The protection project review of the trafficking in persons report by Plan Nederland

THE PROTECTION PROJECT REVIEW OF THE TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT JULY 2013

The Protection Project The Johns Hopkins University The Paul H. Nitze School Of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) 1717 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Ste. 501 Washington, D.C. 20036 Phone: (202) 663-5896 Fax: (202) 663-5899 Email: protection_project@jhu.edu Website: www.protectionproject.org Photos by Joshua J. Amrani, Sucheta Das, Mohammad Rakibul Hassan, Mรกrio Macilau, and Gautam Pandey

THE PROTECTION PROJECT REVIEW OF THE

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT JULY 2013

Table of Contents

Introduction 1. TIP Report 2013 Tier Placement

a. TIP Report 2013 Tier Placement

b. Movements in Tier Placement 2012-2013

2. Labor Trafficking

a. Occurrence and Routes of Forced Labor

b. Occurrence and Routes of Child Labor

c. Child Soldiers

d. Trafficking for the Purpose of Domestic Servitude

e. Trafficking for the Purpose of Forced Begging

f. Trafficking for the Purpose of Debt Bondage

3. Sex Trafficking

a. Occurrence and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation

b. Occurrence and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

c. Occurrence and Routes of Child Sex Tourism

d. Trafficking for the Purpose of Marriage

4. Contributing Factors to the Trafficking Infrastructure

a. The Profile of the Trafficker

b. Technology and Trafficking in Persons

c. Religion and Trafficking in Persons

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d. Corruption Linked to Trafficking in Persons

5. Government Responses to Trafficking in Persons

a. Types of Anti-Trafficking Legislation

b. Residency Status for Victims of Trafficking

c. Existence of Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms

d. National Plans of Action

e. Training of Peacekeeping Forces

f. Use of Technology to Combat Trafficking in Persons

g. Demand Reduction Programs

h. International, Bilateral, and Multilateral Cooperation

i. Victimsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Right to Compensation

Government Provision of Legal Aid

k. Victim Identification System

l. Non-Punishment Principle

6. The Role of NGOs and Other Elements of Civil Society in Combating Trafficking in Persons

a. Trafficking in Persons in Academic Curricula

b. Provision of Shelters to Victims of Trafficking

c. Cooperation among NGOs and Governments

d. Private Sector Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility

e. Use of Religion to Combat Trafficking in Persons

f. Use of Media to Combat Trafficking in Persons

Maps and Charts References

-4-

INTRODUCTION On June 19, 2013, the United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons released the 2013 Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report). The TIP Report is comprehensive, well drafted, and thoroughly documented. In my opinion, the Report constitutes the primary reference and main source of information on efforts made by governments worldwide to combat trafficking in persons. The purpose of this review is to analyze the valuable information provided in the TIP Report. The Report is not only a diplomatic tool designed to engage governments in the battle against trafficking; it also serves an educational function, which has been the inspiration for this research. On behalf of The Protection Project, I would like to thank Luis CdeBaca, Ambassadorat-Large and Director of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons for providing us with an indispensable tool in the fight against human exploitation and for his leadership and commitment to this cause since the early efforts of the antitrafficking movement. I would also like to thank all the members of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons for this important work. Finally, I would like to thank Julia Braunmiller, Director of Legal Affairs, for preparing this publication. I would also like to express my appreciation for the staff and research associates of The Protection Project who have contributed to this review: Esther Cajinarobleto, Mandy Davis, Francisco Duran, Benita King, Kristoff Kohlhagen, Meaghan Malloy, Minora Pamphile, Elaine Panter, Jacob Travers, and Alisa Tsaturov. I hope you find this review informative.

Dr. Mohamed Mattar Executive Director

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1. TIP REPORT 2013 TIER PLACEMENT

1.a. TIP Report 2013 Tier Placement TIER 1 Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Canada Colombia Czech Republic Denmark

Finland France Germany Iceland Ireland Israel Italy South Korea

Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Aruba Azerbaijan The Bahamas Bangladesh Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cameroon Cape Verde Chile Congo, Republic of Costa Rica Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire Croatia

Curacao Cyprus Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Gabon Georgia Ghana Greece Guatemala Hong Kong Hungary India Indonesia Iraq Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan

Afghanistan Albania Angola Bahrain Barbados Belarus Burma Burundi Cambodia Chad Comoros

Djibouti The Gambia Guinea Guyana Haiti Honduras Kenya Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Madagascar

Algeria Central African Republic China Congo, Democratic Republic (DRC)

Cuba Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Guinea-Bissau Iran North Korea

Luxembourg Macedonia Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Poland Slovak Republic

Slovenia Spain Sweden Taiwan United Kingdom United States of America

Kiribati Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lithuania Macau Malawi Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Mozambique Nepal Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Paraguay Peru

Philippines Portugal Qatar Romania Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore South Africa St. Maarten St Vincent & The Grenadines Swaziland Switzerland Tajikistan Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates Vietnam Zambia

TIER 2

TIER 2 WATCH LIST Malaysia Maldives Mali Marshall Islands Micronesia Morocco Namibia Rwanda Seychelles South Sudan Solomon Islands

Sri Lanka St. Lucia Suriname Tanzania Thailand Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Ukraine Uruguay Venezuela

Kuwait Libya Mauritania Papua New Guinea Russia Saudi Arabia

Sudan Syria Uzbekistan Yemen Zimbabwe

TIER 3

SPECIAL CASE Somalia

-9-

Tier 3

Tier 2

Special Case

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Tier 2 Watch List

Tier 1

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

1. a. TIP Report 2013 Tier Placement A Guide to the Tiers Tier 1: A Tier 1 ranking is assigned to those countries whose governments fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Actâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (TVPA) minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons. Tier 2: A Tier 2 ranking is assigned to those countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards. Tier 2 Watch List: A Tier 2 Watch List ranking is assigned to those countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards, AND a) the absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing; b) there is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year, including increased investigations, prosecution, and convictions of trafficking crimes, increased assistance to victims, and decreasing evidence of complicity in severe forms of trafficking by government officials; or c) the determination that a country is making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with minimum standards was based on commitments by the country to take additional steps over the next year. Tier 3: A Tier 3 ranking is assigned to those countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so. 92

44 30

21 1

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 2 Watch List

- 11 -

Tier 3

Special Case

Moved Up in Tier Ranking

Tier 3

Tier 2

First Time Placement

Moved Down in Tier Ranking

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Special Case

Tier 2 Watch List

Tier 1

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

1. b. Movements in Tier Placement 2012-2013

2 4

First time placement

12 Moved down in tier ranking Moved up in tier ranking 18 1

Remained on the same tier

74 1

Tier 1

25 Tier 2

Tier 2 Watch List

*Graph does not include Somalia

Tier 3

144

- 13 -

2. LABOR TRAFFICKING

Countries of origin and destination

Countries of destination

Countries of origin, transit, and destination

Countries of transit and destination

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries of origin and transit

Countries of origin

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

Not reported

2.a. Occurrence and Routes of Forced Labor Trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation occurs in 179 of the 188 countries included in the 2013 TIP Report.

9 Countries where forced labor is reported

179

Countries where forced labor is not reported

The following chart outlines the information regarding the trafficking routes of forced labor and labor exploitation in the 179 countries.

102

21 5 Origin

Origin and transit

0 Transit

Transit and Destination Origin and Origin, destination destination transit, and destination

- 17 -

Countries of transit and destination Countries of origin and destination Countries of origin and transit

Countries of origin

Countries of destination

Countries of origin, transit and destination

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2011.

Jamaica

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

St. Maarten

2.b. Occurrence and Routes of Child Labor Trafficking for the purpose of child labor and labor exploitation of children occurs in 151 of the 188 countries included in the TIP Report 2013.

Countries where child labor is reported or may occur

151

Counrtries where child labor is not reported

The following chart outlines the information regarding the trafficking routes of child labor in the 151 countries. 95

5 Origin

Origin and transit

0 Transit

Transit and Destination Origin and Origin, destination destination transit, and destination

- 19 -

Not reported

No active recruitment by government or rebel forces, yet child soldiers were still present

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Child soldiers recruited by the government and armed forces

Child soldiers recruited by government armed forces only

Child soldiers recruited by armed rebel groups only

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

2.c. Child Soldiers According to the 2013 TIP Report, child soldiers are present in 17 countries out of the 188. Children are recruited by armed rebel groups as well as by government armed forces. The following column chart outlines the recruitment of child soldiers.

171

Countries where Countries where Countries where Countries where Countries where the recruitment there was no children were children were children were and/or use of active actively actively actively child soldiers is recruitment recruited by/for recruited by/for recruited by/for not during the both rebel and government armed rebel reporting period mentioned/not government armed forces groups during reported armed forces yet child soldiers during the the reporting are present during the reporting period period reporting period

- 21 -

Not mentioned

Victims exploited in domestic servitude abroad

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Victims exploited in domestic servitude, both internally and abroad

Victims exploited in internal domestic servitude

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

2.d. Trafficking for the Purpose of Domestic Servitude Trafficking for the purpose of domestic servitude is a form of forced labor that is present in 136 of 188 countries included in the 2013 TIP Report.

Countries where victims are trafficked for the purpose of domestic servitude

136

Countries not reported to traffic victims for the purpose of domestic servitude

The column chart outlines the routes of trafficking for domestic servitude in these 136 countries.

31 7

Victims are Victims are Victims are exploited in exploited in exploited in domestic servitude domestic servitude domestic servitude both internally and abroad internally abroad

- 23 -

Not mentioned

Victims exploited through forced begging abroad

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Victims exploited though forced begging domestically and internationally

Victims exploited through domestic forced begging

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

2.e. Trafficking for the Purpose of Forced Begging Trafficking for the purpose of forced begging occurs in 97 of the 188 countries that are listed in the 2013 TIP Report.

Countries where victims are trafficked for the purpose of forced begging

Countries not reported to traffic victims for the purpose of forced begging

The column chart outlines the routes of trafficking for forced begging as it occurs in the 97 countries cited in the 2013 TIP Report. 79

18 0

Victims are exploited in Victims are exploited in forced begging abroad forced begging domestically

- 25 -

Victims are exploited in both domestic and foreign forced begging

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of debt bondage is not reported

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of debt bondage is reported

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

2.f. Trafficking for the Purpose of Debt Bondage Trafficking for the purpose of debt bondage or peonage is present in 49 of the 188 countries included in the 2013 TIP Report. This section observes victims that face confiscation of their travel documents, inflated debts forced by employers or labor agencies, abuse, confinement, and inhuman working conditions. For instance, some recruiters work for Indonesia-based international labor recruitment companies called PJTIKIs that work like trafficking rings. These companies lead both male and female workers into debt bondage. As a result, the victims face withholding of documents and threats of violence to remain working for these labor agencies.

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of debt bondage is reported

139

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of debt bondage is not reported

- 27 -

3. SEX TRAFFICKING

Countries of destination Countries of origin and transit

Countries of origin

Countries of origin, transit and destination

Countries of transit and destination

Countries of origin and destination

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

3. a. Occurrence and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation Trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation occurs in all 188 countries included in the 2013 TIP Report. The column chart below summarizes the routes of trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation through three categories: countries of origin, transit, and destination.

108

29 20 13 4

Origin

Origin and transit

0 Transit

Transit and Destination Origin and Origin, destination destination transit, and destination

- 31 -

Countries of destination Countries of origin and transit

Countries of origin

Countries of origin, transit and destination

Countries of transit and destination

Countries of origin and destination

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

Not mentioned

3. b. Occurrence and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Out of 188 countries in the 2013 TIP Report, 167 countries reported trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation of children.

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation of children is reported

167

Countries where trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation of children is not explicitly reported

The column chart summarizes the routes of commercial sexual exploitation of children.

103

20 4

Origin

Origin and transit

0 Transit

Transit and Destination Origin and Origin, destination destination transit, and destination

- 33 -

Countries where child sex tourism is not reported

Countries of destination for child sex tourism

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries of origin and destination for child sex tourism

Countries of origin for child sex tourism

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

3. c. Occurrence and Routes of Child Sex Tourism Of the 188 countries in the 2013 TIP Report, 55 reported instances of child sex tourism.

55 133

Countries where child sex tourism is reported Countries where child sex tourism is not explicitly reported

Child sex tourists originated from 18 countries. Thirty countries were destinations for child sex tourists. Seven countries were both origin and destination countries.

Countries of origin for child sex tourism

Countries of destination for child sex tourism

- 35 -

Countries of origin and destination for child sex tourism

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries where exploitive marriage is not reported

Countries where exploitive marriage is reported

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

3. d. Trafficking for the Purpose of Marriage In 40 of the 188 countries included in the 2013 TIP Report, women and/or children were trafficked for the purpose of exploitation in marriage.

Countries where exploitative marriage is reported

148

Countries where exploitative marriage is not reported

The following column chart examines the different ways marriage is exploited in these 40 countries. Each category was counted individually, so the multiple listing of countries is possible. These marriages are primarily used for the purpose of sexual and/or labor exploitation. Women are victims of forced, fraudulent, fraudulently brokered, and temporary marriages. Children may also become victims of exploitative marriage. For example, girls forced into marriage are often subjected to domestic servitude and sexual slavery in the Central African Republic or sold by their parents and marriage brokers in Egypt.

20 16

Forced marriage

Fraudulent marriage

Child marriage

- 37 -

Brokered marriage for the purpose of exploitation

Temporary marriage

4. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE TRAFFICKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Organized Crime/Trafficking Rings, Militia, and Pimps/Brothel Owners

Militia

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Pimps/Brothel Owners

Organized Crime/Trafficking Rings

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

Pimps/Brothel Owners, and Militia

4.a. The Profile of the Trafficker This chart summarizes the different profiles of traffickers included in the 2013 TIP Report. For example, trafficking techniques in Bangladesh include the fraudulent recruitment of migrant workers, where one type of job and conditions are promised, but upon arrival the job, employer, salary, and conditions are changed. Workers often face restrictions of movement, withholding of passports, threats of force, physical and sexual abuse, and threats of detention or deportation at the hands of their employer. The TIP Report notes that in Jamaica poor families send their children to live with better off families or local crime lords in hopes of a better life, but instead these children often fall prey to labor or sex trafficking. Each category in this chart was counted individually, so the multiple listing of countries is possible.

74 67 58 51 39 27

- 41-

Employment Agencies and Businesses

Businesses

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Fraudulent International Marriage Brokers

Employment Agencies

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

Family, Teachers/Religious Community, and Diplomatic Community

Teachers/Religious Community

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Diplomatic Community

Family Members

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries in which there is no report of technologies utilized to facilitate trafficking

Countries in which technologies have been used to facilitate trafficking

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

4.b. Technology and Trafficking in Persons This chart summarizes the incidence of new technologies used by traffickers as recorded by the 2013 TIP Report. In 18 countries, traffickers are explicitly mentioned as utilizing new technologies in trafficking operations. Such technologies include the use of social media and online websites. The 2013 TIP Report states that in Indonesia, there has been a growth in the number of university and high school students utilizing social media websites to recruit and offer other students, including those under the age of 18, for commercial sex. In Mongolia, traffickers have been increasingly using social networking sites and online advertisements in the place of fraudulent ads in newspapers and on television to recruit victims. For the purpose of this chart, all reported forms of trafficking are included.

Countries in which technologies have been used to facilitate trafficking Countries in which there is no report of technologies utilized to facilitate trafficking

170

- 45 -

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/or a religious pretext in trafficking is not mentioned

Countries in which religious figures and/or a religious pretext have been involved in trafficking schemes

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

4.c. Religion and Trafficking in Persons This chart reports on the presence of religion as a factor in the trafficking of persons. In 20 of the reported countries, religious figures and/or religious pretext have been involved in trafficking schemes. For example, the 2013 TIP Report states that in Mauritania, some boys who attend Koranic schools are subjected to forced begging by corrupt imams and are often deprived of food and live in harsh conditions. In other instances the Report notes that Nigerian children in Italy are subjected to labor trafficking through debt bondage and voodoo rituals. For the purpose of this chart, all reported forms of trafficking are included.

20 Countries in which religious figures and/or a religious pretext have been involved in trafficking scemes Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/ or a religious pretext in trafficking is not mentioned

168

- 47 -

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

No reports of corruption/information not provided

Countries where corruption linked to trafficking in persons is not explicitly reported, but is suggested

Countries where corruption linked to trafficking in persons is reported and/or investigations into such corruption have taken place

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

4.d. Corruption Linked to Trafficking in Persons This chart displays the incidence of corruption as stated by the 2013 TIP Report. There are instances of corrupt activities linked to trafficking in persons in 75 of the 188 countries included in the TIP Report. In 34 countries, corruption is not specifically reported but is suggested. The Report provides examples in which officials accepted or extorted bribes, assisted in the transport of trafficking victims across borders, and tolerated child prostitution and other human trafficking activities in commercial sex sites.

Countries where corruption linked to trafficking in persons is reported and/or investigations into such corruption have taken place Countries where corruption linked to trafficking in persons is not explicitly reported, but is suggested

No reports of corruption/information not provided

- 49 -

5. GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

Act and/or penal code prohibiting some forms of trafficking Primary child-related provisions/laws

Penal code criminalizes all forms of trafficking

Act(s) prohibiting some forms of trafficking

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Insufficient anti-trafficking provisions/draft law

Comprehensive anti-trafficking act

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.a. Types of Anti-Trafficking Legislation According to the TIP Report 2013: x x x x x x x

80 countries have a comprehensive anti-trafficking statute prohibiting all forms of trafficking 10 countries have an anti-trafficking statute(s) prohibiting some forms of trafficking 21 countries have anti-trafficking statute(s) and penal code prohibiting some forms of trafficking 53 countries have provisions in their penal code criminalizing all forms of trafficking 14 countries have provisions in their penal code criminalizing some forms of trafficking 6 countries have insufficient provisions in their statute(s) or their penal code, but have a draft law or are in the process of drafting new legislation 4 countries have some anti-trafficking provisions in their laws, which are primarily child-related

21 14

Comprehensive Act(s) act prohibiting prohibiting all forms of some forms of trafficking trafficking

Act and penal code prohibiting some forms of trafficking

Penal code criminalizing all forms of trafficking

- 53 -

Penal code Insufficient Primarily childcriminalizing anti-trafficking related some forms of provisions/draft provisions/laws trafficking law

Offer temporary status if victims cooperate with law enforcement Not specified

Temporary Status

Offer no residency status

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Permanent status in face of retribution or hardship

Permanent status

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.b. Residency Status for Victims of Trafficking The following column chart summarizes the TIP Report 2013 country information relating to immigration and residency policies toward victims of trafficking. Thirty-nine countries offer temporary status to victims of trafficking and 29 countries offer such status if victims cooperate with law enforcement by testifying in court cases or facilitating the investigation process. Countries listed as offering permanent status (21) do not necessarily automatically offer this status to victims of trafficking; sometimes the status may be contingent upon the successful prosecution and conviction of victims’ traffickers. These same countries offer temporary status if victims do not qualify for permanent status. It should also be noted that permanent status does not equate with truly “permanent” rights to stay in the country, as legal requirements may entail a review of the victim’s circumstances after some years of residency, in addition to fulfilling other conditions such as law-abiding behavior, or enrollment in an educational institution, or participation in the workforce. Seventeen countries only provide permanent status to victims in face of retribution or hardship upon their removal; if this requirement is not met those victims may receive temporary status or no status at all.

50 39

29 21

Temporary status

Temporary status if victims cooperate with law enforcement

Permanent status

Permanent status in face of retribution or hardship

- 55 -

Offer no residency status

Not specified

Countries for which no level of transparency is recorded

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries listed as having limited or no transparency in reporting

Countries listed as having a high level of transparency in reporting

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.c. Existence of Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms The TIP Report 2013 records each countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s level of transparency in monitoring and reporting on their anti-trafficking activities.

Countries listed as having a high level of transparency in reporting Countries listed as having limited or no transparency

117

Countries for which no level of transparency is reported

States have adopted different mechanisms to monitor and report on the governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s anti-trafficking activities. Countries (39) employ independent national rapporteurs, task-forces composed of members of different government agencies, existing agencies whose mandate is expanded to cover anti-trafficking activities, and government agencies that address trafficking in persons specifically. 14 11 7

Countries with anti-trafficking national rapporteur

Countries with anti-trafficking inter-ministerial task-force

Countries with existing government agency that assesses/reports on trafficking activities

- 57 -

Countries with specialized antitrafficking government agency

No anti-trafficking NAP NAP not mentioned

NAP targeting trafficking-related human rights violations

Partially implemented NAP

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Draft or unimplemented NAP

Anti-Trafficking NAP implemented

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.d. National Plans of Action Fifty-three countries are reported as having a national action plan (NAP) to combat trafficking in persons. Eight countries are identified as having national action plans that target human rights violations related to trafficking in persons, such as child labor, sexual exploitation, or gender-based violence.

33 25

8 2 Countries with implemented anti-trafficking NAP

Countries with Countries with NAP for partially trafficking-related implemented NAP human rights violations

Countries with draft or unimplemented NAP

- 59 -

Countries without anti-trafficking NAP

Countries for which NAP is not mentioned

Training of peacekeepers not explicitly reported

Training of peacekeepers provided by

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

NGOs and/or foreign donors

Training of peacekeepers not provided

Training of peacekeepers provided by government

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.e. Training of Peacekeeping Forces The following chart summarizes efforts to train peacekeepers on anti-trafficking in persons and international human rights. These trainings are conducted either as part of a general human rights briefing or as a specific anti-trafficking program. Forty-six countries trained their peacekeeping troops on preventing and combating trafficking in persons prior to their deployment on international peacekeeping missions. In nine countries, NGOs and/or foreign donors contributed to government efforts or conducted the training themselves. No training was provided in five countries, and 128 countries did not report on whether peacekeeping troops were trained or not.

128

46 9

Training of peacekeepers provided by government

Training of peacekeepers provided by NGOs and/or foreign donors

Training of peacekeepers not provided

- 61 -

Training of peacekeepers not explicitly reported

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries that do not report the use of technology to combat trafficking

Countries that report the use of technology to combat trafficking

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Lucia St. Vincent & The Grenadines

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.f. Use of Technology to Combat Trafficking in Persons Eighty countries listed in the 2013 TIP Report are using technology to combat trafficking in persons. Such technologies include the use of telephone hotlines, websites providing legal information for victims, video testimony of victims in order to facilitate their participation in the prosecution of traffickers without requiring victims to experience the trauma of facing their traffickers, a trafficking database tracking previous convictions of traffickers, and email as a means of reporting or e-learning initiatives to train government staff in identifying instances of human trafficking. Although almost half of all countries provide a telephone hotline, the effectiveness of each hotline depends on public awareness and how often calls are responded to, is thereby contingent upon staffing and hours of hotline operation.

80 108

Countries that report the use of technology to combat trafficking Countries that do not report the use of technology to combat trafficking

The following chart records the number of countries (80) that use these different types of technology to combat trafficking in persons. Some countries are counted multiple times, simply because they utilize many forms of technology. 63

Telephone hotlines

Video Website with testimony for legal trafficking information victims for trafficking victims

- 63 -

Trafficking database

Government email for reporting or elearning

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries for which demand reduction programs are not mentioned

Countries with demand reduction programs for both commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor

Countries with demand reduction programs for commercial sexual exploitation only

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.g. Demand Reduction Programs The TIP Report notes that 40 countries have demand reduction programs, whereas 130 countries are specifically recorded as not having any such programs. For instance, the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade continued to distribute a publication warning Canadians traveling abroad about penalties under Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s child sex tourism law with every new Canadian passport issued.

Countries with demand reduction programs

Countries without demand reduction programs Countries for which demand reduction programs are not mentioned

130

While the majority of demand reduction programs (34) target commercial sexual exploitation only, some countries are attempting to decrease the demand for forced labor. For example, addressing the demand for commercial sex acts and forced labor, Uruguayan authorities prosecuted some citizens for paying children for commercial sexual acts and enforced labor laws in cases involving Bolivian domestic workers working irregularly in Montevideo.

Countries with demand reduction programs for commercial sexual exploitation only Countries with demand reduction programs for both commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor

- 65 -

Government fails to cooperate with international organizations and/or foreign governments Cooperation with international organizations and/or foreign governments is not explicitly mentioned

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Government cooperates with international organizations and/or foreign governments Government cooperates inadequately with international organizations and/or foreign governments

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.h. International, Bilateral, and Multilateral Cooperation International, bilateral, and multilateral cooperation between different countries and with international organizations is reported in 103 countries. According to the 2013 TIP Report, the Ghanaian government, with support from international organizations and NGOs, conducted anti-trafficking information and education campaigns throughout the country, including sensitization programs in the Volta Region and cocoa-producing communities. In Syria, the government failed to cooperate with international organizations. Cooperation between international organizations and governments is stated to be inadequate in 27 countries. In the remaining countries, no cooperation with international organizations and/or foreign governments is explicitly mentioned.

103

27 1

Government cooperates with international organizations and/or foreign governments

Government fails to cooperate with international organizations and/or foreign governments

Government cooperates inadequately with international organizations and/or foreign governments

- 67 -

Cooperation with international organizations and/or foreign governments is not explicitly mentioned

Victims' rights to compensation is not mentioned

Confiscation of assets

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

State fund for victim compensation

Legal rights to monetary damages, including through civil suits

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.i. Victimsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Right to Compensation Forty-nine countries have options for trafficking victims to seek compensation or restitution for the damages incurred from a trafficking situation. Methods of compensation include civil suits, mandatory restitution from traffickers, confiscation of traffickersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; property or assets (reported by 14 countries), or, as in the cases of Nigeria, a state fund specifically for victim compensation. For example, in March 2013, the Constitutional Court of Colombia ordered members of a family that kept a child in domestic servitude from 1963 to 1975 to pay the victim compensation for physical and psychological damages. 133 countries did not report on the availability of compensation for victims.

133

Legal right to monetary damages, including through civil suits

State fund for victim compensation

Confiscation of assets

- 69 -

Victims' right to compensation is not mentioned

Government's provision of legal aid is not mentioned

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Government does not provide legal aid

Government provides legal aid

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.j. Government Provision of Legal Aid According to the 2013 TIP Report, 77 countries provided trafficking victims with direct access to legal aid, while 14 countries refused trafficking victims any legal assistance or referral. The Austrian government, for example, funded a specialized anti-trafficking NGO that provided housing, psycho-social, and legal services in Vienna to female trafficking victims. The government of the Dominican Republic reported that the Attorney Generalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office of Legal Representation of Victims provided pro bono orientation, assistance, and legal representation to low-income victims. The TIP Report presented 97 countries in which the provision of governmental legal aid was not mentioned.

Government provides legal aid

Government does not provide legal aid

Government's provision of legal aid is not mentioned

This chart characterizes whether the legal services provided by the governments in the 77 countries were adequate or inadequate.

Government provides adequate legal aid

Government provides inadequate legal aid

- 71 -

Countries with no formal victim identification procedures

Countries with moderate formal victim identification procedures

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries with weak formal victim identification procedures

Countries with strong formal victim identification procedures

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.k. Victim Identification System The lack effective victim identification mechanisms leaves potential trafficking victims within vulnerable populations, such as women exploited in prostitution or illegal laborers, susceptible to unwarranted arrest or punishment. The TIP Report 2013 lists 17 countries with strong formal, established, systematic, and proactive victim identification procedures. Forty-one countries have moderate and 116 countries have weak victim identification procedures. In 14 countries, victim identification procedures are not formally established. The Report identifies best practices in Israel, for example, where the government adopted new identification procedures in 2012 that require all prison staff to notify a social worker of suspected trafficking victims in detention, who were in turn required to inform the police and legal aid; these procedures significantly increased the number of victims identified in detention facilities. In the Bahamas, the government implemented a newly developed formal protocol to guide front-line responders step-by-step in how to identify human trafficking victims and refer them to available services, defining the role of key government and NGO entities involved in victim protection. Immediately after the government published the protocol, officials identified two adult trafficking victims—a positive development as the government had previously not reported any victim identifications.

116

41 17

Countries with Countries with Countries with moderate formal weak formal victim strong formal identification victim identification victim identification procedures procedures procedures

Ǧ ͹͵ Ǧ

Countries with no formal victim identification procedures

Country punishes victims for crimes committed as direct result of a trafficking situation Country has non-punishment laws/policies but deficient identification procedures leads to punishment of victims Not mentioned

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Country reports non-punishment of victims but may not have non-punishment laws/policies

Country has non-punishment laws or policies

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

5.l. Non-Punishment Principle The 2013 TIP Report identified eleven countries as having implemented nonpunishment laws and/or policies protecting victims from punishment and deportation. Thirteen countries have non-punishment laws or policies but the lack of victim identification procedures leads to the penalization of trafficking victims who remain unidentified during judicial proceedings. Fifty-five countries routinely arrest, detain, and penalize trafficking victims for crimes committed as a direct result of being trafficked, such as prostitution or work without a permit. Forty-three countries report that no trafficking victims were punished.

66 55 43

Not mentioned Country Country has Country reports Country has non-punishment non-punishment non-punishment punishes victims for crimes laws/policies laws or policies of victims but committed as but deficient may not have non-punishment identification direct result of a trafficking procedures laws/policies situation leads to punishment of victims

- 75 -

6. THE ROLE OF NGOS AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

Not explicitly reported

Anti-trafficking is incorporated into institutional educational programs for law enforcement officers and government officials

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Anti-trafficking is incorporated into schools, universities, and programs for law enforcement officers and government officials

Anti-trafficking is incorporated into schools and universities

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.a. Trafficking in Persons in Academic Curricula Of the 188 countries mentioned in the TIP Report 2013, 14 incorporated anti-trafficking in persons and/or related topics into primary, secondary, or higher education and 28 countries incorporated the topic into institutional education programs for law enforcement officers, judges, consular officers, and other government officials. Three countries incorporated such training in both forms of education programs. 143 countries did not provide such curricula or did not report on it. The Report identifies best practices. For example in Aruba, human trafficking awareness is incorporated into the police academy curriculum; in France, all tourism students are obligated to take course work on preventing child sex tourism.

143

Anti-trafficking in Anti-trafficking in persons is persons is incorporated into incorporated into school and university institutional curricula education programs for law enforcement officers, judges, consular officers, and other government officials

Anti-trafficking in persons is incorporated into both

- 79 -

Not reported

Countries where shelter is not mentioned

Countries that accommodate trafficking victims in other victim support shelters

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries without shelters

Countries that have designated shelters for victims of trafficking

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.b. Provision of Shelters to Victims of Trafficking The 2013 TIP Report indicates that 146 countries provide shelter for victims of trafficking; of these, 120 countries provided trafficking victim-specific shelters and 26 accommodate trafficking victims in other support shelters.

120

Countries that have designated shelters for victims of trafficking in persons

Countries that accommodate trafficking victims in other victim support shelters

Countries without shelters

Countries where shelters are not mentioned

This chart categorizes the types of organizations that provide shelters in the 146 countries. The TIP Report mentions that shelters may be inadequate and sometimes deprive the victims of their liberty.

NGO-operated shelters

34 62

Governmentoperated shelters

Both/Cooperation

- 81 -

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Cooperation with NGOs is not explicitly mentioned

NGOs

Government fails to cooperate with

NGOs

Government cooperates inadequately with

Government cooperates with NGOs

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.c. Cooperation among NGOs and Governments Instances of cooperation between the government and NGOs to provide services to trafficking victims or raise awareness on the issue of trafficking in persons are mentioned in 157 countries. In 132 of these countries the government cooperates adequately with NGOs; in 25 countries the cooperation is reported to be inadequate. In nine countries the government fails to cooperate with NGOs or other civil society groups.

132

22 9

Government cooperates adequately with NGOs

Government cooperates inadequately with NGOs

Government fails to cooperate with NGOs

- 83 -

Cooperation with NGOs is not explicitly mentioned

Countries where private sector initiatives are not mentioned

Countries with anti-trafficking partnerships between the private and the public sectors

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.d. Private Sector Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility In 23 countries, anti-trafficking partnerships between the public and private sectors are mentioned. Through partnership and collaboration, the government and the private sector engaged or worked together to enhance anti-trafficking initiatives in the country. For example, the TIP Report 2013 notes that in Kosovo, the government provided tax incentives to businesses that employed victims of trafficking. Countries with antitrafficking partnerships between the private and public sector Countries where private sector initiatives are not mentioned

165

These public-private partnerships take various forms. In six countries, the public sector and private sector engaged in trainings or conferences to enhance anti-trafficking measures. In seven countries, the private sector provided funding for anti-trafficking measures. Some of the public-private partnerships mentioned did not fall into the aforementioned categories; for example, the TIP Report 2013 notes that in Aruba, the government has agreements with local NGOs and private sector accommodations for sheltering adult victims of trafficking. In some instances, multiple public-private partnerships are mentioned for one country.

Trainings and conferences

Private funding

14 7

- 85 -

Other

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/or a religious pretext used to combat trafficking is not mentioned

Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in the provision of protection and services to victims

Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in prevention and advocacy efforts.

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.e. Use of Religion to Combat Trafficking in Persons The TIP Report 2013 documents seven countries in which religious leaders and/or faith-based organizations are engaged in advocacy and prevention efforts and there are ten countries in which religious entities provide shelter and other protection services to trafficking victims. For example, the Department of Social Welfare and the Department of Education of The Gambia launched a program that provided financial support and resources to Koranic schools on the condition that their students are not forced to beg, reaching over 1,000 children; the number of Koranic students who were previously subjected to forced begging has decreased substantially since the launch of the program. The Report also notes that the government of Kuwait made an effort to reduce overseas child sex tourism by requiring some mosques to deliver Friday sermons on the danger of sex trafficking abroad and Islamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strict teachings against improper sexual relations.

Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in prevention and advocacy efforts

Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in the provision of protection services to victims Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/or a religious pretext used to combat trafficking is not mentioned

171

- 87 -

Source: U.S. Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

Countries with no use of media reported

Countries using media in public outreach

Jamaica

St. Maarten

Trinidad & Tobago

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

St. Lucia

Curacao

Barbados

The Bahamas

Aruba

Antigua & Barbuda

6.f. Use of Media to Combat Trafficking in Persons 159 of the 188 countries covered by the 2013 TIP Report are using the media as a tool to inform the public about the existence and danger of human trafficking. For example, a September 2012 nationwide awareness campaign in Cote Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire included TV and local radio information spots, 100 billboards, and the distribution of illustrated pamphlets to explain the new child anti-trafficking law and to educate the public on how to take action against the worst forms of child labor.

Countries that use media to combat trafficking Contries where use of media is not reported

159

The column graph below represents the different categories of media used to combat trafficking in persons. Each category was counted individually, so the multiple listing of countries is possible. 72

47 35 20

- 89 -

MAPS AND CHARTS REFERENCES

1a. TIP Report 2013 Tier Placement Tier 1 (30) Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States. Tier 2 (92) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macau, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Zambia. Tier 2 Watch List (44) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, The Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Morocco, Namibia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Seychelles, South Sudan, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela. Tier 3 (21) Algeria, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zimbabwe. Special Case (1) Somalia. 1.b. Movements in Tier Placement 2012-2013 Tier 1 = Tier 1 (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Luxembourg, Macedonia, - 93 -

Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States. Tier 2 => Tier 1 (1) Armenia. Tier 1 => Tier 2 (0) N/A. Tier 2=Tier 2 (74) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Curacao, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, St. Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Zambia. Tier 2 Watch List => Tier 2 (12) Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Republic of Congo, Cyprus, Ecuador, Iraq, Jamaica, Macau, Malawi, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Tier 2 => Tier 2 Watch List (4) Croatia, Lithuania, Mauritius, Georgia. Tier 2 Watch List = Tier 2 Watch List (25) Afghanistan, Angola, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Burundi, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Gambia, Haiti, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Malaysia, Maldives, Micronesia, Namibia, Seychelles, South Sudan, Suriname, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Venezuela. Tier 3 => Tier 2 Watch List (1) Madagascar. Tier 2 Watch List => Tier 3 (18) Albania, Cambodia, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Lesotho, Mali, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay. Tier 3 = Tier 3 (16) Algeria, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Zimbabwe. First Time Placement (4) - 94 -

Bhutan, St. Maarten. Special Cases (1) Somalia. 2.a. Occurrence and Routes of Forced Labor Countries of origin of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (21) Albania, Armenia, Bolivia, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Cuba, Eritrea, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Moldova, Paraguay, Seychelles, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Uzbekistan. Countries of origin and transit of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (5) Republic of Congo, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Nicaragua, Togo. Countries of transit and destination of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (13) Antigua & Barbuda, Austria, France, Gabon, Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Libya, Norway, Oman, Trinidad & Tobago, United Arab Emirates, Denmark. Countries of destination of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (19) Australia, Bahrain, Bhutan, Canada, Fiji, Israel, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Maldives, Micronesia, New Zealand, Palau, Qatar, St. Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sweden, Syria, Uruguay. Countries of origin and destination of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (19) Angola, Aruba, Barbados, Botswana, Cyprus, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, Iraq, Kosovo, Lebanon, Macau, Malta, Namibia, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Vietnam. Countries of origin, transit, and destination of trafficking for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation (102) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, - 95 -

Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Somalia. Countries where trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation is not reported (9) Bangladesh, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Switzerland. 2.b. Occurrence and Routes of Child Labor Countries of origin for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (22) Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Comoros, Cuba, Eritrea, Fiji, North Korea, Latvia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Moldova, Paraguay, Tajikistan, Tonga, Uzbekistan. Countries of origin and transit for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (5) Republic of Congo, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Nicaragua, Togo. Countries of destination for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (7) Bhutan, Luxembourg, Maldives, Singapore, Sweden, Syria, Uruguay. Countries of transit and destination for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (6) Antigua & Barbuda, Austria, France, Gabon, Hong Kong, Jordan. Countries of origin and destination for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (16) Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iraq, Kosovo, Lebanon, Macau, Namibia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Vietnam. Countries of origin, transit, and destination for trafficking of children for forced labor and child labor exploitation (95) Afghanistan, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Gambia, The, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, - 96 -

Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Somalia. Countries where trafficking of children for The purpose of forced labor and labor exploitation is not explicitly mentioned (--) 2.c. Child Soldiers Countries in which children are recruited by armed rebel groups only (9) Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Ecuador, India, Kenya, Mali, Philippines, South Sudan. Countries in which children are recruited by government armed forces only (2) Burma, Somalia. Countries in which children are recruited by both government armed forces and armed rebel groups (5) Chad, Rwanda, Sudan, Syria, Yemen. Countries in which no active recruitment yet present (1) Uganda. Countries where child recruitment is not explicitly mentioned (171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua - 97 -

New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 2.d. Trafficking for The Purpose of Domestic Servitude Countries where victims are exploited in internal domestic servitude (98) Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papa New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Sudan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, United States Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Countries from which victims are exploited in domestic servitude abroad (7) Philippines, Romania, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Countries in which victims are exploited in domestic servitude internally, and from which victims are exploited in domestic servitude abroad (31) Afghanistan, Angola, Bolivia, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Cote D'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Montenegro, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Countries which do not mention domestic servitude (52) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Guyana, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Suriname, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine. - 98 -

2.e. Trafficking for The Purpose of Forced Begging Countries where victims are exploited in domestic forced begging (79) Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Vietnam. Countries from which victims are exploited in forced begging abroad (0) Countries in which victims are exploited in forced begging domestically, and from which They are exploited in forced begging abroad (18) Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Ecuador, Guinea- Bissau, Kosovo, Mali, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Slovak Republic, Somalia, Tajikistan, Yemen. Countries that did not mention forced begging domestically or abroad (91) Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Gabon, Guyana, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Qatar, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 2.f. Trafficking for The Purpose of Debt Bondage Countries where trafficking for The purpose of debt bondage is reported (49) Afghanistan, Aruba, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech - 99 -

Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, France, Greece, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papa New Guinea, Peru, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Vietnam. Countries where trafficking for The purpose of debt bondage is not reported (139) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, TimorLeste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 3.a. Occurrences and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation Origin (20) Albania, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Colombia, Comoros Cuba, Eritrea, Kiribati, North Korea, Madagascar, Mauritius Moldova, Paraguay, Seychelles, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Origin and transit (4) Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Nicaragua, Togo. Transit and destination (13) Antigua & Barbuda, Austria, Denmark, France, Gabon, Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Libya, Oman, Switzerland, Trinidad & Tobago, United Arab Emirates. Destination (14) Australia, Bahrain, Bhutan, Israel, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Palau, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, St. Lucia, Syria, Timor-Leste. - 100 -

Origin and destination (29) Angola, Aruba, Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, Republic of The Congo, Cyprus, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iraq, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Macau, Maldives, Malta, Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, New Zealand, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Toga, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam. Origin, transit, and destination (108) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 3.b. Occurrences and Routes of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Exploitation of children reported (167) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Republic Of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, - 101 -

Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Not explicitly reported (21) Algeria, Aruba, Bahrain, Brunei, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, South Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Oman, Palau, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Island, St. Lucia, United Arab Emirates. Origin (20) Albania, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burundi, Burma, Cape Verde, Colombia, Comoros, Cuba, Eritrea, Kiribati, North Korea, Madagascar, Mauritius, Moldova, Paraguay, Seychelles, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Origin and transit (4) Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Nicaragua, Togo. Transit (0) N/A. Transit and destination (9) Antigua & Barbuda, Austria, Denmark, France, Gabon, Hong Kong, Jordan, Switzerland, Trinidad & Tobago. Destination (6) Australia, Bhutan, Luxembourg, Singapore, Syria, Timor-Leste. Origin and destination (25) Angola, Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, Republic Of The Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iraq, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Macau, Maldives, Malta, Namibia, New Zealand, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam. Origin, transit, and destination

(103)

Afghanistan, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, - 102 -

Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Internal only (0) N/A. 3.c. Occurrences and Routes of Child Sex Tourism Child sex tourism reported (55) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Laos, Latvia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sweden, Thailand, Taiwan, Togo, United States, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen. Child sex tourism not reported (133) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Micronesia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St Vincent & The Grenadines, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Origin (18)

- 103 -

Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Iraq, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Togo, United States. Destination (30) Belize, Brazil, Cambodia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen. Origin and destination (7) Argentina, Australia, Benin, Georgia, Mali, Russia, Taiwan. 3.d. Trafficking for The Purpose of Marriage Forced marriage (20) Burma, Central African Republic, China, India, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, North Korea, Madagascar Mali, Mauritania, Netherlands, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Zimbabwe. Fraudulent marriage (7) Cameroon, Estonia, Indonesia, Japan, Netherlands, Somalia, Taiwan. Child marriage (16) Albania, Burma, Central African Republic, China, Egypt, India, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Madagascar, Mali, Montenegro, Niger, Pakistan, South Africa, South Sudan. Brokered/arranged marriage for The purpose of exploitation (17) Albania, Australia, China, Estonia, South Korea, Latvia, Malaysia, Mauritania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Vietnam. Temporary marriage (7) Egypt, India, Iraq, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen. Not reported (148) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, - 104 -

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, St Vincent & The Grenadines, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia. Exploited marriage reported (40) Albania, Australia, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, China, Egypt, Estonia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 4.a. The Profile of The Trafficker Countries where family members are human traffickers (51) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo (DRC), Republic of The Congo, Djibouti, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, France, Gabon, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Kiribati, Kenya, Kosovo, Lebanon, Liberia, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, New Zealand, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Zimbabwe. Countries where militia are human traffickers (22) Afghanistan, Burma, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, India, Iraq, Kenya, Mali, Pakistan, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Uganda, Yemen. Countries where fraudulent marriage brokers are human traffickers (19) Albania, Egypt, Estonia, India, Jordan, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon, Malawi, Mauritania, Netherlands, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Africa, Syria, Tajikistan, Yemen. Countries where diplomatic community is complicit in human trafficking (16)

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Austria, Belgium, Benin, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Netherlands, Philippines, Swaziland, United States, Vietnam. Countries where pimps and brothel owners are human traffickers (74) Algeria, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Curacao, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gambia, The, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macau, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad & Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Countries where teachers/religious instructors are human traffickers (14) Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Comoros, Gambia, The, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Togo. Countries where employment agencies are human traffickers (39) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Mexico, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, Vietnam. Countries where organized crime/trafficking rings are human traffickers (67) Afghanistan, Angola, Australia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, El Salvador, Fiji, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Germany, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Lesotho, Libya, Macau, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Africa, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Timor-Leste, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia. Countries where businesses are human traffickers (58) Aruba, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Republic of The Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Curacao, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Rwanda, - 106 -

St. Maarten, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, United States, Zimbabwe. Countries where The human traffickers are not specified (27) Bahamas, The, Barbados, Belarus, Chile, Croatia, Cuba, Georgia, Guyana, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Malta, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Panama, Poland, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan. 4.b. Technology and Trafficking in Persons Countries where new technologies have been utilized in The trafficking of persons (18) Austria, Belarus, Cameroon, Cyprus, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Latvia, Macau, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Philippines, Romania, Suriname, United States, Vietnam. 4.c. Religion and Trafficking in Persons Countries in which religious figures and/or a religious pretext have been involved in trafficking schemes (20) Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Comoros, France, Gambia, The, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Togo. Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/or religious pretext in trafficking is not mentioned (168) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, - 107 -

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra-Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 4.d. Corruption Linked to Trafficking in Persons Countries where corruption linked to trafficking in persons is reported and/or investigations into such corruption have taken place (75) Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo(DRC), Curacao, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St. Maarten, Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe. Countries where corruption is linked to trafficking in persons is not explicitly reported, but is suggested (34) Albania, Algeria, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Greece, Guyana, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Kuwait, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Oman, Sierra Leone, Spain, South Africa, Swaziland. No reports of corruption or information not provided (79) Australia, Austria, Aruba, Barbados, Belgium, Bhutan, Bolivia Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, The Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia.

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5.a. Types of Legislation Countries with comprehensive anti-trafficking statute(s) prohibiting all forms of trafficking (80) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, Columbia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gambia, The ,Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria ,Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam. Countries with anti-trafficking statute(s) prohibiting some forms of trafficking (10) Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Iran, Kiribati, Nepal, New Zealand, South Africa, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia. Countries with anti-trafficking statute(s) and penal code prohibiting some forms of trafficking (21) Afghanistan, Angola, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Republic of The Congo, Gabon, India, Iraq, North Korea, South Korea, Pakistan, Rwanda, Seychelles, Singapore, South Sudan, Sudan, Taiwan, Uruguay, Zimbabwe. Countries with provisions in penal code criminalizing all forms of trafficking (53) Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Republic, Curacao, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malawi, Malta, Marshall Islands, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, St. Maarten, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Countries with provisions in penal code criminalizing some forms of trafficking (14) Barbados, Brazil, China, Comoros, Cote D'Ivoire, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Hong Kong, Japan, Morocco, Papua New Guinea, Tunisia, Somalia. Countries with insufficient provisions in either statute or penal code, but draft law (6) Benin, Burundi, Chad, Haiti, Libya, Maldives. Countries with primarily child-related provisions/laws (4) Botswana, Cape Verde, Guinea, Togo. - 109 -

5.b. Residency Status for Victims of Trafficking Countries with temporary status (39) Albania, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palau, Panama, Poland, Portugal, St. Maarten, Serbia, Suriname, Timor-Leste, Trinidad & Tobago, Ukraine, Zambia. Countries which offer temporary status if victims cooperate with law enforcement (29) Argentina, Belize, Bulgaria, Colombia, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, The, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda. Countries which offer permanent status (21) Austria, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, El Salvador, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Italy, Lesotho, Netherlands, Paraguay, Peru, Sweden, Switzerland, United States. Countries which offer permanent status in face of retribution or hardship (17) Antigua & Barbuda, Burkina Faso, Guatemala, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, Macau, Norway, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tonga, United Kingdom, Venezuela. Countries which offer no residency status (50) Algeria, Angola, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Curacao, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, Uruguay, Vietnam. Countries which did not specify residency status (32) Afghanistan, Australia, Belarus, Benin, Chad, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, Niger, Philippines, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Seychelles, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 5c. Existence of Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms - 110 -

Countries listed as having a high level of transparency in reporting (39) Australia, Austria, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bulgaria, Canada, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Malta, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States. Countries listed as having limited or no transparency in reporting (32) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Georgia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Singapore, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Countries for which no level of transparency is reported (117) Afghanistan, Albania, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of The Congo , Curacao, Denmark, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, The, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Countries with anti-trafficking national reporter (7) Belarus, Belgium, Finland, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden. Countries with anti-trafficking inter-ministerial task-force (14) Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Czech Republic, Iraq, Nepal, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates. Countries with existing government agency that assesses or reports on antitrafficking activities (11) Australia, Cape Verde, France, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Kazakhstan, Malta, Poland, Sweden, United States.

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Countries with specialized anti-trafficking government agency (7) Canada, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Philippines, Uganda. 5.d. National Plans of Action Countries with implemented anti-trafficking NAP (53) Afghanistan, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Maldives, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Senegal, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia. Countries with NAP for trafficking-related human rights violations (8) Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Estonia, Ethiopia, Luxembourg, Namibia. Countries with partially implemented NAP (2) Mexico, Ukraine. Countries with draft or unimplemented NAP (25) Benin, Botswana, Brunei, Central African Republic, Chile, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Iceland, Italy, Kenya, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Uganda. Countries without anti-trafficking NAP (33) Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Chad, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, France, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Philippines, St. Lucia, Somalia, Sweden, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Venezuela, Yemen. Countries where NAP is not mentioned (67) Angola, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Ecuador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, The, Germany, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Macau, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Taiwan, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia,

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Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Zimbabwe. 5.e. Training of Peacekeeping Forces Training of peacekeepers provided by government (46) Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, The, Germany, Guatemala, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Malaysia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Togo, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen. Training of peacekeepers provided by NGOs and/or foreign donors (9) Austria, Benin, Burundi, China, Ghana, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Sierra Leone. Training of peacekeepers not provided (5) Argentina, Papua New Guinea, Slovak Republic, Thailand, Zambia. Training of peacekeepers not explicitly reported (128) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Gabon, Georgia, Greece, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe. 5.f. Use of Technology to Combat Trafficking Countries that report the use of technology to combat trafficking (80) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Burma, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, - 113 -

China, Comoros, Croatia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Spain, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Zambia. Countries that have telephone hotlines (63) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Burma, Cape Verde, China, Comoros, Croatia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Maldives, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United States. Countries that have a website to provide legal information for trafficking victims (13) Bahrain, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Iraq, Portugal, South Korea, Lithuania, Malta, Spain, Tanzania, Ukraine, Vietnam. Countries that provide video equipment for victims to testify (6) Cape Verde, Guatemala, Kosovo, Latvia, Portugal, Serbia. Countries that have a trafficking database (14) Central African Republic, Chad, Ecuador, Egypt, Gambia, The, Ghana, Haiti, Indonesia, Mauritius, Moldova, Peru, Slovak Republic, United Kingdom, Zambia. Countries that use email for reporting or e-learning initiatives to educate government workers on identifying instances of human trafficking (2) Lithuania, United Kingdom. Countries that do not report the use of technology to combat trafficking (108) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Japan, North Korea, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, - 114 -

Malaysia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 5.g. Demand Reduction Programs Countries with demand reduction programs (40) Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, El Salvador, Eritrea, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Macau, Macedonia, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan. Countries without demand reduction programs (130) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Curacao, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, France, Gambia, The, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 5.h. International, Bilateral, and Multilateral Cooperation Government cooperates with international organizations and/or foreign governments (103)

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Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, The , Barbados, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, North Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Taiwan, Timor-Lest, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Government fails to cooperate with international organizations and/or foreign governments (1) Syria. Government cooperates inadequately with international organizations and/or foreign governments (27) Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Estonia, Fiji, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Russia, St. Maarten, Slovenia, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Cooperation with international organizations and/or foreign governments is not explicitly mentioned (57) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Belize, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Curacao, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eritrea, Finland, Gabon, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hong Kong, Iceland, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, St. Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, United Kingdom. 5.i. Victimsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Right to Compensation Countries with a legal right to monetary damages, including through civil suits (49) Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belize, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mali, Moldova, Nepal, - 116 -

Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, St. Maarten, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, Tonga, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam. Countries with a state fund for victim compensation (1) Nigeria. Countries that confiscate assets of traffickers (14) Belarus, Brazil, Burma, Estonia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Laos, Nigeria, Philippines, Slovenia, Tanzania, Thailand, Ukraine, United States. Countries where victims' right to compensation is not mentioned (133) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 5.j. Government Provision of Legal Aid Government provides legal aid (77) Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Colombia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Micronesia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palau, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia. - 117 -

Government does not provide legal aid (14) Algeria, Burma, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Iraq, Kuwait, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Panama, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Venezuela, Vietnam. Government provision of legal aid is not explicitly mentioned (97) Afghanistan, Albania, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, The, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kiribati, North Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 5.k. Victim Identification System Countries with strong formal victim identification procedures (17) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, The, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States of America. Countries with moderate formal victim identification procedures (41) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Aruba, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Costa Rica, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Moldova, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates. Countries with weak formal victim identification procedures (116) Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of The, Congo, Republic of The, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, - 118 -

Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Somalia. Countries with no formal victim identification procedures (14) Central African Republic, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, North Korea, Libya, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Sudan, Syria, Tonga, Yemen. 5.l. Non-Punishment Principle Country has non-punishment laws or policies (11) Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, The, Barbados, Canada, Dominican Republic, Germany, Guyana, South Korea, Mauritius, Nigeria , St. Vincent & The Grenadines. Country reports non-punishment of victims but may not have non-punishment laws/policies (43) Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Curacao, Czech Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Gambia , The, Ghana, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Jamaica , Kenya, Kosovo, Madagascar, Mali, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland , Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela. Country has non-punishment laws/policies but deficient identification procedures lead to punishment of victims (13) Austria, Belize, Denmark, Finland, Guatemala, Israel, Luxembourg, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, United Kingdom. Country punishes victims for crimes committed as direct result of a trafficking situation (55) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Burundi, China, Comoros, Cuba, Egypt, France, Georgia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait , Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malawi, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Russia, St. Maarten, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Not mentioned (66)

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Aruba, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burma, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of The, Congo, Republic of The, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Fiji, Gabon, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macau, Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Micronesia, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Niger, Palau, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia , South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tonga, Turkey, Uganda, United States of America, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 6.a. Trafficking in Persons in Academic Curricula Anti-trafficking in persons is incorporated into school and university curricula (14) Bolivia, Burundi, Cyprus, France, Hungary, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Macau, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, United States. Anti-trafficking in persons is incorporated into institutional education programs for law enforcement officers, judges, consular officers, and other government officials (28) Armenia, Aruba, Bahamas, The, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, China, Congo, Republic of The, Czech Republic, Iceland, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Slovak Republic, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, Zambia. Anti-trafficking in persons is incorporated into both (3) Bosnia &Herzegovina, Ireland, Latvia. Not reported (143) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua &Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of The, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran , Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, t. Lucia, St. Maarten, Sudan, Suriname, - 120 -

Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad &Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 6.b. Provision of Shelters Countries that have designated shelters for victims of trafficking in persons (120) Albania, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of The Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leon, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Southern Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zambia. Countries that accommodate trafficking victims in other victim support shelters (26) Afghanistan, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Botswana, Brunei, China, Guyana, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mali, Malta, Namibia, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Somalia, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Uganda, Venezuela, Zimbabwe. Countries without shelters (16) Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Madagascar, Maldives, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Romania, St. Maarten, South Africa, United Arab Emirates. Countries where shelters are not mentioned (26) Aruba, Australia, Cape Verde, Comoros, Costa Rica, Curacao, Eritrea, Fiji, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kiribati, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Micronesia, Mozambique, North Korea, Seychelles, Syria, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Uzbekistan, Yemen. 6.c. Cooperation between NGOs and Governments Government cooperates adequately with NGOs (132) - 121 -

Afghanistan, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Republic of The, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, France, Gabon, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Island, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Government fails to cooperate with NGOs (9) Papua New Guinea, Dominican Republic, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Madagascar. Government cooperates inadequately with NGOs (25) Algeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Niger, Panama, Russia, Sierra Leon, Singapore, Uruguay. 6.d. Private Sector Countries with anti-trafficking partnerships between the private and public sector (23) Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gabon, Indonesia, Kosovo, Latvia, Nepal, Netherlands, Paraguay, Philippines, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States. Countries where private sector initiatives are not mentioned (165) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Costa - 122 -

Rica, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, The, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, St. Maarten, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trainings and conferences (5) Albania, El Salvador, Gabon, Philippines, Senegal. Private funding (7) Chile, Gabon, Indonesia, Latvia, Paraguay, Swaziland, United States. Others (14) Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, Brazil, Bulgaria, Ecuador, Gabon, Kosovo, Nepal, Netherlands, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States. 6.e. Religion to Combat Trafficking in Persons Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in prevention and advocacy efforts (7) Gambia, The, Kuwait, Malawi, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal. Countries in which faith-based institutions and/or religious figures have been engaged in The provision of protection services to victims (10) Bolivia, Burundi, Costa Rica, Equatorial Guinea, Jamaica, Kiribati, Mexico, Rwanda, Solomon Islands, Swaziland. Countries in which involvement of religious figures and/or a religious pretext used to combat trafficking is not mentioned (171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central - 123 -

African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of The Congo, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Bahamas, The, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 6.f. Use of Media to Combat Human Trafficking Countries using media to combat trafficking in person (159) Albania, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin , Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Republic of The, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Macau, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Somalia. - 124 -

Countries where use of media to combat trafficking in persons is not reported (29) Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahamas, The, Bhutan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, The, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Marshall Islands, Norway, St. Lucia, Senegal, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Yemen. Television (33) Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Belarus, Bolivia, Republic of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Montenegro, Namibia, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, Uganda. Radio (42) Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, China Cote d’Ivoire, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, Portugal, Rwanda, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Slovenia, Taiwan, Togo, Uganda, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela. Print media (47) Angola, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chad, Republic of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Fiji, Finland, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Macau, Malaysia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, United States, Vietnam. Internet (20) Bahrain, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Finland, Hungary, Iraq, Japan, South Korea, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Venezuela. Posters/Billboards (19) Antigua & Barbuda, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Fiji, Georgia, Indonesia, Laos, Liberia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Pakistan, Portugal, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam. Talks/Town hall meetings/Public speeches (11) Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kosovo, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Slovenia, United States. Art/Film/Exhibition/Performance (13) - 125 -

Austria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Hungary, India, Ireland, Laos, Lesotho, Moldova, Papua New Guinea, Romania, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Venezuela. Social media/Text messaging (4) China, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Trinidad & Tobago. Media campaigns (unspecified) (35) Albania, Armenia, Aruba, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Burma, China, Curacao, Egypt, Eritrea, Iceland, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Syria, Thailand, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Vietnam, Venezuela. General public awareness campaigns (72) Antigua & Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Rwanda, St. Maarten, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

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CONTACT INFORMATION All information, maps, and charts in this report are copyright protected. You may quote, cite, reproduce, or publish any of this information with permission of The Protection Project. For all inquiries and information, please write to: Julia Braunmiller Director of Legal Affairs The Protection Project The Johns Hopkins University SAIS 1717 Massachusetts Ave. N.W., Ste. 506 Washington, D.C. 20036 T: 202 663 5939 F: 202 663 5899 jcbraunmiller@jhu.edu