Stage 2 Rep2.19 Kimberly Kimisopa

Kimberly Kimisopa || Rep 2-19 || Structures of Light

TABLE OF CONTENTS Place

Idea

Form

Material

Place Light Studies 3D Views Site Analysis Case Study: Luminosity

Seek Light Metaphor Idea I: Idea II: Idea III: Case Study: Reflection

Final Design Architectural Drawings Axonometric View Case Study: Opacity

Aerial & Ground Views Access & Movement Internal Views Construction Detail Drawings Case Study: Filtration

Page 3- Page 10

Page 11 Page 16

Page 17 Page 22

Page 23 Page 28

PLACE

03

DAYTIME BAR SMITH LIBRARY

DAYTIME MATHS LAWN

NIGHTTIME BAR SMITH LIBRARY

AMIBENT LIGHT

NIGHTTIME MATHS LAWN

04

3D VIEWS GROUND VIEW BAR SMITH LIBRARY

AERIAL VIEW BAR SMITH LIBRARY

05

06 AERIAL VIEW MATHS LAWN

GROUND VIEW MATHS LAWN

SITE ANALYSIS

Access Pathways

Social Character

Movement

Usage Patterns

SUMMER SHADOWS

9AM

12 PM

3 PM 07

143551 mm

Scale 1:1000

A

Barr Smith Library

B

The Braggs

C

Molecular Life Sciences

D

Ingkarni Waradi

A

Engineering’s and Maths.

Science

36637 mm

F

C

18373 mm

E

B

41288 mm

PLAN

67921 mm

61888 mm

SANTOS Building D F

E

05

58192 mm

2550

0mm

23660 mm

WINTER SHADOWS 3 PM

9AM

12 PM

3 PM 08

09Case Study

CASE STUDY I:

LUMINOSITY

Linguistic Definition

The word luminosity originates from its Latin root, lumens. Luminous the adjective is defined as the radiating or reflecting light, shining, bright. Lighted up or illuminated, well-lighted. It can also be used to describe the intellectual brilliance of certain individuals. Luminosity is a term also used in astronomy to describe the brightness of a star in comparison with the sun.

Philosophical Definition Luminosity is a relative term used in reference of light. Light is far reaching, in the physical, emotion and spiritual realm. Many pose questions of its definition in a philosophical term. Speaking of its relation to us and us to it. The Sun is the main object of light for us humans, illumining the world year around, yet and still the light we see, is it what a true representation of what it is. Manoj Thulasidas in his paper Role of Light in Philosophy, wrote “The stars we see in the night sky, for instance, are not there. They may have moved or even died by the time we get to see them. This unreality is due to the time it takes for light from the distant stars and galaxies to reach us. We know of this delay.�

Case Study10

Fluid Luminosity: The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid During the early 20th century light became a more central focus on architecture and the foundation for architects when designing. Designing structures which symbolise and interpret light. “Light closes the gap between architecture and our perception. We sense forms and materials with our eyes not directly but through the reflected light.” Light has a pounded impact on architecture. How light touch’s the façade of the building changes the way we perceive the structure.

The scope of this analysis is to focus on light and how it is used in architecture. Mainly focusing on the works of Zaha Hadid and her use of light as a metaphor is her designs, particularly in Splendid Starry Sky (2010), Vitra Fire Station (1993) and The Phaeno Science Centre (2005).

These well-established projects of Zaha Hadid have the principle of light as a medium in common. The article Fluid Luminosity: The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid speak on how Zaha Hadid uses light as a tool to stage her fragmented deconstructive architecture to her more fluid,

curve structures. The Vitra Fire Station, famously known as being Zaha Hadid’s first building, uses artificial light showcase sharp edges in the structure. While also softening the masculinity of the structure.

Like the Vitra Fire Station, Zaha Hadid used light to diffuse light through strong masculine form in the Phaeno Science Centre completed in 2005. The windows and luminaires in the building’s surface share the same form, creating a holistic design approach and thus moving on from Hadid’s earlier period of lines and sharp corners, as evident in Vitra Fire Station. The elevated concrete structure generates a large shaded area, with the view to daylight on one side intensifies the impression of a dark void. As a counterpoint, diffuse ceiling luminaires intervene in the dim atmosphere.

As time proceeded, Zaha Hadid’s architecture evolved.

From her period of raw, cool, concrete buildings, Zaha Hadid turned to warmer, richer golden glossy tones. This

evaluation is depicted in her design of the Guangzhou’s Opera House, Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre and Heydar Aliyev Centre. Zaha Hadid used light as a defining characteristic in each of these buildings. Hadid uses it to create atmosphere within a space, each having its own unique characteristic.

IDEA

Seek Light as Growth, EXPANSION

Louis Kahn once said, “A room is not a room without natural light”. Light is a powerful tool in architecture, especially natural light. A small opening can filter natural light to illuminate a given space. Light starts as a small entity then expends itself in such a way that it became fills a room and makes a room what it is.

11 Starting from a single point light has a way of growing within a given space.It spreads and expansions within a given vessel.

Somewhat like how a human’s transition from one phase of life to the next, it’s about growth and expansions. From crawling to walking, talking.

IDEATION I

12

IDEATION II

13

IDEATION III

14

15 Case Study

CASE STUDY II:

REFELECTION Linguistic Definition Reflect, originates from the Latin word reflectere, meaning to bend back. One definition of Reflection is the means of throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat or sound without absorbing it. Another definition is to give back or show an image of, a mirror.

Philosophical Definition Philosophical reflection is the careful examination of life situations. This involves the weighing of several alternatives and using specific standards to evaluate one’s actions. A man reflects philosophically when he can build on previous actions, events, or decisions. Socrates, The Great Greek Philosopher said, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” Humans beings can set and to ruminate and reflect on life and ponder what the future hold based on presents reflects of life and one’s attributes. This essential attribute distinguishes humans from other created beings on earth. Reflection allows for one to draw hypothetical conclusions and events. Reflects is one essential attribute for humans and for their future.

Case Study 16

Veiled in Brilliance: How Reflective Facades have Changed Modern Architecture As the spread of modernism erupted through rapid industrialisation, it’s wide spread of influence were and are still far reaching. Especially in due to rapid urbanisation and the expansions of skyscrapers.

One thing that is synonymous about this movement especially in architecture is common use of reflective and transparent surfaces. Reflective and Transparent surfaces are used within architecture as a mean for light to reflect and transcend through. The principle of reflection has given architects a wider field of influence. It allows for architects to design buildings that harness use the surrounding environment to give enhance the connection to the environment.

Architects such as Frank Gehry and Later Paul, just to name a few, use the brilliance of light to reflect light across the skin of a buildings facades.

The Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg by Herzog & de Meuron has visionary glass facades, that reflects light.

The inwardly and outwardly curved glass elements distort the perception of the city, water and sky. They build a fresh contrast to the uniform plane glass curtains of the International Style. The environment is not appreciated as a clear mirrored picture, but instead goes through a process of modification and reproduction.

Frank Gehry used the principle of reflect through metal with the titanium cladding for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in 1997. Frank Gehry has not only brought a dynamic composition of forms to Bilbao but reinforced his design with a distinctive, dynamic reflective imagery which varies with every cloud and sunbeam. The facades

Later Paul Andreu reflects light in dome of the National Grand Theatre of China with a shiny titanium skin. It allows light to ripple reflect differently along the façade of the building, due to the titanium curved façade.

Reflective skins on buildings have significantly increased the relevance of the surface as a carrier for the meaning of a building. When the light touches the building and how the light reflects on the building gives the structure character.

FORM

17

18

ELEVATION

1:100

PLAN 1:500

2

6 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Exhibition + Presentation Space Library + Reading Space Reception + Storage Male Female Toilet + Disbale Toilets Disable Access Ramp

6.

Secondary Entry and Exist

1

4

5

3

SECTION 1:500

19

COMPOSITION

STRUCTURE Glass Roof

Steel Frams

Concrete walls

Steel Beams

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Exhibition + Presentation Space Library + Reading Space Reception + Storage Male Female Toilet + Disbale Toilets Disable Access Ramp

6.

Secondary Entry and Exist

Concrete Foundation

20

21 Case Study

CASE STUDY III:

OPACITY

Linguistic Definition Opacity first originates in 1550-60, coming from the Latin word opacitas meaning shade. Opacity is the state or quality of being opaque.

Opaque is when a material is not transparent or translucent, impenetrable to light; no allowing light to pass through. When a material is opaque is when it is not shinny or bright; usually dark or dull.

Philosophical Definition From a philosophical standpoint, opacity can be the hindrance to knowing. Opacity in its nature is not clear, transparent. It is the roadblock or the questions in the life which we never understand why because we cannot perceive beyond. Opacity is the doors in life that cannot open, the windows we cannot see throw, the hallways which never end. It leaves on in a state of uncertainty because it lacks clarification. However, many view Opacity as a hinderance, a force which comes against but many soon see that even though those door didn’t open, the window where blacked out and the hallways grow too long and far, many soon realise that this was not the road in which they were meant to walk on. For opacity draws one to look for the light, the clearing away from the uncertainty, to travel the road which was meant for them.

Whitness in Nordic Countries Opacity in architecture is a double edge sword, a bag full of different meanings and usage. Opacity refers to a solidness, the property of not being transparent. The ability of a structure to prevent light from entering. The properties of opacity can be used for an advantageous purpose for architects when designing in locations where light is not as strong or direct as it is in another place.

Scandinavian countries where light is scarce in the winter and the summers are long. Architects must design objective of making use of subdued light.

In the article “Light Matters: Whiteness in Nordic Countries”, opacity in the medium of white coloured buildings are exploded. In how opaque buildings can filter the scarce light received. In this context the meaning of opacity is about the materials used and not about the transparency of the material.

In these Nordic architecture opacities is used to define space and give a sense of lightness to the building. White surfaces offer a high reflectance in order to maximize interior brightness for dark winter periods, but for Plummer the affection for whiteness is also linked to the beauty of snow-covered landscape. Early examples of white architecture are in Denmark´s medieval churches, and this design approach still influences modern sacred buildings like the Dybkær Church by Regnbuen Arkitekter. The concept of white diffusion, using white-painted plaster, white-enamelled steel and white linoleum, was introduced by Alvar Aalto for the Paimio Sanatorium in the 1930s, and achieved a peak at the Nordyjllands Art Museum in 1972, according to Plummer. Some churches call for attention with characteristic light patterns during the whole morning liturgy, some welcome the sunlight at the end of the service at noon whereas others imply only subdued light to enhance contemplation. Opacity allows for light to be filter and create a holy peaceful space.

Case Study 22

MATERIAL

23

INTERNAL VIEWS

24

VIEWS

25

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS GLASS ROOF DETAIL Flat round head screw join Insulating double glazed glass Insulating double glazed glass Waterproof seal system

BEAM INTERNAL SUPPORT

Steel Pipe Steel Outer Pipe Steel Pin Threaded Cap Steel Pipe Steel Base Pipe

26

27 Case Study

CASE STUDY IV:

FILTRATION Linguistic Definition Filtration is the act of letting a substance pass through another substance which separates and allows certain contain to pass through and others to not, this is the act of filtration. Filtration is to remove impurities from the source substance.

Philosophical Definition Filtration from a philosophical standpoint is the act of going through life’s difficulties and coming out realise something aren’t mean for you and others are. You are the source substance and as all other human being, life comes with a lot of baggage. Some baggage is necessary and other baggage is option and just cause excess problems and fees. Filtration is not an everyday occurrence, it’s when someone is caught between a rock and hard place when they realise certain impurities in life will not pass through and what is vital will. What will bring life and light back into your life will pass through, spreading through and luminating life again.

Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light by Thomas Schielke, 2015, speaks on Le Corbusier manipulation of light in sacred spaces. By filtering light through opening which filter through into a dark room. In Le Corbusier’s pilgrims chapel at Ron champ, the monastery of Saint Marie de Le Tourette depicts his use of filtration.

In the Chapel of Notre Dame Le Corbusier filters light through strip cuts in the east and south side of the Chapel. The stripes allow for the light to filter through past the thick wall of the chapel. The space between the ceiling allow light to filter through more harshly. By designing the light to filter through in such as way changes the atmosphere within the chapel compared to, the standard norms of chapels. Because the light that is filtered through is concentrated in such a way it hallows out the space.

The atmosphere Le Corbusier created in the monastery of Saint Marie de Le Tourette is quite different from that found in the Chapel of Notre Dame. The light here gives the space a sense of flow and rhythm.

The light reaches into the corridor space. Each corridor space has a different alignment of widow openings which allow light to filter through in different ways.

Saint Pierre filter its light differently than Le Corbusier’s other two religious spaces mentioned. The small opening on the east façade of the space. These opening allow light to filter into the space in the more as beams then later during the day the beams turn into waves of light dancing across the walls. This effect was by accident, not a part of Le Corbusier’s intent. This is the effect of how light travels within polycarbonate.

Le Corbusier use of light is for ornamentation. Light is used as a decorative medium within his design. Even though not a focus light gives his space a completely unique sense of space. Through Le Corbusier careful placement of opening light filters through and bring light and life to a dark space.

Case Study 28