Studio Air 2014

D S

E T

S U

I G D I A I

F I N A L P R E S E N T A T I O N

N O R

S I T E C O N T E X T

D E S I G N C O N C E P T I D E A B I O M I M I C R Y

a growing cell muliplying and creating one entity

O F G R O W T H A D A P T A T I O N

A N D C O P E N H A G E N

growing knowlage of a carbon neutral area

C O P E N H A G E N l o o k i n g t o w a r d s a c a r b o n n e u t r a l f u t u r e In order to satisfy the LAGI brief, as a group we sought to create an installation that was relevant to the site. We conducted extensive research on Copenhagen’s people, climate, current environmental issues as well as producing energy for Copenhagen through the installation of solar film within our sculptural design.

P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N T H E

T O W E R S

In a rapidly advancing environment, we are faced with a problem of how to be efficient. Our project successfully takes the idea of efficient energy saving looking towards a carbon neutral environment. In addressing this issue, the panels were created on the most efficient areas of the model at the most appropriate angles.

Sitting flat or at 90 degrees is almost useless so our design allows for the thin ‘Power Film’ solar film to be placed on the open faces of the steel structure. The strips of film come on a roll however can be custom made to suit a particular structure such as ours. Furthermore, our steel structure is 250mm thick prefabricated steel colourbond panels which will be joined on site with Limcon Angle Cleat connections for structural integrity.

M A T E R I A L S

D I M E N S I O N S 250mm thick galvanised steel Prefabricated Panels

200mm thick above 20m tall B i g g e s t : 2 4 . 8 x 1 5 . 7 3 x 1 6 . 9 1 m ( 1 3 1 . 4 4 m 2) Smallest: 4.88x4.28x3.72m ( 7 . 6 5 m 2)) Colourbond finish Evening Haze Expansion joints

Along ridges Limcon Angle Cleats Power Film

O r g a n i c P h o t o v o l t a i c F i l m Customised

0.3 wide x 730m long

P R O T O T Y P E TESTING:

UHU vs PVA Tab Sizes Colour of Colourbond 300 vs 200 GSM card Size of holes Positioning of holes T a p e r i n g o f s t r u c t u r e s f o r stability and live wind loads

S H A D O W T R I A L S

Sun path of C o p e n h a g e n utilised in order to place towers dependant upon shaddows

EXPERIMENTATION WITH POSISITIONING DUE TO SHADOW OVERLAP

S T R U C T U R E YOSHIMURA PATTERN

We researched structural efficient ways of combining form with function and found that the Yoshimura pattern utilises interesting folds that were both structural and aesthetic. This concept ties back to the idea of efficiency explicit in biomimic systems and how design can adopt form and function equally and simultaneously.

Patterning that is visible in highly complex biomimic systems was adopted through the use of the Yoshimura diagonal diamond pattern to create an extremely effocoent structure that also has necessary surface area for solar skin sheets to produce energy.

Our structural system and design aesthetic are integrated to form one

C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L I M A G E

O N E

Prefabricated Galvanised Steel Panel Power Film

Organic Photovoltaic

Film Customised I M A G E

T W O

Underside of Prefabricated Steel Panel Power Film O r g a n i c P h o t o v o l t a i c

customised film

Transparent conductor

P-I-N device

Back metal contact Limcon Angle Cleats

I M A G E

T H R E E

Limcon Angle Cleats Welding of prefabricated panels

O N E

T W O

T H R E E

E N E R G Y S O L A R

F I L M

PowerFilm is the first and the only company now that use roll-to-roll manufacturing process to fabricate flexible solar panels. These panels consist of several layers: transparent conductor, P-I-N device, back metal contact, and polymer substrate.

The polyimide substrate used for the panel makes panels flexible, lightweight, and as thin as 0.025 mm.

The Collectors are welded to the steel forms and all link to an underground grid which is then connected to the main grid of Copenhagen

SURFACE AREA & ENERGY OF PANELS IN TOWERS

946.55m2

2743.78m2

Tower 5

Tower 10

1076.62m2

Other towers

TOTAL AMOUNT OF POWER PRODUCED BY TEN TOWERS PER ANNUM = 14,093,488 kwh / yr = 1300 standard residential houses / yr (assuming each household uses 10,837 kwh / yr) TOWER FIVE (the largest tower) can power 258 standard homes

258

=

E N E R G Y

E F F I C I E N C Y 700

O F

S O L A R F I L M P A N E L S EFFICIENCY VS. NUMBER OF PANELS

600

120 100

500

80

400 60 300 40

200

20

100 0

0 Version 1 Version 2 Solar Panels collecting energy

Version 3 Total Solar Panels

Efficency

The following graph tests our three various solar panel arrangements to the right

V E R S I O N

O N E

V E R S I O N

T W O

V E R S I O N

T H R E E

S E L E C T E D

E N E R G Y

A N A L Y S I S O F

S O L A R

F I L M

P A N E L S

LARGEST VS. SMALLEST PANEL 0

20

40

60

ENERGY PRODUCED IN 10,000 KWH

80

HOMES SUPPLIED

100

120

AREA COVERED

The following graph analyses our smallest and largest solar film panels through calculating the:

Energy Produced by our proposal

Homes supplied by our proposal

Area covered by our proposal

140

L A R G E S T

S M A L L E S T

P A N E L

P A N E L

E N E R G Y A R E A O F

1200 1200 1000 1000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 0

S O L A R

TOWER 1 TOWER 1

F I L M

TOWER 2 TOWER 2

E N E R G Y B Y 4000000 4000000 3000000 3000000 2000000

S O L A R

F I L

P A N E L S

TOWER 3 TOWER 3

AREAOF OFPANELS PANEL AREA

TOWER 4 TOWER 4

TOWER 5 TOWER 5 AR ARE

P R O D U C PRODUCE E D ENERGY PRODUCE M P A N EENERGY L S

2000000 1000000 1000000 0

0 TOWER 1

TOWER 1

TOWER 2

TOWER 2

TOWER 3

TOWER 3

TOWER 4

TOWER 4

TOWER 5

TOWER 5PR ENERGY

ENERGY PRO

LS INTOWERS TOWERS S IN

REA EA

TOWER 6 TOWER 6

TOWER 7 TOWER 7

TOWER 8 TOWER 8

TOWER 9 TOWER 9

TOWER 10 TOWER 10

ED IN TOWERS ED IN TOWERS

TOWER 6

TOWER 7

TOWER 8

TOWER 9

TOWER 6 RODUCED

TOWER 7

TOWER 8

TOWER 9

ODUCED

TOWER 10

TOWER 10

P L A N 1 : 5 0 0

A T

A 1

S O U T H 1 : 5 0 0

A T

A 1

E L E V A T I O N

S E C T I O N 1 : 5 0 0

B A L U S T R A D E

S Y S T E M

1.4m galvanised black railing for safety reasons

W E B F O R G E S Y S T E M F O R P L A T F O R M openings close to platform coverd in mesh for safety reasons

B O R E D

P I L E

S Y S T E M

Depth of the piles dependant upon the geotechnical report under the Engineers approval

L I G H T H O U S E E X P E R I E N T I A L

Q U A L I T I E S

P R O J E C T

S A M

2 0 1 4

S T E P H A N I E A N T O N O P O U L O S M A T K O M A T K O V I C A N N A J I A N G