Let girls be girls, not mothers! by Plan Nederland

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LET GIRLS BE GIRLS, NOT MOTHERS!

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Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; February 2013

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Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone – February 2013

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%6&=/66:8$ .+$ .2$ #2+.*/+#5$ +"/+$ Q?$ G.66.&)$ /5&6#29#)+2$ =#+1##)$ +"#$ /7#$ &,$ Q^$ /)5$ Q_$ 7.'#$ =.(+";$ I)9&3)+#5$ &+"#(2$ /(#$ #'#)$ :&3)7#($ 1"#)$ +"#:$ "/'#$ =/=.#2;$ L)$ /'#(/7#8$ &)#$ +".(5$ &,$ :&3)7$ 1&*#)$ .)$ 5#'#6&4.)7$ 9&3)+(.#2$ 7.'#$ =.(+"$ =#,&(#$ /7#$ R@$ ÌJZMK8$ R@QRa;$ W#7.&)/66:8$ /5&6#29#)+$ 9".65=#/(.)7$.2$*&2+$4(#'/6#)+$.)$-3=F-/"/(/)$K,(.9/;$G&(#$+"/)$^@A$&,$/5&6#29#)+$7.(62$7.'#$=.(+"$ =:$/7#$R@$`NXL$R@Q@a;$$ $ <)$-.#((/$0#&)#8$#/(6:$9".65=#/(.)7$/)5$+##)/7#$4(#7)/)9:$.2$&)#$&,$+"#$*&(#$4#('/2.'#$4(&=6#*2$ /,,#9+.)7$ +"#$ "#/6+"8$ 2&9./68$ #9&)&*.9$ /)5$ 4&6.+.9/6$ 4(&7(#22$ /)5$ #*4&1#(*#)+$ &,$ 1&*#)$ /)5$ 7.(62;$$ $ !"#$.223#$+&$/55(#22$.2$/6/(*.)7$/)5$.2$(#,6#9+#5$.)$+"#$,&66&1.)7$)/+.&)/6$2+/+.2+.92>$ 3.0 DETERMINANTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY • S?A$&,$/66$4(#7)/)9.#2$&993($/*&)72+$+##)/7#$7.(62$`-0YX-$R@@ba$ RcA$&,$1&*#)$/7#$Q^FQ_$"/'#$/6(#/5:$"/5$/$=.(+"$`G<C-$R@Q@a$ For• each of the proximate determinants identified in the theoretical framework, appropriate • ?@A$&,$*/+#()/6$5#/+"$&993($/2$/$(#236+$&,$+##)/7#$4(#7)/)9:$`G<C-$R@Q@a$ statistical indices have been computed from the 2008 SLDHS data, to determine the • !"#$3)+.*#6:$4(#7)/)9:$&,$:&3)7$7.(62$.2$(/)H#5$/2$+"#$+".(5$*&2+$9&**&)$(#/2&)$,&($+"#*$ incidence and prevalence of various population characteristics, and any relationships 5(&44.)7$&3+$&,$29"&&6$ÌJ<CTZ$R@@ba$ between them. In addition, data from FGDs have been examined to discover some of the• social, economic and cultural factors which provide possible explanations of these L)6:$bA$&,$+##)/7#$*&+"#(2$(#4&(+$+"/+$+"#.($,.(2+$4/(+)#($1/2$&,$+"#$2/*#$/7#$&($:&3)7#(8$ computed values. 1"#)$SÂ$.)5.9/+#$+"/+$+"#$4/(+)#($1/2$*&(#$+"/)$Q@$:#/($&65#($`-0YX-$R@@ba;$$ $ AGE AT FIRST BIRTH`dC".65(#)$ =#/(.)7$ C".65(#)e8$ R@Q@a$ +&$ /)/6:B#$ 5/+/$ ,(&*$ +"#$ K$3.1 2+35:8$ 9&**.22.&)#5$ =:$ IJZMK$ -0YX-$R@@b$(#'#/6#5$+"/+$+##)/7#$*&+"#(2$2+/(+$9".65$=#/(.)7$/+$'#(:$:&3)7$/7#28$/$,#1$/2$:&3)7$ /2$_$:#/(2;$<+$/62&$(#'#/6#5$+"/+$.)9.5#)9#$&,$+##)/7#$*&+"#("&&5$.2$".7"#($.)$(3(/6$6&9/6.+.#2$$ 3.1.1.LEVEL OF INCIDENCE $ !"#$G<C-$R@Q@$#2+.*/+#$&,$+"#$K5&6#29#)+$O.(+"$W/+#$.)$-.#((/$0#&)#$.2$QRR$=.(+"2$4#($Q@@@$1&*#)$ Amongst teenage mothers child bearing starts early. A few were mothers as young as 9 /7#5$ Q^FQ_$ 4#($ :#/(f$ +".2$ 9&*4/(#2$ 1.+"$ /)$ #2+.*/+#$ &,$ QR_$ .)$ N#2+$ /)5$ C#)+(/6$ K,(.9/$ `R@@@F years; 4.6 percent had a child when they were under 13 years, 10.9 percent at ages under R@@ba$/)5$QRS$.)$6#/2+$5#'#6&4#5$9&3)+(.#2$`!"#$-+/+#$&,$+"#$N&(65g2$C".65(#)$R@QQa;$ 14 years; and 69.0 percent at ages under 18 years (See Figure 1). $ FIGURE 1: TEENAGE MOTHERS BY AGE AT FIRST BIRTH Age of first birth 4.60%

10.90%

69.00%

31.00%

Under 13

Under 14

Under 18

18 to 19

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These reported ages at first birth have important legal and social implications. “The Prevention of Cruelty Children : Cap makes sexual intercourse with a/(#$ */h&($ K)/6:2.2$ &,$ =&+"$ -0YX-$toR@@b$ /)5$Act G<C-$ R@Q@$31” 2"&12$ +"/+$ 4&'#(+:$ /)5$ 6&1$illegal #539/+.&)$ girl aged under 13 years, or between ages 13 and 14 years, whether with or without her 9/32#2$ &,$ #/(6:$ 9".65=#/(.)7$ 4(#7)/)9:;$ M&'#(+:$ /)5$ 6&1$ #539/+.&)$ /(#$ *3+3/66:$ (#.),&(9.)7$ .)$ /$ consent. On the other hand, “The 2007 Child Rights Act” defines a child as “a person aged under 18 year”, and makes it illegal to marry her, whether she is willing or forced. Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone – February 2013 3.1.2.COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND OPINIONS OF EARLY AGE PREGNANCY

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" 5.#$+"/)$+"&2#$=&()$+&$&65#($1&*#);$d-+.66=.(+"2$/)5$5#/+"$.)$+"#$,.(2+$1##H$&,$6.,#$/(#$^@A$".7"#($ /*&)7$=/=.#2$=&()$+&$*&+"#(2$:&3)7#($+"/)$R@$:#/(2$+"/)$/*&)7$=/=.#2$=&()$+&$*&+"#(2$R@kR_$ :#/(2$&65;e$`NXL8$R@QRa;$ $ !##)/7#$4(#7)/)9:$.2$/62&$.5#)+.,.#5$/2$/$5#+#(*.)/)+$,&($29"&&6$5(&4F&3+$&,$7.(62;$<)$7#)#(/68$=&:2$ /)5$7.(62$"/'#$+"#$2/*#$9"/)9#2$&,$/99#22.)7$4(.*/(:$%(/5#$Q$=3+$5.24/(.+.#2$/44#/($.)$+"#$9&3(2#$ &,$29"&&6.)7$9/(##(28$.)$,/'&($&,$=&:2;$K+$+"#$#)5$&,$344#($2#9&)5/(:8$/99#22$(/+#2$/(#$#2+.*/+#5$/+$ SR$ 4#(9#)+$ ,&($ =&:2$ /7/.)2+$ h32+$ Q?$ 4#(9#)+$ ,&($ 7.(62;$ !"#$ 3)+.*#6:$ 4(#7)/)9:$ &,$ :&3)7$ 7.(62$ .2$ (/)H#5$ /2$ +"#$ +".(5$ *&2+$ 9&**&)$ (#/2&)$ ,&($ +"#*$ *;)5589?' )62' )1' =B3))7$ `IJ<CTZ$ R@@ba;$ G&(#&'#(8$+"#$".7"$(/+#$&,$+##)/7#$4(#7)/)9:8$=&+"$.)$4(.*/(:$/)5$2#9&)5/(:$29"&&68$"/2$"/5$/$ 5.29&3(/7.)7$ #,,#9+$ &)$ */):$ ,/*.6.#2$ 1"#)$ .+$ 9&*#2$ +&$ #539/+.&);$ Z&($ 4&&($ ,/*.6.#2$ 1"&$ /(#$ d+/H.)7$ /$ 9"/)9#e$ &)$ 2#)5.)7$ +"#.($ 7.(6$ 9".65$ +&$ 29"&&68$ +"#.($ 3)+.*#6:$ 4(#7)/)9:$ 6#5$ +&$ :&3)7#($ 2.=6.)72$=#.)7$5#).#5$/99#22$+&$29"&&6;$ $ <)F5#4+"$.)+#('.#12$`IJ<CTZ$R@Q@a$1.+"$+##)/7#$*&+"#(2$/)5$4(#7)/)+$+##)/7#(2$(#'#/6$/$,##6.)7$ &,$ 8=)7+28)98$ m=#.)7$ +(/44#5g$ /)5$ "#646#22)#22;$ !##)/7#$ *&+"#(2$ &($ 4(#7)/)+$ +##)/7#(2$ "/'#$ )&$ &)#$+&$+/6H$+&$/=&3+$1"/+$+"#:$/(#$7&.)7$+"(&37";$!"#(#$.2$'#(:$6.++6#$&($)&$42:9"&2&9./6$2344&(+$,&($ 4(#7)/)+$+##)/7#(2$53(.)7$+"#$4(#7)/)9:$&($/,+#($+"#$=.(+"$&,$+"#.($9".65;$T+")&7(/4".9$(#2#/(9"$ `N#22#62$R@QQa$".7"6.7"+$+"/+$7.(62$9&)2.2+#)+6:$.5#)+.,.#5$+"#$.)/=.6.+:$&,$/$4(#7)/)+$7.(6$&($:&3)7$ *&+"#($+&$9&)+.)3#$29"&&6$/2$&)#$&,$+"#$*&2+$"/(*,36$/)5$42:9"&6&7.9/66:$5.2+(#22.)7$/24#9+2$&,$ #/(6:$4(#7)/)9:;$!"#$2+(/.)$.)$+"#$(#6/+.&)2".4$1.+"$+"#.($4/(#)+`2a$53#$+&$3)+.*#6:$4(#7)/)9:8$+"#$ 5.22/+.2,/9+.&)$1.+"$+"#$/*&3)+$&,$#539/+.&)$+"#:$(#9#.'#58$/)5$+"#$.)/=.6.+:$+&$(#9#.'#$9&)2.2+#)+$ /)5$ E3/6.+:$ "#/6+"$ 9/(#$ /(#$ 2&*#$ &,$ +"#$ ,/9+&(2$ +"/+$ 9&)+(.=3+#$ +&$ +"#$ ,##6.)7$ &,$ 5#4(#22.&);$ T+")&7(/4".9$(#2#/(9"$`N#22#62$R@QQa$/62&$,&3)5$+"/+$#/(6:$+##)$4(#7)/)9:$&3+$&,$1#56&9H$1/2$/$ 2.7).,.9/)+$2&3(9#$&,$,/*.6:$5.29&(5$/)5$#'#)$'.&6#)9#;$!"#2#$5:)/*.92$"#.7"+#)$+"#$42:9"&2&9./6$ 5.2+(#22$+"/+$.2$9/32#5$=:$+##)/7#$4(#7)/)9:$&3+$&,$1#56&9H;$ $ !"#$.*4/9+2$&,$/5&6#29#)+$4(#7)/)9:$/(#$,#6+$,/($=#:&)5$+"#$1/662$&,$+"#$,/*.6:$"&*#;$<+$/62&$"/2$/$ 5#*&)2+(/=6#$ .*4/9+$ &)$ +"#$ =)B8+7' +9*' 4B)9)D8B' *4E47)5D492' )1' B)DD698284=' +9*' B)692;84=$ !"#$%&' ()*' "+),((#-./' 01123;$ K$ (#4&(+$ =:$ +"#$ N&(65$ O/)H$ ".7"6.7"+#5$ +"#$ 6.,#+.*#$ &44&(+3).+:$ 9&2+2$ &,$ /5&6#29#)+$ 4(#7)/)9:$ &)$ )/+.&)/6$ #9&)&*.#2;$ !"#:$ (/)7#5$ ,(&*$ QA$ &,$ 7(&22$ 5&*#2+.9$ 4(&539+$ `%YMa$ .)$ C".)/$ +&$ QRA$ .)$ <)5./8$ /)5$ S@A$ .)$ I7/)5/;$ <)$ <)5./8$ /5&6#29#)+$ 4(#7)/)9:$ 1/2$ #2+.*/+#5$+&$6#/5$+&$d&'#($nQ@@$=.66.&)$.)$6&2+$.)9&*#8$/)$/*&3)+$#E3.'/6#)+$+&$+1#)+:$:#/(2$&,$ +&+/6$"3*/).+/(./)$/22.2+/)9#$1&(65F1.5#e;$`45((6()'()*'4$))7),5(8/'011239$ $ G39"$ &,$ +".2$ .*4/9+$ .2$ 9"/))#6#5$ +"(&37"$ 7.(62g$ #539/+.&)f$ #/9"$ #D+(/$ :#/($ &,$ 29"&&6.)7$ /$ 7.(6$ (#9#.'#2$ .2$ #2+.*/+#5$ +&$ (/.2#$ "#($ .)9&*#$ =:$ Q@kR@A$ !:(-#7)+./' 011;38$ 1.+"$ (#+3()2$ &)$ 7.(62g$ #539/+.&)$=#.)7$38?34;' 23+9' 23)=4' )1' C),=;$!"#(#$.2$/$2+(&)7$#'.5#)9#$=/2#$5#*&)2+(/+.)7$+"/+$ H##4.)7$ 7.(62$ .)$ 29"&&6$ /)5$ 5#6/:.)7$ +"#.($ ,.(2+$ 4(#7)/)9:$ .2$ /$ 1.)k1.)$ 2.+3/+.&)8$ 1".9"$ "/2$ +"#$ 4&+#)+./6$+&$9/29/5#$+"(&37"$7#)#(/+.&)2;$$ $

Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; February 2013

" $ WHY INVEST IN GIRLS? There is clear and convincing evidence, amassed over the past two decades, that investing in girl-specific resources in the areas of education, health services, reproductive health, and financial literacy leads to better educated, safer, healthier, and economically powerful adolescent girls. This can contribute to a substantially better future not just for the individual girls, but also for their families, communities, and country. Every year of schooling increases a girlĘźs individual earning power by 10 to 20%, while the return on secondary education is even higher, in the 15 to 25% range. GirlsĘź education is proven to increase not only wage earners but also productivity for employers, yielding benefits for the community and society. Women who have control of their own income tend to have fewer children and fertility rates have shown to be inversely related to national income growth. Girls and young women delaying marriage and having fewer children means a bigger change of increasing per capita income, higher savings, and more rapid growth. When women and girls earn income, they reinvest 90% of it into their families. The impact of investing in girls is intergenerational. A mother with a few years of formal education is considerably more likely to send her children to school, breaking the intergenerational chain of poverty. In many countries each additional year of formal education completed by a mother translates into her children remaining in school for up to an additional one-half year. The choices and opportunities available to adolescent girls will determine in many respects the future of Sierra Leone: whether the cycle of poverty is broken in service of prosperity and security. Source: United Nations Foundation, 2012"

Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; February 2013

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Overall responsibility

H.E. The President

Policy guidance and Supervision

Multisectoral Coordination Committee

Multisectoral Technical Committee

Technical guidance, coordination and M&E

Integration of the Strategy into Ministries' programs

Ministry Focal Point

Secretariat of the Strategy

Ministry Focal Point

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