Boletín Criminológico · Enero / Febrero 2013

(% -ย ' +"&"'(%ย " ( Instituto andaluz interuniversitario de Criminologรญa

Artรญculo 1/2013, enero-febrero (n.ยบ 141). VERSIร N DIGITAL

Extranjeros y espaรฑoles en prisiรณn: comparaciรณn de tipologรญas delictivas y factores de riesgo Karin Arbach-Lucioni1, Santiago Redondo1, Jay P. Singh2, y Antonio Andrรฉs-Pueyo1 (1 Grupo de Estudios Avanzados en Violencia, Universidad de Barcelona. 2 Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida) Resumen: Espaรฑa es uno de los paรญses europeos con mayor proporciรณn de extranjeros en sus prisiones. Este estudio compara diversas tipologรญas delictivas y distintos factores de riesgo, evaluados a partir del protocolo RisCanvi Screening, en una muestra de 5.999 internos en prisiรณn, agrupados segรบn ocho regiones geogrรกficas de procedencia. Se obtuvieron modelos predictivos para la delincuencia violenta en cada grupo analizado.

Una conclusiรณn importante de este estudio es que las intervenciones rehabilitadoras que se llevan a cabo con los internos en prisiรณn deberรญan contemplar la especificidad de los factores de riesgo asociados a la conducta criminal en cada grupo.

Palabras clave: extranjero, prisiรณn, factor de riesgo, tipologรญa delictiva Title: Foreigners and Spaniards in prison: Comparing crime typologies and risk factors.

Abstract: Spain is one of the European countries with a higher proportion of foreign nationals in prisons. This study compares crime typologies and risk factors in a sample of 5,999 offenders, grouped according to eight geographic regions of origin. Risk factors were assessed by means of the RisCanvi Screening, and predictive models were obtained for violent crimes in each group separately.

A relevant implication of this study is that rehabilitative interventions should consider the variations across groups of the risk factors associated with criminal behavior.

Keywords: foreigner, prison, risk factor, crime typology

Recepciรณn del original: 26 julio 2012 Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 12 diciembre 2012

Sumario: 1. Introducciรณn. 1.1. Los factores de riesgo en poblaciรณn penitenciaria nativa y extranjera. 1.2. El presente estudio. 2. Mรฉtodo. 2.1. Muestra.

2.2. Medidas. 2.3. Procedimiento y anรกlisis. 3. Resultados. 4. Discusiรณn.

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Directora: Deborah Garcรญa Magna. Coordinadora: Marta Fernรกndez Cabrera. Editado por la Secciรณn de Mรกlaga del IAIC Edificio Institutos de Investigaciรณn, Universidad de Mรกlaga. Campus de Teatinos, 29071- Mรกlaga www.boletincriminologico.uma.es Correo electrรณnico: boletincrimi@uma.es Tel: (+34) 95 213 23 25 Fax: (+34) 95 213 22 42 Dep. Legal: MA-857/1996 ISSN versiรณn impresa: 1137-2427 ISSN versiรณn electrรณnica: 2254-2043 Imprime: Grรกficas Mahave S.L.

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(% - ' +"&"'(% " ( Artículo 1/2013, enero-febrero (n.º 141)

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Tabla 1. Distribuciรณn de frecuencias de tipologรญas delictivas segรบn regiรณn geogrรกfica de procedencia Regiรณn

N

Salud pรบblica %

Propiedad %

Sexual %

Violento %

Otros %

Espaรฑa

3456

11,1

21,1

8,3

45,5

14,0

ร frica magrebรญ

954

26,3

13,3

7,7

43,9

8,8

Latinoamรฉrica

829

33,3

5,5

8,3

43,9

8,9

Europa oriental

292

11,3

33,2

4,8

41,4

9,2

ร frica subsahariana

218

58,3

4,6

4,6

20,2

12,4

Resto de Europa

141

33,3

5,8

5,8

42,8

12,3

Asia

77

31,2

10,4

9,1

37,7

11,7

Oriente medio/extremo

32

6,3

25,0

3,1

62,5

3,1

Tabla 2. Comparaciรณn de factores de riesgo socio-demogrรกficos entre los grupos de diferente procedencia geogrรกfica Regiรณn

Edad Media (dt)

Sin pareja %

Bajos recursos econรณmicos %

Falta de apoyo social %

Espaรฑa

40,7 (11,4)

82,6

20,6

13,6

ร frica magrebรญ

33,3 (8,7)

71,2

37,5

27,3

Latinoamรฉrica

35,9 (10,0)

71,4

26,7

18,7

Europa oriental

34,3 (8,4)

70,2

39,4

37,3

ร frica subsahariana

35,6 (7,5)

61,9

39,9

36,2

Resto de Europa

40,0 (11,4)

85,1

29,1

28,4

Asia

37,0 (8,3)

54,5

32,5

29,9

Oriente medio/extremo

33,8 (9,1)

81,3

56,3

65,5

PĂĄg. 4

(% -Â&#x2122;' +"&"'(%Â&#x17E; " ( ArtĂ­culo 1/2013, enero-febrero (n.Âş 141)

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Tabla 3. ComparaciĂłn de factores de riesgo criminales entre los grupos de diferente procedencia geogrĂĄfica RegiĂłn

Inicio temprano en delito/violencia %

Historia de violencia %

Actitudes procriminales %

EspaĂąa

12

63,9

24,5

Ă frica magrebĂ­

9,5

56,2

21,5

LatinoamĂŠrica

4,9

54,5

19,2

Europa oriental

3,8

52,4

26,7

Ă frica subsahariana

1,4

26,6

16,1

Resto de Europa

6,4

53,9

20,6

Asia

1,3

50,6

22,1

Oriente medio/extremo

3,1

59,4

50

Tabla 4. ComparaciĂłn de factores de riesgo relacionados con la estancia en prisiĂłn entre los grupos de diferente procedencia geogrĂĄfica RegiĂłn

Desajuste en prisiĂłn %

Fallos en la supervisiĂłn %

Problemas drogas/alcohol %

Pobre rta. tratamiento %

Historia de autolesiones %

EspaĂąa

44

39,7

34,4

37,1

18,1

Ă frica magrebĂ­

50,2

24,8

22,7

26,1

10,9

LatinoamĂŠrica

35,2

21,7

19,3

24

4

Europa oriental

36,3

23,3

16,4

21,6

8,9

Ă frica subsahariana

32,1

14,2

11,9

13,8

2,3

Resto de Europa

42,6

22

20,6

30,5

14,2

Asia

28,6

16,9

7,8

27,3

1,3

Oriente medio/extremo

68,8

21,9

28,1

28,1

21,9

Tabla 5. Factores de riesgo de delitos violentos en internos de diferentes regiones geogrĂĄficas EspaĂąa

Ă frica magrebĂ­

LatinoamĂŠrica

Europa oriental

Ă frica subsahariana

Resto de Europa

Menor edad (.99)***

Sin pareja (1.44)*

Menor edad (.96)***

Desajuste en prisiĂłn Sin pareja (1.63)** (1.44)** Fallos en la Fallos en la supervisiĂłn (1.81)** supervisiĂłn (.66)** Problemas drogas/

Actitudes procriminales (2.40)**

Falta de soporte social (2.94)*

Menor edad (.95)*

Bajos recursos econĂłmicos (.74)*** Falta de apoyo social (1.34)***

alcohol (2.59)*** Actitudes procriminales (2.50)***

Actitudes procriminales (10.19)***

Desajuste en prisiĂłn (2.41)* Pobre rta. tratamiento (2.83)* Actitudes procriminales (7.00)**

Nota: Los valores en parĂŠntesis indican el OR obtenido en el anĂĄlisis de regresiĂłn logĂ­stica multivariante. Un OR < 1.00 y significativo indica una relaciĂłn inversa con la violencia. Los asteriscos indican el nivel de significancia del valor de Ă&#x; (* p< .05; ** < .01; *** < .001).

(% - ' +"&"'(% " ( Artículo 1/2013, enero-febrero (n.º 141)

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Esta investigaciรณn contรณ con la financiaciรณn del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciรณn de Espaรฑa (PSI2009-13265) y la colaboraciรณn del Departamento de Justicia de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Proyecto RisCanvi).

Contacto con los autores: karinarbach@ub.edu Cรณmo citar este artรญculo: ARBACH-LUCIONI, Karin, REDONDO, Santiago, SINGH, Jay P., ANDRร S-PUEYO, Antonio, โ Extranjeros y espaรฑoles en prisiรณn: comparaciรณn de tipologรญas delictivas y factores de riesgoโ , en Boletรญn Criminolรณgico, artรญculo 1/2013, enero-febrero (n.ยบ 141). Versiรณn electrรณnica disponible en http://www.boletincriminologico.uma.es/boletines/141.pdf [Fecha de consulta:]