A Cidade ao NĂvel dos Olhos
90 Co-authors w Elijah Agevi w Mishkat Ahmed-Raja w Cecilia Andersson w Hans Appelboom w Emiel Arends w Frank van Beek w Frank Belderbos w Rogier van den Berg w Emily Berwyn w Willemijn de Boer w Nick Broad w Alessandra Cianchetta w Jose Chong w Mikael Colville-Andersen w Ciaran Cuffe w Richard Dobson w Vivian Doumpa w René Dutrieux w Paul Elleswijk w Gábor Everraert w Jos Gadet w Adriaan Geuze w Jan Gehl w Meredith Glaser w Arjan Gooijer w Peter Groenendaal w Sander van der Ham w Samar Héchaimé w Jeniffer Heemann w Mattijs van ’t Hoff w Paulo Horn Regal w Nel de Jager w Jeroen Jansen w Max Jeleniewski w Lotte Johansen Kaefer w Birgit Jürgenhake w Tanja Karg w Hans Karssenberg w Fred Kent w Berry Kessels w Joep Klabbers w Martin Knuijt w Lars Korn w Willem van Laar w Tine van Langelaar w Jeroen Laven w Willie Macrae w Kathy Madden w Camilla Meier w Thomas Melin w Norman Mintz w Eri Mitsostergiou w Thaddeus Muller w Peter Nieland w Renee Nycolaas w Kris Opbroek w Henk Ovink w Francisco Pailliè Pérez w Gerard Peet w Laura Petrella w Elizabeth Peyroux w Levente Polyák w Stefanie Raab w Solvejg Reigstad w Marlies Rohmer w Anna Robinson w Ben Ruse w Petra Rutten w Wies Sanders w Ton Schaap w Lai Shouhua w Filip Smits w Alexander Stahle w Stefan van der Spek w Jan van Teeffelen w Wouter Tooren w Marat Troina w Eric van Ulden w Gert Jan te Velde w Mark van de Velde w Tasmi Quazi w Klaas Waarheid w Robin von Weiler w Kees Went w Jouke van der Werf w Tony Wijntuin w John Worthington w Xu Yunfei w Arin van Zee w Kim Zweerink
JANE JACOBS: “WALK THE STREETS!”
1. What does the “Human Perspective” mean for public space?
1. THE HUMAN EYE - MOVEMENT
SEOUL 1. THE HONGDAE HUMAN EYE2009 - MOVEMENT
1. THE HUMAN EYE - MOVEMENT
SPUI AMSTERDAM
2. THE IDEAL SQUARE: 50M
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH – CIRCLES OF INTIMACY
APPLETON: PROSPECT REFUGE THEORY
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH – CIRCLES OF INTIMACY
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH
private
public Illustration: Asako Takahashi
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH
private
transition zone
public Illustration: Asako Takahashi
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH
private
transition zone
public Illustration: Asako Takahashi
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH
private
public
Illustration: Asako Takahashi
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH BETWEEN 1 AND 2 M
3. SIDEWALK WIDTH DIRECT ACCESS
4. THE CITY AT EAR LEVEL
4. THE CITY AT EAR LEVEL
5. PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOUR
THE POWER OF 10
1. Read the paper
2. Window shopping for books
3. Learn about upcoming events
5. Walk
4. Go inside!
10. Have a conversation 6. Sit and relax 7. Read someone else’s book
8. Take a break from a bike ride
9. Pet a dog
2. When are cities truly “sustainable�?
“Sustainability”?
True sustainability: • Soul, Identity, Ownership • Adaptable, Flexible and Mixed • Public Space as Backbone
Csikszentmihályi – Creativity / Flow
3. How can we share knowledge internationally? - An Open Source Project
International learning community Strategies for the City at Eye Level ü ü ü ü
90 co-authors, open source 35 cases internationally Criteria & 101 lessons for good plinths Methods for planning, users, property, management, revitalizing
Free download: www.thecityateyelevel.com
4. Who is responsible for the quality of public space?
Programme
Experience
Markets as Places
Pedestrian Flows
Placemaking, Activities
Wayfinding
SOFTWARE
Long term Strategy Streets as Places
HARDWARE ORGWARE
Plinths, Active Ground Floors
Costs & Benefits
Flexibility
The Hybrid Space Residential Plinths
Quick Wins Experiment
The Sound Scape
Place Management Street Coalitions
Reuse Vacant Spaces
private
public space
private
public realm
private
private
city at eye level street plinth
private
private
city at eye level street plinth
private
private
ANTWERP
Hybride zones BRUSSELS
Hybride zones
AMSTERDAM
Hybride zones
AMSTERDAM HYBRID ZONE
AMSTERDAM HYBRID ZONE
AMSTERDAM LEDGES
ROCINHA RIO DE JANEIRO SELF GOVERNED STREETS
MUMBAI EQUAL STREETS INITIATIVE
TOKYO MACHIYA MA = SPACE CHI = ROAD YA = SHOP
PORTO ALEGRE 4o DISTRITO
MEXICO CITY #GALERÍABALLINDAMM
BUDAPEST NYITVA FESZTIVAL
“The street plinth may be only 10% of a building, it determines 90% of the experience.�
WHY GOOD PLINTHS ARE NOT SELF-EVIDENT?
Developer: short term profit focus Cities“pavement focus Building owner:“single tenant focus” Users:“shut out street, blinds, fear” Architects:“building focus
Hybride zones
HOW WE CAN GET IT RIGHT
Developer: longer term value focus Cities“city at eye level focus Building owner:“multi tenant focus” Users:“connect with the street, hybrid zone” Architects:“street focus
SOFTWARE = USE Pedestrian Flows Quality of shops, cafes, culture Experience
HARDWARE = DESIGN Building Street Hybrid Zone
ORGWARE = COALITIONS Tools Portfolio Management Street / Place Coalitions
5. How can we create and maintain great places?
PLACE GAME PRAÇA FRANCISCO ALVES
William H. (Holly) Whyte The Organization Man,1956 The Exploding Metropolis, 1958 The Last Landscape, 1968 Plan for the City of New York, 1969 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980 § City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988 § § § § §
“If you design a community around cars… you get more cars.”
“If you design your community around people… you get more people.”
“One of the best things about water is the look and feel of it…It’s not right to put water before people and then keep them away from it.”
“Benches are artifacts, the purpose of which is to punctuate architectural photographs. They are not so good for sitting.”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Bryant Park
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
De Power of 10
886
4b
7
8
3
2 1
5b
10 9 4a 6a 13 11b 6b 5a 11a
14
15
12
Triangulation
Triangulation
Triangulation
PLACE GAME PRAÇA FRANCISCO ALVES
6. How can we start building a strategy for the whole city and for larger areas like inner cities and entire neighbourhoods?
Los Angeles “Great Streets Toolbox” Chicago “Complete Streets” Toronto “Pedestrian Strategy” Dublin “Your City Your Space, Public Realm Strategy” Paris “La Rue en Partage” Stockholm “Walkable City” Rotterdam “Plinth Strategy” UN Habitat “Streets as Places”
STOCKHOLM
STREET WORKSHOPS
“PLINTH STRATEGY IS MUCH MORE THAN JUST FILLING AN EMPTY SPACE. IT’S ABOUT DEVELOPING A STRATEGY THAT IS BASED ON CO-CREATION, FLEXIBILITY, CREATIVITY, PLACEMAKING, UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMY AND BASIC URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES.”
TOOLBOX - ANALYSING YOUR STREETS
SEOUL HONGDAE 2009
SEOUL HONGDAE 2011
INNER CITY STRATEGY
POSSIBLE STEPS FOR A CITY WIDE STRATEGY 1. NEW ANALYSES pedestrian flows, value development, street functions, network of places 2. BUILD THE NETWORKS users, residents, city experts, property owners, retail organisations, change makers 3. PRIORITIZE INTERVENTIONS short term – mid term – long term
ROTTERDAM PLINTH STRATEGY
ROTTERDAM PLINTH STRATEGY
ROTTERDAM PLINTH STRATEGY
6. What can we do when we creat new areas?
CRITERIA FOR GREAT ‘PLINTHS’: THREE LEVELS
Good buildings Good streets Good context
CRITERIA FOR GREAT ‘PLINTHS’: THREE LEVELS Level 1 - Good buildings: 1. Many units, 4-10 m unit width: variety functions and reasons to visit, vertical orientation, visual richness 2. Good hybrid zone, veranda feeling, rich material, not too much glass 3. Flexibility, plinth height > 4m, flexible land use plan
LONDON KING’S CROSS
CRITERIA FOR GREAT ‘PLINTHS’: THREE LEVELS Level 2 - Good streets: 1. Pleasure to walk in, balance car-pedestrians, comfort (wind, sun, sound, sitting), green, possibilities to sit, triangulation, great places 2. Wayfinding, clear building entrances, signage, clear beginning and end 3. Definition: height > half width, congruent street sides, tree canopy 4. Coalitions: street and place management
CRITERIA FOR GREAT ‘PLINTHS’: THREE LEVELS Level 3 - Good context: 1. Pedestrian flows, day and night, 5-20 passers-by per width meter per minute, density, fine grain 2. A good position in the urban fabric: history, pedestrian and cycling networks, connections to parks and plazas, meaningful functions 3. Cultural and/or economic capital in the surrounding neighbourhoods 4. Long term strategy and active partners who take responsibility
SYDNEY FINER GRAIN
7. How can we improve existing areas?
ZOHO ROTTERDAM: BEFORE
ZOHO ROTTERDAM: AFTER
LEVELS OF SCALE TO WORK ON THE CITY AT EYE LEVEL BUILDING STREET SQUARE, PLACE, PARK AREA CITY INTERNATIONALLY
– Yellow Building – Panepistimiou – Schouwburgplein – ZOHO – Stockholm – City at Eye Level, Future of Places
8. How can I stay involved? Open source learning community, learning internationally
Stay connected! - share your own best practices & new chapters (Facebook) - new partner cities, build strategies - organize interventions, workshops & ‘games’ - new partners, expand international network, translations - train the local experts, masterclasses (IHS)
THANK YOU! contact: hans.karssenberg@stipo.nl community, share own ideas, book and presentation: www.facebook.com/thecityateyelevel