Constantinos Doxiadis' Informational Modernism: The Machine at the Heart of Man

CONSTANTINOS DOXIADIS’ INFORMATIONAL MODERNISM: THE MACHINE AT THE HEART OF MAN

The exhibition examines one of the most pressing and transformational conditions of the last half century—the overlapping and intertwining of cities, people, and information systems. The exhibition shows this in two episodes.

The first covers the prescient use of computers in the 1960s by the Greek architect and internationally celebrated planner of cities, Constantinos A. Doxiadis, through the work of DACC—the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center. The second episode traces these computational practices to present-day Athens with new research into the physical form, technical administration, and territorial spread of city and state border management systems.

Episode 1: Doxiadis Associates

Launched in 1964, with its mainframe UNIVAC and spinning tape drives, DACC was a startling venture for an architecture office in the 1960s. Doxiadis belonged to a cohort of international architects and intellectuals appraising the implications of new digital technologies for the future of cities. Yet, unlike his peers who often considered this impact abstractly or theoretically, the techniques and products of computation were deeply integrated into Doxiadis’ practice.

Computation helped Doxiadis Associates generate new kinds of drawings, maps, and urban analyses. It also accelerated Doxiadis’ approach to architecture longguided by information collection and visualization. From his ethnographically inclined documentation of Middle Eastern and African cities to later computerassisted projects such as the Great Lakes Megalopolis, Doxiadis formulated an expansive practice of data-dependent Informational Modernism. With this Informational Modernism—and by surveying

patterns of urban growth, tabulating census results, interviewing city residents, and writing code to predict the mobility of populations—Doxiadis Associates emerged as one of the most prominent sites of data incorporation and experimentation for postwar architecture and design.

The exhibition describes Doxiadis Associate’s informational design work in four sections. Informational Modernism presents Doxiadis’ early data collection and documentation practices. DACC narrates the forming and development of the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center. HUCO describes The Human Community, a DACC-assisted study of neighborhoods in Athens. And DoxUSA traces the acceleration of the office’s computer work through their encounter with American cities in the late 1960s, a period marked by urban unrest and various formulations of urban “renewal.”

In the exhibition and across these four sections, graphs, charts, computer prints, and information grids reappear in different modes and combinations as the predominant visual language. These forms of description were not only a means of communication but also signs of a new urban vision in which the city and its inhabitants are read as informational and in which the city is understood as a processing system of various inputs and outputs.

Episode 2: The New Human Community

In the 1960s, Doxiadis Associates ran The Human Community, a comprehensive DACC-assisted study of Athenian residents that gauged their adaptation to the growth and pace of the postwar city. For Doxiadis, the concept of community represented an ideal of social integration and resident satisfaction. It was also a dynamic measure of urban scale seen via neighborhood boundaries made volatile by postwar upheaval and migration. For many recently arrived residents of contemporary Athens, these boundaries have multiplied and expanded to encompass state borders and

their control systems.

The New Human Community puts the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center in communication with our current debates on computation and community. It retraces Doxiadis’ survey by conducting interviews with refugees and other new residents of Athens. In the exhibition, these interviews appear through extracted video clips and animated maps showing routes taken to arrive in Greece.

The models in the exhibition illustrate instruments, objects, and spaces that manage and monitor the territories traversed by the people appearing in the video documents. Taken together, the models catalog components of Greece’s informational infrastructure and form a compendium of border sites, systems, and imaginaries.

The exhibition tracks links between our postwar and contemporary periods through the techniques of data extraction and accumulation. Its two episodes, six decades apart, chart Greece’s continually emerging informational geography, locating its boundaries, borders, and the data subjects they engender.

Computer Center

The computational capacity of Doxiadis Associates expanded enormously during the 1960s. The office conducted a first experiment in 1961 using census data on the IBM 1401 at the computer center of the National Statistical Service of Greece. In 1964 the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center opened with a UNIVAC 1004. When in 1969 the larger and more sophisticated UNIVAC 1107 was prominently installed in the courtyard of the Lycabettus Hill office it became a beacon of computation and a new image for the office. Lit both day and night it sat behind a bulletproof glass wall and under an owl sculpted by Froso Efthimiadi Menegaki. The model shows the architecture of the computer center with the 1107’s components and communication channels.

Informational Modernism IM

Guided by an almost maniacal observational impulse, Doxiadis’ diaries and reports systematically recorded the roads, buildings, landscapes, and people he encountered in Syria, Lebanon, Zambia, Brazil, and the many other countries in which his office performed work from the 1950s to the 1970s. Part field note, part ethnographic survey, and part document of personal insights and associations, these volumes hint at the expansiveness of Doxiadis’ Informational Modernism.

Preoccupied by the transforming pressures exerted on postwar cities and human settlements, Doxiadis and his office produced and assimilated data on diverse global transformations. Doxiadis was prone to not only a “network fever” but also to a tabulation fever. The graphic language of bars, charts, maps, and graphs that soon saturated the office and coordinated its communication emerged out of Doxiadis’ attempts to package the problems of postwar reconstruction for quick comprehension. The informational language of postwar Greek struggle became the language for a world seen struggling toward survival.

Doxiadis’ Informational Modernism understood the world through information and as information. It made information a resource, a process, and its own aesthetic condition, from the color coding of office documents to the mapping of population patterns. It was amplified and accelerated by the networks and databases of Doxiadis Associates Computer Center, and yet it was not merely a technical obsession. Rather, it was a complex formulation of data collection and compilation that played out across multiple media and that resulted from an engagement with other global modernisms, urban reconfigurations, and geopolitical realignments.

01. Battle for Survival journal, edited by C. Doxiadis. Select issues and pages, 1949 to 1950.

02. Such Was the War in Greece, Greek edition, 1954.

03. Such Was the War in Greece, English edition, 1954.

04. C. Doxiadis’ Diagram or the Organization of Reconstruction Services, 1946.

05. C. Doxiadis’ Memorandum Concerning DA Office’s Information Archives, 1957.

06. The Housing Program of Iraq booklet, 1957.

07. Experimental Housing Projects booklet, 1957.

08. Housing in Mosul booklet, 1957.

09. Housing in Surchinar booklet, 1957.

10. Vocational Schools for Building Trades booklet, 1957.

IM 2

01. Syria Diary, V. 1, 1954. Bound volume and select pages.

02. Syria Diary, V. 2, 1954. Bound volume and select pages.

03. Iraq Diary, V. 2, 1954. Bound volume and select pages.

04. Lebanon Survey, District SD 1-Tripoli and Surrounding Area, 1957. Bound volume and select pages.

05. Ghana Reports Diary 1, 1960. Bound volume and select pages.

06. Zambia Reports V. 3, 1967. Bound volume and select pages.

07. Brazil Diary 1 , 1963. Bound volume and select pages.

Doxiadis Associates Computer Center

A sequence of photos from 1964 shows a crated UNIVAC 1004 computer being hoisted to the second-floor window of the Doxiadis Associate’s offices. The photographs chronicle the arrival of the computer. They also mark a moment at which new kinds of experts, visual techniques, and ideas about data and the city were installed alongside the computing systems.

These novel procedures and training protocols populate the pages of internal DA documents and reports. DA Newsletters from 1964 narrate the launch of the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center, the training of staff, and the technical, spatial, epistemic accommodation of new computer systems. Other documents on view in this section of the exhibition show the growth of the Computer Center through the 1960s to the arrival of the UNIVAC 1107 in late 1969. They also illustrate the new Computer Center—opened in 1970 on the ground floor of the office courtyard—becoming an icon of the amplified computational orientation of the office.

The link between the computer and the city was stressed through different projects, texts, and reports. Published in UNIVAC News, “Cities of Tomorrow Planned on HighSpeed Computers,” lists DA projects then underway in the USA, France, South America, Pakistan, and Zambia. The article forms an image of a combined UNIVAC-Doxiadis global territory that is simultaneously the contours of a sales market and the geography of cities, zones, and regions—analyzed and processed by the tools and techniques of a burgeoning computational urbanism.

DACC 1

01. Brochures describing DACC services.

02. The Doxiadis Group brochure with interior of Computer Center.

03. Doxiadis Organization Profiles with photograph of DA office courtyard and Computer Center.

04. Photograph of DA office building.

05. Architektoniki Magazine, January 1970, with article by C. Doxiadis describing owl sculpture and the “Machine at the Heart of Man.”

06. UNIVAC UPDATE with article on Future Cities, 1968.

07. Brochure for Doxiadis Associates International.

08. Brochure for DACC UNIVAC Datacenter.

DACC 2 (Left)

01. Photographs showing the arrival of the UNIVAC 1004 at the Computer Center, 1964.

02. Photographs showing training session on UNIVAC 1004 at the Computer Center, 1964.

03. Photograph showing DACC staff using sorter and keypunch machine, 1964.

04. Photographs showing engineer training at the Computer Center, 1964.

05. Photographs showing demonstration at the Computer Center, 1964.

06. Photographs of operator training at the Computer Center, 1965.

07. Photographs showing engineer training at the Computer Center, 1964.

08. Photographs of public presentation of UNIVAC 1107 in the new Computer Center, 1970.

09. UNIVAC News, November 1968, with article on Doxiadis’ Computer Center.

10. DA Newsletter reports on the Computer Center, various issues, 1964.

DACC 2 (Right)

01. Ekistics journal issues with computational themes. April 1965 to May 1974.

02. DA Review issues with DACC references. January 1970 to July 1971.

DACC 3 (Left)

01. Ekmaps. Gravitational attraction mapping program tests. Photocopied computer prints, c. 1971.

DACC 3 (Right)

01. DACC keypunch forms.

02. Ekistics Index, 1968.

03. DACC data punch cards.

04. Punch card sequence diagram.

05. DA Report on Fortran and Traf2 computer programs, 1968.

06. Traverse computations output and diagrams.

07. DA Report concerning computer mapping program, 1964.

08. DACC coding sheets.

09. Alan Parkin report on Ekistic Mapping Program, 1971.

10. DA Report on computer mapping for survey analysis, 1968.

11. DA Report concerning HUCO card punching by DACC, 1971.

12. DA Report on demonstration program, 1968.

13. DA Report on computer services, 1967.

14. J. Tyrwhitt Monthly Index of Articles, 1966.

15. UNIVAC Computers in Greece program, 1968

The Human Community HUCO

From the early 1960s to the 1970s, through the Graduate School of Ekistics, Doxiadis conducted a comprehensive study of the domestic and urban behavior of residents in neighborhoods throughout Athens. Titled The Human Community the study compiled unprecedented amounts of data on the daily tasks and movement patterns of Athenians as they adapted to the shifting structure of the postwar city. The information was collected by interviewers, trained by consulting sociologists, who visited Greek residents in their apartments and houses to complete surveys in the form of lengthy questionnaires.

With hefty funding from the American Ford Foundation, Doxiadis positioned the study as a response to calamitous urban conditions. His initial report begins with the declaration that “Cities the world over face grave problems,” and continues with the inference that The Human Community will help address these crises through its waves of information acquisition and analysis. Between the pilot study and the questionnaire, a series of surveys were administered: an overall Ekistic survey, a depth survey, a housing survey, and a commercial architecture survey augmented the informational breadth of the study.

In the exhibition, sample sheets and photographs from a report on the “Physical Planning Characteristics of 20 Communities” appear like pages pulled from an informational atlas of postwar Athens. Attempting to locate and define borders and boundaries, survey notes identify street conditions as well as “refugee houses” and other signs of mobility through which communities were defined and altered.

A series of HUCO Reports compiled and translated the findings of the surveys and questionnaires into maps of residents’ trips and forms of visualization that made legible the complex topography of community identification and resident interaction. Via an

“index of satisfaction,” the project attempted to measure the suitability of neighborhood spaces, services, and functions for residents of the city.

One of first computational tasks at the office was the transfer of HUCO questionnaire results to punch cards. Over the next decade these results were used for further research and to test new computer programs. Datasets and their analyses—as well as community maps and drawings— were copied, repeated, reprocessed, and folded back into the office. One consequence was a series of operations on previous outputs in which the city and community eventually disappeared and reemerged as an algorithmic principle of attraction or gravitation. Accordingly, as HUCO mapped the lives of Athenians it also mapped the relation between those lives, their information, their behavior patterns, and the appearance of a new kind of being—the postwar computational data subject.

HUCO 1

01. HUCO Reports 1 to 10, 1962-1967. Bound volumes and select pages.

HUCO 2 (Front)

01. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Kallithea, 1963.

02. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Petralona, 1963.

03. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Klonaridou, 1963.

04. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Ano Kypseli, 1963.

05. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Kolonaki, 1963.

06. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Ano Daphni, 1963.

07. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, St. Barbara, 1963.

HUCO 2 (Back)

08. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Central Glyfada, 1963.

09. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, South Glyfada, 1963.

10. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Kifissia, 1963.

11. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Petroupolis and Kipoupolis, 1963.

12. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Koukouvaounes, 1963.

13. HUCO neighborhood verification survey, Nea Kokkinia, 1963.

HUCO 3 (Left)

01. Series of maps illustrating the use of community facilities by household in Kokkinia, circa 1964.

HUCO 3 (Right)

01. Maps of residents’ trips in Kallithea, diazo prints, circa 1965.

02. Photograph of survey participant being interviewed in their home with the aid of a questionnaire, 1963.

03. Diagrams from Study of Social Contacts in The Human Community, 1971.

04. Report on coding and programming Human Community data, 1964.

05. Diagrammatic presentation of The City as System.

06. Report on computer programming for HUCO, 1970.

07. HUCO Facility Study by T. W. Fookes and S. Kumar, 1969.

01–07. HUCO (The Human Community) questionnaire and responses.

DOX-USA

In the mid-1960s Doxiadis Associates was commissioned by the Detroit Edison Company to study one of the most complex urban and social conditions of the decade. Fed by massive amounts of information collected from the US Census, the project sought to describe and anticipate the growth and fate of Detroit and its neighboring areas. Elaborating analytical techniques and computer programs designed for HUCO—coupled with a new roster of descriptive and predictive tools and algorithms—the office attempted to articulate, describe, and visualize what was happening to American cities through recent population shifts and new urban demarcations influenced by issues of income, education, and race.

Some of this work was eminently practical: How could American cities predict and prepare for energy needs when populations and urban concentrations were suddenly unstable? Other parts of the project were more experimental and theoretical. The project focused on the Great Lakes Megalopolis, a massive urban continuum forming in the American northeast. Doxiadis and his team saw in these new urban patterns the arrival of the “ecumenopolis,” an extensive blanketing of the continent by a nearly continuous network of urban nodes and corridors.

After 1970, the newly acquired UNIVAC 1107 mainframe computer ran the numbers and crunched the data that helped generate growth scenarios and variations. In the exhibition the image of this new urban form is shown with techniques and graphic tools that had been only recently conceived. Using mapping programs written within the office, the quest to show how people and cities interact that was sparked by HUCO became the impetus for an expanded and massive informational output through various American projects, such as the Northern Ohio Urban System (NOUS), or Urban Detroit Area (UDA).

In the USA the “grave problems” facing cities that Doxiadis identified through his study of Athens appeared ever more present by the late 1960s. In 1967 the office established a partnership with System Development Corporation to form a new entity with the goal of addressing urban problems through computation in America and beyond. In the exhibition, the final vitrine shows computer-generated isochrone maps and other algorithmic forms of analysis and description for Spain. With the concentration of new techniques assembled for the American studies, the Dox-USA projects served as an informational hinge around which Doxiadis Associates and the Doxiadis Associates Computer Center pivoted toward global computation.

DOX-USA 1

01. Survey photographs of Detroit and Detroit Central Business District, circa 1967.

02. Photograph of Doxiadis with Walker Cisler and Edwin George of The Detroit Edison Company.

03. Into the 21st Century, special supplement to The Detroit News, October 1969.

04. Photographs of Detroit Edison development model.

05. Photographs of Detroit meetings and presentations with Doxiadis and team, 1971.

DOX-USA 2

01. Great Lakes Megalopolis Component Variations, computer prints. October 1967 – December 1967.

02. Great Lakes Megalopolis Component Variations, computer prints. December 1967 – January 1968.

DOX-USA 3

01. SDC, The System Development Corporation magazine, 1967-1969.

02. Teletype forms and letters describing partnership between Doxiadis Associates and The System Development Corporation, 1967.

03. DA Report describing computer facilities at The System Development Corporation, 1967.

04. Doxiadis Urban System Development Corporation brochures, 1967-1969

DOX-USA 4

01. The Great Lakes Megalopolis reports and pages, 1967-1968.

02. The Great Lakes Megalopolis in 1970 report, 1974

03. Work charts for Urban Detroit Area project, 1968.

04. The Detroit Edison Company Planning Project reports, 1965-1967.

05. Urban Detroit Area research project, 1970.

06. Athens Center of Ekistics research reports, 1967-1971.

DOX-USA 5

01. Emergence and Growth of an Urban Region: The Developing Urban Detroit Area, Volume 1, 1966. Select pages and spreads.

02. Emergence and Growth of an Urban Region: The Developing Urban Detroit Area, Volume 2, 1967. Select pages and spreads.

03. Emergence and Growth of an Urban Region: The Developing Urban Detroit Area, Volume 3, 1970. Select pages and spreads.

DOX-USA 6 (Left)

01. Great Lakes Megalopolis and Northern Ohio Research Program reports pages, 1969-1971.

02. Emergence and Growth of an Urban Region pamphlet, 1967.

03. The Developing Great Lakes Megalopolis Research Project pamphlet, 1974.

04. The Developing Great Lakes Megalopolis Research Project, An Introduction pamphlet, 1968.

05. Great Lakes Megalopolis migration studies, circa 1967.

06. Northern Ohio Urban Research Program report, select pages, 1970.

07. Letter from Walter Christaller to C. Doxiadis, 1967.

08. The Detroit Edison Planning Research Program, select pages, 1964.

09. The Detroit Edison Planning Research Program, Traffic Volume Analysis, 1964.

10. Doxiadis’ notecards for Great Lakes Megalopolis presentation, 1971.

DOX--USA 6 (Right)

01. Ekisitic Model of Catalonia with computer-generated isochrone maps, 1973.

02. Analysis of Principal Activity Zones Catalonia, 1971.

03. Traffic Volume Analysis, 1971.

04. The Forces of the Ecumenopolis, Catalonia, 1971.

05. Transport Model, Ekistic Model of Catalonia, 1973.

06. Output of Nedes computer program, 1973.

07. Suitability systems diagram, 1973.

08. Analysis of Migration Balance from Provinces in 1969, 1971.

09. Analysis of Businesses and Labor by Sector in 1964, 1971.

10. Industrial Businesses in 1964, 1970.

11. Input and Output of Alternatives rubric, 1971.

12. Ekisitic Map for 1967, 1969.

NHUCO Models

Questions of community and computation intersected in Doxiadis’ studies of cities, populations, movement, and mobility. Retracing and responding to these themes and conditions, The New Human Community maps the coordinates of our current informational geography—a contemporary echo of Doxiadis’ Informational Modernism. The New Human Community has two main components. The first is a sequence of video interviews with recently arrived refugees and residents of Athens on the projection screens. The second component is a series of 3D-printed models. The models illustrate prominent Greek border sites, showing a combination of possible, probable, and actual border trajectories as well the architectures, spaces, systems, and infrastructures that monitor and organize movement at different scales. These scales span police depots, border stations and fortifications, Coast Guard patrols, and Frontex control rooms. The models also catalog the information collection instruments that saturate these spaces, from satellites and drones to thermal cameras, heartbeat detectors, and CO2 sensors.

BORDER SITES

SITE-1 Kastanies Border

Foot Crossing

SITE-2 Evros Military Buffer Zone

Foot Crossing

SITE-3 Nea Vyssa

Control Room

SITE-4 Neo Cheimonio

River Crossing

SITE-5 Warsaw Poland

Frontex Situation Center

SITE-6 Mytilini Strait

Pushback

SITE-7 Mediterranean Sea

Frontex Pre-Frontier

Monitoring

SITE-8 Piraeus Port

Vessel Traffic Monitoring

SITE-9 Samos Closed Controlled

Access Center

Biometric Data Collection

SITE-10 Athens

Ministry of Migration

Monitoring Center

SITE-11 Patras Port

Transit Zone

SITE-12 Lesvos

Reception and Identification

SITE-13 Thessaloniki Police Station

Asylum Request

SITE-14 Igoumenitsa Port

Coast Guard Detention

SITE-15 Kakavia Border

Foot and Vehicle Crossing

SITE-16 Idomeni Railway

Foot Crossing

INFORMATIONAL OBJECTS

OBJ-1 Electro-Optical Sensor

TDR-HR-300

OBJ-2 Electro-Optical Sensor NVTS

OBJ-3 Multi-Sensor M19 HD

OBJ-4 Forward-Looking Infrared M364

OBJ-5 Network Camera Axis Q1786-LE

OBJ-6 Synthetic Aperture Radar

BCP ELM-2022U

OBJ-7 Iris Scanner BK 2121U

OBJ-8 Fingerprint Scanner Idemia

TP-3000

OBJ-9 Handheld CO2 Detector

OBJ-10 Surveillance Aerostat Frontex

OBJ-11 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Heron 1

OBJ-12 Helicopter Bell UH-1

OBJ-13 Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat

Rafnar 1100

OBJ-14 Coastal Patrol Boat Lambro 57 MK1

OBJ-15 Rigid Hull Inflatable HCG

OBJ-16 Electronic Surveillance Tower

OBJ-17 Automatic Identification System Receiver

OBJ-18 Remote Sensing Satellite

Sentinel-1

OBJ-19 X-Band Marine Radar

OBJ-20 Satellite Communications v85NX

OBJ-21 Heartbeat Detector

OBJ-22 Lie Detector Avatar

OBJ-23 X-Ray Vehicle Scanning ZBV

S-Class

OBJ-24 Thermovision Van

OBJ-25 Biometric Access Turnstile

OBJ-26 Vehicle Undercarriage Scanner

EXHIBITION CREDITS

Concept, Research, Curation & Design: Farzin Lotfi-Jam and Mark Wasiuta

Executive Direction: Afroditi Panagiotakou, Prodromos Tsiavos

Commissioned and Produced by Onassis Stegi / Organized in partnership with Constantinos A. Doxiadis Archives & Constantinos and Emma Doxiadis Foundation / With the support of the Greek Council for Refugees and Melissa Network / And with additional support from the Graham Foundation / With special thanks to Polina Kosmadaki, Giota Pavlidou, Yorgos Tzirtzilakis

NEW HUMAN COMMUNITY ATHENS TEAM

Coordinator: Lefteris Papagiannakis / Production Team: Christos Lazaridis, Nasruddin Nizami, Angeliki Stamataki

CURATORIAL RESEARCH & PRODUCTION TEAM

Design and Fabrication Coordination:

studioentropia architects_ (Yota Passia and Panagiotis Roupas) / Fabrication Consultant: Manos Vordonarakis

Curatorial Assistants: Grace Alli and Meera

Almazrooei / New Human Community

Research Coordinator: Jarrett Ley /

Curatorial Research and Production Team: Grace Alli, Meera Almazrooei, Jarrett Ley, Parker Limón, Austin McInnis / Research

Assistant: Margarita Tzannetou / Exhibition

Graphics, Booklet: MTWTF / Digital Modeling

Assistants: Jialiang Huang, Steven Xianxing Liu, Arseny Pekurovsky, Elina Varouxaki, Adam Lingjia Wang, Gina (Yiqing) Wei, Zifan Zhu / Modelling Assembly Assistants: Panagiotis Athanasiou, Elina Varouxaki, Emmanouela Lygerou, Valentina Farantouri

Translations: Vassilis Douvitsas, Alkisti

Efthimiou, Kyriacos Karseras, Aliki

Theodosiou / Video Translations and Subtitling: Authorwave / Translations & Editing for Booklet: Vassilis Douvitsas

ONASSIS CULTURE

Director of Culture: Afroditi Panagiotakou / Deputy Director of Culture: Dimitris

Theodoropoulos / PR Executive: Alexandra Chrysanthakopoulou / Head of Production: Vassilis Panagiotakopoulos / Producer: Irilena Tsami / Production Coordination: Heracles Papatheodorou / Head of Line Production: Dimitra Bouzani / Line

Production: Yannis Iasonidis / Technical

Director: Lefteris Karabilas / Deputy Technical Director: Giannis Ntovas / Administrative

Support: Rebecca Stamos / Stage Manager: Katerina Kotsou / Publications Manager: Christina Kosmoglou

COMMUNICATION & CONTENT DEPARTMENT

Group Communication & Content Manager: Demetres Drivas / Content Leader: Alexandros Roukoutakis / Head of Creative: Christos Sarris / Campaign Manager: Kanella

Psychogiou / Media Office: Vasso Vasilatou, Katerina Tamvaki, Nefeli Tsartaklea-Kasselaki / Social Media: Vasilis Bibas, Sylvia Kouveli, Alexandra Sarantopoulou / Social Media

Performance Specialist: Giorgos Athanasiou / Copywriters: Elizampetta Ilia-Georgiadou, Valia Papadimitraki / Website Editor: Despina

Kalivi / Creative Studio: Georgia Leontara, Constantinos Chaidalis, Jillian Viglaki, Theodoros Koveos / Audiovisual Coordinator: Smaragda Dogani / Commercial Manager: Nikos Rossolatos / Audience & Client

Development Coordinator: Dimitra Pappa

DIGITAL & INNOVATION

Head of Digital & Innovation: Prodromos

Tsiavos / Digital & Innovation Coordinator: Heracles Papatheodorou / Digital Programs

Executive: Ioanna Margariti / Digital & Innovation Assistant: Katerina Varda / Digital & Innovation Project Officer: Efi Oikonomakou

ONASSIS STEGI

Broadcasting Dept: Panayotis Hajisavas, Stratos Toganidis / House Electricians: Fotis Andrianopoulos, Kiriakos Xanthopoulos /

Audio Dept: Alexis Politis, Thodoris Tsachalos /

Stage Engineers: Iakovos Darzentas, Stelios

Bourdis, Leonardo Cela / Office Services

Coordinator: Vasilis Korompilis / Office

Services Assistants: Christos Giakoumis, Dimitris Lianos / Office Services Support

– Recycle Lab: Giannis Kouros, Dimitris

Nazos / Office Services Support – General

Duties: Panagiotis Stergiou, Loukas

Drosos, Ihor Davyda / Facility Maintenance

Manager: Giorgos Raptis / Facility

Maintenance Administrative Assistant: Hara Sidirokastriti / Facility Engineers: Andreas Branis, Panagiotis Generalis, Ioannis

Karropoulos / Facility Electricians – Lighting

Technicians: Dimitris Bougioukos, Vassilis

Hatzieleftheriou, Marios Chatzis / General

Duty Technicians: Iraklis Zervas, Petrit Mula /

ICT Manager: Emmanouil Karteris /

Network Administrator: Ioannis Chazakis / Food & Beverage Manager: Evangelia

Angelidou / Food & Beverage Assistant:

Despoina Papastergiou / Procurement

Manager: Antonis Seitelmann / Finance

Manager: Harry Gizas / Chief Accountant:

Theofilos Nikolaou / Accountant: Vasia

Filippopoulou / Visitor Experience

Coordinator: Niovi Polichronidou / Visitor

Experience Team: Zenia Agkistrioti, Konstantinos Iakovou, Konstantinos

Psichopedis, Emmanuil Chazakis /

Safety Team: Andronikos Pandis, Dimitris

Stamatopoulos, Nikos Kampanis, Spyros

Triantafyllakis, Anastasia Sampani, Christina Pretzia

Booklet Print Management: Ellastration

Legal Services: SAPlegal - A.S. Papadimitriou & Partners Law Firm / Insurance Consultant:

SKARPAS SA, Insurance Services / Insurance Company: ALLIANZ HELLAS S.A