Feb 1957 by StPetersYork

THE PETERITE Vol. XLIX

FEBRUARY, 1957

No. 344

EDITORIAL When the news leaked out in the course of the term (to be confirmed officially at the final assembly) that the Head Master had been granted leave of absence and would enjoy the first term of 1957 as a "Sabbatical" term, there was universal approval of the Governors' generosity and wisdom in initiating the idea. This is not the occasion for an appraisal of the great work that Mr. Dronfield has done for St. Peter's during his Headmastership, and we would merely remark that the term's rest (we almost wrote "enforced rest", since we suspect that Mr. Dronfield's first reaction to the proposal was only mildly enthusiastic) will come as a well-deserved reward for twenty years' selfless and unremitting devotion to the well-being of the School. Mr. Dronfield left York on the 20th January and, after a round of visits in the south of England, is to sail from Southampton on the "Capetown Castle", on 7th February, for South Africa. In the hope that he will be able to read these lines before he embarks we wish him "bon voyage" and an enjoyable and restful holiday. While we are confident that Mr. Burgess, who will be Acting Head Master for the term, will enjoy the wholehear ted co-operation of all—particularly of the other members of the Staff—in maintaining the high standard of efficiency in the administration of the School to which we have grown accustomed, we shall none the less welcome Mr. Dronfield's return in April. We hope that he will come back to us refreshed and reinvigorated to face the many years of service which he has yet to give to St. Peter's. * * * The gratifying "bag" of Open Scholarships in December comes as the hoped-for fulfilment of the promise made by the record number of State Scholarships gained in July last. The details of the awards are given elsewhere in our pages. We congratulate in particular C. W. Jose on his Open Scholarship in Classics at Worcester College, Oxford, and E. C. Sedman whose Major Scholarship in Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, set the seal on a quite remarkable level of achievement on the Science side of our VIth Form work. Mr. Robinson and his colleagues of the Science Staff deserve our gratitude. At the time of writing other results from our Open Scholarship entrants remain to come in, but in any event the year 1956-1957 must rank as the "annus mirabilis" of our Upper VIth work.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Editorial ... Ian Bytheway

The Appeal ... Items Open Scholarships

3 4 4

Old Peterite News Valete and Salvete

House Notes

13 15 15

The Chapel The Choir The Library

22 22 23

The Curia

24 24 26

School Officers

... Careers Talking Point for 1957 ... The Music Society The Debating Society ... The Science Society The British Ship Adoption Society ... The Film Society The Young Farmers' Club Dickensian Characters ... 1C.C.F. Notes Scouting Shooting Fencing Squash ... Chess Hockey Fixtures, 1957 Rugby Football, 1956 The Junior School

27 29 31 32 35 36 38 40 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 57

IAN COTTERELL BYTHEWAY It is with great sorrow that we have to record the death of Ian Cotterell Bytheway, resulting from a chance injury incurred on the Rugger field. The accident occurred on Saturday, 20th October, during a 2nd XV School match, and Ian died in hospital on the following Tuesday. Such occurrences are happily very rare indeed, and it came as a very great shock to us that one of our own boys should be the victim of this "millions to one chance". Ian Bytheway, whose two younger brothers are in the School, came to us in September, 1950, and after spending two years in St. Olave's, entered the Senior School in 1952. His classroom progress was good, and after passing the General Certificate of Education in "0" level subjects, began a VIth form course designed to reach "A" level in Mathematics and Physics in 1957. He was aiming at entry to Cranwell, and had already been successful in winning a Flying Scholarship and gaining his pilot's "A" licence during the Summer Vacation. Ian took a full part in both House and School games. He played Rugger for his House, and for the School 2nd XV, and also rowed for Queen's in their victorious House Boat in 1956. Among his many other activities he made models of various kinds, and his coracle, made of improvised materials costing 4d. in all, was shown by him in a television programme. In short, Ian Bytheway was pre-eminently the type of all-round boy we always hope to produce. He was taken from us by this cruel turn of fate just as he was coming up to the top in his manysided School life, and was indeed already a power and an influence in both House and School. He possessed a keen sense of humour, a proper confidence combined with great determination, and above all a most pleasing personality which would have taken him far. His contemporaries will long remember him, and mourn his passing. J.D. The Housemaster and boys of Queen's wish to record their grateful appreciation of the gift of a Colours Book which Mr. and Mrs. Bytheway have made to the House in memory of their son. Handsomely bound in brown leather by the York craftsman, Mr. Laurence Town, and bearing on the covers the crest of the School and Ian's monogram, this book forms a most fitting memorial which, the donors may be sure, will always be treasured. Ian's signature has been transferred to the new book and it is hoped that all other Old Colours will take the opportunity of re-signing in the new book when next they visit the School. 2

THE APPEAL FOURTH LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS (to 15th Jo/wiry, 1957) Summary Totals Single Subscriptions. s. d.

Carried forward from previous lists Old Peterites Parents Proceeds of Dance, 10/1/57

80 6 42 0 230 15

0 0 3 1

£4,332 18

353

Covenant Subscriptions. ...

Carried forward from previous lists

s. d. £ 17,228 11 8

Gross Yield.

Net Annual Payments. 8

s. d. 3,979 17 2

s. d. 4 4

£17,328 11

£21,661 10

100

TOTAL Single Donations and Seven-Year Covenants (at present rate of

Single Donations O.P. f £ s. d. 5 5 0 *Beckett, Rev. R. R. 1 0 0 *French, Mrs. ... 5 0 0 *Harris, Mr. P. L. ... 1 1 0 'ilton, Mr. C. ... ... 5 0 0 'King, Mr. C. D. *Marshall, Mr. E. R. ... 10 0 0 *Montague, Major A. V. 10 10 0 5 5 0 'Newton, Mr. F. S. ... 5 0 0 ... 'Norris, M. G. C.

Parent * £ 5 *Sedman, Mr. R. P. ... ... 5 'Stanfield, Mr. L. 5 *Strike, Mr. W. J. B. ... 'Turner, Dr. A. H. (£4 per ... 56 month) to date 3 'White, 2/Lieut. D. A. £122

s. d. 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0

0 0

Covenant Subscriptions O.P. t

tPenniston, Mr. P.

Annual Cash Payments.

Gross Yield at present rate of tax.

£ s. d. 8 4 4

s. d. 100 0 0

£8 4 4

£100 0 0

DANCE IN AID OF THE APPEAL FUND A Dance in aid of the Fund, held on 10th January, showed the very satisfactory profit of £230 15s. 3d. Great credit is due to Mrs. Dronfield and Mr. D. K. Crews, and his many willing helpers, who worked so hard and enthusiastically to make the occasion the great success it was. 3

ITEMS We congratulate Mr. J. F. Lavender on his appointment as Head Master of the Royal Wanstead School, Essex. Mr. Lavender takes up his new duties in May and so will be still with us during the coming term. * * * Mr. A. R. Dodds captained the Yorkshire Hockey XI in three County matches played in the course of the Christmas Term.

BIRTH HALL.—On 7th January, 1957, to Anne (nee Bagshaw), wife of R. C. T. Hall—a son. HART.—On 26th January, to Clare (nee Lethbridge), wife of A. D. Hart—a son.

OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS We congratulate the following on their signal success :Open Scholarship in Classics at Worcester College, Oxford. Major Scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, E. C. Sedman in Natural Science. D. T. Sparham - Major Scholarship at Christ's College, Cambridge, in Natural Science. Minor Scholarship at Christ's College, Cambridge, J. R. Peverley in Natural Science. C. W. Jose

OTHER EXAMINATION SUCCESSES J. G. Clarke has been awarded a Royal Naval Scholarship at Dartmouth. N. D. Taylor has been awarded a Cadetship at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell.

OLD PETERITE NEWS EXTRAORDINARY MEETING OF THE O.P. CLUB An extraordinary General Meeting of the Old Peterite Club was held at the School on the 13th October, 1956. There were present the President (Mr. H. L. Creer), the Head Master and 68 members. The purpose of the meeting was to consider the future organisation and activities of the Club and in particular to re-form the General Committee so that it would be numerically stronger and representative of both the various regions and age groups. After a healthy discussion it was decided to amend Rule III (b) so that in future the Committee will consist of the Officers, i.e., the President, Past Presidents, Vice-Presidents, the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Treasurer, and Secretaries of Districts, together with 18 others to be elected at the General Meeting, six of whom shall retire annually by rotation and shall be eligible for immediate re-election.

Mr. K. H. Rhodes, who had expressed a desire to be relieved of his duties as Hon. Secretary which he had assiduously filled with devotion to the affairs of the Club, and the view having been expressed that the office should be occupied by a member from outside the School, it was decided that Mr. T. J. Lewis should be appointed Hon. Secretary until the next Annual General Meeting. A cordial vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. K. H. Rhodes for his efficient and untiring efforts on behalf of the Club during the past seven years. Regional Secretaries were appointed as follows :London Mr. R. H. Metcalfe. —

West Riding—Messrs. G. D. Smith and M. Hallas (Joint). North Western—Mr. W. D. Blackburn. North Eastern—Dr. Hugh Brown. York and District—Mr. E. Rawson-Lax.

The additional 18 members elected until the next Annual General Meeting are :The Rev. N. G. L. R. McDermid. Mr. W. P. Anelay. Mr. J. N. Blenkin. Dr. M. T. Clegg. Mr. A. A. Collins. Mr. E. A. K. Dennison. Mr. C. Frank. Dr. G. E. L. Graham. Mr. J. A. Hanson. Mr. W. G. Huntley.

The Rev. R. T. V. McDermid. Mr. J. B. Mortimer. Mr. F. N. Newdick. Mr. F. Pacey. Mr. K. H. Rhodes. Mr. D. T. Rumfitt. Mr. C. S. Shepherd. Mr. P. M. Steele.

It was arranged that the first meeting of the new Committee should be held at the School on Saturday, 15th December, following the Rugger match against the School. A number of miscellaneous matters as to social activities, regional dinners, the holding of the Annual General Meeting during Commemoration, and the School Appeal were discussed.

GENERAL COMMITTEE MEETING A meeting of the General Committee of the Old Peterite Club was held at the School on Saturday, 15th December, 1956. The Head Master (Chairman), the President of the Club, the Hon. Secretary and 20 members of the Committee attended. It was decided that the Annual General Meeting of the Club in future should be held at 6-30 p.m. on the Saturday of Commemoration to be followed by the Annual Dinner at the School at 8 p.m., and that the Dress would be Uniform or Lounge Suits. The Careers Master is to be invited to inform Old Peterites through the medium of "The Peterite" as to the careers upon which he would like talks to be afforded by Old Peterites at the School, after which a suitable panel will be formed from volunteers. It will be recommended to the next Annual General Meeting that Mr. K. H. Rhodes should be elected a Vice-President in recognition of his services to the Club. 5

A proposal that an additional O.P. business tie should be designed was rejected, but it was agreed that enquiries should be made regarding the manufacture of a special blazer button displaying the School coat-of-arms. It was also agreed that a supply of blank menu cards with the School coat-of-arms printed thereon should be obtained for use at Regional Dinners. The purchase of a suitable chalice for the Chapel Altar and also 20 blue jerseys for the use of the O.P. Rugger and Hockey teams was authorised. The next meeting of the Committee will be held at the School at 5 p.m. on Saturday, 9th March, following the O.P. v. The School Hockey match. Old Peterites are invited to submit to the Hon. Secretary (T. J. Lewis, "Chebula", Clifton Road, Runcorn, Cheshire) any item which they would like to be considered by the Committee not later than 23rd February.

O.P. DINNERS

The London Dinner. The London O.P. Dinner was held at Brown's Hotel on Wednesday, 7th November. H. L. Creer, the President, was in the Chair. He proposed the toast of "The School", which was responded to by the Head Master. Mr. S. M. Toyne proposed "The Club", and the reply was given by T. J. Lewis. The following were present :Rev. J. A. Easten. B. R. Alderson. L. H. J. Archer.

P. T. Baker. V. M. Black. J. Camm. G. R. Claybourn. W. H. Colley. A. Cooper. H. L. Creer. J. Dronfield (Head Master). G. P. Easten.

J. D. Eccles. P. Garbett. J. Griffiths. J. A. Hanson. C. Hilton. C. K. Hudson. M. F. Hudson. A. N. Johnson. T. J. Lewis. C. L. Metcalfe. R. H. Metcalfe.

E. C. D'O'Lees. C. J. Pattison. G. E. Pearson. M. Pick. E. M. Reed. M. Ruddock. C. E. Scholefield. W. S. Samuels. C. Shadwell. F. C. Slegg. S. M. Toyne. L. J. L. Wall.

The West Riding Old Peterite Dinner. The third West Riding Old Peterite Dinner was held at the Three Nuns Hotel, Mirfield, on Thursday, 1st November. The Head Master was present and the Chair was taken by Denis Lyth. There were 26 present :J. M. Raylor. M. Hallas'. J. N. Bamforth. S. H. Beetham. W. D. Blackburn. E. G. Brown. M. A. Butterworth. F. B. Crowther. R. G. Crowther. C. Frank. J. Gillgrass.

F. B. S. Hamby. J. 0. Hewitt. E. J. Hillyard. T. J. Lewis. D. Lyth. P. S. Lumby. F. N. Newdick. P. Penniston.

A. B. Sellers. G. D. Smith. C. M. Ward. J. D. Ward. J. S. Wood. B. W. Woodcock. The Head Master.

Manchester Dinner. The next Manchester Dinner will be held at the New Millgate Hotel (adjacent to Victoria Station) on Friday, the 1st March, at 7-15 for 8-0 p.m. Dress will be informal. All interested should apply to W. D. Blackburn, 153 Barlow Moor Road, West Didsbury, Manchester, 20.

NEW YEAR'S HONOURS LIST We congratulate F. W. B. Pacey (1921-27) on his award of the O.B.E. in the New Year's Honours List. Pacey, who is a Solicitor and has been a prominent figure in Stockton-on-Tees for many years, has been President of Stockton Conservative Association for the past 11 years, and has served on the Northern Area Committee of the Conservative Party since 1945. He has also been Treasurer of Stockton Moral Welfare Association for the last 12 years. Since 1940 he has been Deputy Coroner for Stockton. He was President of the Durham and North Yorkshire Law Society in 1950. On leaving St. Peter's Pacey proceeded to Keble College, Oxford. We congratulate D. G. Ogilvie (Clifton Rise, 1920-24) on his appointment as managing director of Hawthorn Leslie (Engineers) Ltd., Newcastle, and as the director of two allied firms. After leaving St. Peter's Ogilvie combined an engineering course at Newcastle with an apprenticeship at St. Peter's Works (he remarks that St. Peter must be his patron saint). Ogilvie, and his family before him, have been connected with the firm since 1870.

"THE SECRET WAR, 1939 45" by GERALD PAWLE -

We congratulate Gerald Pawle (1927-31) on the excellent reception by the Press of his book, published by Harrap towards the close of the year. Pawle went on the Staff of the "Yorkshire Post" on leaving St. Peter's and after the War joined Kemsley Newspapers. In 1939 he joined the Navy as an Ordinary Seaman and ultimately became Flag Lieutenant-Commander to the C.-in-C. Mediterranean, Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Cunningham. His war-time experiences with the Inspectorate of Anti-Aircraft Weapons and Devices (the "Wheezers and Dodgers") have given him the material for this enthralling and amusing book, which we strongly recommend to Peterites. Reviewers have been entirely favourable and we hope that "The Secret War" will meet with the success it deserves. We print below (with permission) a sober appraisal from the book critic of the "Spectator". "Gerald Pawle's canvas is broad and he writes at length. Many of the inventions he describes will be news to most readers since they have until now been shrouded in secrecy. So perhaps will be his 7

account of the distinguished part played by Nevil Shute, the novelist, in the Wizard War. Some of the devices described rival Heath Robinson in conception. One such was the 'Great Panjandrum' which consisted of two enormous steel wheels, each ten feet in diameter, connected by an axle filled with high explosive. This was to be launched against the enemy shore from a landing craft, and would be driven at a speed of sixty miles per hour by means of rockets fitted to the circumference of each wheel. Like some vast Catherine wheel it would thunder up the beach until exploding with devastating effect against the enemy's concrete defences. Whether the `Great Panjandrum' qualified to be a Wheeze of a Dodge is hard to say, but it is easy to understand how Sir Charles Goodeve's brilliant team sometimes found it hard to sell their ideas to the more conservative-minded members of the Admiralty."

CAREERS A Note by the School Careers Master I have been asked by the O.P. Club to provide a list of careers about which we should welcome talks from old Peterites who feel that they have something interesting to say about their work. It is very difficult to decide precise limits to this list but most valuable would be talks on professional careers. Business and industrial concerns are only too willing to provide speakers who are generally excellent at presenting the cases of the companies they represent. Of course there is much less organised advertisement in the professions and I would suggest that the following careers would make a very useful nucleus in forming a panel of O.P. speakers who could be drawn on as required. Accountancy (possibly a panel of speakers dealing with the consultant accountant, the cost accountant, the works accountant, etc.); Actuarial work; Architecture; Auctioneering, Estate Agency and Land Agency; Broadcasting; Drama; Hotel work; Insurance; the Law (possibly two speakers, one a solicitor and one a barrister); Librarianship; Medicine; Police; Prison services; Retail trade; Social work; and Town and Country Planning. This list cannot, of course, be exhaustive, and I should welcome further suggestions from O.P.s who feel that their careers would be of interest to boys still at school. The information required generally falls under three main headings : 1. Qualifications, academic and otherwise; 2. Prospects— here the emphasis should be on the position which an entrant could reasonably hope to reach rather than on the money offered. The latter carries much less weight nowadays, because it is realised that, in general, posts offering some measure of responsibility are usually adequately paid; 3. Description of training and the work eventually done. This is what boys most want to know and therefore this section ought to form the bulk of the talk, and if it can be illustrated by the experiences of the speaker so much the better. 8

Finally I should once again like to appeal to all O.P.s who have access to careers literature to send a copy for inclusion in the School Careers Room. There must be many who are in such a position, but in the ai years that the Careers Room has been in existence only two pamphlets have been supplied by Old Peterites. Offers to join the panel of careers speakers and offers of careers literature should be addressed to the 'Careers Master at the School. K. G. 'COULTHARD.

OBITUARY BRIGADIER EDGAR PATRICK SEWELL, C.B.E. We record with deep regret the death, on 8th January, 1957, of Brigadier E. P. Sewell at River Cottage, Amwell, Herts. He leaves a widow, Betty (nee Toyne), and three children, to whom we tender our sincerest sympathy. E. P. Sewell was at St. Peter's from 1918 until 1923, in Clifton Grove House. He very soon made a name for himself at Rugger and in the O.T.C., and ended up as Captain of Rugger and C.S.M. and Head of the Grove. On leaving school he went into the Army through Sandhurst, where he gained the Sword of Honour, and served in the Northamptonshire Regiment and the South Wales Borderers. He represented the Army at Rugger and gained an English trial. After service in Hong Kong before the War, he returned and served in the War with distinction, being mentioned in Despatches five times. He was awarded the C.B.E. in 1943. After the War he was attached to the staff of N.A.T.O. and was at the War Office. For the last few years he had held the post of Brigadier in charge of Administration in Singapore. He married Betty, the daughter of Mr. S. M. Toyne, then Head Master, the wedding taking place in the School Chapel.

DEATHS WHITBY.—On 3rd May, 1956, Herbert Bateson Whitby, aged 84. [St. Peter's, 1883-92.] BUCHER.—On 22nd September, 1956, at Edinburgh, in her 80th year, Sarah Beatrice Newell, wife of Frank G. Bucher. CRAWSHAW.—On 26th September, 1956, at Ramsgate Hospital, Robin, beloved husband of Eva Crawshaw, formerly of Selwyn House, Broadstairs, in his 90th year. GOFTON.—On 13th January, 1957, the Rev. John Ernest Gofton, M.A. (Oxon), of Chesters, Great Chesterford, Essex, the darling husband of Georgina. R.I.P.

BIRTHS BRINDLEY.—On 20th December, 1956, to Joyce, wife of Peter C. Brindleya third son, Michael Edward. [1940-45.] DICKENSON.—On 21st September, 1956, at the Louise Margaret Hospital, Aldershot, to Adele (nee Stedman), wife of Major John M. Dickenson, K.O.Y.L.I.—a daughter. [1932-37.]

ENGAGEMENTS EASTWOOD—WELBOURN. The engagement is announced between C. Rex Eastwood, only son of Mr. and Mrs. C. H. A. Eastwood, and Bernadette (Bridie) Welbourn, niece of Mr. and Mrs. F. Peckitt. [1945-52.] HAXBY—BRINDLE. Mr. and Mrs. W. Brindle, of Chestnuts, Bishopthorpe, have pleasure in announcing the engagement of their younger daughter, Kathryn Frances, to David Alan, elder son of Mr. and Mrs. E. Haxby, 60 Gale Lane, Acomb. [1944-53.] JACKSON—FLETCHER. The engagement is announced between John Francis Norman, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Norman Jackson, of "The Huttons", Belle Vue Drive, Sunderland, and Gay, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Fletcher, of 174 Hastings Street, Sunderland. [1945-49.] O'DONNELL—JONES. The engagement is announced between Sub-Lieut. John Guy Hilary O'Donnell, R.N., younger son of Lt.-Col. and Mrs. J. W. O'Donnell, of Guisborough Road, Whitby, and Shirley Angharad Jacqueline, younger daughter of Mr. I. I. Janes and the late Mrs. Jones, of King's Norton, Birmingham. STOREY—KIRBY. The engagement is announced between Samuel Harry, son of Mr. E. Storey and the late Mrs. Storey, of Balboa, Canal Zone, and Habana, Cuba, and Valerie, elder daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. V. Kirby, of Lane End, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. [1946-52.]

THE CAMBRIDGE LETTER KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. December. Dear Sir, We were most concerned to hear of Bytheway's tragic death and send our heartfelt commiserations to his parents and friends. The academical year began with the announcement of the engagements of J. B. Claydon (King's) and S. H. Storey (Emmanuel). We offer our congratulations to them both. Claydon has been this summer in Canada working with an engineering company and was so taken with the life that he intends to emigrate there at the end of this year. The other third year men have less glamorous prospects ahead. J. T. Ankers (Emmanuel) intends to teach, C. J. Griffiths (Peterhouse) goes to a London hospital, and J. C. Oldroyd (King's) has his National Service to do. Our seven freshmen are D. M. Walker (Downing), J. N. T. Howat, D. G. Barton, W. R. Ibberson, J. C. M. Herring (all at Emmanuel), D. K. Timms (Trinity Hall), and B. M. Nendick (Pembroke). Nendick finds time to sing in the College choir and run in the cross-country team, but Barton prefers judo and table tennis when relaxing from his medical work. Timms, not unnaturally, has joined the University Air Squadron. Ibberson, Walker and Howat have gone to the river for their sport. Herring has gone to earth; he plays chess by statistical analysis, now. There remains G. B. Pullan, 0. C. Wetherell, J. B. Weightman in St. Catharine's, H. P. G. Shaw, C. K. Smith, S. H. Storey in 10

Emmanuel, and M. J. Quarmby in Downing. Wetherall has hooked on occasions for the College XV, whilst Pullan has captained the second team ("The Kittens"). Unfortunately, they were relegated ! Weightman has his wife and daughter with him in a small flat. Baby sitters are welcome at any time. Smith is generally seen at social gatherings, Shaw plays (and talks) bridge. Some of us have felt from time to time that not enough is known of our way of life and of the Colleges in the sixth form. For instance, which sixth former knows that King's has recently gained a reputation for Natural Science, or that most of one's work is done without any supervision or coercion? Any one of us would be pleased to answer any queries personally addressed to us by the boys regarding choice of subject (economics may be "read", for example, without any previous knowledge), choice of college, etc. The Cambridge Old Peterite Dinner will be held in the Audit Room in King's on Wednesday, 20th February. Any old Cambridge man will be welcome. Please write to one of the King's men aforementioned. Yours sincerely, THE CAMBRIDGE OLD PETERITES. The Editor, "The Peterite", St. Peter's School, York.

THE OXFORD LETTER WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD. 20th January, 1957.

To the Editor of "The Peterite". Dear Sir, And yet another Oxford academic year. Again the crop of a thousand bicycles and trunks spills out of the trains on to the platforms at Oxford station, and again their owners, in twos and threes, in newly acquired gowns and scarves thread their hesitant ways through the streets and quadrangles to make the acquaintance of their tutors. Michaelmas Term came round once more. If you were able to assume for a moment the complete detachment of one of the Roman Emperors looking down from his stone pedestal on these people passing in the Broad, you would see clearly that the writer who maintained that love is the commodity or revelation (depending on whether you live in Hollywood or not) which makes the world go round, ought to have included hope somewhere in the song as well. And it ought to get much more than a mere mention, for surely one of the most distinctive qualities common to all young people is that of living on hope—albeit more material than spiritual—still, this feeling is there and it seems to be revealed abundantly in the faces of "the newcomers" in their first term at the schools and universities. For these are new worlds of a most 11

particular kind, and even the youngest initiate realises, however vaguely, that here is a place where reputations are made or broken. In these, the most critical of all kinds of society, he cannot "go away and make a fresh start elsewhere". There is no time : there is also nowhere else to go. York and Oxford appear to share traffic problems of comparable dimensions. Here most people are heartily sick of the whole business. In the last two years there has been little hint of compromise in the University attitude. It is significant now that the diehards, having recovered from the initial shock of the Minister's new road, seem to be concerned more with the effect on traders of emasculating the High by closing Magdalen Bridge than with the desecration of Christ Church Meadow. We await the new Vice-Chancellor and Cabinet. One of the most interesting events this term has been the reopening of the Playhouse with the British premiere of Giraudoux's "Electra". Those who know of this theatre's long history of financial troubles, punctuated at intervals by threats of closing down for good, will remember the way in which each rumour was received. Each time, a polite flutter of consternation, quickly damped by the very English belief that everything will turn out all right in the end. The last time this happened, however, the Playhouse really did close, and it was only a remarkable amount of enterprise and effort which made the reopening possible. Now it is certain that if the productions and choice of plays continue to be as excellent as "Electra" and its successors, there will be no more talk of repertory theatre disappearing from Oxford. On the other hand, memories of what musical events there have been this term are dimmed by the rumour of a visit next term by Casals, though whether or not the master could be prevailed upon to play in public is another matter. Those of us who came up a little before term began were treated to a rare sight : nearly two hundred head masters, withdrawn from their natural environment, concentrated in Wadham for the Head Masters' Conference. Contrary to expectations their arrival reminded one not so much of the entry of the Gladiators than of a collection of friendly old lions with their paws bound up. The Head was sought after, in particular to enquire about Mr. Rhodes' progress after his recent illness, but could not be found. We sincerely hope that by now Mr. Rhodes is once more fit and well. We were sorry also to learn that Canon Patteson has left the School for a new appointment in the East Riding, but hope he is finding it a pleasant and happy one. The news of the Head's impending holiday in South Africa has made us wonder whether the subconscious will prompt him to commence writing a volume of Memoirs of a Public School Head Master whilst he is out there : indeed, "Nought for your Comfort" seems as apt a title as one could wish for. 12

As for ourselves, there is but little to relate, good or bad, that has not been dwelt upon at sufficient length in some of our earlier (sic) letters. We have one new member, to date unwept, unhonoured and unsung. For some of us this term has been the scene of Panic Number One before the Judgment Days in June, nevertheless we can all say truthfully that our various pursuits give us a great deal of happiness. Breves esse laboranus, obscuri fuimus. Wishing the School the very best of luck next term, We remain, Yours sincerely,

THE OXFORD O.P.s. HISTORY OF ST. PETER'S SCHOOL, YORK Past and present members of the School are reminded that copies of the above History by Angelo Raine are available on application to the Bursar. Price 7/6, post free.

VALETE AND SALVETE VALETE (December, 1956) THE GROVE J. F. Miers. 1952-56 (St. Olave's, 1948). Transitus E. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1956. Secretary of the Natural History Society. Cdt. in R.A.F. Section. Cert. "A", Part I. 2nd Class Shot. THE MANOR D. G. Metcalf. 1951-56 (St. Olave's, 1946). School Monitor. Head of the Manor. Upper VI Modern. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1953; "A" Level, 1955. East Riding County Major Scholarship, 1956. P.L. in Senior Scouts, 1955. Acting A.S.M., 1956. S. M. Badham. 1952-56 (St. Olave's, 1950). Lower VI Science. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1955. Chapel Committee, 1956. Choir, 1951-56. Music Society Committee. Choral Society Secretary. Natural History Society Committee. School Play, 1953-54-55. Ldg. Seaman in R.N. Section. Cert. "A", Part I. P.O. Exam. R.N. Store's Rating. Efficiency Badge. 1st Class Shot. C. I. Chadwick. 1953-56. Trans. Science. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1956. Colts XV, 1954-55. Colours, 1955. Colts XI, 1955. Colours, 1955. 2nd XI, 1956. Army Storeman. Cert. "A", Parts I and II. Marksman. E. M. Smith. 1953-56. Transitus D. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1956. Junior Colts, 1954. A.B., R.N. Section. Cert. "A", Part I. A.B. Examination. 1st Class Shot. TEMPLE B. W. H. Carter. Temple, 1951-53; Queen's, 1953-56. U.VI. House Monitor. State Scholarship in Classics and North Riding County Major Scholarship,

1956. G.C.E., "A" Level, 1955. "0" Level, 1953. Chess Team, 1951-52-5354-55-56. Captain of Chess, 1954-55-56. Debating Society Committee, 1954-55-56. Secretary, 1955-56. Member of Curia. Cpl. 2 i/c Recruit Section in C.C.F. Proficiency. Cert. "A", Part I. 1st Class Shot.

E. C. Sedman. 1951-56 , (St. Olave's, 1949). House Monitor. Upper VI

Science. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1953; "A" Level, 1955. York City Major Scholarship and State Scholarship, 1956. Major Open Scholarship in Natural Sciences to Trinity College, Cambridge, 1956. Library Monitor. Member of Curia. Science Society Committee. Debating Society Committee. Film Society House Representative. Chess Team, 1951-56. 3rd XV, 1956. Flt. Sgt. i/c R.A.F. Section of C.C.F. Cert. "A", Part I. Proficiency (with credit), 1954. Advanced Proficiency (with credit), 1955.

N. D. Taylor. 1952-56 (St. Olave's, 1950). House Monitor. Upper VI Modern. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1954; "A" Level, 1956. Music Society Committee. Colts XV, 1954. 2nd XV, 1955-56. 5th IV, 1956. Cpl., R.A.F. Section. Cert. "A", Part I. Proficiency. Efficiency Badge. Marksman.

SALVETE (September, 1956) THE GROVE Alexander, U. A. (L.Sh.A), Black, A. G. (U.Sh.A), Bramley, M. R. (IV cc ), Brown, T. P. (U.Sh.A), Dobson, L. P. (U.Sh.A), Foster, A. J. D. (L.Sh.A), Grainger, M. M. (L.Sh.A), Henwood, C. (IV cc ), Pick, T. J. (U.Sh.A), Territt, C. J. (L.Sh.A), Territt, M. W. (Sh.B), Thornton, N. P. (L.Sh.A). THE MANOR Ainley, J. G. (Sh.B), Armstrong, R. G. (L.Sh.A), Bywater, R. L. (IVA), Carr, R. G. (U.Sh.A), Dale, G. H (Sh.B), Larg, D. A. (U.Sh.A), McCallum, M. (IV cc ), Macartney, M. J. (IVA), Normington, P. S. (IVB), Patchett, D. M. (Sh.B), Platts, J. D. A. (L.Sh.A), Read, P. M. (IV cc ), Ridley, D. S. H. (Sh.B), Sykes, P. H. (L.Sh.A), Watson, M. H. (U.Sh.A), Wood, R. A. B. (U.Sh.A), Wright, J. G. (L.Sh.A). QUEEN'S Anfield, J. R. (U.Sh.A), Barney, M. J. (L.Sh.A), Beckett, J. W. (Sh.B), Burton, S. P. (L.Sh.A), Giddings, T. E. (Sh.B), Hardman, A. (L.Sh.A), Johnson, P. (Sh.B), Lacy, J. C. (U.Sh.A), Pickard, M. (IV cc ), Reiss, S. H. (U.Sh.A), Spencer, C. P. f(IVA), Stuttard, P. (IVA), White, E. (U.Sh.A). THE RISE Adcock, M. G. H. (Sh.B), Baldwin, J. A. (L.Sh.A), Fawcett, T. P. N. (IV cc ), Fulbrook, E. D. W. (U.Sh.A), Kirkus, I. (IV cc ), Mann, G. (IVA), Marsay, C. J. (IVA), Pattinson, J. M. (U.Sh.A), Poynor, M. J. (IVA), Robson, A. C. (IVA), Wilson, D. J. (IV cc ). SCHOOL HOUSE Alderson, G. W. A. R. (IVA), Collins, P. (IVB), Naisby, I. A. (L.Sh.A), Potts, W. E. (IV cc ), Priestley, R. (U.Sh.A), Puttock, R. P. V. (L.Sh.A), Rhodes, D. H. (L.Sh.A), Robinson, G. P. (L.Sh.A), Saunders, J. G. (L.Ss.A), Williams, J. F. (U.Sh.A). TEMPLE Bramworth, A. P. (Sh.B), Brining, A. S. (L.Sh.A), Brisby, J. C. (U.Sh.A), Brown, C. L. (U.Sh.A), Fearnside, F. H. (L.Sh.A), Gildener, G. (IV cc ), Harrison, S. N. (U.Sh.A), Headlam, A. M. (IV cc ), Humpherson, P. G. (L.Sh.A), Plummer, D. J. (IV cc ), Walsh, D. W. (L.Sh.A), Wilson, A. F. (Sh.B).

SCHOOL OFFICERS Christmas Term, 1956 HEAD OF SCHOOL : D. PFLUGER SCHOOL MONITORS :

Head of The Grove: D. PFLUGER Head of The Manor: D. G. METCALF Head of Queen's House: P. J. NETHERWOOD Head of The Rise: D. J. OLDMAN Head of School House: F. A. L. KIRBY Head of Temple: M. WELSH Chapel Monitor: D. KIRBY

T. G. STEPHENSON C. W. JOSE HOUSE MONITORS : The Grove: P. L. BELLWOOD, G. V. PLESTER, H. W. H. UNWIN. The Manor: D. N. BROCKLEBANK, M. L. BYWATER, C. B. M.

GREGORY, J. R. PEVERLEY, M. B. WILSON, C. J. WOOLLEY. Queen's House: B. W. H. CARTER, T. CHILMAN, C. R. CLOUGH,

P. A. CRANE, D. R. HOLT. The Rise: D. B. IRVIN, G. F. B. MITCHELL, W. N. RICHARDS, A. C.

STUBBS, M. G. SYKES. School House: R. BAXTER, B. C. R. BUTLER, A. G. HALL, T. J.

ROBBINS-JONES, D. ROBINSON. Temple: K. GOSLING, P. A. MORRIS, E. C. SEDMAN, D. T. SPARHAM,

A. 0. SUTCLIFFE, N. D. TAYLOR. GAMES CAPTAINS Captain of Rugger: M. WELSH Captain of Shooting: J. R. MAXWELL Captain of Squash: D. KIRBY Captain of Fencing: P. A. MORRIS Captain of Chess: B. W. H. CARTER EDITORS OF "THE PETERITE" : D. PFLUGER, D. J. OLDMAN, C. R. CLOUGH. :

HOUSE NOTES THE GROVE Once again we are able to report that we have had a successful term. First we extend a hearty welcome to Mr. B. H. Holbeche, our new Assistant Housemaster, and we offer him our very good wishes for a prosperous term of office. Mr. Holbeche we feel sure will be a great asset and inspiration to the House, and also, we hope, an accurate accountant. We have also a new member of the House domestic team in Mrs. Richardson, our Matron, whom we hope will be very happy with us. The House has expanded somewhat this term, and this has necessitated the removal of selected boys to our Annexe in St. Peter's 15

Grove. Our fourteen new boys have wasted no time settling down, and have already shown prowess on the Rugger field and in the form room. Many of the "old lags" have departed, and to them we wish the very best of luck ! The Grove has acquitted itself well again in sport this term. D. Kirby was appointed Vice-Captain of Rugger, and he and T. G. Stephenson are to be congratulated on the award of their 1st XV caps. D. Pfluger, J. J. F. Knapton, and P. B. Burbidge received 1st XV colours, and J. R. Maxwell captained the 2nd XV to complete victory during the season. He was aided by R. M. Wheeler (colours), G. V. Plester, and H. W. H. Unwin, also W. House occasionally. The House team again came up to expectations, and after some tactical positional changes, defeated Queen's, Manor, and later the Rise in a thrilling and hard final. We record that G. V. Plester was awarded his House colours for his efforts, legal or otherwise. The Junior team, though defeated, by no means disgraced themselves, and it is to their credit that they could rely upon the services of only a single School team member. Members of the House again have taken an active part in the School Societies, the Debating Society in particular has a staunch Grove following. The Science Society still flourishes in the House. The highlight of the term, however, was the House competitions arranged by the Seniors. Once again Mr. Harding demonstrated some of his skills outside the Gym. and the Rugger field. The monitorial body of the House decreased this term to six, three School Monitors, and three House Monitors, Plester, Unwin, and Bellwood having been promoted.

THE MANOR Manorites returning this term were confronted with several changes. Perhaps the most striking of these was the addition of the new annexe at No. 2 St. Peter's Grove, recently acquired by the School. This building we share with several refugees from the Grove. Another change was the advent of Mr. Hart, who replaces Mr. Bennett as Assistant Housemaster, and of Mr. Craine, who looks after No. 2. We also welcome Mrs. Smith, who has taken up the duties of Matron in No. 2. We hope that they will enjoy their association with the House. Another change, a pleasant surprise for the monitors, was the end of stoking duties, which had been their scantilyappreciated "privilege" since the House was re-founded. Two "fully automatic" boilers have been installed. We welcome, this term, a more numerous influx of Juniors than ever before—sixteen of them, including several with names already familiar in the Manor. There are now, in consequence, two Junior common rooms—the first and original, and the former large Senior study on the top floor. The Senior Middle and Senior common rooms are in No. 2, which has also two Junior dormitories and offices.

In the sphere of sport, we have been well represented in all departments this term. Brocklebank, Bywater, M. L., McCallum, A., and Wilson all played for the 1st XV, each being awarded colours; likewise Ridley, I. N., in the 2nd XV. Chadwick, Lennox, and Woolley played for the 3rd XV. In the Senior Colts XV, the Manor contingent consisted of Clark, Botterill, Gibson, and Montague. Armstrong, J. O., also waved a flag. May, A., and McCallum, M., were in the final Junior Colts XV. Hewitt also played. Manor marksmen were Lennox, Lowley, and Peverley in the 1st VIII, while Parkin, F. N., shot in the 2nd VIII. We understand that Purse travelled with the School fencing team to Leeds, but, at the eleventh hour, forsook his blade for a pencil and scorecard. The House Rugger competitions resulted in no noticeable increase in silverware on the Manor shelf, although both teams acquitted themselves creditably. The Senior team did not come up to expectations, and could only hold the Grove, the eventual winners, to 14-3 in a disappointing game in the semi-finals. For their efforts in this game and their past contributions to the House, Montague and McCallum, A., received House colours. In the Junior division, our team did well to overcome Queen's and the Grove in the quarter- and semi-finals respectively, but fell at the last fence when they lost 1O--3 to a strong School House team in the final. Junior House colours were awarded to Botterill, Gibson, May, A., Rudd, and Pacitto on the merit of their performances in these three games. Our share in School Societies and the Choir is no doubt mentioned elsewhere, but we have been well represented in all. An interesting and colourful new personality to emerge from No. 2 is "Fiery Fred", the top floor cistern, who for a time periodically provided a squad of our underworked Juniors with an excuse to set to with mops and pails to right the consequences of his unabated fury. The locking up of the House at night has also taken on added complications, several victims having already been locked out of their respective sides of the House. Finally, we bid farewell to Metcalf, our Head of House, and to Badham, Chadwick, and Smith. We wish them every success in their future careers.

QUEEN'S The term was overshadowed by an event which had a profound effect upon the House and, indeed, upon the whole School. We refer to the tragic death of Ian Bytheway, a most popular and enthusiastic member of the House, who died after an accident in the '2nd XV match against Bradford G.S. We offer our condolences to all his family and friends. 17

On our return to School we were most pleased to find that we had acquired what is undoubtedly the most important, though perhaps not the most popular cup in the School, namely the Work Cup. In connection with this success we note that B. W. H. Carter obtained a State Scholarship in Classics and M. T. Carter a York City Major Scholarship—also in Classics. As usual, we have our aspirants for University Scholarships. Netherwood deserted us for Cambridge in the last week of term and Carter will be visiting Oxford in January. We hope to record further academic successes in the next issue. House rugger appeared to be in the doldrums, both teams losing in the 1st round. Barton and Mitchell were awarded their Junior House colours. Hopper was our sole representative in the 1st XV and Netherwood graced the 2nd XV with his presence (as did Slade for one match). Crowther captained the Senior Colts and received his colours, and Slade assisted the forwards. Smith apparently did not like the Junior Colts; he made one appearance and was never seen again. Bygate and Swain were ever-presents in the 3rd XV, and Crane's soccer technique earned him a place in the first match. We were better represented in the minor sports. Netherwood and Hopper earned themselves places in the squash team, Burton fenced occasionally, and Carter, Jesper, and Elliott assisted the chess team. In the C.C.F. Netherwood has fulfilled the duties of C.S.M. most ably, assisted, no doubt, by the enthusiasm of S/F/S/Sgt. Clough. The first week of term saw the election of Clough, by various means, to the secretaryship of the Debating and Science Societies. The Queen's Antiquities Society, under the leadership of Barton, Beresford, Fairclough, and Wightman, continues to flourish and a Junior Debating Society, formed by Bytheway and Hawkins, has held several meetings. All that remains, then, is to mention the fact that Holt is a leading figure in the Scouts and that Carter received his House colours for services rendered. We speed him on his way to the outside world with the appropriate good wishes.

THE RISE Many Risites returned this term with academic successes. Oldman and Jose won State Scholarships and many from the Senior part of the House passed in all their advanced level subjects. Nevertheless, the Work Cup remained in the hands of the day-boys. Chapman became the Head of House and Jose was made a School Monitor. Sykes, Stubbs, Irvin, Richards, and at a later date Mitchell, were 18

made House Monitors and are especially to be congratulated in view of the fierce competition provided by the large number of secondyear Seniors remaining. We welcomed Mr. Dodds as our new Assistant Housemaster and he has been given a room of his own in a sheltered backwater of the House. It is a great tribute to his enthusiasm for the House that he has been prepared to stay in the open and to join the social set that debate around the cocoa-urn after House prayers. He has also proved an excellent sick-nurse. The Rise has provided a healthy proportion of the School rugger teams, the more senior of which had a most successful season. Stubbs played regularly throughout the season for the 1st XV. The allvictorious 2nd XV seemed to be predominantly from the Rise. Anderson, Baldwin, Mitchell, Oldman, Richards, and Wroe were all members of the official team, and in addition Oldman and Mitchell gained their colours. Irvin also made a few appearances. Hancock and Cook led the exclusive 3rd XV, in which Trollope also played, to an almost unbeaten season, and Howard and Matthews gained their Colts colours. We also provided the Captain and Vice-Captain of the Junior Colts in Gale and Ranson. Bagnall and Gale formed a most effective partnership at half-back. The Senior House team, ably led by Stubbs, has been the most lively and spirited for years. We demolished Temple and School House in the prelimiary rounds and fought a tremendous battle with the Grove in the final. Cohesion and speed in the Rise pack entirely nullified their opponents superior weight, and it was only some excellent kicking by Kirby that eventually beat us 8-0. The Junior House team were unfortunately beaten by School House after a very close match. Oldman, Richards, and Anderson gained their House colours and Gale and Ranson their Junior colours. We are pleased to see many members of the House taking part in School activities. Many Seniors have found their way on to many committees, and the Debating Society has had support from several of our Juniors. The Railway Club is flourishing and we hope that it will continue to do so rather than undergo its usual Summer Term decease. In the next room a ukelele, a trombone, and a trumpet seem to be taking the place of Spink's "noise machines" which left last term. The House Library has been renovated and enlarged by Irvin, who has put in a great deal of work on it. Squash, fencing, and the Goon Show have remained as popular as ever. In closing we wish Jose and Irvin every success in their University Scholarship examinations. 19

SCHOOL HOUSE We congratulate F. A. L. Kirby on his appointment as Head of House and also R. Baxter, B. C. R. Butler and D. Robinson on their appointments as House Monitors. We welcome Mr. Ockenden as Assistant Housemaster and Mr. Montgomery, who is only staying for one year at the School, as deputy Assistant Housemaster. The Juniors, we trust, have settled down and become accustomed to their new way of living. Turning to the all-important subject of work, we notice that many members of the House did extremely well in their examinations at the end of last term and amongst those that deserve mention perhaps are : F. A. L. Kirby, P. B. Clayton, D. Robinson, D. A. Wilson, and K. H. Taylor, who passed in all the subjects they took. With so few taking "A" level examinations it was hardly likely that we should win the Work Cup, despite the good lead given by the Junior part of the House, but, at least, we can still hope for better results in the future. With such an outstanding Junior portion of the House we managed to win the Junior House Rugger, beating the Manor in the final 10-3. The Senior House team put up a very creditable performance, losing 3-9 to the Rise in the semi-final. The success of the Junior House team was largely due to the work put in by T. J. Robbins-Jones as Captain of House Rugger. As a result of the Junior XV's victory, R. W. Peacock, M. J. Bond, A. W. Raylor, S. D. Baker, P. M. Beachell, D. H. Fletcher, and C. W. A. Groundwater were awarded their Junior House colours, and we also congratulate A. G. Hall, R. Baxter, B. C. R. Butler, and L. T. Beaumont on the award of their Senior House colours. We were admirably represented in all the School teams, and perhaps the most outstanding feature was that we had no less than seven members of the Junior Colts scrum. Perhaps the greatest achievement was that B. C. R. Butler switched from full-back to 1st XV hooker with great success. After a period of injury D. G. Macpherson returned to the 1st XV and gained his colours along with L. T. Beaumont. R. Baxter was an "also played" but helped the 2nd XV with F. A. L. Kirby and D. Robinson to have an unbeaten season which was suitably "celebrated". The School shooting VIIIs have been ably supported by R. Baxter, B. C. R. Butler, and M. G. A. Garbutt, who have all shot for the 1st VIII, and J. K. Hick also shot for the 2nd VIII. Mr. Ockenden, our new Assistant Housemaster, has taken over the House Proms. which have been enthusiastically supported. Finally, a word should be put in these notes to thank most heartily Mr. Gregory and his wife for inviting those members of the House who wished to attend to their wedding and reception at the end of last term. It was extremely pleasant and very much appreciated by all who went. 20

TEMPLE When we returned this term, we found that Mr. Rhodes had recovered from his unfortunate illness, and was once more in the seat of judgment ready to use the strong right arm of justice. Before we go any further, we would like to congratulate Sedman and Sparham on their State Scholarships. Somehow or other, Sparham got more than a hundred per cent on one of his papers. Perhaps the examiner could not count. These two hopefuls and one other are going up to Cambridge for University Open Scholarships this term. But perhaps it would be better to draw a veil over work at this point. This year there has been an influx of twelve Juniors from St. Olave's. We welcome them with open arms, brushes, mops, etc. Our cup shelf has only the dust upon it, and rugger has failed to improve this state of affairs. The Senior House match against the Rise was lost by sheer bad luck, the opposition scoring the few times they gained our line. In the Junior match luck again and the School House pack were against us, and we lost by the narrow margin of 29 points to O. It is, however, spirit that counts in the long run, and we have a vast reserve in the vaults below. We cannot always be successful, and, after all, we have the Captain of School Rugger, the Touch Judge of the 2nd XV, and one or two others in the hit and run business, including Sparham, who, in spite of the misfortune of a knee injury, was awarded his 1st XV colours. The thrilling sight of table tennis played amongst flying wooden blocks can no longer be seen, for the common room floor has been restored. A competition has, however, been organised by a communal effort, and seems successful. The same goes for the squash competition. About mid-term we were beset with bureaucrats, who turned out to be quite human on acquaintance, though they chose Tuesday, the worst day of the week, to inspect our home, changing rooms, common room, seniors' "earths", and monitors' "lairs". It has been noticeable that there has been a crop of injured knees, wrists, and arms amongst the senior members of the House. It has been said that these are merely to gain sympathy. The injured know they will not get any at School. N. D. Taylor leaves us at Christmas. Who knows what awaits him in the big, wide world. Will it be the R.A.F.? Will it be wealth, marriage, or fame? We cannot tell. In the words of a popular song, "What will be, will be". Come what may, our best wishes for the future go with him. 21

THE CHAPEL In the Christmas Term three services stood out : the Sung Communion on All Saints' Day, the special service on Remembrance Sunday morning, and the Festival of Lessons and Carols on the last Sunday afternoon. Needless to say the Choir sang beautifully in the Carol Service and it was clear that the readers had taken a great deal of trouble to prepare the lessons. The Head Master preached on the first Sunday of term and on Bible Sunday. The Reverend R. C. Pickard preached on 21st October, the Reverend P. J. Lamb on 4th November, and the Dean of York on 25th November. We are most grateful to them for coming. Confirmation Classes began towards the end of October, with more than sixty candidates. We hope to welcome the Archbishop of York for the Confirmation Service on 14th March. Early in the term some members of the Sixth Forms attended a most interesting conference on the Bible. It had been arranged by the Student Christian Movement in Schools at Nunthorpe Grammar School. Since then St. Peter's has become associated to S.C.M. in Schools and we hope that we shall have many more opportunities of joining in their activities. N.K.-W.

THE CHOIR As is usual at the beginning of the Christmas Term there were many gaps in the Choir's ranks. However, volunteers readily came forward and five basses, three tenors, and innumerable trebles joined the Choir, which was soon transformed by Mr. Waine from a collection of individuals into a united team. The following music was sung during the term :Anthems: 0 come, Ye servants of the Lord—Christopher Tye. Thou visited the earth—Greene. Lord, for thy tender mercies' sake—Farrant. Give us the wings of faith—Bullock. What are these that glow from afar?—Allan Grey, O.P. Praise thou the Lord—Statham. Rejoice in the Lord alway—Purcell. Services: Jubilate in B flat—Stanford (arranged Larg). Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis in B flat—Stanford (arr. Larg).

In retrospect three events stood out this term. On 7th October the Choir, at the invitation of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society, again led the singing of a vast congregation at the annual Yorkshire Harvest Thanksgiving. On 1 1 th November, Remembrance Sunday, in addition to a special service in the morning, a highly musical Evensong was sung; unfortunately most of the congregation did not 22

seem to share the Choir's enthusiasm for the seventy-three verses of Psalm 78; though, of course, the psalm had added interest for the Choir as they had to dash about between five different chants. During the last weeks of term all efforts have been concentrated on preparing for the Carol Service; the choice of music for this has largely been governed by the fact that the Minster Epiphany Service is only one day after the beginning of next Easter Term. However, this did not prevent the Carol Service being as successful an act of worship as ever. ,

At the end of term the Head Master thanked the Choir for all their efforts this term and assured us that we had successfully sung for our supper. E.W.T.

THE LIBRARY Over ninety books have been added to the Library this term, and about twenty British Council pamphlets on various English writers from Swift, Shaw, and the Brontë Sisters, to T. S. Eliot and George Orwell. They are written by well-known critics such as C. V. Wedgewood, John Middleton Murray, and Phyllis Bentley. They should prove extremely valuable to those studying English Literature. We have been trying to build up and modernise the Biology section of the Library this term, and we hope in the near future to improve the Physics and Chemistry sections, for inevitably more people in the School are continuing their scientific studies to an advanced level, and there is a growing demand for books on these subjects. We should like to thank all those who have presented books in the past term. They are as follows :— Cirkev v case rozhodavani (The Church in a time of decision), by Dr. Frantisck M. Hnick, presented by the author. Lectures on the French Revolution, by Lord Acton. Lectures on Modern History, by Lord Acton. The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, by Thomas Carlyle. An Introductory History of England (Volumes I, II, III), by Fletcher. Oliver Cromwell, by John Morley. England under the Normans and Angevins, by H. W. C. Davies. England under the Stuarts, by G. M. Trevelyan. England since Waterloo, by J. A. R. Marriot. England under the Tudors, by Arthur D. Innes. The American Commonwealth, by James Bryce. All presented by the Reverend Canon C. Patteson. Readings in Market Research, edited by Frederick Edwards, presented by John Rodgers (O.P.). The Marn'll Book, edited by Ernest Roscoe i(O.P.), presented by the editor.

T.M.

THE CURIA In spite of examinations, Guy Fawkes, and other handicaps, four meetings were held this term, all more or less successful. At the first meeting, the few remaining members of the Society elected P. A. Morris as Chairman and C. W. Jose as Secretary, and the membership was brought up to 16. The programme for the term was then considered, and a discussion was arranged for the second meeting. The subject was "Publicity". Members spoke at great length on Princess Margaret, Radio Luxembourg, and Mrs. Miller, and an effort to return to the original subject after much digression produced a lull in the argument. The Society, however, appeared to deplore the present methods of publicity. The third meeting took the form of a play-reading, the choice of play depending, not on its cultural value, but on the number of copies available. Thus, "A Cure for Love" by Walter Greenwood was chosen. The play proved too long for one evening, and the last act was left till the following Monday. This turned out to be 5th November and the play was perforce left unfinished. The last meeting was to hear a lecture given by Superintendent Scott of the York City Police. He gave us a most interesting, and at times amusing, account of the history of the Police Force and ended by testing our constabulary powers with a piece of dictation. Only Carter and the Secretary appeared fit to take the initials "P.C.". Refreshments were provided by the domestic staff with which to finish the meeting.

CAREERS During the Christmas holidays I attended another of the Careers Masters' Conventions arranged by the Public Schools Appointments Bureau. I intend to give only a brief impression of the concerns I visited and to say a little about the opportunities with each with the reminder that fuller details can be found in the Careers Room. The members of the Convention could not all visit all the sponsoring companies and my choice of visits was naturally coloured by personal inclinations, but I think that the following firms give quite a good cross-section of those offering business and industrial careers to public school boys, mainly in the eastern half of London. The first visit was to the British Bata Shoe Company in East Tilbury. This firm manufactures footwear on mass-production lines and sets out to provide cheap shoes which give good value for their price. They have a large export trade, exporting somewhere around half the shoes sent out of the U.K., while they now have a chain of over 300 retail shops in Britain. Much of their selling abroad is direct and again they have a large number of shops, especially in 24

Africa and the Far East. The company has a scholarship scheme and runs courses in conjunction with the National Colleges of Rubber and Leather Technology, giving a sound technical grounding in the industry. Minimum entry requirements are four "0" level subjects, including English Language and Mathematics, and, preferably Physics or Chemistry, though at least one "A" level subject is an advantage. Late the same evening we visited the "Daily Mail" and saw it "put to bed", a most impressive experience, especially when combined with Fleet Street hospitality ! Though the "Mail" is a paper which I do not consider worth reading, I was very impressed by the efficiency with which it is put together and it does seem, from its circulation, that it meets a certain need in a large number of lives. It was once again impressed on us that journalism is a difficult and insecure career (apparently no reporter can be regarded as a success until he has been "sacked" at least three times) and that the only way in is by a relentless attack on the editor of a local paper until he gives you a job for the sake of peace and quiet. That, anyway, is the "Daily Mail" view of journalism as a career. On the following day we visited Tate & Lyle, Ltd. This company produces at least 80% of the sugar and allied products of this country and, in addition, has a large export trade. They are recruiting both on the production and on the commercial sides. Science subjects at "A" level are preferable for the former and in general recruitment is mainly at the end of National Service. The company would, however, be prepared to employ boys who have at least six months in hand before National Service and who are thinking of entering the sugar industry. The second visit of the day was to Austins of East Ham, a much smaller company, wood-moulders and manufacturers of doors, window-frames, sectional wooden buildings, and wooden garages. This is still virtually a family business and numbers required are small. Boys entering should have at least attempted "A" level, but personality would play a large part in the choice of management trainees. On the third day we visited the P. & O. liner "Canton" in London docks. "P. & O." is the biggest passenger shipping line in Britain and trades mainly with East Africa, India, the Far East and Australia. There are excellent opportunities as cadets both on the engineering and on the navigation sides and this company is one of the first to give consideration to the possibility of recruiting ex-public school boys who have been in the Sixth Form, though this is not a reality as yet and entry is still between the ages of 16i and 18 after pre-sea training at one of the sea schools. From the "Canton" we went on to the headquarters of the G.P.O. There are excellent opportunities in the grades Telecommunications Traffic Superintendent and Assistant Engineer, both of which can be entered by obtaining five subjects in the G.C.E., including two maths. or science 25

subjects at "A" level. Those who cannot obtain the necessary "A" levels can enter by sitting competitive examinations arranged by the Civil Service Commissioners. Details of these examinations are published in the Careers Room from time to time. The hosts at the Annual Conference of the Public Schools Appointments Bureau were British Railways. It is perhaps unnecessary to stress in York the great value of a railway training, but it is perhaps necessary to emphasise that great opportunities exist for boys who enter the railway service now. The Development Plan will provide interesting and satisfying work for many years to come in all fields of engineering, and on the traffic and commercial sides. The afternoon session was devoted to Overseas Banking and it was pointed out, that despite increasing nationalism, there are still excellent opportunities of exciting careers abroad in British banks. Early this term details of the Easter holiday Short Works Courses should be available and I should like to take this opportunity of re-emphasising the great value of these courses, either to the boy who has no idea of what he is going to do or to the boy who cannot make up his mind about several possibilities. Finally I should like to mention the Public Schools Appointments Bureau Bulletin which is published twice each term. This contains much valuable and upto-date information on careers and gives details of current opportunities. A copy is placed in the Careers Room and one is available in each House. The Bulletin is well worth consulting, especially if you are nearing the end of your period at School. K.G.C.

TALKING POINT FOR 1957 Is it better to have a highly specialised taste for the complicated things of life or a wider appreciation of the simple and elemental? This is a question which frequently crops up in these days of conflicting ideas on education and philosophy, a question which must surely cause no little concern to any young person who wishes to lead a really full and appreciative life in this age of science. The response of the human mind to the primary media of beauty such as colour, harmony, line or texture is rapidly being conditioned and engulfed by the advance of science. It would seem that we have now reached a stage in our development where we cannot appreciate a work of art without first analysing and pigeon-holing it deciding, in fact, whether or not we ought to appreciate it. It is a sad fact, that many people are incapable of appreciating a work of art without careful consideration as to whether it conforms, harmonically, chromatically or socially, with the generally accepted prototype. :

Thus it appears that one result of scientific development is a growing tendency to divide and subdivide everything into categories. 26

When called upon to appreciate an artistic work, the modern mind first places the work into its correct category, and then proceeds to compare it with something in this category which has already been specified as a good example—an example of specialisation in the field of artistic appreciation. We seem to be losing the ability to appreciate anything simply in its own right. This may be due in no small way to the speed and urgency of the modern mode of life. A freer and wider approach to the cultures of our age should result in more open and responsive minds in the younger generation. Let us, therefore, learn to look discerningly upon the beautiful things around us, and to appreciate what we see, instead of always striving to find, in the lesser arts, those points which we already know and appreciate to the fullest extent. In this way, perhaps, we can live more full and more satisfying lives in a world where, all too often, individuality of taste is regarded as a sign of eccentricity. M. L. BYWATER.

THE MUSIC SOCIETY Although the Society held only one Saturday evening meeting its activities have been by no means restricted. The Choral Society has had a larger membership than for some time and has met weekly on Thursdays after morning school. It has rehearsed, according to an early colourful poster, "Messiah Part the One", but in fact some numbers from this part were omitted and somehow or other the Hallelujah Chorus was held to come into the category of Christmas Music. Friday lunch-hour recitals have continued with increased popularity. More scope has been given by including "live" recitals as well as programmes of gramophone records. These "live" recitals have proved very popular. At the first Mr. Waine put the new piano in Big Hall through its paces. At the second we were glad to welcome Mr. Walter Jorysz and his violin, while at the third B. Jones and R. W. Bentley gave an Organ Recital. Gramophone recitals were arranged by Badham, Brown, Hancock and Jenkinson The one Saturday evening meeting was well attended. A team of four picked by B. W. H. Carter challenged a team representing the Committee to "Spot the Tune". Each member of the teams was asked in turn to identify tunes from works contained in the School Record Library, and then to identify styles and periods. Mr. Hart was question-master and kept the game very much alive with his excellent patter. The Committee eventually won by 23i points to 13+. We thank Mr. Hart for his work as compere and also for the illuminating talk with which he wound up the evening on what he called the music of the spheres. So successful was the event that the winning team has challenged Bootham School Music Society to a similar contest next term. K.B. 27

RECITAL BY FREDERICK GRINKE At 6-30 p.m. on Friday, 23rd November, Frederick Grinke gave a violin recital in Big Hall. His violin was made in 1718 by Stradivari, who was one of the greatest violin makers in history. It is one of the comparatively few still in existence and is on permanent loan to Mr. Grinke from the Royal Academy of Music, of which he is a Fellow and Professor. Mr. Grinke began his recital with a Suite in A by Vivaldi. This is divided into five short movements, of which most were in quick tempo. He followed this with an extremely effective Adagio by Corelli. This was probably the piece that was most appreciated in the evening. Mr. Grinke lost none of the sentiment from this beautiful melody. It was the slow movement also of the Dvorak Sonatina which seemed to be the most appreciated part of what was otherwise a typical and straightforward work. The unaccompanied Sonatina by Gordon Jacob was less successful. It was undoubtedly difficult for most members of the audience to extract any meaning from this modern piece, written primarily to display the technique of the performer. Mr. Grinke delightfully interpreted the Paganini Caprice, a very light and tripping work, and brought out the richness of his violin's tone in the slow and expressive Nocturne by Lili Boulanger. The Lennox Berkeley Toccata came as a complete contrast : it was fast and almost robust. The last item in the recital was somewhat of a disappointment to an audience expecting a fine and simple melody. Sincere and emotional though it was, Smetana's 2nd piece "From my homeland" should have been put earlier in the programme. Although the music did not always suit the taste of the School, one cannot fail to appreciate Mr. Grinke's soft playing and his splendid technique. Mr. Waine accompanied on the piano. R.T.B.

CHRISTMAS CONCERT Few people who attended the concert realise the amount of work put in both by the performers and the organisers. At the beginning of the term it was decided that the Choral Society should sing the Christmas music from Messiah. At first sight this seemed rather a large responsibility with such a limited amount of time available, but the parts were soon learnt, and attendances at the practices were good. Practices gradually became more of a pleasure than the necessary evil they first appeared to be. From the point of view of the performers the actual performance of Messiah was satisfying. The standard of performance was not perfect by any means, and it was obvious that more rehearsal had been put into the more popular choruses such as "And the glory of the Lord" and "Hallelujah". But in all the choruses the performers 28

managed to convey some of their enthusiasm to the audience. And for the performers themselves it was a great experience to have sung such a great work. Special thanks must be given to our two soloists, Mrs. Kemp-Welch and Mr. Ockenden. We are fortunate in having singers of such talent in our midst and their presence at our concert lent distinction to the occasion. The second part of the concert was in less serious mood. The Choral Society sang a number of better-known carols. Every member put everything into his delivery ! The "Octet" gave us a very polished rendering of "Christmas is coming" and "Little David play on yo' harp", both of which were received very well by the audience. They are to be congratulated On an excellent performance. A special word is due to the Orchestra whose very strenuous work is so often overlooked. Some members of the audience probably little appreciated the work that had gone into the production of what was called on the programme "The Orchestral Interlude". This work, slight in itself, represented the result of a term's hard rehearsals on the part of the violinists, who performed here without outside help of any kind. We would, however, like to thank all the visiting instrumentalists who formed the majority of the Orchestra for Messiah and the Carols. Jones also deserves a word of congratulation for his confident handling of the continuo part on the piano. During the past year the Choral Society has been under the able secretaryship of S. M. Badham, to whom we can attribute a large part of the success of this and previous concerts. We extend to him our hearty thanks and send him our best wishes for the future. D.N.L.B.

THE DEBATING SOCIETY The first meeting was an open meeting, and the motion that "This House deplores British Policy in the Middle East", was topical. Mr. D. G. Cummin suggested three reasons for supporting the motion. The Government had encouraged the French to pursue a bad policy, and in so doing had shattered the bi-partisan spirit of British Politics, at the same time destroying much good-will with the U.S.A. P. A. Morris, opposing, appealed to any latent Tory instinct in the House. The respective seconders, M. B. Wilson and G. V. Plester, dealt with Cyprus, viewing the situation from different angles. There were several speeches from the floor, and after Mr. D. K. Crews had pointed out that the Government had no policy in the Middle East, the motion was carried by 79 votes to 16. "Civilisation is only skin deep" was the motion proposed by M. L. Bywater at the next meeting. Both Bywater and his seconder, T. M. Jenkinson, seemed deeply convinced, the one maintaining that with29

out our fathers' precepts we should be lost, while the other recounted the foul crimes that "civilised" man was capable of committing. B. W. H. Carter, opposing, said that we had an innate sense of civilisation. Civilisation, he said, was the broadening of men's minds and was enduring. C. W. Jose, seconding the Opposition, thought that the teddy boy was a sign of the strength of the civilisation against which he rebelled. The motion was carried by 98 votes to 17. At the third meeting D. Pfluger proposed that "the House regretted the influence of the U.S.A. on the modern world". America dominated the West as Russia dominated her satellites, and, he suggested, hindered civilisation by separating the East from the West. E. C. Sedman, seconding the Proposition, said, after making several self-deprecatory remarks, that U.S. atomic schemes were designed to enslave Britain. The Secretary, opposing the motion, suggested that America had had a good influence in every cultural sphere; he was supported by P. A. Crossley, who produced an astounding list of beneficial American inventions. The motion was carried by 42 votes to 18. The fourth meeting, being close to the fifth of November, a suitable motion was devised by the Committee. L. Burgess, Esq., proposed that "the House was proud of Guy Fawkes". He painted a glowing picture of the militant Fawkes, and suggested that he was a reformer before his time. F. J. Wiseman, Esq., opposing the motion, asked how, as Englishmen, the House could be proud of one who had fought with Spain five years after the Armada. R. L. Evans, seconding the Proposition, said that Fawkes had acted in the firm conviction of his Catholic faith. For the Opposition D. L. Brown said the gunpowder plot had delayed Catholic emancipation. Speaking from the floor, J. B. Robinson suggested that respect for an O.P. should be tempered by the knowledge that in Fawkes' time the School was Catholic in tone. The motion was carried by 49 votes to 16. The fifth meeting was an open meeting and the House debated the motion that "Communism should be outlawed". J. Chilman, proposing, asked the House if they could agree with a system that forced men to act against their wills, a system where God is not held supreme. D. Kirby, opposing the motion, thought that personal prejudice was not a substantive reason for outlawing a political ideal. F. A. L. Kirby, supporting the motion, quoted with some effect from "Animal Farm". M. G. Sykes, opposing, thought that to outlaw Communism a Police State would need to be instituted. After a number of speeches from the floor, the motion was lost by 87 votes to 17. The last meeting of the term is best described by its unofficial appellation "Debating Society Christmas Party". It opened with the trial of Friese-Greene (M. B. Wilson) for inventing the motion film and corrupting a nation. Counsel for the Prosecution (T. G. Stephenson) won his case. 30

A spelling bee "Arts v. Scientists" followed, the Arts winning. After three successful impromptu debates, the meeting closed with a panel game, "Talk Yourself Out of This". During the course of the term the Junior Society again met, and from reports received the Society will continue to receive a flow of forceful speakers. The Society continues not only to have full membership, but to have a waiting list, and this term, if not outstanding, has at least been up to average in the quality of the debates.

THE SCIENCE SOCIETY The first meeting of the term followed "tradition" and took the form of a film show, the subject matter ranging from geology to modern detergents. The most popular film was entitled "Ten Thousand Feet Deep", this dealt with oil drilling in swamp land. At the second meeting Mr. R. T. C. Hall gave a lecture on "Modern Telecommunications". After dismissing radio as a means of communication, its defect being the changes experienced in the reflecting ionosphere, the lecturer then considered cables which were responsible for 95% of world traffic. The drawbacks of cable are manifold; indeed a cable might be compared to an enormous resistance joined to an equally massive inductance, but much has been done to overcome this since the days of Edison. "Loaded cable", this is cable wrapped in nickel sheathing, had been one answer, but today co-axial cable was the solution. After explaining the mechanism of a teleprinter and receiver the lecturer demonstrated the working of one, and later allowed several members to operate it. Several members of the Society had been on short works courses during the Summer holidays, and at the third meeting three of them gave talks under the general heading "Scientific Applications in Industry". D. R. Proctor had seen the production of a wide range of electronic equipment at Pye. E. C. Sedman had been allowed to work in the metallurgical laboratories of English Electric. T. Chilman described his visit to the General Chemical Division of I.C.I., and showed a film prepared by I.C.I. called "Enterprise". School House provided the lecturers for the fourth meeting, and J. Hick began by describing the "dieselisation" of the railways. The use of diesel locomotives on the railways was a comparatively recent innovation, but now British Railways operated 3,000 h.p. main line engines, and 350 h.p. shunting engines. "The formation of the stars and the way in which they work" was the title of J. G. Slater's talk. A star was formed, he said, from the inter-stellar gas which comprised a galaxy. D. A. Wilson then lectured on "Radioactivity". After tracing the development of his subject from Pierre Curie to the opening of the first atomic pile in a squash court in Chicago, the 31

speaker went on to consider the biological effects of radiation. Radiation could break down the molecules of a substance and was therefore capable of breaking down the elemental components of life itself. Calder Hall, the new British power station, was the next topic. This station is very similar in design to an ordinary station, differing only in the provision of energy by nuclear fission. After explaining the atomic bomb the speaker demonstrated the effect of a radioactive source on a gold leaf electroscope, which is discharged by the ionised atmosphere. The Manor presented the last meeting of the term. S. M. Badharn gave a detailed account of the breeding of trout for stocking rivers, etc. He enumerated the various precautions necessary to ensure hygienic conditions. W. Gibson then talked on the breeding of tropical fish. Not only were such considerations as temperature and food essential, but in many cases the parent fish had to be checked from enjoying a cannibal diet. G. Parkin then described the way in which coal is won from the coal face. Modern machinery has done much for the mining industry, but still much organisation is required to combat the effects of falling roofs, etc. The meeting closed with W. E. Montague tracing the development of the motor car from 1870 to the present day. Upon being questioned he proved reluctant to predict the shape of things to come. Altogether it seems scarcely possible to imagine a wider series of lectures than the Society has enjoyed (and profited by) this term.

THE BRITISH SHIP ADOPTION SOCIETY The "Clan Stewart" sailed on Voyage 6 from Glasgow on Friday, 13th July (no superstitions in the Clan Line !) and arrived back in Hull on 4th December. Thus the voyage occupied the summer holidays and almost the whole of this term. The route and some statistical details are given below. The outward cargo to East African ports was the usual mixed collection of manufactured goods; there was no cargo from Dar-es-Salaam to Port Pixie; the homeward cargo from Australia consisted of lead, wool, pollard, and flour, chiefly. Some extracts from Capt. Graham's account of the voyage are also given below. On Wednesday, 5th December, a party from the School had the pleasure of visiting the ship in King George V Dock, Hull. We were most hospitably received by Capt. Graham and his officers, who showed us everything that we could want to see, and gave the impression that they were enjoying it as much as we were. Most of the boys managed, in wandering around the ship on their own, to penetrate to corners which are exciting to the landsman though humdrum to the seaman—the Indian crew's galley was a particular attraction. There was an excellent tea, and altogether the visit was 32

a great success, and we are grateful to the Company and to Capt. Graham for all the arrangements. We came away laden with East African native carvings, a model of an Arab dhow, and a model of the "Clan Stewart" in a bottle, made for us by the Chief Officer— a puzzling model, for it lacks the usual "strings" by which, one had supposed, the masts are erected. The "Clan Stewart" is certainly a very fine ship, and we came away most favourably impressed by her equipment and fittings. VOYAGE PARTICULARS. Sailed from Glasgow 13th July; arrived Birkenhead 14th July. Sailed from Birkenhead 26th July; arrived Port Said 4th August. Sailed from Port Said 4th August; arrived Aden 9th August. Sailed from Aden 10th August; arrived Mombasa 15th August. Sailed from Mombasa 25th August; arrived Tanga 25th August. Sailed from Tanga 28th August; arrived Zanzibar 28th August. Sailed from Zanzibar 29th August; arrived Dar-es-Salaam 29th August. Sailed from Dar-es-Salaam 8th September; arrived Port Pirie 23rd September. Sailed from Port Pirie 29th September; arrived Sydney 2nd October. Sailed from Sydney 7th October; arrived Melbourne 9th October. Sailed from Melbourne 23rd October; arrived Fremantle 28th October. Sailed from Fremantle 2nd November; arrived Capetown 14th November. Sailed from Capetown 15th November; arrived Dakar 24th November. Sailed from Dakar 24th November; arrived Dunkirk 1st December.

Total time on voyage-157 days, 10 hours, 19 minutes. Total time in port-86 days, 12 hours, 7 minutes. Total distance-26,877 miles. Voyage average speed-16.23 knots. PASSAGE THROUGH THE SUEZ CANAL. When we passed Gibraltar, the Canal crisis had just started, so we increased to full speed in order to arrive as soon as possible, as I did not know what might happen on Monday, 6th August, when Egypt was demanding all Canal dues to be paid to Egypt. We arrived off Port Said on 4th August, ahead of several ships, and had to anchor until the afternoon. Eventually we tied up in the harbour at 1318 hours. When our Canal pilot boarded us at 2300 hours, he told me he was the last of the available pilots, and that the ships which arrived after us would have to wait for another 24 hours before getting pilots. So, our increased speed was justified. While we were tied up in Port Said I noticed quite a number of young Egyptians being drilled with rifles, and various machine gun and anti-aircraft sites being made. Even along the Canal banks one could see the various gun sites. However, our passage through the Canal was without incident. When we were passing Port Tewfik, the Suez end of the Canal, our pilot left the ship and we were on our own. As we carry our own searchlight, it is not necessary for us to stop at Suez, so we got out of the Suez area as soon as possible. 33

PORT PIRIE.

From Dar-es-Salaam to Port Pixie we passed the northern tip of Madagascar and then headed down to pass within sight of the northern end of Mauritius. From there we made a direct course to a position south of Cape Leeuwin and then, after sighting Eclipse Island, headed for Neptune Island which is at the entrance of the Spencer Gulf. The weather on this part of the passage was reasonably good apart from the rolling which is always experienced. Being an empty ship, we did a lot of vibrating, and at times it was necessary to ease our speed down. We had to go at full speed to maintain our loading date. Arrived in Port Pixie on 23rd September, where we were to load 3,000 tons of lead. In Port Pixie the rule is first come, first served, so it is a case of trying to beat other ships bound for the same place. We were just beaten by another ship which was to load grain, so for the first day we were short of labour. Port Pixie is somewhat unattractive but outside there are many pleasant places to visit. Once outside the town the roads are the usual dirt with plenty of pot-holes. When motoring, the custom is to get ahead of the car in front, and let that car get the benefit of all the dust. Consequently there is a lot of speeding. Port Pixie is noted for its smelting works, which are the largest in South Australia and are part of the Broken Hill Company, which is, I believe, the largest in Australia. The railway station is in the main street, and the trains to Adelaide leave in the street. About a mile away is the station from which the trans-continental train to Perth leaves. FROM FREMANTLE TO DAKAR.

When we left Fremantle we were a full ship with the major part of the cargo wool. For the passage to Capetown I decided to keep to the north of St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands as the weather to the south is usually stormy and cold. The extra distance is compensated for by better weather which in turn means better speed. Although we did not have any rough weather, most of the days saw an overcast sky and plenty of rolling. We made the African coast just south of Cape Reciffe, which is the lighthouse for Port Elizabeth. As we crossed the Agulhas current we encountered very bad weather for several hours. The warm currents meeting the cold water plus the meeting of warm and cold air frequently cause these storms, and as one nears the 100 fathom bank, a very dangerous sea can be encountered. Once over the bank, the sea calms down again. Ships are advised to keep close to the coast in bad weather on account of this very dangerous sea. 34

Owing to the closing of the Suez Canal, the South African ports are now very busy and all ports are working a 24-hour day. We arrived off Capetown at 2200 hours, 14th November, and berthed at 2300 hours. When we arrived the notorious South-East wind was blowing, which makes docking a slow business. Before arrival I had wirelessed in our oil and water requirements, and also a list of stores wanted. Everything was ready when we arrived, and we sailed the following morning at 0800 hours. Owing to our night arrival, it was not possible for anyone to get ashore. Table Mountain was completely covered by cloud (the table cloth), but when we sailed the cloud had gone. It is very strange seeing so many ships on the route from Dakar to Capetown. At times one would almost think that one was in the Red Sea when seeing all the tankers coming along.

THE FILM SOCIETY In nearly every way "The Great Adventure" was a remarkable film. It was the first full-length production of the Swedish director Arne Sucksdorff, and took two and a half years to make. In the first place it was a lovely film just to watch; practically every shot was a beautifully balanced composition; sunlight on reeds protruding through the snow sufficed to make a fascinating pattern, and it goes without saying that the animals—particularly the young animals— made charming subjects for study. The imagination boggles at the thought of the patience that went to the getting of these pictures and of the thousands more that must have been left on the cutting room floor.. There can have been no long sequences possible : for instance, cameras cannot have been set up in relay along the route that the fox would come to and from the farm. As presented in the film that sequence must have been built up by the skilful assembly of shots taken at different times. But despite the "bitty" nature of the takes, the editing of the whole was always intelligent, evoking response from the audience, and at times, clever and witty, as when the owl's reaction to the jet planes high above was shewn. The sound track throughout was a sheer joy, sensitive, sparing of violins and not afraid of dramatic silence. And what was the film about? Ostensibly, I suppose, it was a study of animal life in central Sweden, but in essence it was a sympathetic treatment of that poignant moment in life that comes to a child in even the happiest home, the moment when the truth of Virgil's untranslatable "sunt lacrimae rerum" comes like a flash— although possibly not in Latin !—and the boy, child no more, turns, as in this film, with a ready smile to face the Great Adventure of life. In this respect, it was a brilliant touch to have a younger brother in 35

the story, too, whose unthinking and almost casual betrayal of the secret of their joint pet might, by contrast, emphasise the deeper feelings in which the older boy was involved. In any debate on whether film-making can ever be an art I am content to let my case for the proposition rest on this film. All else this term has seemed trivial to some extent by comparison. "Ivanhoe" was a reasonably well-produced medieval version of cops and robbers. Technicolor did at least reflect the bright colours in which the people of those days delighted. In "Captain's Paradise", Alec Guinness dwelt amusingly on the lighter side of a sailor having a wife in at least two ports. Finally, Buster Keaton in "The Navigator" must have convinced the youth of the 1950s that cinematic humour did not begin with the talkies. Mr. Waine, who from our earliest days has properly insisted that our interval music should be of a high standard, very kindly provided a live accompaniment to this film and in the interval was professionally served with what I am assured was the appropriate refreshment. Last season we gratefully acknowledged a new projector provided by the School : now Mr. Crews has conjured up from somewhere a bigger and better screen, on which, incidentally, he personally has expended a vast amount of thought and work. There is ground for believing that he likes doing this kind of thing, but that does not detract from the Society's indebtedness to him. F•J•W.

THE YOUNG FARMERS' CLUB Leader: K. G. COULTHARD, ESQ. Committee: M. L. BYWATER (Chairman), C. B. M. GREGORY (Vice-Chairman), R. R. BALDWIN (Secretary), T. M. JENKINSON (Treasurer), R. W. PEACOCK (Librarian), W. I. MACDONALD.

On Thursday, 11th October, Mr. Wilmott came from Askham Bryan to give a talk on "Horticulture". Mr. Wilmott defined horticulture as the cultivation of plants, especially glass crops, fruit, hops, root crops, and ornamental plants. Overseas this was extended to rubber and tea planting. The glasshouses in Britain were devoted mainly to tomatoes in the summer and chrysanthemums and lettuce in winter. Kent was the main fruit growing area in England, growing mainly cherries and hops. Fruit growing, however, was not profitable until fruit diseases and pests were overcome, the most profitable work being with ornamental and pot plants. If anyone wished to take up horticulture as a career, Reading and Nottingham Universities each have a four-year course, but Mr. Wilmott said a person must be a real enthusiast and if possible should have some capital. On 25th October Mr. Shippam, also from Askham Bryan, gave a short lecture on "Farm Mechanisation". The British farmer was 36

the most mechanised in the world as every acre of British soil must be used to its fullest extent. The plough was the basic implement, being fixed to a tractor and lifted hydraulically or trailed behind. The mouldboard plough was the most popular and when reversed could plough right-handed as well as left. For cultivating the soil a disc-harrow was used to break soil down, followed by a cultivator for thinning out. Seeds were put in a hopper of a grain drill and their outlet on to the ground was mechanically controlled in the same way as in the fertiliser drill. When the harvest was ready a binder or combined harvester was used for cutting and binding the crop. On 15th November Mr. Buckler, Principal of the East Riding Institute of Agriculture, gave a talk on milk. In the East Riding one third of the farms produced milk for sale. In the early 1930s, because of unhygienic methods, no milk could be kept fresh. The Milk Marketing Board was formed to take a complete monopoly of the sale of milk and to raise the standard of milk production. The amount a cow yielded a lactation varied from 150 to about 2,000 gallons, the average in Great Britain being about 570 gallons. The time taken for milk to reach the consumer in the London area from the farm was four to five days as compared with about two in York. This time could not be shortened because of transport and distribution difficulties. The next meeting of the term was a debate, and the motion was "This House deplores the use of chemical fertilisers to the exclusion of natural methods". Colonel Milnes-Coates rose to propose the motion. He said all plants needed lime, potassium, phosphorous, nitrogen, etc., and no soil was completely deficient in these elements. Plants were inclined to be greedy and thus a balanced food was required rather than too much of one thing. This was given by organic manures which also gave the plant bacteria to attack such pests as taycall and potato scab. Colonel Milnes-Coates, however, said that chemical fertilisers were certainly needed in a small quantity. Mr. Townsend from Leeds University then rose to oppose the motion which he thought was rather unfortunately worded, for natural manures are anything but on the decline. All plants need light, air, food, water, anchorage and correct temperature. Manures needed to be in an inorganic form for plants to receive the elements and with chemical fertilisers a plant can have what it wants when it wants. Mr. Wroe, seconding the motion, said that natural manures were in short supply and chemical fertilisers contain no humus, one of the essentials for plant life. Mr. Jenkinson, seconding the opposition, said his side of the House was really only up against prejudice. Mr. Townsend, summing up for the opposition, said that chemical fertilisers had a technical advantage insofar as they were easily transported, easily stored and easily sown. Colonel Milnes-Coates said great use could be made of town sewage. The motion was carried by 32 votes to 19. We would like to thank all outside speakers and members of the Advisory Committee for helping to make the debate such a success. 37

The final talk was given by Mr. Barbier, Chairman of AlphaOmega Holdings, Ltd., near Exeter. Boys entered their farm at 16 or 17 years on paying a deposit of £1,000. The training took nine years including National Service, and if the student was successful at the end of this time he kept all the stock excess he had reared on a 250 acre farm, together with the refunded £1,000. This term's programme was a great success and the programme for next term, which was discussed by the Advisory Committee, seems to be full of promise. It includes the first of a number of visits to a farm throughout the year so as to follow the development of particular crops. C.B.M.G.

DICKENSIAN CHARACTERS A re-reading of Dickens' Hard Times this term as a set-book inevitably leads one back to a consideration of his characterisation. Dickens is a remarkable writer in many ways but the trouble really starts with his characters : it is these that have invaded the novel and overrun everyday life, so that any person with a distinctive quirk or gimmick is liable to be called "Dickensian". It is this genius for individualisation that makes his characters immediately recognisable and memorable. Moreover it was vital to his success as a serial writer : his readers had to pick up the threads and feel at home with the characters as soon as every monthly instalment appeared. Dickens' art was essentially mnemonic : he wrote to be remembered. On the tiniest scale he seems to write in slogans"Barkis is willing", for example. Even the most casual persons, such as the rescuers in the above novel, are distinguished. In all its forms, this art depends upon imperishable tags and mannerisms associated with individuals : Mr. Micawber is forever waiting for something to turn up and Uriah Heep's hands are forever clammy. Even when "type" characters proliferate as with the Squeers family, though all are marked with a strong idiosyncrasy, all are yet different. And at some point, what has seemed a useful trick turns into a high virtue : the memorable turns into the legendary. Dickens usually presents a person more or less fully formed by a combination of professional, physical and environmental details—a sort of chemical compound with a precise flavour that identifies it. This is often achieved by physical suggestion as in this description of Mrs. Gamp : "She was neatly but not gaudily attired; in the weeds she had worn when Mr. Pecksniff had the pleasure of making her acquaintance; and was perhaps the turning of a scale more snu ffy."

This method of characterisation distinguishes him sharply from, say, Jane Austen or George Eliot. He shows little conception of the flux of human relationships whereby an Elizabeth Bennet or a Dorothea Brooke develop under our very eyes. His skill lies rather in producing idiosyncratic and separate persons and objects, which have a life and motion of their own but invariably stand against each other in fixed and still relations. Hence his world is lonely, lonely and gregarious : he is most at home in a garret or in a crowd. Dickens' focus, then, is upon society itself in its aggregate parts, the swarming metropolis of the mid-nineteenth century. And the central idea of his mature novels is that of predatory man in this society, a category which includes predatory-evil characters (Quilp, Mr. Pecksniff) and predatory-benevolent creatures (Mrs. Squeers, Mrs. General). Quilp in The Old Curiosity Shop is the predatory figure par excellence : the uneasy feeling that he gives us is not due to anything profoundly evil in his nature (all he does is to pop up and make faces) but that, seen through a child's eyes, a sense of mysterious evil is evoked. It is a matter of perspective. David Lean caught it perfectly in his film of Great Expectations when Pip is terrified by the towering figure of the convict in the graveyard scene. To a child such figures are larger than life in a real sense. "Oliver Twist peering fearfully from the folds of the Beadle's cloak", that is Dickens' imaginative viewpoint; and "Oliver asking for more" puts in a nutshell the feeling that he is Fagin's prey. Indeed, my own view is that Dickens' unique contribution to literature is that in the persons of his shark characters, both great and small, he presents us with a sense of evil and corruption in society as seen through the ingenuous eyes of a child; and that at the same time he applies to this child-vision the moral judgment of an adult. Now the greatest of these shark characters are Mr. Pecksniff and Mrs. Gamp in Martin Chuzzlewit. These two combine the above predatory traits with a world of comic fantasy : in fact they live almost entirely by the faculty of make-believe. Pecksniff begins by combating the disbelief of others in his pretensions, but he does not rise to his full stature until he has rooted out all trace of it even in himself, until the impregnability of his private world of self-esteem and hypocrisy is as consistent as Mrs. Gamp's devotion to the mythical Mrs. Harris. We meet this invincible screen first at the family gathering of the Chuzzlewits : " Pecksniff,' said Anthony, who had been watching the whole party with peculiar keenness from the first, 'don't you be a hypocrite.' `A what, my good sir?' demanded Mr. Pecksniff. 'A hypocrite.' `Charity, my dear,' said Mr. Pecksniff, 'when I take my chamber candlestick tonight, remind me to be more than usually particular in praying for Mr. Anthony Chuzzlewit, who has done me an injustice.' " 39

And we see it in its most ludicrous form at Mrs. Todger's wonderful, convivial party : "Mr. Pecksniff straightened himself up by a surprising effort, as everyone turned hastily towards him; and standing on his feet, regarded the assembly with a look of ineffable wisdom. Gradually it gave place to a smile; a feeble, helpless, melancholy smile; bland almost to sickliness. 'Do not repine, my friends,' said Mr. Pecksniff tenderly. 'Do not weep for me; it is chronic.' And with these words, after making a futile attempt to pull off his shoes, he fell into the fireplace." Each of these two characters is a florescence of comic activity. Each fantasy that they indulge in is not added to the others as another detail in a portrait, but as a fresh spurt of a fountain. Pecksniff's "humour", in short, is simply a way of imposing upon the world, and the uncomfortable feeling with all these shark characters is that they are not liable to punishment, having always an escape into fantasy : they seem to be unassailable because they can never be convinced of their guilt. Thus Mrs. Gamp and the imaginary Mrs. Harris form a single portentous monster, as impervious to understanding as the public conscience which she should arouse. Hence both these creations leave us with a sense of uneasiness rather than indignation; but even so, they do not escape without an implied moral judgment, for Dickens invariably puts beside the particular case of vicious behaviour a telling human event. Mr. Pecksniff is directly responsible for his daughter's disastrous marriage and Mrs. Gamp's neglect of her patient speaks for itself. The human fact at least cannot be masqueraded away. If it be argued that such characters are not "life-like", the answer is that they are "like life" in a peculiar way; for the vital point is that Dickens exaggerates a real truth about ourselves and thereby isolates it for inspection and judgment. In the manner of Ben Jonson, he seizes upon a specific trait, say hypocrisy, calls it Pecksniff, and proceeds to blow him up until he bursts. It is as if he could only get at the most solemn emotions by the most grotesque means. T. S. Eliot's remarks on Jonson's characters are equally applicable here, for Dickens' fantastic characters certainly have a logic of their own and he certainly intended this logic to illuminate the actual world by giving us a new point of view from which to inspect it. B.H.H.

C.C.F. NOTES Although quite a number of promotions were made at Camp, the full list for the new school year was not published until just before the first parade. S.S.M. Netherwood was appointed the senior N.C.O. and so we have a C.S.M. in khaki once more. The new promotions and appointments necessitated considerable changes in the Sections with a pool of potential N.C.O.s being left in the Cadre 40

The Cadre has, as usual, proved most useful in giving its members the opportunity to instruct, and organise demonstrations for the other Sections. A new batch of Recruits was received by Flight Sgt. Welch, and the postponed examination for the others was held. Trafalgar Day was marked by a special ceremony at the beginning of parade on the first Tuesday following 21st October. The hoisting of a special signal by members of the R.N. Section was an impressive sight. Owing to the reduced numbers in the R.N. Section this term, the two Divisions have been temporarily merged into one. In view of the special training in Naval drill received at H.M.S. St. Vincent, it was decided to allow the R.N. Section to continue this permanently, so long as the timing of rifle and other company drill remained unaltered. There have been several improvements in the organisation. P.O. Jose, who is now in charge of the R.N. Section, has introduced the R.N. Standing Orders which indicate the various duties to be carried out in the R.N. Section. The Stores Rating is now aided by two assistants, one responsible for clothing, the other for naval stores, and the R.N. Writer has an assistant for checking the issue of seamanship manuals. Lg./Sea. Franklin, Badham, Burden, and A.B.s Mitchell, Clark, Wheeler, Jenkinson, and Brewin are to be complimented on the enthusiasm they have shown in carrying out their sometimes tedious duties. The term has been mainly spent in routine training for the Exams., and the results so far this term have shown a satisfactory percentage of passes. Lg./Sea. Hall has done some good work with the N.R. Basic Squad, and A.B.s Gregory and Ridley have been enthusiastic instructors with the recruits. The Army Training Platoon, which is larger than usual, has been active with normal training, sand table exercises, T.E.W.T.s, etc. S.S.M. Sparham and Sgt. Morris have been supervising the instruction. Sgt. Peverley has taken over the Shooting instruction and is doing an excellent job with it. Armourer Sgt. Cook and L/Cpl. Baxter have been very busy in their respective posts. The Signallers, after their very successful work at Camp, have been busy with classification and the Instructor examinations. The Senior N.C.O., S/S.S.M. Clough, has taken over the stores and rules the Platoon most efficiently. The R.A. Detachment has been suspended for the time being whilst discussions continue about the possible reorganisation of training. Its members have been most helpful in the Cadre. Flight Sgt. Sedman has taken charge of the R.A.F. Section this term, with Sgt. Stubbs organising instruction. The work of the term 41

has been almost entirely directed towards the December Proficiency Examination, but on the last parade day of the term we had a Field Exercise. In this, Leading Cadet Bradford played the most successful part as a "fifth columnist". Leading Cadet McCallum did well in taking emergency command of the attacking party. The whole of the training this term has been overshadowed by the recent announcements of possible changes in the future, particularly in the training of the Basic Section. Though, fundamentally, these proposals will introduce little that we do not do already, we look forward eagerly to the new syllabus which we feel will bring the training of all three Sections more into line, and be more in keeping with modern ideas, though in no way getting away from the basic purposes of the C.C.F.

SCOUTING Early in November the new Scout Room was ready for use, and meetings of all sections of the Group have been held there since. We are very grateful to the Governors and the Head Master for the provision of the room which will greatly facilitate the work of the Group. As yet there are few signs of our occupation, but we hope to start next term on the provision of Patrol corners, seating, and store-rooms, while two oak crests, one Cub and one Scout, are being designed to be fixed on either side of the entrance. Three Senior Scouts, A. D. Best, J. M. Smith, and K. A. Steel, have been selected to join the York troop which will be attending the Sutton Park Jamboree in August. This Jamboree is being held as part of the celebrations which are being arranged to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the Scout movement by Lord Baden-Powell. Other Seniors who applied to attend the Jamboree, but who were not selected, will have the opportunity of attending a Jamboree Camp which will be held at the same time on a site close to Sutton Park. Any other Scouts and Senior Scouts will be able to join a party which will be travelling to spend a day at the Jamboree a few days after we return from camp. The Scout Troop at the moment consists of 34 Scouts, while there are 12 Senior Scouts. As yet we have not been able to find a successor to Mr. Bennett, and the Scouts have been under the care of Acting A.S.M.'s D. R. Holt, D. J. Oldman, and D. Pfluger. Under their enthusiastic guidance progress has been very satisfactory, and only a few of the Scouts have not gained the Second Class badge. D. G. Metcalf has been Acting A.S.M.(S.) of the Senior Scout Troop, and we shall miss his help next term. He leaves with our thanks and best wishes for the future. The Senior Troop, though smaller than for a year or two, has the makings of an efficient and enthusiastic section of the Group as many of the Senior Scouts will be at School for another two years at least. 42

Because of the shortage of Scouters there will be no Easter Hike in the Lake District this year. Though this is a matter for regret, it should be emphasised that such an activity is less important than the Annual Camp and that the latter will be held, as usual, at the end of the Summer Term. Again because of the shortage of Scouters, there will not be separate camps for the Scout and Senior Scout troops. A combined camp will be held, probably in the Lake District, and separate activities will be arranged for the two sections. Those Senior Scouts who lament the fact that there will be no trek camp this year might like to show their skill with the trike carts up some of the steeper fells It is hoped that all members of the Group will go to camp and that parents will try to arrange that Scouts and Senior Scouts are free to attend camp from Tuesday, 30th July, until Wednesday, 7th August. !

SHOOTING With more people taking shooting this year than ever before the future of shooting in the School seems to have been safely taken care of. Indeed, such were the numbers that they were divided into two groups, "A" and "13", the former being the "old hands", the latter the recruits. List B produced a few promising shots, but because attention had to be centred round the 1st VIII they have suffered from lack of practice, something which, unfortunately, is inevitable. There were six weeks in which to produce an VIII, and most of this time was spent on grouping practice, which even now has not been fully mastered. Of the six matches this term, four were won and two lost, no mean achievement for any team. The chief difficulties have been those of inconsistency and grouping. The former was very evident in the matches, and predicting a team score was an impossibility. The latter is the inability to prevent a group from wandering or splitting into two. Although faith in the sights is not complete, it is feared that the error is human. Our first team shoot proved to be the second best of the term, the best going to Victoria College, as was so last year, the score being only one point short of last year's record of 678. The second VIII won both their matches, and this proved to be valuable practice under match conditions. The main problem with the second VIII is that of finding fixtures, but this should be overcome during the course of the next few years. 1sT VIII MATCH RESULTS Date

Opponents

Score

St.Peter's Score

Result

12th Nov. 16th Nov. 23rd Nov. 30th Nov. 6th Dec. 7th Dec.

Trent College Bridlington School Shrewsbury School Welbeck College Victoria College Leeds Grammar School

650 579 647 676 676 676

667 643 650 651 677 654

Won Won Won Lost Won Lost

No VIII MATCH RESULTS

Date

Opponents

23rd Nov. 30th Nov.

Score

St.Peter's Score

Result

617 622

623 634

Won Won

Shrewsbury School Welbeck College

The following shot in the 1st and 2nd VIIIs :J. R. Maxwell, J. R. Peverley, B. C. R. Butler, A. C. Stubbs, M. G. A. Garbutt, R. Baxter, R. L High, J. M. Lennox, S. H. Newbigging, G. P. Lowley, P. A. Crossley, F. N. Parkin, D. E. Rayner, E. W. Trevelyan, J. K. Hick, and J. D. Fox.

The top eight averages were :B. C. R. Butler ... J. R. Maxwell ... J. R. Peverley ... R. L. High ... J. M. Lennox ... A. C. Stubbs ... R. Baxter ... M. G. A. Garbutt

...

86.5 84.83 84.17 83.5 83.25 81.0 80.5 80.17

J.R.M.

FENCING Fencing is more popular in the School this year than it has ever been. There are no fewer than sixty members in the Club. We have fencing sessions once on Sundays and Wednesdays, and twice on Thursdays. The only difficulty is that Club funds are low, and we have insufficient kit to meet demands. We won our match against Leeds Grammar School by 12 bouts to 4 (M. G. Hancock 2, P. J. Burton 3, P. A. Morris (Capt.) 4, A. G. Hall 3). This was the first away match for some years, and, all being well, we hope for another against Durham Colleges on 16th February. Under the present system, members who want to fence sabre, before becoming proficient foilists, are usually dissuaded by the Captain and a heavy sabre (unless they happen to be bigger than he is). Several boys have been seen beating hasty retreats through the gymnasium door after such trial bouts. R.S.M. Power, familiarly known under another name, nowadays treats broken blades with an air of philosophic calm. He says he has a friend who can mend them. T.M.

SQUASH A considerable growth of interest has made this a very encouraging term. To meet the increased demands, the School has once again acquired the use of the Railway Institute courts; it is to be hoped that the School will continue to take advantage of these facilities. A good start has been made in the competitions, for which the entries are much larger than in previous years. The 1st V played three matches, winning two and losing one. 44

lsr V v. LEEDS UNIVERSITY bin V, Away, on Wednesday 7th Nov. Lost 2-3. D. Kirby won (3--0). P. J. Netherwood lost (2-3). D. G. Macpherson lost (2-3). K. A. Hopper lost (0-3). G. F. B. Mitchell won (3-0). AN "A" V v. HYMER'S COLLEGE, at Home, on Sunday, 2nd December. Won, 3-2. P. J. Netherwood beat P. A. Clark (3-2), 4-9, 9-5, 9-6, 8-10, 9-6. D. G. Macpherson beat G. Bullock (3-1), 9-3, 9-5, 7-9, 10-8. K. A. Hopper lost to J. T. Harrison (0-3), 1-9, 8-10, 1-9. G. F. B. Mitchell lost to R. P. Ashton (2-3), 9-7, 9-7, 8-10, 5-9, 7-9. D. Robinson beat A. B. Clark (3-1), 9-7, 10--8, 4-9, 9-7. 1ST V v. BRADFORD G.S., at Home, on Thursday, 6th December. Won, 5-0.

D. Kirby beat R. G. Whittaker (3-0), 9-1, 9-3, 9-3. D. G. Macpherson beat J. P. Bailey (3-2), 9-1, 9-6, 0-9, 5-9, 9-7. P. J. Netherwood beat G. J. F. Twisleton (3-1), 9-2, 10-9, 7-9, 9-5. D. Pfluger beat M. J. Busby (3-2), 9-5, 9-6, 5-9, 3-9, 9-4. K. A. Hopper beat J. Toothill (3-0), 9-6, 9-4, 9-1.

D.K.

CHESS Two matches were played in the course of the term. Apart from board eight, the team consisted of players who had all had experience of School chess before. The result of the first match, a 6--2 win over Archbishop Holgate's G.S., was most encouraging, except for the lack of success on the first three boards. This result was almost exactly reversed by Bootham, who beat us 7-1. Carter and Sedman drew, and the rest lost. Special mention must be made of Sedman, who drew both his matches on board two, and Elliott, a newcomer to the team, whose attacking ideas brought him success in the first match and a very close game in the second. Results :v. Archbishop Holgate's G.S. (Away), Won, 6-2. v. Bootham School (Home), Lost, 1-7.

The following team played in both matches :B. W. H. Carter, E. C. Sedman, H. W. H. Unwin, D. T. Sparham, P. S. H. Jesper, D. J. Cook, G. V. Plester, R. A. Elliott.

B.W.H.C. 45

HOCKEY FIXTURES, 1957 1ST XI ... 2nd Feb. Leeds Corinthian Sat., ... Wed., 6th Feb. Welbeck College ... 9th Feb. Ashville College Sat., Sat., 16th Feb. Bridlington School ... Wed., 20th Feb. Scarborough College ... ... Sat., 23rd Feb. York H.C. ... Wed., 27th Feb. Bootham School 2nd Mar. Trent College Sat., Wed., 6th Mar. Worksop College 9th Mar. Old Peterites ... Sat., ... ... Wed., 13th Mar. Styx H.C. Sat., 23rd Mar. H.Q. Northern Command

2ND XI ... Wed., 6th Feb. Welbeck College ... 9th Feb. Ashville College Sat., ... Wed., 13th Feb. Fulneck School Sat., 16th Feb. Bridlington School ... Wed., 20th Feb. Scarborough College ... Wed., 27th Feb. Bootham School Sat., 2nd Mar. Trent College Wed., 6th Mar. Worksop College

Home Home • • • Away • • • Home • • • Away • • • Home • • • Away • • • Away • • • Home • • • Home • • • Home • • • Away Home Away Away Home Away Home Away Home

RUGBY FOOTBALL, 1956 RETROSPECT As the summary of results will show, a very successful season has been concluded, successful not only because of the favourable results of the Senior teams, but also because astonishingly good playing conditions have allowed a full programme of matches and games to be completed almost uninterruptedly. Practice and play there has been in plenty, and runs were only resorted to when the playing fields, already heavily taxed by numbers, could stand the strain no longer. The successes of the 1st XV, backed up by an even more successful 2nd XV, have helped the School's rugby reputation, and on results alone they must be adjudged the most successful team since the 1950 side, which followed in the wake of the all-conquering 1949 XV. There can be no denying the fact that they had stiff opposition and severe competition, probably more so than any experienced by their predecessors. This makes the success all the more to their credit. To mention only a few—Durham were unbeaten since the 1954 season and remained an unbeaten side after their only defeat at our hands; Bradford G.S. were only defeated once and that late in the season; Denstone's reputation warrants no further comment; Ampleforth, with many impressive results behind them, had not been defeated by the School on their home ground since 1926; and finally Worksop had the distinction of being an unbeaten side throughout the season. 46

Even now it is difficult to assess the team's strength and give concrete reasons for their success. Undeniably, like all successful sides, they had a fine team spirit and supported their captain unhesitatingly. The help given by the Headingley team after the first match and the victory against Durham encouraged the team enormously and built up their confidence immeasurably. Our opponents were seldom able to pin-point our strength, let alone ascertain our weaknesses, which were more apparent in attack than defence. Contributing to the team's success more than anything else was the unsparing efforts of M. Welsh at open-side wing-forward, the inspired leadership from time to time of the pack by T. G. Stephenson, the grand displays by K. A. Hopper at scrum-half, and last but not least D. Kirby's fine goal-kicking, a huge asset in modern rugby. The construction of the team was interesting, and not a little surprising, mainly in the formation of the pack, which ended up with a renowned full-back playing as hooker, and a recognised threequarter effectively binding the 2nd row of the scrum in spite of lack of weight. The three-quarters collectively developed less than the forwards, although this was probably due to a rather prolonged injury to D. G. Macpherson at fly-half. Injuries were not the bane of the team's lives, although they were by no means injury-free. For this reason 16 players were awarded their 1st XV colours (in all 18 played for the team at one time or another), and it was always a great encouragement to know that a strong 2nd XV was in the background, containing many competent players who could be drawn on in an emergency. The unbeaten record of the 2nd XV with 7 victories to their credit has never previously been equalled. This achievement was gained as a result of their enthusiasm, team spirit and an unusually sound knowledge and ability amongst the whole back division. With their brothers in the 1st XV they shared the distinction of recording for the first time the two victories against Ampleforth on one and the same day. Again 17 players made up the final selected team. House matches and Colts matches were not of a high standard, although the improvement shown by the "Under 15" Colts team was encouraging. The lee-way usually to be made up by our Junior players is continually exercising our minds

1st XV CHARACTERS *f M. WEL sx (Captain), 1954-55-56. Open-side wing-forward. Height 5 ft. 11 ins. Weight 12 st. 13f lbs. An enthusiastic and much-respected captain. Although not a powerful influence on the field, nevertheless his play has been an inspiration to his team. He worked tirelessly and wrecked at its source many a move by the opposition. His tackling was usually most effective, but it is doubtful whether he can maintain this position in club rugger with all the demands of speed which are called for.

KIRBY (Vice-Captain), 1955-56. Full-back. Height 6 ft. 2 ins. Weight 13 st. 101 lbs. Played his best games early in the season but slowed up appreciably lately and showed some hesitation. Although he has not mastered the art of the screw-kick, his length of kicking with both feet is good. His place-kicking, the reward of much practice, has made an invaluable contribution and often placed the side in a winning position. A. HOPPER, 1955-56. Scrum-half. Height 5 ft. 64 ins. Weight • 9 st. 64 lbs. A first class player in the making. His service from the base of the scrum has developed into a quick, long and accurate pass, and he is sound even when under pressure. A great opportunist in attack. G. STEPHENSON, 1955-56. No. 8 and leader of the pack. Height ▪ 6 ft. 2 ins. Weight 12 st. 14 lbs. Although temperamental his play is very constructive. Much of the credit for the success of the pack must go to him. * W. B. WILSON, 1956. 2nd row forward. Height 6 ft. 4 in. Weight 11 st. 84 lbs. A sound scrummager and a very useful line-out man. He put in a lot of good work and his game should develop well. L. BYWATER, 1956. 2nd row forward. Height 5 ft. 94 ins. Weight • 10 st. 54 lbs. His own personal wish to change from three-quarter to forward was a great personal success, in spite of the handicap of his comparatively slight physique. He binds well and keeps very fit. Particularly neat in his movements and line-out work. PFLUGER, 1953-54-55-56. Left-wing three-quarter. Height 5 ft. 104 ins. Weight 11 st. 13 lbs. The veteran of the team, but he could not find the guile or the speed to improve on previous form. His experience was invaluable. He was safe and covered well. U. J. F. KNAPTON, 1956. Left prop. Height 5 ft. 94 ins. Weight 12 st. 3 lbs. Played consistently hard and well throughout the season, and is developing the happy knack of being in the right place at the right time. He learnt a lot about his job as the season progressed, but it is doubtful whether his size is going to permit him to continue to play in this position. tB. C. R. BUTLER, 1956. Hooker. Height 5 ft. 94 ins. Weight 10 st. 114 lbs. Better known as a full-back renowned for his fearless tackling. The gamble to switch him to this completely unaccustomed position came off most successfully. His temperament is much better suited to play in the pack rather than anywhere else. T. BEAUMONT, 1956. Right prop. Height 5 ft. 84 ins. Weight 11 st. 4 lb. Did very well to make the grade after a not particularly distinguished season with the Colts last year. He fitted well in the front row, but he still needs to apply more fire and vigour to his play and to speed up generally. j.D. N. BROCKLEBANK, 1955-56. Centre three-quarter. Height 5 ft. 64 ins. Weight 9 st. 104 lbs. Adjusted himself well to this position after playing in the much easier position of wing three-quarter last year. Has an eye for an opening but does not always know how to exploit it. His slight physique is a considerable handicap to him, and in defence particularly he has to muster all his determination to succeed. -ID. G. MACPHERSON, 1955. Stand-off half. Height 5 ft. 7 ins. Weight 9 st. 94 lbs. But for injury he would have developed into a very good player this year, as it was he showed much improved form. He has learnt a lot about the tactics of the game and the technique of giving passes. He possesses a safe pair of hands. Kicking a little weak, especially left foot. His tackling in a covering role has been superb. P. B. BURBIDGE, 1955. Right-wing three-quarter. Height 5 ft. 84 ins. Weight 11 st. 0 lb. Played a very useful role as a reserve stand-off half. Best suited to his wing position, in which he showed fine dash. His tackling in this position has been first class and an inspiration to the team.

•

McCALLum, 1955. Centre three-quarter. Height 5 ft. 10i ins. Weight 10 st. 12i lbs. A glut of good scrum-halves has made it necessary for him to tranfer to this position. He possesses a lot of good rugger sense and he is adjusting himself well. He has found the game difficult owing to lack of speed, but through sheer perseverence he has made the grade. tit. C. STUBBS, 1955-56. Blind-side wing-forward. Height 5 ft. 6i ins. Weight 10 st. 3i lbs. General utility man in the team this year, filling gaps caused by injury either at wing three-quarter, in which position he won his place in the team last year, or at wing-forward. His anticipation has been slow and his play less aggressive than last year. tD. T. SPARHAM, 1956. Blind-side wing-forward. Height 5 ft. 8 ins. Weight 9 st. 8 lbs. A terrier-like worker who in spite of his slight physique got through much useful work. Dogged by injuries and never showed up in the latter stages of the season. f Colours. * Caps.

SEASON 1956-57 2nd XV.—J. R. Maxwell* (Capt.), D. J. Oldman,* R. M. Wheeler,* R. Baxter,* G. F. B. Mitchell,* I. N. Ridley,* M. J. Kershaw,* D. Anderson, W. N. Richards, R. R. Baldwin, F. A. L. Kirby, P. J. Netherwood, G. V. Plester, D. Robinson, N. D. Taylor, H. W. H. Unwin, S. J. S. Wroe. * Colours. Colts XV.—W. E. Montague; W. M. Howard,* A. H. Crowther* (Capt.), J. B. Robinson, J. M. Smith; J. J. Rhodes, M. Precious; J. B. Mathews,* S. S. Hobson, D, L. Slade, J. G. Clark, J. S. Botterill, F. C. Beaumont, D. Storey, W. Gibson. * Colours. Junior Colts XV.—C. W. Gough; A. May, M. McCallum, P. N. B. Smith, P. M. Beachell; J. W. S. Gale (Capt.), W E. Bagnall; M. J. Bond, C. W. A. Groundwater, D. P. Coles, R. A. Hodgson, A. W. Raylor, G. P. Robinson, D, H. Fletcher, E. M. H. Ranson (Vice-Capt.).

SUMMARY OF RESULTS 1st XV

Wed., 3rd Oct. Wed., 10th Oct. Sat., 13th Oct. Sat., 20th Oct. Tues., 23rd Oct. Sat., 27th Oct. Sat., 3rd Nov. Sat., 10th Nov. Sat., 17th Nov. Wed., 28th Nov. 1st Dec. Sat., Sat., 15th Dec. Wed., 31st Oct. Wed., 10th Oct. Wed., 17th Oct. Sat., 20th Oct. Sat., 10th Nov. Sat., 17th Nov. Wed., 21st Nov. Sat., 24th Nov. Wed., 28th Nov.

Headingley "A" Durham School York R.U.F:C. Bradford G.S. Trent College Denstone College Harrogate R.F.C. Colts ... Leeds G.S. ... Ampleforth College ... ... Worksop College Giggleswick School ... ... Old Peterites "A" XV ... Ripon G.S. ... 2nd XV ... Durham School Drax G.S. 1st XV ... ... Bradford G.S. ... Leeds G.S. ... Ampleforth College ... Rishworth School 1st XV Giggleswick School ... ... Worksop College

Home Home Home Home Away Home Home Away Away Away Home Home

Result

Drawn Won Lost Drawn Won Won Won Lost Won Lost Won Won

14 8 3 12 35 9 29 3 13 8 11 13

14 6 9 12 0 0 3 13 6 11 3 9

Home Won Away Away Home Away Home Home Away Away

Won 23 Won 3 Won 11 Won 11 Won 6 Won 25 Cancelled Won 8

0 0 6 0 5 0 5

3rd XV Home Ampleforth College ... Colts XV Away Sat., 20th Oct. Pocklington School ... Away Sat., 27th Oct. Barnard Castle School Away ... Wed., 31st Oct. Ampleforth College ... Home 3rd Nov. Harrogate R.F.C. Colts "A" XV Sat., Home ... ... Sat., 10th Nov. Durham School Away ... Sat., 24th Nov. Giggleswick School ... Home ... ... Wed., 28th Nov. Worksop College JUNIOR COLTS XV Away ... Wed., 17th Oct. Drax G.S. Away ... Sat., 20th Oct. Pocklington School ... Away ... Sat., 27th Oct. Barnard Castle School Away Wed., 7th Nov. Archbishop Holgate's G.S. ... Home Sat., 10th Nov. Durham School Home Wed., 21st Nov. Rishworth School Home Wed., 28th Nov. Worksop College SENIOR HOUSE MATCHES 1st Round : Grove beat Queen's, 22-0. Rise beat Temple, 11-3. Semi-finals : Grove beat Manor, 12-3. Rise beat School House, 9-3. Grove beat Rise, 8-0. Final : JUNIOR HOUSE MATCHES 1st Round : School House beat Temple, 30-0. Manor beat Queen's, 35-0. Semi-finals : School House beat Rise, 3-0. Manor beat Grove, 11-3. School House beat Manor, 10-3. Final : Sat.,

17th Nov.

Lost

11 Lost 9 Lost 0 Lost 8 Won Drawn 0 Cancelled 10 Lost Lost Lost Lost Lost Won Won Won

8 8 6 0 9 22 18

6 13 13 25 6 0 17 16 25 11 24 3 0 14

SCHOOL MATCHES SCHOOL v. DURHAM Played at home on Wednesday, 10th October. The first school match of the year opened with St. Peter's a little apprehensive about the probable result. Durham had, until this match, been undefeated in all their school matches since 1954. St. Peter's took the ball into the Durham half at the start, and kept the upper hand for the first fifteen minutes. Then, against the run of play Durham went into the lead from a penalty taken by M. Weston. The School side came back into the attack, and were awarded a number of penalty kicks. None of these was particularly easy and D. Kirby failed to score from any of them. In between these attempts at goal, M. Welsh picking up the ball from behind a scrum, dived over the line to score. This was converted to give the School a 5-3 lead at half-time. Though M. Weston's attacking play was limited by the close marking of M. Welsh, his defensive kicking proved invaluable in keeping the School team at bay. Half-time : School 5 pts., Durham 3 pts. 50

The game proceeded at a lively pace despite the autumn sunshine, with the School showing an unusual amount of teamwork in attack. About ten minutes after the restart, K. A. Hopper, snatching the ball from a hurriedly taken line-out, ran half the length of the field to score a brilliant try. Just before the end, Durham scored a penalty goal taken by Weston, and with only two points separating them the two teams finished very strongly. On the whole the School's performance augured well for the future. Result : Won, School 8 pts., Durham 6 pts. Team : D. Kirby; D. Pfluger, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, A. C. Stubbs; P. B. Burbidge, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, D. I. Sparham, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.).

SCHOOL v. BRADFORD G.S. Played at home on Saturday, 20th October. In the early stages of the game, before Bradford had really settled down, the School were getting the larger share of the ball. But everyone was surprised, not least D. Kirby himself, when from a hurried pass by D. Pfluger, Kirby drop-kicked a brilliant goal from fifty yards. This gave the School a momentary lead, which was equalled when J. P. Bailey scored a goal from a penalty kick, and snatched away when I. M. Hewitt crossed the line from a break through in the three-quarters. J. P. Bailey scored another penalty and Kirby did the same for the School. Just before half-time K. A. Hopper dived round the blind side to score. Half-time : School 9 pts., Bradford G.S. 9 pts.

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The match continued to be fairly even with the result always in doubt. The School's defence showed some weakness which was exploited to the full by the Bradford scrum-half. About half way through the second half the School's scrum proved its superiority by scoring a push-over try. M. B. Wilson was the forward who happened to be sitting on the ball. Near the end of the game Bailey brought the scores level with a penalty kick. Considering that M. Welsh, the captain, was absent through injury, the result was a very satisfactory ending to a very exciting match. R. M. Wheeler is to be congratulated on an impressive debut on the wing, especially in defence. Result : Drawn, School 12 pts., Bradford G.S. 12 pts. Team : D. Kirby (Capt); D. Pfluger, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, R. M. Wheeler; P. B. Burbidge, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, D. I. Sparham, T. G. Stephenson, A. C. Stubbs.

SCHOOL v. TRENT COLLEGE Played at Trent on Tuesday, 23rd October. The School had more of the game during the first fifteen minutes, but at the start nobody could have foreseen the final score. The scoring opened when Hopper scored a try from a three-quarter movement. This was made into five points by D. Kirby. Soon afterwards D. Kirby added again to the score by kicking a penalty goal. Trent never looked like scoring and whenever our three-quarters could really get in motion they usually finished very near the Trent line. The School scored twice more before half-time, both times from three-quarter movements. Pfluger, after a 30 yards run, passed to McCallum who scored a converted try, and then Pfluger again rounded his opposing wing to score himself. Half-time : School 16 pts., Trent 0 pts. In the second half Trent recovered slightly, but even so they were never very close to the School try line. We scored twice from mistakes by the Trent bias. McCallum picked the ball up from the ground and ran about three yards to score, and, later, Stephenson did not even have to carry the ball across the try line as it was dropped there by the Trent backs. The next School try was more worthwhile. It was again scored by D. Pfluger after a fine run by Hopper. Pfluger soon afterwards made his personal score three by rounding his opposite number. D. Kirby scored from a penalty kick and also converted two of the second half tries. Result : Won, School 35 pts., Trent 0 pts. Team: D. Kirby; D. Pfluger, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, R. M. Wheeler; P. B. Burbidge, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, D. T. Sparham, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.). SCHOOL v. DENSTONE COLLEGE Played at home on 27th October. The match was marred at the very beginning by an unfortunate injury to R. Lennon, who was taken off in the first few minutes and was unable to resume. Even with a man short, the Denstone pack was of such calibre that it not only held its own but it was pushing the School pack off the ball. The School were awarded a penalty, which D. Kirby kicked over from long range. This gave the School the lead. Although Kirby kicked another penalty goal the home side never looked much like scoring a try. Half-time : School 6 pts., Denstone 0 pts. At the resumption Denstone showed little sign that they were a man short. Their three-quarters when they could handle the ball looked the more dangerous. The close marking of the School team, especially wing-forward M. Welsh, prevented any score by Denstone. 52

The School "threes" handled the ball well but were inclined to part with it too soon. D. Kirby made it his day by kicking a third fine penalty goal. K. A. Hopper competed with Kirby for the honours of of the game. Result : Won, School 9 pts., Denstone 0 pts. Team: D. Kirby; A. C. Stubbs, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, D. Pfluger; P. B. Burbidge, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, D. T. Sparham, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.).

SCHOOL v. LEEDS G.S. Played at Leeds G.S. on Saturday, 10th November This match was perhaps the most disappointing of the season. The School went into it with an unbeaten record and emerged a very gloomy side. The damage was done in the first five minutes when W. R. Mundell broke through to score a try for Leeds which was converted by N. E. Rouse. The conditions were not good for three-quarter play, yet the Leeds three-quarters had little difficulty in holding the ball. Unhappily the reverse was true of the School three-quarter line. Just before half-time D. Kirby scored from a penalty with a prodigiously long kick. Half-time : School 3 pts., Leeds 5 pts. Soon after the restart, A. C. Stubbs, finishing a three-quarter movement, dived over the line with the ball in his hands. Unfortunately the ball went loose and was safely touched down by a Leeds player. Apart from a beautiful break by Macpherson, the rest of the game was all Leeds. M. G. Hill, the Leeds wing, scored a try in the corner. Soon after this D. Brown found the ball lying on the ground. He gratefully touched the ball down and the try was converted by N. E. Rouse. Kirby had been injured just before this so, although we were awarded two penalties, Pfluger, who took them, was unable to score from them. Result : Lost, School 3 pts., Leeds 13 pts. Team: D. Kirby; D. Pfluger, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, A. C. Stubbs; D. G. Macpherson, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, R. Baxter, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.).

SCHOOL v. AMPLEFORTH COLLEGE Played at Ampleforth on Saturday, 17th November. The School, fresh from their defeat at Leeds, looked like repeating this twice within a week. The Ampleforth back line looked far the more dangerous in attack and only some staunch work in defence by the School centres, Brocklebank and McCallum, saved the game. D. A. Poole and the inside centre looked particularly dangerous. The first try was rather a lucky one, Kirby attempting to kick for 53

touch was charged down by N. C. Villiers who ran on to score. Ampleforth further increased their lead from a penalty kicked by A. Greene. D. Kirby replied with a penalty for St. Peter's. Half-time School 3 pts., Ampleforth 6 pts. :

Soon after half-time the inside centre broke through the St. Peter's defence and touched the ball down with one hand. The referee disallowed the try and St. Peter's had their first reprieve. The School replied to this with five minutes' concentrated pressure on the Ampleforth line, which resulted in K. A. Hopper diving over for a try. Kirby converted this to give the School the lead. Ampleforth swept back into the attack and St. Peter's were reprieved for the second time when Macpherson brilliantly tackled the inside centre a foot from the line. The School, to a roar which could well be imitated in other Schools, after a long relieving kick by Welsh, scored a push-over try. This was quickly followed by a successful penalty kick by Kirby. Result : Won, School 13 pts., Ampleforth 6 pts.

Team: D. Kirby; P. B. Burbidge, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, D. j Pfluger; D. G. Macpherson, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, A. C. Stubks, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.).

SCHOOL v. WORKSOP COLLEGE Played at Worksop on Wednesday, 28th November. Before the game was many minutes old, the School were in the lead. A. McCallum scored after a beautiful combined try in which at least 10 players took part. Kirby, with the wind behind him, converted from a long way out. About 15 minutes before half-time A. T. W. Grieve, the Worksop fly-half, ran through the whole School side to score. This was converted by R. Kidd. Half-time : School 5 pts., Worksop 5 pts. In the second half it was obvious that Welsh, for the first time this season, was unable to tackle the fly-half. But it was not by his ability to elude the wing forward that he did the damage. Grieve dropped two goals in quick succession and with seemingly little effort St. Peter's were out of the game. Just before the end, Kirby landed a penalty to make the score slightly more respectable. Result Lost, School 8 pts., Worksop 11 pts. :

Team: D. Kirby; A. C. Stubbs, D. N. Brocklebank, A. McCallum, D. Pfluger; D. G. Macpherson, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, R. Baxter, T. G. Stephenson, M. Welsh (Capt.).

SCHOOL v. GIGGLESWICK SCHOOL Played at home on Saturday, 1st December The School completed a successful season by beating Giggleswick. The School back line was kept well supplied with the ball by a more powerful pack. This soon resulted in a try by D. Pfluger after Brocklebank had broken through in the centre. A try by McCallum followed, when he ran through on his own. Kirby converted this to give the School a clear lead. Half-time : School 8 pts., Giggleswick 0 pts. From the restart play became much more even, with D. R. Atkinson, at inside centre, always looking dangerous. During one of the Giggleswick attacks they were awarded a penalty from which A. M. F. Slinger scored. At this the St. Peter's pack gained new life and the ball was swept towards the Giggleswick line. The activity of the pack was rewarded by a penalty goal by Kirby. The School kept up the pressure until the final whistle. Result : Won, School 11 pts., Giggleswick 3 pts. Team : D. Kirby; R. M. Wheeler, A. McCallum, D. N. Brocklebank, D. Pfluger; D. G. Macpherson, K. A. Hopper; J. J. F. Knapton, B. C. R. Butler, L. T. Beaumont, M. B. Wilson, M. L. Bywater, M. Welsh (Capt.), T. G. Stephenson, A. C. Stubbs.

SCHOOL v. OLD PETERITES Saturday, 15th December. Under the leadership of Peter Penniston, a colourful array, representing the Old Boys, took the field once again on this pleasant social occasion. It was most agreeable to know that there were more stalwarts wishing to play against their old School than could possibly be accommodated, but here was a formidable selection, only six of whom had played last year. Although from a distance the pitch appeared green and in good condition, heavy rain over the previous few days had left the surface soft and slippery, and there was plenty of mud in evidence before very long. These conditions greatly favoured the heavier Old Boys' pack who, under the able leadership of A. N. Wyatt-Gunning, proved their experience by quickly settling down and dictating the run of play from the outset. With a monopoly of the ball, the Old Boys opened the scoring when F. C. Slegg kicked a neat dropped-goal from close range, but K. A. Hopper quickly retaliated for the School with a fine opportunist run after picking-up from around the scrum. D. Kirby converted to give the School a two point lead. The remainder of the first half swung mainly in favour of the Old Boys, who found gaps in a hesitant School defence, and the School lost their lead when a try was scored by P. Penniston and a penalty by P. J. Blincoe. Half-time : School 5 pts., Old Boys 9 pts. ■

Playing with more zest in the second half, the School tightened their defence and showed a little more enterprise in attack. First, good work by D. G. Macpherson sent in A. McCallum for a try, and finally, after good backing-up, J. J. F. Knapton was able to force his way over for a try which D. Kirby duly converted. Having lost their lead, the Old Boys now strove vigorously to wrest the initiative from the School. With T. G. Stephenson off the field the School were sorely pressed, and the Old Boys sensed their opportunity for a shove-over try, only to find that their overenthusiasm brought about the intervention of the referee and the School cleared with a long relieving penalty kick. Thus the School kept their noses in front, and the Old Boys could not add to their half-time score before the final whistle brought an enjoyable game to a close. Result : Won, School 13 pts., Old Peterites 9 pts. OLD PETERITE XV P. D. F. James; P. Penniston ,(Capt.), P. J. Blincoe, G. B. Pullan, C. D. King; F. C. Slegg, M. G. Goodburn; P. V. Leigh, D. T. Simpson, R. Hobson, G. D. Gardner, C. W. Thompson, R. Parker, C. U. Burdass, A. N. WyattGunning.

THE JUNIOR SCHOOL The start of the Christmas Term is always rather an upheaval, for there are over fifty new boys to learn our ways and, although the majority settle down quickly to the life of their new school, there are always one or two who find it difficult to adjust themselves to somewhat unfamiliar conditions. The whole social structure alters too, for last year's seniors may become monitors, and those who for years have been smaller fry find themselves seniors with a more important role to play. The fact that we did not have to change the form of a single boy after the first order shows that we were rather more fortunate in placing boys than is generally the case. We did, in fact, get off to a cracking start, and the very fine weather played no small part in our success. One dark shadow, however, was cast by the death of Ian Bytheway, an Old Olavite of whom we were proud, and we should like to record our heartfelt sympathy to his family on their bereavement. The only main change in the landscape has been the building of an excellent new Scouts Room, which should help Scouting and Cubbing very considerably. We had, indeed, a most successful "camp fire" at the end of term which would have been impossible to run without a suitable room. At the start of the term, some of our P.T. periods had to be given in the open, and it is indeed fortunate that these forms may seek sanctuary in the Scout Room during bad weather. j1 have been given a new set of desks, of which they are still justly proud. It is clear that there are a few boys in the School who have too little respect for School property, and there have been cases of needless damage through sheer carelessness and ragging. There is, however, a steady improvement in this respect and, though we have some of us a long way to go, we are tidier and less rowdy than we were. This term has seen the foundation of an Archaeological Society, as previously foreshadowed. It has been started on a businesslike footing, with J. R. Shannon as Secretary and M. R. Wroe as Treasurer. The only meeting so far has been a lecture on Hadrian's Wall given by Mr. Cooper. The lecturer had some difficulty in delivering his oration, as he himself walked the Wall from West to East with the wind at his back, whilst most mistakenly all the guide books (and the Romans themselves) started on the East coast and worked to the West. It is hoped to have three meetings each term, one of them being a visit to a local place of interest. Work has progressed steadily, and the ultimate destination of the Work Shield was always in doubt. By doing very well in the exams., Alcuin managed to secure a convincing lead for the term, but all four houses are so close that anything may happen. 57

It has been decided that in future marks will not be given for Art, Music and Divinity, which may cause a certain reversal of current form. It will, however, tend to give a rather truer indication of academic worth, and there would be little point in having marks at all if they did not show this in a comprehensible form. Slightly less attention, however, should be paid to the actual position, and more importance should be attached to the percentage. Boys are grouped in six sections, ranging from A which is over 85% to F which is under 50%. A boy with a C who is 20th is obviously doing as well as his companion in another form who is 1st but can only achieve a D. There is no particular reason why the bottom boy of a form should not have reasonable marks. After last year's poor season, our rugger team started rather with the idea that they were going to lose matches, an idea which bore disastrous fruit in the first match against Ampleforth. Against Pocklington, however, we showed our true worth and, although this match was our one success, we by no means disgraced ourselves thereafter. Our Middle XV was also heavily defeated, but it was encouraging to note that our team improved considerably between being hopelessly defeated by Gilling at home and putting up a determined fight for it at Gilling. It must be realised that the only means of winning matches is to go on to the field feeling thoroughly aggressive and determined to fight on to the bitter end. We have two home matches next term, against St. Martin's and against Drax, both of which can be won. Jesper has good material to lead, and we look forward to avenging former defeats. The House matches have been held over until next term, and is to be hoped that the weather will enable us to complete a fu programme. On 10th October we had our Harvest Thanksgiving and, as AI Saints' Day was devoted to a whole holiday, we had a special servi on All Souls' Day. We joined with St. Peter's for the Remembranc Day Service, the only occasion during the school year when both schools attend Chapel together. Our Carol Service, this time on the last Monday, was a notable success. Both the lesson reading and the singing were outstanding, and the fact that this year our cassocks were all the same colour gave an added dignity. We are greatly indebted to St. Helen's Church for lending us their robes. Our annual P.T. display was run on the old familiar lines. There was a distinct feeling at one time that perhaps too much time and effort were spent on this particular event, to the detriment of both work and games, and that the P.T. display had outlived its usefulness. After the display, for which Mr. Power had devised an even more varied and interesting programme than usual, we felt that after all it was worth it. At this display, every boy in the School has a real feeling that he is playing his part, and we think that this has great value in making the new boy feel that he is doing something vital in the life of the School. 58

On 3rd October Mr. H. Evetts gave us a talk on Weasels, Stoats and Otters. It was a most interesting and instructive lecture and, without the aid of film or slides, he kept our whole attention. An unprecedented array of questions at the end showed that he had certainly succeeded in stirring up our interest, and it is to be hoped that Mr. Evetts will visit us again in the near future, giving us another of his talks on British wild life. To complete the picture of the term, we may say something of the general health of the School. On the whole, it has been good, but there have been fairly constant visitors to the sanatorium, and a number of boys were away for long periods. For those who like statistics, the maximum number of boys away from School on any one day was seventeen, and one hundred and seven boys out of our record total of 236 missed at least a fraction of their school work. SALVETE (September, 1956) AINSTY P. N. Abel (JiiiB), P. N. Banks (Ji), J. A. F. Bilsborough (HM, P. G. Brindle (JivA), R. C. Dixon (Ji), D. J. Emsley (Ji), M. E. Gough (Ji), J. P. Hugill (Ji), P. S. Oglesby (Ji), M. E. Raine (JivA), P. L. D. Rank (Ji), E. P. Raynes (JivA), C. Ryan (JiiA), R. G. Steel (JiiA), R. J. Watts (Ji) and J. C. H. Wright (JiiB). ALCUIN J. R. Dalkin (JiiiB), M. E. Gough (L.) (Ji), R. H. Grayson (JiiiA), J. C. Key (L.) (JiiB), M. J. Oxley .(L.) (JiiA), A. W. H. Powell (L.) i(Ji), P. R. Scholefield (L.) (JiiB), P. F. A. Shearsmith (L.) (JiiB), N. Shipley (L.) (Ji), A. G. Slater (D.B.) (L.) i(JiiB), P. F. Sutton (L.) (JiiB), R. C. Sutton (JivC), M. J. Thompson (L.) (Ji), J. J. Vooght (L.) (JiiB), T. A. Wilson (L.) (JiiB) and S. M. Wright (L.) (Ji). ELMET R. M. Anderson (Ji), G. A. Barber (Ji), A. B. Best (JiiA), J. D. Cartwright (JiiB), G. H. C. Elliot (Ji), P. E. Haxby (JivA), B. L. Holmes (JiiA), H. A. King (JiiiA), S. G. Lancaster (Ji), N. C. P. Marsden (Ji), W. N. Marshall (Ji), D. Outhwaite (JivA), J. S. Scott (JivA), R. A. C. Seymour (JiiiB), J. H. Reiss .(Ji) and D. G. Woolley after an absence of four terms. WENTWORTH C. S. Dew (Ji), N. E. Furey (Ji), A. M. Hedley (JiiA), J. P. Lovell (D.) (Ji), M. G. Mallinson (Ji), D. J. Mutch (JiiA), N. F. Perry (JiiiB), R. J. D. Wilson (JiiiA) and J. G. Wood (JiiiB).

JUNIOR SCHOOL GAMES We have had a very full programme of games this season as we have been able to turn out every Tuesday and Thursday of the term excepting the week the P.T. Display was held and the last Thursday. There have been five games of Rugger (Seniors and Middles) and three of Soccer (Juniors). In spite of the practice, one match was won against Pocklington Grammar School (Under 13 XV) and the remaining five games were 59

lost. Two against Ampleforth and one against St. Martin's (Nawton), Drax, and Pocklington away. The following represented the School XV :—Hutchinson, S. R., Holgate, G. M., Sessions, W. M., Tomlinson, C. I. D., Abel, M. A., Hackney, J. D. M., Yeomans, J. F., Daniel, R. B., Middleton, R. T., Adcock, R. J., Hart, G. A., Raley, M., Jesper, M. C. M. (Capt.), Bruce, R. L., Kettlewell, J. J.—also played : Wood, R. A., and Brown, J.

Of the above, Jesper, M. C. M., Hutchinson, S. R., and Bruce, R. L., were awarded their School colours. The "House" matches, Senior, Middle and Junior, will be played off in the Easter Term.

EDITORIAL NOTICES The Peterite is the magazine of St. Peter's School, York. The Editors solicit literary contributions and general correspondence from past and present (Peterites. No notice can be taken of anonymous correspondence. Contributors may, if they prefer it, send their name in a separate envelope, which will not be opened unless the contribution is accepted. Where the contributor's name is not intended for publication, his "nom-de-plume" should be enclosed as well. The subscription to The Peterite is 6s. Od. per annum, payable in advance, i.e., before the issue of the first number of the year (January). Members of the O.P. Club receive The Peterite gratuitously. The Peterite is published three times a year, at the beginning of each term. If any member of the O.P. Club should not receive their numbers of The Peterite, the Editors would be obliged if notice could be sent at once to The Bursar, St. Peter's School, York. The Editors of The Peterite will be glad to supply any past numbers which they may have to those desiring them, at the price of Is. Od. per copy. Applications for advertising space to be made to The Bursar, St. Peter's School, York.

FOR SATISFACTION GET YOUR

COAL AT

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NORTH STREET, YORK AND BOROUGHBRIDGE

COLLIERY AGENTS ANTHRACITE STOVE NUTS AND BEANS GRADED COLLIERY COKE NUTS

RIVER SAND LIME WHINSTONE GRAVEL GRADED PEBBLES Suitable for Garden Paths and Carriage Drives, Always in Stock.

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Racing

Turbospeed tyres

and

VER the past five years Avon has developed, in conjunction with Aston Martin, racing tyres which have made a great contribution to the outstanding performance of the D.B.R.1 and D.B.R.2 cars. From these racing tyres a range of road tyres for high-performance cars has been developed which has been named the Turbospeed, symbolic of modern developments in this field. In 1957 the racing public became more than ever aware of the requirements of racing tyres, for at least one race was lost by the inability of the tyres to withstand the power output of the car. Thus the first requirement of the racing tyre and most important from the point of view of safety is that it should never lose its tread when subjected to the highest speeds. When a tyre is run at a speed in excess of a certain critical velocity which is a characteristic of the particular tyre and its inflation pressure, a wave will be formed in the tread immediately where it leaves the road surface. This wave indicates that the tyre is consuming a

considerable amount of power which is converted into heat in the tyre and leads eventually to a breakdown in adhesion between the tread and casing. It is thus essential that the critical velocity should be sufficiently high so that maximum speed of the car cannot substantially exceed it. A most important requirement, particularly for short-circuit races, and probably the most difficult to perfect, is to have the highest ultimate cornering adhesion coupled with good handling characteristics so that this adhesion can be used. To have an adequate resistance to wear is an obvious essential requirement and finally the car designer needs to limit the size and weight of the tyres. Although these properties require conflicting features in the tyre it is not too difficult to settle on a reasonable compromise. The Avon racing tyre has a casing composed of 6 plies of cord which have the advantages of tremendous strength and lightness. The rubber sidewalls are no thicker than required to cover the cord. The casing has a squat shape, i.e., the tyre has a wide section compared to its height, and the cords cross over the crown of the tyre at an angle of 25°-30° to the circumference. These features have been proved by theory and experiment to be vitally necessary for a high critical wave velocity and for maximum cornering stability. The tread pattern consists of a mixture of a broad based rib with interconnected triangular studs which give stability in all directions and allow adequate drainage on wet tracks. The contour of the tread is almost flat to place the maximum area of rubber on the road surface. The tread compound is most important and the one used was arrived at after many hours'

testing on skid circles and on the Silverstone race track. At one stage in a lap time of about two minutes an improvement of four seconds was made merely by a change of tread compound. The final compound has the best wearing properties compatible with the needs of ultimate adhesion. That the design has fulfilled the requirements is best borne out by the 1957 wins at the gruelling Nurburgring 1,000 km. where, due to the good wearing properties of the tyres, only one change of rears was made; at Spa where the tyres gave the Aston Martin a trouble-free run at lap speeds up to 125 m.p.h. and at Silverstone where in the sports car race the winner demonstrated his confidence in the road-holding of the tyres, achieving the highest race average speed for a sports car race in Britain.

Section of AVON Turbospeed Road Tyre

Section of AVON Racing Tyre

The new Turbospeed tyre was designed taking the racing tyre as a starting point and modifying the design to meet the additional requirements of normal road use. A minor relaxation can be made in high-speed performance as the maximum sustained speeds on roads are normally lower than on the track. This enables a greater weight of tread to be used to improve mileage. The road tyre has to cope with a wider variety of road surfaces (race tracks rarely have very smooth surfaces which are so slippery in the wet) and must be quieter in running. To meet these two needs a well-slotted continuous rib design was evolved which preserves the basic pattern and flat tread contour of the racing tyre. When the tyre is under load, the ribs touch and support each other at intervals so improving the stability of the tread and damping out excessive squeal noise. The length of the features in the tread pattern is varied round the circumference of the tyre in accordance with the principles of frequency modulation in order to break up into a less recognisable noise any single whine note due to the regular impact of the pattern. The tread rubber is the same compound as that developed for the racing tyres. The casing is composed of high-strength cords which have excellent low growth properties and high resistance to fatigue. Due to the need for a compromise between comfort and high performance the cord crown angle is slightly higher at 32°-35°, i.e., halfway between racing tyres and normal road tyres. As success in racing leads to benefits in production components, the Avon Turbospeed tyre with its racing ancestry is a valuable contribution to better road holding and greater safety in highperformance cars.

THE AVON INDIA RUBBER COMPANY LTD., MELKSHAM, WILTS

FOR SATISFACTION GET YOUR

COAL AT

Blundy, Clark & Co. LTD.,

NORTH STREET, YORK AND BOROUGHBRIDGE

COLLIERY AGENTS ANTHRACITE STOVE NUTS AND BEANS GRADED COLLIERY COKE NUTS

RIVER SAND LIME WHINSTONE GRAVEL GRADED PEBBLES Suitable for Garden Paths and Carriage Drives, Always in Stock.

DEPOT FOR G. & T. EARLE'S PORTLAND CEMENT

Telephones: 2031 YORK and 62 BOROUGHBRIDGE

Feb 1957

Articles inside

Chess

The Junior School

Shooting

Dickensian Characters

The Young Farmers' Club

Scouting

1C.C.F. Notes

The Film Society

Valete and Salvete

The Science Society

The Library

The British Ship Adoption Society

The Debating Society

Ian Bytheway

The Music Society

Talking Point for 1957