Mid term evaluation oct 2013 final

Project “Tourism and Child Protection” Mid-Term Evaluation

Consultants POLYANNA MAGALHÃES ANA SCHWARS

Recife, October 2013.

Contents 1. Executive Summary...................................................................................3 2. Introduction...............................................................................................6 4.................................................Purpose and Objectives of the Evaluation 10 5. Methodology............................................................................................11 6..Systematization and analysis of the evaluation results, according to the project’s objectives..................................................................................13 6.1. Results under the light of the logical framework.............................. 13 6.2. Results from the testimonials of the project’s subjects......................20 6.3. Some questions about the project’s management..............................40 7. Conclusions based on the parameters established for evaluation............42 8. Recommendations................................................................................... 44

1. Executive Summary The Project Tourism and Child Protection aims to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of public policies, focusing on tackling sexual violence against children and adolescents and striving for the guarantee of their rights in the Northeast of Brazil. It is developed in the municipality of Tibau do Sul, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and in the municipalities of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Barreiros, Ipojuca, Sirinhaém, São José da Coroa Grande, Rio Formoso and Tamandaré, in the State of Pernambuco.

The Project was born as an answer to the lack of articulation of civil society and governmental actions to tackle sexual exploitation against children and adolescents, which on one hand constitutes one of the most acute forms of violence against children, and on the other hand is classified by WLO as one of the worst forms of child labour. The fragmentation of actions in this area results in low-quality, inefficient public programs which contribute very little to address the causes of the problem, and could be listed as: a) negligence on the part of foreign agents when sending their citizens to touristic destinations, without a commitment to responsible practices of human rights; b) the vulnerability of children in developing countries, where due to the poor economic conditions of the families, children and adolescents are subjected to precarious jobs and the exploitation of their working force, including sexual exploitation, as a way to ensure the family’s survival; c) the lack of qualifications of professionals working in the System of Guarantee of Rights (SGR) and the lack of adequate working conditions so they can provide appropriate assistance to vulnerable children and ensure the correct operation of the social protection network; d) the lack of community mobilization, resulting in the unaccountability of governments, families, communities, businesspeople and society in general regarding child protection, since social pressure is crucial to ensure effective answers.

Aiming to change this reality, the project proposes actions to foster network articulation and intervention, involving families, schools, youths, public powers, companies and professionals of the System of Guarantee of Rights and the Touristic Sector. These actions are structured with strategic axes: • • • •

Community Mobilization; Formation and Monitoring of the System of Guarantee of Rights; Professional Formation of Youths; Formation and sensitization of the Touristic Sector.

By strengthening community mobilization regarding the problem, increasing the level of information of the subjects and their capacity of network actions, mainly children and adolescents, to ensure their self-protection and social protection; by increasing the working capacity of SGR with the improvement of public programs to tackle sexual exploitation of children and adolescents; by providing professional training to the youths, so they can enter the labour market in a positive way; and by committing the touristic business sector with the implementation of ethical conducts of child protection, we aim to foster economically and socially sustainable touristic practices, based on respect to human rights, especially children’s rights, reducing significantly the rates of sexual exploitation of children and youths.

From this perspective, we established as the direct target audience of the project 350 professionals of the System of Guarantee of Rights/SGR; 100 companies and 80

professionals that operate in the touristic sector; 550 youths attending professional formation courses; 80 adolescents to form leaderships/work as young mobilizers.

The project, initiated in 2011, is closing its first implementation phase, a moment chosen for the realization of the mid-term evaluation, with the purpose of analysing the adequacy of the strategies elaborated under the light of the first results. This should produce relevant information to guide the possible next steps of the project and overcome any difficulties found on the way.

Therefore, the General Objective for the Mid-Term Evaluation was established as: To determine the level of success reached with the realization of the activities developed by the project. To review and evaluate the strategies developed and to determine their relevance, effectiveness, impact and sustainability standards. To identify the critical factors that determined the level of performance reached through the activities developed, arriving to conclusions based on evidence, and recommendations that could be use to improve the strategies, effectiveness and results of the project’s interventions.

The evaluation, based on a participative methodological perspective, aimed to hear the opinions of the several segments involved in the project, as well as to do a detailed research and make a synthesis of the information contained in the project’s documents (narrative proposal, logical framework, reports, presentations, pedagogical and publicity materials), using as analysis criteria the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability, in conformity with the parameters described in the Terms of Reference.

58 people were heard in total, representing youths, the SGR, the touristic business sector, local public powers and community leaderships, among other social actors, in five municipalities participating in the project, on a sampling basis.

The results reached so far are very significant. About 113 youths from the eight municipalities involved in the project are acting as young mobilizers, developing training and informative processes with 7,500 youths of 17 schools, improving the conditions of selfprotection and social protection for children and adolescents, as well as establishing network actions stimulating these youths and their schools’ commitment with community development.

The SGR representatives had the opportunity of increasing their capacity of providing assistance in sexual exploitation cases, becoming able to make the necessary referrals. In addition, we should highlight the organization of Committees to Tackle Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents that, among other actions, are developing the Municipal Plans to Fight Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. These plans will guide public policies in the area for the next 10 years, becoming a State policy; they are less vulnerable to the changes in government and gain legal force to obtain public resources for their execution.

Regarding the youths’ professional formation, we have observed two immediate results.

Firstly, the possibility that they will enter the labour market with basic professional formation, providing them with opportunities to continue their training and improve their working abilities, and consequently achieving social mobility. 176 youths have been trained so far. Secondly, the corporate sector and professional training actions are strengthening their bonds through the process of mediation of working force realized by the project. The businesspeople have made the commitment to offer job opportunities to these youths, and this

means the first job opportunity for many of them. We should highlight that 69% of the youths who participated in the training sessions were absorbed by the labour market.

Finally, we should emphasize one of the most relevant results of the project: the endorsement of 248 companies and 18 associations of the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children and Adolescents against Sexual Exploitation in Tourism, signed by tourism-related companies (hotels, hostels, bars and restaurants), which has already been producing changes in the companies’ practices and procedures, aiming for child protection.

Highlighting the good results achieved so far, it is imperative to say that there is much to be done yet. The young mobilizers have shown the need of more support to improve their capacities in terms of peer education (multiplication). The SGR professionals, in spite of having participated actively in the project, still face precarious working conditions and low technical capacity, which often generates demobilization. Therefore, the conclusion of the municipal plans to fight sexual exploitation could constitute a mobilization element, both for the execution of intersectoral practices and for the agglutination of several segments. This is why it is crucial to provide technical and political support for the conclusion, approval, implementation and monitoring of the plans, as a way to ensure the sustainability of the project. Regarding the youths’ professional formation, it is important to diversify the offer of courses and improve their technical quality so that the youths can advance in their formation, be absorbed in activities involving the qualifications obtained and build a professional curriculum in their area of choice. It is also necessary to observe the extent to which their absorption by the labour market, promoted by the project, has been minimally stable, and which actions could be implemented to ensure the desired stability. Regarding the corporate sector, it is imperative to implement a monitoring system for the enforcement of the practice of the Code of Conduct and continue with active efforts for new endorsements.

When a project generates new challenges during its execution, and takes these into consideration in its action plan, articulating them with its objectives, this is an important sign that it is a living, active project that learns from its own practices and from the interlocution with the social subjects involved. The Project Tourism and Child Protection has this characteristic, and counts today with a wide range of successful methodologies and practices with a strong replication capacity.

Advancing with these initiatives during the final stage of the project will certainly result in the concretization of the objectives established.

Therefore, the mid-term evaluation aims to be a contribution to strengthen the ongoing actions, shedding light on ways that could potentialize the project’s success in its entirety.

2. Introduction “Violence against children is a world-scale problem. Even when we consider the efforts made in many countries, the violence rates do not show substantial changes which allow us to think about the eradication of this phenomenon. Due to this fact, the World Health Organization has declared that fighting against childhood diseases, but allowing children to fall victims of violence, constitutes a failure of public health, and this is the reason of a world call to put into practice actions that change the current situation faced by millions of children, fighting the causes of violence and taking measures for its prevention”.1 The Brazilian context The phenomenon of child maltreatment is generalized all over the world. In recent reports, we can observe a constant preoccupation of many countries with obtaining appropriate strategies for intervention, as well as preventing violence against children in its different forms of manifestation. Generally all over the world, and particularly in Latin America, the situation of children is of high risk, due to all sorts of maltreatment they are exposed to and the conflict contexts they live in.

In their different occurrences, sexual abuse and exploitation are considered forms of maltreatment against children. This status is reinforced because sexual abuse and exploitation of children are serious violations of children’s rights, since they interfere negatively with the development of boys and girls, reducing the possibilities of a good quality of life and creating a maladjustment that could affect their development and wellbeing for the rest of their lives.

Sexual abuse and exploitation of children is an international phenomenon present in almost all cultures. A report of the World Health Organization on Violence and Health (2002) had already declared that approximately twenty five per cent of women and between five and ten per cent of men suffered sexual abuse during childhood, and 25 to 50% of children of both sexes complained of physical maltreatment 2. Studies made all over the world seem to confirm these data, and some present higher numbers. The most serious thing is that according to the United Nations, millions of boys and girls are exploited by the sex industry every year.

The involvement of children and adolescents in “commercial sex” constitutes one of the most permissive and common forms of violence in Brazil. According to data published by the Federal Government3, denouncements of sexual commercial exploitation of children occur in 2,798 Brazilian municipalities. The Northeast Region has the highest number of municipalities where such cases are denounced (34%), followed by the Southeast (30%), South (18%), Midwest (10%) and North (8%) Regions.

1

Study of the United Nations about Violence against Children. Current state of sexual abuse and exploitation of boys, girls and adolescents: the cases of Brazil and Colombia. Final technical report. 2005/2006.

2 The most recent data reaffirm the same percentage – WHO, descriptive note nº150. 2010.

3 SEDH, September 2011.

In Brazil, we know from one of the most reliable official sources – Dial 100 – that reports of physical and sexual violence are the most frequent ones at their Call Center.

Between 2003 and June 2010, for instance, over 37% of the denouncements were of physical violence, and 28% of sexual violence, followed by negligence and psychological violence. In 2011, 27% of the cases registered were of sexual exploitation, and 72% were of sexual abuse. According to the program data, in Brazil, the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents occurs in beach areas, at State and international borders, and in areas with an intense movement of people, such as in big capitals4.

The SINAN5 2011 also registered cases of sexual exploitation – conceptualized as the sexual use of children and adolescents with commercial, profit purposes, forcing them to have sexual relations with adults or older adolescents – and child pornography – presenting, producing, selling, supplying, promoting and publishing, through any communication media, including the World Wide Web (Internet), pictures of images of pornographic nature or displaying scenes of explicit sex involving children or adolescents. The first case represents 4.1% of the denouncements, and the second case, 2.7%. In both cases, the most frequent victims are children and adolescents aged 5-14.

Source: Dial and Denounce Report, 2011.

Translation of the table contents Total of Violence Types Registered per Federation Unit (UF), Region in 2011 (jan/mar) UF/Region Sexual Exploitation Negligence Pornography Children and Adolescents’ Trafficking Physical/Psychological Violence Sexual Abuse Total Northeast Region

Pernambuco Over 4,600 cases of crimes of violence against children and adolescents are registered every year in Pernambuco. From this total, 13.3% of the cases are of sexual nature. In Recife and its Metropolitan Area, the Police Bureau for Children and Adolescents (GPCA) has registered 2,504 cases of sexual violence over the last five years (2008 to July, 2012). At the Regional CREAS (Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers), 42% of the cases registered in 2010 were of violence against children and adolescents. In 2011, 442 cases were registered involving violations of children and adolescents’ rights.

4

Data about cases of exploitation in Brazil – Special Secretariat of Human Rights of the Presidency of the Republic (SEDH), Dial 100, 2011.

5 SINAN – Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration.

In 2012, the Regional CREAS registered until the month of April 68 cases of sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents. In 40.06% of the cases, the victims declared that the father was the aggressor, and in 38.21%, they accused the mother.

Pernambuco counts with a well-structured system of guarantee of rights for children and adolescents, formed by 203 Custody Councils and 184 Municipal Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, besides the State Council, and all of these bodies are included in a permanent formation plan. In spite of this, we have observed a low capacity of providing assistance to cases of sexual exploitation. It is important to know that underreporting makes the identification of the most vulnerable children considerably more difficult. In this sense, it is worth highlighting the importance of some articulated work between rights and custody councils and the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) and the Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers (CREAS), to offer specialized assistance in networks for children, adolescents and families in a situation of sexual violence, and to strengthen the familial and affective bonds of children and adolescents with a sexual violence history. This articulation, although being an objective yet to be concretized, seems to be urgent to tackle sexual violence and exploitation against children and youths.

Rio Grande do Norte The scenario in Rio Grande do Norte shows us an equally worrying situation. The Specialized Police Bureau for the Assistance to Children and Adolescents in Rio Grande do Norte (DCA) registers an average of 10 cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents every month in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Between January and March of the current year (2013), there were 28 cases. At the Police Technical-Scientific Institute (Itep), the number of cases of sexual violence registered is more expressive.

The expert reports sector performed 162 exams of carnal conjunction between January and May in children and adolescents who were suspected victims of abuse.

The municipality of Tibau do Sul is a strong touristic center in Rio Grande do Norte, with 100% of occupation of hotel/hostel accommodation throughout the year. It does not count yet with a system of registration and compilation of data about the violence suffered by children and adolescents. Besides sexual violence, there are many cases of teenage pregnancy, drug abuse and HIV infection. The municipality has nine districts, 11 thousand inhabitants and 12 schools, as well as two annexes. Due to the inexistence of the CREAS, the CRAS end up with the responsibility of meeting most of the demand, overloading the teams and being unable to ensure satisfactory monitoring.

It is within this context that the project Tourism and Child Protection is developed, aiming to change this reality of violation of children’s rights and strengthening network actions where the government, businesspeople and community can assume the management of the local development project, putting children and adolescents at the center of the work. To achieve that, tourism, the main source of income in the regions benefitted by the project, needs to cease to be predatory – causing a situation of sexual abuse and exploitation of children – and become sustainable, so that everyone can enjoy social protection and well-being.

Having this purpose clear and considering that the project is reaching its mid-term, it is crucial to reflect about the advancements and challenges presented for the next period of the project. This is why the mid-term evaluation is a timely opportunity for a political-

strategic reflection about the project’s effectiveness and results in medium term, aiming to guide more efficient actions in the future and strengthen those that have been successfully implemented.

We understand that the evaluation is a fundamental element for the institutional management, since it offers the necessary information and data for the reaffirmation of strategies and/or the redefinition of paths, in the sense of achieving the proposed objectives. This is why the evaluation always generates some learning, from which it is possible to highlight lessons learned and proposals to improve ongoing actions.

So, to evaluate the results of the project so far, we aimed to review the project’s development path, by reading documents and listening to all subjects involved in this initiative: adolescents, youths, technical teams of consultants directly involved, educators, coordination, maintainers and partners.

Everyone’s point of view was fundamental to reveal the results, as well as to identify advancements and challenges of an innovative action that has been improving through lessons learned and good practices, and that has a lot to share with other initiatives in the area of sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents, especially in the touristic sector.

In the course of our evaluation, we have met a committed team which searches for ways of adapting to the new realities and challenges of the municipalities where they work, facing the overwhelming movement of economic growth, especially in the South coast of Pernambuco, resulting from mega-enterprises – most of them ignoring the sustainable development trend.

We hope that the reflections and proposals presented in this document will contribute effectively to the Project Tourism and Child Protection, strengthening this important initiative for the adolescents and youths in the participating municipalities.

4. Purpose and Objectives of the Evaluation For the Mid-Term Evaluation of the project, the following General Objective was established: To determine the level of success reached with the realization of the activities developed by the project. To review and evaluate the strategies developed and to determine their relevance, effectiveness, impact and sustainability standards. To identify the critical factors that determined the level of performance reached through the activities developed, arriving to conclusions based on evidence, and recommendations that could be use to improve the strategies, effectiveness and results of the project’s interventions.

Specific Objectives: • To conduct a survey about and a systematization of the activities developed in the project, comparing them to what is established in the Logical Framework until the present moment.

• To determine the perception about the work developed by the project, from the perspective of the main groups and social actors with whom we develop our activities: adolescents and youths, government and civil society partners and representative of the accommodation sector.

• To determine if the objectives (general and specific) of projects and programmes were achieved.

• To determine of the expected results have been achieved in the project.

• To verify the reach of the work developed, based on Plan’s organizational principles of Child and Adolescent-Centered Community Development (CACCD): (a) the children at the center of all programs executed by Plan; (b) guided by Human Rights principles and norms; (c) responsibility and accountability; (d) inclusion and nondiscrimination; (e) gender equality; (f) participation.

• To determine the adequacy (or not) of processes and activities used for the realization of projects/programmes and their influence on achieving (or not) the main objectives and results.

• To identify and establish lessons learned and recommendations, so that Plan Brazil can improve its intervention capacity, effectiveness and impact on the work developed in the project’s areas of intervention.

The project’s evaluation will be based on the criteria also described in the Terms of Reference: a.

Relevance – The evaluation must include a general view of the context in which the projects were developed – that is, to monitor the assumptions included in the proposal, including an update on the context analysis of the regions where the project is being developed. b.

Efficiency analysis – The evaluation must include an analysis of the costs involved in reaching the project’s results efficiently. Such analysis must determine how efficient the project has been in terms of effects and results generated during the intervention period.

c.

Effectiveness analysis – must take into consideration the progress and achievement of targets and the adequacy of the strategies implemented. The evaluation must give more emphasis to the qualitative aspects, to identify the changes generated in the populations reached by the projects, especially regarding their capacity of social inclusion. d.

Sustainability – To identify the most important reasons that determined the results and effects of the activities developed by the projects and make recommendations about what is necessary to improve future interventions in terms of technical and administrative aspects. To determine if there were changes in the youths who participated in the projects, according to their own perceptions, regarding improvements in their autonomy, self-esteem, self-perception and the perception of the communities about them.

5. Methodology The methodology, guided by a perspective of participative evaluation, where all subjects involved in the project are called to express their views about the process and the results achieved, included a documental analysis developed throughout the evaluation process and the realization of interviews and focus groups.

For the analysis of the collected data, we used the method of evaluation by triangulation, which involves the crossing of multiple points of view, allowing for interaction, critical analysis and comparison of different perspectives.

We also tried to establish interactions between the subjective data (meanings, intentions, interactions, participation) and the objective data (indicators, statistical data and other types of information), understanding both as inseparable and interdependent.

Two case studies were realized, as requested in the Terms of Reference, focusing on life stories and looking for evidence that indicates the changes provoked through the participation in the project.

The evaluation text was elaborated building a synthesis of the results and organizing a set of recommendations that allow for the definition of the project’s results and dissemination of lessons learned.

The documental analysis involved reading, collecting and systematizing data included in the main documents of the project: • • • • • •

Project Tourism and Child Protection.

Logical Framework.

Mapping of the touristic enterprises.

Technical Reports of 2012 Technical Report of 2013 Presentation to COP 2013

Besides the aforementioned documents, we consulted official sources that provide contextualized data, enabling the widening and crossing of information. From the analysis of this material, we listed the first qualitative and quantitative results; these were checked and complemented with the interviews and focus groups realized during the field visits.

The field visits took place in the period between September and October of 2013, when we met the main social actors and observed the context of the municipalities assisted by the project. During this period, 8 interviews were carried out, based on semi-structured scripts, Besides the interviews, 9 focus groups were realized with the accommodation sector, SGR representatives, Young Mobilizers groups and Youth Groups going through professional training, as well as representatives of the public powers. 58 people were heard in total. The focus groups allowed for the collection of data through group interactions, with discussions about specific topics suggested by the consultants, characterized as a process of construction of perceptions, attitudes and social representations of the groups benefitted with the project.

Project Subjects Members of the coordination teams Consultants/educators Young Mobilizers

Youths participating in the Professional Training SGR Representatives Touristic Sector Representatives Strategic Partner (public power or civil society) Total

Quantity of people heard 1 PLAN (interviews) 2 Childhood (interviews) 4 Childhood (focus group) 1 Plan 7 youths (focus group Ipojuca) 3 youths (focus group São José) 5 youths (focus group Tamandaré) 7 representatives (focus group Tamandaré) 3 representatives (focus 1 representatives in Tamandaré (interview) 2 representatives in Ipojuca 1 representative in Tamandaré (interview) 1 representative in São José (interview) 1 representative in Cabo (interview) 58

The interviews and focus groups were recorded with the participants’ permission, with the guarantee of anonymity, to enable the freedom of expression, opinion, criticism, etc.

All materials collected were analysed, systematized and organized, taking into consideration the action axes of the project and the analysis parameters proposed in the evaluation.

Based on this set of information, it was possible to identify the opinions of several segments participating in the project regarding the main results of the action, offering fundamental input for the elaboration of the recommendations presented in this document.

6. Systematization and analysis of the evaluation results, according to the project’s objectives 6.1. Results under the light of the logical framework The logical framework has constituted an important tool for planning and monitoring projects, since it helps to organize in a logical manner the objectives, results, activities and indicators. By opting to use the logical framework, the project aims for a results-based management.

With the perspective of making these results evident, we will present below a synthesis of the main findings of the evaluation, based on the targets established in the logical framework.

Before that, it is crucial to highlight that for educators, using the logical framework to monitor the project’s indicators is a recent approach. The educators used to be informed about the targets to reach, but until very recently, they did not know the document as a whole.

Maybe this fact could explain some inconsistencies found in the documents of the project (narrative project, logical framework and reports): • The number of project beneficiaries in relation to the four objectives/results does not match the data in the documents previously cited.

• Each document presents an order of objectives and results, which makes the logical reading of actions difficult.

• The text of the objectives and results was altered from one document to the other, which could be observed when we compared the project, logical framework and reports.

• The activities were described in a very generic manner, making the comparison between what was planned and what was done impossible.

• The indicators are weak; some are indicators of processes and not of results, and others lack a description of their meaning – that is, they need to be qualified.

Aiming to give coherence to the information found in the documents for data collection, we chose the following procedures: 1. For the general objective, the specific objectives and the results, we used the text of the quarterly reports, since they were the only texts where some regularity was maintained.

2. We also used the targets which were constant in the reports, for their regularity.

3. We maintained the indicators from the original logical framework.

4. We described the activities realized per year and per axis, without including the activities of 2011, once we did not have access to this year’s reports.

Even considering this initiative of reorganization of the logical framework, it is recommendable to make a review of the document with the participation of the team of educators. This review must be made under the light of the current data about the project’s context, to confirm the data collected and to solve the weaknesses. It must be submitted to the donor for approval, in the sense of formalizing the new version as a document from which the impacts will be verified at the end of the project cycle.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT TOURISM AND CHILD PROTECTION General Objective

Indicators of objectively verifiable results

Contributing to the implementation and strengthening of public policies, focused on tackling sexual violence against children and adolescents and aiming to ensure their rights in the Northeast of Brazil.

Specific Objectives

70-80% of girls and boys participating in the project improving their awareness and knowledge about sexual exploitation.

Results achieved

Indicators of objectively verifiable results

Results achieved in October 2013

7,500 children and adolescents in 8 municipalities show a significantly higher capacity of self-protection.

- 72 youths in 7 municipalities in the South coast of Pernambuco participated in the formation of leaderships, later developing formation activities in schools, where 7,500 people were directly sensitized and 10,000 were indirectly sensitized about the importance of tackling sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the context of tourism.

In Tibau do Sul, the formation of the youths started in May, so the mobilization actions led by them are only beginning. 29 youths are currently participating in the activities.

2. Strengthening the System of Guarantee of Rights so it can answer efficiently and effectively to the demands in relation to the assistance of victims or children and adolescents facing the risk of sexual violence.

8 municipalities (1 in Rio Grande do Norte and 7 in Pernambuco) have the System of Protection of Children and Adolescents operating (well).

- The System of Guarantee of Rights of 7 municipalities in the South coast is sensitized about the importance of prioritizing the theme of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the context of tourism.

3. Increasing job opportunities for youths in the formal sector with special focus in the touristic sector.

550 girls and boys in 7 municipalities finishing a professional training successfully and at least half of them obtaining a formal, stable job.

104 youths finishing professional training courses, with 69% absorbed by the labour market.

1 00 hotels, bars, restaurants and other touristic establishments in the Northeast of Brazil with a Code of Conduct implemented and monitoring the compliance with the Code.

195 companies and 18 associations operating in the touristic sector signed the Code of Conduct.

1. Strengthening the selfprotection of children, adolescents and parents to tackle sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism.

4. Increasing sustainability and social responsibility in the Brazilian tourism industry, with special focus on the responsibility for tackling sexual violence against children and adolescents.

Expected results

1. Children, adolescents and their parents/guardians are trained, aiming for their awareness and empowerment, and able to recognize and take action regarding sexual exploitation.

2. Institutions and professionals of the System of Guarantee of Rights in 8 municipalities of the Northeast trained, working in networks and participating in the construction/review of the Municipal Plans to Fight Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents.

Indicators of objectively verifiable results

Results achieved in October 2013

80 girls and boys trained as multiplication agents.

- 07 municipalities of the South coast

2.1. 8 municipalities (1 in Rio Grande do Norte and 7 in Pernambuco) have the System of Protection operating (well).

region of Pernambuco and 01 municipality in Rio Grande do Norte involved ; - 72 youths in Pernambuco in the formation of leaderships, all graduating; and 29 in Rio Grande do Norte participating in the formation of leaderships.

- 21 public schools involved in community mobilization actions; - Public actions realized by the youths (lectures in public and private schools in the rural and urban areas of the municipalities, communities’ health centers and churches, for children and youths in the Program of Eradication of Child Labour – PETI, etc.); - Articulation, partnership and support of municipal public powers regarding the actions of Young Mobilizers groups; - Participation of the Young Mobilizers groups in monitoring meetings of the local SGR; - Participation of the Young Mobilizers group in Ipojuca/ Camela in seminars and public hearings.

2.1. Constitution of 7 Management Committees to Fight Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents.

- Signature of a regional pact to fight Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescent by 7 mayors.

- Constitution of the Inter-Institutional Management Committee, with 80% of the Municipal Plan to Fight Sexual Violence in Tibau do Sul elaborated.

- Establishment of a partnership between the Custody Council of Cabo de Santo Agostinho and the Municipal Secretariat of Education/ Teaching Management to realize activities in the schools about the roles and attributions of the Custody Council, with the participation of Young Mobilizers.

- Legitimating the Management Committee for the actions in São

JosĂŠ da Coroa Grande, through a Municipal Decree.

- Direct influence over the priorities

2.2. 350 professionals in the area of child and adolescent protection with better capacity to meet the demands of the victims of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (in tourism).

3. Youths participating in the project with appropriate skills to find jobs in the tourism industry.

4. Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children and Adolescents against Sexual Exploitation in Tourism signed by the key actors in the Brazilian tourism industry.

550 boys and girls in 8 municipalities trained, and at least half of them finding a formal, stable job

4.1. 100 companies operating in the tourism sector signed the Code of Conduct.

of the investments of the State Fund for the Rights of Children and Adolescents of Rio Grande do Norte, including the municipality of Tibau do Sul, to finance projects for the World Cup 2014.

2.2. 45 professionals of the SGR in Cabo trained, and 350 people participating in the seminar about the strengthening of protection networks.

- 104 youths finishing professional formation courses; graduation ceremony realized with the presence of over 400 people (2012); - 69.23% of the youths who graduated are absorbed by the labour market in the municipalities of Tamandaré, Sirinhaém and S. J. da Coroa Grande; - 47 youths finishing the courses of waiter, baker and confectioner, and socio-environmental development agent, in Rio Formoso, in 2013; - Absorption of the youths by the labour market in the municipalities of Tamandaré, Sirinhaém, S. J. da Coroa Grande, Ipojuca and Maragogi (AL) from 05 ‘show classes’ realized by the youths involving touristic sector businesspeople (2012-2013); - Participation of the youths in the courses of socio-environmental development agents in an event realized at the Atlântico Sul Shipyard – Port of Suape.

- 235 companies and 18 associations operating in the touristic sector signed the Code of Conduct: 195 companies and 18 associations in the South coast of Pernambuco and 40 companies in Tibau do Sul/Rio Grande do Norte.

- 07 Seminars realized, with the participation of 259 employees of the touristic sector and the Secretariats of Tourism of the South coast of Pernambuco.

- Map of the operational structure of companies in the South coast delivered to the Secretariats of Tourism of the 7 municipalities participating in the project.

- Touristic Inventory realized by the Secretariats of Tourism in the South coast of Pernambuco, updated with the

map and identifying new touristic facilities.

4.2. 80 professionals of the touristic sector participated in formation sessions, implementing new learnings in their practice.

4.2. - 452 employees of companies in the touristic sector participating in formation courses about child protection in tourism: 250 in Tibau do Sul and 202 in the South coast of Pernambuco.

Activities Result 1: Children, adolescents and their parents/guardians trained, aiming for their awareness and empowerment, and able to recognize and take action regarding sexual exploitation.

Activities planned in the logical framework 1.1 Mobilize governmental organizations, NGOs and community organizations 1.1.1 Develop commercials for radio and TV, aiming for sensitization and awareness 1.1.2 Implement 2-3 campaigns at community level every year 1.1.3 An integrated campaign of sensitization/ awareness during the World Cup year (2014) 1.2 Develop appropriate didactic materials for different ages, adapted to the local culture 1.2.1 Develop and distribute educative materials 1.2.2 Form 240 trainers for sensitization and discussion of the theme sexual exploitation in the 8 communities 1.3 Facilitate socioeducative workshops 1.3.1 Facilitate weekly workshops with children and adolescents 1.3.2 Facilitate monthly workshops with parents

Activities realized Presential Seminar, Module 1, with the participation of 60 adolescents and 06 teachers (32h) – Olinda/PE (2012).

Participation of 124 adolescents in the May 18 Walk – Fighting Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (2012) 5th Meeting of Young Mobilizers in Formoso, with the participation of 58 adolescents and 05 teachers (2012).

06 Regional Meetings of Young Mobilizers in 07 municipalities (itinerant event) (2012).

05 meetings with reference teachers designated by the schools for the monitoring of young mobilizers in the process of formation.

32 monitoring meetings between the technical team and the young mobilizers (2012) Public sensitization actions realized by the young mobilizers (distribution of flyers, Solidary Christmas, visits to organizations that provide assistance to children, dialogue circles with the SGR and managers of the touristic sector) (2012).

Creation of a blog by youths in Barreiros and use of Facebook for the external and internal divulgation of the actions realized by the youths in Cabo. Interviews in Community Radio Stations (2012).

1 Regional Seminar of Youths (32h) – Aldeia/PE, with the participation of 67 youths and 4 teachers – conclusion of the formation course (2013).

2 Regional meetings of youths involving the 7 municipalities (2013).

Participation of 28 youths in the Seminar of the National Alliance of Adolescents (2013).

24 monitoring meetings between technical teams and youths (2013) Production and distribution of appropriate educative materials for different ages, culturally sensitive to the themes under study (2

DVD with supporting texts; Powerpoint presentations and videos about sexual violence).

08 visits to the schools in the municipalities of Ipojuca, Sirinhaém, Tamandaré and Barreiros (2013).

07 meetings with the youths’ families (2013).

Public sensitization actions realized by the young mobilizers (interviews, lectures, articulations with the public powers, door-tdoor actions in the communities, public mobilization on the beach, Woman’s Day activity) (2013).

02 meetings with Plan’s communications teams.

01 Campaign for the prevention of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (VTs and Spots).

Activities Result 2: Institutions and professionals of the System of Guarantee of Rights in 8 municipalities of the Northeast trained, working in networks and participating in the construction/ review of the Municipal Plans to Fight Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents.

Activities planned in the logical framework 2.1 Formation/Training on tackling sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism 2.1.1 Hiring of a specialized team of 5 professionals to provide the training sessions 2.1.2 Development of a specific training module 2.2 Train professionals of organizations in the area of child and adolescent protection 2.2.1 Train 350 professionals in the communities participating in the Project

Activities realized 45 professionals in the System of Guarantee of Rights participated in a Training Course on the Prevention and Integral Attention to Situations of Sexual and Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents – Cabo (2012).

350 people participated in the seminar “Strengthening of protection networks to fight sexual and domestic violence against children and adolescents” in Sirinhaém (2012).

05 municipalities signed the “Regional Pact to Fight Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents in the South coast of Pernambuco” (2012).

7 Management Committees formed by participants in the project’s courses, responsible for the realization, monitoring and evaluation of the actions prioritized in the matrix of proposals elaborated during the formation courses (2012).

11 articulation meetings with the Municipal Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents and the Municipal Secretariats of Social Assistance (2012).

09 monitoring meetings with the Local Committee for the elaboration/review of the Municipal Plan to Fight Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents; inclusion of a budgetary plan for actions to prevent violence and integrate child attention services (2012).

01 theme-based meeting with the SGR in Ipojuca (2012).

03 dialogue circles in three municipalities to understand the theme of sexual exploitation and elaborate collective strategies of child protection (2012).

Meeting with the new public administrators of seven municipalities to present the project again and establish pacts (2013).

01 Seminar about “Network Actions to Fight Sexual Exploitation

of Children and Adolescents” in Tibau do Sul, involving the SGR and young mobilizers (2013).

02 articulation meetings with the SGR and public administrators in Tibau do Sul (2013).

05 meetings with the SGR for the elaboration of the Municipal Plan to Fight Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents (Tibau do Sul, São José and Barreiros) (2013).

03 dialogue circles involving representatives of public powers, civil society and counsellors to define intersectoral actions to fight sexual violence (São José da Coroa Grande and Cabo de Santo Agostinho) (2013).

Activities Result 3: Youths participating in the project with appropriate skills to find jobs in the tourism industry.

Activities planned in the logical framework 3.1 Professional training for 550 youths 3.1.1 Identification of the job demands in local touristic areas and promotion of a promover um professional training program with local partners

Activities realized Partnership with SENAC for the realization of professional courses (2012).

Realization of 06 courses (tourism driver, baker and confectioner, waiter and kitchen assistant), training 104 youths aged 16-26 in the municipalities of São José da Coroa Grande, Tamandaré and Sirinhaém (2012).

3.1.2. Develop and distribute materials for training sessions 3.1.3. Develop specific educative materials 3.1.4 Select and train the youths 3.1.5 Official graduation ceremony

39 youths absorbed by the labour market (2012).

3.2 Professional trainee programs offered by hotels, erecidos bars and restaurants; absorption by the formal labour market 3.2.1 Promote Corporate Social Responsibility in general and the implementation of the Code, particularly in hotels, bars and restaurants

Realization of 03 courses (baker and confectioner, waiter and environmental development agent) for 72 youths aged 16 – 26, in the municipality of Rio Formoso (2012-2013).

3.2.2 Select partner companies ionar as empresas 3.2.3 Train the employees of hotels/hostels

02 meetings with the young graduates (2013).

3.2.4 Technical assistance and support during the period of supervised classes.

01 supervised practice with youths of Sirinhaém, for 200 youths (2012).

Meeting with the families realized in each municipality (2012).

Realization of 03 “show classes” (2012).

03 technical alignment meetings with SENAC (2013).

01 meeting with youths and families (2013).

01 expanded meeting with the youths participating in the training sessions to evaluate the process (2013).

Realization of 03 “show classes” (2013) Participation of the youths in the course of Socio-Environmental Development Agent in the Atlântico Sul Shipyard (2013).

02 dialogue circles with young mobilizers and youths participating in professional training courses in Barreiros (2013).

01 community therapy circle (2013).

Survey about the demand for job positions conducted in Barreiros,

mapping the working force needs and guiding the choices of courses to be developed in the municipalities; supermarket cashiers, administrative assistants, sellers and logistics agents (2013).

Meeting with the touristic sector in Ipojuca and Tamandaré to survey the main demands for job positions. Ipojuca: receptionists and chambermaids. Tamandaré: kitchen assistants, waiters and supermarket cashiers (2013).

Activities Result 4: Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children and Adolescents against Sexual Exploitation in Tourism signed by the key actors in the Brazilian tourism industry.

Activities planned in the logical framework 4.1 Train the managers and employees of hotels and hostels about the Code 4.1.1 Provide information about the Code to the communities participating in the Project 4.1.2 Provide support to at least 330 establishments to sign and implement the Code 4.1.3 Intensive training for at least 60 establishments about the implementation of the Code

Activities realized Map of the operational structure of companies in the South coast delivered to the Secretariats of Tourism of the 7 municipalities participating in the project. 260 companies in the touristic sector were mapped: 118 in the accommodation sector and 148 bars and restaurants (2012).

Meetings with the Secretariats of Tourism of the municipalities participating in the project to establish pacts and public commitments to protect the children from sexual exploitation (2012).

3

Formation courses for employees of the companies operating in the touristic destinations, training 145 professionals of 37 companies (2012).

Articulation of the touristic sector with the professional formation of

4.2 Develop specific training youths to survey the demand for professionals for the labour market and materials for the touristic mediation of working force (2012). sector 4.2.1 Develop information and 4 Formation courses for employees of the companies operating in the data sheets about the Code of touristic destinations, training 118 professionals of 92 companies (2013).

Conduct Mobilization for the signature of the Code of Conduct by the 4.2.2 Develop specific companies of the touristic sector in the municipalities participating in training materials the project (2012-2013).

4.2.3 Systematize “good and best practices” and publish a Production of specific training materials to address sexual exploitation guidebook for the touristic of children: 01 Code of Ethical Conduct to Protect Children and sector Adolescents in the State of Pernambuco (3000 copies printed); 01 curriculum matrix, methodology and reference Powerpoint produced for training sessions with the touristic sector; 01 publication called “Guidebook to good practices: Promotion of Tourism and Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents” (1000 copies printed) (2013).

6.2. Results from the testimonials of the project’s subjects The perception of the project’s subjects of the actions realized and results achieved shows that tackling sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the context of tourism is a relevant theme for the region. Firstly, because of the lack of knowledge about sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, as well as its causes and effects; secondly, due to the lack of understanding that child and adolescent protection involves everyone – government, civil society and companies, so that only integrated actions will be able to change the worrying scenario of violation of rights present in the touristic environment.

The project’s structure aimed to foster the integration of actions and several segments, involving the different subjects in tackling sexual exploitation of children and adolescents from the social position they occupy. With this perspective, the project clearly defined four axes of action, and each axis is directed at interventions with a specific audience: young mobilizers; youths undergoing professional training; professionals of the system of guarantee of rights; companies and associations in the touristic sector.

Representatives of each one of these axes were heard while presenting their opinions about the different actions of the project. For all intervention axes we could observe, from the participating subjects’ speech, that the results achieved to date were significant in terms of tackling sexual exploitation, and there are favourable conditions for these results to be improved quantitative and qualitatively with actions that consolidate the initiatives implemented so far. To get a wider view of the process, we will present the results per objective (action axis) and the challenges identified for the continuity of the actions.

Objective 1:

Strengthening the self-protection of children, adolescents and parents to tackle sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism.

Result 1: 101 youths in 7 municipalities in the South coast of Pernambuco and 1 municipality of Rio Grande do Norte participated in the formation of leaderships and multiplied their knowledge about tackling sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in 21 schools, where they sensitized 7,500 people directly (adolescents, youths and adults) and 10,000 indirectly.

Initially, groups of young mobilizers were formed in each municipality participating in the project; these groups multiplied their knowledge about the theme of sexual exploitation with other children and adolescents in several schools. For the young mobilizers, this was a fundamental experience for their personal development, since besides having increased their knowledge about children and adolescents’ rights, especially sexual exploitation, it allowed them to act as disseminators of these knowledge. Now, they feel more capable of looking after themselves and other people, since they can identify situations of risk and know how to protect themselves or support a friend in difficulty. This experience also favoured a stronger interaction of the youths with other people (youths and adults). With the project, they started to exercise the dialogue for the resolution of conflicts, as well as recognizing and coexisting positively with differences. This process has made an impact on the self-esteem of the young mobilizers, who started to assume and live their condition of subjects of rights, based on personal values such as ethics, justice, respect and commitment.

Before the project, I didn’t talk to anyone; now I do. I felt ashamed in front of other people. I walked the streets with fear. Now I don’t. (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande) I used to talk back all the time. Now I can think before talking. (Youth in Ipojuca) I knew that sexual exploitation existed; but after the project, I started to learn about the theme, I could see it better; I started to see that there were many cases. (Youth in Ipojuca) I learned how to work in a team and deal with differences, with different people, and now we are all great friends (Youth in Ipojuca).

I started to care, to think about the rights of children and adolescents; now I worry about this (Youth in Rio Formoso).

I have developed thirst for justice (Youth in Rio Formoso).

Now, we have stopped looking only at ourselves and we’re looking at the others; we have stopped to care only about physical appearances, and try to understand the problems the person is facing. I have the tools to provide information about this; now, I know how to guide an adolescent or a youth who is going through difficult situations (Youth in Rio Formoso).

I also learned to take care of myself, using the internet, talking to people I don’t know (Youth in Rio Formoso).

We want this information to spread, so that everyone will learn and everyone will help (Youth in Rio Formoso).

A transformation that makes us become multipliers (Youth in Rio Formoso).

In my opinion, since I started the course, I have become a more ethical person. I feel that I become more honest every day (Youth in Tibau). (...) I think the project is very good, the results are very positive. The youths are recognized and have become references in their municipalities, because of the mobilization actions they realize. And being recognized, they are widening their articulation, they are walking with their own feet, not only following us – because they are taking the courses, and we are supporting them, we are there for them. They are walking too, and the proof is that they are now recognized in their municipalities (Project Educator).

We notice the change of behaviour at home, in the family, at school; this is noticeable, the directors and teachers all say so. Some youths have already developed a proactive attitude, as a young protagonist. Some were like this naturally, but some others didn’t have this attitude before (Project Educator).

The creation of the young mobilizers group was a very important initiative of the project developed by Childhood. Because the young mobilizers use a young language, and the municipality has benefitted a lot with the group. It has become a network for the council. We are always working in partnership, and this is an opportunity for us to reach other youths through them (representative of the SGR in São José da Coroa Grande).

These changes are identified not only by the youths themselves, but by their families, their schools and their communities. Regarding this aspect, it is important to highlight that the project has also favoured inter-generational relations – that is, it has increased the opportunities of dialogue between adults and youths. According to Novaes (2007, p.

258), the “inter-generational dialogue produces new opportunities to listen to others and fosters mutual learning”. On one hand, it is crucial that the adults listen to the youths, because only the youths can talk about what it means to be young in the modern world.

On the other hand, the adults also have their say, since the “achievement of youths’ rights” cannot be separated from other historical achievements, many of them made by those who are now adults”. This dialogic relationship could generate an “alliance anchored in social justice values”6.

It is fundamental to highlight the importance of dialogue between youths and adults as an opportunity to resize this relationship, for in spite of the advancements with the legal framework and social practices in the Brazilian context, the adult-centred perspective still prevails and the world vision from the adults’ perspective still reigns. Youth is still seen as a period of transition to adulthood, reinforcing the idea of youths as human beings in a process of preparation and relativizing their condition of a subject living in the present time. By assuming their condition as protagonists7, the youths start to be recognized as co-responsible for social development and able to act here and now.

6

NOVAES, R. Políticas de juventude no Brasil: continuidades e rupturas. In: FÁVERO, Osmar; SPÓSITO, Marília Pontes; CARRANO, Paulo; NOVAES, Regina Reys (orgs.). Juventude e contemporaneidade. Brasília: UNESCO, MEC, ANPED, 2007.

7 Youth protagonism was an expression disseminated during the 90s and quickly incorporated by the organizations that targeted youths and adolescents. According to Corti and Souza (2005, p. 63), it is an educative principle according to which the adolescents are seen as subjects capable of acting in their local context, and not merely as apprentices and spectators. The protagonism establishes the bases for a training

methodology where direct action is the main tool for the construction of learning, and has a double role of favouring the individual development of the youths through the progressive increase of their autonomy and initiative, and contributing to services and actions for the community. CORTI, A. P.; SOUZA, R. Diálogos com o mundo juvenil. São Paulo: Ação Educativa, 2005.

Now people see me as a better person. In the past, I didn’t care about them (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

Even my mother says I have changed (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

People come to me to ask me questions, because I am there with the group, explaining things (Youth in Ipojuca).

The recognition by the community, by the city – there are lots of people who think I am cool. On Tuesday, I participated in the Conference and now I’m going to Brasília (Youth in Ipojuca).

Even my mother comes to talk to me when she learns about a case (Youth in Rio Formoso).

In the project, youth protagonism was consolidated through the actions of multiplication of information about sexual exploitation of children and youths, and this could be identified as another very important aspect of the project. It is worth highlighting that, for most youths, this was the first group action they participated in, and it meant a new way of learning, of teaching, of making collective commitments with the well-being of the community.

The multiplication was realized through the peer education system, “a process of teaching and learning through which adolescents and youths act as facilitators of actions and activities with and for other adolescents and youths – that is, the peers. This term comes from the English expression peer to peer education and it is used when a person becomes responsible for the development of educative actions directed at the group where he or she belongs”8.

Peer-to-peer education has been widely used in educative actions in the health area, especially regarding sexual and reproductive health. The strength of peer-to-peer education comes from the opportunity given to adolescents and youths to talk about different themes “in equal terms”. Another relevant aspect is the youths’ capacity to realize activities based on the local culture, since they are part of this culture.

Any adolescent and youth can be a peer-to-peer educator; he or she only needs to have access to new knowledge, enjoy working in groups and know how to listen and perceive new languages. In peer-to-peer education, the educator has the role of training other people at the same time that he/she trains him/herself. To make collective reflection easier, the peer-to-peer educator needs to develop the following skills: • Facilitating the articulation of ideas; • Promoting the mobilization of people; 8

Brazil. Ministry of Health. Adolescentes e jovens para a educação entre pares: metodologias.

Brasília: Ministry of Health, 2011.

• Knowing how to hear and how to make him/herself heard; • Knowledge and information; • Knowing how to coexist with others and deal with differences; • Looking for personal challenges to overcome; • Having a curious, but respectful attitude; • Knowing how to work collectively; • Knowing how to value other people’s experiences; • Being able to recognize their own prejudices and not pass judgment; • Paying attention to the environment where the action takes place, its changes and factors that contribute to this context; • Being able to establish connections, respecting other people’s values and manage conflicts; • Keeping the commitments made and respecting deadlines9.

A few elements characterize peer-to-peer education; the first one is that it is a participative process, where everyone’s opinion is very important and must be valued for the construction of collective knowledge. Therefore, everyone must have the opportunity to express themselves. In the peer-to-peer education, art takes a central place, since it is a mobilizer of feelings, favouring individual and collective experiences of the themes addressed. The group’s learning process helps other groups, so their experiences must always be registered and shared10.

The young mobilizers participating in the project “Tourism and Child Protection” reflected about all aspects involving peer-to-peer education, evaluating the dimensions of advancement and the processes that still need some adjustment to the project.

For them, the first challenge in the multiplication process through peer-to-peer education was creating spaces so that other adolescents and youths could talk about the theme, considering that there is a general lack of knowledge about the subject and some resistance to talk about sexual exploitation, since it is seen as a reality that only affects other people.

Many people think that violence is nothing, but for us it is something serious. Many people don’t even want to listen, when we talk to them (Youth in Ipojuca).

People say “this is never going to happen to me”, but one day it could happen (Youth in Ipojuca).

Because there are people who don’t know anything about some subjects, especially about sexual violence and other themes that are not discussed at school. This is very good, especially for the cities in the interior, you need to have a project like this so people will know about it, and they need to know that it happens in their municipality (Youth in Rio Formoso).

9

Idem.

Ibidem.

10

We are living in the 21st century, but this subject, there are people who still can’t talk about sex, and there are people who still feel ashamed (Youth in Rio Formoso).

By building this dialogue space, the youths identify very positive results regarding the interaction with other youths, reaffirming that the dialogue between pairs favours the creation of trust bonds and stimulates communication, and provokes in other youths the interest in participating.

Because there are people who suffer with this, and are afraid to talk, to trust other people, and they talk easily to us (Youth in Tibau do Sul).

A youth transmitting knowledge to another youth is a different thing. It is easier for a child or adolescent to tell another child or adolescent that they were victims (Youth in Ipojuca).

When the project started, it was very difficult to find youths who wanted to participate; now, the quantity of youths that want to participate is very large.

They ask me “how can I participate in this project?” So, for us, it is very good to know that this is a valuable thing (Youth in Ipojuca).

There was a very nice lecture here at the school. So, one person asked, and we answered. The themes of the lectures were: sexual violence and teenage pregnancy (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

Here in São José, there is a high number of pregnant adolescents, 12-yearold girls. This neighbourhood is famous for this. We do what we can to talk to them, to answer their questions. And we also talk to those who are not pregnant yet, but many still don’t care. In my family, I talk to my cousins (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

In Barreiros, the groups from São José and Barreiros got together in one of the communities. We distributed flyers and talked about sexual exploitation.

The debate was about how custody counselors act in a situation of sexual exploitation (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

For young mobilizers, the experience of working with peer-to-peer education is a constant challenge: knowing the subject, speaking in public overcoming insecurities, building an efficient methodology, mobilizing the participation of adults, keeping the group of young mobilizers united and motivated to continue the work were some of the aspects they mentioned.

The first challenge is the participation of the group [of young mobilizers].

Everyone says “I’m going!” and when the time comes, only three people show up. When we plan to do something, half of the group doesn’t come (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

The participation of the group members [young mobilizers] is sometimes very weak; when the time comes, they do not participate (Youth in Tibau do Sul).

In the lectures, first we have butterflies in the stomach, but after a few minutes we start to relax (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

People feel ashamed of not knowing what to say, or saying something wrong, and end up not talking (Youth in Tibau do Sul).

We give lectures at schools. Everything depends on the age: if it’s for children, we are going to use a language that is appropriate for children. We have organized lectures with the participation of teachers. During Women’s Week, we called the teachers and they prepared and participated in the lectures; one example was the History teacher who gave a lecture about History… (Youth in Rio Formoso) We try to make the activities interesting, fun; we use games, videos. We don’t talk all the time. We want them to become interested. We also try to research the subjects they find interesting to plan our next lectures (Youth in Ipojuca).

The youths affirm that in many situations they did not have the support of the public powers or the schools to realize the activities. They also said that when there is governmental support, everyone benefits.

Our greatest difficulty is to get governmental support. We don’t have a lot of support, and we need to find resources to reach a wider audience. We know how to develop our actions, but we need support. The Council didn’t want to help (Youth in Ipojuca).

Wagner (the Social Action Secretary) gives us support, he had the idea of building a library and we are collecting books. Whenever he needs us, we are there, and when we need him, he always helps (Youth in São José da Coroa Grande).

We organized a lecture about bullying and there were teachers who didn’t help; most teachers didn’t give their students permission to leave the class and come listen to our explanations (Youth in Ipojuca).

To give a lecture, we need a lot of help – the teachers’, the director’s… We need everyone’s help (Youth in Ipojuca).

With the custody council, it’s like this: we invite them to the lecture, they come, say two words and that’s it. And they are having problems with the City Hall (Youth in Rio Formoso).

They also talk about logistic difficulties to carry out their activities in distant schools.

They highlight the need for better monitoring on the part of the project’s educators, after the formation course is finished, to mediate the dialogue with the institutions, since most of the adults in the institutions they interact with do not see the youths as capable of realizing autonomous actions.

We managed to reach the nearest schools, we have given lectures there. But there are distant places where we would like to work, but can’t. Because we don’t have transportation, and we don’t have food. We have tried to get the support of the Municipal Government; we tried to schedule a meeting three times and the meeting was cancelled three times. There are several difficulties to work with the Municipal Government, and because we are young and there are no adults involved, things get even more difficult. They think that because we are young we are not capable of doing things right (Youth in Rio Formoso).

When we were taking the course, we had tasks to perform. Things we had to do in the community. Then, we presented the results in the course. And now that the course is over, we have to do everything by ourselves (Youth in Rio Formoso).

It is relevant to highlight that according to the youths’ evaluation, the project gave them space to express their opinions, points of view and needs, and this is a very positive point. They have also observed a continuous process of evaluation of the activities.

During the course, we had a lot of space to express ourselves; we didn’t spent one single minute in silence (Youth in Ipojuca).

Yes, we have been consulted; they asked us if we should have monthly meetings. They also asked us if we liked the way they were working. We said we would like things to be more dynamic. And at the end of the meetings, they always ask what we liked about that day and what we didn’t like (Youth in Tibau do Sul).

When we work with the methodology of peer-to-peer education with young people, it is necessary to observe certain requirements. The first one involves providing the necessary support so that young people will develop the skills required to act as peer educators. It is essential to build, together with the youths, a methodology that favours the achievement of the desired goals; the methodological possibilities should be aligned with the characteristics of peer-to-peer education. Helping them to structure an intervention plan is critical because besides organizing collective actions, it helps the group to think strategically.

The young mobilizers need to continue deepening their knowledge about the subjects to be addressed; this occurs during the activities they promote, but they should be associated to moments of reflection and study with other young adults and educators, increasing the exchange of experiences based on practice. Furthermore, peer-to-peer educators often request support from adult educators in the negotiation processes with the institutions involved, such as schools, councils and secretariats, until they feel empowered as a group to take these negotiations over.

28

It is noteworthy that the Childhood educators give this kind of support to the young mobilizers by conducting monthly meetings, but according to the youths’ testimonials, these meetings need to be strengthened in order to meet the demands presented previously.

Observing these aspects of the project at this moment is critical to increase the actions so far undertaken with young mobilizers. Much has been done, and the mobilization and training of this group of young people constitute a reference in the municipalities. But it is necessary to maintain the support to the groups, helping them to consolidate peer-to-peer education.

A second element that needs to be highlighted regarding this goal is the reach of the project activities for the families, considering that one of the purposes of this action is to strengthen fathers and mothers to cope with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. It seems that families that participated in project activities with the perspective of becoming more acquainted with the activities performed by their children, instead of understanding more about the subjects and reflect on their role in this context. So it is important to reflect on more effective, wider strategies to involve the families, so that they will become the guardians of the rights of children and adolescents in their community and municipality.

Objective 2:

Strengthening the System of Guarantee of Rights so it can answer efficiently and effectively to the demands in relation to the assistance of victims or children and adolescents facing the risk of sexual violence.

Result 2: Systems of guarantee of rights in 8 municipalities sensitized about the importance of prioritizing the theme of sexual exploitation of youths and adolescents in the context of tourism and mobilized to elaborate the municipal plans to fight sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

Training was one of the structural actions to strengthen the System of Guarantee of Rights (SGR). The training process with SGR agents proved to be essential, because the inefficiencies in the management of services provided to children and adolescents in the municipalities result from the lack of training, clarity about roles, legislation, planning and service flowcharts. In spite of the many efforts already made in this direction in the country, this is an area of permanent investment, especially in municipalities such as the ones in the South coast of the Northeast Region, where the project operates without access to adequate, high-quality training.

Within the scope of the project, 07 training courses were carried out for the SGR. Only the municipality of Ipojuca did not have the course, because of the election period. Among the main themes discussed in the training sessions, we could highlight: family, sexuality, domestic and sexual violence, legal framework, the system of guarantee of rights, public policies, professional care, reporting and project workshops. One of the results of the training was the elaboration of a project for local intervention, based on the expectations of the group and on the local reality. The intervention project worked as an action plan for the continuity of businesses in the municipalities, including: identification of local realities; the internal context; violent situations observed; prevention and promotion actions that show some potential; and possible partnerships that already operate for the reduction of violence. In addition, the group established a steady flow of reporting and formed a local management committee to continue with the project actions. The participants talked about the benefits of training: We knew the problem, but we didn’t know how to deal with it practically, a way of acting about it. I learned how to deal with it. People started to understand their roles, as counsellors, as teachers, etc. (Representative of the SGR in São José da Coroa Grande).

The most important learning with the training was that prevention is fundamental. Working with prevention is easier than treating the problem after it has already happened (Representative of the SGR in Rio Formoso).

The creation of local committees to fight sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, including their legalization through a decree-law, as in the case of São José da Coroa Grande, was essential to include the theme in the political agenda of the municipalities. The creation of intersectoral spaces for the discussion and implementation of actions to tackle the problem of sexual exploitation and abuse is a correct decision, aligned to the national strategies that have been adopted for some time in the country. The local committee provides a forum for planning and making decisions, involving the participation of various sectors, promoting a multidisciplinary debate and enriching the context of the problem from several angles.

The participation of representatives of the Tourism Sector in Committees is an achievement and a two-way street for the formation process and political action. It brings a better understanding of reality, based on the experience in the tourism industry and on all the challenges in the area of tackling sexual exploitation. The same is true for the young mobilizers, who bring a new perspective from the viewpoint of this audience, greatly affected by the context of municipalities. It is important to verify accurately the level of participation of young people in committees, so they can their your opinions, ideas, suggestions and representation guaranteed, as well as to work with adults so that they can assist in the process of participation and learning of young people.

With the strengthening of the Committees, a local action of advocacy is consolidated, aiming to influence the public budget to include an allocation for actions to prevent sexual abuse of children and adolescents in the municipal budget (PPA/Multi-Year Plan and LOA/Annual Budgetary Law), and especially to provide health care services to children and adolescents in situations of sexual violence that work in an integrated manner according to the established demand.

In theory, we learned to diagnose problems in the community, putting this on paper and elaborating a working plan for the Council. We had no idea how to elaborate projects; now we guide other entities to do it, and analyse the projects to be sent to the State Council. We also learned about the Fund for the Child and Adolescent, and now every year we launch a public bid for the entities (Representative of the SGR in SĂŁo JosĂŠ da Coroa Grande).

I remember the teacher explaining the history of sexual violence, which is something that has existed since early days. And she taught us about networking.

She was able to demonstrate that we cannot work alone; we have to work in partnership with educators, councils, civil police, the Public Ministry and other public entities that form the municipality network (Representative of the SGR in Rio Formoso).

Without a network, it does not work. From the moment that each one of us plays their role, it works - but if someone does not play their role, it doesn’t. And there will be trouble for those who received the complaint. If we make a referral and we cannot act about it, if we cannot play the roles of other people, we can at least demand action. And that is what we have been doing. I have been with the child protection agency for three years, and until a year ago I had not seen a single abuser arrested. But thanks God, with the collaboration of various social actors, we are watching many offenders being arrested (Representative of the SGR in Rio Formoso).

The committees are currently working on the preparation or updating of the Municipal Plans to Fight Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. This initiative is critical, because the plan is a state policy, not just a governmental initiative, which makes this action a more permanent one; so, it is a promising prospect of sustainability of project activities.

However, it is important to highlight the challenges for the design and implementation of the plan. The plan only constitutes a strong document if it is elaborated with strong social participation; moreover, its design and implementation are only realized with political will, which often requires pressure from civil society. Finally, it is important to remember that for a plan to work there must be a system of continuous monitoring and evaluation.

At this point, we return to the issue of training the professionals working in the SGR as a supporting point for the implementation of the plans and for community mobilization as an empowering element for political decision processes.

Every training session prepares us to work better. The more training we have, the better. When I started as a counselor, I had to learn with my workmates. We learn by doing it (Representative of SGR in Rio Formoso).

The main challenge for the project now is to keep the committees working in a dynamic and constant manner. In this sense, the presence of educators is essential until the group consolidates its capabilities for more autonomous actions. To continue with this willingness

to work, the group needs to establish common goals. Thus, the preparation of the plan and its subsequent implementation seem to provide this alignment of purposes, aggregating different subjects.

Objective 3:

Increasing job opportunities for youths in the formal sector, with special focus on the touristic sector.

Result 3: 104 youths finished professional formation courses, with 69.23% entering the labour market. In October, other 47 youths in Rio Formoso will be finishing training courses, increasing the total number of graduates to 151.

The professional qualification of young people to work in the tourism industry is the third objective of the project "Tourism and Child Protection." This axis adds several important elements for the project. Firstly, the professional training of youths increases their opportunities to enter the labour market with social protection, removing them from the worst forms of labor, including sexual exploitation. Secondly, it strengthens the family when it improves its members’ income. Thirdly, it brings the touristic sector and the project closer, to meet an important demand for the sector: skilled labour force.

The professional qualification offered by the project included basic training, provided by instructors hired by Childhood, who addressed topics such as sexuality, human rights, protection from violence, labour market, communications, among others; and the technical part was provided by SENAC, with a total of 280hs of training (60h of basic training and 220h of technical training).

Municipality

Courses

Tamandaré

Touristic driver Baker and confectioner Kitchen assistant Waiter Kitchen assistant Waiter

Sirinhaém São José da Coroa Grande Total Rio Formoso

Total

Waiter Sustainable Development Agent Baker and confectioner

Young Graduates 1 2 10 19 27 31 5 104 graduates 1 14 5 1 8 47 youths

Youths Absorbed by the Market 0 1 12 14 13 31 3 72 youths

% Absorption 8 6 0 73, 68 76, 47 56, 52 8 0 69,23%

The course finished on October 4th, 2013, and the youths are now in the process of being absorbed by the labour market.

Despite the excellent results of the integration of young people who participated in the training in the first year of the project, it is important to highlight that there is still a high dropout rate. Evasion rates reached about 30% in all courses offered. Report data for the period from 01/2013 to 03/2013 explain that problems with SENAC instructors and the lack of resources for the practical classes were the main causes of these high rates in 2013.

For the youths participating in the project, professional qualification means an important contribution to improve their living conditions and increase the possibilities of a more promising future career. For some of these youths, the access to professional qualification in areas such as tourism was an opportunity to improve the work already undertaken; for others, it was their first experience with professional training. Regardless of their previous experience, they all agreed that the courses generated personal and professional growth, fostering their enthusiasm and motivation to believe in and realize their dreams.

It was a great contribution for me, because I had a dream of having professional formation related to food, to cooking (Youth in Rio Formoso).

It has contributed a lot, because I used to be one of those people who think if something goes wrong in the middle of the way, it is not worth it to keep on going. I used to give things up very easily. With this course, I learned that things are not really like that (Youth in Rio Formoso).

Personally, I have learned a lot about the environment; I didn’t know anything about it (Youth in Rio Formoso).

This training course for waiters made me believe in things. I used to do nothing, think about nothing (Youth in Rio Formoso). (...) for me, because I already work in the bakery business, the contribution was that I learned things I hadn’t had the chance to learn before. With the course, I learned how to make bread and pastries, and about hygiene at the workplace (Youth in Tamandaré).

I have always been interested in cooking, I have always been very curious. I used to try to make bread at home. Now I can do anything (Youth in Tamandaré).

Despite the youths’ enthusiasm with the knowledge acquired in the course, they still emphasize the need for more practical experimentation during classes, which was often difficult due to the lack of equipment, resulting in lectures where the teacher executed a task and the youths watched, without having the chance of actually doing it. In addition, they pointed out that they need to know to handle the more complex equipment and not just the basic equipment; in their view, this means greater professionalism. The youths also note that in the case of course for bakers, a greater emphasis was given to confectionery, and not to the production of bread, creating a lack of alignment between the demands of the market, which needs bakers, and the training offered by the course. In this sense, young people claim that the courses should be more focused on the local market.

For me, the course for bakers was better because the course provided us with recipes, ingredients, everything we needed. But for Tamandaré in general, we need greater professionalism, we need to learn how to use the machines, make different types of bread, and work with different kinds of ovens – because there are many. So, for the area, I think things need to be improved (Youth in Tamandaré).

The course provided the ingredients and everything, but if we try to work at a bakery, even as a baker’s assistant, we don’t get the job, because there are many things we don’t know about (Youth in Tamandaré).

When the course was chosen by SENAC, we thought that it would be more directed at bakery and not so much at confectionery. Maybe in Recife this would be good, because there are a lot of private, expensive bakeries, you know?

(Youth in Tamandaré).

We used to watch Carlos, our teacher, doing things; but he was the only one actually doing it, because he is a man and he is strong. But when I started to work at Cristal Bakery, I got in trouble because they asked me to do a thousand things and I realized I had not learned anything practical. (…) As people have already said, we were supposed to learn with the course, and we cannot get to the job and automatically start to make dough, there is a process… (Youth in Tamandaré).

The youths highlight the opportunity to work as trainees as a positive point of the course; it is the moment to put into practice everything that they learned and acquire new knowledge.

I had the honour of working as a trainee for one month. It was an incredible experience, because I had never stopped to think about everything that needs to be done. I thought you just got there, did your job and that was it. But it’s actually much more than that, you know? They worry a lot about every detail of the table, the organization, they worry about centimeters, and it’s very rewarding, because these are things I didn’t use to see. I would to go into a restaurant, a hotel, and never pay any attention (Youth in Tamandaré).

Many youths worked as trainees; those who wanted found work… (Youth in Tamandaré).

Project data indicate that 69% of the youths found employment. This seems to be an excellent result; according to educators, it is achieved largely because during the realization of actions by the tourism sector, a survey about job opportunities for young people is carried out, helping to refer those youths to job agencies and fill job positions.

However, the young people who participated in the focus groups claim to have difficulties to enter the labour market, and many of them are still unemployed. For the youths, entering the labour market means finding more stable employment, and not just getting a job. Thus, more accurate data about their insertion into the labour market need to be gathered by monitoring the trajectory of the course graduates, to check the effectiveness of this inclusion. It is also important to note that among the youths who found jobs, many are working in different

occupations from those they were trained for. Given this context, it is important to produce a better map of the real labour demands in the municipalities.

According to the youths, the generation of income becomes an immediate alternative to the lack of formal jobs. If, on one hand, the generation of income constitutes an opportunity, the lack of support for the formalization of the enterprise ultimately keeps the youths informally employed, without social protection. Furthermore, the lifetime of small businesses tend to be too short when there aren’t strong management processes and technical improvement. Due to these aspects, the generation of income requires long-term monitoring to constitute a real job opportunity.

For me, [the project] has contributed a lot, in terms of labour market. I work for myself, at home. Because of the course, I could improve some recipes (...). I have many clients now and I’m living my life, bringing up my daughter, helping my father. I really wanted to find a way to provide for myself and I have one now, thanks to the course (Youth in Rio Formoso).

All issues raised by young people were analyzed, and enabled us to conclude that the professional training is an important initiative in the project and shows very positive results, such as preventative actions against sexual exploitation in face of the socio-economic vulnerability of this population. An emphasis deserves to be given to the initiative to add the professional qualification to the citizenship formation. This brings a dimension of completeness for the training process, where recognizing oneself as a subject of rights and practicing citizenship is as important as knowing how to do one’s job.

But reflecting on the possibilities of integrating young people into the labour market, it is worth highlighting the findings of Pochmann (2007), when analyzing the complexity of youth access to higher-skilled positions in the working world. The author identified in his studies that the occupational standard of youths changed significantly changed in the 90s, due to the low capacity of the economy to generate more qualified job positions and in sufficient quantity to accommodate the Economically Active Population. Thus, the jobs created were generally poor and mostly connected to the area of basic services: cleaning, security, catering services, etc. The lowering of the standard of occupational inclusion in the formal segment of the labour market affected the youths belonging to low and middle classes more strongly.

Although Brazil has entered into the growth cycle in the last decade and in spite of the inconsistency of this growth, young people continue to be the most affected by unemployment, reaching a ratio, according to the ILO, of three unemployed youth per each adult.

Pochmann (2007) also highlights that young people, especially the poor, are increasingly distant from the modern sectors of the economy; they are generally linked to alternative jobs marked by low productivity and high insecurity.

Thus, in order to promote lasting changes in the lives of young people, this initiative needs to offer professional education to enable the youths to get better jobs, not being restricted to basic training with limited access to new technologies, with a low level of social protection and remuneration. This consideration can be applied to seek higher levels of training for jobs in the tourism sector and to the possibility to expand the range of options, including occupations that fit into the rapidly advanced industrialization process currently happening in

the Southern coast of Pernambuco. The system S, in terms of basic professional education, tends to be restricted to simple training, often without the necessary technological support for a more structured formation. So, seeking more innovative partnerships in the areas and identifying specific niche markets can be an important way to improve this action.

Objective 4:

Increasing the sustainability and social accountability in the Brazilian touristic industry, with a special focus on the responsibility to fight sexual violence against children and adolescents.

Result 4: 235 companies and 18 associations operating in the touristic sector signed the Code of Conduct, generating changes in the companies’ daily practices, incorporating procedures to ensure the protection of children and adolescents.

The commitment of the tourism sector of the municipalities in the South coast of Pernambuco and Tibau do Sul in Rio Grande do Norte with fighting sexual exploitation of children and adolescents was confirmed as an important design strategy. This action, in spite of demanding a great effort on the part of Childhood and partners, considering the limited availability of the businesspeople to participate in activities, produced very relevant results.

Mapping touristic businesses offered a more comprehensive view of the universe of social actors to be mobilized, allowing for a wide and articulated sensitization action.

The sensitization of entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry, bars and restaurants was initially performed through a seminar to present the project, and afterwards during the training sessions offered to employees of tourist facilities to adopt ethical conducts for the protection of children. The way how the training sessions were structured, adding knowledge to the area of business management, in partnership with SEBRAE and the State Secretariat of Tourism, with guidance on children's rights and the prevention of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism, mobilized the whole sector.

The educators make a very positive assessment of the methodology implemented.

Regarding the methodology, I think that the mapping of the seven municipalities we had the opportunity to carry out was really nice. From there, we started to realize the sensitization campaigns through seminars. At that point, we had already identified the people with whom we wanted to work. And we invited them by phone, by other means, and I think it was a strategy that worked well. And then there were the formation sessions; those were realized in four steps, focusing on tourism, hospitality,

entrepreneurship and sustainability, and ending with the prevention of sexual exploitation in tourism. We left this issue for last because we believed that they would be more aware of what tourism really is, what the hospitality sector, that is their business, really is. And then we closed with the thought that everything has to do with the question of the business being positive, and the protection of children. We closed with this issue of preventing sexual exploitation in tourism. So it was a method that worked well, so well that we replicated our work in Belo Horizonte (Childhood Educator).

The training sessions had a total of 12 hours, distributed into 03 modules, depending on the location, organized as follows: Module I:

Introduction to Tourism/Entrepreneurship I

Module II:

Good Practices and Hospitality in Tourism/Entrepreneurship II

Module III:

Sustainable Tourism / CADASTUR

Module IV:

Prevention of Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in Tourism

The results of the sensitization activities can be visualized more precisely in the table below:

Municipalities

Total of companies operating in the touristic sector in the South coast11

Total of companies signing the Code of Conduct

Total of companies participating in the courses

Total of professionals participating in the courses

Barreiros

1

1

1

3

Cabo de Santo

4 2

3 2

4 7

6 1

Ipojuca

8 0 1 4 1 9 4 4

2 2 3 3 2 9 2 0

1 3 -

4 6 -

2 2 1 6

6 1 1 8

Rio Formoso Sirinhaém São

José da Coroa Grande Tamandaré Subtotal

4 7

260 companies

1 -

Companies Subtotal 2 Associations General Total

-

4 3 195 companies

2 0 129 companies

18 touristic association s 260 213 129 companies companies signatures Source: Quarterly report by Childhood regarding the period of 04/2013 to 07/2013.

4 7

263 professionals 263 professionals

The professional training strengthened the entrepreneurs’ adherence to the code of conduct, which means a commitment to fight against sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

This adherence is put into practice by implementing protective procedures for children in tourism establishments. Therefore, it is important to note that the results are already evident when we observe the changes in practices in those establishments, as illustrated by the testimonial below: (...) and then, with the training sessions we realized in Porto de Galinhas, she [the owner of the business] changed the check-in form for the guests.

Now, the form has an exclusive space for the identification of children and adolescents, that didn’t exist before. And she said: “in the past, if an adult came in with a child, I did not ask for the child’s identification; only the father’s or the mother’s. But how would I know if it was really the father or the mother?” So she developed a more attentive eye, and changed the guests’ form; and she also wrote contract clauses for her employees based on the Criminal Code and on the Ethics Code. In one of the clauses, she makes very clear that if it is broken [in relation to child protection] the employee can be punished and even fired. So we thought it was nice, how those discussions affected the behaviours and even the culture in her company (Childhood Educator).

11

The mapping of the companies operating in the touristic sector in the municipalities in the South coast of Pernambuco (Barreiros, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Ipojuca, Rio Formoso, Sirinhaém, São José da Coroa Grande and Tamandaré), carried out by Childhood Brazil in partnership with SEBRAE in the first semestre of execution of the Project Tourism and Child Protection (October 2010 to March 2011), with a focus on the companies located in the beach area.

I think that what I liked the most was having this qualification and raising the awareness of my employees, to prevent touristic establishments from being vehicles for wrong things. Awareness is important, because appearances can be deceiving (…). The girls, the receptionists participated and saw how serious this is; when an adult comes in with a child. Is the child really their son or daughter? Okay, the child belongs to them, they have a document. So they have opened their eyes and I believe that other employees of other establishments have also become more aware of that (Businesswoman).

Despite the impressive results, it is relevant to note that many entrepreneurs, especially those who own small businesses, still show some resistance to join and participate in actions to fight sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, and have some difficulty engaging with collective actions, as one of the businesswomen comments: I see many difficulties, because the entrepreneurs who are aware of the importance of the project are usually owners of big businesses. But I think that the major challenge is to sensitize the small businesspeople, those who work illegally, and those who accept a guest without asking for anything, not even a document. I come from a place where we are very engaged in commercial associations; people are used to being members of associations.

But here, it’s very different: people come from many places, they are not from here, and they don’t have roots, so there’s nothing like “this is my place, I’ll take care of it, preserve it”. There are people who came here just to exploit the place. So, it’s necessary to have a strategy to raise their interest in participating in the project, some kind of counterpart. I think training is very nice. But do you know what happens sometimes? The entrepreneur doesn’t want to make the employees available, doesn’t want to dismiss the employees from work so they can participate. So I don’t know a way to reach these people. I would have to think…

In the reports and testimonials of educators, the difficulty in mobilizing the entrepreneurs in Porto de Galinhas is highlighted; paradoxically, the beach is the main tourist route in the region, and its businesses do not participate in the project as a way to improve the levels of child protection.

For the training sessions directed at entrepreneurs, specific teaching materials were produced, such as: 01 Code of Ethical Conduct for the protection of children and adolescents in the State of Pernambuco (3000 copies published); 01 curriculum matrix, methodology and reference Powerpoint produced for training sessions in the touristic sector; 01 publication called "Manual of Practice: Promotion of Tourism and Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents" (1000 copies published).

Given the success of the businesspeople’s adherence to the Code of Conduct, the main challenge of the project is to develop a system to monitor the implementation of the Code.

This may constitute an important methodology to be made available to the Councils of Rights, Custody Councils and Municipal Secretariats of Tourism, so that these bodies can continue monitoring the implementation of code of conduct by the municipality’s touristic sector even after the end of the project, thus ensuring the sustainability of this important action.

Moreover, it seems to be strategic to invest in an advertising campaign, aimed at the tourism sector, about tackling sexual exploitation, for besides the work aimed at entrepreneurs and workers in the sector, it is also necessary to involve customers and the community in general, fostering co-shared responsibility for child protection.

It is also important to note that the articulation with entrepreneurs facilitated the integration of young people participating in the professional qualification courses into the workplace, since during the training positions were mapped and the youths’ resumes were distributed.

There were also some “show classes”. For the entrepreneurs, it was a good opportunity to hire a skilled workforce.

6.3. Some questions about the project’s management 6.3.1. About the logical framework and the monitoring system • Despite the realization of mapping of touristic businesses and the socio-economic data included in the reports about the municipalities covered by action, the project does not have a systematic baseline to allow for the monitoring of the progress of the goals.

• As already mentioned, the team does not use the logical framework as a reference for the analysis; the analyses found in the reports refer a lot to process indicators and very little to results.

• Despite offering a rich description of the actions, with quantitative and qualitative data, the reports present an insufficient analysis, which limits the learning resulting from the practice.

• Regarding the calculation of quantitative data, it is not clear what the methodology for calculating the numbers of direct and indirect beneficiaries is. For example, it is said that 7.500 direct beneficiaries and 10.000 indirect beneficiaries were reached, but how were these numbers calculated? Is there a methodology for counting? How is the recording of these data made?

• Among the means of verification, there was a CAP (Expanded Research Community) survey that was not conducted, so the indications of behavioural change are made through observations, often without a systematic record, which weakens the validity of the data.

• There is no doubt that there is a strong commitment of the staff to monitor the achievement of the project’s goals; however, we noticed the lack of a monitoring system for the project that includes the systematic process of documentation and updating of information.

• The opinion of the team is that the reporting model to be followed is very detailed and contains no strategic questions that allow us to reflect on the action as a whole. Perhaps it would be relevant to review this model, taking into consideration the testimonials of educators indicating the elaboration of the report as a moment of critical reflection on practices.

6.3.2. About the process of systematization of experiences • The rich methodology of the project deserves a careful systematization of the experiences and the teaching materials used. Thus, it is recommended that in the last years of the project a stronger emphasis is given to the systematization, so you can share these experiences with other groups as examples of good practices.

6.3.3. About the working conditions • The logistics to implement the activities in the municipalities, in the educators’ opinion, is a critical point to be observed, especially regarding transportation, given the limited budget for this item. To circumvent this difficulty, we tried to coordinate the schedules of various educators to share transport; this resulted in longer working hours, compromising the physical and mental well-being of the educators.

6.3.4. About the working team •

According to the educators’ evaluation, there is good integration among them, who meet frequently to plan activities so that everyone will follow the group’s individual and collective activities.

•

In relation to the local coordination, the evaluation of the project was conducted in a period of transition, considering the recent resignation of the coordinator.

Regarding this process, the educators lamented this change, but they also stressed that it was a moment of emotional maturity for the group, since they had to take responsibilities more independently. The educators also stressed what should characterize the role of coordinators: I think it is an exchange. The role of coordinators is not only to deliberate –“do this, do that” – but also to see what the mistakes are, what difficulties exist, how we can overcome them. I think this is the role of coordinators (educator).

• •

The educators emphasized the need for the coordination to be present in the project activities, establishing a close relationship with young people, the government, the businesspeople, etc.

About the overall coordination of the project the team emphasizes their contribution in organizing the information so that they are available in a more practical manner.

6.3.5. About the financial management of the project

•

In the same way that the team did not use the logical framework as a tool, they also did not know the overall budget of the project. The staff is informed only about the resources available for the activities; therefore, they are not responsible for the budgetary management. Regarding this aspect, it is important to consider the need for greater knowledge of the budget on the staff’s part, in order to ensure more efficiency in the management, since it provides a better integration between the administrative and financial departments, as well as being a form of transparency in management.

6.3.4. About the relationship with Plan • For the group, the relationship with Plan is very positive, considering that Plan not only establishes a relationship as a funder, but also participates in the methodological development of the project. In the words of the educators: (...) PLAN has established very good relationships. Now, I know that Plan makes huge efforts to be much more than a funding institution. It wants to be an institution that thinks with us, it wants to be a pedagogical partner as well, and not only a funder (educator).

7. Conclusions according to the parameters established for evaluation Regarding its Relevance, the Project Tourism and Child Protection has become relevant because: it addresses an issue of utmost importance for the country, helping to make visible a problem that needs to be revealed through data, experiences, research and teaching practices; the project has been proposing innovative methodologies, creating interdisciplinary spaces and enhancing the participation and leadership of young people; the project has put the issue on the political agenda of the municipalities involved and focuses on the influence of the public budget to secure resources for effective services and policies to assist the child victims, for the prevention of violence and guarantee of rights. Besides, it involves the community through schools, creating a bond through educational processes of prevention with the children, adolescents and their families.

Finally, the implementation of the project is made by one of the most experienced organizations in the subject, with proven relevance through years of investment in strategic actions to combat sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the country and in the world. However, it is necessary to harmonize the logical structure of the project with regard to the relationship between its pillars: design, logical framework and action plan. This can influence their effectiveness, as the strategies should be consistent with those goals. We notice the lack of alignment between these fundamental structures in the language of goals and the quantification of actions and activities, and there are problems with the process of systematization (little quantitative analyses and records), showing some weakness in monitoring actions. The monitoring system needs to be better structured regarding data collection and analysis, considering the indicators.

Fixing these glitches in a timely manner is essential to establish an effective analysis of your achievements and weaknesses.

In an analysis of efficiency, it is possible that the results achieved so far follow a strategic path that involves broadening the understanding of the problem, the government’s responsibility, the importance of the visibility of the issue, following a path that integrates the strategic axes efficiently – the maximum number of actions possible integrated in a municipality, optimizing resources and strengthening the performance of the project.

Regarding effectiveness, we can observe that until the present moment the targets outlined within the results were achieved or are on the way to be achieved. The mid-term evaluation and its recommendations should be analysed in time for a review and for the adjustment of strategies, based on what is hindering the project’s flow, as indicated during the development of the evaluation. Some points worthy of attention are the working infrastructure for consultants, the community mobilization actions performed by the young mobilizers; the diversification of the range of professional courses and special attention to the youths’ inclusion in the labour market for a more effective monitoring of this insertion, so that it becomes stable. A system of Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Systematization that includes the active monitoring of all these aspects is fundamental to the effectiveness of the project.

Finally, for the Sustainability of the project, that is, so that its actions are incorporated by several partners, bodies and organizations involved, it is necessary to create more visibility and relevance in the context in which it operates. Moreover, regarding the formation of young people and their insertion in the labour market, a continuous analysis of the market demands and of new partnerships to offer this public diversified alternatives of professional training is also necessary. The young mobilizers, despite the advancements in their organization, do not seem to have reached a level of autonomy that allows them to develop more strategic actions so far. This also has to be analyzed considering a number of factors, including better training from the perspective of the protagonists, better participatory planning, mapping of local opportunities, and a greater allocation of project resources for the mobilization activities promoted by them. Successful cases in the touristic sector need to be driven and visualized, as they can definitely motivate behavioral changes in this sector regarding the fight against sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. The Code of Conduct must mobilize constant changes in attitudes and behaviours, and be translated in practice to be effective in various touristic devices. Finally, the influence on the public budget should be increased because it is a way for the sustainability of permanent actions – the project actions can and should subsidize the municipal public policies, which has already been reflected in the elaboration of the Plans to fight sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. It is no less important to remember that in terms of financial sustainability, planning fundraising and sustainability of actions before the end of the funding is essential.

The continuation of actions is strongly recommended, given the urgency and relevance of this type of initiative in the context of the Northeastern coast, one of the main routes of sex tourism in the country.

8. Recommendations: About the project axes • It is essential to build with the young mobilizers a methodological approach that fosters the achievement of the desired goals by the group; the methodological possibilities should be in line with the characteristics of peer-to-peer education. Helping them to structure an intervention plan is critical, because besides organizing collective action, it helps the group to think strategically. It is also necessary to support them in the communication process so that they can maintain the group mobilized and engaged.

• The young mobilizers need to continue deepening their knowledge of the contents to be addressed. This occurs during the activities they promote, but should be associated with moments of reflection and study with other young people and adult educators and consultants, increasing the exchange of experiences based on practice.

• The young mobilizers often ask for the support of adult educators in the negotiation process with the institutions involved, such as school boards, councils and secretariats, until they feel empowered as a group to take control of these negotiations. It is important to elaborate an intervention plan, including strategic actions of social mobilization and advocacy, and that these may be monitored by adults participating in the project.

• It is important to reflect on more effective and wider strategies for the involvement of the family, so that they will also become guardians of the rights of children and adolescents in their community and municipality, taking into consideration the objectives of the project.

• Keeping the Local Committees to Fight Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents running in a dynamic and constant way is crucial. The presence of educators is essential until the group consolidates capabilities for more autonomous actions.

• Regarding the participation of young people in the Local Committees to Fight Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, it is important to check accurately the level of participation of these young people in the committees, so they can have their opinions, ideas, suggestions and representation guaranteed. It is also important to work with adults so that they can help with the processes of youth participation and learning.

• Regarding professional training courses for young people, there is a need for more practical experimentation during classes.

• Gathering and analyzing more accurate data about the youths’ insertion in the labour market, monitoring the trajectory of the course graduates and verifying the effectiveness of this inclusion. Deepening the mapping of the real labour demands in the municipalities.

• The project should seek more innovative partnerships and identify niche markets to improve and diversify the offer of courses for young people, always paying attention to the market demand and niches.

• Investing in an advertising campaign aimed at the tourism sector about fighting sexual exploitation, involving entrepreneurs and employees of the industry, as well as customers and the community in general, encouraging their co-shared responsibility for child protection.

• It is essential to develop and implement a system for monitoring the implementation of the code of ethical conduct in tourism, checking to what extent it is being

implemented in the daily practices of touristic businesses, to strengthen actions in the sector that have not yet incorporated the necessary practices to protect children and adolescents.

• Making the monitoring system of the code of conduct into a methodology to be made available for the Rights Councils, the Custody Councils and the Municipal Secretariats of Tourism, so that these bodies can continue to monitor the implementation of the code of conduct for the touristic sector in the municipality, even after the end of the project, thus ensuring the sustainability of this important action.

• Increasingly boosting and visualizing successful cases in the touristic sector, because they can definitely motivate behavioral changes in this sector regarding the fight against sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

About the management and PMAS (Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Systematization) • Revise the logical framework so that it is used as a tool for project planning and monitoring.

• Developing and implementing a monitoring system for project activities, to allow for a more accurate identification of results achieved, both qualitative and quantitative.

• Systematizing and disseminating methodologies and best practices developed within the project.

• The logistics to implement the activities in the municipalities (mainly regarding transports and communications) should be carefully analyzed and reviewed so that the physical and mental well-being of the educators is guaranteed, as well as the quality of interventions.

• Carrying out a process of planning to obtain the necessary resources and for the sustainability of actions before the end of the project.