A
IR
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO JOURNAL
RHYTHM
X 3
I
Y
I
N
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8
7
3
9
0
STEFANIE GUO
“T
here are
3 60 ,
degrees
stick one ?�
why
to
-- Zaha Hadid
EOI & RHYTHM This journal represents the spectacular pathway, which has been carried out throughout the second semester of 2012 in the subject Architecture Design Studio Air. The main objective would be to design a freeway art project called Rhythm and this report has been written into several parts, which consists of an introduction, discussion on the discourses relating to architecture, and digital architecture with the help of computerization, exercises and experimentation by using parametric techniques, the expression of interests in relations to the Western Gateway Design Project, the evolution and processes of designing the gateway, and finally, a presentation outcome, known as Rhythm.
CONTENTS Part 01
Case for Innovation 1.1 Architecture as a Discourse 1.2 Computing in Architecture 1.3 Parametric Modeling
003 015 023
Part 02
Cut project 2.1 Group Research & Argument + Case study 1.0 2.2 cut case study 2.0 -- BBK Pavillion 2.3 cut case study 2.0 -- Matrix 2.4 EOI presentation development 2.5 EOI Presentation - Mid semester review 2.6 Mid semester Break
037 045 053 063 067 075
Part 03
Gateway project 3.1 The Gateway Project Design Development 3.2 Tectonic Design Development 3.3 Final Presentation 3.4 Final Analysis
085 097 105 121
DISCO
Part
001
ARCHIT
Case for Innovation
PARAM
dig
visual
design
DISCO
OURSE
modeling
ARCHITECTURE media
TECTURE
COMPUTING digital
METRIC
gital
PARAM
modeling media
design
visual
1.1
week
Architecture as a Discourse
001
005
Hi, I’m Xiying Stefanie Guo, doing bachelor of environment and majoring in architecture. This is my final year in Melbourne University, first semester. I was born in Chengdu, China and came here about three years ago. As an international student, I enjoy studying in Melbourne University and I really love Melbourne.
I am interested in digital architecture. I learned SketchUp when I was in high school. Virtual environment brought a brief knowledge about Rhinoceros and Paneling tool to me. However, I am still using SketchUp for modeling in my previous projects, since Rhinoceros is rather efficient for me to do so. I also developed my skill of using AutoCAD in the study of Construction Design and Water studio. Since AutoCAD is much easier for me to understand, I think I have no problem in using that. Personally, I would say that I have not fully understood and used the capabilities of digital architecture. Digital way of architecture was not necessary in my past project of presenting my ideas. However, it definitely helps me with advanced representations. I just didn’t really know about it and I didn’t explore many digital architecture projects before. I think it is time for me to make everything clear in this architectural studio. Personally, I believe that digital architecture is a creation of the modern era. It has helped the way in which architecture is formed in modern society. Digital architecture gives architects many privileges and allows them to further explore and create their ideas in models. Digital architecture allows ideas to become realistic as compared to traditional forms of architecture that would require a longer and harder process to manifest the ideas. Furthermore, one of the upsides of digital architecture is that it allows architects to modify their ideas and designs easily as compared to traditional architecture.
This project has been done in my first year subject, Virtual Environments. My piece was derived from the concept of an iceberg and the reflection of broken ice. This project shows the natural connection between a models made by a natural process with human body. Despite the position of the model, it perfectly matches any part of my body. This project has allowed me to learn many different required methods for designing where precedents, analyzing, inspiration and so on are required. This project also allowed me to develop my initial understanding of digital architecture. Furthermore, the processes learned throughout this subject gave me the availability to use such skills and techniques in further projects or jobs.
This project was completed last semester in the Earth Studio. It has been derived from a type of dessert grass that demonstrates freedom, harmony and peace in the aboriginal lands of Australia. This discovery center uses different materials and spatial orders to create a sense of discovery. I designed a bridge through the discovery center representing the long journey that the aboriginals have overcome over the past years. From this project, I learned a way of architectural thinking. I think a successful architecture should not only have nice appearance, but also well represent a meaning it contained. The definition and concept of the architecture should be shown in the work itself, because it constitutes what makes the architect distinct from others.
007 guang zhou
opera house
General info: The Guangzhou Opera House has been designed by the infamous Zaha Hadid and is her first architecture in Guangzhou, China. Why I love it: I like the building because of the modern architecture and design it compensates. This building acts as a stepping-stone for China in general, as Zaha Hadid has brought in a form of architecture and design that can be seen as new and uncharted for Chinese architecture. This building acts a beginning for different forms of drastic and extraordinary acceptance of architecture in China. Architectural perspective: Personally, I would suggest that this building allows me to see the usefulness of digital architecture and how it has shaped the way in which architecture and design can be carried out in modern society. Zaha Hadid’s Guangzhoue Opera House shows how she transcends the laws of architecture and uses her inspirations and ideas to create buildings of free form, without consistency but mainly creativity.
External: The 70,000 square meters opera hou glass and steel. The use of these thre a stunning façade with contrast. Espe glasses created a sense of mystery. T unique and creating a positive visual difficult to find on the overall shape, (such as glasses and steels) are func curves. Therefore, the external is mo
Internal: In my point of view, internal of the op The theater is the destination for eve scenery along the journey. With the s space created different perspectives f every single part of Zaha’s design. In contrasts, the internal demonstrated using color, light and modern structur the advantages of light, which can be blur space, to bring different feelings another smart architectural technolog space with low cost.
use is built out of concrete, ee materials constructed ecially at night, steel with The free shape building is impact. Straight lines are however, the external details ctioning as contrast with ore interesting to enjoy.
pera house is like a maze. eryone; others are the same materials the internal for visitors to understand nstead of presenting a sense of harmony by ral components. It takes e used as an outline of any s at night. The use of light is gy to show better sense of
Further thinking: No doubt, Guangzhou Opera House is an amazing architecture from Zaha. However, the construction failure cannot be ignore. Not only this building but also a lot of other building designed by foreigner architect, they are not in good representative condition due to Chinese cultural and society. Some people said they treat China as a big lab. However, I think China is a place that can adapt all the possibilities.
010
012
Disney
Walt
Concert Hall
013
General info: Walt Disney concert hall was designed by architect Frank Gehry and located in Los Angeles. It has been described as one of the most “acoustically sophisticated” concert halls in the world. Why I love it: The Walt Disney Concert Hall shows me another kind of architectural thinking. This is the most “crazy” architecture I have ever seen before. Not only the structure is complex but also the material it used is worthy to do research on. Therefore, I start to think about how complexity and reality can be considered at the same time. Argument: Nothing is free. For such a complex architecture, it will never be cheap to build. However, money is not the main problem. The main problem is such an expensive material cost bad reflection problems due to the reflective property of the material. The mirror-like panels on the surface
heats the neighboring residents caused a high cost on air-conditioning. Moreover, light pollution resulted the increases of traffic accidents. However, a solution was made to reduce the problem in 2005. Therefore, the choose of material should always consider at the first place to avoid extra cost. Further thinking: The connection between material and form of the concert hall shows me that architecture does not mainly focus on the design ideas, functions, relationship with the surroundings, and landscape but also the consideration of the reality of the structure. The concert hall was designed and created mainly by the purpose of being a music hall rather than incorporating the ego of the architect. Therefore, this building always acts as an inspiration to me where I can use my ideas in different forms, and focus on different areas, like focusing on the purpose of a building then moving into design and my trademark.
1.2 Computing in
n Architecture
016
week
002
2 benefit of using computers in architectur al design proce
017
Digital architecture has become part of our modern revolution in the world of architecture. Architects started with using computer as a tool to present, and now, they use computer as a tool for designing. I think the process of architectural design is a journey of finding new ideas. However, design never ends as the ideas can always change. When computer was used as a representational tool, it allowed the designing process become more accurate in terms of result and structure. This differs from free hand drawings, as computer provides a more simple and easier way to demonstrate design ideas. Especially after 3D modeling software releasing, digital model became another objective way of representing to unprofessional people other than physical model.
Fr m us fo gr
Th co an Ho is be th co of ta se an fo it ar
ess
rom this slide, it is easy to see that using digital model to present is more straightforward than sing architectural site plan. It is also easier or clients to understand and gain a better rasp of the project in progress.
he design process has become the ombination of creative architects’ ideas nd representative computer’s outcomes. owever, the exploration of computer’s ability endless. Instead of making communication etween architects and computer, it shares he design ideas between architects and omputer. This highly expands the possibility f unexpected outcomes. Architects got the alent of creativity and sensitive to good visual ensation. Computer has awesome analytical nd representative property. Therefore, orming an idea through computer, modifying with creativity has become the new way of rchitectural design.
Computers
IN
Architectur al Design Process
Architectures have the ability to be more unexpected and ‘crazier’. Moreover, apart from the form and shape that digital architecture can produce, the complex design process can never be achieved without analyzing the concept and ideas through computers. Nevertheless, with development of computers’ design ability, the reality and acceptability of the world should always be considered. Sometimes, people or clients are not able to understand architects. Therefore, they could not always accept some creations of architecture. In another words, the speed that digital architecture is developing may be faster than the speed that people get the sense of interest. Only if there is an architectural world, architects can design without any concern.
Metamorphosis discourse
computational architecture
021
New
playhouse for
the royal theatre in Copenhagen
metamorphosis process, a differentiated surface articulation and spatial organization is resulted. The way of analyzing activities in the theatre provides a more advanced opportunity to get the satisfied outcomes. Sometimes, instead of thinking about further ideas out of the projects, a idea rises from the project will be better to work on.
This project is about a landscape playhouse, which has been used as the competition entry for ‘a new playhouse for the royal theatre in Copenhagen’. This project was awarded in the FEIDAD Award in 2003. By using the geometric characteristics and structural logics of self-intersecting curved surface as the foundation of
The spaces created using digital computational process interrupts with functional characteristic, which produces a dynamic surface. However, the conceptual idea and practical outcome is not the same. As an architectural project, it seems like lack of reality. The physical laser cut model is effectively presenting the structure. However, the reality is that a building with this kind of form needs more consideration regarding the material. The same as other digital architectural projects, computer forms a perfect form, but not a real building. This project is successful and well organized. It performed a discourse of computational architecture. However, it is not able to end up with a real building due to the shortage of material properties. Therefore, like a lot of other project, this project can only exist in the digital realm, but not real world.
week
003
1.3 Parametric Modeling
Par ametric
Modelling
--A fashion & method
Parametric design is a fashionable way of architecture design. I personally think the parametric design process is to input vectors instead of other specific ideas into a function, and get different design plans through changing the vectors in this function. It can be seen as a way of design that is based mainly on computers and numbers. The solution is also derived through auto-generation. However, the parametric modeling, which is very popular today, often works out by using a plugin in Rhino, Grasshopper. This means parametric should not be a style but more towards fashion. Parametric people say, “parametricism” is a new style of architecture, which means “all architectural elements and complexes are parametrically malleable.” However, I don’t think “parametricism” exists right now. Computer helps the parametric design come true, but no one knows where will it lead. Hence, there is no specific form of ”parametricism” architecture, other than the way it designs thoroughly.
However, other architecture styles are all representing a kind of form in architecture design. Therefore, “parametricism” should not be called or predicted, at least for now. We should totally understand parametric design first, before we get to move it to a style of architecture. Parametric modeling is systematically opposite to traditional architectural design process. Architecture should be against rationality, which means architecture should not be an outcome of logical theory but aesthetics. However, the basic theory and background parametric design is totally different from the traditional architectural design. In some instances, the parametric design outcomes are the results of computer calculating rather than architectural thinking. Furthermore, designs mainly derived from historical architectural thinking and typical architectural style will be more meaningful. As a kind of decoration in the earth, architecture with aesthetics thinking and represents a meaning is easier to understand and accept. However, the public, because of the new and stylish form, accepts parametric architectures itself. Such as the parametric architecture, Guang Zhou Opera House, built by Zaha in China, Chinese are really enjoying in having a “weird” but curved architecture on land. However, when seen with the surroundings, it seems out of tune. A part from some designs are hard to build and exploration of function taking more time than the design outcome, parametric modeling should be a new generated and workable way in the digital generation. The soft curved architectures are definitely easy on the eyes and needed for young architects to understand the process of creating the architecture.
026
Stuttgart city
Parametric Skin Designed by Oliver Dibrova
This project is to design a faรงade on an existing building in the city of Stuttgart. It should be an experiment project not only on using parametrical design for a faรงade but also testing the suitability of a new form in an old city. The trend of using parametric design in a project is fabulous for the project itself. However, when we look into a big scale of planning, it becomes not suitable yet for every part of a city. By analyzing the urban planning of the area, it is not yet ready to develop into a parametrical area, which means the faรงade itself is building with another style and another level of architectural design, a new fashionable design method. Therefore, I think parametric design is not always suitable to build on site. Some of the city needs to keep their old look in a modern time. Even if parametric design appears in the city while everything looks old and valuable for history, it will take long time to totally change the appearance of a city to parametrical. Moreover, certain historical values in a city should be kept and not destroyed as it allows future generations to be able to ponder upon these historical cities. Apart from the big scale of the project, the parametric design process is more interesting to discover. A very big advantage of this parametric design is to contain the analysis of sun, shadow, solar insolation, urban adaption and orientation etc. along the design process.
028
029
4
This generates the parameters and functioning in the components making process, and then, fabricates the final output objects through a continuous design process. In my point of view, this results the design process to be three parts. The first one is to fully analysis the environmental building systems and gets database analytical parameters. This should be the most important step in this parametric design process. Without a fully analyzed parameter, the project is not going to work in the ideal way. The second step is the main parametric design process. The parameters were reformed through different orders. However, the parameters were still remaining the same identities. The third and is the most excited part of the process is how to output it into the actual project. For this project, it perfectly overlaid the previous layer of building by using the shape of building as a parameter to analysis. Therefore, it is easy to say how a parametric design process work in the way of parameterization. This design process overturned the standard way of design. It gives designer more opportunity to look into the function, technique and building system. It makes the dream of easily combining design and technique together to come true. However, not all the parametric design process work in this way. Some projects still allow parametric appearance overtake the function of a building. Therefore, in the project I am going to work on, I will take a good care of the function of a building instead of appearance.
“Now that we are aware that extremely complex forms can actually be built, there needs to be some reversed engineering introduced, so that we learn more from production techniques in order to make these complex forms, but also to discipline ourselves as architects when form making. “
031
– Ben Van Berkel
UNstudio
Mercedes-Benz
Museum
In Stuttgart
Mercedes-Benz UNstudio
Museum
Now that we are aware that extremely complex forms can actually be built, there needs to be some reversed engineering introduced, so that we learn more from production techniques in order to make these complex forms, but also to discipline ourselves as architects when form making. – Ben Van Berkel It is always said that designers think in connections, relationships and the whole rather than numbers. However, parametric modeling software is willing to help designers do everything they can think with numbers. It uses a specific understanding about parameters to produce a method of producing building components and manufacturing it. The best part of this design is not about amazing forms but the perfect use of parametric design progress to produce a useful building in many ways. Different from most of other parametric designs, this museum is not valuable for its parametric appearance but the technique used in construction and design. It can be seen as a revolutionary building. The spatial arrangement, circulation path, forms and the functions closely related to the parametric design process and fabrication process. The building achieved to provide about 16,500 square meters of usable space on a relatively small footprint through parametric modeling. The design is essential for customers, which is the most important people for this museum, to choose their path of visiting. This is a new challenge and new idea that approached in this design.
However, the form of this building is only able to describe in parametric way rather than regular way of representation. There is not a specific plan or section. In some aspect, it is good for its easy process of design. However, the fabrication technology will be on a higher standard than the standard design process. The manufacture process of parametric modeling buildings will be more important than standard building design. There will be another problem that the builders need to be more experienced and braver to try a new method of constructing. From what I saw in the pictures, the building is not as complex as Zaha’s designs. However, it provides more things rather than the parametric appearance. I must state that, I don’t think a ‘beautiful’ design is necessary to build if it does not contain any inner beauty. Designs like the Mercedes Benz Museum revolutionarily demonstrated a new idea of parametric designs. It is not only about curved surface and complex spatial component, but also telling a discourse of parametric design process from a parameter to become a completed structure. Moreover, I predict that techniques of construction will be the next revolutionary point in building design. The connection between architects and engineers will be closer and closer through the uses of parametric design. In addition, parametric design is going to be a design method combined with easy fabrication and better performance. It is really excited to produce and see what will happen in future.
034
Part
002
Cut Project
week
004
2.1 Group Research & Argument + Case study 1.0
MY EXPERIENCE SO FAR.... After three weeks of research in digital and parametrical architecture, I gained a better understanding of it. I thought parametrical architecture would be a process of design without any architectural thinking and argument. Actually, it does obey the argument architect’s set and architectural thinking that comes out from design ideas. The only difference from traditional architectural design is parametric design process brings more possibilities and more varieties of outcome without any prediction. The design outcome is not only dependent on architects but also changed by digital tools. I began to get more a morinterested in testing all the definitions and make fun of using it. I realized the reason why parametric architecture is more and more popular, because it not only tests the critical idea of an architect but is also unlimited. For an architect, it will be a fun idea to invent a brand new definition, which makes the impossible become possible.
039
Attractor point:
--Possibilities
We built up our argument by using a mind map (see right side). From the mind map, we found out three main points that will be possible to create a rich experience for the gateway project. Firstly, we considered the interactivity between users and the project. We decided to create a unique experience that drivers and clients can play with. We take the advantage of the characteristic of attractor points, it can produce different views from different points. The possibility of changing the driving experience can be reached by different settings of attractor points. Therefore, the project will not only be a kind of sculpture but also something that users can discover through different method, such as speed and location, which we are possible to develop further more.
EXPERIENCE & VIEWS
BUDGET
DRIVERS PASSENGERS
CO MATERIAL
BU CLIENT
INTER
Secondly, we decided to use multiple viewpoints in the project. It is still unexciting if only one kind of view is shown during the journey; therefore, we are trying to produce a large variety of views through driving. In order to satisfy this, multiple viewpoints are the best choice for a project using attractor points. Thirdly, we will try to create distortion of users’ perception. We plan to use different patterns to create a sense of speeding up or down. It is also possible to create a visual experience like “rhythm” through changing of light. We also decided to create different experience in daytime and at night. This can be achieved by using light, which is easy to design according to the project brief. Therefore, our argument is about an attractor point informed approach allows for an interactive architecture which can engage the user with multiple viewpoints, presenting opportunities for distorting the user’s perception of space and/or time. This can transform the typically mundane task of driving into a rich and memorable visual experience, which reflects ideas about the context.
ILLUSION OF MOVEM
MIND MAP
ONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
SHELTER?
SPACING
RHYTHM
MOVING VIEWPOINT
ANIMALS
UILDER
SPEED
RACTIVE
MATERIAL
DAY AND NIGHT
TIME & SPACE
ATTRACTOR POINT
EXPERIENCE VISUAL
MENT
NATRUAL ENVIRONMENT
LIGHT
COLOUR
042
Case study 1.0
043
TEST A
TEST C
TEST B
TEST D
TEST A This definition uses curves to define surface then divide the surface according to the frames, then extruding the surface.
TEST B Curves are used to define geometry then divide the geometry using optional shapes to input within the divided surface. Arrange the points and circles.
TEST C Curves are used to define the surface, Point are used to divide the points on the surface, then collecting the points and if evaluate with expressions, lastly offsetting the curves.
TEST D Use 2 curves to describe the loft, to divide the surface, use input image on the surface then extrude the surface to a point.
week
005
2.2 cut case study 2.0 -- BBK Pavillion
Case study 2.0 -- BBK PAVILLION
The Pavilion for New Architecture is a project by BBK in 2005. It represents a new way in project design, which is called parametric. The design intent of this project is based on the uses of “attractor point� in parametric environment. The project is very successful in using attractor point to create a specific view inside the object, which created a total different perception for visitor. However, it is not perfect. As a project in an exhibition, visitors should be able to participate with all the projects. However, there is only one attractor point, which means only one visitor able to participate each time. This may not really obey the idea of exhibition. Therefore, I think a project design for public use should always think about the people. In this case, multiple attractor points might be the best to use.
047
Recreation:
049
(1) Without following the original BBK project definition, we started to recreate one hexagon surface with a lot of little hexagons on it and extrude all of the hexagons into one point. However, the little hexagons were not extruded, the big hexagon extruded several times instead. Therefore, it does not shown what we want.
(2) We tried to create one part of the sphere by creating hexagon grids extruded to one attractor point. This is working as a single part. However, if we copy and paste it to form a geodesic dome, the original affect will not be shown. Firstly, the extruded hexagons are the same in size and shapes, but the BBK project contains different shapes of hexagons. Secondly, it cannot produce the “line view� when looking from the attractor point. Therefore, this method cannot be used.
(3) We tried to use a geodesic sphere as the base, then, place the hexagon on it and extrude to one attractor point. However, the hexagons placed on the sphere turned out to be flat all the time and there is no way to rotate the hexagons. Therefore, this test is fail again.
(4) We plan to test the possibility of using triangulated geodesic dome as the original structure and extruded the triangles to one attractor point. We trimmed one part of it in Rhino and it is working in the way we expected. This means a hexagon geodesic dome is also possible to achieve this.
051
(5) The attractor point has been attracting the hexagons on a sphere in grasshopper, and then, trimmed by two inner and outer cubes. The final outcome our group was theoretically the same with the original project. The only difference was that we state the attractor point in the center if the sphere and trimmed the sphere with central symmetric cube. Therefore, the outcome is not as interesting as the original one. However, with the help of geodesic dome plug-in, the process in rhino is really straightforward. In this case, our group is not going to use geodesic dome as the basic input for our project. Instead of producing a similar hexagon pattern within a geodesic dome, we decided to use fins as the pattern attract to multiple points on the same level. We also decided to produce an environment with visual effect, which provides a significant perception for the users. In order to achieve this, a series of variable needed to be applied, such as angle, space, time, shape, different materials etc. Nevertheless, attractor point will always keep in the argument.
week
006
2.3 cut case study 2.0 -- Matrix
055
BBK Pavilion
This is the BKK Pavillion, it’s a geodesic sphere extruded to a central point, then trimmed to make this box. From the outside it seems like this, however, from the inside it is like this where you can only see lines. The two viewpoints are very different and the inside view is sort of unexpected and surprising.
MOCA@LBC
This is the museum of contemporary art. It has this surface treatment to a road-facing wall where as you approach, you see tubes making an undulating surface, and then you see the image of the logo. Like our project, it deals with cars and movement, and interacts with the user.
057
Central Signal Box
This is the central signal box. It uses fins, which changes angles to create varying levels of transparency for light and views in and out of the building. It also offers multiple viewpoints and an element of surprise.
Definition
Since we are more interested in “Fins” instead of “Hexagons”, we followed another project from “FORMul[a]RCH”. It is a grasshopper definition development project that uses sample images to value the move points on surface, creating curves from points, and then, loft them to make varying height gills.
VARIABLE
FIXED
Fin Depth VARIABLE
VARIABLE
FIXED
VARIABLE
Angle
Variable Fin Depth + Angle + Distance + Bending
FIXED SHAPE + VARIABLE PATTERN
VARIABLE SHAPE + FIXED PATTERN
VARIABLE SHAPE + VARIABLE PATTERN
060
061
We developed 50 sets of matrix that contains different varieties. According to our argument, interactivity, multiple attractor point and distortion of users’ perception are reflecting on each of the matrix. However, due to the better quality of representation, we chose to create 10 fins in a row and straight fins for the shape and “<” shape sample image. 10 fins in a row are trying to engage with the speed of movement. Straight fins can change to other shapes in the future according to the specific brief of gateway project. The “<” shape sample image create a visual effect for user, which makes the user feel like speeding up.
Our technique is to take a set of fins and lay them on a surface. The fins bend to create a secondary form that is seen from the first viewpoint. They are attracted to a point on the road. As you approach you see view A (right side) , where you see the faces of the fins, then once you reach the attractor point, you see view B (right side), where you see completely through to the planar support infill which can be completely transparent or a perforated material with an image or pattern. So it creates an element of surprise and it has these two layers of perception. It feels like a pulse when it changes. But this pulse is really quick, so our technique proposes that these sets of fins, which are attracted to one point, are repeated to create a long path that has many sequential attractor points – there are multiple views! By doing this the pulses can create a rhythm and change the users perception of time. Therefore, it uses the fins to create a quick change of perception of form, which is received as a pulse and arranges the pulses in time to change the perception of time.
view A
view B
week
007
2.4 EOI presentation development
Material selection + Reflection We decided to use two materials for the model to make a sense of contrast. Firstly, we test the structural layer with 2.00mm Perspex and fins with transparent polypropylene. However, perspex broke before we construct the model, and the polypropylene is too strong for perspex to hold, transparent polypropylene was burnt during the laser cutting. Therefore, we decided to use black polypropylene. Before we test another round we changed our idea to use card as the material for fins. They were all good until we put the fins into the structural layer. The structural layer did bend to one direction but cannot change to the original position without support. It is good to see the main idea is being well presented, but only the limitation of material is not good for our project. So we decided to use more hybrid material for the fins in the final project.
065
2.00mm Perspex and transparent polypropylene
2.00mm Perspex and black polypropylene
2.00mm Perspex and transparent polypropylene
week
008
2.5 EOI Presentation - Mid semester review
Argument An attractor point informed approach allows for an interactive architecture which can engage the user form multiple view points, presenting opportunities for distorting the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception of space and/or time. This can transform the typically mundane task of driving into a rich and memorable visual experience, which reflects ideas about the context.
069
Multiple viewpoints
Interactivity Experience
Distortion of usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; perception
Precedent Studies SUCCESS & LIMITATION
BBK pavilion Success: • Visitor can play with the sculpture • Different views from inside and outside Limitations: • Only one person can engage at the same time • Limited variety of views
MOCA Success: • Achieve the expected movement connection between cars and building façade Limitation: • Unchangeable experience all the time • No change in perception of time
Central signal box Success: • Using fins to create movement effects (engage with speed) • Light and views adjustment • Views changed from different viewpoints (inside/ outside, left/right) Limitation: • It is too static • It does not use attractor technique, which created random views
• Attractor point We are able to model the attractor point as drivers’ eyes, this gives the project a plenty of chance to have different experience along the road at different positions.
Attractor points
of
Proof
CONCEPT
We modeled only one part of the whole project, however, it can represent the entire possible concept we are going to use for the final project.
• Fins -Although we are presenting the project with straight shape of fins, the possibility of different shape of fins is very easy to achieve from setting different curves in grasshopper definition. -We are able to adjust angle, volume and height of the fins.
071
â&#x20AC;˘ Elongated roadside structure -We are able to produce series sets of fins. This provides a huge possibility of changing experience along the road. With different length of fin set, it can also produce a sense of speeding up or slow down and rhythm. -We are also able to modified the pattern on the structure to achieve different visual experience
â&#x20AC;˘ Materiality -We are decided to use different material for the final project according to the brief. -We tested how does transparent material contrast with non-transparent material so far. It works well in visual perception. It also has the potential of engaging with light effect in the future.
073
For the gateway project, it is mainly about the usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience, memories and attraction. We address the advantage of attractor point to create a rich changeable experience all along the journey rather than a single sculpture that is always static and unchanged. Most of the current existing projects along the road are lack of interaction between users and the project. They are more like a decoration along the road. Our project breaks the rule and adds a new kind of experience along the road. Especially the users can change the experience by changing the speed of cars and location of the cars. Therefore, our project will never be the same. As long as the users in different position or with different speed, they can experience different views. We deserve the design job, because we are creating a changeable environment rather than a decoration.
We DESERVE
non-teaching
week
2.6 Mid semester Break
Further development After the mid semester presentation and taking the feedback as the developing direction, I think our argument is good enough to represent the project. However, due to time and material limitations, we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t apply all the possible technologies on the EOI project. The grasshopper definition is not necessary to change. Therefore, we are going to fully use the advantages of attractor points and engage our design with the final project. Firstly, we are going to change the shape of the fins into a massive form. Secondly, we are going to test the visual effects with driving speed. Thirdly, we aim to create more changeable views by using attractor points on different positions along the road. Last but not the least, the project is going to work out more technique on materiality.
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Consider technique with site We have already considered some of techniques involved with the site and users in EOI development to prove the argument. However, we still need to explore more about the possibility of using light, visual effects and materials. According to the site, possible speed and volume of cars, we will design a better structure to match the requirement. Since we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t push the definition far enough in the EOI presentation, it is worth to summarize the potential here. Firstly, according to the site plan, there are three sites that can be developed. Instead of using one of them, we can take the full potential to develop all of them because we aim to create an environment. Secondly, there is a Caltex service station beside site-B, which means the users are not only drivers or people in cars, but also people in the station. Therefore, the structure on site-B can be considered as being more static to satisfied users having relatively slow movement inside the station. Thirdly, we are considering using luminescence material for some part of the structure. This will be a cheaper method to achieve different viewing in daytime and nighttime through light reflection rather than electricity. Fourthly, in order to guarantee the safety of drivers, we will create an whole space all along the road to let drivers experience, therefore, drivers do not need to concentrate on one point, the accident will not happen because of the structure. Last but not the least, we are going to choose sustainable material and make sure the material does not change the property easily. Since the structure is going to be massive, the structural maintenance must be good enough.
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Drivers
Passengers
People in station
Movement
Material
Expeirence
081
My experience so farâ&#x20AC;Ś I love the process of the parametric technique being created. I feel more and more interested when the design outcome is unexpected shown and amazing to be viewing at the same time. I thought I can only learn how to use grasshopper from this studio, but actually I am learning a way to think parametrically or critically. It is necessary to mention that, I never know an architectural project can be done without a specific structure in head. I always think architects are people who can raise unexpected ideas and present the idea to be a whole structure. However, I realized that grasshopper is better than us in terms of â&#x20AC;&#x153;unexpectedâ&#x20AC;?. It is really amazing that we do not need to think about form and structure; someone else will do it for us, perfectly following what we ordered. From what I understand now, parametric design can be seen as a baby, which does need people to teach him how to do things, but what he will do in the future we do not know at all. I cannot state that every parametric design is good in both visual, functional and even reality sense, but at least, it gives architects more possibility to create what they cannot produce in their head. Therefore, parametric design is appealing for me, and I would like to explore more about it.
Part
003
The Gateway Project
week
009
3.1 The Gateway Project Design Development
087
Site selection From the site description and site plan showing below, site-A is a 90-meter wide road reserve, which is surrounded by northbound and southbound traffic along the Princes Freeway. We first decided to locate our project onto site-A or spanning across the northbound traffic as well as the southbound traffic. However, the span would be too wide to construct. Moreover, the main design intent is not to design a massive sculpture without engaging with drivers. Therefore, instead of locating the project on site-A, we will place it above or across one of the Freeways. According to the brief, it stressed the importance of the project as a gateway into metropolitan Melbourne, so we decided to focus on the road going into Melbourne and site the project there, along the northbound road between sites A and B.
JECT
PRO
90m
RHYTHM
Generate Advanced Discourse • • • • • • • • • • •
Prominent location of site as entry to Melbourne Integration with landscape Iconic feature Appropriately scaled Dialogue between sculpture and landscape Original and engaging form Adherence or regulations Day/night viewing Safety, ease or maintenance Changeable Never done before
Experience of driving & Design context We were focusing on three main contexts with users’ visual experience, as in interactivity, multiple viewpoints and distortion of perception. Accordingly, we found out that “Motion” and “View” was the words that can conclude all of them. Moreover, motion in travelling at speed and most commonly in driving is inseparably tied to “Rhythm”, which expressed by drivers’ visual experiences. Furthermore, we planned to engage with drivers’ excitement of approaching Melbourne and, in a moment, reflect their journey from the more relaxed and quiet rural environment to the face-paced city.
PRECEDENT - STAR GUITAR Furthermore, the key idea behind our project was drawn from a film clip for a song called Star Guitar by The Chemical Brothers directed by Michael Gondry. It is entirely the view looking out of a train and he has manipulated this video so that the things flicking past align with the music so it is a visual rhythm which aligns with the song. We wanted to create the real life, unique Wyndham version of this. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=615FUp8aUmU)
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Argument development • Rhythmic natures of driving, travel and movement • Regular intervals • Visual effect • Musical nature & Location of Wyndham • Speeding up & Increasing intensity The project will reflect one of the natures of driving, travel and movement, that is rhythmic - driving is full of rhythms that when we sometimes pass things at regular intervals, and it is a thing that surrounds us that would be nice to be brought to our attention. The effect will be powerful, highly experiential and memorable. The musical nature of the approach will also offer a way to create a nice analogy with regards to the specific location of Wyndham.
Four distinct parts of rhythm 1.
Flicks (regular)
2.
Flashes (strong accents)
3.
Sub flashes (secondary)
4.
Waves (fluidity)
We plan to stress all of these four distinct parts of rhythm into our design by using more layers. Each layer supposes to be one part of rhythm. Therefore, a visual experience of rhythm will be approached.
Design Progress STEP 1 - FLICKS In order to satisfy the “FLICKS” part of rhythm, the attractor point technique of parametric tool Grasshopper that has been developed in the previous part of design in EOI can be addressed perfectly. The fins that create contrast between bright and dark view is the best description of “flicks” in the visual rhythm. According to the site, speed limit (100km/h) and visual effect requirement time, we decided to make the project into 305meters long. This long surface follows the user overhead and creates a time span. Moreover, in order to satisfy the following parts of rhythm and the multiple attractor points, we separated it into 32 sets of fins, which are then attracted to different points on the road as drivers pass through. Therefore, the fins will flick in pulses rather than just gradually repeated. This pulsing creates a regular time keeping the rhythm to go for 4 bars of 8 beats.
view at attractor points (bright)
view not at attractor points (dark)
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STEP 2 - FLASHES & SUBFLASHES The brief mentioned about the gateway is a signifier of the first point of metropolitan Melbourne and something that should bring excitement with. It also acts as an analogy for a transition from the relatively quiet and easy suburban to the higher volume, intensity and speed of the city. Therefore, a main layer of “FLASHES” combined with a layer of “SUBFLASHES” is needed to create a sense of speeding up and excitement. We found a parametric tool in Grasshopper called Firefly, which allowed us to play notes whose frequencies could be output into a table. We concentrated on the nature of the project where we would want to infuse a special tune or melody into the driving experience, hence we played different melodies with the help of grasshopper. Grasshopper was used to create circles with an inverted radius proportional to the frequency of the tune. This resulted in the big notes making big circles and the high notes making smaller circles. These were all incorporated in the skin to create pulses of light to suit the rhythm of the song manually. Accordingly, the flashing parts of rhythm became possible to create. Therefore, another layer of surface had then been allocated for making an effect of flashes of light, which created a rhythm of strong beats. However, the results it produced was not as interesting as we expected. It was not particularly intelligible. On another hand, this provided opportunities for the city council or community to use their special songs that more related to the Wyndham city.
STEP 3 - WAVE Last but not the least, “WAVE” can create the third kind of rhythm, which experienced as a swaying from up to down and down to up to add an additional part to the music and to better express the fluid nature of music. According to the rhythm of song we used to create the “FLASHES” and “SUBFLASHES” layers, a soundwave has been created.
FLASHES & SUBFLASHES
WAVE SHAPES
093
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
1ST VERSION
2ND VERSION
3RD VERSION
095
STEP 4 - STRUCTURE As a group of layers, how do they stand up, what material should be used and some engineering considerations become the main issue for the development of project now. Following the previous questions about how can the group of layers stand up. We decided to make the surface fold down on one side, according to the shape of “WAVE”, to ensure there is at least on point of support for the entire length. However, the span of this kind of structure seemed too wide to support. Therefore, we kept the “flicks” layer unchanged and changed the “flashes” and “subflashes” layer fully extended to one side of the highway. This makes one side of the road been covered. We chose the southern side to ensure and the northern side was open so the sun would still be able to enter to have the fins visible enough.
1ST VERSION
2ND VERSION
Unique design
The design is unique in terms of style, experience and engagement. • Shape & Style First of all, most of freeway design projects were sculptures. However, our design is not a sculpture, and it also not really a tunnel. It is better to describe the shape and style as the combination of both of them. • Experience Secondly, our design engages with rhythm. This has never happened in a highway project before. Moreover, it is not a real musical rhythm. It is a kind of physical rhythm by using visual effect. Furthermore, we created an 11 second environment, which contains musical and visual experience. • Engagement Most of other design projects about freeways were lack of engagement between the project and people. Sometimes people might not even see the project. However, our project is just above drivers’ eyes. Even before reaching our design, drivers’ are able to see it because it just right above the road with a height of 5.5 meters. Moreover, drivers can engage with our design by feeling the effect that created by the structure, such as visually speeding up. Therefore, it is a good way to let the driver physically slow down because even the speed is constant our design make them feel like speeding up. Accordingly, it helps to ensure the safety of drivers as well.
3RD VERSION
RHYTHM
week
010
3.2 Tectonic Design Development
Construction Details •
Additional layer -- Structural layer Last week, we considered about the structural support by the layers. However, after considering about the materials, we found out that the structure cannot be supported. Therefore, another layer has been added to the top of the structures as structural layer. According to the structure of Tullamrine Freeway Sound Tube, we found out that hollow structure is the best to be a purely structural layer. To maintain the same effects as before, the structural layer will be hollow whenever pules occurs. It can be seen as another pulse layer constructed by separated beams. • Pulse layer Aluminium cladding 1200mm x 3600mm Panels
• Connections The steel outer structural beams layer is constructed into the ground with generous footings to account for the cantilevers. They are tied together to provide lateral support. A skin of aluminium cladding is tied to the beams and the aluminium fins are then tied to the cladding with fixed angled joints.
• Fins layer Aluminium fins
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â&#x20AC;˘ Stability By analysing the structure, it is the steel structural beams layer, which supports the whole structure. Therefore, with the thickness of 2600mm beams, 2200mm centres, 12m average cantilever length, 5m height and 100mm lateral beams as well as a suitable footing system, the structure can be stable by itself. Therefore, no matter how the pulse layer or fins layer changed to be, it will always be stable. However, the durability of the steel that made the beams need to be considered carefully before constructed.
Material selection -- Real life Structural layer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; steel Tullamirne Freeway sound tube was constructed by curved and tapering steel plate frames that form oval shapes enclosing the twin roadways. The frames are attached to the edges of the concrete box girders of the lane elevated roadway beneath the cantilevered roadway deck. According to the similar structural requirement and good performance of steel in that project, we decided to use steel as the main structural layer. Pulse layer & Fins layer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; aluminium Aluminium is a relatively soft, durable, lightweight, ductile and malleable metal with appearance ranging from silver to dull grey. According to the lightweight property, it is suitable for the pulse and fins layer because it is better for them to be hanged by the structural layer easily. Due to the good durability of aluminium, it is good for a project under sun and rain. Moreover, the colour range for it is variable so that we can adjust the colour according to our design intent.
Material selection -- Concept Model Structural layer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Plywood 2.7mm Plywood is a common material for architectural model making whenever a relatively strong and smooth base is needed. Moreover, it is not expensive to laser cut. Therefore, we chose plywood to be the structural layer. Pulse layer & Fins layer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ivory Card 250gsm As the same requirement as the real structure, these two layers need to be light and easy to bend. Therefore, ivory card is the best choice because it is easy to bend and easy to glue at the same time. Moreover, in order to make the full piece of Pulse layer to be easy to bend, we created a hidden pattern on it (brick wall like pattern).
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Engineering considerations â&#x20AC;˘ Transportation Considering about the transportation cost maybe very high due to the massive scale of our project. We purposely separated our project to many small parts. Therefore, it will be easier to transport and reduce the space wastes in carss. However, the weight limitation of trucks and road may make the transportation fee become higher than other projects, because the site is in the middle of the high way, which resulted longer distance for travelling. â&#x20AC;˘ Construction on site The material storage space is definitely enough as site A has plenty of space. However, the construction time need more consideration because the highway is running for 24 hours. Although there will be less cars at night, safety factors for changing roads at night is very low. Moreover, heavy transportation load will be added to the freeway in the morning. Therefore, constructing the project in the morning is also not good enough. As a mater of fact, the project cannot be half finished when cars are still driving underneath. Therefore, an early announcement that telling drivers of changing road, run the construction process all day and try to reduce the construction time are the best choices.
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week
011/12
3.3 FINAL PRESENTATION
RHYTHM
relationship between music and architecture
Argument
An attractor point informed approach allows for an interactive architecture which can engage with the user from multiple view points, presenting opportunities for distorting the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception of space and/or time. This can transform the typically mundane task of driving into a rich and memorable visual experience, which reflects ideas about the context.
Design Direction
Other than attractor point technique in grasshopper, we are also interested in the relationship between music and architecture in physical and visual ways. This will provide a new opportunity to change the experience, perception and interactivity usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; had through passing by a sculpture without any engagement. Furthermore, our project is not only trying to produce a rhythm within musical condition, but also feel the rhythm by viewing it.
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Precedent Projects
We have used mainly two precedents in our project design process. STAR GUILTAR The first one and the key one is a film clip for a song called star Guitar by The Chemical Brothers directed by Michael Gondry. It engaged with the motion of a train and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s visual experience by following the motion of train as well as looking at the things on road. The film clip is amazing as it fully uses the potential of the relationship between things beside train and the train while moving. Accordingly, our project did also experiment how music can be related to architectural design. However, the only difference between our project and the Star Guitar film clip is that even if without music playing in the car, our project will also create an experience of rhythm through structural shape of our project. However, without music, Star Guitar will only show a road view along trainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s track. Only because we found this short clip of Star Guitar, we started to think about how to make music without sound. Accordingly, we found that wave shapes are actually able to let people feel the rhythm of music. Therefore, the innovation of playing music without sound came true, which highly achieves the design argument of experiencing rhythm through motion of drivers.
TULLAMRINE FREEWAY SOUND TUBE The secondary precedent is Tullamrine Freeway Sound Tube. It is an architectural and functional structure that tries to create a powerful entry to the city of Melbourne. From its architectural and functional point of view, it achieved the functional requirement more than architectural intent. It reduced the roadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s noise to be attenuated at high-rise apartment buildings nearby in an elegant way. However, we do not need to consider the noise of road due to the site features. For our project the functional part is a constructional supported layer of beams. Moreover, for the architectural intent, our project requires better outcome to follow the pulse and fins layer. For the Sound Tube, it is a sculpture with a function, which can be replaced by a sound blocking sheet as well as a nice architectural structure, which is not beside the highway but over the lanes. However, it is not changeable. Whenever drivers pass by, the same experience happened over and over. For our project, the experience will change through changing different types of music, on or off music and changing driving speed. Therefore, by taking the advantage from this precedent, and by applying functional innovation into our project, we explored the structural potential of a structure. Moreover, by recognizing the changeability of experience is nearly none in the precedent, we encouraged to find out more possibility to make the experience change all the time, not only through applying multiple attractor points, but also try to engage with rhythm/music and speed.
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The brief stressed the importance of the project as a gateway into metropolitan Melbourne so we focused on the road going into Melbourne and sited the project here. We then create a long surface that follows the user overhead and creates the time span
The surface then has fins put on it along the whole way. The stretch of fins is divided into 32 sets, which are then attracted to different points on the road as you pass through. By doing this, as you drive through the fins flick in pulses instead of just gradually.This pulsing creates the regular time keeping rhythm goes for 4 bars of 8 beats.
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The surface then has holes put in it for flashes of light to create a rhythm of strong beats in the way the film clip does. The holes were achieved in two ways. One was using this grasshopper definition below.
The first picture is the pattern produced by the grasshopper definition. We also used the composed rhythm above, which create a speeding up motif. The holes below is the resultant pattern.
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The whole then has an extreme close up soundwave form mapped onto it plan to create a third rhythm that is experienced as a swaying from left to right and right to left to add an additional part to the music and to better express the fluid nature of music. This wave is made to increase in frequency as it approaches Melbourne as part of the analogy, but at a different rate so there is this interplay between the parts, but they still achieve the same effect.
The structure then becomes real by having the surface fold down on one side to ensure there is at least on point of support for the entire length. We chose the southern side to ensure than the northern side was open so the sun would still be able to enter to have the fins visible enough. The steel outer structural beams are placed in the ground with generous footings to account for the cantilevers. They are tied together to provide lateral support. A skin of aluminium cladding is tied to the beams. The aluminium fins are then tied to the cladding with fixed angled joints.
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SITE PLAN
Above all, the design creates an 11 second musical passage of 4 bars of increasing intensity that represents Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s position as a gateway to Metropolitan Melbourne and the point of transition into excitement. We feel that this satisfies the argument by making the rhythm of driving felt, and that is a rhythm about the location, and it creates excitement and a memorable experience fit for Wyndham.
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Exploration with Grasshopper
Other than attractor point that we explored since the fourth week, we did also examine a new plugin within grasshopper, called Firefly. This plugin allowed us to connect music and shape, which really helped in achieving the argument of experience with rhythm or music.Therefore, Grasshopper actually is not only a tool that we use to solve a proper problem but a way that makes every impossible idea become possible in an architectural way. From every test of grasshopper definition, thousands of new innovation came out from some simple connections, this gives us a better understanding of inner connections between dots, lines and surfaces. Because more and more possibilities come out without any expectation, grasshopper became a tool for searching new staff. We do not know what will happen until we back the result. However, not all the people who are trying to engage with grasshopper treat it as a useful tool to search for new possibilities. More people are using it because they wanted to make something come true. It might be the right way of using grasshopper, if so, there will be no difference between using rhino to model and using grasshopper. I do not mind spending several days to explore one definition, as by changing on sector of the definition, the outcomes will become so different and so interesting to expect.
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RHYTHM
RHYTH
HM 3.4
Final analysis ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO: AIR WESTERN GATEWAY DESIGN PROJECT
Further development In our project, we did consider about the day and night view of the project. It was decided to be automatically changing because of the reflection property of aluminium. However, because the material for fins and pulse layers are the same, it will still be very hard to get different effects for day and night views. Therefore, we could consider more about how to achieve another experiential change in the daytime and at night. Some suggestions may be painting the fins and aluminium cladding into different colour or using different reflection material to plate. We found that concept model should be built earlier to test how the stricter satisfied the design intent. Moreover, for our project it will be better if we can make the whole model, because the form of our design is the main thing that we have to show for our project. However, due to the time limited and we considered into more constructional outcomes, we did not make the whole project model.
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Digital & Parametric design experience I prefer digital architectural design when I started to learn how to design. I thought it was easier to change the design without a lot of redoes. Digital architectural design also seems more modern to be used now. It helped to improve time efficiency and quality of outcomes. However, I always think freehand architectural drawing skill is also important for us to handle. It is the basic way of presenting our ideas. Therefore, originally, I think only digital design and freehand design are both irreplaceable. After one semester of exploring new techniques with Grasshopper in parametric design, I found that parametric design is also a design skill that everyone needs to take serious in this era. It is not only a tool or a way of designing, but also an innovation of creating more unexpected possibilities. It is interesting to me that the outcome will not be the same for every single trail. This attracted me so much because I never imagined that a digital programme could create a design with me rather than for me. It is like a group mate that shares your idea and helps you to create more according to his knowledge, which I do not know at all. I love to work with someone who has a lot of ideas. It is better than work with someone who can only follow your order. Parametric design is someone has a lot of ideas that welling to be shared and working together with more innovations. Obviously, digital design and freehand design are the one that followed orders only. This does not mean that digital design and freehand design is not useful for designing. Sometimes it is easier to use digital tools to finalise the 3D design, because it is faster and more accurate to show what we want to do. In this case, parametric design is only beneficial when design outcome is supposing to be unknown, however, when we are pretty sure about what kind of outcomes we are going to produce, this will be the time of using digital design. Moreover, to start a design, freehand design is better to be use, because it is the most efficient and convenient way of presenting ideas. It is so surprising that design can also be something that is totally unknown in my head. I always thought that the designing process is about site analysis and design intent following a problem solving progress. After this semester, I found out that design could also use problem-solving progress to define the design intent and make it suitable on site. Everything seems like reversed because of parametric design, however, nothing changed in the inner connections of architectural design. It still aims to create something never been designed before, just the previous design method is to fully engage with human ideas but the parametric design method is to produce everything according to one part of human ideas with computer programs. Therefore, this semester, I did not only know how to work with group mates but also how to work with the computer. It is hard but still charming for me to explore more about the digital program, Grasshopper in Rhino.
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Reference
WEEK 1: Guang Zhou Opera House http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1282669809rimg0063.jpg http://my-fashion-school.blogspot.com.au/2011/02/guangzhou-opera-house.html http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1282669850rimg0079.jpg Walt Disney Concert Hall http://bigcitiesbrightlights.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/los-angeles-the-waltdisney-concert-hall/ http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/about-walt-disney-concert-hall http://www.ladowntownnews.com/news/dimming-disney-hall/article_25f5eec5339b-5f51-810e-1f1af7fcd361.html WEEK2 Benefit of using computers in architectural design process http://ufd62012.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/advanced-digital-project-alien.html http://www.iaac.net/students-research/digital-tectonics-8/pet-flakes-195 http://digitalmorphology.wordpress.com/ Metamorphosis discourse http://www.dkds.dk/%7BDD5BE14B-5604-43CB-A767-27C15CC64EC4%7D WEEK3 Stuttgart city parametric skin http://www.oliverdibrova.com/blg/?p=423 Mercedes-benz Museum http://www.unstudio.com/projects/mercedes-benz-museum WEEK5 BBK http://www.sial.rmit.edu.au/Projects/Pavilions_for_New_Architecture.php http://cargocollective.com/roryhyde/following/posts/roryhyde/Pavilion-for-NewArchitecture WEEK6 MOCA@LBC http://www.faulders-studio.com/proj_moca.html SIGNAL BOX http://tylerapolich.wordpress.com/2009/08/07/herzog-and-de-meuron-facadetectonics-early-work/basel-central-signal-box-skin-detail/ 1978-2007 Herzong and de Meuron, pp.74-75 BBK http://www.sial.rmit.edu.au/Projects/Pavilions_for_New_Architecture.php http://cargocollective.com/roryhyde/following/posts/roryhyde/Pavilion-for-NewArchitecture DEFINITION http://formularch.blogspot.com.au/2012/04/gh-image-gills.html Non-teaching Week Infinite image http://www.infinityfoundation.co.nz/communityprofile/logos.html WEEK 10 Steel: http://www.mhprofessional.com/downloads/products/0071666664/0071666664_ ch01.pdf Polywood: http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wx8gudxqW60C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33& dq=Plywood+architectural+model&source=bl&ots=IUxKUxC1rY&sig=Oc8ALSl Ev92Cs-fw1Q-to4_miM4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-bmfUKfGBsWjiAepqIDwCA&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=Plywood%20architectural%20model&f=false