturer in Near Eastern History, University of Durham. Mr. R. Hiscocks has relinquished his appointment as chief representative of the British Council in Austria and has gone' out to Madras to organize its work in S. India. Mr. G. L. Hodgson is to be congratulated on his appointment ' as Demonstrator in the Department Of Agriculture at Oxford. The Rev. J. H. Hodson has been appointed Rural De~n of Helmsley. The Right Rev. R. L. Hodson, Bishop of Shrewsbury, has been appointed Provost of the Midland Division of the Woodard Schools. Mr. B. H. Hoiland has been appointed to the publicity department of The News Chronicle and Star newspapers. ' Lieut.-Col. A. C. Hordern, The Warwickshire Regt., is stationed at H.Q., Hamburg Sub-Area, B.A.O.R. The Rev . R. ,L. Hordern, D.A.C.G. ,; is stationed at H.Q., 3rd Infantry Brigade, M.E.L.F. 12.

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Mr. H.J. Hough has been appointed assistant master at Queen Elizabeth School, Gainsborough. Mr. J. E. G. Howarth has been appointed commercial secretary to H. M arriott~ Co. Ltd., Manchester. Mr. T. 0. Hoyle is at Chichester Theological College. Mr. D. G. Hurs t has been appointed a trainee with the Employers' Liability Assurance Corporation Ltd. Mr. G. S. J ackson has been a ppointed assistant master at P almer's School, Grays, Essex. Mr. J. P. J anson-Smith has been appointed in charge of the foreign department of Curtis Brown Ltd., international publishing bureau . The Rev . R. Jeans has been appointed curate of St. Aidan's, West H artlepool. Mr. Alan Jenkins has to his c redi t a lively first novel, A bsent With out Lea ve , published by H einemann Ltd. Mr. J. H. Sefton Jenkins has been promoted Senior Customs Officer, N. Johore. Mr. M. Johnson is an a ssistant master at Woking County School. Mr. IE. LI. Jones passed the Final Examination of the Law Society in Ma rch. Mr. W : H. Jowsey has been appointed assista nt master at K ing J a mes's Grammar School, Knaresborough. Mr . G. Kei th-Steele is a partner in the firm of Sprott & Sons, Solicitors, Oxted, Surrey. â&#x20AC;˘ Mr. J. W. King has become a partner with his brothe r in the firm of Berna rd, King & So, Solicitors, Stourbridge. Mr. M. G. Knight has been appointed assistant master at Hill School, N uwa ra E liya, Ceylon. ' Dr. L. B. Knoll on his return to South Africa has taken up an a ppointment as executive eng ineer with South African Farm Implem ent Manufacture Ltd. Professor G. P. W. Lamb has been appointed to the Chair of Economics in the University of Georg ia. Mr. P. Lang horne ha s been appointed second master at the Prepa ratory School, Seascale, Cumberland, of which Mr. Roger Burnett is H eadmaster. Mr. J. F. Lavender ha s been appointed assistant master at St. .Peter's, York . Mr. H. G. Llewellyn has been appointed Branch Manager for Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd. at Dar-es-Salaam.

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Mr. P. S . Leathart has been appointed in charge of the Gurkha contingent of the Singapore Police Force. Mr. J. Lukasiewicz has been appointed to the Export Department of the In te rnational Chemica'ls Corporation. Mr. T. C . Luke has ret urned to Sierra Leone to take up an appointment in the Education Department. Mr. J. S. McAdam has been appointed assistant with Pennefather & Go., Solicitors, Cannon Street, E.C.4 . Mr . R. McAdams has been appoin ~ed assistan t master at Bridlington School. Mc M.A. McCanlis, on 11is retirement from the principalship of Mayo College, Ajmeer, has returned to Cheltenham College as housemaster at Newick House. Mr. N. G. L. R. McDermid is at \i\Tells. Theological College. Mr. A . S. Macdonald has been appointed junior assistant manager of the Queen's Hotel, Birmingham. Mr. R. Mcisaac has bern appointed assistant master at Repton School. Mr. R. F. Mackay has been appointed assistant master at Sutton Valence School. Mr. D. S. Madge has been appointed assistant master at Liverpool College. Mr. R. A. Mason is at Regent's Park Co11ege, Oxford. Mr. J. H. Mayne is to be congratulated on the favourable reviews given to his impo.r~ant book on Thomas Girtin. Mr.. J. L. Meigh has 'been appointed assistant master at Tavistock Grammar School. Mr. A. H. C. Meyrick has been appointed assis tant master at Lancing College. Mr. H. D. Michell is to be congratulated on entering the Senior Branch of the Foreign Service. He has been appointed Vice-Consul at Alexandria . Mr. E. G. Midgley has been appointed Assistant Lecturer in English Literature at Bedford College, London. Mr. F. B. Morley has been appointed to the staff of the Shell Oil Company in Venezuela. Mr. J. E. Morris has been appointed assistant master at Nottingham High School. Mr. K. Muir has been promoted Senior Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Leeds. Mr. J. F. Murray has been appointed Lecturer m English at Constantine Technical College, Middlesbrough .

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Mr. A. H. Over ~ll is at St. Stephen's -House, Oxford. Mr. C. R. Owston has been appointed personal assistant to the managing director of Blundell, Spence & Co. Ltd., Hull. Mr. J. _c_ Palmer has joined the firm of Mowll & Mowll,. Solicitors, Canterbury. Mr. M. H. Vv. Park has been appointed assistant master at Nunthorpe Grammar School. Mr. S. F. Parsons is to be congratulated on his app;int~erit a_'s. Headmaster of Chadderton Grammar School, Lanes. Mr. D. F. P:erry is working for a Ph.D. at Queen Mary's College, University 'of London. Dr. J. H. Pinniger is returning from New Zealand at the end of the year to take up the appointment of Physician in charge of the Clinical Laboratory at St. Thomas's Hospital. Mr. P. L. Poel has been appointed assistant master at Hackney Downs Park School, London. The Rev: E. L. G. Powys has been appointed Vicar of Christ Church , Derby. Mr. R. S. 0. Poole has been appointed to the staff of E. & S. Living~ tone Ltd., publishers, Edinburgh. · Mr. R. Pringsheim has joined E.P.P.A.C., wholesale distribu_tors of German scientific and art publications. Mr. H. A. F. Radley has been appointed to the Staff Administration Department of the;: British Broadcasting: Corporation. The Rev. J. S. !Reynolds has been, appointed Rector of Eastonon~the-Hill, N orthants. Mr. W. Vaughan Reynolds is to be congratulated on his appoin~ment as editor of The B irmingham P~st. The Rev. J. H. A. Rushbridger has been appointed Rector of Morchard Bishop, Crediton, Devon. Mr. J. E. Rutherford has been appointed assista_n t master a,t Bromsgrove School. The Ven. A. Sargent, Archdeacon of Canterbury, is to be congratulated on his appointment as a Select Preacher to the University for 1949-51. The ·Rev. •J. M. Scutt ha? been appointed Rector: of •Edgware, Middlesex. · The Rev. G. H. Sharpe has been appointed Rector of Ribbesfordwith-Bewdley, vVorcs. ' Mr. D. J. A. Shears has b'een appointed to the staff of the Bristol Evening Post.

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Mr. J. Shipwright has been appointed assistant mas~er at King Edward VI School, Southampton. The Rev. Canon F. J. J. Shirl\'!y is to be warmly congratulated on his inception as D.D., on his appointment as a Select Preacher to the University of Cambridge for 1950, and as a Select Preacher to the University o.f Oxford for 1950-2, and on the complimentary reviews with which his work on Thomas Hooker has been received. Mr. C. A. H. Skelton has been appointed to the staff o.f Messrs. Hogu e & Gill Ltd. , printers and publishers, North Dean, Bucks. Mr. H. A. Skinner has been articled to Orton & Labrun, Solicitors, Coventry. Mr. A'. P. L. Slater has been appointed assistant master at Alderman Newton's Boy5' School, Leicester. Mr. K. F. Smart has been appointed assistant m a ster at Liverpool Collegiate School. Mr. A. P. Smith has been appointed to Bornu Province, N. Nigeria, on completion of his Colonial Service Course at Oxford. Mr. L. I. Stowe has been appointed assistant m aster at B.ridlington School. Mr. J. G. Squirrel! has been appointed to the staff of Messrs. 0. Loeb, wine merchants. Mr. P. R . .H. Sykes has been appointed assistant master of Prescot Grammar School, La nes. Mr. D. J. R. Thomas has been appointed executive manager of the Un:ited Nations World. The Rev. G. B. Timms has been appointed Priest Vicar and Sacrist of Southwark Cathedral. Mr. G. H. Thompson is to be congratulated on his appointm ent as D emonstrator in Forest Entomology at the School 6f Forestry, Oxford, which he expects to take up in Hilary T erm next on his return from the Gold Coast. , The Rev. J. H. Torrens has been appointed Vicar of Horley, Surrey . . Mr. VV . .H. A. Tothill has been appointed studio manager on the Overseas Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. Capt. A. J. Trythall is in the Army Education Corps. Mr . C. R. Ullyatt has been appointed to the staff of]. & F. Coats Ltd. Mr. D. Vear has been appointed En g lish master iri one of the municipal schools at Basel. The R ev . H. H. Vickers has been appointed Rector of Newbiggin-with-Milburn, P enrith. 0

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The Rev. C . N. '!\Tardie-Harper has been appointed Vicar oÂŁ Holy Trinity, South Shore, .Blackpool. Mr. R. Waye is to be cordially congratulated on receiving the decoration of M.B.E. (Mi!.). The Rev. J . G. eatherston has bee~ appointed Vicar of St. Paul's, Ruislip Manor, Herts. The Very Rev. E. R. Welles, Dean of Buffalo, is to be cordially congratulated on his election as Bishop of West Missouri. Mr. A. ' Westaway has been appointed assistant master at Bristol Grammar School. ' The Rev. B. Wigan has been appointed Vicar of East Malling, Kent. Mr. J. M. ' t\Tigley has been appointed to the Intelligence Department of the Union Corporation Ltd. The Rev. Prebendary H. A. Wilson has been appointed Rural Dean of Shoreditch. Mr. D. A. H. Wright has been appointed Consul (Trade) at the British Consulate-general, Chicago. Lieut.-Col. A. D. Yates has returned from Japan where he has been head of the British Minor War Crimes Liaison Section. Mr. F. Yates has been appointed Assistant Master at Walkden Secondary Modern School. The Rev. Dr. E. G. Yelverton has been appointed General Secretary of the Church of England Men's Society.

't\T

BIRTHS Mr. A. R. Clark: a son, 't\Tilliam Alan Thomas, on 8 June, 1948. Mr. R. A. Cooper: a daughter, Gillian, on 8 September. Mr. C. A . J. Cox: a son, Anthony Jolyon, on 17 May. The Rev. R. C. Hastie Smith: a daughter, Rosemary Judith, on 5 J anuary. Mr. C. Grayson: a daughter, Catherine Ann, on l October. Mr. J.P. Janson-Smith: a son, Peter Patrick, on 28July. Mr. J. C. Palmer: a son, David Charles. John, on 24 Augu1?t. Mr. S. V. Peskett: a daughter, Clare Veronica, on 14 September. Mr. J.E. Rutherford: a boy, David John, on 27May. Mr. I. L. Serraillier: a daughter, Jane Mary, on 17 August. Mr. W. P. Smith: a daughter, Barbara Jane, on 23. November. Mr. J. F. Stephens : a boy, David, on 24 September. The Rev. J. H. Torrens: a son, David John George, on 7 October. .Mr. E. L. Wright: a son, Christopher Nicholas, on 29 December, 1948.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MARRIAGES The Rev. T. E. M . Ashton was married on 12 February, to Mi3s Margaret Vaughan Shepheard at Holy Trinity, Brampton . Dr. H . L. Backhouse was married on 3 September, to Miss Ruth Minifreda Izard, S .R.N ., at the Christian Fellowship Centre, Honor Oak, S.E.23 . ' Mr. G . Bennett was married on 31 August, to Miss Cynthia Major at St. Peter's, Caversham, Reading . Mr . D. M. M. Carey was married on 10 September to Margaret Ruth, daughter of the Rev . Canon\~. R. and Mrs . Mills, 'in Highfield School Chapel, Liphook, Hants. Mr. P. Carpenter was married on 4 August, to Miss Dogmar Peetz at Christ Church, Montpelier Place, Kensington. Mr. R . E. Ford was married on 30 December, to MissÂˇ Jean Charlotte Martin. Mr . P . H. Harris was marrie~ on 16 August, to Joan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. ]. H . Anning, at St. Aldate ' s, Oxford. Mr. T. 0. Hoyle was married on 18 June, to Miss Muriel Kirk at St. Paulinus's Church, New Allerton, Newark. Mr. A. W. Keith-Steele was married on 25 August, 1947, to Miss Jane Sanstall at Tonbridge. Mr. C . M. Kelly was married on 20 December to Miss Sheila Margaret Hutton at the Parish Church, Shirley Mr. J . W . King was married on 12 March to Miss L. E . Faulkner, only daughter of Sir Alfred and Lady Faulkner. Mr. J. Lukasiewicz was married on l l June to Miss Fleur Wendela Williams at Our Most Holy Redeemer, Chelsea. Mr. S. V . Peskett was married on 14 August, 1948, to Miss Prudence Goatly at St. Dunstan's, Cheam, S~rrey. Mr. J.E. Rutherford was married on 6 September, 1941, to Miss Hilda Mary Beck at Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, Hove. Mr. D. L. Thawley was married on 18 June to Miss Margaret Tryphena Gent at St. Peter's, Hednesford, Staffs. Mr. B . F. W . Thomas was married on r July to Miss Ruth Raistrick at the Parish Church, ÂˇHampstead. Mr . D . H. A. Wilson was married on 2 April to Miss Alison Mary Laird at St. Gerran's, Portscatho, Cornwall.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZII\E ORDINATIONS The The The The The The The The

R ev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. T~e Rev. The Rev. The Rev. The Rev. The R ev.

D. E. Davies, deacon (St. Asaph) . A. C. J. Eastwood, priest (Chelmsford), 1948. vV. P. Head, deac?n (Southwell). G. W. Henshaw, deacon (Lichfield). R. J eans, deacon (Durliam). D. D. Moor, priest (Gloucester). R. M. vV. Powell, deacon (Chester). M. VI/. Scott, priest (Winchester). J.E. Spence, priest (York). G. Sunderland, priest (Bristol). M. E. H. Suter, priest (London), 1948. G. A. R. Swannell, deacon (Chichester). H. V. Whitsey, deacon (Blackburn).

SOCIETIES, 1949 THE DEBATING SOCIETY HILARY TERM

President-W.

H .

A. ToTHILL. Vice-President-R. Secretary - J. S. GoLLAND.

McADAMS.

At a meeting on Monday, 17 January, called by the junior expresident, A . Ward, the Society was revived after hibernating for two terms, and officers for the term were elected. Âˇ The first debate of the term was held on Monday, 24 January, when the motion before the House was : ' That the abolition of blood sports wo uld be detrimental to the finest elements of British character.~

N . A . Dromgoole vigorously proposed the motion, discussing slaughter-houses, biology, the President, and even foxes in a speech that revealed long hours in the saddle and .a wide experience of the ways of nature. His supporter, H. A. R. Long, was equally force ful and put in a plea for more participation in sports of all kinds. In contrast, the Opposition's case was presented by M. H. W. Park and M. Johnson with cool, calm logic and careful reasoning. Spurred on by the eloquence of the P roposers, but held in check by the dialectic of the Opr)osers, the House was soon in full cry. Before long, however, it was beguiled by a number of fake scents, ably laid by E . G . Midgley, W. J. Tunley, R. McAdams, R. Day, R. A. Dickenson and P. W. Glover speaking for the motion, and by P. 'Wilde, J. S. Golland, P. L. Roussel, Albert Baxter, T. W.

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Silkstone, P. J. Croft and J. O ' Halloran who spoke against it. S. Hartley spoke on both sides. In the course of the evening, the House found itself chasing nineteenth century mercantilism, wars, concentration camps, hunting horns and the proposer's voice. The fox was finally caught and the President's casting vote awarded the brush to the Opposition who gained a victory by twelve votes to eleven. At the second meeting of the term, the Secretary read out the 'Original constitution of the Society, dating from the thirteenth century. The document proved the contention that the Soci ety was the oldest in O xfo rd and should be known as the 'Ancient, Honqurable and Renowned Debating Society of St. Edmund H a ll.' A smaller House than qsual debated the question: ' That this House would rather be Mr. Herbert Morrison than Lord vVoolton.' .R. Day's .s uggested amendment, 'That this House would rather be hung from the nearest lamp-post than be either Mr. Morrison or Lord Woolton' was heavily defeated. A. H. Foot ranged wide in his defence of Mr. Morrison, with whom he h ad once nearly dined. J. S. Golland, Secretary, opposed .the motion both because h e disliked Mr. Morrison's political methods and because he preferred Lord Woolton's policy of firm, determined, and forthright action. In a fine debating speech, E . Edge attacked many of the Opposer's statements by quoting appropriate statistics, while W. J. Tunley's figures were even more gastronomical when he dealt with the pre-war m eat consumption. The motion was defended by E. Rhodes and P. A. Wilde, but strongly attacked by H. A. R. Long, G. H. Winter and J. S. Clarke . The President rounded off the debate with a learned diss ertation on dried egg, and gave his casting vote once again to d efeat the motion by 7 votes to 6. The Society welcomed four visitors from Lady Margaret Hall at the third debate, on Monday, 28 February. P. Roussel amusingly and ably proposed that : 'vVoman's place is on a pedestal.' \i\Tith a flow of language, witticism and rhetoric rarely heard in .the Society, he set the tone for the other speakers, and his supporter, Miss Jennifer Barton, conjured up for us a vision of the V enus de Milo. The Opposition were more learned , quoting Elizabethan poetry . and modern journalism. Miss Sheila Finn claimed that women need ed company rather than the splendid isolation of a pedestal, and her assistant, M . Seymour Smith, thought that woman"s place was in a pit.

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The House rose gallantly to the occasion and while M. Scott, N. A. Dromgoole, W. ]. Tunley, P. A . Wilde,]. S. Clarke and 'c. A. Blackman were busy constructing pedestals, Miss E. Wood, Miss M. Collyer,]. Riley, J. Frankis, J. Hogan and J. S. Golland were equally determined to place men on pedestals and women elsewhere. The motion was eventually carried by 18 votes to lJ. In the final meeting of the term the Society debated the motion: 'That Oxford University does not provide an adequate education.' The graciousness of G. Midgley's speech belied the vigour with which he attacked the University education, with its undue specialisation . He propounded the Midgley plan for a course that would not compel students to remain in p'e ns like Westphalian hogs. J. S. Clarke, opposing, commented on this speech by the ' halfdon, half-pupil,' quoted Rousseau and Roussel, and described some of the nocturnal activities of undergraduate life. The President spoke third, complaining that there was Much Binding in the March of Time. P. A. Wilde attacked the athletic side of a University, and was supported .m ost effectively by P. Nichols, who, although his speech had been lost, delighted the House by his eloquent description of a tea-party. The Vice-President supported the motion, directi.n g the barb of his attack towards women lecturers. Speakers from the floor of the house inc.l uded W. J. Tunley and P. L. Roussel for the motion, and F. F. Nicholls, J. S. Golland and J. M. Scott, against. Following the trend of the two earlier debates, the voting was close; after a recount, there appeared fourteen votes for the motion and thirteen against. J.S.G. TRINITY TERM .

President-]. S.

GoLLAND.

Vice-President- E.

Secretary- H. A. R.

G. MIDGLEY.

LONG.

Because of the rival attractions of cricket and the river, only one meeting was held this term. On Monday, 2 ÂˇM ay, N. A. Dromgoole proposed that: ' The name of Britain has never sunk so low.' With the sincerity and vigour that we have come to expect of him, he claimed we were la~king in efficiency, prosperity, armed might and native culture. P. Nichols was a worthy opponent and, in denying these claims, dismissed the Malay and Yangtse incidents as .' mere sideshows.' Seconding the proposition were ] . S. Clarke

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and W. J. Tunley; the former wondered how India could be suffering from a cold war while the latter was more concrete. The third speaker was E. E. Murphy, representing the U .S.A. He thought that reports of Britain's death were' greatly exaggerated' because she still had a part to play in world affairs. From the Empire, Rev. I. F. Church supported him and in a well-knit oration compared the free Empire of to-day with the slave empires of Greece and Rome. The House was small in numbers but was keenly interested in the problem; the President , a nd J. C. Graffy spoke on behalf of the motion, which was attacked by H . Crane and C. A. ~lackman. The motion was lost by nine votes to eleven. At a meeting in the last week of term, officers were elected for Michaelmas. The President expressed his satisfaction with the high quality of speaking since the Society had been revived. J.S.G. MICHAELMAS TERM

Preside.nt -

P. L.

RouSSl):L.

Secretary- H. A. R.

LONG.

This was a successful term during which there were four debates. The Society was hono ured at its last meeting by the visit of a member from the Senior Common Room. It is hoped that the valour of the Vice-Principal will not stand alone. ' That the Conservative Party is a class conscious section of our people wedded to out-of-date ideas.' The Society again welcomed P . Nichols and was once more ably entertained by J. S. Clarke from an inexhaustible supply of anecdotes . The House welcomed, among other freshmen, T . P. Kelly, A. R. Douglas and D . M. Forster. The motion was carried by one vote. In 'a burning House' debate, 31 October, the following six characters were chosen : ] ane Russell , Sir Oswald Mosley, Vichynsky, The Manciple, Prof. Joad and the 'Varga G irl.' The last named was carried by an overwhelming majority afte r having been ablydefended by the Vice-President, C. A. Blackman, with the notorious calendar to quote from. ' That the pleasure afforded by the cinema does not justify its existence.' 21 November. W . J. Tunley, an old member of the Society and J. H. Hedgely gave the House both eloquence and argument. The motion was lost. ' That Oxford University is hopelessly out of date.' This was the most successful and interesting debate of the term and the H ouse numbered over 50 at times. N. A . Dromgoole , N . D.

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Stacey and P'. L. Roussel supported the modernity or timelessness of Oxford each according to his sphere of interest. The Rev . Canon J. N. Di Kelly, the Vice-Principal and J. S. Clarke spoke for the motion but the Vice-Principal unlike the proposer, applauded the very time-lag itself and only bemoaned the unfortunate compromise that had had to be made on the subject of women . This latter appeared to be an unending topic of interest and the issue was clearly and vividly put before the House by J. S. Clarke . H.A.R.L. THE ' ESSAY SOCIETY HILARY TERM

President- C.

DOBB

H. S. Harris took as his text, 'Pilate answered, What I have written, I have written,' and read less an essay proper than an account of his own mental adyent1,1r<:;§ ,i n search of an essay : these strayed from what he thought membern imagined to be his philosophical position, through · Socrates, Bruno and American women novelists, to Coleridge's conversation with Keats, which, like his essay, had covered such a vast variety of topics. ]. E. Durling ·c ontemplated the sense of mystery that lay at the root of all religious and artistic inspiration, and formed a common factor between them both ; and the vigour of .the ensuing discussion showed how much he had stimulated the ever renewed interest of the Society in aesthetic matters . 'The Monstrous Regiment' was drawn up for 'inspection by A . Ward, who, proving the essential practicability of womankind, shattered the myth of the male's dominance. He deplored the regiment's invasion of spheres formerly reserved for men, and ventilated a general grievance against the practices of landladies. P. A. Wilde discussed the problem of Germany, paying especial attention to univers~ty life; that part of his essay describing his experiences at Bonn University had already reached a wider public (The Spectator, rr February). He could not see a democratic Germany in the near future any more than he could envisage a permanent administration by the occupying forces . In discussion, the historians, having had their say, sat back while others formulated ' theories of history.' The Society en joyed one of its infrequent scientific papers when P'. H . Phizackeriey re-opened the quest ion 'vVhich came ·first'..-the chicken or the ·egg?' admitted · its insolubility and proceeded to sketch the · history of the idea of evolution clown to the most recent expositions. Tho.se whom he

ST. EDMUND HALL

MAGAZI~E

had won ovet from the ' vitalist' camp waged war on the idealists, led by J. S. Golland; but it resembled a mock battle, as members on each side for once found themselves without their usual ammunition of argument. VJ. H. A. Tothill asked 'To what extent one person's actions could be justifiably controlled by others?' and attempted answers with reference to child psychology, political science and Christian doctrine. H. S. Harris, later that evening, threw the head of his favourite martyr into the fray to justify revolt ag路ainst authority, while J. K. Clark doubted whether the problem of control in the modern State could be .solved by decentralization. The climax of the term's activities was the 45oth meeting, held on 7 March; and the Principal and Fellows were guests of the Society immediately preceding the public business. The Principal, proposing the toast of the Society, reminded members of its first President, the late Canon S. L. Ollard, and sincerely hoped the ' cryptographic coruscations ' of essayists' titles might long continue. Later in the evening N. J. Williams read 路extracts from the first" minutes (the 2nd meeting, held 31 路 January, 1909). In '\tVoodman, spare that tree!' which followed, the President considered the relation between mythology and literature; for it was the tree in the quad., which early in the term had supported a cluster of mistletoe, that he prayed be spared the woodman's axe. (At a later date a sprig which did not escape was presented to the Society by the Hall gardener, and has been annexed to the archives.) For such an occasion the discussion was remarkably relevant, members spending at least forty minutes in drawing distinctions between 'myth,' 'allegory' and 'legend.' N.J.W . .TRINITY TERM

President-N. ].

WrLLlAMS

The semor ex-President, R. McAdams, sang his swan-song, which he felt 'ought to possess the chastity of Chinese pottery or draught nut-brown.' He recalled his initial success, ' Machine Guns and Madrigals ' ; defended his pet theories of psychological determinism and free trade; investigated what he termed the ' Big We,' and sketched the plot for ' a depressing little novel about UNO . ' Yet with all this pessimism, the concluding parable of the youth on the collective farm, who stopped his bulldozer to read the essayist's tombstone, ended with ' the corn rising finally to obliterate the insignificant cross.' J. S. Golland'路s essay, 'There's D

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

a porpoise close behind us,' proved to be a dissertation on queues and queuing. This universaJ activity, he argued, was highly unnecessary, and it took us back to jungle law. He outlined a code of queue ethics, adding an appendix on how to be a successful queue-jumper, and demanded an equality of behaviour-that we should take our example .rather from the whiting. Every member contrib.u ted his own fruits of original research on the problem. In ' No matter, never Mind,' the Rev. I. F. Church made a revaluation of logical positivism. He deplored the fact that the queen of the sciences had been relegated by many to the position of a discredited old lady in an attic of her former palace; and having examined the systems of \iVittgenst~in, Ayer and. Russell, concluded that logical positivism could claim to be no more than an introductory discipline to philosophy, ' an indispensable prolegomenon to a reinstated metaphysic.' A keenly fought duel between the essayist and H. S. Harris ended in a compromise; and exPresidential doubts were expressed, A. Ward's concerning the existence of electrons and R. McAdams' concerning the squareroot of minus one. S. Hartley discussed the divorce between 'mind ' and 'voice.' Since none dared speak what he thought, all were potential madmen. Having admitted his own insanity, he , rested comfortably in his mental near-Utopia, immune from the hurtful shafts of passers-by. The discussion concerned dreams; and ]. Bull ranged informally over the whole .topic. J. Hobbs focused attention on that object which scientists fraudulently call a wireless, roundly attacked the B.B.C., and outlined his plan for an Oxford Broadcasting System, which would enable an undergraduate to tune in to programmes graded according to the degree he wished to obtain. Similarly, tutorials could be conducted over the air, and university life entirely decentralized. The Society acquitted the B.B.C. of most charges and, far from considering the O.B.S., produced an anthology of rare broadcasts. J. Bull examined current educational problems, from examinations and Stoke d' Abernon interviews to the curriculum and the place of the Secondary Modern Schools in the educational system. The universities, too, came in for criticism, as they tended to turn out men ' who were capable: of spinning the subtlest intellectual webs and solely desired to escape from the normal .hardships of life.' The Society, as the essayist had foretold, took education seriously, but the discussion was rescued by his own story of how he got through Paris on one w~rd of French. Having read (to himself and within the secrecy of his room) the minutes of every meeting placed on

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

r ecord , the President traced the history of the Society during its first 250 meetings (1909-37). After much debating, his plea t hat, the writer willing, ,each essay should be filed, was finally carried. N.J.W. MICHAELMAS TERM

President- S .

HARTLEY

The tone of the Society 's meetings has become more serious. Politics failed to find favour, whilst philosophical discussions lost a good deal by the absence of H. S. Harris. The standard of writing, however, was maintained and the discussions, if rather s erious . were well leavened with wit. The term'.s first essay, ' Language and Lunacy,' proved to be a battle between the essayist, A . Ward, and Mr. Eric Partridge. A . Ward was persuasive, but the Socie ty was generous and Mr. Partridge fou nd many champions in the discussion on language which followed . E. J. Morgan presented an essay on the criticism of criticism, to which he gave the apt title 'The Pot and the K ettle. ' Our next reader, H. E. Millen, p resented a nosta lgic picture of nineteenth-cent ury university life , whilst P. ] . Frankis. in an essay entitled ' Free Vers.e Flageolets and Fertility ' filled an evening with .a brief history of the decline and meaning of dancing. H. E. Street delighted the Society with a work entitled' D ehydrated Prefab rication.' His appeal for style .and his apparent indifference to moral standards gave rise to a heated discussion. The following week T. O'Keeffe defended Architecture from a functional point of view in a work called ' Erse or Worse . ' The connection between ti tle and subj ect matter was only found when the state of Irish architecture w a s given as an example of what could be worse than chaos. At the final m eeting of the term the President's essay, 'Of Life and Laug hter,' proved a happy prelude to the business of the Presidential m eeting. The Pres'ident-Commendate , H. S. H arris, made his return to the Society at the last meeting of this term and was duly installed as for thcoming P resident with customary c eremony . S.H. THE MUSICAL SOCIETY HILARY TERM

President-C. R.

ULLYATT

secretary -

J. v.

COC K SHOOT

Throughout the term gramophone concerts were held on Saturday evenings in the Vice-Principal'Âˇs room.

EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

On 14th February the Society .produced a concert in the Hall with the assistance of St . Anne's Society. No report can. reproduce impressions of the concert, which was a happy mixture of the serious and gay. Few of us will forget the heartrending call of the cuckoo, the intense musicianship of ,the quail and the zealous trumpeter whose clarion call became a silent breath-his instrument mutely protesting. The programme was as follows: Two Pianofortes Schumann Andante and Variations, Op. 46 R. McADAMS and C. E. Ross Baritone Solo Songs of Travel Vaughan Williams (a) The Vagabond r(b) Bright is the Ring of Words (c) The Roadside Fire J. H. B. WILLIAMS Pianoforte Solo Brahms (a) Waltz in D minor, Op. 39, No. 9 - Brahms (b) Rhapsody in G minor, Op. 79, No. 2 T. W. SILKSTONE Madrigals (a) April is in my Mistress' Face Morley (b) Draw on, Sweet Night - Wilbye r(c) Sweet Suffolk Owl Vautor ST. EDMUND HALL AND ST. ANNE'S MADRIGAL SOCIETY Clarinet and Pianoforte Five Bagatelles Gerald Finzi C. HALLEY and J. V. CocKStHOOT Pianoforte Solo Sona tine Ravel J. V. CocKsHooT Part Songs Charles Wood (a) Hob a Derry Danno Stanley Wilson (b) Tewke,;bury Road (c) Salt Beef Thomas Wood THE MALE: VoICE CHOIR Toy Symphony in C Haydn Leader : C . E. Ross; Conductor: C. R. ULLYATT TRINITY TERM

President-C .. R. ULLYATT

Secretary-J. V. CocKSHOOT

. Gramophone concerts were suspended during the summer months and the Society concentrated its efforts on the production I

ST. . EDMUND HALL tMAGAZINE

of its Eights \i\Teek Concert, which it gave in the Hall (the weather being unkind) on 23 May. The programme was as follows : Concerto for Two Keyb.o ards, No. 2 in C T. W. SILKSTONE and C. R. ULLY{\TT

Bach

Trio for Clarinet, Viola and Pianoforte in E flat, K.4g8 Mozart C . HALLEY (clarinet), D. SMITH (Jesus Coll.) (viola) J. V. CocKSHOOT (pianoforte) Part Songs Come away Death · Vaugha~ Williams Heraclitus Stanford Love is Meant to Make us Glad(' Merrie England') German ST. EDMUND HALL AND ST. ANNE'S SOCIETY CHOIR Conductor : N. J. WILLIAMS Ballade for Two Pianofortes Maurice Jacobson J. V . CocKSHOOT and R. McADAMS Sonata in IV P ar ts, No. 9 in F ('Golden'), for Two Violins and Continua Purcell C. E . Ross '(violin), C. R .. DLLYAIT (continua), ] . H. B . vV1LLIAMS i(violin) and MRS. E. D. SPRAGUE (continuo) Trio for Clarinet, Violin and Piai10fotte ( 1932) Khachaturian C . HALLEY, D. SMITH, J. V. CocKsHoor:r Canticum Aulare, for Chorus and Pianoforte ]. V. Cockshoot To the Principal, Fellows and Members of the Hall ST. EDMUND HALL AND ST. ANNE'S SOCIETY CHOIR · Conductor: N. ] .. WILLIAMS (First performance)

The difficulties of seating the. large audience in the Hall made the concert last longer than it should have done, but the ushers succeeded in packing everyone in. After the interval, K. Clark blew a stirring fanfare on his trumpet-the fanfar~ used at the opening of Parliament : it sounded most effective echoing round the rain-drenched quadrangle. The ' Golden Sonata' of Purcell brought a breath of classical fresh air into th e second half of the programme, which began with a cinema-like ' Ballade,' became Oriental with the Khachaturian Trio and, rightly and properly, concluded with the ' Canticum Aulare.' The programme notes explained its conception and con'struction, but gave no idea of the satisfaction the Choir had in singing it. J. V. Cockshoot seems to have found the level at which he can be true to his genius and art, while pleasing the audience, and, using most effectively 'some chords that are not dealt with in text-books,' has set to music the very fine ode by Graham Midgley. C.R.U.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM

Secretary - T. W.

SILK STONE

President -

CocKSHOOT

The Vice-Principal has again kindly allowed the Society to use his study on Saturday evenings for the presentation of Gramophone Concerts, at which a select number of devotees has heard a variety of works ranging from Mozart operas to modern chamber works. Early in the term the Committee decided ithat a choir composed of Aularian& and la dies of St. Anne's Society should be established on a regular footing instead of practising as an ad hoe body for 'Hall concerts. The first effect of this decision was to enable the Society to present a programme of Christmas music in the Church of St. Peter-in-theEast, by kind permission of the Vicar and Churchwardens. It was led by the Rev. C. E. Ross and en joyed by about ISO people. J.V.C.

THE LIDDON SOCIETY HILARY ' TERM

Chairman- M. P .

KENT

Three meetings have been held during the past year. At the first the Rev. E. W. Kemp, Chaplain of Exeter College, spoke on t he proposed scheme for the Revision of Canon Law. He pointed -out that some legal system had been in existence at least since the time of St. Aug.ustine. It was a law which grew up within the natural life of the Church to govern and direct iit; it was not, as some people thought, a legal system applied c9ercively from without. The speaker drew particular attention to the present confused situation existing between Church and State, and .remarked that it was possible that some modification would have to be made in the present position of Church establishment. MICHAELMAS TERM

During the Michaelmas Term two furth er meetings were held. The Rev. M. M. Martin spoke on the Church's Ministry of Healing . He traced the history of this ministry of the Church, and of its gradual abeyance, which was not counteracted until about fifty years ago. The speaker showed how in numerous instances within his own experience healing had: been achieved through unction, or -prayer, and the laying on of hands. Perhaps most striking o.f all was the close similarity between these recent healings and those .recorded :in the Gospels. The speaker stressed the importance of a praying

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Church for the effectiveness of the ministry, and the need of its exten.sion' into every parish, for ind eed the :ministry of healing through Holy Unction and rthe laying on of hands is the right and proper function of the parish priest in his visitation of the sick. The las t meeting was the customary one in which a speaker is .invited from : the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. The Assistant Secreta ry, the Rev. L. A. E . Horsfield, gave a talk on the history and work of the Mission. He pointed out that U .M.C .A . was the only mission to be run from the mission field. The Mission was begun in 1857 on the initiative of David Livingstone, who in that year spoke in the Senate House at Cambridge on Commerce and Christianity. The first :mission team consisted of a party of six pries:s headed by a bishop, and supported by a team of artificers, builders and ag riculturalist~. At the turn of the century the atfitude had changed and the cry was ' Africa for the Africans.' To-clay, however, with the breakdown of the tribal system the inroads of European influence can no longer be stemmed, and one of the chief responsibilities of the Mission lies wit~ the ground nut s cheme in Tanganyika; here morality is low, drunkenness is widespread and bad housing prevails. The Church's work is primarily one of evangelism, pastoral duties and education, and iâ&#x20AC;˘t is being performed by increasingly large numbers of African priests. The :problem confronting the Mission at present is that of finance, for the priesthood is seriously und erpaid and the resources. are inadeÂˇquate to answer the many needs and opportunities now existing. M.P .K. THE MAKERS SOCIETY HrLARY TERM

President - J.

HOBBS

Secretary-C.

DOBB

Apart from some good new work being read and criticised by members, the Society entertained two guest speakers, Mr. Dylan Thomas and Mr. Frank Howes, The Times music critic. Mr. Thomas read extremely amusing and satirical prose which suggested a feature of his work not yet seen in print, as did the extracts from an unfinished semi-autobiographical novel. Mr. Howes was interesting and scholarly on the subject of 'Ballads.' He dealt not only with ballads as printed, but also, with the help of gramophone records, with the relation of the ballad to its musical setting.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE TRINITY TERM

President- C.

DOBB

Secreta'ry- R. G.

FURNIVAL

Four meetings were held in this term and much work was done and discussion held in spite of the usual counter-attractions of summer in Oxford. The guest speaker was Mr. P. Lewin, who gave members a talk on the hard and practical world of publishing and markets for literary work. MICHAELMAS TERM

P1•esident ·- R. G.

FuRNIVAL

Secretary- J. C.

GRAFFY

At the beginning of this term the Society's magazine of prose and poetry, First Words, appeared, and up to the elate of printing it seems that it will, when more orders from Old Aularians have been received, pay for itself. The Society welcomed new members during the ter:m, and the title and results of the , ' set-subject,' ' Celebration, " indicate the mood and quality of th e Society at the end of 1949· During 1949 the Makers Society has been very active and has lived up to the high standards of writing and criticism set by those who revived the Society after the las.t war. The Society is becoming known-and, dare we say ; envied-in the University as a whole . This is partly due to the production of two editions of First TVords, which have received generous sl\pport from members of the J.C.R. and encouraging interest by the Principal, and partly clue to the fact that the Society is healthily free from being associated with such words as ' long-haired ' and ' diletta nte.'

J.H. JOHN OLDHAM SOCIETY HrLARYTERM

President -- F . F. N IGHOLLS

Secretary

-C...

vV. R.

DUNSMORE

Although marred by a n inadequate supply of ladies (from Somerville), the first reading of the term-of Terence Rattigan's Flare Path-was perhaps the mo,s t successful. Mr. 'Rattigan's humour contributed much to the success, of course, but the general standard of reading was particularly high, and, in the difficult part of Teddy Graham, D. Vear approached brilliance. Morgan's Alibi is not a good play and we seriously doubt whethen the original of it-Agatha Christie's The Miwder of Ro g er Ackroyd-is really suitable for dramatisation. But our reading of the play with the ladies of St. Anne's was entertaining enough, perhaps because we

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

were able to laugh at the play when we could do nothing better. To create in an Oxford hall, by voice alone, something of the atmosphere of the Gibbons family in Noel Coward's This Happy Breed is not easy, but it was fairly adequately achieved at our meeting with the ,ladies of Lady Margaret Hall. It was surprising to note, however, how soon we have come to regard the spirit of the play as jingoish. The Doctor's Dilemma was read with St. Hilda's and R.U.R. with St. Hugh's. Capek's play does not read well, for there is not that bold charaoterisation without which the play-reader is lost. Our next reading was of three one-act plays with the ladies .of St. Hilda's. It wa'S not really successful although we had some capable readers. Whatever may be said for one-act plays, at the end of one there seems to be little inclination to read another. V..' e were very hospitably entertained by the ladies of St. Hugh's for a reading of Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier, but the reading of both male and female parts was generally speaking very poor. Rebecca is, however, a good dramatisation of a good novel. Ou'r last meeting of the term was alSo ' away,' at the invitation of Lady Margaret Hall. James Bridie's Mr. Bolfry was perhaps the most interesting and amusing play we read this term. It was well read. D. Chewter was particularly good as an Anglicised MacCrimmon, and R. Tracey was excellent as the Semitic Cockney soldier, Cohen , Towards the end of term two proposals were made for a John Oldham Society production in Trinity Term . .The fir~t was for a public production, outside the Hall, of Sheridan's The RiÂˇvals; the second for a private production, ii1 the Hall, of .4.ntony and Cleopatra. Unfortunately nothing came of either of these proposals, but it was resolved to pursue next term the idea of a production with greater determination than had hitherto been shown in the Society. W.R.D. TRINITY TERM

President -- vV. R.

DUNSMORE

S ecreta,ry -

NICHOLS

The greater determination promised at the conclusion of last term's report has been present throughout this term's activities. Our readings began w~th a spirited and very enjoyable treatment of Sheridan's The Critic, read with ladies of St. Hilda's. A new member, N. A'. Dromgoole, read the long part of Mr. Puff with great skill. Another new member bestowed upon Don Whiskerandos an authentic foreign accent which must be described a~ imperial rather than pure Spanish, it being of the Texas:

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

va ri ety. The lad ies were most amused . T h e President and the Secretary capered a s that delightful comedy couple, H atto n and R aleigh. Even so, the evening was generally considered a great success. Mr. Somerset Ma ug ham's fin ely-made comedy, The Circl e, was read w ith visitors from Lady Ma rgaret Hall, and Mr. Shaw's play, The IJ eÂˇv il's D isciple , rather more profound, p erhaps, but less careful, with St. Anne ' s . D. M . Logan read a pa rt in each play with great accomplishment and exactly the same distinction. Mr. Ust inov's play, The B anbury Nose, v ery g ood but rather t oo clever for a reading, was ,the subject-matter when the Society was entertained at Lady Margaret Hall. Two Restoration comedies, The R ecruiting Officer, by F a rquhar, and The Way of the World, were read in the last fortni g h t of term, the first with St. Hugh's and the second with St. Hilda 's. Proposals for a Society production fell thick during the first w e~k of term. After numerous committe~ m eetings, during which mos t plays in the English la ng uage were suggested, as well as some of those in the English syllabus, Farquhar's The Recruiting Officer finally emerged as the Society's choice. With it emerged N. A. Dromgoole as the Society's producer. \Nith defiance as well as determination, the Society h eld its ' First Annua l Dinner' this term . A committee consisting of the President, the Secretary, D. Chewter and G. G. Allan m ade the necessary arrangements for a very pleasant evening. The S enior Tutor honoured the Society with his company and with a delightful after-dinner speech . A galaxy of ex-Presidents was present and toasts were drunk to John Oldh am, to Th e Recn"'iting Officer and to the Hall. The proposals and replies were all eloquent, amusing and sometimes to the point. The Secret ary is believed to have spoken M some time during the evening. P.N. MrCHAELMA S T E RM

President -

NICHOLS

Secretary- R.

TRACEY

The Society has continued its activities of reading plays and planning productions. N. A. Dromgoole and H. E. Street both attem pted the task of staging a play, Âˇbut everything was against them, including some members of the Society, and both proj ects were dropped. The better play-readings of t he term have been very g ood. Ibsen's The Tiflild Duck was certain to provide an interesting evening, and was made infinitely more touching by the performance of a genui ne Scandinavian. The Senior Common Room of Lady

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

Margaret Hall is believed to have enjoyed the performance of The Lady 's Not For Burning, which was read by the Society next door in the ladies' Junior Common Room. The President condescended to read a part and provided some of the more restrained moments. The ladies thought our leading man to be better tha? John Gielgud, whom none of them had seen and all had heard about. P.N. THE QUEEN'S BENCH Offices held by Aula~jans in I949: HILARY TERM : TRINITY TERM:

Secretary - E. E. Secretary-E. E.

MICHAELMAS TERM:

MURPHY MURPHY

President- E. E.

MURPHY

Secretary-]. R. Moss This year the Society has seen an interesting programme. The main attractions of the Hilary Term were a moot case, a lecture and the annual dinner. Professor A. L. Goodhart ably presided over the moot case, which v~as between the Queen's Bench and the Holdsworth Society of St. John's College, while later in the term Mr. Kent, an Assistant Treasury Solicitor, gave an instructive and amusing lecture on various aspects of a solicitor's profession. The guest of honour at a most successful Annual Dinner was the Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Evershed. The Principal was also a guest. Trinity and Michaelmas Terms have provided equally good programmes, including a sherry party and a moot case presided- over by Mr. Philip S. A. Rossdale, whose summing up \Vas particularly shrewd. A lecture has also been given in the Hall by Mr. A. D. Lindley, American attorney on ,t he staff of The European Co-ope.ra_tion Administration (Marshall Plan), who addressed the Society on the different branches of the Foreign Service and the E.C.A. in relation to law. There were several guests at the lecture, most of them American, which prompted the speaker to remark on the number of Texas Alabama 'Oxford accents.' Mr. Lindley then went on to say that incomes were not very high in the Foreign Service; he added, however, that he got all the petrol he wanted! American poli<tics were also discussed. The attendance at meetings throughout the year has been adequate, and it is encouraging to note the increasing number of new members entering the Society. D. Logan has been elected Secretary for Hilary Term. J.R.M.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE LA

socrnTÂŁ

FRANCAISE

HILARY AND TRINITY TERMS

President - D. A:

ELLIS

s ecretaire -

SINCLAIR

Au cours du rt:rimestre de printemps, :sous la presidence de R. McAdams, la Societe a eu une serie de reunions interessantes et instructives. Mr. Brumfitt nous a parle de la litterature de la Resistance, et M. le professeur Fluchere nous a donne un apen;u tres net sur l'etat du theatre contemporain en France, ne nous lai-ssant en aucun doute quant au genie de J. P. Sartre. La litter~Â ture a part, M. Tallon a donne a la Societe quelques-uns de ses souvenirs personnels de I' epuque OU ii etait prisonnier en France pendant !'occupation, discours anime et divertissant et pourtant realiste. Pendant le trimestre d'ete, la Societe a ete honoree d'une visite de Mme. Hottot, qui a examine la question de la psychologie feminine: elle a aborde son sujet d'une maniere savante, et nous a fait un expose tres interessant du point de vue frani;:ais sur la psychologie de la femme. Un debat bien reussi a eu lieu au sujet de l'inevitabilite de la guerre, et bien qu'on n'aie pas atteint un riveau de fram;ais tout a fait impeccable, la discussion a provoque les opinions tres vives et tres dog.matiques de MM. Montgomery et Dootorow. Ce trimestre, la Societe a un peu souffert d'une diminution clans le nombre des assistants a cause des multiples activites d'ete et par suite des examens trop proches. D.A.E. MICHAELMAS TERM

President -

Secretaire -

SINCLAIR

MONTGOMERY

Au commencement de la deuxieme annee de son existence nouvelle, la Societe rei;:.ut l'appui chaleureux des 'freshmen' et le nombre des inscrits fut plus haut que jamai:s. A la premiere r~union on joua aux ' Vingt Questions,' jeu facile mais diver,t issant qui reussit a mettre chacun a son aise tout en Jui deliant la langue. I

Le 20 octobre quatre membres parlerent au sujet de 'Grandes Vacances.' D. A . Ellis donna les details de son sejou.r a Lausanne; D. A. Garnett nous renseigna. sur la vie en Allemagne au service du R.A.F.; M: W. Parkin depeignit Jes hasards et Jes beautes d'un tour a pied aux Alpe s; et J. Sinclair donna ses impressions sur l'Espagne.

ST. ED<l.YIUND HALL MAGAZINE

Le 27 octobre MM. E. Edge et M. J. Tunley soutenerent la proposition ' Que la France joue le role principal contre l'avance rouge'; MM. M. J. Montgomery et D . Marsden s'y opposerent et reussirent a la fa ire repousser. Le 3 novembre , a une ' Soiree musicale,' on entendit jouer des disques de cabaret, et il y eut une fo rte concurrence de voix pour les cha nsons populaires. 11 n'y avait pas beaucoup d 'assistants a la lecture d es pieces du theatre comique de Georges Courteline qui eut lieu le ro novembre, m a is un e atmosphere a greable ne manqua it pas tout de mfune . Le 17 novembre la Soci ete eut l'honneur d'entendre parler le Docteur R. Fargher, qui nous a bien divertis en parlant des ' Influences generales de la France sur l'Angleterre.' Puisqu'il n'y avait pas assez d'enthousiasme (ou d'argent) pour un din e.r a la fin du trimestre, la societe t ermina ses activi-ties le 24 novembre avec un seance de tÂˇr avail. J.S.

CLUBS, 1949 THE BOAT CLUB HILARY TERM

Captain -G. W. H . AncocK .

S ecretary- R. A. MASON.

The First Torpid continued .its training, being the same crew as that which took part in the Michaelmas, Te rm long distan ce race. The Secretary, R. A. Mason, deserves special credit for his devoted and successful efforts in orgati:lising the Torpid crews during the Captain's absence at Westminster School. The latter, however, was not completely useless , for he was able to pay frequent visits to the famous boat builder, Mr. George Sims, with the result that a week before the Torpids the first crew had a new boat in which to perform. This e~cellent craft was launched with due ceremony. The crew of the Second Torpid was a constant problem, and we were grateful for the timely aid of menÂˇ whose normal vocation is Rug by football. Under the energetic coaching of W. A. H. Blair, they helped to form a successful crew . Torpids 1949 was a wonderful week fo r the Hall, of the kind known only to those who we re in residence in the vintage days of the 1930s . This year, Torpid s ran for four days only, and on each day the First Crew made a bump, starting 8th in Division I, an d

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE finishing 4th. The first day's success was initiated by the Second Torpid, which bumped Christ Church II inÂ°fine style. In Division I , the First Torpid secured a rapid and devastating bump on our old rivals, St. John's. On the second day, the second crew had to row over, since a miserable Queen's First boat was bumped by Hertford. For the First Crew this was a critical day against an unknown quantity in Magdalen. The race was prolonged, since the bump was not made until half-way up the Barges, but the Hall, . inspired by the magnificent leadership of stroke, F. F. Nicholls, rowed a race worthy of a first division crew in Eights, wearing down the opponents until they had to admit defeat . On the third day the Second Torpid meted out to the Queen's first crew the punishment it richly deserved by bumping it quickly. If the efforts of this crew were overshadowed by the performance of the First Torpid, it should be placed on record that this year's Second Torpid gave a fine performance on its own account, and was, in fact, a more impressive crew than many of the First Torpids seen on the river. The First Torpid murdered the B.N.C. crew on the third day, and we all hoped for the crowning achievement on the last day . The Second Torpid rowed over, finishing 2nd in Division III, and the First Torpid ended its career in a blaze of glory. Ahead was Balliol, already victorious and strong challengers to Trih ity. The Hall crew, however, rowed very hard and extremely well, and after an exhilarating and exhausting race conquered Balliol (who were very close to Trinity) up the Green Bank. All who took part des.e rve great credit for this, one of the Hall's most successful Torpids seasons, but I would like to mention particularly the leadership of the stroke, F. F. Nicholls, the keenness and devotion of the coaches, Mr. Desmond Hill, B. Holland and W. A. H. Blair, the fine spirit of the crews, and, of course, the tremendously keen support on the towpath from both Senior and Junior Common Rooms. On the following Monday the Boat Club was responsible for the largest gathering of Aularians Âˇsince the days of our Founder ! A happy link was made at the Bump Supper by the presence of some members of the crew which went Head of the River in Torpids, 1939. To ac~ommodate everyone, the Forum Restaurant was used for this memorable occasion. After Torpids, the Boat Club turned once more to long distance racing. We had hoped to improve our position at Chester, but owing to the date of that event we had to enter a crew for the

THE FIRST TORPID, 19+9 Mr. Desmond Hill (co ac/l ), B. F . vV. Thomas, J. P. le P elley, P . F. Wh ite, B . H oll and (coac h) P. !\'I. H ayn es, J. G . M. Sco tt, F. F. :-.licholl s (sl.ro/,e), M. J. Plowd en-R oberts, M . Pike E. E. Murphy (cox)

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

R eading race. Training was carried out at Godstow under the excellent coaching of Mr. C. Frewer, of Pembroke College. At R eading, however, the Hall came in 15th, not as successful as we had expected, a lthough a close race against Pembroke at the finish gave much excitement . On the whole, however, few would deny that Hilary Term had been the best the Hall Boat Club had had since 1939 . The term's activity was now over, e:xocept for two members of the Club, the Captain and I. P . Smith, who were engaged on teaching practice in London. The former coached Westminster School Second Eight, the latter the City of London School First Eight, for the Public Schools Head of the River Race, in which there were 35 entries. Both crews did well, especially the Westminster Second Eight, which came in 6th to Westminster First Eight's nth. Turning from coaching, the Captain and Smith rowed together in the Putney Head of the River race for a Thames Rowing Club crew mad e up entirely of men who had not been rowing for some months. This crew had its. first a nd last outing by rowing five miles up to the start, and then rowing the 41 mile race back with an expenditure of energy which the Aularian section of the crew regretted for many days afterwards! CREWS FmsT TORPID (which won its oars)

Bow.

B. F. W . Thomas J.P.lePelley 3. P. F. White 4 . M. Pike 5. P. M. Haynes 6. M. J. Plowden-Roberts 7. J. G. M. Scott Str . · F. F. Nicholls Cox. E. E. Murphy 2.

B ow. 2.

3· 4·

6. . 7. Str. Cox.

SECOND TORPID J. C. Graffy C. A. H. Skelton E. J. W. Snelling R. W. N. Skinner I. P. Foot N. G. L. R. McDermid G. Bennett D. Brotherton C. Campling

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

6. 7. Str. Cox.

READING CREW R. A . Mason C. A. H. Skelton B . F. W.. Thomas B. H. Holland P . M. H avnes M. J. Plo~den-Roberts J. G. M. Scott F. F. Nicholls E. E. Murphy

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE TRINITY TERM

After the Torpids res ult,Âˇ we were naturall3; opt1m1st1c about Eights, but this term we seemed to have more than our share of ill-luck. First came a shocking blow when one of the members of the First Eight, our dear fr iend Graham Kerr, was killed in a motor car accident . Many m embers cif the Boat Club will remember how valuable a colleague he had been . Hi s oarsmanship was of the highest quality, his courage in the struggling crews of the postwar yea rs was a great inspiration, arid his cheerful companionship will be remembered by many with d eep affection. Under this shadow , the fir st eight started to train on the Tideway, under the hospitality of the Thames Rowing Club. Such splendid progress was made there, and then at Oxford unde r th e skill of Mr. D. M. M. Carey, an ex-Capta_in of Boats, that we were, perhaps, over-optimistic. The crew kept trying under the coaching of Messrs. G. D. Clapperton and R. L. Arundel, but somehow we could not quite achieve the standard we were seeking '. The Second Eig ht, meanwhile, was beset w ith crewing problems, although in the last ten days befor e the races it improved greatly. Eights Week was a . d isappointment, if not exactly a disgrace . The First E igh t started sixth in Division I, and on the first d ay pursued Christ Church hotly . The Second Eight, starting 7th in Division II, did not, until the last day, row as well as it had in training, a nd on the first day barely escaped Trinity II. On the second day the First E igh t rowed its best race of the week , and got even closer to the House, while the Second Eight's row-over was much better. On the third day came ill-luck, for in the race I. P. Smith pulled his shoulder muscles , and the First Eig ht was nearly caught by Balliol as a result . The .crew rallied splendidly , however, and gained safety . For the rest of the week the crew was on t_h e defensive , a nd Smi'th gave a gallant performance by rowingwith a strapped-up shoulder, and suffering considerable pain in each race. The Second Eight again rowed over comfortably. On the fourth day, the First Eight r egained some of its form, but the Second Eight fell a victim to the upward ascent of the Queen' s First Crew. On the fifth day the First Eight was bumped by a very fast Merton crew, which was one of the best on the river this year. On the last day the Second Eight redeemed the Club b y bumping N ew College Second Eight, and so held its position on the river . The First Eight was up against Oriel, a crew as good

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as Merton 's. At the Gut Merton caught a crab, and for a moment the spectators thought we would catch them back. At this exciting pojnt, however, Merton was saved by Oriel bumping the Hall, and so the Hall Eight returned to the position of Sth in Division I, where it had started in 1948. For some time there had been plans for a Third Eight, and this year the Rugby Club, coached by the tireless Blair, turned out a good crew. Starting 2nd in Division VII, it put a Third Eight permanently on the River by making bumps on Hertford II and Jesus VI, thus entering Division VI. CREWS VIII R. A. Mason M. J. Plowden-Roberts B. F. W. Thomas I. P. Smith P. M. Haynes G. W. H. Adcock J. G. M. Scott F. F. Nicholls E. E. Murphy FIRST

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

S· 6.

7. Str. Cox.

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

S· 6.

7. Str. Cox.

SECOND VIII J. C. Graffy M. P. Kent I. P. Foote R. W. M. Skinner G . Bennett C. A. H. Skelton P. F. White M. Pike C. R. Campling

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

S· 6.

7. Str. Cox.

RUGBY VIII M. Turi C.R. Hill S. Hartley J. D. Reddick D. A. A . Weston ]. S. R. Lewis M. G. Knight M. C. H. Guyler P. ]. Frankis G.W.H.A.

THE REGATTA SEASON The disappointments of Eights Week were wiped out by the splendid performances of the Hall crews in the Regatta Season. An eight was taken to Godstow, where a crew was tried out as a potential entry for Henley Regatta, but with the disruption of Schools and the necessity to re-organise generally, we finally thought that we could not in time produce an eight of the quality we needed for Henley. A Junior Clinker Four crew trained for a few days for the short Maiden Fours race at Walton-on-Thames Regatta, and on the day E

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

gave a spirited performance, being beaten by inches by the opponents, who then went on to the fi,nal of the event. Next week came Marlow Regatta, and a Hall Coxwainless IV entered for the Town Cup. For its first ' heat it drew winners of the Coxwainless IVs at Walton Regatta, a crew stroked by a Cambridge Blue. After a hard and keen race the Hall won by f length in the time of 4 mins. 53 sees. This- was the best time put up in the Town Cup throughout the Regatta. In the next heat the Hall drew B.N.C., and was beaten after a fierce struggle by 1! lengths in 4 mins. 58 sees. B.N.C. then went on to win the Town Cup. If we were pleased by our four, however, the day was justly stolen by J. G. ,l\f. Scott, who brought great honour to himself and' the Hall, by winning the Marlow Junior Sculls, a cup which has. been won by many who afterwards became famous in the sculling world. Scott rowed two splendid races, each time rowing clown his opponents with excellent juclgment, and he won the Final 1n 5 mi.ns. 44 sees., 14 sees. faster than the Final of the Junior-Senior Sculls event! Scott has the distinction of being one of the very few Hall oarsmen to have won a sculling event (or, for that matter, any event) in a Regatta.

The season was crowned with the glory of Henley Royat Regatta. It was a brilliant week in which almost every recofd was broken, and the Hall entered into this spirit 'by shattering all Hall records for Henley with the best perform::ince put up by any crew since Hall crews have been to Henley. As the Eight had been abandoned, a new Coxwainless Four was. formed from 'the four stern oars of the First Eight, and was rightly dubbed the ' ten days wonder ' by virtue of its being in existence for only ten days from the time it started training to the time it rowed its last race. The crew worked together happily, and with a rare precision and quality of oarsmanship which is pleasingly revealed in the many pictures taken of the crew. Luck, moreover, returned to us, first with the acquisition of a splendid coach, Mr. G. Taylor, of London Rowing Club, and secondly in landing in the better side of the draw for the Wyfolcl Challenge Cup. For our first heat we drew Christ Church, and punished them for their behaviour in Eights Week by thrashing them easily in the tinie of 7 mins. 50 sees. On the second day we drew a Worcester College crew, who had beaten their rivals by 5 lengths on the previous day. vVorcester was beaten by 3t lengths in 7 mins. 58

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sees. We became the first Hall boat to win more than one event at Henley. On the Friday we drew Queen's College, Cambridge, and won by 3t lengths in 7 ruins . 41 sees., equalling the record time at Fawley (3 mins. 40 sees.) set up in 1925 : this was later broken on the same day. Our crew had by now attracted much attention by its performance. On the Friday we thus had to row in the semi-final of an event which had started with 37 entries from clubs from all over the country. vVe now had to meet Royal Chester Rowing Club, finalists in this event in 1948, and a crew which had trained specially for this event for many months. Our defeat was no disgrace, for it was dramatic. The spectators had been brought to their feet by the sight of the two crews constantly exchanging short leads all the way up the long and gruelling course. Near the finishing post, in a last mighty effort the Hall crew put everything into a spurt, but, alas, it had swung into the boom. The umpire gave a verdict of ' not rowed out,' being reluctant to give a formal verdict of lengths over the finishing post after such a close race. The members of the Hall crew had rowed the race of their lives, anc;l had once more brought the Hall Boat Club into honourable prominence. This year, then, despite Eights, the Hall has had its best se.ason since before the war, a practical tribute to keenness and devotion of the members of the Club, and to the inspiring support given by so many Aularians. REGATTA CREWS WALTON ' MAIDEN ' FOUR

Bow. 2.

3. Str. Cox.

C. Graffy R. W. M. Skinner I. P. Foote ]. S. R. Lewis C. R. Campling

MARLOW 'TowN CuP ' FouR

Bow. 2and Steers. 3Âˇ Str.

P. F. White M. J. Plowden-Roberts P. M. Haynes G. W. H. Adcock

WINNER OF THE JUNIOR SCULLS, MARLOW REGATTA

G. M. Scott

SEMI-FINALISTS OF THE WYFOLD CHALLENGE CUP FOURS, HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA

Bow. 2.

P. M. Haynes G. W. H. Adcock

3 and Steers. ]. G. M. Scott. Str. F. F. Nicholls. G.W.H.A,.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM Captain- F. F. NICHOLLS. Secretary-M.

PLOWDEN-ROBERTS.

We started the term . with high hopes for the University IVs, held in the fourth week of the term, but unfortunately we never regained our Henley form . Trinity II were beaten by the Hall in the 1st Round, but then the crew succumbed to Trinity I in the next round. With a nucleus of lasf term's Second VIII and several freshmen a Long Distanue VIII was formed. The result in tHe race at Radley was most disappointing, the crew dropping from rnth to 15th. This was due mainly to lack of racing technique. FIRST: VIII

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

5·

7. Str . Cox.

R. A. Mason M. J. Plowden-Roberts B. F. W. Thomas I. P. Smith P. M. Haynes G. W. H. Adcock ]. G. M. Scott F. F. Nicholls E. E. Murphy RUGGER VIII

SECOND VIII

Bow. 2.

3· 4·

S·

7. Str. Cox.

J.C. Graffy M. P. Kent G. Bennett R. W. M. Skinner I. P. Foote C. A. H. Skelton P, F. White M. Pike C. L. Campling

Bow. 2.

3· 4· 5. 6. 7~

Str. Cox.

M. Turl C.R. Hill S. Hartley J. D. Reddick D. A. A. Weston J. S. R. Lewis . M. G. Knight M. C. H. Guyler P. ]. Frankis

MARLOW IV

Bow. 2.

3. Str.

P. F. White M. ]. Plowden-Roberts P. M. Haynes G. H. vV. Adcock .

HENLEY IV

Bow. 2.

3. . Str.

P. M. Haynes G .. v,r. H . Adcock J. G. M. Scott · F : F. Nicholls

CoxLESS IV

Bow. 2.

3. Str.

P. M. Haynes M. J. Plowden-Roberts J. G. M. Scott F. F. Nicholls

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

VIII D. Smith R . Hodgson P . R. Sykes M. Pike P. Foote R . W . M. Skinner P. F. White J . Gillman M. A. Canning

LONG DISTANCE

Bow . 2.

3. 4. SÂˇ 6. 7. Str. Cox .

M.S.P.R. THE CRICKET CLUB TRINITY TERM

Captain- P. E. M.

HOLMES .

Secretary-M. G. A.

]ACK.

From the beginning of the season, when, by scoring 123 runs in 100 minutes the Hall defeated Jesus College, Holmes's policy has been to finish matches if possible - win or lose, and in any case to enjoy the game; each declaration was designed to give our opponents and our own bowlers a chance ; and when we batted second the orders were to go for the runs. We did so against St. Peter's Hall and lost, against Hertford and tied_, against Oxford City and won - by one wicket on the stroke of time, with R . V. Kings, who has batted soundly throughout the season, fittingly making the winning hit . The results of this policy are seen in the satisfactory number of finishes: Won, 6; Lost, 5; Tied, l ; Drawn, 3. J. A . G . C. Law scored a brilliant century against Southfields School; M. G . A. Jack put the Hall on the way to victory against Oxford City with a quick fifty; when all seemed lost against the Stoics A. H. Foot hit fifty rapid runs which saved our face if not the situation; and P. E. H. Holmes has always attacked the bowling - usually successfully. Our bowling has not always been as effective or as accurate as was hoped. There were, however, some exceptions : P . S. Snell (S for 15 v. Imperial College, London; S for 41 v. Emmanuel College, Cambridge) and A. H . Foot (S for 42 v. Hertford College) and for one over by P. IE. H . Holmes, in which three Hertford batsmen were lured to destruction, and 8 for 251 v. St. Catherine's. Finally we must congratulate J. A. G. C. Law on playing twice . for the University and P. S. Snell on being elected to the Authentics. R.E.A.

.10

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE CRICKET TOUR

First game against Hastings and St. Leonard's was drawn with the advantage to the Hall. We scored 284 for 4 in zt hours leavi~g them three hours during which they could only .reach 1g6 for 8 . The game was chiefly notable for a century scored by the veteran Alton . The next game versus Lewes Priory we won by six wickets largely due to the bowling of P. S. Snell, We lost to Lancing College, perhaps because the flower of our batting was suffering from an excess of necessary dogs hairs. The tour ended so far as cricket was concerned with an exciting match against Eastbourne. With two minutes to go the home side won by one run. We left with a feeling of admiration for the number of runs Alton could score without being out, the beauty of Holmes' style and with the frantic enquiries of the Sussex police for a small round friar. A.H.F. RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB HILARY TERM

Captain-F. E.

\iVAKELIN.

Secretary-A. W.

SHAW.

The main event in the Rugby Football world during the Hilary term is of course Cup-Ties ; last year - for the second season running-we were drawn against Trinity in the first round. It was an extremely Âˇhard-fought game, with both teams playing storming rugger, Trinity eventually won 11-3, but often th~ issue was in doubt . Trinity eventually went on to win the Cup, reckoning themselves fairly fortunate to have got through the first round! During the Trinity term, the Club, as is usual, put an ' eight ' on the river, and performed so well that they achieved three bumps in Eights Week-and secured a place in Division VI. The Michaelmas Term saw us having our first season in Division II in the Rugby Football League-which position we achieved by heading Division III jointly with -Keble College last .Year. Nobody would claim. that we exactly shone in our efforts in this League, but we did well enough to keep our place by beating Christ Church and Balliol and drawing with Keble and Lincoln . . ,W .e were beaten by Magdalen and Hertford in two quite even games, but a veil of decency must be drawn over our dehacle in our match with Brasenose. This term too saw our annual visit to Cambridge, for a game with Pembroke College there. Our hosts were wonderfully hospi~able, and quite embarassed us with their kindness. Incidentally that game ended in a draw! A.W.S.

ST. EDMUND HALL _MAGAZINE

.-\SSOCL\TION FOOTBALL CLUB HILARY TERM

Captain -

P . H. PHIZACKERLEY.

Sec1'eia1'y-A. T. CLARK.

The official record for this term reads: Played, 13; vVon, 2; Draw-n, 2 ; Lost, 9 . Goals for, 32 ; Goals against, 46- obviously a period of but varied success. Th e goal average was helped out considerably by a remarkable 14-3 victory over Cuddesdon. However, it may truthfully be said in mitigation that the Hall team was badly hit by injuri es. .-'\. T. Clark was rarely fit; C. B. Tembey broke a leg (and walked to the Radcliffe Infirmary w ithout realising the nature of his injury); C. A. Blackman tore several ligaments in his ankle; and the Chaplain had to give up the game altogether following a knee injury. Nevertheless, two good games were played. The first was against St. John's, Cambridge, who were perhaps fortunate to win 3__:2 ; and the second was a great fight in the first round of Cup-Ties against Exeter, who went on to win the tournament. Colours were awarded to G. G. Allen, C. A. Blackman and W. Weir. M1cHAEJMAs TERM

Captain -

M . ]. SuMMERLEE.

S ecretary-C. A . BLACKMAN.

The Captain was greatly surprised to find at the beginning of term, that no less than six freshmen played football. We were soon to learn that some of them played it extraordinarily well; and with a nucleus of defeat-hardened Seniors, the promise of the French Tour to keep everybody going, it was soon apparent that Hall Association fortunes were about to take a turn for the better. The season started with an enco uraging draw against B.N.C., last season's champions. Thereafter the Hall went from strength to strength, and had a run of 9 games without defeat. University and Oriel came nearest to spoiling our record. We experienced again the half-time gloom of yesteryears when Oriel succeeded in netting three times in the first half, but barnstorming t actics by t,he forwards enabled us to run out winners by the odd goal in 7. At this stage, t h e Hall was well in the running for the championship, but Magdalen came to the Parks and gave us a sound beating; and this setback was immediately followed by a most unforj:unate defeat at Pembroke, when it was forcibly demonstrated that the standard of refereeing in inter-college football is still not all that it should be. However, in the last match in the battle for

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

second place, the team put up its best performance of the season in beating Keble 2-1. The final league record reads: Played, l l ; Won, 6; Drawn, 3; Lost, 2. Goals for, 31; Goals against, 23and the Hall finished second to B.N.C. in Division I of the InterCollege League - its highest soccer attainment within contemporary memory. During the term, B . Bigley was elected to the Centaurs, and both he and M. J. Summerlee played for the University. C.A.B. FRENCH TOUR Towards the end of Hilary Term, 1949, the fortunes of the Hall ' Soccer' Club had reached an all-time low. Injuries, bad luck and bad play-all three could justifiably be held responsible for the settled cloud of gloom which rested upon the Club and its members. Then, like a ray of P'roven9al sunshine, came W. Weir's suggestion that we should tour France during the Christmas vacation. Some of the old hands shook their heads very doubtfully, and made gentle references to the past season's record; but with commendable optimism the suggestion was approved by the majority, and the Secretary was told to get busy. This he did ; and after six months of feverish planning, everything was ready. '

' At 9.5 a.m. of Sunday, 4 December, 18 Aularians, reinforced by W. P. E. Exelby of The Queen's, and M. C. W .e st of B.N.C. ' left Victoria en route for Paris via Newhaven-Dieppe. Graham Midgley came specially to raise a cheer of encouragement as the t rain moved out; and: then, with something of a shock, we realised that onus honoris A ulae rested upon us. We were due to play two games in Paris, against L' Association Sportive de la Police d' Etat de ]uvÂˇi sy on the-Tuesday, and against L'Union Sportive Decauville on the Thursday. Then to leave Paris. by the Thursday midnight t rain for Avignon, and to travel by coach from there to the villag~ of Villelaure, where two more matches had been. arranged. Perhaps it would be better to speak of the football first. At Juvisy we were most cordially received by the 'Commissaire de Police,' and entertained to lunch. At the ground, the Union Jack was hoisted, together with a Teddy-bear kindly loaned by )\faster Tidy, and then the Tricolour. The game itself was a hard-fought and- after the French team had recovered from the shock of

J UV I SY: LES C. \PIT .-\1 NS f:CH.-\ NGEN T DES SOUVEN IR S

.J V ! SY: L'.\LIG NEM ENT

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

. three very early goals against them - a remarkably even match, res ulting eventually in a 3-3 draw. Malcolm Summerlee, our Âˇ captain, had the bad luck to twist his ankle during the second half. To our great regret, we had to leave him at Juvisy for the duration. of the tour at the house of the most hospitable M. and Mme. Longay . His absence was a severe blow to our playing strength. The Sec retary, C. A. Blackman, beca me acting Captain . The match on Thursday was played in rain and high wind on a muddy pitch, which for some reason our French opponents thought would be to our liking. But they taught us several things a bout how to play under such conditions, and ran out worthy winners by 4 goals to 2. This ti me it was the turn of P. H. Phizackerley to be injured- another serjo us loss. After the game a vin d'honneur was given, at which the acting . Captain, profiting from his unfortunate experience of the previous Tuesday, when he had tried to make a: speech in French, wisely spoke in English, which was expertly interpreted by \i\T. Weir for the benefit of our hosts. Memories of our stay in Paris are already a little vague. It is certain that M . C . West sang for his Champers in 'Le Parnasse ,' and that conductor W eir showed a select and serious party everything that should be seen in the city. We were left with a general impression of spacious squares, of convection-current traffic, a nd of police whistles. It struck us as being remarkable that we were able to sit outside the cafes drinking wine, dressed only in sports coats and flann els, in mid-winter. Yes - and practically everyone did go to the Foli es Bergere . We were very tired when we climbed a board the southbound train on the Thursday even ing. After a memorably sleepless night we arrived in Avignon at a.m. to be met by the Secretary of Villelaure S.O.C., 'the Proven9al bombshell,' M. Marcel Ricard . In a. daze we were swept around Avignon, being introduced to the Palais des P apes, and many of M. Ricard 's Âˇsporting fri ends. Our acting Captain wrote a sleepy message in Th e Golden Book of Sport. At 4.30 p.m. our coach left for the hills and Villelaure. The drive was one of astonishing beauty, the crimson sweep of ,the dying winter sun flooding the fertile country of Vaucluse in a deep rich yellow light; it was an unforgettable experience and certainly the fin est of the whole tour. II

As the coach c.l imbed higher, we noticed that at one or two of the hill villages, people had co ngregated outside the cafes to smile

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and wave to us by way of welc?me. Then, we drove into Villelaure ... it seemed as if every inhabitant was out, chattering, laughing and waving, in one narrow little street. Two formidable-looking rockets were let off to announce our arrival to the neighbouring countryside, and we were all shepherded into the Cafe de Commerce to drink ' Pastisse.' A microphone suddenly appeared in the hand of the President of the S.0.C., who proceeded to make an alarmingly long speech orf welcome which was translated for the benefit of all second and _third year men. The microphone was then thrust at our acting Captain, who was moved by the occasion to speak in French. The crowd outside rec~ived it so well that he could not subsequently be restrained from making speeches in French at every possible opportunity. As the S.O.C. had made the handsome gesture of providing accommodation for us amongst the families of the village, the next business was the allocation of les A nglais. But les A nglais were in process of picking their team for the morrow - the crowd outside the cafe was trying to get in, the crowd inside was trying to get out - M. Ricard was trying to refill all the empty glasses on the table with ' Pastisse,' and the President was occupied in looking as if his life's ambition had been fulfilled. Confusion engulfing nineteen weary Aularians. Confusion - darkness -fade-out. In the brilliant sunshine and exhifarating cold air of the next morning, the party assembled early, and was taken by c'oach to Ansouis Castle, a still-inhabited chateau, whose battlements gave magnificent views of the cultivated plains and snow-capped mountains beyond. It was also equipped with the modern refinement of an open-air swimming-pool. vVe were back in Villelaure in time for the municipal reception at 11 a.m. The Secretary was presented with a bouquet by a very small girl, and after more speeches, the assembly trooped outside to the War Memorial, on which the bouquet was placed. Two short sentences were said, a minute's silence observed, and then we sang 'Tippe~ary ': a spontaneous, but impressive little ceremony.

M. Ricard had informed us by letter that the game on Saturday would be against some neighbour village of Villelaure. We had been not a little alarmed to discover, upon our arrival, that in reality it was against Aix-a sizeable university town. The numerous posters announcing the match, which we saw as we drove into Aix, served only to increase our apprehension. Playing on an unusually hard ground, the Hall did well to hold the Aix team to a 3-3 draw.

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As was the case in all our matches, the refereeing was of a very high standard. At the vin d'honneur given after the game, an official told us that Aix intended to spend 4 million francs on a new stadium - a striking demonstration of the widespread enth.u siasm for soccer we found everywhere. The vin d'honneur was followed by a generous banquet, and a grand internati onal ball. Our Villelaurien friends brought us to our beds at 2.30 a.m. After a much-needed lie-over in the morning, we took the field against the Villelaure team in bitterly cold weather (le Mistral, n'est-ce pas?) at 3 in the afternoon. After runriing round the field to say 'hello ' to the crowd in the usual French manner, the two teams lined up around the centre-circle while the Municipal Band did us the signal honour of playing through all five verses of ' God save the King . ' As usual, the Secretary presented the Hall coat of arms to the French captain, and received a handsome white satin pennant in return. This time, the Captain's fiancee was in charge of the presentation ceremony, and the Secretary was actualy kissed in front of his men. Unfortunately, amidst all this excitement, the referee forgot to toss the coin, and the H all found itself playing into the teeth of the Mistral. The British Vice-Consul in Marseilles kicked off, and Villelaure S.O.C. proceeded to give r r very tired Englishmen a lesson in fast and forceful football - before a record crowd . . When the final whistle blew, the score was 4-2 to Villelaure; the French team was not flattered. However, the general gloom consequent upon our second defeat was soon dispelled by the jest and gaiety of the evening's banquet. This was a remarkable and joyous affair, the only drawback being that it is impossible to eat, drink and sing all at the same time. However, we did our best. B. Bigley '.s rendering of 'Allouette' was an enormous success. It was with regret that we had at last to leave the m eal, in order Âˇto represent the Anglais part of the Grand Bal Franco-Anglais which was being waged that evening in our honour. West scored another great triumph at the microphone, Exelby be-bopped in a yellow jumper, and the Secretary made his final speech. It may safely be said that our evening performance adequately compensated for our rather disappointing display in the afternoon . The morrow was the time for goodbyes. After lunching together in the cafe, which we knew quite intimately by now, and drinking with due solemnity the toast of Flor eat A ula, 'we went out

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to our waiting coach. The families who had entertained us with their overwhelming Âˇhospitality had gathered to say ' au revoir.' We moved off singing ' Allouette ' ; and the long journey home had begun. J:he tour was over; all that remained was the tale to be told, aqd the letters of thanks to be written to the new friends we had found ' in this little nook of Provence.' C.A.B. THE HOCKEY CLUB MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain - D . P. Trnv.

Secretary~

CLARKE.

With only four of last year's team not available, prospects for the term appeare,d hopeful, and after a somewhat disappointing spell at the beginning, when the team had to be constantly changed owing to the fact that A. H. Foot, D. P. Tidy and B. E.Cookewere playing frequently for the Occasionals (the former pair already being members, and Cooke having been elected this term), the team settled down well, and won the last four matches. in Âˇconvincing style. A most enjoyable fixture was played in London versus R.N.C., Greenwich, and it is hoped that this will be an annual event, and R.A.F., Brize Norton were entertained at home in a very interesting match. Promising newcomers were G . B. Archer, W.' Summers and R. D. Strapps. The ' A ' XI and Second XI won most of their matches, and a word of thanks is due to M. F : H. Ellerton for captaining the Second XI on several occasions, keeping goal, and playing at right half, and on yet other occasions umpiring. Thanks are due to all the umpires and others who have made the season so pleasant. P. S. Taylor was awarded his colours. J.S.C. HILARY TERM

Captnin-N . S.

BROOME

Secretary -W. H. A.

TO'l'HILL

The Hockey Club this t~rm has met with moderate success, losing more games than it has won, but forcing a draw in a large number of matches. In Cup-Ties we beat St. Catherine's Society after a very hardfought game in which N. S. Broome scored a beautiful ' Captain's ' goal in extra time to win the match 2 - 1 . After this the team got

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a bye and we then had to meet University College , who beat us 3-r. It was consoling that this team went on to win the Finals. The spirit has been confident owing to our Captain, and our fixture card. full, owing to the Secretary . D. P. Tidy was elected Captain and J. S. Clarke Secretary for the ensuing season. A. Foot and D. Tidy frequently turned out for the Occasionals during the te:m to their benefit, but our detriment. J.S.C. THE ATHLETIC CLUB HILARY TERM

President-C.

WooococK.

Secretary- J. M.

CARR.

In the Inter-College Athletic Cup-Ties, which were run under the revised system by which ' seeding ' of College teams was abolished, the Hall drew a bye into the second round. Our opponents were Lincoln, B.N .C. and Hertford, and all were equally handi~ capped by the heavy condition of the track. Our successes included two firsts (both sprints won by N . D. Stacey) and one second (J. H. B. Williams in the High Jump). Lincoln College passed into the finals, and there gained the Shield. The Hall finished the second round in third place, with I 20 points, defeating Hertford. Other proposed fixtures were regretfully cancelled because of the difficulty of raising a team, but a friendly match with Âˇour particular associates and rivals, Keble College, took place over the cross-country course on 22 January, and resulted in a defeat for the Hall team. J .M.C TRINITY TERM

Nesident-C.

J. \VooococK.

Secretary- J. M.

CARR.

At present, the Trinity term is the ' close ' season for Athletics, and there is little to report. In wider fields, N. D. Stacey ran exceptionally well in the 0. U .A.C. Sp0rts to record the fastest time over the 220 yards of any Englishman since the war-2r.8 sees . J. H. B. Williams has competed successfully for the Centipedes in the High Jump.

Officers elected by the Club for the Season 1949-50 are: Captain, N. D. Stacey; Secretary, J. H. B. Williams; CrossCountry Runnj ng Representative, M. S. Rogers. J.M.C.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain -

N. D. STACEY

Secretary-]. H. B. VVILLIAMS

Captain (Cross-couhtry)-M. S. RoGERS. Âˇ There is nothing to report for Athletics owing to the relaying of the University track. In the field of cross-country running, however, it has been encouraging to fiq.cl such keen support amongst the freshmen, and already, through the great efforts of the regulars of the Club, the Half is again firmly established in the crosscountry activities of the University. E. L. Cunnell is to be congratulated on his efforts in the University sphere, and M. J. Fawcett and H. A. Shearring deserve praise for their efforts on behalf of the Hall team. A profitable term's running, ending with a fine win against Cuddesdon College. M.S.R.

THE

LAW~

TENNIS CLUB

TRINITY TERM

Captain- J. R.

PAUL

Secretary~

L. I. STOWE

The Hall was fortunate in having aboÂľt twelve players of a good standard, from whom a most successful team 'Yeas produced in the course of the term. Three League matches were lost by small margins and four were won well, so that the Hall was finally placed third in the First Division of Colleges. The Second Team was always too good for its opponents and finished the season without losing a match. The grass courts in the University Parks were used sparingly for matches, but were in great demand by many members of the Hall, thanks to an unusually dry Trinity Term. This year saw the revival of the fixture with and it is hoped that this match will now continue the term a most enjoyable handicap doubles played. The large entry for this event included the S.C.R. Colours were awarded for I949 to gomery and H. E. Street.

the Old Aularians annually. During tournament was three members of

R. Moss, M.

Mont-

J.R.P.

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THE SWIMMING CLUB MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain - P. R.

Secretary-D.

TURK

CRAVEN

This term the Hall has taken part in the Inter-College Water Polo League. Unfortunately the standard of play, in spite of a revival of interest in water polo as in swimming generally, is still not high - this is due, not to any lack of keenness, but simply to lack of opportunities for practice. Four :matches were played, against Trinity-and-Magdalen, Corpus; St. John's and Keble, but were all lost. P.R.T. HILARY TERM

Captain-A.

;\RTHUR

Secreia'ry-P. R.

TURK

The Hall did not enter a team for the \Nater Polo Cup-Ties, but we did take part in the Swimming events. v\,Te were represented by a team of five, and our best result was in the 50 yards Individual Back Stroke race, where our man took second place. 'rhere were no Club activities during the Trinity Term. Âˇ . P.R.T. THE SQUASH RACKETS CLUB HILARY TERM

Captain-P. R.

PHIZACI{ERbEY

Secretary-]. R.

PAUL

The First V, despite losing two regular members of the undefeated team of the Michaelmas Term, lost only two matches in a strong fixture list of eleven matches. It was most disappointing that the first match the Hall lost this season was in the first round of Cup-Ties ; the match being decided by a close game between the fifth strings. The Second V lost only une match, of five played, by three games to two against Merton. In three matches all five members of the team won their games. The regular First V consisted of the Captain and Secretary, J. A. G. C. Law, R. F. Benton and J. R. Moss; the last was awarded his Colours this term. A Handicap Tournament was played for a prize kindly presented . by the Vice-Principal, himself a freq'uent and successful player: in friendly matches. In the final. of the Competition, D. A. Ellis defeated M. J Montgomery. At a meeting of Squash Colours, J. R. Paul was elected Captain and J. R. Moss Secretary for the following season. J.R.P.

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE MICHAELMAS TERM

Captain -

PAUL

Secretary~

R. Mos.s

Michaelmas Term saw the inauguration of the Squash Racquets League, and the First V, after playing consistently well in all their games, deservedly came out top of their Divisioi;i. The fixture list was a formidable one, and the team merits congratulation on beating the majority of their opponents in spite of possessing no really . outstanding player. A novel occasion, and a successful one, was the match arranged in London against Imperial College. The Hall team were ' without the services of two regular players, but the Londoners were only able to claim victory after some closely fought contests. The success of the Hall V throughout the term was in no small measure due to J. R. Paul, who is to be congratulated on his election to the Squirr.els. Other members of the team were J. R. ~oss, P. H. Phizackerley, J. A. G. C. Law and R. W. Benton, whiie the assistance of the Vice-Principal and D. A. Ellis was greatly welcomed in times of emergency . J.R.M.

DR. SHAW IN BARBARY

HE portrait of Dr. Thomas Shaw, bluff and square-jawed, that hangs in the dining-hall may now have a greater inter~st for those Aularians whom the war took to North Africa and to the Levant. Dr. Shaw, Principal fn?m 1740 to 1751, was the first Englishman to furnish the learned world with a comprehensive account of the geography, natural history and civil state of those parts of the Mediterranean. In a handsome folio volume published by the Oxford University Press · in 1738, and entitled Travels and Observations relating to Several Parts of Barbary and the Lin•ant, he set out the frui•t s of his journeys and researches during the twelve years that he was a chaplain to the English Factory at Algiers.

This book was much appreciated at the time of its issue and continued for the next hundred years to win the praises of men of science. It passed into three editions, the last being: published in 1808; and it was translated into French; Dutch and German. It was well furnished with maps and plates illustrative of buildings, coins and inscriptions, and of the fauna, flora and fossils of the regfo11s that he visited.

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After graduating from Queen's as B.A. in 1716 Shaw took holy orders. In January, 1720, he prnceeded to the degree of M.A., and in March was appointed by the King, at a salary of £100 a yea r, to be chaplain to the small communi ty of English merchants trading in Algiers, then under Turkish rule. At the ,t ime of accepting this post he was about 26 years of age. As is fully evidenced by his book, he ha d an enquiring frame of mind and was an eager and critical observer. H e had an exceptionally wide range of interests : studen ts of nature no less than those of antiquity have had reason to be grateful for his descriptions and discoveries. His book is not cast in narrative form : it would probably have interested a far wider public if it had been. Sir H ans Sloane, President of the Royal Society, who encouraged Shaw to publish this · record of his travels and investigations , seems to have felt tha·t a narrative treatment of his subj ect would have been preferable; for, in writing to Sloane from Algiers in 1730, Shaw expresses himself a s obliged ' for the friendship you are so kind to shew me in advising m e to put my observations into the method of a Diary ' 1 But this advice came too late. Shaw explains to Sloane that his chief intention had been ' to adjust the ancient geography and to make what discoveries I would in the Plants and other Branches of Natural History ' : and owns that he had only ·noted in his Journal ' how many Hours we were travelling from one noted place to another and in what Direction.' 'What other inferior Places or occurrences of lesser moment fell in my w~y,' he tells Sloane, · I on purpose omitted them as of no moment at all to the publick, and as matters only for private discourse and Entertainment.' In the preface to his work he states emphatically that his 'principal design and intent' had been 'in a literary way, and with as much brevity as the subject would admit of, not barely to amus e and divert, but to inform and instruct the curious reader.' In determining what matters were worthy of r ecord he was chiefly influenced all along by the relevance that his observations might have for the elucidation of the writings of biblical and ancient authors. H e seems to have felt, however, that some small con:eession was due to ,t hose readers who might consider that ' the .m ethod of travelling or surveying these countries and the diet and r eception of the traveller, the hardships and dangers to which he ;is exposed, and other incidents of the like nature' were matters ' of too great curiosity to be entirely passed over and neglected.' 1

Brit. Mus .. Sloane MSS. 3986. fo. 60.

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Accordingly, he placed in his preface 'in one view such of the most remarkable circumstances and occurrences as made up the diary-part of his travels.' Except in his preface Shaw contrived only too well to keep himself out of the picture. Occasionally he makes mention of the date at which he was at a particular place: and it is only by reference to these passages that it is possible in some measure to ascertain the years in which his various journeys were made an_d to reconstruct the courses of the:m. After his arrival in the Mediterranean he seems to have spent the best part of a year visiting the Levant. H e was in Cairo in July, 1721, and in September and October that year he made one of his more hazardous journeys overland to visit St . Katherine's Monastery on the slopes of Mount Sinai. After returning . to Egypt he seems to have gone by sea to Aleppo in D ecember and to have made his way through Syria, Lebanon a nd Palestine to Jerusalem, which he reached in April, 1722. Subsequent to this there appears to be no clue to his movements uÂˇn til 1724, in which year he refers to his having been 'aboard the Gazella, an Algerine cruiser of 50 guns, bound to Bona,' 2 when an earthquake occurred . In writing of the rainfall in Barbary he remarks that while he was at Tunis in February and March, 1728, it had rained for forty successive days. 3 From this a nd other references it appears that he was in the kingdom of Tunis during the winter of 1727 and the spring of 1728 . One of his last journeys must have been through the western part of Algeria in 1732, as he has occasion to record his being that year near the river Arhew with Seedy Mutafa, Khalifa of the western province. Shaw in travelling abo ut - I . propose here only to. tr.eat of his travels in North Africa - was greatly aided by his official connexion with the English factory at Algiers and had placed at his disposal horses, ja'nissaries and servants by the English consuls .at Algiers ~nd Tunis. He generally found it unnecessary to travel with a larger escort than three spahis and a servant, 'all of us,' he adds, 'well armed with g uns, pistols and scimitars . ' For his expedition to visit Arab districts south of the Atlas. Mountains he increased the number of his escort, as also when travelling on the frontier between the kingdom of Algiers and Tunis or ' where two contiguous clans were at variance.' In towns and villages he usually lodged for the night at the house provided by the local 2

The Travels (3rd ed.) i, 278.

ibid . i, 249.

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community for the reception of strangers, 'as there were no inns or public houses to entertain us, and private families would never admit us.' Some times he found the public rest-house already taken up, or the maharak in charge of it inclined to be surly and disobliging; and then, he remarks significantly, r shamatan, as they call brawls and discord, ensued.' In the open country he generally took his chance with regard to both food and lodging. To have taken tents. would have been, as he explains, not only cumbersome and expensive, but would have raised the suspicion ' that the persons they belonged to were of a more than ordi~ary rank and condition, and consequently would be too .rich and tempting a booty to be suffered to escape.' He generally look>ed out for a Âˇ douwar' or encampment of Bedouin tents and relied on the Arab obligation to give the spahis and those in their company the mounah, 'which is just a sufficient quantity of provisions for ourselves, together with straw and barley for our mules and horses.' First, there was produced the customary bowl of milk and a b:asket of figs, raisins, or dates, and then the master of the tent where they were to lodge would fetch from his flock, according to the number to be catered for, a kid, a lamb or a sheep, 'half of which was immediately seethed by his wife, and served up with cuscasooe, the rest was made kak-ab, i.e. cut into pieces and roasted, which were served for our breakfast or dinner the next day.' Shaw is restrained in his des~ription of places and scenery, but the sight of an Arab encampment evidently impressed him greatly. ' Nothing certainly can afford a more delightful prospect,' he writes, ' than a large extensive plain, whether in its verdure, or .e ven scorched up by the sun-beams, than those moveable habitations pitched in circles upon them.' 4 He had seen, he says, as many as three hundred tents in one encampment. If, when he was travelling in the wild, he could not find at nightfall a convenient daskrah or village 'made up of mud-walled hovels or gurbies ,' or in the plains a douwar of Bedouin tents, he and his attendants made shift with 'the shelter of a cave or grove of trees, the shelve of a rock, or with some ancient arches that have formerly belonged to so many cisterns,' but not until they had looked to their horses, ' as they were,' he remarks, ' always Âˇ our first care.' Although he suffered some rough treatment at the hands of Arab freebooters m the course of his journeys in the Levant and 4

ibid. i, 398.

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Arabia ÂˇPetraea, he seems to have come no nearer to misadventure ii:J. Barbary than to see, when he was travelling through ' a lonesome uncomfortable desert, the resort of cut-throats and robbers,' in South Tunisia, the recent blood of a Turkish gentleman, who with" three of his servants had been murdered two days before~ ' Here,' he goes on to relate, ' we were likewise ready to be attacked by fiv e of these Harammees, who were mounted upon black horses and clothed, to be less discerned , with burnooses of the like colour. But finding us prepared to receive them, they came up peaceably to us and gave us the aslemmah.' 5 He seems to have found it a wise precaution ' to be disguised in the habit of the coun try or to be dressed like one of his spahis.' Sometimes when he feared that there were Harammees in the vicinity or when he wished to avoid excessive summer heat, he travelled by night. . Sh aw had cause to remark on the unceasing attention with which he was visited by vermin and insects of all kinds in Barbary. ' Besides fleas and lice, ' h e writes, ' which might be said, without a miracle, to be here in all their quarters, the apprehensions we were under in some parts at least of this country, of being bitten or stung by the scorpion, the viper, or the venomous spider, rarely failed to interrupt our .repose.' One of his spahis, a tha_leb or writer, when one of these intruders was seen used to mutter a few mystical words and then bid the company ' to take courage and not be afraid of such creat ures, as he had made it tame or harmless by his charms and incantations.' But Shaw seems to have drawn little comfort from this practice. If he had been courteously entertained by Bedouins, he used to give the master of the tent a knife; a couple of flints, or a small quantity of English gunpowder, 'which being much stronger than their own, is in gre~t esteem, and kept chiefly for the priming of :heir fire-arms.' And if the good man's wife 'had been obliging also in her way, by making our cuscasooe s avoury, and with expedition, she would .return a thousand thanks for a skean of thread, or for a large needle, or for a pair of :scissors, all of them great ra:ities ; and very engaging presents with these people . An ordinary silk handkerchief, of two shillings value, was a present for a princess.' Owing to the scarcity of flints in some parts of Barbary, English merchant vessels that shipped a quantity of them in the Downs for ballast on leaving England disposed of them, so Shaw relates, a t Algiers for seven shillings the quintal. 6 5 6

ibid. i, ibid. i,

238. 28I.

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As it was one of Shaw's objects to establish more accurately than hitherto the positions of places and the distances between them, he made a practice of alighting at noon to take the sun's m eridia n altitude and thereby adjust the latitudes, 'observing all along the course and direction of our travelling by a pocket .compass.' Excluding the ti~e ta ken up in making these and other observations his day's journeys in North Africa seldom exceeded nine hours. ' Our consta:::t practice, ' he w rites, ' was to rise Âˇ at break of day , set forward with the sun, and travel till the middle of the afternoon; at which time we began to look out for the encampm ents of the Arabs, who , to prevent such p a rties as ours from livi ng at free charges upon them, take care to pitch in woods, vallies, or places the least conspicuous.' And he admits that, unless they discovered their flock s , the smoke of their tents, or h eard the barking of their dogs, it w as sometimes with difficulty if at all that they found them . A.B.E.

(To be continued)

THE PALIO

F . EvV day s b efore r6 August I was with friends among the crowds thro nging the cobbled Piazza del Campo in Siena. Into the stifling heat of the parched Chianti country surged Italians and people of all nationalities to watch a spectacle. The Palio, howeve r, is fa r more than this : it is not just a glorious display to watch, but the continuation of the medieval spirit which infuses the townsfolk of Siena. Som e imagine it to be a curious s urvival, as if Siena goes back twice a year to the days of Lando di Pietro, the architect of the n ew Duom o , as if time which stayed the r eorientation of the cathedral a lso left the people - the P ali o . The Englishman in Italy is most struck by the intense capacity for com plete, unselfconscious enjoyment in the Italian. My first experience of this was in the three days student celebrations in Padua, where, in February each year, the whole town is h eld to ransom by the successors of those students who opposed the Austrians in 1848. The ro.ots of the Palio, of course, are much older, but the significance of the Palio , as w ith the Paduan celebrations, is that the roots are alive and there is a whole tree springing from them. The Sienese :gives himself over to the sustained fe stivi ties of the Palio which is jus t as much part of his life as pressing the grapes. Typical of this is the memory of the ba ttle of Montaperti with

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which they still taunt the Florentines, They recall this battle after :s even hundred years, but try to forget Dante's hard words about them: ' Or fu gia mai Gente si vana come la sanese? Certo non la francesca si d'assai ! ' 1 The ,w ord ' Palio ' stands for. the pageant and h,o rse race whic)l are held on 2 July, the day of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary to Saint Elizabeth, and on 16 August, the feast of the Assumption. but the Palio proper is the silken banner or pallium, the trophy of the race. Naturally its origins are difficult to trace, and historians seem Âˇ to disagree whether these popul~r games and displays were the peace-time recreations of soldiers or the medieval substitute for the cinema. Howe~er they grew up, there are seventeen contrade or districts in Siena, each of which has adopted some particular emblem by which. it is known, such as a goose, owl, unicorn, dragon, or snail. At each .Palio ten of these contrade have a horse which is raced three times .round the main square to win the silken banner and the prize-money of a few shillings. The seven <listricts not competing run in the second Palio of the year, together , with three from the other ten chosen by lot. At the turn of each century- by which I mean the years 'oo - all. seventeen districts <:ompete - an event considered too dangerous, in view of 't he narrowness and difficvlties of the track, to be repeated every year . .On the morning of 13 August, a number of horses, provided free and at the owners' risk, were led into the courtyard of the Podesta for examination. The horses were sized and tested and the ten which were considered equal in endurai;ice, strength and peri'ormance were selected, each being marked with a number. The allocation of the horses to the contrade was ceremonious and fair: the naines of the contrade and the number of a horse were drawn simultaneously from two urns, with anxious crowds watching. A fanfare of silver trumpets announced each draw. That evening the first of the trial runs took place. Of the five trials this was the most exciting because in it the jockeys have to prove their worth. If. a <listrict is dissatisfied it can change its rider. The horses, howe\ler, <:annot be changed under any circumstances, and to prevent interference, armed men guard them night a nd day. In the later trials the horses only canter round, getting used to the course, and their performance is no augur of the issue on the day. ' 1

Inferno, xxix, 1 2 1-3. 'Was there ever such an exhibitionist and va in people as the Sienese? They are far worse th an the French!'

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I was staying with a Sienese family where feeling ran high, though fortunately for me not so high as in some families where the rivalry between the contrade becomes so violent that man and wife part company, each going back to his native contrada for the period of the Palio, leaving the children to fend for themselves or take sides. Ror days, conversation was limited to the form of the horses and to speculations about the pacts thaf the foreign ministers of each district would make with his rivals, paying to win or receiving payment to assist an ally with a better mount to win. Patriotic enthusiasm is stimulated by the 'showing of the flag.' This is a highly skilled and fascinating performance - particularly in the narrow streets festooned with wires and cables. The alfieri, or costumed flag-bearers of the contrade, describe dexterous and complicated patterns with their flags, sweeping them along the ground, throwing them in the air and catching them behind their backs and between their legs, yet never getting them entangled. To one side stands the tamburino who beats his drum in accompaniment. An army of men had been transforming the semi-circular Piazza into a vast amphitheatre. The perimeter of the arc is bounded by shops, the Casadei Nobili and the Chigi Palace, while at each end of the diameter a slight incline lowers the level of the square to a flat stretch in front of the Palazzo del Comune, above which towers the red brick and white marble of the beautiful Torre del Mangia. The effect is of a concave fan with an extended focal point formed by the fac;ade of the medieval town hall. Tiers of solid wooden planks depend from the sides of the shops lining the square, and are protected by a substantial wooden fence on which is painted a neutral design of olive-green and fawn. The two entrances into the square are blocked by heavy balcony arches of great baulks of black painted timber, while the large central area is enclosed with a wooden fence. The course lies flanked by these two fences, and such is the conformation of the square that it is visible along most of its length from any point in the Piazza. Soil to the depth of about two inches is spread on the cobbles to make the track . About .3 p.m. preparations for the pageant began. Each contrada provides a contingent dressed in the traditional fifteenth century costumes. I was able to attach myself to the district of the Dragon. Everyone treated me as some foreign literary eccentric, since it was the town librarian who had introduced me into the company. An independent effort that I had made to be dressed in another cont1'ada had failed, because the man whose

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position I was hoping to take had had his call-up deferred by the commandant of the A rmy depot, himself a Sienese, expressly so that he could take part in the Patio.. My costume as a page and standard bearer consisted of yellow and green hose, a white, embroidered blouse, and a gold-faced Sherwood green tunic pulled in by a leather belt, from which hung a purse. Leather gloves, pointed leather pump s and a green velvet Di:1 reresqlie hat completed th e costume . A knight by m e was climbing into his armour, while his squires were dangerously swinging his sword and testing the efficiency of his helmet. Page boys, ' people,' horsemen and grooms grew into · the ·history of the room which was lined with the Palii of previous victories. The movements of our cont ingent after leaving the headq uarters are typical of all the con trade. vVe collected a g·aily caparisonep horse, which only the previous day had been drawing a cart, and, preceded by the tamburino and the alfieri, went in procession to various points in the district, such as the church and the houses of the Captain and Prior to pay homage with a display of flags. At · each stop we quenched our thirst in the nearest hostelry. These duties done, we paraded through the town still pausing to salute at important points, a n d often, I a m convinced, just stopping to show off the prowess of our alfieri . V!hen we enc?untered a rival contingent, we ignored it; but saluted our allied contrade whom we met in our progress through the town. Eventually we all conv erged upon the Cathedral square before gathering in t he courtyard of the police headquarters. From there the whole pageant proceeded down to the Piazza del Campo . We paused in the wings to refresh ourseh·es at a restaurant in the narrow via del Casato w hich had assumed t he a nimation of the Middle Ages. A curious fellowship sprang up , w hich was more than a chianti camaraderie. The scene in this tave rn a nd outside in the street was most natu ral and in harmony w ith the buildings - one would have said a scene from Ambrogio Lorenzetti or Simone di Martino. Our feat ures were coarse and heavy like those of the medieval peasan t, or they had the fin er lineaments of the burgher or the squire . \tVe were not the twentieth century in medieval dress acting a part, but medieval folk on h olid ay enjoying 1he fun. It could not be otherwise in such surroundings as Siena . One by one the various p a rts of the pageant entered the square to the mellow measured tolling of the great bell in the T orre del 1\!angia . In the vast central enclosure about fifty thousand people

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were having the life squeezed out of them, crushed by their neigbours, with the late afternoon sun beating down relentlessly-except upon those lucky thousands over whom the shadow of the Torre lay like some giant clock finger. Packing the temporary stands, crowded on balconies, leaning out of windows, even clamped precariously on roof-tops - there was not a point, however distant, giving a view on the square, which was not occupied. Hanging 路 from most of the windows were banners and richly coloured stuff. Like the Union Jack of the patriotic English family, they are stored for 路s pecial occasions. When first I saw such cloths displayed for a fe.sta in Naples I thought they were counterpanes hung out to air - and indeed in the poorer quarters of the town this was exactly what they were. High above the square floated balloons, often escaping from the jubilant spirit to whom they were anchored and being blown by the rising heat over the parched fi elds to carry news of the Palio to San Gimignano and Monte Oliveto. Through all the massed confusion of people and colour the eye was impelled by the natural conformation of the Piazza to the flags of the contrade hanging limply in front of the Palazzo del Comune waiting to be joined by the Palio itself. On to the track, cleared by a posse of mounted police, came the vanguard of the pagea nt - six macebearers and the standard bearer who bore the city's flag-Sena Vetiis Civitas Virginis. This first portion represented the former splendour of old civic life. Six trumpeters with silver trumpets and twelve other musicians playing the' March of the Palio, 路' which is based on medieval melodies , preceded thirty-six ensigns each representing the various authorities of the ancient Sienese State. The second group was opened by the Captain of the People and closed by the detachments from the ten competing contrade. Twelve pages, shoulders festooned with laurel leaves, opened the third group , which contained the contingents from the seven non-competing contrade Among these figured the Dragon, one of whose pages was a disguised and rather anxious Aularian. The shouts of incredulous friends who recognised me behind my costume increased my embarrassment, which was in no measure relieved by the close proximity of deliriously excited spectators. Not knowing the temper of the crowd I gripped my flag firmly and trusted to monosyllabic replies, a deaf ear and impassive face, to avoid altercation with the supporters of rival . contrade among the onlookers. When J answered the non-Sienese wanting to know the name of my conti路ada I limited m yself to 'Drago !' pronounced with the fully

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authentic accent, and hoped no one would suspect I was a foreigner. The circuit of the square occupied half an hour, and all the while the alfieri were competing .to gain the loudest applause from the crowd . . The thin line of vivid colour - scarlet, white, green, gold, blue, black, brown - made the modern ·summ~r creations look drab by comparison. Behind us followed the representatives of the eight major city gilds, each . with its standard, and with its members dressed as .fifteenth century goldsmiths; '' carpenters, painters an<;! other craftsmen. The closing group opened with the Captain of Justice on horseback and representatives of the six districts no longer in existence. Behind these, drawn by four white oxen, came the massive carro di trionfo - a richly carved, gilded and decorated cart from .the centre of which rose a flag-pole bearing t~e Palio and the city standard. In this processional waggon sat four men, who in ancient times were the masters of ceremonies at the popular games, and six trumpeters whose fanfares were punctuated by the tinkling of the thirteenth-century bell hung from the tiag-pole, which used to summon the medieval Home Guard to the defence of the Republic. The whole procession closed sombrely with leather-tunicked runners who used to enforce mayoral.authority. In all, five hundred costumed figures and thirtysix horses - a cross section of life in medieval Siena. · As each part of the procession completed the circuit it was arranged on a grandstand in front of the Palazzo del Comune, and on the highest point stood the musicians who played a fanfare as prelude to the final sbandierata. For this the chief alfieri of all the districts stood in the middle of the track and saluted with their flags, ·ending by throwing them high into the air. The horses which are to race have realised their importance ' during the ceremonies of the early afternoon. Together with their jockey they have been to receive the Church's blessing and be sanctified by the sprinkling of holy water. Again, how typical of the Italian mind! ' The horse is led into church; and no more incongruity is felt than in seeing marrows on the chancel steps at an English harvest festival. Should the horse exerdse a natural function·, this is considered a fine augur of success. During the sbandierata the trappings are removed from the horses, and at the sound of a gun they are ridden out to the starting gate. A second gun is the signal for the start and they are off in a mad rush clockwise round the top cif the «semicircle. At the first corner (almost a right angl~) several come dangerously close to crashing into the specially

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padded fences. It is here the race is won and here the careless jockey takes a bad fall, or even breaks his horse's leg, by taking the cornertoo sharply. Riding bare-back the jockeys fight their horses , obstruct and . lasJ;i ead1 other and rival horses with a thick whip, made from the nerve of an ox. Three times they race round the track, kicking up clumps of earth, and in a matter of seconds the win ner passes the post. The next few minutes a~e a confused memory. The Owl had won .its thirty-second Palio, and all their supporters hurled themselves from the stands and arena on to the track, invading the course before the horses had slowed down. The rider was snatched from his seat and covered with kisses. The Palio was quickly taken down and led off in triumph to the headquarters of the contrada of the Owl. The losers wept openly, while the mocking spirit of the Tuscan was given free play in the despatch. of Epsom salts and other laxatives to friends in the contrada that came second.. Bells were tolled for them and sirens sounded. All night the rejoicings continued, with .glasses of wine offered to strangers in the streets. The exhibition of ancient Sienese wood sculpture in the Palazzo del Comune was deserted; but up at the Fortress the exhibition of fine Italian wines was more thronged than ever. The costumes and, armour were put away and outwardly Siena was left with only its buildings,, noise and water shortage to recall the Middle Ages until the ne~t Palio in May - a special one in honour of the Holy Year.

c. R.

ULLYATT.

NARODNY PODNIK T was the last week of July, and the 'Long Vac.' had just comrnenced for us. We three American Oxford students were reading for advanced degrees and had, therefore, remained in Oxford for the first month and a half of vacation to continue our work . But there comes a time when eyes and minds grow tired and wander. The microscope, the eighteenth century manuscript, and the test tube Jose their charm, and far away places beckon; our far away place was Czechoslovakia. In Paris we met the fourth member of o ur party, Mrs. P-, the mother of one of us three, Miss P - , of St. Hilda's College. Mrs. P- had come over from the United States earlier in the summer, and; consequently, had the situation well in hand. An olive-green Âˇ Ford 'Vedette' had been rented, complete with luggage rack on

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top; great stores 0ÂŁ tinned picnic foods and supplies had been laid in. \Ve had no qualms about our projected trip. Before our vaca" tion plans had been settled, when we knew that we would go ' somewhere,' we had applied for Czech visas on the chance that they might be granted, and had been immensely surprised when the Czech Consul in London had provided them with no hesitancy and much courtesy. This was also true for Mrs. P- who received her visa in New York. We were, therefore, inclined to scoff at well-meant warnings about the ' Iron Curtain ' or salt mines in Siberia, although we had found, between the leaves of one of the . exciting and alluring travel folders the Consul had given us, a rather stern and inhospitably worded warning against smuggling. vVe knew, indeed, that Czechoslovakia was under a Communist government. Actually, that was the chief reason why we had wanted to visit it. None of us had ever seen a Communist in his natiYe habitat. I suspect there was also a desire to discover if we, good readers of the Times, had not been just a bit taken in by our 'biased ' press. Wishing to spend as much time in Czechoslovakia as our visas would allow (two weeks), we drove rapidly through northeastern France, and hurried across sad and mangled Germany. Nearly a week had been spent in getting to Nurnberg; but next day's drive would see us in Prague. During our night in Nurnberg the weather, which had been perfect ever since our departure from Paris, underwent an ominous change. Accompanied by menacing clouds, gusts of wind, and spatters of rain, we drove away from Nurnberg, laying our course eastwards. The ' Iron Curtain ' was dead-ahead. It was on this approach to Czechoslovakia that the seience of ' Transgrenzodynamics ' was discovered. This science studies the crossing of national frontiers and the process of going through customs. Each of us had , at one time or another, crossed a border and passed through customs when we had been just as happy that the inspector had not opened the other case, or let his fingers probe too deeply in the one that lay open before him. Not that we had been smuggling contraband; it was just the rather reasona.ble desire to protect our privacy. In retrospect, having now explored ' Transgrenzodynamics ' to its awful bottom, it is easy to see that, as we approached the first Czech outpost, we were all suffering from ' Grenzangst,' a terin in the new science used to describe the reaction of a traveller as he

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comes constantly nearer a customs house. It is surprisingly similar to guilty fear, but is not at all the same, having a crescendo-like quality which results in a complete disorganisation of the victim as soon as he comes face to face with the inspector. In such a state, keys are lo ~ t, purses Âˇdropped, passports mislaid, etc. The very confusion produced by ' Grenzangst' often serves to carry its victim safely past the examination, the inspector clucking sympathetic expressions and generously marking his ' X ' on every case in sight. The traveller quickly throws off all signs of his disease and says, 'My, what a lovely country.' But it was otherwise at the Czech customs point east of \Vaidhaus. In my mind I shall always identify ' Iron Curtain ' with what I saw there: a frontier barrier painted with red, white and blue stripes, back of which stood four Czech soldiers sporting new red stars on their caps, and new sub-machine guns in their hands. Our first Communists in their native habitat! The ordeal had commenced, and it followed almost pedantically every law of ' Transgrenzodynamics.' All cases were opened; fingers did probe thoroughly ; every nook and cranny of the V edette was examined ; no quarter was given. Four volumes of Burke's TiVorks, which I vainly hoped to read ' sometime,' sent them scurrying to their Index, but finding no such person listed they allowed the bp oks to. pass. They did, however, take rather rude exception to that product of the capitalist press, Time. Definitely, our reception was not one of over-joyed welcome; it was coldly hostile and suspicious. The soldiers were well-behaved, but their filthy uniforms, and unkempt and unshaven appearance gave them the air of a band of desperadoes. We had to converse with them in German, a language they did not know well and disliked using. They were extremely curious about us. Each of us filled out six different forms in which we described minutely our lives to that present moment and what we intended to do in the future. \Vhile this was being done, our ' receptionist,' who had placed his submachine gun on his desk, was engaged in completing more forms, consulting our passports from time to time, knitting his brow over the strange language in which they were written. We were knitting our brows too. Our forms were in Czech. Sighing with relief as we finished the last form, we heard a shout from the soldiers who were inspeCting our picnic boxes. It was a shout replete with the primeval joy of the hunter sighting his prey. Astonishment turned to embarassed silence as we watched them file into the . office, the leader triumphantly carrymg four

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cartons, that is, Soo, American cigarettes: the M.F.H. with the brush. We had just the moment before declared that we had with us 240 cigarettes only, the legal number. The duty exacted on our surplus was enormous, since the Czech state has a tobacco monopoly. That industry had, since the Communist coup, become a 'narodny podnik,' a nationalised institution. We paid about £,5 for the cigarettes, but, in a sense, it was thoroughly worth it. The Customs Officers were so obviously eager to confiscate our tobacco that they assured us that the duty would be prohibitively high. Why, they continued, did we wish to have American cigarettes, when Czech tobacco, produced by People's Workers, was infinitely better? As a matte r of personal experience we knew that Czech tobacco contained a large admixture of horse hair, or some substance which gave that impression when the tobacco was smoked . We paid the duty. After explaining that the carnet furnished. us by the Car Hire Service in Paris was in error in that it stated that the Vedette was black, whereas i_n fact it was olive green, and that we had .not sometime during our past journey, for purposes dark and sinister, repainted the car ourselves, we were allowed to proceed to ·Prague. The drive to the capital was a succession of lovely landscapes. The country was gently rolling and our road wound through charming Bohemian villages and wide fields of ripe wheat. Pilsen was the only city between the border and Prague. It had never been a pretty city and widespread war damage and destruction had rendered it a hideous commentary on Czech life during the war. Occ~1pi ed by the Germans after having been sacrificed in the game of Power Politics, fought over by American, Russian and German armies, the country had suffered, cruelly. Czech . self-respect had almost reached the extinction point and only a bitter feeling of having been betrayed a nd victimised remained. As we drove through Pilsen, people in the streets stared with undisg uised interest. Accustomed to seeing ·only the ' standard Skoda model, they were surprised to see such a ' grand.' car as our unpretentious and tinny Vedette . The French licence plates were also curiosities. How completely all had been changed since we crossed into Czechoslovakia! The traveller who goes from Paris to Brussels has difficulty in knowing where France leaves off and Belgium begins ; the same is true when travelling through Alsace-Lorraine to' Germany. There is usually, despite well defined national

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frontiers, an appreciable melting together of two neighbouring countries, and there exists an indefinite zone on ' both sides of the frontier which preserves the mixed characteristics of both countries. The break between Czechoslovakia and Germany, however, was complete. It was emphasised by the total absence of road directions in any language but Czech. In Prague we observed some use of Russian, but even that was not much in evidence. \tVith the Revolution successful, and the country firmly within their power, the Czech Communist leaders felt obliged to change the name of every important street, square and bridge throughout the land in order to honour their Russian teachers and themselves. This occasioned a great deal of confusion in our map re'ading, and more than once we were forced to halt in complete bewilderm_ent and seek help from casual pedestrians. At each stop we were surrounded by a group of curious Czechs who examined the exterior of the Vedette minutely, and, insofar as our occupancy of the car would allow, the interior as well. Language difficulty had we none. All those whom we asked to help us spoke German, and some of them, indifferent English. Their manner was courteous, and they seemed to vie with one another in seeking to assist us. The Customs Officers at Waidhaus seemed to have been quite wrong about the relative merits of Czech and American tobacco, judging from the alacrity and obvious pleasure with which our informants took the cigarettes we offered them before we departed. It seems that in these casual contacts with the Czech people, we had touched a fundamental aspect of life in their country. Experiences throughout our stay in 'Czechoslovakia served to bear out this impression: the divergence between People and State, which •expressed itself in a widespread desire ·among the people for a turn to the West. I firmly believe that if free, unhampered elections should now take place in Czechoslovakia, · the C~m munists would be turned out, bag and baggage. After many stops for information, we eventually found our hotel in Prague, the Grand Hotel Steiner. The Communist wand had been waved over it, too, and it had been transformed into a narodny podnik. The concierge, a small, dark and moustached man, wore a Communist Party button in his lapel. Evidently, he was not happy to see us. Having demanded our passports and presenting us with several sets of complicated forms, he withdrew to his office. We stumbled through our task with no aid or explanation from him.

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As soon as we had settled into our rooms, we went to the hotel's restaurant. On our way, we passed through the lounge. Waiting there was a blonde young woman. The air with which she regarded us revealed at once that hers was the sorority which knows no national boundaries or systems of government. \i\Te were to see her often in Prague; she had been assigned as our shadow. The lily had been brought to toil and spin. In the restaurant we found the remains of a · once elegant and pleasant dining room. It was now in a sad state of disrepair, and exuded gloom. The other diners, perhaps a dozen scattered about the room, talked in whispers; there was no laughter or gaiety; the floral decorations, sparse at best, were old and withered; our table · cloth, cutlery and glasses were filthy and no napkins were provided. The very dreariness of the situation forced us to laugh. Presently the waiter appeared and presented a menu in Czech. We asked in German if .we might have one in English. Apologetically, he explained that the English menu had disappeared, so we settled for French. vVe were amused to observe that prices on the French menu were, in every instance, from r to 3 kroners more expensive than those on the Czech, and when he suddenly produced the English menu, which he found underneath several copies of Rude Pravo lying on the floor of the dining room, we saw that its prices were from 2 to 4 kroners higher still. Having surrendered the necessary number of coupons from our ration sheets with which we had been supplied, we proceeded to eat a dinner which could be matched in any restaurant in England at 2s. gd. We were, therefore, surprised to see that our three course dinner, plus a glass of excellent Pilsner at rs. 6d., amounted to ros. each. The greatest difference ~etween Czech and' Western' prices was in that of coffee. A single demitasse was priced at 2s. \Ve later learned that the Government was discouraging the importation of coffee, the beverage being branded as unwholesome and bourgeois. Actually, the importation of coffee on the pre-war scale had proved to be a surprisingly large drain on Czech finances. Hence, a prohibitive tariff had been laid upon both it and tea When we visited the narodny podnik food stores, we were astounded to see coffee offered for sale at £7 per kilogram ; tea was £ro. As we sat over our expensive brew in the restaurant, the conversation turned to speculation on the proper method of changing our dollars for Czech kroners. The waiter then disclosed both a knack for eavesdropping and a knowledge of English. As he

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brushed invisible crumbs from our table, he offered to put us in . · contact with a friend who wo uld give us the a mazing rate of 375, K cs . per dollar, a rate 7~ times greater than the legal exchange. It was indeed a t empting offer. At such an exchange, our expenses . would be d[ astically cut. The dinner, for instance, which we had·. just finished would cost only a bit more t han rs. 3d. each. Somehow, however, the offer did not ring true. This impression increased when the waiter, reinforced by the head waiter , pressed us . to accept the offer at once. ' H ave you dollars immediately available?' they asked. Then, it was necessary to .change at once, as the rate would undoubtedly drop disastrously to-morrow. We . politely declined their urgent pleas, promising to remember them, should we desire to change illegally. Returning to our rooms, we discovered that every piece of luggage had been thoroughly searched. No attempt had been made to disguise the fact . Nothing had been taken, but the contents of · each case were in unusual confusion, and my address book which I had not yet unpacked, lay open on the desk. It was annoying; at that point we did not know that we were to be the subject of daily inspection. What our housem aid spies expected to find , I do· not know. We s uspected that the rooms were also wired with secret microphones. Following Mr. Churchill's example , set when . he was in Moscow, we proceeded to g ive the hypothetical listener much food for thought. The chief topic of these conversations was how charming the concierge had been, and that it was a pity the · poor m an could not escape as he wished. The next morning, we and our shadow drove to the American Embassy . Leaving the blonde woman talking to one of the two · Czech soldiers who ' guarded ' the Embassy, we proceeded to · register with the Consul. We were given printed forms to be com-pleted and mailed to the Embassy as soon as we had safely left the country. We were also emphatically warned that under no circum- · stances were we to exchange money illegally. Prague abounded with people who posed as black marketeers, and who offered fantastic rates of exchange to the unwary. When the ' black ' transaction had been consummated, the police were immediately · informed; by way of reward, these patriotic and vigila nt citizens were given a certain percentage of the fine levied against the un- · fortunate foreigner. It would appear that this procedure furnished the Czech Government one of its chief sources of western currencies . Further, since the United States had no consular treaty with Czechoslovakia under which its citizens could be protected,. G

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it was necessary to be doubly careful. to heart.

This lecture was taken

The shops of Prague appeared to be well stocked. The famous · glass shops displayed a magnificent array of fine glass and crystal. Although their entire stocks were for export only, we could buy nothing. To take any purchases out of the country no matter how small or inexpensive, would have required a special export licence ·obtained from the Government. After application had been made for such a licence, it was usually forthcoming in a month's time. VI e could not wait. Czechoslovakia is forced to ration food ~tringently. A one pound loaf of bread was to last five days for one person. A pound of edible fat a month was allotted to each Czech. The sugar ration was also a pound a month. If a Czech desired to supplement his scanty rations, he was perfectly at liberty to purchase as much as .he liked from the Government-operated 'grey market.' Unfortunately, the prices hern were approximately four times the rationed prices. Not many Czechs could afford to take advantage of this unique arrangement. In addition, there was the standard black market, where prices were much lower than those of the Govern.ment grey market, but higher than the rationed prices. There were scarcely any non-government automobiles to be seen. Although we, as tourists, were given a liberal petrol allow:ance, the reverse was true for the Cz-ech motorist. Even had his allowance been larger, he could not have afforded to pay 7s. 6d. per gallon; the black market price of 12s. the gallon, and the government grey market price of 24s. the gallon were , of course, out ·of the question. This situation had put a tremendous burden on Prague's antiquated and inadequate system of public transport. Looking from a vantage point up the main street of Prague, the Narodny Tricia, one could easily think that the city was celebrating a fiesta. The masses of workers waiting in long queues for the dilapidated trams which came too rarely, the great numbers of pedestrians who seemed to wander aimlessly, the ever-present and huge pictures of Gottwald, Stalin and Lenin, displayed on every shop window, the many Czech and Russian flags, and the brightly coloured signs boosting the Czech Five Year Plan, all gave a false illusion of a happy, bustling city in holiday mood. A walk up the Narodny Trida would quickly dispel such a thought. It was a silent .and unhappy succession of people which one saw. No laughter or -conversation was audible, but only the shuffling of many feet. A

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deadening apathy held these shabbily dressed and undernourished :people, and it was with something approaching despair that the observer realised that Prague was a city of zombies. They were helpless and they did not care. Prague is a magnificent city. Its Gothic and baroque architecture., evic\ent on every hand, is soul-stirring. Regarding these noble bqildings, one may forget for a moment that Prague is the capital of a police state. One is drawn back to the city's glorious past, the city of medieval learning, of John Huss and the Charles University, a city which was the centre of the most brilliant and intellectual _of medieval Jewish communities, a city from which vVallenstein hoped to rule a kingdom. The view across ancient Charles Bridge, up to the Cathedral of St. Vitus brings a feeling of exaltation . There, on its hill, the great church seems to preside over the city with a stern and noble mien . But even as one gazes, the reverie is shattered, and present reality breaks through aesthetic appreciation . St . Vitus does not preside; it is beleagured. It does not supervise; it is isolated. If one crosses Charles Bridge and walks up the hill to the Cathedral, the state of siege in which it is held is apparent, even in architectural arrangement. The Pr!!sident's Palace, from whose . balcony Hitler announced 路the fate of Czechoslovakia, has fastened itself to the Cathedral like a ma lignant growth, and separates it from the Archepiscopal Palace across the way. The armed soldier on guard in front of the Cathedral, watching and remembering those who enter, and his friend who holds the Archbishop under what amounts to house arrest, dramatically symbolises the era of martyrdom now at .hand for the Church in Czechoslovakia. Night life in Prague was almost at a standstill. The city had two night clubs, both nationalised. While one was open for its season, the other was closed, so that at any one time -only one night club could be found. The ' Embassy Club' was the proto.type of night clubs all over the world. We were serve.cl a good Yugoslavian white wine, evi dently laid in before Tito strayed from 路the fold. In a corner, a swing band ground out all too bourgeois American .<lance tunes. The favourite was ' I'm dreaming of a 路white Christmas,' and the Czech-made Bing Crosby was a raving success . Most patrons sported Communist P arty buttons. Our shadow who had taken a table not 路far from us, enjoyed herself tremendously. It was here that we managed to get away from her 'for the first time since we had been in Prague. It was simple; she wa's drunk.

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On a visi t to the opera, a narodny podnik of its own, we heard La Boheme . The sets tended toward the surrealistic and were ddne with creditable skill and taste. The singing was dreadful ;· and the climax was reached in Musetta's aria. Here , surrealism gave way to a ghastly rea lism. The scene was 'carnival.' In the bqckground a lighted fe rris wheel whirled; concessionaires did a thriving business ; pa per streamers thrown by three dozen enthusiastic walk-ons whizzed across the stage. Poor Musetta ! As she sighted her prey and broke into provocative song, she was caught in a cross-fire of a streamer barrage. Conseq uently, mid-way through the aria Musetta was gasping, tugging furiously at the streamers about her, some of which had wrapped themselves tightly around her throat. The week we w ere in Prag·ue, the cinemas throughout t he city were feat uring the dashing Errol Flynn as Robin Hood. The Government had shrewdly put this film to propaganda uses. The sound track was in its original English, but the Czech sub-titles coµtained not one hint that the plot was laid in England. Obviously, Robin of Locksley was far too good a Comm~~ist to have come from the western world. I am afraid that, as England lost Shakespeare to the Germans , Robin Iiood has been captured by th e Czechs. The accompanying newsreel gave us an edifying picture of workers being removed from awful slum areas to bright, new, and modern houses , built by the Government. There was also a skit on the_happy life of the collectivised peasant. When Communist theory is translated into practical politics, the motivating force of imperia lism, hidden so carefully under the Marxian dialectic, is suddenly revealed. Russia's goal, 'World Revolution,' is as surely imperialistic a s British or French politics of the nineteenth century. Communist imperialism is, perhaps, more subtle, in that it appeals more directly to mass self-interest. The imperialistic tendency represents a weak spot -in the armour of Communist Russia, b ecause it cuts directly across the emotion of nationalism. Yugoslavia's defection is the perfect example of this phenomenon. There are strong symptoms of such a clash . developing in Czechoslovakia, or, more correctly, in Slovakia. When we left Prague and dro ve through Moravia ·and into Slovakia, these ·symptoms becam e more evident and outspoken. Stopping to purchase petrol in a small village no t far from Erno, we were to.Id quite openly that Communists were generally hated in Slovakia,

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that party gaining Âˇonly 10% of . the vote in the province at the last election before the Communist coup. Two reasons were given . for their anti-Communist a ttitude. First, the Slovak peasant violently objects to any attempt to collectivise his farm. The Communist Government, although striving avidly to represent collectivisation in as attractive a light as possible, has failed in this programme. The second reason is the strong spirit of nationalism among Slovaks, directed chiefly against the Czechs of Bohemia. The Germans, quickly recognising the aspirations of Slovakia, erected that province into a separate ' protectorate ' during their occupation. The Slovaks enjoyed this measure of autonomy while disliking the Germans. Now they yearn for more ind ependence from Prague . The feeling is so intense that a Czech would not dare take a position in Slovakia, even with a narodny podnik firm. The Slovaks despise the Czechs with a depth of feeling attained only by a large minority which considers itself sorely wronged by a majority that has engrossed all power, position and wealth. The Gottwald regime has also run into heavy weather with its anti-Church policy. Ardently Roman Catholic, whole Slovak villaÂˇges have risen, armed with primitive weapons, and have b~aten off squads of state police who were seeking to arrest the village priest. There have been not few; but many such incidents during the past year. If Czechoslovakia is to be turned from Communism the . impetus will come from Slovakia. Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, was the last city we visited. Located on the Danube, it is but a short distance from both the Hungarian and Austrian borders. Although Woodrow Wilson Square has not had its name changed, the city is thoroughly under Communist control.. Our hotel was about the same as that in Prague. Again the concierge flaunted a Communist Party button and was scarcely civil; again our cases were ' secretly ' searched; and again we had a most persistent shadow. The city, like Prague, relatively free of wa r . damage, did not possess the architectural grandeur of the capital, but nonetheless, had been a very gracious city. Keeping our headquarters at Bratislava, we drove over to the spa of Piestany for a day and a half. A luxurious resort in prewar days, famous for its water,. and its mud baths, it had been preserved in all its elegance. The beautiful and comfortable hotels, the exquisite formal gardens, the excellent food, drink and service, modishly gowned and coiffured women, and well-tailored men

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furnished a glimpse of by-gone days in Czechoslovakia. But .even Communist ministers like to relax in comfort. Our hotel was ..entertaining the Minister of Finance for the week-end. He had brought along his own detachment of secret police, and, after stationing two on each floor of the hotel, where a 24-hour guard was maintained, the minister proceeded to enjoy a peaceful and relaxing holiday. vVe were surprised to meet another American at Piestany. She, :in her turn, had not seen an American for the better part of a year. Miss S- was a Baptist Missionary and had kept a mission school not far from Piestany for nine years, before and after the war. Two days before we met Miss S- she had been declared persona non grata and had .been ordered to leave the country immediately, because she had refused to decorate the walls of her school with pictures, supplied by the Government, of Gottwald, Lenin and Stalin. Miss S- was returning to the United States for reassignment by her Church . Once again in Bratislava., we packed our now quite dirty Vedette and prepared for our drive to Vienna, some 70 kilometres · ·d istant . As we drove through the centre of the city, we were · not .sorry to be leaving Czechoslovakia. But our experiences were not at an end. A young plain clothes man standing in the µiiddle -0f the street, motioned us to stop the car. There ensued considerable language difficulty, as 'he spoke no language but Czech. After shouting, gesticulating, showing us his Party card, and his secret service badge, he eventually collared some pedestrian and forced him to act as interpreter. We were then told that the secret agent had received orders to question us as to our destination, .a nd in general, what we were doing in Bratislava. W.e told the agent we were on our way to Prague, and showed him our passports. He thereupon laboriously copied into his notebook our names and birthdates ! We conjectured that the secret police migh: be casting our horuscopes. That night we din ed in the Kursalon in Vienna. ('My, what a lovely country! ') In Czechoslovakia we had seen much: the fear with which ot:r Czech friend looked about before he commenced talking to us, the , ·c areful shutting of doors and drawing of curtains, the suspicion · with which he r egarded ·strangers. And we heard an old story : the . -pryings of the secret police, the informing neighbour ; the .myt~ri . -0us disappearance of acquaintances, the Vergotterung of political

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE leaders. It was sickening to reflect that some few years ago the western d.emocracies had waged total war against just such phenomena as we had witnessed i~ Czechoslovakia. We left Czechoslovakia without optimism. On this terrestrial globe there are two worlds, and men are not brothers. CHARLES R. RITCHESON.

BOOK REVIEWS Under this heading there are reviewed recently published books that possess a special A ularian interest due to their authorship or to their contents. TVe shall be glad to have such books and articles brought to our notice. All books and articles received are added, after review, to the collection of Aularian books in the Hall Library. SEA TROUT AND OCCASIONAL SALMON. By Jeffery Bluett. 8vo. pp. vi+r52. London, Cassell and Co., Ltd. r2s. 6d. net. This is a book by an expert, and of interest to the most expert: it is also the result of scientific observation . Not many of us who fish have the opportunity for close contact with sea trout, but those who have are generally agreed that no fish gives such sport- variable though its moods and behaviour may be: sometimes taking the fly with a quiet suck, followed by a tearing run up the pool; at others a ravenous pluck at the ' Claret and Mallard ' or ' The Butcher ' and a series of short rushes and wild leaps for freedom. Or at times, sad times, quite regardless of fisherman or fly Salrno Trutta leaves his pursuer to tramp disconsolate homewards fishless to his breakfast or his tea. When these alternatives are most likely to occur Mr. Bluett tells us with a wealth of reasoning and from personal experience. He is perhaps at his best in his 45 pages on night fishing. He disposes of some theories such as that moonlit nights are unfavourable, and that anglers are always praying for rain - the latter. a fallacy favoured by the ignorant, whereas experience teaches us that for all fly-fishing settled conditions are preferable. He is no 'word-painter,' yet he brings the beauty of the riverside at night so clearly home to us that we begin to wonder why we really like better to fish by day. There is one theory which is more questionable, but to which he subscribes. It is that brown trout become sea trout through a visit to the sea.

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H e says (p. II) 'I will go so far as to affirm that a brown trout may become .a sea trout, i.e. a fish hatched as a brown trout, of brown trout parents, may go to sea and return to the river as a sea trout.' This is a startling theory: for we are bidden to picture Salmo fario taking a trip to sea water and returning as Salmo trutta, with different arrangement of teeth, different gill covers, a new set of manners, and, as Mr. Bluett describes him, ' the shyest of wild creatures. ' Let us be slow to deny, but be permitted to suspend judgment. Mr. Bluett is interesting also abo ut salmon. He evidently has had considerable success with them, armed with his rn ft. 6 in. trout .rod, which this good sportsman uses for all fish alike. He tells us much about netting and poaching, and indulges in a gloomy view of the future of fishing in England and W ales if no appropriate steps are taken to check the depletion of our streams, as to which he provides alarming statistics. His last two pages are charming descriptions of the delights apart from the sport, which are lavishly in store for us when ';Ve go a-fishing. G. R. BREWIS RICHARD HOOKER AND CONTEMPOR.ARY POLITICAL IDEAS. By the R ev . Dr. F.]. Shirley, for the Church Historical Society. 8vo. pp. vi-1-274. S.P.C.K. This volume, published for the Church Historical Society, is intensive and fully documented. The more serious student of the period will find Dr. Shirley's books essential (e.g. for his handling of his problem of the authorship of Book VII of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity); on the ot.h er hand, it is a book which will attract all concerned with Church affairs, for the sweep of the argument is wide and the problems treated are . vital. Dr. Shirley throws the thought of Richard Hooker into brilliant relief by showing it against different backgrounds. Firstly, we are led to see the apologist of the Elizabethan Settlement, justifying the soundness of the doctrine and the essential Catholicity of the Church of England; secondly, Hooker is brought into relation with the sixteenth century discussions of the problems of sovereignty and the right of resistance; his influence on English political thought is then traced; and finally, his conclusions are put into the context of contemporary views of the relations of Church and State.

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What would Hooker have thought of our present situation in England? Dr. Shirley makes the answer very clear, and admits to being one of Hooker 's converts. ' I set out from my own sta ndpoint a s an advocate of Disestablishment, and I end as an upholder of the Establishment . . . E ngland is still a professedly Christian State, and it is the duty and high privilege of the Church to direct the Government to the Will of God.' The importance of this highly compressed but very complete study has been generally recognised; as a contributor to the Times Literary Supplement put it, ' Dr. Shirley has done good service both to historical students and to Anglican Churchmen .' ] . McM. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND; ITs WAY, TRUTH, AND LIFE. By the Rev. George Branson. With a Foreword by the Bishop of London. The F a ith Press . 9s. The Vicar of All Saints, Sydenham, has written this terse, direct handbook in justification of the position of the Church of England. It falls into three parts. Firstly, 'The Way.' 'Did our Lord intend His followers to be united in an organised body? ' This question a nswered, a survey of Church history shows that ' while the most ancient Christian communities took pride in their apostolic organisation . . . no supremacy of one Christian community over another was recognised.' World-wide authority and infallibility are innovations. Then comes an analysis of Eng lish Church history to illustrate the t ruth of Bramhall' s words, that the Church of England is ' as much the same Church ' before and after the R eformation ' as a gard en before and after it is w eeded is tpe same garden.' In a similar fashion, the second part, 'The Truth,' gives a crisp a nalysis of doctrine ; and the third part, ' The Life,' deals with the sacraments and the worshipping life of the Church of England . ] .MaM. THE BAPTISMÂˇ AND TEMPTATION OF Cm~1sT: MvTH AND FACT IN HOLY SCRIPTURE. By the Rev. Frank Buchanan. Jas . Clarke and Co. 6s. This. little book of meditations on the Baptism and T emptation of our Lord draws constant attention to the living power of so many of the things in the Bible which we take for granted as charming. Myth and poetry draw us; but they a~e expressions of a yearning-which is only fulfilled in our Lord and His saving power. J .McM.

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THE PoEMS OF THOMAS CAREW. Edited by Rhodes Dunlap. 8vo., pp. lxxx + 29'7路 Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1949路 25s.

To my Honoured friend, Doctor Rhodes Dunlap, State Uni路versity ; f Iowa, upon his edition of my Poems. ' Ask me no :more if East or West, The Phenix builds her spicy nest:' For me a Nest most deftly wrought A Rhodian from the vVes~ hath brought. Ask me no more where I'm interr'd; For he's rekindled every word That my enamour'd Pen let fall, \Vith lively learnednesse withal!. ' Ask me no more if East or vVest, . The Phenix builds her spicy nest:' " For Phenix-like I'm .rais'd againe By Dunlap 'cross the \Vesterne Maine. As this hitherto unpublished prophetic tribute by Thomas Carew to the Editor of his Poems seems to have escaped the attention of the learned Editor, or, for reasons of modesty, has been sup.:. 路pressed by him, it has been thought timely to print it here. A.B.E.

THE AULARIAN BOOKSHELF, 1949 HORT as our bookshelf must be this year, pride of place on it must be reserved for the latest product of the Bishop of London ',s indefatigable pen . The Authority of the Scriptures (Mow:) brays, 120 pp. 5s.) contains a straightforward account of the books of_the -Bible, explaining how they were written, how the canon was _formed, and in what sense inspiration should be accepted. No h~liever i11 infallibilities, . Dr. Wand reinforces, in a way that will ~ppeal t~ educated read ers, the cha llenge of the Biblical revelation. On the other h and, Dr. A. M. Farrer's A Re-birth of Images (DacrePre~s, 348 pp. 25s .) is intended for the theological sp~cialist, wh~ 'wili count it as one of the outstanding books of the year~ Starting off with an original and . suggestive theory of divine revehltiOri , i.t proceeds to expound the Apocalypse with the ide~s of the Sabbath and the cycle of H ebrew festivals as the principal clues. The argument is as brilliant as it is novel, and, whatever may be

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thought oLthe final conclusions; scholarship is already agreed that Dr. Farrer has completely altered 'the approach to this most baffling book of the Bible. The second volume of The Mint, the catholic-minded miscellany of literature, art and criticism edited by Geoffrey Grigson (Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd. 5s.), has now appeared, and indudes an article entitled 'The City of Limerick' by the ~ditor himself; This issue seems to maintain the high and varied qualities which the literary world united in applauding in its predecessor. J. Mayne's sumptuous volume Thomas Girtin (F. Lewis, Leigh-onSea; l 17 pp. 5 guineas) provides a fine introduction to one of the great figures of the English water-colour school. A work of real scholarship, it places the facts of Girtin's brief career before the reader, and throws light on a number of hitherto obscure prob• !ems. The forty-six plates (four of them in colour) convey something of the artist's rare quality. The pages of the Journal of the Chemical Society have recently given several papers iby Dr. H. Irving a wider circulation. In 1948 (J.C.S. p. 1989) appeared a short note on the action of Amines upon Esters which he had prepared in conjunction with a sometime Aularian pupil, H. I. Fuller. In March, 1949 (J.C.S. pp. 537-41) he puJ;>lished, a:long with two collaborators, a full-length study of the absorptiometric determination of traces of metals, proposing a new procedure called 'reversion.' In the same month (J.C.S. 541-47) he published the first of two studies with Dithizone, examining the determination of traces of mercury. In July, 1949 (J.C.S. pp. 1'84755) the second of these stuclies appeared, dealing this time with Dithizone as a monobasic acid. In preparing it he had the assistance of two Aularians, S. J. H. Cooke and S. C. Woodger. Another learned · paper which deserves to be mentioned" here is ' Types and figured specimens of Lower Palaeozoic Trilobites in the University Museum, Oxford,' by J. M. Edmonds: it is a reprint from the Geological l\![iigazine, vol. lxxxvi, 1949· From Sail to Steam (Staples Press, 1946; 20 pp. rs .), by H. Moyse-Bartlett, M.B.E., is an attractive pamphlet published under the auspices of the Historical Association, and gives a vivid picture of the maritime change-over from wooden to steel hulls, from sail to steam propulsion, and from paddle-wheels to screws in the nineteenth century. The author tells his story skilfully, never losi~g his way amid a multitude of facts, and he has some illuminating reniarks to make .about the basis of British naval supremacy in the period under review. J.N.D.K.

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THE ENDOWMENT FUND

HE R E are very gratefully .r ecorded below the names of those Aularia ns who have in the past year been continuing in the g ood a nd e::.sential work of building up the H all Endowmen:t F und. For the fut ure I cannot do be tter than reiterate ex ani.mo what I wrote last year. Notw iths·t anding the war a nd t he uneasy years that ha ve ensued since it ended, the Hall Endowment Fund, which was instituted in 1939 and the Appeal for which was c ut short by the outbrea k of hostilities, has continued to receive subs tantial support from many Aµlarians . The times are not propitious fo r a renewal of a n Appeal ad urbem et orb ern. But I feel confident that if all Aularians will conspire to make such annual contribution as they can afford, the H a ll will eventua lly succeed in s ecuring t hat m easure of endowment that it needs if it is t o maintain a nd improve the conspic uous posit ion that it has won for itself in a University composed prepondera ntly of endowed colleges . Even thoug h the contributions be small in amount , let them be m illenary in number , for Aula r ian51 a re now to be ·numbered by the thousand . The F und has been in existence t en years, six of t hem w ar years, and a to tal of over £6,ooo has be en raised. Is t hat a good achievement? Will t he conclusion of the next decade see tha t record handsomely exceeded? I hope so. A. B .E.

£ Total brought forward Mr . J. C. Adamson (12 Mr . R. E. Alton (21 R ev. Canon D. Armytage (94 Mr. H . Bagnall (22 The Rt. R ev . The Bishop of Bermuda (25 Ma j.-General A. B . Blaxland, C. B ... (23 Rev. W. L. Bunce ( 9 Rev . T . J. Childs (6o Mr . H . Cloke ... ( 7 Mr . C. A. Coomber ( 4 Rev . Dr. T . H. Croxall ( 3 Mr. D. K . Daniels (1 7 The Rt . R ev. T he Bishop of D orchester (85 Mr . J. M. Edmonds .. . ( 4 Mr ." A. E. Ellis ( 8 Mr. A . .B. Emden, Principal (1600

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£ · Mr. B. M . Forrest Mr. M. J. Forster Mr. G. H. Franey Dr. P. T. Freeman Rev. H. S. Glover Mr. C. R. Hiscocks Hev. J. H. Hodson Mr. A. G. Hopewell Rev. S. A. Howard The late Mr. H. G. Ingle Mr . G. E. Janson-Smith Rev. W. A. \i\T. and Mrs . Jarvis Rev. J. L. J enki'ns Mr. J. W. King Dr. A. P . Kingsley Mr. E. C. Lamb Rev. G. H. _I}. Lovell ... Rev. R. J. Lowe Mr. T. C. Luke Mr. M . A~ McCanlis Mr. V . W . Miles Mr. W. S. Mills Mev. A. McL. Murray Rev. K. C. Olive.r Mr. P. C. Palmer Dr. J. L. Pinniger Mr. H. K. Pusey Mr. J. J. D. A. P . M. Quinn Rev. J. S. !Reynolds .. . Mr. W. V. Reynolds ... Mr. A. W. U . Roberts Mr. P. J. Sandison Dr. P. A. Scholes Mr . J. H. Tyzack Mr. C. D. Walker Mr. D . A. H. Wright .. Interest on deposit and repayment of tax

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ST. EDMUND HA:LL MJAGAZINE

MATRICULATIONS HILA:RY TERM

Commoners Colocassides, Costas (University of Athens and London Univ:ersity). Moss, John Rodney (St. Edward's School). MICHAELMAS TE:RM

Scholars Douglas, Arthur Roger (Felsted School). Dudman, Andrew Allister (Highgate School). Hanson, John Denis (Huddersfield College). Shepherd, Anthony (Magdalen College School, Oxford). Singleton, David Anthony (King James's Grammar School, Almond bury). Whitby, Anthony Charles (Bristol Cathedral School). Wicker, Brian John (Wallington County Grammar School): Âˇ

Rhodes Scholar Long, Hugh Montgomery (Alabama Polytechnic Institute).

Commoners Abbey, David Arthur (Colfe's Grammar School). Alford, Gordon Rhodes (Archbishop Holgate's Grammar ~chool) . .Andrews, Noel Trevor (Malvern College). Archer, George Brian (Stamford School). Asbrey, 'William Peter (Kettering Grammar School). Baker, John . Albert (All Saints' School, Clifton). Baldwin, John Anthony (Maidstone Grammar School). Barker, Peter Geoffrey Blake (St. Edward's School) . .Barnett, Nicholas Guy (Highgate School). Bath, Lloyd Edward (University of Tasmania). Beckwith, Roger Thomas (Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Barnet). Bigley, Brian (Rochdale High School). Bowes, John Berkeley (The Nelson School, 'Wigton). Breese, :Robert John Leigh (The King's School, Canterbury). Brimble, Alan Joseph (Chesterfield Grammar School). : Brown, Michael Arthur (Beaumont College, Old Windsor). Bulbeck, Victor Albert (Wellington County Grammar School).

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Burden, Derek (Lewes County Secondary Grammar School): Canning, Matthew Austin (St. Marylebone Grammar School). Clifton, Brian Victor (Barnsley and District Holgate Grammar .: School). Coltman, Derek Bruce (Lord \!Vandswor ~ h College). Cullerne Bown, Clive Stanley (City of O xford School). Cunnell, Eric Lawrence (Whitgift Middle School, Croydon) . Davidson, Charles Hilary !(Christ's Hospital, Horsham). Ditchburn, Thomas \Villiam (Workington County Grammar School). Downes, John Roger (The King's School, Canterbury). Ford, Peter Thomas (St. Edward's School). Forster, Donald Murray (\Vrekin College). Fowler, Dennis George (Barrow County Grammar School). Frost, Geoffrey (Chesterfi eld Grammar School). Furness, Edward Peter Alexander i(Accrington Grammar School). Garnett, Douglas Alan (Barrow-in-Furness County Grammar School). Âˇ Gass, Peter Selwyn David Ern est (Lancing College). Gill, John Nichol (Ch'e sterfield Grammar School). Gillman, John Edwa rd (Tiffin Boys' County Grammar School). Graucob; Henry P eter Patrick (Gordonstoun School). Grayson, Arnold John (Brentwood School). Hadley, Colin George 1(Halesowen Grammar School). Hall, Ronald Willia m (Holly Lodge Grammar School) . Hayes, Raymond Charles (Queen Elizabeth's Gra mmar School, Barnet). H edgely, John H erbert (Hurstpierpoint College) . Insley , Gerald Julian (Cranleigh School). J effreys, Arnold Stephen (University College of North \Vales). Jones, Alan James Greenfield (Wrekin College). Âˇ Jordan, Michael Gerald i(The King's School, Canterbury). K elly, Terence P eter (Cranbrook School}. Kinsley, Denis . Anthony (Brighton College) . Lane, Clifford John (Alsop Grammar School). Lear, Herbert (Ma nchester Central High School). McElheran, Jo hn (Archbishop Holgate 's Grammar School)~ . McMan us, James Noel (Willia m Hulme's Grammar School, Manchester). Miller, William Robert i(Culford School). Milliken, Michael (Rugby School).

ST. EDMUND HALL MAGAZINE

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April 28 D.Phil.: *L. B. Knoll. M.A.: H. Bradley, J. R. Scarr, D. L. Thawley, A. Ward. B.A: *M. de L. Hart, J. E. Morris, *R. Pringsheim,

E. M. Smith. June 4

M.A.: G. W. H. Adcock, P. P. Bloy, R. Candlin, T. A. B.

Corley, *J . H. P. Dawson, L. H. Elliott, H. J. Hough, H. Liptrot, G. C. Pownall, K. F. Smart, M. P. Whitaker. B.A.: P. P. Eloy, R. Candlin, T. A. B. Corley, S. G, Downey, P. W. Glover, P. L. Poe!, J.M. Wigley. June 23

M.A.: F. J. Fish, *P. N. Le Mesurier, *E. G. Stokes, B.A.:

.*H. L. H. Wheeler. ~p : H. Molsher, *E. G. Stokes, *N. R. Wylie.

July 14

D.D.: *F. J. J. Shirley. B.D.: *F. J. J. Shirley. R.M.: *G. Mitford-Barberton. B.Litt.: W. H. Jowsey. M.A.: *P. Carpenter, *I. P. Smith, J. C. Townsend. B.A.: J. M. Carr, E. C. Jones, P. H. Phizackerley. July 30

M.A.: *D. L. J. Jenkins. B..4.: A. T. Clark, *N. S. Haile, D.

J. A. Shears, *H. A.

Skinner. October 13 M.A.: *J. B. Anderson, P. H. Harris, C . R. Owston, \i\T. J. Tunley. B.A.: J. B. Arlidge, *W E. Brook, D. G. Clarke, A. C.

Darlow, H. N. Grindrod, G. L. Hodgson, *M. G. Knight, *P. S. Leathart, R . A. Mason, F. F. Nicholls, *V. T. H. Parry, W. J. Tunley, W. Weir.

cST. - EDMUMD HALL MAGAZINE

U4 November 17

M.A.: D. M. Brooks, *J. Bull, R. A. Cruse,

P . .P. Jones,

*R. McAdams, J. D. '.fodd . . . B.A.:

R. F. B enton, pi. M. Brooks, N. S. Broome, M. J. Fawcett, D. P. Jones,, :x-H. D. -Michell, M. G. Sarson, C. A. H. Skelton, J. D. Todd, P.R. Turk.

December 15 B.M. : H. V. James. B.Sc: *G. H. Thompson. M.A.: G. S. Jackson.

B.A.: *G. H. Thompson.

* ln

absence

PRINTED AT THE HOLYWELL PRESS ALFRED STREET OXFORD